1
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Bondeson DP, Paolella BR, Asfaw A, Rothberg MV, Skipper TA, Langan C, Mesa G, Gonzalez A, Surface LE, Ito K, Kazachkova M, Colgan WN, Warren A, Dempster JM, Krill-Burger JM, Ericsson M, Tang AA, Fung I, Chambers ES, Abdusamad M, Dumont N, Doench JG, Piccioni F, Root DE, Boehm J, Hahn WC, Mannstadt M, McFarland JM, Vazquez F, Golub TR. Phosphate dysregulation via the XPR1-KIDINS220 protein complex is a therapeutic vulnerability in ovarian cancer. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:681-695. [PMID: 35437317 PMCID: PMC9246846 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in precision medicine, the clinical prospects for patients with ovarian and uterine cancers have not substantially improved. Here, we analyzed genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens across 851 human cancer cell lines and found that frequent overexpression of SLC34A2 – encoding a phosphate importer – is correlated to sensitivity to loss of the phosphate exporter XPR1 in vitro and in vivo. In patient-derived tumor samples, we observed frequent PAX8-dependent overexpression of SLC34A2, XPR1 copy number amplifications, and XPR1 mRNA overexpression. Mechanistically, in SLC34A2-high cancer cell lines, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of XPR1-dependent phosphate efflux leads to the toxic accumulation of intracellular phosphate. Finally, we show that XPR1 requires the novel partner protein KIDINS220 for proper cellular localization and activity, and that disruption of this protein complex results in acidic vacuolar structures preceding cell death. These data point to the XPR1:KIDINS220 complex and phosphate dysregulation as a therapeutic vulnerability in ovarian cancer. Golub and colleagues identify the phosphate exporter XPR1 as a therapeutic vulnerability in ovarian and uterine cancers, and show that phosphate efflux inhibition reduces tumor cell viability through accumulation of intracellular phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenton R Paolella
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Merck Research Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adhana Asfaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Carly Langan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Mesa
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lauren E Surface
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kentaro Ito
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew A Tang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iris Fung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Mai Abdusamad
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Dumont
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Federica Piccioni
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Merck Research Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Pediatric and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Mannstadt
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Departments of Pediatric and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Almacellas-Barbanoj A, Albini M, Satapathy A, Jaudon F, Michetti C, Krawczun-Rygmaczewska A, Huang H, Manago F, Papaleo F, Benfenati F, Cesca F. Kidins220/ARMS modulates brain morphology and anxiety-like traits in adult mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:58. [PMID: 35140204 PMCID: PMC8828717 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Kinase D interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220), also known as ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (ARMS), is a transmembrane scaffold protein that participates in fundamental aspects of neuronal physiology including cell survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. The Kidins220 constitutive knockout line displays developmental defects in the nervous and cardiovascular systems that lead to embryonic lethality, which has so far precluded the study of this protein in the adult. Moreover, Kidins220 mRNA is tightly regulated by alternative splicing, whose impact on nervous system physiology has not yet been addressed in vivo. Here, we have asked to what extent the absence of Kidins220 splicing and the selective knockout of Kidins220 impact on adult brain homeostasis. To answer this question, we used a floxed line that expresses only the full-length, non-spliced Kidins220 mRNA, and a forebrain-specific, CaMKII-Cre driven Kidins220 conditional knockout (cKO) line. Kidins220 cKO brains are characterized by enlarged ventricles in the absence of cell death, and by deficient dendritic arborization in several cortical regions. The deletion of Kidins220 leads to behavioral changes, such as reduced anxiety-like traits linked to alterations in TrkB-BDNF signaling and sex-dependent alterations of hippocampal-dependent spatial memory. Kidins220 floxed mice present similarly enlarged brain ventricles and increased associative memory. Thus, both the absolute levels of Kidins220 expression and its splicing pattern are required for the correct brain development and related expression of behavioral phenotypes. These findings are relevant in light of the increasing evidence linking mutations in the human KIDINS220 gene to the onset of severe neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almacellas-Barbanoj
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132, Genova, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Martina Albini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Annyesha Satapathy
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Fanny Jaudon
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132, Genova, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Caterina Michetti
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Alicja Krawczun-Rygmaczewska
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132, Genova, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Huiping Huang
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Manago
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132, Genova, Italy. .,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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3
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The Entry and Egress of Monocytes in Atherosclerosis: A Biochemical and Biomechanical Driven Process. Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 2021:6642927. [PMID: 34345249 PMCID: PMC8282391 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6642927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with “the response to injury” theory, the entry of monocytes into the intima guided by inflammation signals, taking up cholesterol and transforming into foam cells, and egress from plaques determines the progression of atherosclerosis. Multiple cytokines and receptors have been reported to be involved in monocyte recruitment such as CCL2/CCR2, CCL5/CCR5, and CX3CL1/CX3CR1, and the egress of macrophages from the plaque like CCR7/CCL19/CCL21. Interestingly, some neural guidance molecules such as Netrin-1 and Semaphorin 3E have been demonstrated to show an inhibitory effect on monocyte migration. During the processes of monocytes recruitment and migration, factors affecting the biomechanical properties (e.g., the membrane fluidity, the deformability, and stiffness) of the monocytes, like cholesterol, amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as well as the biomechanical environment that the monocytes are exposed, like the extracellular matrix stiffness, mechanical stretch, blood flow, and hypertension, were discussed in the latter section. Till now, several small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), monoclonal antibodies, and antagonists for CCR2 have been designed and shown promising efficiency on atherosclerosis therapy. Seeking more possible biochemical factors that are chemotactic or can affect the biomechanical properties of monocytes, and uncovering the underlying mechanism, will be helpful in future studies.
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4
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Karouzaki S, Peta C, Tsirimonaki E, Mangoura D. PKCε-dependent H-Ras activation encompasses the recruitment of the RasGEF SOS1 and of the RasGAP neurofibromin in the lipid rafts of embryonic neurons. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104582. [PMID: 31629778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The spatial organization of plasma membrane proteins is a key factor in the generation of distinct signal outputs, especially for PKC/Ras/ERK signalling. Regulation of activation of the membrane-bound Ras, critical for neuronal differentiation and highly specialized functions, is controlled by exchanges in nucleotides catalyzed by nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for GTP loading and Ras activation, and by Ras GTPase Activated Proteins (RasGAPs) that lead to activation of the intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras and thus its inactivation. PKCs are potent Ras activators yet the mechanistic details of these interactions, or the involvement of specific PKC isoforms are now beginning to be addressed. Even less known is the topology where RasGAPs terminate Ras activation. Towards this aim, we isolated lipid rafts from chick embryo neural tissue and primary neuronal cultures when PKCε is the prominent isoform and in combination with in vitro kinase assays, we now show that, in response the PKCε-specific activating peptide ψεRACK, an activated PKCε is recruited to lipid rafts; similar mobility was established when PKCε was physiologically activated with the Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) agonist methanandamide. Activation of H-Ras for both agents was then established for the first time using in vivo RasGAP activity assays, which showed similar temporal profiles of activation and lateral mobility. Moreover, we found that the GEF SOS1, and the major neuronal RasGAP neurofibromin, a specific PKCε substrate, were both transiently significantly enriched in the rafts. Finally, our in silico analysis revealed a highly probable, conserved palmitoylation site adjacent to a CARC motif on neurofibromin, both of which are included only in the RasGAP related domain type I (GRDI) with the known high H-RasGAP activity. Taken together, these results suggest that PKCε activation regulates the spatial plasma membrane enrichments of both SOS1 and neurofibromin, thus controlling the output of activated H-Ras available for downstream signalling in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Karouzaki
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Charoula Peta
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Emmanouella Tsirimonaki
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitra Mangoura
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou, Athens, 11527, Greece.
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5
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Sebastián-Serrano Á, Simón-García A, Belmonte-Alfaro A, Pose-Utrilla J, Santos-Galindo M, Del Puerto A, García-Guerra L, Hernández IH, Schiavo G, Campanero MR, Lucas JJ, Iglesias T. Differential regulation of Kidins220 isoforms in Huntington's disease. Brain Pathol 2019; 30:120-136. [PMID: 31264746 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by brain atrophy particularly in the striatum that produces motor impairment, and cognitive and psychiatric disturbances. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed including dysfunctions in neurotrophic support and calpain-overactivation, among others. Kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220), also known as ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (ARMS), is an essential mediator of neurotrophin signaling. In adult brain, Kidins220 presents two main isoforms that differ in their carboxy-terminal length and critical protein-protein interaction domains. These variants are generated through alternative terminal exon splicing of the conventional exon 32 (Kidins220-C32) and the recently identified exon 33 (Kidins220-C33). The lack of domains encoded by exon 32 involved in key neuronal functions, including those controlling neurotrophin pathways, pointed to Kidins220-C33 as a form detrimental for neurons. However, the functional role of Kidins220-C33 in neurodegeneration or other pathologies, including HD, has not been explored. In the present work, we discover an unexpected selective downregulation of Kidins220-C33, in the striatum of HD patients, as well as in the R6/1 HD mouse model starting at early symptomatic stages. These changes are C33-specific as Kidins220-C32 variant remains unchanged. We also find the early decrease in Kidins220-C33 levels takes place in neurons, suggesting an unanticipated neuroprotective role for this isoform. Finally, using ex vivo assays and primary neurons, we demonstrate that Kidins220-C33 is downregulated by mechanisms that depend on the activation of the protease calpain. Altogether, these results strongly suggest that calpain-mediated Kidins220-C33 proteolysis modulates onset and/or progression of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Sebastián-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Simón-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Belmonte-Alfaro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Pose-Utrilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Santos-Galindo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Del Puerto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Guerra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivó H Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología (Unidad Docente Fisiología Animal), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel R Campanero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Lucas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Gamir-Morralla A, Belbin O, Fortea J, Alcolea D, Ferrer I, Lleó A, Iglesias T. Kidins220 Correlates with Tau in Alzheimer's Disease Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:1327-1333. [PMID: 27858709 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Identification of neurodegeneration-monitoring biomarkers would be of great clinical value for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. Using N- or C-terminal antibodies, we studied the pro-survival synaptic effector, Kidins220, in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of controls and AD patients. Only the N-terminal antibody showed a positive correlation between Kidins220 and phosphorylated tau in AD brains. Using this antibody, Kidins220 was detected in CSF from AD patients where it positively correlated with CSF phosphorylated tau and tau. This study highlights the potential of Kidins220 as a CSF biomarker in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gamir-Morralla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Instituto de Neuropatología, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Cen C, Luo LD, Li WQ, Li G, Tian NX, Zheng G, Yin DM, Zou Y, Wang Y. PKD1 Promotes Functional Synapse Formation Coordinated with N-Cadherin in Hippocampus. J Neurosci 2018; 38:183-199. [PMID: 29133434 PMCID: PMC6705812 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1640-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional synapse formation is critical for the wiring of neural circuits in the developing brain. The cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin plays important roles in target recognition and synaptogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the localization of N-cadherin and the subsequent effects remain poorly understood. Here, we show that protein kinase D1 (PKD1) directly binds to N-cadherin at amino acid residues 836-871 and phosphorylates it at Ser 869, 871, and 872, thereby increasing the surface localization of N-cadherin and promoting functional synapse formation in primary cultured hippocampal neurons obtained from embryonic day 18 rat embryos of either sex. Intriguingly, neuronal activity enhances the interactions between N-cadherin and PKD1, which are critical for the activity-dependent growth of dendritic spines. Accordingly, either disruption the binding between N-cadherin and PKD1 or preventing the phosphorylation of N-cadherin by PKD1 in the hippocampal CA1 region of male rat leads to the reduction in synapse number and impairment of LTP. Together, this study demonstrates a novel mechanism of PKD1 regulating the surface localization of N-cadherin and suggests that the PKD1-N-cadherin interaction is critical for synapse formation and function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Defects in synapse formation and function lead to various neurological diseases, although the mechanisms underlying the regulation of synapse development are far from clear. Our results suggest that protein kinase D1 (PKD1) functions upstream of N-cadherin, a classical synaptic adhesion molecule, to promote functional synapse formation. Notably, we identified a crucial binding fragment to PKD1 at C terminus of N-cadherin, and this fragment also contains PKD1 phosphorylation sites. Through this interaction, PKD1 enhances the stability of N-cadherin on cell membrane and promotes synapse morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity in an activity-dependent manner. Our study reveals the role of PKD1 and the potential downstream mechanism in synapse development, and contributes to the research for neurodevelopment and the therapy for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cen
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Da Luo
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-Qi Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Gang Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na-Xi Tian
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ge Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dong-Min Yin
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, and
| | - Yimin Zou
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Yun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China,
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Cai S, Cai J, Jiang WG, Ye L. Kidins220 and tumour development: Insights into a complexity of cross-talk among signalling pathways (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:965-971. [PMID: 28849114 PMCID: PMC5593494 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic complexes of kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa/ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (Kidins220/ARMS) bind and integrate a variety of cellular cues to mediate neuronal activities such as neuronal differentiation, survival, and cytoskeleton remodelling by interacting with a variety of binding partners. Accumulated evidence has also indicated its role in the regulation of vascular development. Mice with Kidins220 knockdown phenotypically present with cardiovascular abnormalities. Kidins220 also contributes to immunomodulation in combination with B cells and T cells. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that this protein regulates many crucial cellular processes and thus has been implicated in an increasing number of malignancies. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of Kidins220 and its role in cancer development. Further investigation is warranted to shed light on the role played by Kidins220 in the dynamic arrangement of the cytoskeleton and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and its implication in tumourigenesis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jun Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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9
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Upadhyay K, Park JE, Yoon TW, Halder P, Kim YI, Metcalfe V, Talati AJ, English BK, Yi AK. Group B Streptococci Induce Proinflammatory Responses via a Protein Kinase D1-Dependent Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4448-4457. [PMID: 28461572 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Group B streptococci (GBS) are one of the leading causes of life-threatening illness in neonates. Proinflammatory responses to GBS mediated through host innate immune receptors play a critical role in the disease manifestation. However, the mechanisms involved in proinflammatory responses against GBS, as well as the contribution of signaling modulators involved in host immune defense, have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the role of protein kinase D (PKD)1 in the proinflammatory responses to GBS. We found that both live and antibiotic-killed GBS induce activation of PKD1 through a pathway that is dependent on the TLR signaling adaptor MyD88 and its downstream kinase IL-1R-associated kinase 1, but independent of TNFR-associated factor 6. Our studies using pharmacological PKD inhibitors and PKD1-knockdown macrophages revealed that PKD1 is indispensable for GBS-mediated activation of MAPKs and NF-κB and subsequent expression of proinflammatory mediators. Furthermore, systemic administration of a PKD inhibitor protects d-galactosamine-sensitized mice from shock-mediated death caused by antibiotic-killed GBS. These findings imply that PKD1 plays a critical regulatory role in GBS-induced proinflammatory reactions and sepsis, and inhibition of PKD1 activation together with antibiotic treatment in GBS-infected neonates could be an effective way to control GBS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtikumar Upadhyay
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103
| | - Jeoung-Eun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Tae Won Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163; and
| | - Priyanka Halder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163; and
| | - Young-In Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103
| | - Victoria Metcalfe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163; and
| | - Ajay J Talati
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103
| | - B Keith English
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48912
| | - Ae-Kyung Yi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163; and
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10
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Saha AK, Dallo SF, Detmar AL, Osmulski P, Gaczynska M, Huang THM, Ramasubramanian AK. Cellular cholesterol regulates monocyte deformation. J Biomech 2016; 52:83-88. [PMID: 28082022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of cholesterol content on monocyte biomechanics remains understudied despite the well-established link between cholesterol and monocytes/macrophages in atherosclerosis, and the effect on other cell types. In this work, we have investigated the effect of cholesterol on monocyte deformability and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We altered the baseline cholesterol in human monocytic cell line THP-1, and investigated the changes in monocyte deformability using a custom microfluidic platform and atomic force microscopy. We observed that the cholesterol depletion lowered deformability while enrichment increased deformability compared to untreated cells. As a consequence of altered deformability, cholesterol depleted cells spread more on collagen-coated surfaces with elongated morphology, whereas cholesterol enriched cells had a more rounded morphology. We observed that the decreased deformability in cholesterol depleted cells, despite an increase in the fluidity of the membrane, is due to an increase in phosphorylation of Protein Kinase C (PKC), which translates to a higher degree of actin polymerization. Together, our results highlight the importance of biophysical regulation of monocyte response to cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Shatha F Dallo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ariana L Detmar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Pawel Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Maria Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Tim Hui-Ming Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anand K Ramasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, San José State University, San José, CA, United States.
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11
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Scholz-Starke J, Cesca F. Stepping Out of the Shade: Control of Neuronal Activity by the Scaffold Protein Kidins220/ARMS. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:68. [PMID: 27013979 PMCID: PMC4789535 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct functioning of the nervous system depends on the exquisitely fine control of neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity, which relies on an intricate network of protein-protein interactions and signaling that shapes neuronal homeostasis during development and in adulthood. In this complex scenario, Kinase D interacting substrate of 220 kDa/ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (Kidins220/ARMS) acts as a multi-functional scaffold protein with preferential expression in the nervous system. Engaged in a plethora of interactions with membrane receptors, cytosolic signaling components and cytoskeletal proteins, Kidins220/ARMS is implicated in numerous cellular functions including neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth and maturation and neuronal activity, often in the context of neurotrophin (NT) signaling pathways. Recent studies have highlighted a number of cell- and context-specific roles for this protein in the control of synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability, which are at present far from being completely understood. In addition, some evidence has began to emerge, linking alterations of Kidins220 expression to the onset of various neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we present a concise summary of our fragmentary knowledge of Kidins220/ARMS biological functions, focusing on the mechanism(s) by which it controls various aspects of neuronal activity. We have tried, where possible, to discuss the available evidence in the wider context of NT-mediated regulation, and to outline emerging roles of Kidins220/ARMS in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova, Italy
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12
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Kilbride P, Woodward HJ, Tan KB, Thanh NTK, Chu KME, Minogue S, Waugh MG. Modeling the effects of cyclodextrin on intracellular membrane vesicles from Cos-7 cells prepared by sonication and carbonate treatment. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1351. [PMID: 26528413 PMCID: PMC4627923 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol has important functions in the organization of membrane structure and this may be mediated via the formation of cholesterol-rich, liquid-ordered membrane microdomains often referred to as lipid rafts. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (cyclodextrin) is commonly used in cell biology studies to extract cholesterol and therefore disrupt lipid rafts. However, in this study we reassessed this experimental strategy and investigated the effects of cyclodextrin on the physical properties of sonicated and carbonate-treated intracellular membrane vesicles isolated from Cos-7 fibroblasts. We treated these membranes, which mainly originate from the trans-Golgi network and endosomes, with cyclodextrin and measured the effects on their equilibrium buoyant density, protein content, represented by the palmitoylated protein phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIα, and cholesterol. Despite the reduction in mass stemming from cholesterol removal, the vesicles became denser, indicating a possible large volumetric decrease, and this was confirmed by measurements of hydrodynamic vesicle size. Subsequent mathematical analyses demonstrated that only half of this change in membrane size was attributable to cholesterol loss. Hence, the non-selective desorption properties of cyclodextrin are also involved in membrane size and density changes. These findings may have implications for preceding studies that interpreted cyclodextrin-induced changes to membrane biochemistry in the context of lipid raft disruption without taking into account our finding that cyclodextrin treatment also reduces membrane size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kilbride
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Holly J Woodward
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Kuan Boone Tan
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Nguyễn T K Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - K M Emily Chu
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Shane Minogue
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Mark G Waugh
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, University College London , London , United Kingdom
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13
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Bencsik N, Szíber Z, Liliom H, Tárnok K, Borbély S, Gulyás M, Rátkai A, Szűcs A, Hazai-Novák D, Ellwanger K, Rácz B, Pfizenmaier K, Hausser A, Schlett K. Protein kinase D promotes plasticity-induced F-actin stabilization in dendritic spines and regulates memory formation. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:771-83. [PMID: 26304723 PMCID: PMC4555815 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201501114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PKD regulates the stabilization of the F-actin network within dendritic spines upon chemically induced plasticity changes and is needed for proper hippocampal LTP and spatial memory formation. Actin turnover in dendritic spines influences spine development, morphology, and plasticity, with functional consequences on learning and memory formation. In nonneuronal cells, protein kinase D (PKD) has an important role in stabilizing F-actin via multiple molecular pathways. Using in vitro models of neuronal plasticity, such as glycine-induced chemical long-term potentiation (LTP), known to evoke synaptic plasticity, or long-term depolarization block by KCl, leading to homeostatic morphological changes, we show that actin stabilization needed for the enlargement of dendritic spines is dependent on PKD activity. Consequently, impaired PKD functions attenuate activity-dependent changes in hippocampal dendritic spines, including LTP formation, cause morphological alterations in vivo, and have deleterious consequences on spatial memory formation. We thus provide compelling evidence that PKD controls synaptic plasticity and learning by regulating actin stability in dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Bencsik
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Szíber
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hanna Liliom
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Tárnok
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Borbély
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Gulyás
- MTA-ELTE-NAP B Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Rátkai
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szűcs
- MTA-ELTE-NAP B Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Hazai-Novák
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornelia Ellwanger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katalin Schlett
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary MTA-ELTE-NAP B Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Sánchez-Ruiloba L, Aicart-Ramos C, García-Guerra L, Pose-Utrilla J, Rodríguez-Crespo I, Iglesias T. Protein kinase D interacts with neuronal nitric oxide synthase and phosphorylates the activatory residue serine 1412. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95191. [PMID: 24740233 PMCID: PMC3989272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) is the biosynthetic enzyme responsible for nitric oxide (·NO) production in muscles and in the nervous system. This constitutive enzyme, unlike its endothelial and inducible counterparts, presents an N-terminal PDZ domain known to display a preference for PDZ-binding motifs bearing acidic residues at -2 position. In a previous work, we discovered that the C-terminal end of two members of protein kinase D family (PKD1 and PKD2) constitutes a PDZ-ligand. PKD1 has been shown to regulate multiple cellular processes and, when activated, becomes autophosphorylated at Ser916, a residue located at -2 position of its PDZ-binding motif. Since nNOS and PKD are spatially enriched in postsynaptic densities and dendrites, the main objective of our study was to determine whether PKD1 activation could result in a direct interaction with nNOS through their respective PDZ-ligand and PDZ domain, and to analyze the functional consequences of this interaction. Herein we demonstrate that PKD1 associates with nNOS in neurons and in transfected cells, and that kinase activation enhances PKD1-nNOS co-immunoprecipitation and subcellular colocalization. However, transfection of mammalian cells with PKD1 mutants and yeast two hybrid assays showed that the association of these two enzymes does not depend on PKD1 PDZ-ligand but its pleckstrin homology domain. Furthermore, this domain was able to pull-down nNOS from brain extracts and bind to purified nNOS, indicating that it mediates a direct PKD1-nNOS interaction. In addition, using mass spectrometry we demonstrate that PKD1 specifically phosphorylates nNOS in the activatory residue Ser1412, and that this phosphorylation increases nNOS activity and ·NO production in living cells. In conclusion, these novel findings reveal a crucial role of PKD1 in the regulation of nNOS activation and synthesis of ·NO, a mediator involved in physiological neuronal signaling or neurotoxicity under pathological conditions such as ischemic stroke or neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sánchez-Ruiloba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Aicart-Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Guerra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Pose-Utrilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Crespo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (IRC); (TI)
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (IRC); (TI)
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15
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Li G, Wang Y. Protein kinase D: a new player among the signaling proteins that regulate functions in the nervous system. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:497-504. [PMID: 24526660 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is an evolutionarily-conserved family of protein kinases. It has structural, regulatory, and enzymatic properties quite different from the PKC family. Many stimuli induce PKD signaling, including G-protein-coupled receptor agonists and growth factors. PKD1 is the most studied member of the family. It functions during cell proliferation, differentiation, secretion, cardiac hypertrophy, immune regulation, angiogenesis, and cancer. Previously, we found that PKD1 is also critically involved in pain modulation. Since then, a series of studies performed in our lab and by other groups have shown that PKDs also participate in other processes in the nervous system including neuronal polarity establishment, neuroprotection, and learning. Here, we discuss the connections between PKD structure, enzyme function, and localization, and summarize the recent findings on the roles of PKD-mediated signaling in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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16
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Roy B, Das T, Mishra D, Maiti TK, Chakraborty S. Oscillatory shear stress induced calcium flickers in osteoblast cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:289-99. [PMID: 24445362 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic physical microenvironment of bone affects the activity of osteoblast cells, yet little is known about how osteoblast mechanotransduction depends on different features of a dynamic stimulus. Here we investigated the effect of physiologically relevant oscillatory flow shear stress on the calcium mobility in osteoblast cells within a microfluidic platform that mimics the confined environment of bone matrix. We characterized the spatiotemporal evolution of intracellular calcium 'flickers', an important signature of cell activation, in response to steady, pulsatile, and oscillatory shear stress. We found that oscillatory flow induces surprisingly higher flicker activity than other flow types. We could further attribute this phenomenon to the opening of a stretch activated ion channel, namely TRPM7. We also found that localization of TRPM7 within the cholesterol-enriched lipid raft domains of plasma membranes is essential for its activity. Collectively our findings elucidated a candidate mechanism for the flow mediated stimulation of osteoblast cells. They therefore have implications towards unveiling various facets of bone formation and remodelling in healthy and diseased conditions, including bone-metastasis of various cancer types, diabetes, and inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhas Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute for Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur - 721302, India
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17
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Stipcevic T, Knight CP, Kippin TE. Stimulation of adult neural stem cells with a novel glycolipid biosurfactant. Acta Neurol Belg 2013; 113:501-6. [PMID: 23846482 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-013-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids are amphipathic molecules which are highly expressed on cell membranes in skin and brain where they mediate several key cellular processes. Neural stem cells are defined as undifferentiated, proliferative, multipotential cells with extensive self-renewal and are responsive to brain injury. Di-rhamnolipid: α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoic acid, also referred to as di-rhamnolipid BAC-3, is a glycolipid isolated from the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the previous studies, di-rhamnolipid enhanced dermal tissue healing and regeneration. The present study provides the first assessment of di-rhamnolipid, and glycolipid biosurfactants in general, on the nervous system. Treatment of neural stem cells isolated from the lateral ventricle of adult mice and cultured in defined media containing growth factors at 0.5 and 1 μg/ml of di-rhamnolipid increased the number of neurospheres (2.7- and 2.8-fold, respectively) compared to controls and this effect remained even after passaging in the absence of di-rhamnolipid. In addition, neural stem cells treated with di-rhamnolipid at 50 and 100 μg/ml in defined media supplemented with fetal calf serum and without growth factors exhibited increased cell viability, indicating an interaction between di-rhamnolipid and serum components in the regulation of neural stem cells and neuroprogenitors. Intracerebroventricular administration of di-rhamnolipid at 300 and 120 ng/day increased the number of neurospheres (1.3- and 1.63-fold, respectively) that could be derived from the anterior lateral ventricles of adult mice. These results indicate that di-rhamnolipid stimulates proliferation of neural stem cells and increases their endogenous pools which may have therapeutic potential in managing neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disorders and promoting nervous tissue regeneration following injury.
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18
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Ishiki M, Nishida Y, Ishibashi H, Wada T, Fujisaka S, Takikawa A, Urakaze M, Sasaoka T, Usui I, Tobe K. Impact of divergent effects of astaxanthin on insulin signaling in L6 cells. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2600-12. [PMID: 23715867 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because oxidative stress promotes insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes, it is crucial to find effective antioxidant for the purpose of decreasing this threat. In this study, we explored the effect of astaxanthin, a carotenoid antioxidant, on insulin signaling and investigated whether astaxanthin improves cytokine- and free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in vitro. We examined the effect of astaxanthin on insulin-stimulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation, glucose uptake, and insulin signaling in cultured rat L6 muscle cells using plasma membrane lawn assay, 2-deoxyglucose uptake, and Western blot analysis. Next, we examined the effect of astaxanthin on TNFα- and palmitate-induced insulin resistance. The amount of reactive oxygen species generated by TNFα or palmitate with or without astaxanthin was evaluated by dichlorofluorescein staining. We also compared the effect of astaxanthin on insulin signaling with that of other antioxidants, α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol. We observed astaxanthin enhanced insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake, which was associated with an increase in insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine and Akt phosphorylation and a decrease in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and insulin receptor substrate-1 serine 307 phosphorylation. Furthermore, astaxanthin restored TNFα- and palmitate-induced decreases in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation or glucose uptake with a concomitant decrease in reactive oxygen species generation. α-Lipoic acid enhanced Akt phosphorylation and decreased ERK and JNK phosphorylation, whereas α-tocopherol enhanced ERK and JNK phosphorylation but had little effect on Akt phosphorylation. Collectively these findings indicate astaxanthin is a very effective antioxidant for ameliorating insulin resistance by protecting cells from oxidative stress generated by various stimuli including TNFα and palmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ishiki
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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19
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López-Menéndez C, Gamir-Morralla A, Jurado-Arjona J, Higuero AM, Campanero MR, Ferrer I, Hernández F, Ávila J, Díaz-Guerra M, Iglesias T. Kidins220 accumulates with tau in human Alzheimer's disease and related models: modulation of its calpain-processing by GSK3β/PP1 imbalance. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 22:466-82. [PMID: 23118350 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Failures in neurotrophic support and signalling play key roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated that downregulation of the neurotrophin effector Kinase D interacting substrate (Kidins220) by excitotoxicity and cerebral ischaemia contributed to neuronal death. This downregulation, triggered through overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), involved proteolysis of Kidins220 by calpain and transcriptional inhibition. As excitotoxicity is at the basis of AD aetiology, we hypothesized that Kidins220 might also be downregulated in this disease. Unexpectedly, Kidins220 is augmented in necropsies from AD patients where it accumulates with hyperphosphorylated tau. This increase correlates with enhanced Kidins220 resistance to calpain processing but no higher gene transcription. Using AD brain necropsies, glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3β)-transgenic mice and cell models of AD-related neurodegeneration, we show that GSK3β phosphorylation decreases Kidins220 susceptibility to calpain proteolysis, while protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) action has the opposite effect. As altered activities of GSK3β and phosphatases are involved in tau aggregation and constitute hallmarks in AD, a GSK3β/PP1 imbalance may also contribute to Kidins220 decreased clearance, accumulation and hampered neurotrophin signalling from early stages of the disease pathogenesis. These results encourage searches for mutations in Kidins220 gene and their possible associations to dementias. Finally, our data support a model where the effects of excitotoxicity drastically differ when occurring in cerebral ischaemia versus progressively sustained toxicity along AD progression. The striking differences in Kidins220 stability resulting from chronic versus acute brain damage may also have important implications for the therapeutic intervention of neurodegenerative disorders.
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20
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Teixeira G, Vieira LB, Gomez MV, Guatimosim C. Cholesterol as a key player in the balance of evoked and spontaneous glutamate release in rat brain cortical synaptosomes. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:1151-9. [PMID: 22940694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane rafts are domains enriched in sphingolipids, glycolipids and cholesterol that are able to compartmentalize cellular processes. Noteworthy, many proteins have been assigned to membrane rafts including those related to the control of the synaptic vesicle release machinery, which is a important step for neurotransmission between synapses. In this work, we have investigated the role of cholesterol in key steps of glutamate release in isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) from rat brain cortices. Incubation of synaptosomes with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) induced glutamate release in a dose-dependent fashion. HγCD, a cyclodextrin with low affinity for cholesterol, had no significant effect on spontaneous glutamate release. When we evaluated the effects of MβCD on glutamate release induced by depolarizing stimuli, we observed that MβCD treatment inhibited the KCl-evoked glutamate release. The glutamate release induced by MβCD was not altered by treatment with EGTA nor with EGTA-AM. The KCl-evoked glutamate release was no further inhibited when synaptosomes were incubated with MβCD in the absence of calcium. We therefore investigated whether the cholesterol removal by MβCD changes intrasynaptosomal sodium and calcium levels. Our results suggested that the cholesterol removal effect on spontaneous and evoked glutamate release might be upstream to sodium and calcium entry through voltage-activated channels. We therefore tested if MβCD would have a direct effect on synaptic vesicle exocytosis and we showed that cholesterol removal by MβCD induced spontaneous exocytosis and inhibited synaptic vesicle exocytosis evoked by depolarizing stimuli. Lastly, we investigated the effect of protein kinase inhibitors on the spontaneous exocytosis evoked by MβCD and we observed a statistically significant reduction of synaptic vesicles exocytosis. In conclusion, our work shows that cholesterol removal facilitates protein kinase activation that favors spontaneous synaptic vesicles and consequently glutamate release in isolated nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Teixeira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Sancho V, Nuche-Berenguer B, Jensen RT. The Src kinase Yes is activated in pancreatic acinar cells by gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters, but not pancreatic growth factors, which stimulate its association with numerous other signaling molecules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1823:1285-94. [PMID: 22617836 PMCID: PMC3404614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For growth factors, cytokines, G-protein-coupled receptors and numerous other stimuli, the Src Family of kinases (SFK) play a central signaling role. SFKs also play an important role in pancreatic acinar cell function including metabolism, secretion, endocytosis, growth and cytoskeletal integrity, although the specific SFKs involved are not fully known. In the present study we used specific antibodies for the SFK, Yes, to determine its presence, activation by pancreatic secretagogues or growth factors, and interaction with cellular signaling cascades mediated by CCK in which Yes participates in to cause acinar cell responses. Yes was identified in acini and secretagogues known to activate phospholipase C (PLC) [CCK, carbachol, bombesin] as well as post-receptor stimulants activating PKC [TPA] or mobilizing cellular calcium [thapsigargin/calcium ionophore (A23187)] each activated Yes. Secretin, which activates adenylate cyclase did not stimulate Yes, nor did pancreatic growth factors. CCK activation of Yes required both high- and low-affinity CCK(1)-receptor states. TPA-/CCK-stimulated Yes activation was completely inhibited by thapsigargin and the PKC inhibitor, GF109203X. CCK/TPA stimulated the association of Yes with focal adhesion kinases (Pyk2, FAK) and its autophosphorylated forms (pY397FAK, pY402Pyk2). Moreover, CCK/TPA stimulated Yes interacted with a number of other signaling proteins, including Shc, PKD, p130(Cas), PI3K and PTEN. This study demonstrates that in rat pancreatic acini, the SFK member Yes is expressed and activated by CCK and other gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters. Because its activation results in the direct activation of many cellular signaling cascades that have been shown to mediate CCK's effect in acinar cell function our results suggest that it is one of the important pancreatic SFKs mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Sancho
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
| | - Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
| | - R. T. Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA
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Neubrand VE, Cesca F, Benfenati F, Schiavo G. Kidins220/ARMS as a functional mediator of multiple receptor signalling pathways. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1845-54. [PMID: 22562556 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that several membrane receptors--in addition to activating distinct signalling cascades--also engage in substantial crosstalk with each other, thereby adjusting their signalling outcome as a function of specific input information. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control their coordination and integration of downstream signalling. A protein that is likely to have a role in this process is kinase-D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa [Kidins220, also known as ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (ARMS), hereafter referred to as Kidins220/ARMS]. Kidins220/ARMS is a conserved membrane protein that is preferentially expressed in the nervous system and interacts with the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton. It interacts with neurotrophin, ephrin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glutamate receptors, and is a common downstream target of several trophic stimuli. Kidins220/ARMS is required for neuronal differentiation and survival, and its expression levels modulate synaptic plasticity. Kidins220/ARMS knockout mice show developmental defects mainly in the nervous and cardiovascular systems, suggesting a crucial role for this protein in modulating the cross talk between different signalling pathways. In this Commentary, we summarise existing knowledge regarding the physiological functions of Kidins220/ARMS, and highlight some interesting directions for future studies on the role of this protein in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika E Neubrand
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Armilla, Granada, Spain
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23
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Rozengurt E. Protein kinase D signaling: multiple biological functions in health and disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2011; 26:23-33. [PMID: 21357900 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00037.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase family with structural, enzymological, and regulatory properties different from the PKC family members. Signaling through PKD is induced by a remarkable number of stimuli, including G-protein-coupled receptor agonists and polypeptide growth factors. PKD1, the most studied member of the family, is increasingly implicated in the regulation of a complex array of fundamental biological processes, including signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, membrane trafficking, secretion, immune regulation, cardiac hypertrophy and contraction, angiogenesis, and cancer. PKD mediates such a diverse array of normal and abnormal biological functions via dynamic changes in its spatial and temporal localization, combined with its distinct substrate specificity. Studies on PKD thus far indicate a striking diversity of both its signal generation and distribution and its potential for complex regulatory interactions with multiple downstream pathways, often regulating the subcellular localization of its targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Jean-Mairet RM, López-Menéndez C, Sánchez-Ruiloba L, Sacristán S, Rodríguez-Martínez M, Riol-Blanco L, Sánchez-Mateos P, Sánchez-Madrid F, Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Campanero MR, Iglesias T. The neuronal protein Kidins220/ARMS associates with ICAM-3 and other uropod components and regulates T-cell motility. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:1035-46. [PMID: 21381019 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Kinase D interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220), also known as ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (ARMS), is a protein that is mainly expressed in brain and neural cells where its function is only starting to be characterized. Here, we show that Kidins220/ARMS is also expressed in T lymphocytes where it is highly concentrated at the uropod of polarized T cells. In this cellular model, Kidins220/ARMS colocalizes with typical uropod T-cell molecules and coimmunoprecipitates with ICAM-3. Furthermore, Kidins220/ARMS associates with raft domains at the uropod and coimmunoprecipitates with caveolin-1, a molecule we show here to be also expressed in T cells. Importantly, induction of morphological polarization in primary T lymphocytes and Jurkat cells enhances Kidins220/ARMS colocalization with ICAM-3. Conversely, disruption of cell polarity provokes Kidins220/ARMS redistribution from the uropod to other cellular regions and drastically impairs its association with ICAM-3 in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. Finally, Kidins220/ARMS knockdown in human polarized T-cell lines promotes both basal and stromal cell-derived factor-1α-induced directed migration, identifying a novel function for this molecule. Altogether, our findings show that Kidins220/ARMS is a novel component of the uropod involved in the regulation of T-cell motility, an essential process for the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martín Jean-Mairet
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Abstract
Synaptic vesicles have a high sterol content, but the importance of vesicular sterols during vesicle recycling is unclear. We used the Drosophila temperature-sensitive dynamin mutant, shibire-ts1, to block endocytosis of recycling synaptic vesicles and to trap them reversibly at the plasma membrane where they were accessible to sterol extraction. Depletion of sterols from trapped vesicles prevented recovery of synaptic transmission after removal of the endocytic block. Measurement of vesicle recycling with synaptopHluorin, FM1-43, and FM4-64 demonstrated impaired membrane retrieval after vesicular sterol depletion. When plasma membrane sterols were extracted before vesicle trapping, no vesicle recycling defects were observed. Ultrastructural analysis indicated accumulation of endosomes and a defect in the formation of synaptic vesicles in synaptic terminals subjected to vesicular sterol depletion. Our results demonstrate the importance of a high vesicular sterol concentration for endocytosis and suggest that vesicular and membrane sterol pools do not readily intermingle during vesicle recycling.
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Park HJ, Park HW, Lee SJ, Arevalo JC, Park YS, Lee SP, Paik KS, Chao MV, Chang MS. Ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning/Kidins220 protein interacts with mammalian Septin 5. Mol Cells 2010; 30:143-8. [PMID: 20680483 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophin receptors utilize specific adaptor proteins to activate signaling pathways involved in various neuronal functions, such as neurite outgrowth and cytoskeletal remodeling. The Ankyrin-Repeat Rich Membrane Spanning (ARMS)/kinase D-interacting substrate-220 kDa (Kidins220) serves as a unique downstream adaptor protein of Trk receptor tyrosine kinases. To gain insight into the role of ARMS/Kidins220, a yeast two-hybrid screen of a rat dorsal root ganglion library was performed using the C-terminal region of ARMS/Kidins220 as bait. The screen identified a mammalian septin, Septin 5 (Sept5), as an interacting protein. Co-immunoprecipitation using lysates from transiently transfected HEK-293 cells revealed the specific interaction between ARMS/Kidins220 and Sept5. Endogenous ARMS/Kidins220 and Sept5 proteins were colocalized in primary hippocampal neurons and were also predominantly expressed at the plasma membrane and in the tips of growing neurites in nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells. Mapping of Sept5 domains important for ARMS/Kidins220 binding revealed a highly conserved N-terminal region of Sept5. The direct interaction between ARMS/Kidins220 and Sept5 suggests a possible role of ARMS/Kidins220 as a functional link between neurotrophin receptors and septins to mediate neurotrophin-induced intracellular signaling events, such as neurite outgrowth and cytoskeletal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jeong Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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27
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Role of protein kinase D signaling in pancreatic cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1946-54. [PMID: 20621068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with dismal survival rates. Its intransigence to conventional therapy renders PDAC an aggressive disease with early metastatic potential. Thus, novel targets for PDAC therapy are urgently needed. Multiple signal transduction pathways are implicated in progression of PDAC. These pathways stimulate production of intracellular messengers in their target cells to modify their behavior, including the lipid-derived diacylglycerol (DAG). One of the prominent intracellular targets of DAG is the protein kinase C (PKC) family. However, the mechanisms by which PKC-mediated signals are decoded by the cell remain incompletely understood. Protein kinase D1 (PKD or PKD1, initially called atypical PKCμ), is the founding member of a novel protein kinase family that includes two additional protein kinases that share extensive overall homology with PKD, termed PKD2, and PKD3. The PKD family occupies a unique position in the signal transduction pathways initiated by DAG and PKC. PKD lies downstream of PKCs in a novel signal transduction pathway implicated in the regulation of multiple fundamental biological processes. We and others have shown that PKD-mediated signaling pathways promote mitogenesis and angiogenesis in PDAC. Our recent observations demonstrate that PKD also potentiates chemoresistance and invasive potential of PDAC cells. This review will briefly highlight diverse biological roles of PKD family in multiple neoplasias including PDAC. Further, this review will underscore our latest advancement with the development of a potent PKD family inhibitor and its effect both in vitro and in vivo in PDAC.
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Carrasquero LMG, Delicado EG, Sánchez-Ruiloba L, Iglesias T, Miras-Portugal MT. Mechanisms of protein kinase D activation in response to P2Y(2) and P2X7 receptors in primary astrocytes. Glia 2010; 58:984-95. [PMID: 20222145 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a family of serine/threonine kinases that can be activated by many stimuli via protein kinase C in a variety of cells. This is the first report where PKD activation and localization is studied in glial cells. Herein, we demonstrate that P2Y(2) and P2X7 receptor stimulation of primary rat cerebellar astrocytes rapidly increases PKD1/2 phosphorylation and activity. P2Y(2) receptor response evokes a PKD1/2 activation that is dependent on a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein, phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated generation of diacylglycerol, and protein kinase C. This mechanism is similar to the one described for other G-protein coupled receptors. In contrast, the way the ionotropic P2X7 receptor activates PKD1/2 is significantly different. Importantly, this response is not dependent on calcium entry, but depends on the activity of several phospholipases, including phosphoinositide-phospholipase C (PI-PLC), phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and also phospholipase D (PLD). Immunoblot and confocal microscopy analysis show that PKD1/2 activation by nucleotides is transient. The active kinase first moves to and concentrates in certain plasma membrane domains. Then, phosphorylated-PKD1/2 translocates to intracellular vesicles, where it remains active. All together, our results open the perspective of PKD1/2 being involved in many physiological functions where nucleotides play important roles not only in astrocytes but in other cell types bearing these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María G Carrasquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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29
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Cholesterol-dependent kinase activity regulates transmitter release from cerebellar synapses. J Neurosci 2010; 30:6116-21. [PMID: 20427669 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0170-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in membrane cholesterol content can alter protein kinase activity, however, it is not known whether kinases regulating transmitter release are sensitive to membrane cholesterol content. Here we have used the cholesterol extracting agent methyl-beta-cyclodextrin to measure the effects of acute cholesterol reduction on transmitter release from cultured cerebellar neurons. Cholesterol depletion increased the frequency of spontaneous transmitter release without altering the amplitude and time course of mEPSCs. Evoked transmitter release was decreased by cholesterol extraction and the paired pulse ratio was also decreased. Alterations in synaptic transmission were not associated with failure of action potential generation or changes in presynaptic Ca(2+) signaling. Both the increase in mEPSC frequency and the change in paired pulse ratio were blocked by the broad spectrum protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. The increase in mEPSC frequency was also sensitive to selective inhibitors of PKC and PKA. Our results therefore demonstrate that the activity of presynaptic protein kinases that regulate spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release is sensitive to changes of membrane cholesterol content.
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30
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Nhek S, Ngo M, Yang X, Ng MM, Field SJ, Asara JM, Ridgway ND, Toker A. Regulation of oxysterol-binding protein Golgi localization through protein kinase D-mediated phosphorylation. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:2327-37. [PMID: 20444975 PMCID: PMC2893995 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-02-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a critical regulator of Golgi structure and function. Biochemical evidence is presented that demonstrates the oxysterol-binding protein OSBP as a novel PKD substrate. Phosphorylation inhibits OSBP Golgi localization, impairs CERT Golgi localization, and promotes Golgi fragmentation. Protein kinase D (PKD) plays a critical role at the trans-Golgi network by regulating the fission of transport carriers destined for the plasma membrane. Two known Golgi-localized PKD substrates, PI4-kinase IIIβ and the ceramide transfer protein CERT, mediate PKD signaling to influence vesicle trafficking to the plasma membrane and sphingomyelin synthesis, respectively. PKD is recruited and activated at the Golgi through interaction with diacylglycerol, a pool of which is generated as a by-product of sphingomyelin synthesis from ceramide. Here we identify a novel substrate of PKD at the Golgi, the oxysterol-binding protein OSBP. Using a substrate-directed phospho-specific antibody that recognizes the optimal PKD consensus motif, we show that PKD phosphorylates OSBP at Ser240 in vitro and in cells. We further show that OSBP phosphorylation occurs at the Golgi. Phosphorylation of OSBP by PKD does not modulate dimerization, sterol binding, or affinity for PI(4)P. Instead, phosphorylation attenuates OSBP Golgi localization in response to 25-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol depletion, impairs CERT Golgi localization, and promotes Golgi fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokha Nhek
- Departments of Pathology and Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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31
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López-Menéndez C, Gascón S, Sobrado M, Vidaurre OG, Higuero AM, Rodríguez-Peña A, Iglesias T, Díaz-Guerra M. Kidins220/ARMS downregulation by excitotoxic activation of NMDARs reveals its involvement in neuronal survival and death pathways. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:3554-65. [PMID: 19759287 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.056473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional and protein interactions between the N-methyl-D-aspartate type of glutamate receptor (NMDAR) and neurotrophin or ephrin receptors play essential roles in neuronal survival and differentiation. A shared downstream effector for neurotrophin- and ephrin-receptor signaling is kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220), also known as ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (ARMS). Because this molecule is obligatory for neurotrophin-induced differentiation, we investigated whether Kidins220/ARMS and NMDAR functions were related. Here, we identify an association between these proteins and discover that excitotoxicity, a specific form of neuronal death induced by NMDAR overstimulation, dramatically decreases Kidins220/ARMS levels in cortical neurons and in a model of cerebral ischemia. Kidins220/ARMS downregulation is triggered by overactivation of NMDARs containing NR2B subunits and subsequent Ca(2+) influx, and involves a dual mechanism: rapid cleavage by the Ca(2+)-dependent protease calpain and calpain-independent silencing of Kidins220/Arms gene transcription. Additionally, Kidins220/ARMS knockdown decreases ERK activation and basal neuronal viability, and enhances neuronal death under excitotoxic conditions. Our results demonstrate Kidins220/ARMS participation in neuronal life and death pathways, and constitute the first report of its regulation under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia López-Menéndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Madrid, Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Higuero AM, Sánchez-Ruiloba L, Doglio LE, Portillo F, Abad-Rodríguez J, Dotti CG, Iglesias T. Kidins220/ARMS modulates the activity of microtubule-regulating proteins and controls neuronal polarity and development. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:1343-57. [PMID: 19903810 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.024703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In order for neurons to perform their function, they must establish a highly polarized morphology characterized, in most of the cases, by a single axon and multiple dendrites. Herein we find that the evolutionarily conserved protein Kidins220 (kinase D-interacting substrate of 220-kDa), also known as ARMS (ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning), a downstream effector of protein kinase D and neurotrophin and ephrin receptors, regulates the establishment of neuronal polarity and development of dendrites. Kidins220/ARMS gain and loss of function experiments render severe phenotypic changes in the processes extended by hippocampal neurons in culture. Although Kidins220/ARMS early overexpression hinders neuronal development, its down-regulation by RNA interference results in the appearance of multiple longer axon-like extensions as well as aberrant dendritic arbors. We also find that Kidins220/ARMS interacts with tubulin and microtubule-regulating molecules whose role in neuronal morphogenesis is well established (microtubule-associated proteins 1b, 1a, and 2 and two members of the stathmin family). Importantly, neurons where Kidins220/ARMS has been knocked down register changes in the phosphorylation activity of MAP1b and stathmins. Altogether, our results indicate that Kidins220/ARMS is a key modulator of the activity of microtubule-regulating proteins known to actively regulate neuronal morphogenesis and suggest a mechanism by which it contributes to control neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso M Higuero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Madrid Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain
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33
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Borot F, Vieu DL, Faure G, Fritsch J, Colas J, Moriceau S, Baudouin-Legros M, Brouillard F, Ayala-Sanmartin J, Touqui L, Chanson M, Edelman A, Ollero M. Eicosanoid release is increased by membrane destabilization and CFTR inhibition in Calu-3 cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7116. [PMID: 19847291 PMCID: PMC2760709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiinflammatory protein annexin-1 (ANXA1) and the adaptor S100A10 (p11), inhibit cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) by direct interaction. Since the latter is responsible for the cleavage of arachidonic acid at membrane phospholipids, all three proteins modulate eicosanoid production. We have previously shown the association of ANXA1 expression with that of CFTR, the multifactorial protein mutated in cystic fibrosis. This could in part account for the abnormal inflammatory status characteristic of this disease. We postulated that CFTR participates in the regulation of eicosanoid release by direct interaction with a complex containing ANXA1, p11 and cPLA2α. We first analyzed by plasmon surface resonance the in vitro binding of CFTR to the three proteins. A significant interaction between p11 and the NBD1 domain of CFTR was found. We observed in Calu-3 cells a rapid and partial redistribution of all four proteins in detergent resistant membranes (DRM) induced by TNF-α. This was concomitant with increased IL-8 synthesis and cPLA2α activation, ultimately resulting in eicosanoid (PGE2 and LTB4) overproduction. DRM destabilizing agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin induced further cPLA2α activation and eicosanoid release, but inhibited IL-8 synthesis. We tested in parallel the effect of short exposure of cells to CFTR inhibitors Inh172 and Gly-101. Both inhibitors induced a rapid increase in eicosanoid production. Longer exposure to Inh172 did not increase further eicosanoid release, but inhibited TNF-α-induced relocalization to DRM. These results show that (i) CFTR may form a complex with cPLA2α and ANXA1 via interaction with p11, (ii) CFTR inhibition and DRM disruption induce eicosanoid synthesis, and (iii) suggest that the putative cPLA2/ANXA1/p11/CFTR complex may participate in the modulation of the TNF-α-induced production of eicosanoids, pointing to the importance of membrane composition and CFTR function in the regulation of inflammation mediator synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Borot
- INSERM, U845, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Diane-Lore Vieu
- INSERM, U845, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Grazyna Faure
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Immunologie Structurale, CNRS, URA 2185, Paris, France
| | - Janine Fritsch
- INSERM, U845, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Julien Colas
- INSERM, U845, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Moriceau
- INSERM, U845, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Franck Brouillard
- INSERM, U845, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Lhousseine Touqui
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Défense Innée et Inflammation, INSERM, U874, Paris, France
| | - Marc Chanson
- Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique III, Hôpitaux Universitaires et Faculté de Médecine, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Aleksander Edelman
- INSERM, U845, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- INSERM, U845, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Cowell CF, Yan IK, Eiseler T, Leightner AC, Döppler H, Storz P. Loss of cell-cell contacts induces NF-kappaB via RhoA-mediated activation of protein kinase D1. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:714-28. [PMID: 19173301 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell contacts mediated by cadherins are known to inhibit the small Rho-GTPase RhoA. We here show that in epithelial cells the disruption of these cell-cell contacts as mediated by a calcium switch leads to actin re-organization and the activation of RhoA. We identified the serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D1 (PKD1) as a downstream target for RhoA in this pathway. After disruption of cell-cell contacts, PKD1 relayed RhoA activation to the induction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. We found that a signaling complex composed of the kinases ROCK, novel protein kinase C (nPKC), and Src family kinases (SFKs) is upstream of PKD1 and crucial for RhoA-mediated NF-kappaB activation. In conclusion, our data suggest a previously undescribed signaling pathway of how RhoA is activated by loss of cell-cell adhesions and by which it mediates the activation of NF-kappaB. We propose that this pathway is of relevance for epithelial tumor cell biology, where loss of cell-cell contacts has been implicated in regulating cell survival and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Cowell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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Park JE, Kim YI, Yi AK. Protein kinase D1: a new component in TLR9 signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:2044-55. [PMID: 18641342 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is expressed ubiquitously and regulates diverse cellular processes such as oxidative stress, gene expression, cell survival, and vesicle trafficking. However, the presence and function of PKD1 in monocytic cells are currently unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that PKD1 is involved in TLR9 signaling in macrophages. Class B-type CpG DNA (CpG-B DNA) induced activation of PKD1 via a pathway that is dependent on endosomal pH, TLR9, MyD88, and IL-1R-associated kinase 1 in macrophages. Upon CpG-B DNA stimulation, PKD1 interacted with the TLR9/MyD88/IL-1R-associated kinase/TNFR-associated factor 6 complex. Knockdown of PKD1 revealed that PKD1 is required for activation of NF-kappaB and MAPKs, and subsequent expression of cytokines in response to CpG-B DNA. Our findings identify PKD1 as a key signaling modulator in TLR9-mediated macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeoung-Eun Park
- Children's Foundation Research Center at Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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Cortés RY, Arévalo JC, Magby JP, Chao MV, Plummer MR. Developmental and activity-dependent regulation of ARMS/Kidins220 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Dev Neurobiol 2007; 67:1687-98. [PMID: 17587220 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophin activation of Trk receptors elicits diverse effects on neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. One of the central questions is how specificity is encoded in neurotrophin receptor signaling and actions. A unique downstream protein is the Ankyrin-Repeat Rich Membrane Spanning (ARMS)/Kinase D-interacting substrate-220 kDa (Kidins220), a very abundant scaffold protein in the hippocampus. To determine the roles of ARMS/Kidins220 in hippocampal neurons, we have analyzed the effects of synaptic activity upon the regulation and distribution of ARMS/Kidins220. At early times in vitro (<7 DIV), synaptic activity was low and ARMS/Kidins220 levels were high. As synaptic activity and markers for synapse maturation, such as PSD-95, increased, ARMS/Kidins220 significantly decreased to a plateau by later times in vitro (>12 DIV). Immunocytochemistry showed ARMS/Kidins220 to be concentrated at the tips of growing processes in immature cultures, and more diffusely distributed in older cultures. To examine the apparent inverse relationship between activity and ARMS/Kidins220 levels, neuronal firing was manipulated pharmacologically. Chronic exposure to TTX increased ARMS/Kidins220 levels, whereas bicuculline caused the opposite effect. Moreover, using shRNA to decrease ARMS/Kidins220 levels produced a corresponding increase in synaptic activity. We find that ARMS/Kidins220 may function in neuronal development as an indicator and potentially as a homeostatic regulator of overall synaptic strength in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Y Cortés
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Nelson Laboratories, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Li J, Chen LA, Townsend CM, Evers BM. PKD1, PKD2, and their substrate Kidins220 regulate neurotensin secretion in the BON human endocrine cell line. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:2614-21. [PMID: 18048355 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707513200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) is a gut peptide that plays an important role in gastrointestinal secretion, motility, and growth as well as the proliferation of NT receptor-positive cancers. Protein kinase D (PKD) family members (PKD1, 2, and 3) have been identified as important regulators of secretory transport at the trans-Golgi network. Previously, we showed that PKD1 contributes to stimulated NT secretion; however, the mechanisms are not entirely clear. Here, we show that Kidins220, which is a substrate of PKD proteins in neuroendocrine cells, is localized in the ends of the processes of BON cells, similar to the expression pattern of NT vesicles, and translocates to the membrane and large vesicle-like structures formed in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment. The short hairpin RNA targeting Kidins220 inhibits NT secretion in parental BON cells or BON cells stably expressing the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor treated with either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or bombesin, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that endogenous PKD1, PKD2, and Kidins220 co-exist with NT-containing vesicles. Overexpression of the kinase-dead PKD1 abrogates Kidins220 expression and NT vesicle formation. Our data establish a physiological link between the PKD/Kidins220 pathway and NT-containing vesicles and suggest the role of this pathway in the regulation of hormone secretion. Because NT is an important gut hormone that affects secretion, inflammation, and both normal and tumor cell growth, our findings identify a novel signaling pathway that may be amenable to drug targeting for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Surgery and Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Haworth RS, Roberts NA, Cuello F, Avkiran M. Regulation of protein kinase D activity in adult myocardium: novel counter-regulatory roles for protein kinase Cepsilon and protein kinase A. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 43:686-95. [PMID: 17964599 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is activated downstream of protein kinase C (PKC) in many cell types, although little is known about the mechanisms that regulate PKD in adult myocardium. Exposure of cultured adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM) to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 100 nM for 5 min) activated PKD, as evidenced by significantly increased phosphorylation at Ser744/8 (PKC phosphorylation sites) and Ser916 (autophosphorylation site). PKD activation occurred concomitantly with translocation of the enzyme from the cytosolic to the particulate fraction. The role of PKC was confirmed by pretreatment (15 min) of ARVM with the PKC inhibitors GF109203X (1 microM) and Ro31-8220 (1 microM), both of which prevented PKD phosphorylation on subsequent exposure to PMA. Exposure of ARVM to endothelin-1 (ET1; 100 nM for 10 min) also activated PKD by a PKC-dependent mechanism. To determine the PKC isoform(s) involved in the ET1-induced PKD activation, ARVM were infected with adenoviral vectors encoding dominant-negative (DN) mutants of PKCalpha, PKCdelta and PKCepsilon. Expression of DN-PKCalpha and DN-PKCdelta had little effect on ET1-induced PKD activation, whilst this was significantly attenuated by expression of DN-PKCepsilon, indicating that PKCepsilon plays a predominant role in the pertinent ET1 signaling pathway. Intriguingly, prior exposure to the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin (1 microM for 5 min) or the beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline (100 nM for 5 min) markedly attenuated ET1-induced PKD activation, but not PMA-induced PKD activation. The ET1-induced response was rescued when protein kinase A (PKA) was inhibited (H89, 10 microM) before exposure to isoprenaline. These results show that ET1-induced PKD activation in ARVM is mediated by PKC, primarily the PKCepsilon isoform, and is suppressed by PKA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Haworth
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
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Masiá S, Alvarez S, de Lera AR, Barettino D. Rapid, nongenomic actions of retinoic acid on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling pathway mediated by the retinoic acid receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21:2391-402. [PMID: 17595318 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells results in activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, and this activation is required for RA-induced differentiation. Here we show that RA activates PI3K and ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathways through a rapid, nongenomic mechanism that does not require new gene transcription or newly synthesized proteins. Activation of PI3K by RA appears to involve the classical nuclear receptor, retinoic acid receptor (RAR), on the basis of the pharmacological profile of the activation, loss, and gain of function experiments with mouse embryo fibroblast-RAR(alpha beta gamma)(L-/L-) null cells, and the physical association between liganded RAR and PI3K activity. The association of RAR with the two subunits of PI3K was differentially regulated by the ligand. Immunoprecipitation experiments performed in SH-SY5Y cells showed stable association between RARalpha and p85, the regulatory subunit of PI3K, independently of the presence of RA. In contrast, ligand administration increased the association of p110, the catalytic subunit of PI3K, to this complex. The intracellular localization of RAR proved to be relevant for PI3K activation. A chimerical RAR fusing c-Src myristylation domain to the N terminus of RARalpha (Myr-RARalpha) was targeted to plasma membrane. Transfection of Myr-RARalpha to mouse embryo fibroblast-RAR(alpha beta gamma)(L-/L-) null cells and COS-7 cells results in strong activation of the PI3K signaling pathway, although both in the absence as well in the presence of RA. Our results support a mechanism in which ligand binding to RAR would play a major role in the assembly and intracellular location of a signaling complex involving RAR and the subunits of PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Masiá
- Biology of Hormone Action Unit, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology and Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia [Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas], E-46010 Valencia, Spain
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Hatano T, Kubo SI, Imai S, Maeda M, Ishikawa K, Mizuno Y, Hattori N. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 associates with lipid rafts. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:678-90. [PMID: 17341485 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a causative gene for the autosomal dominant form of Parkinson's disease (PD). The gene encodes the approximately 280 kDa LRRK2 protein composed of domains such as leucine-rich repeats, Ras in complex proteins (Roc) followed by C-terminal of Roc (COR), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) and WD40. However, the normal function of the protein as well as its contribution to the pathogenesis of PD remains largely unknown. Here we describe the localization of LRRK2 in Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane and synaptic vesicles in cultured cells including mouse primary neurons. The membrane association of LRRK2 resists solubilization by ice-cold 1% Triton X-100, indicating its association through lipid rafts. To investigate whether mutations found in PD patients affect the localization of LRRK2, we transfected various LRRK2 mutants into cultured cells and performed fractionation experiments. Unexpectedly, the mutants are collected in both membrane and soluble fractions in a manner similar to wild type (WT). I2020T mutant LRRK2 associates with lipid rafts, similar to the WT. The lipid raft association of LRRK2 mutants as well as WT LRRK2 suggests that alteration of LRRK2 function on lipid rafts contributes to the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Song MJ, Wang YQ, Wu GC. Lipopolysaccharide-induced protein kinase D activation mediated by interleukin-1beta and protein kinase C. Brain Res 2007; 1145:19-27. [PMID: 17331478 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD), a newly described serine/threonine kinase, has been implicated in many signal transduction pathways. The present study was designed to determine whether and how PKD is activated in inflammation. The results demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 microg/ml) stimulated PKD and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation in spinal neurons within 0.5 h, and the activation reached a maximum at 3 or 8 h and declined at 12 h. The phosphorylation could be inhibited by the selective inhibitors for PKC (100 nM), mainly for PKCalpha and PKCbeta, suggesting the involvement of the PKC pathway. Particularly, PKCalpha might be critical for LPS-induced PKD activation since the PKCbeta inhibitor (100 nM) observed no effect on the phosphorylation of PKD. Furthermore, the expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was significantly induced by LPS within 0.5 h, and reached a maximum at 8 h. IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibited PKD and PKCs activation induced by LPS at a concentration of 50 nM and achieved maximum at 1000 nM. These results demonstrated for the first time that PKD could be activated by LPS in spinal neurons, might via the IL-1beta/PKCalpha pathway. Additionally, immunostaining showed an increase in number of phosphorylated PKD-immunoreactive cells of adult spinal dorsal horn induced by intraplantar injected carrageenan (2 microg/100 microl), and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to IL-1 receptor type I (50 microg/10 microl, intrathecal injected) inhibited the PKD activation, suggesting an involvement of IL-1beta/PKD pathway in inflammation in adult spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Juan Song
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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42
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Berna MJ, Hoffmann KM, Tapia JA, Thill M, Pace A, Mantey SA, Jensen RT. CCK causes PKD1 activation in pancreatic acini by signaling through PKC-delta and PKC-independent pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1773:483-501. [PMID: 17306383 PMCID: PMC1924924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2006] [Revised: 12/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is involved in cellular processes including protein secretion, proliferation and apoptosis. Studies suggest PKD1 is activated by various stimulants including gastrointestinal (GI) hormones/neurotransmitters and growth factors in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway. However, little is known about the mechanisms of PKD1 activation in physiologic GI tissues. We explored PKD1 activation by GI hormones/neurotransmitters and growth factors and the mediators involved in rat pancreatic acini. Only hormones/neurotransmitters activating phospholipase C caused PKD1 phosphorylation (S916, S744/748). CCK activated PKD1 and caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in serine phosphorylation by activation of high- and low-affinity CCK(A) receptor states. Inhibition of CCK-stimulated increases in phospholipase C, PKC activity or intracellular calcium decreased PKD1 S916 phosphorylation by 56%, 62% and 96%, respectively. PKC inhibitors GF109203X/Go6976/Go6983/PKC-zeta pseudosubstrate caused a 62/43/49/0% inhibition of PKD1 S916 phosphorylation and an 87/13/82/0% inhibition of PKD1 S744/748 phosphorylation. Expression of dominant negative PKC-delta, but not PKC-epsilon, or treatment with PKC-delta translocation inhibitor caused marked inhibition of PKD phosphorylation. Inhibition of Src/PI3K/MAPK/tyrosine phosphorylation had no effect. In unstimulated cells, PKD1 was mostly located in the cytoplasm. CCK stimulated translocation of total and phosphorylated PKD1 to the membrane. These results demonstrate that CCK(A) receptor activation leads to PKD activation by signaling through PKC-dependent and PKC-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J. Berna
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1804, USA
| | - K. Martin Hoffmann
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1804, USA
| | - Jose A. Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, 10071, Spain
| | - Michelle Thill
- National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1804, USA
| | - Andrea Pace
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert T. Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1804, USA
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Shaikh SR, Edidin M. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, membrane organization, T cells, and antigen presentation. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:1277-89. [PMID: 17158407 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.6.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially those of the n-3 class, has immunosuppressive effects on both innate and adaptive immunity through various mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the PUFA modulation of membrane architecture and its consequent effects on both T cell responses and antigen presentation. We first use data from in vitro and in vivo experiments to make the case that the immunosuppressive effects of PUFAs begin with membrane incorporation and modulation of lipid-protein lateral organization. This in turn inhibits downstream signaling mediated by T cell receptors and suppresses T cell activation and proliferation. Next, we review evidence for PUFA-mediated alteration of major histocompatibility complex class I and II surface expression and antigen presentation. We propose that PUFAs influence the expression of major histocompatibility complex by altering its conformation, orientation, lateral organization, and trafficking, with consequences for recognition by effector T cells. Finally, we present data from model membrane studies to explain the physical principles that make PUFA acyl chains unique in modifying membrane lateral organization and protein function. An important concept to emerge from these studies is that PUFA acyl chains and cholesterol molecules are sterically incompatible. By applying this concept to the T cell activation and signaling model, mechanisms emerge by which PUFAs can modulate membrane lipid-protein lateral organization. Our data-based models show that membrane modification of both effectors and targets is an important, often overlooked, mechanism of immunomodulation by PUFAs.
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Bracale A, Cesca F, Neubrand VE, Newsome TP, Way M, Schiavo G. Kidins220/ARMS is transported by a kinesin-1-based mechanism likely to be involved in neuronal differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 18:142-52. [PMID: 17079733 PMCID: PMC1751333 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-05-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa/ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (Kidins220/ARMS) is a conserved membrane protein mainly expressed in brain and neuroendocrine cells, which is a downstream target of the signaling cascades initiated by neurotrophins and ephrins. We identified kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1) as a binding partner for Kidins220/ARMS by a yeast two-hybrid screen. The interaction between Kidins220/ARMS and the kinesin-1 motor complex was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase-pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation experiments. In addition, Kidins220/ARMS and kinesin-1 were shown to colocalize in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells. Using Kidins220/ARMS and KLC1 mutants, we mapped the regions responsible for the binding to a short sequence of Kidins220/ARMS, termed KLC-interacting motif (KIM), which is sufficient for the interaction with KLC1. Optimal binding of KIM requires a region of KLC1 spanning both the tetratricopeptide repeats and the heptad repeats, previously not involved in cargo recognition. Overexpression of KIM in differentiating PC12 cells impairs the formation and transport of EGFP-Kidins220/ARMS carriers to the tips of growing neurites, leaving other kinesin-1 dependent processes unaffected. Furthermore, KIM overexpression interferes with the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and neurite outgrowth in NGF-treated PC12 cells. Our results suggest that Kidins220/ARMS-positive carriers undergo a kinesin-1-dependent transport linked to neurotrophin action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timothy P. Newsome
- Cell Motility Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Way
- Cell Motility Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom
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45
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Petro KA, Dyer MA, Yowler BC, Schengrund CL. Disruption of lipid rafts enhances activity of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A. Toxicon 2006; 48:1035-45. [PMID: 17046039 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A), one of seven serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin, is taken up by neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Within the neurons it catalyzes cleavage of the synaptosomal-associated protein having a mass of 25kDa, SNAP-25, thereby blocking neurotransmission. BoNT/A has been shown to interact with SV2, as well as gangliosides that are often found in lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are microdomains that can be found on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and are enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. To determine whether lipid rafts are needed for BoNT/A activity, those associated with the plasma membranes of murine N2a neuroblastoma cells were disrupted using either methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or filipin. Disruption of cholesterol-containing lipid rafts by either reagent did not prevent the action of BoNT/A on N2a cells, in fact activity was enhanced. While our results indicate that disruption of lipid rafts enhances BoNT/A activity, disruption of clathrin-dependent endocytosis appeared to be inhibitory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Petro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, H171, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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46
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Sánchez-Ruiloba L, Cabrera-Poch N, Rodríguez-Martínez M, López-Menéndez C, Jean-Mairet RM, Higuero AM, Iglesias T. Protein kinase D intracellular localization and activity control kinase D-interacting substrate of 220-kDa traffic through a postsynaptic density-95/discs large/zonula occludens-1-binding motif. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:18888-900. [PMID: 16651260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603044200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) controls protein traffic from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane of epithelial cells in an isoform-specific manner. However, whether the different PKD isoforms could be selectively regulating the traffic of their specific substrates remains unexplored. We identified the C terminus of the different PKDs that constitutes a postsynaptic density-95/discs large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ)-binding motif in PKD1 and PKD2, but not in PKD3, to be responsible for the differential control of kinase D-interacting substrate of 220-kDa (Kidins220) surface localization, a neural membrane protein identified as the first substrate of PKD1. A kinase-inactive mutant of PKD3 is only able to alter the localization of Kidins220 at the plasma membrane when its C terminus has been substituted by the PDZ-binding motif of PKD1 or PKD2. This isoform-specific regulation of Kidins220 transport might not be due to differences among kinase activity or substrate selectivity of the PKD isoenzymes but more to the adaptors bound to their unique C terminus. Furthermore, by mutating the autophosphorylation site Ser(916), located at the critical position -2 of the PDZ-binding domain within PKD1, or by phorbol ester stimulation, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of this residue is crucial for Kidins220-regulated transport. We also discovered that Ser(916) trans-phosphorylation takes place among PKD1 molecules. Finally, we demonstrate that PKD1 association to intracellular membranes is critical to control Kidins220 traffic. Our findings reveal the molecular mechanism by which PKD localization and activity control the traffic of Kidins220, most likely by modulating the recruitment of PDZ proteins in an isoform-specific and phosphorylation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sánchez-Ruiloba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029-Madrid, Spain
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47
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Huynh QK, McKinsey TA. Protein kinase D directly phosphorylates histone deacetylase 5 via a random sequential kinetic mechanism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 450:141-8. [PMID: 16584705 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) are signal-responsive repressors of gene transcription. In the heart, class II HDAC5 suppresses expression of genes that govern stress-induced cardiomyocyte growth. Signaling via pro-growth G protein coupled receptors triggers phosphorylation of HDAC5 on two serine residues (Ser(259) and Ser(498)), resulting in nuclear export of HDAC5 and de-repression downstream target genes. Although prior studies established a role for protein kinase D (PKD) in the regulation of HDAC5 phosphorylation, it remained unclear whether PKD functions directly or indirectly to control the phosphorylation status of this transcriptional repressor. Here, we demonstrate that PKD catalyzes direct phosphoryl-group transfer to Ser(498) of HDAC5. Each of the three PKD family members, PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, is capable of phosphorylating HDAC5 (K(m) for substrate=2.07, 3.12, and 1.43microM, respectively), although PKD2 exhibits highest catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)=6.77min(-1)microM(-1)). Kinetic studies revealed that the three PKD isozymes phosphorylate HDAC5 through a random sequential mechanism, and that ATP has no effect on association of kinase with peptide substrate. In addition, we demonstrate that ADP competitively inhibits phosphorylation of HDAC5 (K(i)=8.50, 17.54, and 11.98microM for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, respectively). These findings define PKD as an HDAC kinase and thus suggest key roles for PKD family members in the control of chromatin structure and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Khai Huynh
- Research and Development, Myogen, Inc., 7575 West 103(rd) Ave., Westminster, CO 80021, USA.
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Arévalo JC, Pereira DB, Yano H, Teng KK, Chao MV. Identification of a switch in neurotrophin signaling by selective tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:1001-7. [PMID: 16284401 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504163200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, activate Trk receptor tyrosine kinases through receptor dimerization at the cell surface followed by autophosphorylation and recruitment of intracellular signaling molecules. The intracellular pathways used by neurotrophins share many common protein substrates that are used by other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), such as Shc, Grb2, FRS2, and phospholipase C-gamma. Here we describe a novel RTK mechanism that involves a 220-kilodalton membrane tetraspanning protein, ARMS/Kidins220, which is rapidly tyrosine phosphorylated in primary neurons after neurotrophin treatment. ARMS/Kidins220 undergoes multiple tyrosine phosphorylation events and also serine phosphorylation by protein kinase D. We have identified a single tyrosine (Tyr(1096)) phosphorylation event in ARMS/Kidins220 that plays a critical role in neurotrophin signaling. A reassembled complex of ARMS/Kidins220 and CrkL, an upstream component of the C3G-Rap1-MAP kinase cascade, is SH3-dependent. However, Tyr(1096) phosphorylation enables ARMS/Kidins220 to recruit CrkL through its SH2 domain, thereby freeing the CrkL SH3 domain to engage C3G for MAP kinase activation in a neurotrophin dependent manner. Accordingly, mutation of Tyr(1096) abolished CrkL interaction and sustained MAPK kinase activity, a response that is not normally observed in other RTKs. Therefore, Trk receptor signaling involves an inducible switch mechanism through an unconventional substrate that distinguishes neurotrophin action from other growth factor receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Arévalo
- Molecular Neurobiology Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, UCLA-CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center and Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Abstract
Membrane vesicle cycling is orchestrated through the combined actions of proteins and lipids. At neuronal synapses, this orchestration must meet the stringent demands of speed, fidelity and sustainability of the synaptic vesicle cycle that mediates neurotransmission. Historically, the lion's share of the attention has been focused on the proteins that are involved in this cycle; but, in recent years, it has become clear that the previously unheralded plasma membrane and vesicle lipids are also key regulators of this cycle. This article reviews recent insights into the roles of lipid-modifying enzymes and lipids in the acute modulation of neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Rohrbough
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1634, USA
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