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Yamaguchi M, Weir JD, Hartung R. The composition of linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid has potent synergistic effects on the growth and death of RAW264.7 macrophages: The role in anti-inflammatory effects. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112952. [PMID: 39151384 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a family of LA isomers that includes both a trans fatty acid and a cis fatty acid. Both fatty acids play a nutritional role in maintaining health. Inflammation is critical in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. This study found that the combination of LA and CLA (LA/CLA), each of which had no effect, had a strong anti-synergistic effect on inflammatory macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Cells were cultured in a DMEM containing fetal bovine serum with or without either LA, CLA, or a combination of LA/CLA. The composition of LA and CLA at a comparatively lower concentration synergistically suppressed cell growth, resulting in a reduction in cell number. The underlying mechanism of this effect was based on reduced levels of Ras, PI3K, Akt, MAPK, and mTOR and elevated levels of p21, p53, and Rb, which are associated with cell growth. In addition, the combination of LA and CLA at a lower concentration stimulated potential cell death associated with increased caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 levels. Notably, this composition synergistically suppressed the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2, which are a major mediator of inflammation, with lipopolysaccharide stimulation in RAW264.7 cells This effect was associated with decreased levels of COX-1, COX-2, and NF-κB p65. This study may provide a useful tool for treating inflammatory conditions with the composition of LA and CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - James D Weir
- Department of Clinical Development, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ 85251, USA
| | - Ryan Hartung
- Department of Clinical Development, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ 85251, USA
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2
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Krishnan M, Saraswathy S, Singh S, Saggu GK, Kalra N, Agrawala PK, Abraham KM, Das Toora B. Sulforaphane inhibits histone deacetylase causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Med J Armed Forces India 2024; 80:412-419. [PMID: 39071758 PMCID: PMC11280278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biologic compounds have recently generated interest in cancer chemoprevention. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables, has profound epigenetic actions. Since epigenetic aetiology is crucial for oral cancer, this study evaluated the role of SFN in oral cancer prevention. Methods Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (UPCI-SCC-172) were treated with SFN in three concentrations: 10 μM, 20 μM and 30 μM for two time periods: 24 h and 48 h. MTT assay assessed cell proliferation. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme activity was colorimetrically estimated in the nuclear extracts. Flow cytometry determined cell cycle stages, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes. Extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were evaluated from caspase enzyme assays. Results Cell proliferation and HDAC activity (44% in 24 h and 40% in 48 h) were significantly inhibited (p < 0.01). For 10 μM concentration, G2/M cell cycle arrest was found with a reduction in G1 phase cell population at 24 h and 48 h. Concentrations of 20 μM and 30 μM SFN presented cells in apoptosis marked by increased sub G1 cells at 48 h. Concentrations of 10 μM and 20 μM SFN showed a 1.3 to 2.8-fold increase in ROS generation at 24 h and 48 h. The concentration of 30 μM SFN showed a drop in ROS production, denoting cells already in apoptosis. Fall in MMP was also dose- and time-dependent. Caspase enzyme assays (p < 0.001) demonstrated activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Conclusion Inhibitory action of SFN on oral cancer cell proliferation and HDAC activity led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These effects marked by increase in ROS, a decrease in MMP and activation of apoptotic pathways offer exciting therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Krishnan
- Commanding Officer & Classified Specialist (Orthodontics), Military Dental Centre, Ahmednagar, India
| | - Seema Saraswathy
- Faculty (Biochemistry), Army College of Medical Sciences (ACMS), Delhi Cantt, India
| | - Sanjana Singh
- Research Fellow (Dental Research & Implantology), INMAS, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | | | - Namita Kalra
- Technical Officer (Radiation Biosciences), INMAS, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Paban K. Agrawala
- Scientist `F' (Radiation Genetics & Epigenetics), INMAS, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Kurian Mathew Abraham
- Assistant Professor (Aquatic Biology & Fisheries), University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Bishamber Das Toora
- Head (Biochemistry), Army College of Medical Sciences (ACMS), Delhi Cantt, India
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3
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Elbadawi M, Efferth T. In Vivo and Clinical Studies of Natural Products Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38797749 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite more than 200 approved anticancer agents, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide due to disease complexity, tumour heterogeneity, drug toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. Accordingly, the development of chemotherapeutic agents with higher efficacy, a better safety profile, and the capability of bypassing drug resistance would be a cornerstone in cancer therapy. Natural products have played a pivotal role in the field of drug discovery, especially for the pharmacotherapy of cancer, infectious, and chronic diseases. Owing to their distinctive structures and multiple mechanistic activities, natural products and their derivatives have been utilized for decades in cancer treatment protocols. In this review, we delve into the potential of natural products as anticancer agents by targeting cancer's hallmarks, including sustained proliferative signalling, evading growth suppression, resisting apoptosis and cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. We highlight the molecular mechanisms of some natural products, in vivo studies, and promising clinical trials. This review emphasizes the significance of natural products in fighting cancer and the need for further studies to uncover their fully therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Wahi A, Jain P, Sinhari A, Jadhav HR. Progress in discovery and development of natural inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) as anti-cancer agents. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:675-702. [PMID: 37615708 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The study of epigenetic translational modifications had drawn great interest for the last few decades. These processes play a vital role in many diseases and cancer is one of them. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key enzymes involved in the acetylation and deacetylation of histones and ultimately in post-translational modifications. Cancer frequently exhibits epigenetic changes, particularly disruption in the expression and activity of HDACs. It includes the capacity to regulate proliferative signalling, circumvent growth inhibitors, escape cell death, enable replicative immortality, promote angiogenesis, stimulate invasion and metastasis, prevent immunological destruction, and genomic instability. The majority of tumours develop and spread as a result of HDAC dysregulation. As a result, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) were developed, and they today stand as a very promising therapeutic approach. One of the most well-known and efficient therapies for practically all cancer types is chemotherapy. However, the efficiency and safety of treatment are constrained by higher toxicity. The same has been observed with the synthetic HDACi. Natural products, owing to many advantages over synthetic compounds for cancer treatment have always been a choice for therapy. Hence, naturally available molecules are of particular interest for HDAC inhibition and HDAC has drawn the attention of the research fraternity due to their potential to offer a diverse array of chemical structures and bioactive compounds. This diversity opens up new avenues for exploring less toxic HDAC inhibitors to reduce side effects associated with conventional synthetic inhibitors. The review presents comprehensive details on natural product HDACi, their mechanism of action and their biological effects. Moreover, this review provides a brief discussion on the structure activity relationship of selected natural HDAC inhibitors and their analogues which can guide future research to discover selective, more potent HDACi with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Priti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Apurba Sinhari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
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5
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Yamaguchi M. Regucalcin Is a Potential Regulator in Human Cancer: Aiming to Expand into Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5489. [PMID: 38001749 PMCID: PMC10670417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regucalcin, a calcium-binding protein lacking the EF-hand motif, was initially discovered in 1978. Its name is indicative of its function in calcium signaling regulation. The rgn gene encodes for regucalcin and is situated on the X chromosome in both humans and vertebrates. Regucalcin regulates pivotal enzymes involved in signal transduction and has an inhibitory function, which includes protein kinases, protein phosphatases, cysteinyl protease, nitric oxide dynthetase, aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase, and protein synthesis. This cytoplasmic protein is transported to the nucleus where it regulates deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA synthesis as well as gene expression. Overexpression of regucalcin inhibits proliferation in both normal and cancer cells in vitro, independent of apoptosis. During liver regeneration in vivo, endogenous regucalcin suppresses cell growth when overexpressed. Regucalcin mRNA and protein expressions are significantly downregulated in tumor tissues of patients with various types of cancers. Patients exhibiting upregulated regucalcin in tumor tissue have shown prolonged survival. The decrease of regucalcin expression is linked to the advancement of cancer. Overexpression of regucalcin carries the potential for preventing and treating carcinogenesis. Additionally, extracellular regucalcin has displayed control over various types of human cancer cells. Regucalcin may hold a prominent role as a regulatory factor in cancer development. Supplying the regucalcin gene could prove to be a valuable asset in cancer treatment. The therapeutic value of regucalcin suggests its potential significance in treating cancer patients. This review delves into the most recent research on the regulatory role of regucalcin in human cancer development, providing a novel approach for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Hawaii, HI 96813, USA
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Yamaguchi M, Murata T, Ramos JW. The overexpressed regucalcin represses the growth via regulating diverse pathways linked to EGF signaling in human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells: Involvement of extracellular regucalcin. Life Sci 2023; 314:121328. [PMID: 36584916 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Regucalcin, which plays a multifunctional role in cell regulation, contributes as a suppressor in carcinogenesis. Survival of cancer patients is prolonged with high expression of regucalcin in tumor tissues. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal in gynecologic malignancies. This study elucidates the repressive role of regucalcin on the growth of human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells that are resistant to cytotoxic cancer drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS SK-OV-3 wild type-cells and regucalcin-overexpressing cells (transfectants) were cultured in Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium containing 10 % fetal bovine serum. KEY FINDINGS Colony formation and proliferation of SK-OV-3 cells were repressed by regucalcin overexpression. The suppressive effects of regucalcin on proliferation were independent of cell death. The proliferation of SK-OV-3 wild-type cells was repressed by various inhibitors, including cell cycle, signaling processes, and transcriptional activity. The effects of all inhibitors were not revealed in transfectants, suggesting the involvement of multiple signaling pathways in regucalcin effects. Of note, the overexpressed regucalcin declined the levels of Ras, Akt, mitogen-activating protein kinase, NF-κB p65, β-catenin, and STAT3, while it raised the levels of tumor suppressors p53 and Rb, and cell cycle inhibitor p21. Interestingly, the stimulatory effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on cell proliferation were blocked in regucalcin-overexpressing cells. Extracellular regucalcin repressed the proliferation independent of the death of SK-OV-3 cells and blocked EGF-enhanced cell proliferation. SIGNIFICANCES The overexpressed regucalcin may repress cell proliferation by targeting diverse signal pathways, including EGF signaling. This study offers a novel approach to the treatment of ovarian cancer with regucalcin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Joe W Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, HI 96813, USA
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Zangouei AS, Zangoue M, Taghehchian N, Zangooie A, Rahimi HR, Saburi E, Alavi MS, Moghbeli M. Cell cycle related long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of breast cancer progression and metastasis. Biol Res 2023; 56:1. [PMID: 36597150 PMCID: PMC9808980 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle is one of the main cellular mechanisms involved in tumor progression. Almost all of the active molecular pathways in tumor cells directly or indirectly target the cell cycle progression. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in cell cycle regulation in tumor cells. Since, early diagnosis has pivotal role in better cancer management and treatment, it is required to introduce the non-invasive diagnostic markers. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have higher stability in body fluids in comparison with mRNAs. Therefore, they can be used as efficient non-invasive markers for the early detection of breast cancer (BCa). In the present review we have summarized all of the reported lncRNAs involved in cell cycle regulation in BCa. It has been reported that lncRNAs mainly affect the cell cycle in G1/S transition through the CCND1/CDK4-6 complex. Present review paves the way of introducing the cell cycle related lncRNAs as efficient markers for the early detection of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sadra Zangouei
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Zangoue
- grid.411701.20000 0004 0417 4622Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran ,grid.411701.20000 0004 0417 4622Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Zangooie
- grid.411701.20000 0004 0417 4622Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran ,grid.411701.20000 0004 0417 4622Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahya Sadat Alavi
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Molecular Pathways Related to Sulforaphane as Adjuvant Treatment: A Nanomedicine Perspective in Breast Cancer. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58101377. [PMID: 36295538 PMCID: PMC9610969 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Because cancer is a multifactorial disease, it is difficult to identify the specific agents responsible for the disease's progression and development, but lifestyle and diet have been shown to play a significant role. Diverse natural compounds are demonstrating efficacy in the development of novel cancer therapies, including sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanate-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane), a compound found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables that promotes key biological processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and suppression of key signalling pathways such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in breast cancer cells. However, one of the primary challenges with sulforaphane treatment is its low solubility in water and oral bioavailability. As a consequence, several investigations were conducted using this component complexed in nanoparticles, which resulted in superior outcomes when combined with chemotherapy drugs. In this study, we discuss the properties and benefits of sulforaphane in cancer therapy, as well as its ability to form complexes with nanomolecules and chemotherapeutic agents that synergize the antitumour response in breast cancer cells.
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Hossain MN, De Leo V, Tamborra R, Laselva O, Ingrosso C, Daniello V, Catucci L, Losito I, Sollitto F, Loizzi D, Conese M, Di Gioia S. Characterization of anti-proliferative and anti-oxidant effects of nano-sized vesicles from Brassica oleracea L. (Broccoli). Sci Rep 2022; 12:14362. [PMID: 35999223 PMCID: PMC9399156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this in vitro study, we test our hypothesis that Broccoli-derived vesicles (BDVs), combining the anti-oxidant properties of their components and the advantages of their structure, can influence the metabolic activity of different cancer cell lines. BDVs were isolated from homogenized fresh broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) using a sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation method and were characterized in terms of physical properties, such as particle size, morphology, and surface charge by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser doppler electrophoresis (LDE). Glucosinolates content was assessed by RPLC–ESI–MS analysis. Three different human cancer cell lines (colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2, lung adenocarcinoma NCI-H441 and neuroblastoma SHSY5Y) were evaluated for metabolic activity by the MTT assay, uptake by fluorescence and confocal microscopy, and anti-oxidant activity by a fluorimetric assay detecting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Three bands were obtained with average size measured by TEM based size distribution analysis of 52 nm (Band 1), 70 nm (Band 2), and 82 nm (Band 3). Glucobrassicin, glucoraphanin and neoglucobrassicin were found mostly concentrated in Band 1. BDVs affected the metabolic activity of different cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner compared with untreated cells. Overall, Band 2 and 3 were more toxic than Band 1 irrespective of the cell lines. BDVs were taken up by cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of cells with BDVs resulted in a significant decrease in ROS production in Caco-2 and NCI-H441 stimulated with hydrogen peroxide and SHSY5Y treated with 6-hydroxydopamine, with all three Bands. Our findings open to the possibility to find a novel “green” approach for cancer treatment, focused on using vesicles from broccoli, although a more in-depth characterization of bioactive molecules is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Niamat Hossain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Tamborra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ingrosso
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (CNR-IPCF S.S. Bari), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Daniello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Catucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Sollitto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenico Loizzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Yamaguchi M, Ghanem NZ, Hashimoto K, Ramos JW, Murata T. The overexpressed transcription factor RGPR-p117 suppresses the proliferation of normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells: Involvement of diverse signaling pathways. Life Sci 2022; 306:120795. [PMID: 35835253 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS RGPR-p117 was originally discovered as a novel transcription factor, which specifically binds to a nuclear factor I (NFI) consensus motif TTGGC(N)6CC in the promoter region of the regucalcin gene. RGPR-p117 is also called as Lztr2 and SEC16B. The role of RGPR-p117 in cell regulation is poorly understood. This study was undertaken to determine whether the overexpression of RGPR-p117 impacts the proliferation of normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells in vitro. MAIN METHODS The NRK-52E wild-type cells and RGPR-p117-overexpressing NRK-52E cells were cultured in DMEM containing fetal bovine serum. KEY FINDINGS The overexpression of RGPR-p117 repressed colony formation and proliferation of NRK-52E cells. Interestingly, RGPR-p117 overexpression blocked cell proliferation promoted by culturing with Bay K 8644, a calcium-entry agonist, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C. The depressive effects of RGPR-p117 overexpression on cell proliferation were not occurred by culturing with various inhibitors of cell cycle and intracellular signaling processes. RGPR-p117 overexpression increased the translocation of RGPR-p117 into the nucleus of NRK-52E cells. Mechanistically, RGPR-p117 overexpression diminished the levels of Ras, PI3 kinase, Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and mTOR, while it raised the levels of p53, Rb, p21, and regucalcin. Furthermore, RGPR-p117 overexpression protected cell death caused by apoptosis-inducing factors, suggesting that the suppressive effects of RGPR-p117 on cell growth are independent of cell death. SIGNIFICANCE The present study demonstrates that the overexpressed transcription factor RGPR-p117 suppresses cell proliferation via targeting diverse signaling processes, suggesting a role of RGPR-p117 in cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Neda Z Ghanem
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, HI 96813, USA
| | - Kazunori Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Joe W Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, HI 96813, USA; Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, HI 96813, USA
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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Yamaguchi M, Yosiike K, Watanabe H, Watanabe M. The marine factor 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol suppresses growth, migration and invasion and stimulates death of metastatic human prostate cancer cells: targeting diverse signaling processes. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:424-436. [PMID: 35324521 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is metastatic cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. It is needed to develop more effective treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. The present study investigates whether the novel factor 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA), which was isolated from marine oyster, suppresses the activity of metastatic human prostate cancer PC-3 or DU-145 cells. Culture of DHMBA (1 or 10 µM) suppressed colony formation and growth of PC-3 or DU-145 cells in vitro. Suppressive effects of DHMBA on cell proliferation were not occurred by culturing with intracellular signaling inhibitors. Mechanistically, DHMBA (10 µM) reduced the levels of key proteins linked to promotion of cell growth, including Ras, PI3K, Akt, MAPK, and mTOR in PC-3 cells. Interestingly, DHMBA increased the levels of cancer suppressor p53, p21, Rb, and regucalcin. Moreover, culture of DHMBA simulated the death of PC-3 and DU-145 cells. This effect was implicated to caspase-3 activation in cells. Interestingly, the effects of DHMBA on cell proliferation and death were blocked by culturing with an inhibitor of aryl hydrocarbon receptor linked to transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, culture of DHMBA inhibited production of reactive oxygen species in PC-3 or DU-145 cells. Of note, DHMBA blocked migration and invasion by diminishing their related protein levels, including NF-κB 65, caveolin-1 and integrin β1. The novel marine factor DHMBA was demonstrated to suppress metastatic prostate cancer cells via targeting diverse signaling pathways. This study may provide a new strategy for prostate cancer therapy with DHMBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kenji Yosiike
- Department of Research and development, Watanabe Oyster Laboratory Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Research and development, Watanabe Oyster Laboratory Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Watanabe
- Department of Research and development, Watanabe Oyster Laboratory Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Yamaguchi M, Murata T, Ramos JW. Extracellular Regucalcin Suppresses the Growth, Migration, Invasion and Adhesion of Metastatic Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Oncology 2022; 100:399-412. [PMID: 35340010 DOI: 10.1159/000524303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regucalcin plays a multifunctional role in the regulation of cellular function including metabolism, signaling process and transcriptional activity in maintaining cell homeostasis. Downregulated expression or activity of regucalcin contributes to the development of malignancies in various types of human cancer. Survival of cancer patients, including metastatic prostate cancer, is prolonged with high expression of regucalcin in the tumor tissues. Furthermore, we elucidate whether extracellular regucalcin conquers the growth, migration, invasion and adhesion of metastatic human prostate cancer PC-3 and DU-145 cells. Extracellular regucalcin (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) of physiologic levels inhibited colony formation and growth of PC-3 and DU-145 cells, while it did not have an effect on cell death. Repressive effects of extracellular regucalcin on the proliferation were not exhibited by the presence of inhibitors of cell cycle, intracellular signaling process and transcriptional activity, suggesting that the signals of extracellular regucalcin are transmitted to block cell growth. Furthermore, extracellular regucalcin (0.1, 1, or 10 nM) inhibited migration, invasion and adhesion of PC-3 and DU-145 cells. Mechanistically, extracellular regucalcin (10 nM) decreased the levels of various signaling proteins including Ras, hosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, mTOR, RSK-2, caveolin-1 and integrin β1 in PC-3 cells. Thus, extracellular regucalcin may play a suppressive role in growth, migration, invasion and adhesion, which are involved in metastatic activity of human prostate cancer cells, via affecting diverse signaling processes. This study may provide a new strategy in preventing metastatic prostate cancer with exogenous regucalcin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Joe W Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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13
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Janczewski Ł. Sulforaphane and Its Bifunctional Analogs: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:1750. [PMID: 35268851 PMCID: PMC8911885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, various plants have been studied as sources of biologically active compounds. Compounds with anticancer and antimicrobial properties are the most frequently desired. Cruciferous plants, including Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and wasabi, have a special role in the research studies. Studies have shown that consumption of these plants reduce the risk of lung, breast, and prostate cancers. The high chemopreventive and anticancer potential of cruciferous plants results from the presence of a large amount of glucosinolates, which, under the influence of myrosinase, undergo an enzymatic transformation to biologically active isothiocyanates (ITCs). Natural isothiocyanates, such as benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, or the best-tested sulforaphane, possess anticancer activity at all stages of the carcinogenesis process, show antibacterial activity, and are used in organic synthesis. Methods of synthesis of sulforaphane, as well as its natural or synthetic bifunctional analogues with sulfinyl, sulfanyl, sulfonyl, phosphonate, phosphinate, phosphine oxide, carbonyl, ester, carboxamide, ether, or additional isothiocyanate functional groups, and with the unbranched alkyl chain containing 2-6 carbon atoms, are discussed in this review. The biological activity of these compounds are also reported. In the first section, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and mercapturic acids (their metabolites) are briefly characterized. Additionally, the most studied anticancer and antibacterial mechanisms of ITC actions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janczewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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14
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Bouranis JA, Beaver LM, Ho E. Metabolic Fate of Dietary Glucosinolates and Their Metabolites: A Role for the Microbiome. Front Nutr 2021; 8:748433. [PMID: 34631775 PMCID: PMC8492924 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust evidence shows that phytochemicals from cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, are associated with numerous health benefits. The anti-cancer properties of these foods are attributed to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs) and indoles, phytochemicals generated from biological precursor compounds called glucosinolates. ITCs, and particularly sulforaphane (SFN), are of intense interest as they block the initiation, and suppress the progression of cancer, through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The efficacy of these compounds is well-demonstrated in cell culture and animal models, however, high levels of inter-individual variation in absorption and excretion of ITCs is a significant barrier to the use of dietary glucosinolates to prevent and treat disease. The source of inter-individual ITC variation has yet to be fully elucidated and the gut microbiome may play a key role. This review highlights evidence that the gut microbiome influences the metabolic fate and activity of ITCs. Human feeding trials have shown inter-individual variations in gut microbiome composition coincides with variations in ITC absorption and excretion, and some bacteria produce ITCs from glucosinolates. Additionally, consumption of cruciferous vegetables can alter the composition of the gut microbiome and shift the physiochemical environment of the gut lumen, influencing the production of phytochemicals. Microbiome and diet induced changes to ITC metabolism may lead to the decrease of cancer fighting phytochemicals such as SFN and increase the production of biologically inert ones like SFN-nitrile. We conclude by offering perspective on the use of novel “omics” technologies to elucidate the interplay of the gut microbiome and ITC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bouranis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Laura M Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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15
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Therapeutic Mechanism of Lapatinib Combined with Sulforaphane on Gastric Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9933274. [PMID: 34589134 PMCID: PMC8476239 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9933274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Lapatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that plays important roles in cell proliferation and survival. Administration of lapatinib with capecitabine is an effective treatment for HER2-positive metastatic BC. However, the effects of lapatinib on gastric cancer (GC) remain to be clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of lapatinib combined with sulforaphane on GC and its underlying mechanisms. Methods SGC-7901 and lapatinib-resistant SGC-7901 cells were treated with lapatinib (0.2 μM), sulforaphane (5 μM), or their combinations. Cell viability, invasion, cycle, and apoptosis of SGC-7901 and lapatinib-resistant SGC-7901 cells were evaluated by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Boyden chamber assay, and flow cytometer. The protein expressions of HER-2, p-HER-2, AKT, p-AKT, ERK, and p-ERK were detected by Western blotting. Results We observed that lapatinib combined with sulforaphane significantly decreased cell viability and inhibited cell migration of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. Lapatinib sulforaphane also remarkably induced cell apoptosis with G0/G1 arrest. In addition, Western blotting revealed that the expressions of HER-2, p-HER-2, AKT, p-AKT, ERK, and p-ERK were downregulated by lapatinib-sulforaphane treatment. Conclusion Combination of lapatinib and sulforaphane might be a novel and promising therapeutic treatment for lapatinib-sensitive or lapatinib-resistant GC patients.
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16
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Maniam S, Maniam S. Small Molecules Targeting Programmed Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189722. [PMID: 34575883 PMCID: PMC8465612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted chemotherapy has become the forefront for cancer treatment in recent years. The selective and specific features allow more effective treatment with reduced side effects. Most targeted therapies, which include small molecules, act on specific molecular targets that are altered in tumour cells, mainly in cancers such as breast, lung, colorectal, lymphoma and leukaemia. With the recent exponential progress in drug development, programmed cell death, which includes apoptosis and autophagy, has become a promising therapeutic target. The research in identifying effective small molecules that target compensatory mechanisms in tumour cells alleviates the emergence of drug resistance. Due to the heterogenous nature of breast cancer, various attempts were made to overcome chemoresistance. Amongst breast cancers, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is of particular interest due to its heterogeneous nature in response to chemotherapy. TNBC represents approximately 15% of all breast tumours, however, and still has a poor prognosis. Unlike other breast tumours, signature targets lack for TNBCs, causing high morbidity and mortality. This review highlights several small molecules with promising preclinical data that target autophagy and apoptosis to induce cell death in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashani Maniam
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.M.); Tel.: +613-9925-5688 (S.M.); +60-397692322 (S.M.)
| | - Sandra Maniam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.M.); Tel.: +613-9925-5688 (S.M.); +60-397692322 (S.M.)
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17
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García-Giménez JL, Garcés C, Romá-Mateo C, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress-mediated alterations in histone post-translational modifications. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:6-18. [PMID: 33689846 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression provides a finely tuned response capacity for cells when undergoing environmental changes. However, in the context of human physiology or disease, any cellular imbalance that modulates homeostasis has the potential to trigger molecular changes that result either in physiological adaptation to a new situation or pathological conditions. These effects are partly due to alterations in the functionality of epigenetic regulators, which cause long-term and often heritable changes in cell lineages. As such, free radicals resulting from unbalanced/extended oxidative stress have been proved to act as modulators of epigenetic agents, resulting in alterations of the epigenetic landscape. In the present review we will focus on the particular effect that oxidative stress and free radicals produce in histone post-translational modifications that contribute to altering the histone code and, consequently, gene expression. The pathological consequences of the changes in this epigenetic layer of regulation of gene expression are thoroughly evidenced by data gathered in many physiological adaptive processes and in human diseases that range from age-related neurodegenerative pathologies to cancer, and that include respiratory syndromes, infertility, and systemic inflammatory conditions like sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis García-Giménez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia- INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Concepción Garcés
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia- INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia- INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia- INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.
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18
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Zimmermann M, Kolmar H, Zimmer A. S-Sulfocysteine - Investigation of cellular uptake in CHO cells. J Biotechnol 2021; 335:27-38. [PMID: 34090949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For the generation of therapeutic proteins in cell culture, high producing clones are used. These clones have a high demand in amino acids to support cell growth and productivity. l-cysteine (Cys) is critical in highly concentrated feeds due to low stability of Cys and low solubility of the oxidation product cystine at neutral pH. S-sulfocysteine (SSC) was developed to substitute the Cys source and fed-batch experiments using SSC showed good cellular performance regarding viable cell density and titer, indicating uptake and metabolization of SSC by Chinese hamster ovary cells. However, the responsible transporter allowing cellular uptake remains unclear and was studied in this work. Due to the structure similarity of SSC with cystine and glutamate, it was proposed that the cystine/glutamate antiporter (xc-) allows cellular uptake of SSC. The uptake was assessed via transporter inhibition using sulfasalazine and transporter overexpression using either sulforaphane or sulforaphane-N-acetylcysteine during fed-batch experiments. Following daily addition of 50 μM and 100 μM sulfasalazine, the extracellular SSC concentration was increased by 65 % and 177 % respectively, suggesting a reduced uptake due to xc- inhibition. In contrast, enhanced transporter activity through 15 μM sulforaphane and sulforaphane-N-acetylcysteine treatment, induced a 60 % and 52 % reduced extracellular SSC concentration, respectively. These inverse uptake results strongly suggest that xc- is facilitating the transport of SSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zimmermann
- Merck Life Science, Upstream R&D, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‑Weiss‑Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich‑Weiss‑Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Aline Zimmer
- Merck Life Science, Upstream R&D, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
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19
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Ferreira WAS, Burbano RR, do Ó Pessoa C, Harada ML, do Nascimento Borges B, de Oliveira EHC. Pisosterol Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis via the ATM/ATR Signaling Pathway in Human Glioma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:734-750. [PMID: 32013837 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200203160117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pisosterol, a triterpene derived from Pisolithus tinctorius, exhibits potential antitumor activity in various malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the pisosterol-specific effects on glioma cells remain unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the antitumoral effects of pisosterol on glioma cell lines. METHODS The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue exclusion assays were used to evaluate the effect of pisosterol on cell proliferation and viability in glioma cells. The effect of pisosterol on the distribution of the cells in the cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. The expression and methylation pattern of the promoter region of MYC, ATM, BCL2, BMI1, CASP3, CDK1, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CHEK1, MDM2, p14ARF and TP53 was analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blotting and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP-PCR). RESULTS Here, it has been reported that pisosterol markedly induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis and decreased the cell viability and proliferation potential of glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the expression of ATM, CASP3, CDK1, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CHEK1, p14ARF and TP53 and decreasing the expression of MYC, BCL2, BMI1 and MDM2. Pisosterol also triggered both caspase-independent and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and activating caspase-3 and p53. CONCLUSION It has been, for the first time, confirmed that the ATM/ATR signaling pathway is a critical mechanism for G2/M arrest in pisosterol-induced glioma cell cycle arrest and suggests that this compound might be a promising anticancer candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallax A S Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenetica, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | - Rommel R Burbano
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Claudia do Ó Pessoa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Maria L Harada
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular Francisco Mauro Salzano, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Bárbara do Nascimento Borges
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular Francisco Mauro Salzano, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo H Correa de Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenetica, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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20
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Elkashty OA, Tran SD. Sulforaphane as a Promising Natural Molecule for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:250-269. [PMID: 33877541 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenicity-inhibiting compounds have been identified in our daily diet. For example, isothiocyanates (ITCs) found in cruciferous vegetables were reported to have potent cancer-prevention activities. The best characterized ITC is sulforaphane (SF). SF can simultaneously modulate multiple cellular targets involved in carcinogenesis, including (1) modulating carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and blocking the action of mutagens; (2) inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis; and (3) inhibition of neo-angiogenesis and metastasis. SF targets cancer stem cells through modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Conventional chemotherapy/SF combination was tested in several studies and resulted in favorable outcomes. With its favorable toxicological profile, SF is a promising agent in cancer prevention and/or therapy. In this article, we discuss the human metabolism of SF and its effects on cancer prevention, treatment, and targeting cancer stem cells, as well as providing a brief review of recent human clinical trials on SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada.
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21
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Ji C, Magnuson JT, Zhang W, Zhao M. New insight into the enantioselective cytotoxicity of cypermethrin: imbalance between cell cycle and apoptosis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123893. [PMID: 33264957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CP) is a frequently used chiral pesticide comprised of different enantiomers that can induce a variable toxic response in biota, dependent on conformational change. However, the potential mechanism accounting for the enantioselective toxicity induced by CP enantiomers remains unknown. Herein, to shed light on the underlying mechanism of enantioselective cytotoxicity on cell cycle and apoptotic function, an MTT assay, flow cytometric (FCM) approach, and qPCR arrays combining bioinformatic analysis were conducted on HepG2 cell lines following exposure to CP enantiomers. Decreased cell viability in keeping with increased cell arrest and apoptosis was observed in cells exposed to (1S,3R,αR)-CP, relative to the (1R,3S,αS)-CP treatment group. PCR array also reflected an enantioselective difference in expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related genes. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) showed that cell cycle checkpoints, arrest in interphase, death receptor signaling, and apoptosis were among the top canonical and disease and functions predicted to be affected between CP enantiomers. Data presented here not only provide potential molecular endpoints for evaluating toxicity by cell cycle and apoptosis but also help to guide the scientific application of chiral pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Ji
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, United States
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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22
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Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of HepG2 Cells Accompanied by Induction of the MAPK Pathway and NAG-1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121200. [PMID: 33260632 PMCID: PMC7760884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignancies leading to death. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy have certain effects, their side effects limit their therapeutic effect. Phytochemicals have recently been given more attention as promising resources for cancer chemoprevention or chemotherapy due to their safety. In this study, the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on the apoptosis, cell cycle, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-related proteins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) expression of HepG2 cells were investigated. The results showed that GSPs inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and regulated cell cycle-related proteins, cyclin B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, and p21. GSPs also increased reactive oxygen species production and caspase-3 activity. In addition, GSPs also increased the expression of p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38 MAPK and NAG-1, and GSPs-induced NAG-1 expression was related to the MAPK pathway-related proteins. These data suggest that GSPs may be promising phytochemicals for HCC chemoprevention or chemotherapy.
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23
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Yamaguchi M, Murata T. Extracellular regucalcin suppresses colony formation and growth independent of tumor suppressor p53 in human mammary epithelial cells. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101447. [PMID: 33137709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regucalcin plays a multifunctional role in cell regulation as a suppressor in the processes of intracellular signaling and transcription, leading to inhibition of cell growth. The downregulated expression or activity of regucalcin has been shown to contribute to the development of carcinogenesis in various types of human cancer. The wild-type tumor suppressor TP53 gene encodes for a transcriptional factor p53. This protein may play a role in cell proliferation. Loss of p53 function may induce cell transformation during carcinogenesis and tumor progression of human cancer. We investigate whether or not extracellular regucalcin suppresses the proliferation of non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial MCF 10A cells with loss of p53 in vitro. Loss of p53 did not impact colony formation and proliferation of the cells. Interestingly, p53 loss caused decrease in the cell cycle suppressor p21, but not retinoblastoma and regucalcin, as compared with those of wild-type MCF 10A cells. Notably, extracellular regucalcin suppressed colony formation and proliferation of wild-type MCF 10A cells and p53 (-/-) cells, while it did not have an effect on cell death. Mechanistically, extracellular regucalcin decreased levels of various signaling factors including Ras, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospho-MAPK, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in wild-type MCF 10A cells and p53 (-/-) cells. Thus, extracellular regucalcin was found to suppress the growth of MCF 10A cells with loss of p53. Extracellular regucalcin may play a role as a suppressor in the growth of human mammary epithelial cells with p53 loss, providing a novel strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 700 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA.
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
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24
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Rong Y, Huang L, Yi K, Chen H, Liu S, Zhang W, Yuan C, Song X, Wang F. Co-administration of sulforaphane and doxorubicin attenuates breast cancer growth by preventing the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:189-196. [PMID: 32891712 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a compound derived from cruciferous plants shown to be effective in cancer prevention and suppression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to inhibit anti-tumor immunity; however, whether SFN regulates the anti-tumor activity of MDSCs in breast cancer is still unknown. In the current study, we found that SFN blocked prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in parental and doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant breast cancer 4T1 cell lines by activating NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2-mediated reduction of PGE2 was dependent on the enhanced expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC), and decreased COX-2 expression in breast cancer cells. Moreover, our study further revealed that reduced PGE2 secretion from SFN-treated 4T1 cells triggered MDSCs to switch to an immunogenic phenotype, enhancing the anti-tumor activities of CD8+ T cells. Co-administration of SFN and DOX was more efficacious for the treatment of breast cancer in a mouse model than either agent alone, as evidenced by the significant decrease in tumor volume, MDSC expansion, and increase in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our data indicate that SFN reverses the immunosuppressive microenvironment and is a potent adjuvant chemotherapeutic candidate in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Lanxiang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Kezhen Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Shaoping Liu
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Wuwen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, PR China.
| | - Xuemin Song
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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Li M, Wu C, Muhammad JS, Yan D, Tsuneyama K, Hatta H, Cui ZG, Inadera H. Melatonin sensitises shikonin-induced cancer cell death mediated by oxidative stress via inhibition of the SIRT3/SOD2-AKT pathway. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101632. [PMID: 32863233 PMCID: PMC7358455 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that melatonin (Mel), an endogenous hormone and natural supplement, possesses anti-proliferative effects and can sensitise cells to anti-cancer therapies. Although shikonin (SHK) also possesses potential anti-cancer properties, the poor solubility and severe systemic toxicity of this compound hinders its clinical usage. In this study, we combined Mel and SHK, a potentially promising chemotherapeutic drug combination, with the aim of reducing the toxicity of SHK and enhancing the overall anti-cancer effects. We demonstrate for the first time that Mel potentiates the cytotoxic effects of SHK on cancer cells by inducing oxidative stress via inhibition of the SIRT3/SOD2-AKT pathway. Particularly, Mel-SHK treatment induced oxidative stress, increased mitochondrial calcium accumulation and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in various cancer cells, leading to apoptosis. This drug combination also promoted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to AKT dephosphorylation. In HeLa cells, Mel-SHK treatment reduced SIRT3/SOD2 expression and SOD2 activity, while SIRT3 overexpression dramatically reduced Mel-SHK-induced oxidative stress, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Hence, we propose the combination of Mel and SHK as a novel candidate chemotherapeutic regimen that targets the SIRT3/SOD2-AKT pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Li
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Chengai Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedic Trauma, Xicheng District Xinjiekou East Street on the 31st, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Hatta
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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26
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Zeng H, Hui Y, Qin W, Chen P, Huang L, Zhong W, Lin L, Lv H, Qin X. High-throughput sequencing-based analysis of gene expression of hepatitis B virus infection-associated human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:18. [PMID: 32774491 PMCID: PMC7406887 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a critical factor for the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gene expression profiles for HBV-associated HCC may provide valuable insight for the diagnosis and treatment of this type of HCC. The present study aimed to screen the differential genes in human HCC tissues based on high-throughput sequencing and to predict the potential therapeutic targets. Total mRNA was extracted from human HCC tissues and paracancerous tissues and sequenced using the Hiseq4000 sequencing platform. Differential gene expressions were screened and further analyzed using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. A total of 2,386 differentially expressed genes were screened. Of these, 1119 were upregulated and 1,267 were downregulated in paracancerous tissues compared with tumor tissues. Gene Ontology term analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed genes were involved in carboxylic acid catabolism, monocarboxylic acid metabolic processes and α-amino acid metabolic processes. Molecular functional analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes functioned in oxidoreductase activity, for example acting on CH-OH group of donors and permitting identical protein binding, anion binding, coenzyme binding and monocarxylic acid transporter activity. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis reported that the differentially expressed genes were primarily concentrated in 20 signaling pathways, such as valine, leucine and leucine degradation, retinol metabolism and the cell cycle. Differential expression of proteins regulating the cell cycle, including stratifin, cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1, were significantly higher in tumor tissue compared with those in paracancerous tissue at both the mRNA and protein levels. These results were consistent with those obtained from high-throughput sequencing, indicating the reliability of the high-throughput sequencing. Together, these results identified differentially expressed genes and predicted the subsequent signaling pathways, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of HCC. Therefore, the present study may provide novel implications in the therapeutic and diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Hui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhou Qin
- Department of Pathology, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, P.R. China
| | - Peisheng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, P.R. China
| | - Wenfu Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Lin
- Department of Pathology, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, P.R. China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Pathology, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, P.R. China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Abid F, Saleem M, Yasir S, Arshad S, Qureshi S, Bajwa MA, Ashiq S, Tanveer S, Qayyum M, Ashiq K. CANCER EPIGENETICS AND THE ROLE OF DIETARY ELEMENTS. GOMAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.46903/gjms/17.03.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been a fatal disease since many decades. Over the time, it is presented in multiple ways and is a matter of consideration as accounts for the high rate of mortality. The aim of the current review was to focus on the genetics, epigenetics factors and role of medicinal plants for the cure of this inimical disease. Related articles available in English language (2002-2018) were reviewed with help of different database, including PubMed, Springer Link, Medline, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. In order to ensure credibility and accuracy of data only those articles were considered which are published in indexed journals i.e. Web of Science and Scopus. This project was conducted at the Department of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan from 02-01-2019 to 28-02-2019. The genetic machinery is vibrantly involved in the interpretation of the signals and is observed to be affected by various dietary factors. A sequence of modified activities is observed with use of these dietary elements. However, the modification is reviewed through the histone acetyltransferase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyl transferase (DNMTs), effecting the expression of gene. These modified genes, in turn then express the signals in multiple reformed ways. Different dietary elements that are used such as polyphenol, alkaloid and flavonoids are effective against cancer. The progression of disease involves genetics and epigenetics due to amplification, translocation and mutation during gene expression. Though, many studies have been conducted elaborating the role of plants and their ingredients which play a part in inhibition of cancerous cells by blockade of cell cycle and apoptosis; more in-depth investigations are still required to identify the new drug target and novel therapeutic modalities.
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28
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Yamaguchi M, Murata T. Overexpression of Regucalcin Suppresses the Growth of Human Osteosarcoma Cells in Vitro: Repressive Effect of Extracellular Regucalcin. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:37-51. [PMID: 31868021 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1708924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Regucalcin plays a pivotal role as a suppressor of human carcinogenesis, and downregulation of regucalcin expression may contribute to the promotion of human osteosarcoma. Overexpression of regucalcin suppressed the proliferation of Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and decreased the protein levels of multiple signaling components, transcription factors, and tumor suppressors. Interestingly, extracellular regucalcin repressed colony formation and proliferation of Saos-2 cells, and reduced the protein levels of multiple signaling components, cell cycle inhibitor, and various transcription factors. Thus, regucalcin suppressed the growth of human osteosarcoma cells, providing a novel strategy with the gene therapy for treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Japan
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29
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Kim JH, Nam GS, Kim SH, Ryu DS, Lee DS. Orostachys japonicus exerts antipancreatic cancer activity through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in PANC-1 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3549-3559. [PMID: 31763005 PMCID: PMC6848830 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy at the molecular level is important for pancreatic cancer treatment. This study looked over the anticancer activity of Orostachys japonicus in a human pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC-1. An ethyl acetate fraction containing quercetin, kaempferol, and flavonol glycosides from O. japonicus (OJE) exhibited significant anticancer activity against the PANC-1. OJE activated caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, leading to the induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. It also inhibited cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4, representing cell cycle arrest at both G1/S and G2/M phases. In addition, OJE phosphorylated MAPKs such as p38, JNK, and ERK, which are important upstream signaling factors in apoptosis and arrest of cell cycle inducing system. In conclusion, OJE effectively exerted antipancreatic cancer activity via induction of apoptosis directed by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and arrest of cell cycle regulated at both G1/S and G2/M stages, which is activated by MAPKs, p38, JNK, and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Smart Foods and DrugsGraduate School of Inje UniversityGimhaeKorea
| | - Gi Suk Nam
- Department of Smart Foods and DrugsGraduate School of Inje UniversityGimhaeKorea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Smart Foods and DrugsGraduate School of Inje UniversityGimhaeKorea
| | - Deok Seon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea
| | - Dong Seok Lee
- Department of Smart Foods and DrugsGraduate School of Inje UniversityGimhaeKorea
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30
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Lachance JC, Radhakrishnan S, Madiwale G, Guerrier S, Vanamala JKP. Targeting hallmarks of cancer with a food-system-based approach. Nutrition 2019; 69:110563. [PMID: 31622909 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive resources are dedicated to the development and study of cancer drugs, the cancer burden is expected to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decade. This highlights a critical need to develop effective, evidence-based strategies for countering the global rise in cancer incidence. Except in high-risk populations, cancer drugs are not generally suitable for use in cancer prevention owing to potential side effects and substantial monetary costs (Sporn, 2011). There is overwhelming epidemiological and experimental evidence that the dietary bioactive compounds found in whole plant-based foods have significant anticancer and chemopreventative properties. These bioactive compounds often exert pleiotropic effects and act synergistically to simultaneously target multiple pathways of cancer. Common bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables include carotenoids, glucosinolates, and polyphenols. These compounds have been shown to target multiple hallmarks of cancer in vitro and in vivo and potentially to address the diversity and heterogeneity of certain cancers. Although many studies have been conducted over the past 30 y, the scientific community has still not reached a consensus on exactly how the benefit of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables can be best harnessed to help reduce the risk for cancer. Different stages of the food processing system, from "farm-to-fork," can affect the retention of bioactive compounds and thus the chemopreventative properties of whole foods, and there are opportunities to improve handling of foods throughout the stages in order to best retain their chemopreventative properties. Potential target stages include, but are not limited to, pre- and postharvest management, storage, processing, and consumer practices. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive food-system-based approach that not only taking into account the effects of the food system on anticancer activity of whole foods, but also exploring solutions for consumers, policymakers, processors, and producers. Improved knowledge about this area of the food system can help us adjust farm-to-fork operations in order to consistently and predictably deliver desired bioactive compounds, thus better utilizing them as invaluable chemopreventative tools in the fight to reduce the growing burden of cancer worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Lachance
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sridhar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Stéphane Guerrier
- Geneva School of Economics and Management & Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jairam K P Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; The Pennsylvania State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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miR-26a promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis by inhibiting PTEN and inhibits cell growth by repressing EZH2. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1484-1500. [PMID: 31201367 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study revealed that therapeutic miR-26a delivery suppresses tumorigenesis in a murine liver cancer model, whereas we found that forced miR-26a expression increased hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell migration and invasion, which prompted us to characterize the causes and mechanisms underlying enhanced invasion due to ectopic miR-26a expression. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-26a promoted migration and invasion of BEL-7402 and HepG2 cells in vitro and positively modulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-10 expression. In addition, exogenous miR-26a expression significantly enhanced the metastatic ability of HepG2 cells in vivo. miR-26a negatively regulated in vitro proliferation of HCC cells, and miR-26a overexpression suppressed HepG2 cell tumor growth in nude mice. Further studies revealed that miR-26a inhibited cell growth by repressing the methyltransferase EZH2 and promoted cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the phosphatase PTEN. Furthermore, PTEN expression negatively correlated with miR-26a expression in HCC specimens from patients with and without metastasis. Thus, our findings suggest for the first time that miR-26a promotes invasion/metastasis by inhibiting PTEN and inhibits cell proliferation by repressing EZH2 in HCC. More importantly, our data also suggest caution if miR-26a is used as a target for cancer therapy in the future.
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32
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Arora I, Sharma M, Tollefsbol TO. Combinatorial Epigenetics Impact of Polyphenols and Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184567. [PMID: 31540128 PMCID: PMC6769666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are potent micronutrients that can be found in large quantities in various food sources and spices. These compounds, also known as phenolics due to their phenolic structure, play a vital nutrient-based role in the prevention of various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, liver disease, and cancers. However, the function of polyphenols in disease prevention and therapy depends on their dietary consumption and biological properties. According to American Cancer Society statistics, there will be an expected rise of 23.6 million new cancer cases by 2030. Due to the severity of the increased risk, it is important to evaluate various preventive measures associated with cancer. Relatively recently, numerous studies have indicated that various dietary polyphenols and phytochemicals possess properties of modifying epigenetic mechanisms that modulate gene expression resulting in regulation of cancer. These polyphenols and phytochemicals, when administrated in a dose-dependent and combinatorial-based manner, can have an enhanced effect on epigenetic changes, which play a crucial role in cancer prevention and therapy. Hence, this review will focus on the mechanisms of combined polyphenols and phytochemicals that can impact various epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications as well as regulation of non-coding miRNAs expression for treatment and prevention of various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Cheng AC, Shen CJ, Hung CM, Hsu YC. Sulforaphane Decrease of SERTAD1 Expression Triggers G1/S Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells. J Med Food 2019; 22:444-450. [PMID: 31084542 PMCID: PMC6534085 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have identified the potential of chemopreventive effects of sulforaphane (SFN); however, the underlying mechanisms of its effect on breast cancer require further elucidation. This study investigated the anticancer effects of SFN that specifically induces G1/S arrest in breast ductal carcinoma (ZR-75-1) cells. The proliferation of the cancer cells after treatment with SFN was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. DNA content and cell cycle status were analyzed through flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated the inhibition of growth in ZR-75-1 cells upon SFN exposure. In addition, SERTAD1 (SEI-1) caused the accumulation of SFN-treated G1/S-phase cells. The downregulation of SEI-1, cyclin D2, and histone deacetylase 3 suggested that in addition to the identified effects of SFN against breast cancer prevention, it may also exert antitumor activities in established breast cancer cells. In conclusion, SFN can inhibit growth of and induce cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, suggesting its potential role as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Chin Cheng
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; College of Health Sciences; Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Shen
- 2 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ming Hung
- 3 Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- 4 Department of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences; Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hać A, Brokowska J, Rintz E, Bartkowski M, Węgrzyn G, Herman-Antosiewicz A. Mechanism of selective anticancer activity of isothiocyanates relies on differences in DNA damage repair between cancer and healthy cells. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1421-1432. [PMID: 31123866 PMCID: PMC7230056 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are compounds derived from Brassica plants with documented anticancer activity. Molecular mechanisms of their selective activity against cancer cells are still underexplored. In this work, the impact of ITC on DNA replication and damage was compared between PC-3 prostate cancer cells and HDFa normal fibroblasts as well as PNT2 prostate epithelial cells. Methods Cells were treated with sulforaphane or phenethyl isothiocyanate. [3H]thymidine incorporation and the level of histone γH2A.X were estimated as indicators of DNA replication and double-strand breaks (DSB), respectively. Levels of HDAC3, CtIP, and p-RPA were investigated by immunoblotting. Comet assay was performed to visualize DNA damage. Results ITCs inhibited DNA replication in all tested cell lines, and this activity was independent of reactive oxygen species of mitochondrial origin. It was followed by DSB which were more pronounced in cancer than noncancerous cells. This difference was independent of HDAC activity which was decreased in both cell lines when treated with ITCs. On the other hand, it correlated with faster removal of DSB, and thus, transient activation of repair proteins in normal cells, while in PC-3 prostate cancer, cell DNA repair was significantly less effective. Conclusion DNA damage induced by ITCs is a consequence of the block in DNA replication which is observed in both, cancer and normal cells. Selective antiproliferative activity of ITCs towards cancer cells results from less efficient DNA repair in cancer cells relative to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Hać
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Brokowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Estera Rintz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Bartkowski
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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35
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Liu X, Zhao P, Wang X, Wang L, Zhu Y, Song Y, Gao W. Celastrol mediates autophagy and apoptosis via the ROS/JNK and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in glioma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:184. [PMID: 31053160 PMCID: PMC6500040 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Celastrol, a triterpene compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii, has been reported to possess potential antitumor activity towards various malignancies. However, the effect of celastrol on glioma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Methods Glioma cells, including the U251, U87-MG and C6 cell lines and an animal model were used. The effects of celastrol on cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, reactive oxygen species production assay and immunoblotting after treatment of celastrol. Fisher’s exact test, a one-way ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare differences between groups. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 software. Results Here, we found that exposure to celastrol induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Celastrol increased the formation of autophagosomes, accumulation of LC3B and the expression of p62 protein. Celastrol-treated glioma cells exhibited decreased cell viability after the use of autophagy inhibitors. Additionally, autophagy and apoptosis caused by celastrol in glioma cells inhibited each other. Furthermore, celastrol induced JNK activation and ROS production and inhibited the activities of Akt and mTOR kinases. JNK and ROS inhibitors significantly attenuated celastrol-trigged apoptosis and autophagy, while Akt and mTOR inhibitors had opposite effects. Conclusions In conclusion, our study revealed that celastrol caused G2/M phase arrest and trigged apoptosis and autophagy by activating ROS/JNK signaling and blocking the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1173-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhao
- Basic Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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36
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Yamaguchi M, Levy RM. The combination of catechin, baicalin and β-caryophyllene potentially suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4312-4318. [PMID: 31007758 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the combination of three botanical factors of (+)-catechin, baicalin and β-caryophyllene, which exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, with comparatively lower concentrations of each factor, demonstrating a potent synergistic-suppressive effect on the growth of mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro, and suggesting it may function as a pharmacologic tool for managing inflammatory diseases. The present study was undertaken to determine the suppressive effects of (+)-catechin, baicalin or β-caryophyllene on the production of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, which was enhanced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. The cells were cultured for 3 days without botanical factors, followed by incubation for 5 h in the presence of either vehicle, (+)-catechin [1 µg/ml (3.45 µM)], baicalin [1 µg/ml (2.24 µM)], or β-caryophyllene [1 µg/ml (5 µM)] with or without LPS (100 ng/ml); this did not have significant effects on the number of RAW264.7 cells. The production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β was not altered by the addition of (+)-catechin, baicalin, β-caryophyllene, or the three combined factors in RAW264.7 cells without LPS. LPS treatment caused a marked production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. This enhancement was suppressed by the addition of (+)-catechin, baicalin or β-caryophyllene. Of note, the production of these cytokines was additively suppressed by the combination of the three factors in macrophages. Thus, the combination of (+)-catechin, baicalin and β-caryophyllene was found to reveal a potent suppressive effect on cytokine production in macrophages in vitro. This composition may be a useful tool as a potent anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA
| | - Robert M Levy
- Department of Clinical Development, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ 85251, USA
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Investigation of the synergistic effects of paclitaxel and herbal substances and endemic plant extracts on cell cycle and apoptosis signal pathways in prostate cancer cell lines. Gene 2019; 687:261-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Zhou W, Pan T, Cui H, Zhao Z, Chu PK, Yu X. Black Phosphorus: Bioactive Nanomaterials with Inherent and Selective Chemotherapeutic Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:769-774. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Ting Pan
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Haodong Cui
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Xue‐Feng Yu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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Sanyal S, Law S. Ocular surface and chronic pesticide exposure: Evaluating the alterations in corneal cellular turnover concerning cell cycle and apoptosis. Exp Eye Res 2019; 178:122-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Jahagirdar D, Gore CR, Patel H, Maria K, Tandon I, Sharma NK. Induction of Apoptotic Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in HeLa Cells by Extracellular Factors of Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3307-3316. [PMID: 30583335 PMCID: PMC6428559 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.12.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are evidences on the role of extracellular factors in cellular communication between cancer cells and non-cancerous cells to support tumor progression and a phenomenon of cancer cachexia. However, evidences are scarce to show the effects of extracellular factors from one carcinoma microenvironment upon growth and survival of another carcinoma. Methodology: To address the above issue, we have selected excised breast carcinoma tissue samples and in vitro grown MCF-7 sources of extracellular factors and tested their effects to evaluate growth and proliferation inhibitory potential against a cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa. Results: Data from the in vitro experiments like Trypan blue dye exclusion, MTT assay, cell cycle assay and annexin V/PI staining lead us to suggest that the extracellular factors collected from the culture medium of in vitro grown MCF-7 and excised breast carcinoma tissue play an apoptosis inducing and cell cycle arrest role in HeLa. In these in vitro experiments, we detected the presence of up to 40-50% apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells and increase in G2-M cell cycle phase from 11%-25% due to treatment with extracellular factors from human breast carcinoma cells. Discussion and Conclusion: These observations are novel and suggest that extracellular factors from breast carcinoma play an apoptosis inducing and growth inhibitory role upon on HeLa cells. This study can also support the concept of cancer cachexia and a possible hypothesis for rare chance of synchronous two or more primary tumor in a single patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashree Jahagirdar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, India.
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41
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Zhou W, Pan T, Cui H, Zhao Z, Chu PK, Yu X. Black Phosphorus: Bioactive Nanomaterials with Inherent and Selective Chemotherapeutic Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Ting Pan
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Haodong Cui
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Xue‐Feng Yu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and InterfacesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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42
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Cao S, Wang L, Zhang Z, Chen F, Wu Q, Li L. Sulforaphane-induced metabolomic responses with epigenetic changes in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:2022-2034. [PMID: 30524952 PMCID: PMC6275259 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a risk factor for breast cancer. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), found in cruciferous vegetables, has been identified as an effective chemopreventive agent, and may prevent or treat breast cancer by reversing estrogen‐induced metabolic changes. Here, we investigated metabolic changes in estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells treated with estradiol (E2) and/or SFN to identify key metabolite panels that might provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of the antitumor effects of SFN. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Orbitrap‐MS) were used to obtain the metabolic profiles of MCF‐7 cells. The data were analyzed using Student's t‐test and multivariate statistics, including principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Hydroxymethylation was detected by UPLC‐Orbitrap‐MS and verified by immunofluorescence assay. We report that significant changes in metabolites induced by E2 and SFN were associated with differences in glycolysis and energy metabolism, and also amino acid, purine, and folic acid metabolism. E2 may alter methylation and hydroxymethylation status via the folic acid pathway. We also identified biomarkers that may be of use in interpretation of the metabolic pathways evoked by the effects of E2 and SFN on breast cancer cells. The identified biomarkers associated with metabolic pathways provide new insight into the chemopreventive mechanisms of SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Cao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
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43
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Liang J, Jahraus B, Balta E, Ziegler JD, Hübner K, Blank N, Niesler B, Wabnitz GH, Samstag Y. Sulforaphane Inhibits Inflammatory Responses of Primary Human T-Cells by Increasing ROS and Depleting Glutathione. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2584. [PMID: 30487791 PMCID: PMC6246742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity and function of T-cells are influenced by the intra- and extracellular redox milieu. Oxidative stress induces hypo responsiveness of untransformed T-cells. Vice versa increased glutathione (GSH) levels or decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) prime T-cell metabolism for inflammation, e.g., in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, balancing the T-cell redox milieu may represent a promising new option for therapeutic immune modulation. Here we show that sulforaphane (SFN), a compound derived from plants of the Brassicaceae family, e.g., broccoli, induces a pro-oxidative state in untransformed human T-cells of healthy donors or RA patients. This manifested as an increase of intracellular ROS and a marked decrease of GSH. Consistently, increased global cysteine sulfenylation was detected. Importantly, a major target for SFN-mediated protein oxidation was STAT3, a transcription factor involved in the regulation of TH17-related genes. Accordingly, SFN significantly inhibited the activation of untransformed human T-cells derived from healthy donors or RA patients, and downregulated the expression of the transcription factor RORγt, and the TH17-related cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22, which play a major role within the pathophysiology of many chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. The inhibitory effects of SFN could be abolished by exogenously supplied GSH and by the GSH replenishing antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Together, our study provides mechanistic insights into the mode of action of the natural substance SFN. It specifically exerts TH17 prone immunosuppressive effects on untransformed human T-cells by decreasing GSH and accumulation of ROS. Thus, SFN may offer novel clinical options for the treatment of TH17 related chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Jahraus
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emre Balta
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline D. Ziegler
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hübner
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Blank
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- nCounter Core Facility, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido H. Wabnitz
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Gu C, Zhou YH, Shu WS, Cheng HY, Wang L, Han YP, Zhang YY, Yu ML, Joldersma D, Zhang SL. RNA-Seq analysis unveils gene regulation of fruit size cooperatively determined by velocity and duration of fruit swelling in peach. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:320-336. [PMID: 29603750 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit swelling determines fruit size and usually occurs in two distinct time periods in peach. However, little is known about the gene regulation of fruit swelling. In this study, measurements of longitudinal and transverse diameters in developing and ripening peach fruits unveiled two periods of fruit swelling: the first swelling ends at approximately 65 days after flower blooming (DAFB) and the second swelling starts at approximately 75 DAFB. Comparisons of diameters sizes and development periods among cultivars and accessions revealed a cooperative regulation of swelling velocity and swelling duration, which leads to final determination of fruit size. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing was conducted for fruits at the initial swelling, non-swelling interval between the two swellings (hereafter, 'the interval'), second swelling and ripening stages. A total of 110 and 128 differentially expressed genes were screened from fruits in the first and second swelling, respectively. Besides, the nine most differentially expressed genes located within the reported quantitative trait locations (QTLs) of fruit size in peach were detected in both the first and second swelling stages. Those genes have been reported to be involved in mediating cell size, which indicates the occurrence of both cell proliferation and cell expansion in each of the two major periods of fruit swelling. In addition, a potential gene regulation network is proposed herein and could be used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of peach fruit swellings mediated by multiple key genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhou
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hai-Yan Cheng
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yue-Peng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yu-Yan Zhang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ming-Liang Yu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Dirk Joldersma
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- College of Horticulture/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Yang F, Wang F, Liu Y, Wang S, Li X, Huang Y, Xia Y, Cao C. Sulforaphane induces autophagy by inhibition of HDAC6-mediated PTEN activation in triple negative breast cancer cells. Life Sci 2018; 213:149-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Yamaguchi M, Osuka S, Hankinson O, Murata T. Prolonged survival of renal cancer patients is concomitant with a higher regucalcin gene expression in tumor tissues: Overexpression of regucalcin suppresses the growth of human renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:188-198. [PMID: 30387835 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is a type of cancer found in the kidney tubule, is among the 10 most frequently occurring human cancers. Regucalcin plays a potential role as a regulator of transcriptional activity, and its downregulated expression or activity may contribute to the promotion of human cancers. In this study, we investigated the involvement of regucalcin in human RCC. Regucalcin expression was compared in 23 normal and 29 tumor samples of kidney cortex tissues of patients with clear cell RCC obtained through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE36895). Regucalcin expression was downregulated in the tumor tissues. The prolonged survival of patients with clear cell RCC was demonstrated to be associated with a higher regucalcin gene expression in the TCGA dataset. The overexpression of regucalcin suppressed the colony formation, proliferation and the death of human clear cell RCC A498 cells in vitro. Mechanistically, the overexpression of regucalcin induced the G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest of A498 cells through the suppression of multiple signaling components, including Ras, PI3 kinase, Akt and mitogen‑activated protein (MAP) kinase. Importantly, the overexpression of regucalcin led to an elevation in the levels of the tumor suppressors, p53, Rb and the cell cycle inhibitor, p21. The levels of the transcription factors, c‑fos, c‑jun, nuclear factor‑κB p65, β‑catenin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, were suppressed by regucalcin overexpression. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that regucalcin plays a suppressive role in the promotion of human RCC. The overexpression of regucalcin by gene delivery systems may thus prove to be a novel therapeutic strategy for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095‑1732, USA
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Oliver Hankinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095‑1732, USA
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468‑8503, Japan
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Yamaguchi M, Osuka S, Murata T. Prolonged survival of patients with colorectal cancer is associated with a higher regucalcin gene expression: Overexpression of regucalcin suppresses the growth of human colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1313-1322. [PMID: 29956741 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Regucalcin plays a crucial role as a regulator of transcriptional signaling activity, and its decreased expression or activity may contribute to the promotion of human carcinogenesis. A higher regucalcin expression in the tumor tissues has been demonstrated to prolong the survival of patients with various types of cancer, including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and lung adenocarcinoma. The involvement of regucalcin in human colorectal cancer was investigated in the current study. Regucalcin gene expression and the survival data of 62 patients with colorectal cancer were obtained though the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE12945) for outcome analysis. The data of gene expression revealed that the prolonged survival of patients with colorectal cancer was associated with a higher regucalcin gene expression in tumor tissues. The overexpression of regucalcin suppressed colony formation and proliferation, and induced the death of human colorectal carcinoma RKO cells cultured in a medium containing fetal bovine serum in vitro. Mechanistically, the overexpression of regucalcin induced the G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest of the RKO cells through the suppression of multiple signaling pathways, including Ras, Akt, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and SAPK/JNK. Of note, the overexpression of regucalcin induced an increase in the levels of the tumor suppressors, p53 and Rb, and the cell cycle inhibitor, p21. Moreover, the levels of the transcription factors, c‑fos, c‑jun, nuclear factor (NF)‑κB p65, β-catenin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), were suppressed by the overexpression of regucalcin. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that regucalcin plays a crucial role as a suppressor in human colorectal cancer, and that the suppressed expression of the regucalcin gene may predispose patients to the promotion of colorectal cancer. The overexpression of regucalcin by gene delivery may thus prove to be a novel therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA
| | - Satoru Osuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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Carpenter EL, Le MN, Miranda CL, Reed RL, Stevens JF, Indra AK, Ganguli-Indra G. Photoprotective Properties of Isothiocyanate and Nitrile Glucosinolate Derivatives From Meadowfoam ( Limnanthes alba) Against UVB Irradiation in Human Skin Equivalent. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:477. [PMID: 29867483 PMCID: PMC5962701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of the skin leads to numerous dermatological concerns including skin cancer and accelerated aging. Natural product glucosinolate derivatives, like sulforaphane, have been shown to exhibit chemopreventive and photoprotective properties. In this study, we examined meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) glucosinolate derivatives, 3-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate (MBITC) and 3-methoxyphenyl acetonitrile (MPACN), for their activity in protecting against the consequences of UV exposure. To that end, we have exposed human primary epidermal keratinocytes (HPEKs) and 3D human skin reconstructed in vitro (EpiDermTM FT-400) to UVB insult and investigated whether MBITC and MPACN treatment ameliorated the harmful effects of UVB damage. Activity was determined by the compounds’ efficacy in counteracting UVB-induced DNA damage, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, and proliferation. We found that in monolayer cultures of HPEK, MBITC and MPACN did not protect against a UVB-induced loss in proliferation and MBITC itself inhibited cell proliferation. However, in human reconstructed skin-equivalents, MBITC and MPACN decrease epidermal cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and significantly reduce total phosphorylated γH2A.X levels. Both MBITC and MPACN inhibit UVB-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression indicating their role to prevent photoaging. Both compounds, and MPACN in particular, showed activity against UVB-induced proliferation as indicated by fewer epidermal PCNA+ cells and prevented UVB-induced hyperplasia as determined by a reduction in reconstructed skin epidermal thickness (ET). These data demonstrate that MBITC and MPACN exhibit promising anti-photocarcinogenic and anti-photoaging properties in the skin microenvironment and could be used for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Mai N Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ralph L Reed
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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49
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Giono LE, Resnick-Silverman L, Carvajal LA, St Clair S, Manfredi JJ. Mdm2 promotes Cdc25C protein degradation and delays cell cycle progression through the G2/M phase. Oncogene 2017; 36:6762-6773. [PMID: 28806397 PMCID: PMC6002854 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Upon different types of stress, the gene encoding the mitosis-promoting phosphatase Cdc25C is transcriptionally repressed by p53, contributing to p53's enforcement of a G2 cell cycle arrest. In addition, Cdc25C protein stability is also decreased following DNA damage. Mdm2, another p53 target gene, encodes a ubiquitin ligase that negatively regulates p53 levels by ubiquitination. Ablation of Mdm2 by siRNA led to an increase in p53 protein and repression of Cdc25C gene expression. However, Cdc25C protein levels were actually increased following Mdm2 depletion. Mdm2 is shown to negatively regulate Cdc25C protein levels by reducing its half-life independently of the presence of p53. Further, Mdm2 physically interacts with Cdc25C and promotes its degradation through the proteasome in a ubiquitin-independent manner. Either Mdm2 overexpression or Cdc25C downregulation delays cell cycle progression through the G2/M phase. Thus, the repression of the Cdc25C promoter by p53, together with p53-dependent induction of Mdm2 and subsequent degradation of Cdc25C, could provide a dual mechanism by which p53 can enforce and maintain a G2/M cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Giono
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Resnick-Silverman
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - L A Carvajal
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S St Clair
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J J Manfredi
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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50
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Janczewski Ł, Psurski M, Świtalska M, Gajda A, Goszczyński TM, Oleksyszyn J, Wietrzyk J, Gajda T. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of ω-(Isothiocyanato)alkylphosphinates and Phosphine Oxides as Antiproliferative Agents. ChemMedChem 2017; 13:105-115. [PMID: 29171934 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 21 novel, structurally diverse ω-(isothiocyanato)alkylphosphinates and phosphine oxides (ITCs) were designed and synthesized in moderate to good yields. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative activity using LoVo and LoVo/DX cancer cell lines. The biological activity of the synthesized compounds was higher than that of natural isothiocyanates such as benzyl isothiocyanate or sulforaphane. The antiproliferative activity of selected ITCs was also tested on selected cancer cell lines: A549, MESSA and MESSA/DX-5, HL60 and HL60MX2, BALB/3T3, and 4T1. These compounds were assessed for their mechanism of action as inducers of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Ethyl (6-isothiocyanatohexyl)(phenyl)phosphinate (71) was tested in vivo on the 4T1 cell line and demonstrated moderate antitumor activity, similar to that benzyl isothiocyanate and cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janczewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Goszczyński
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Oleksyszyn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
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