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Zhao Z, Li T, Yuan Y, Zhu Y. What is new in cancer-associated fibroblast biomarkers? Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:96. [PMID: 37143134 PMCID: PMC10158035 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is one of the important drivers of tumor development. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor stroma and actively participate in tumor development, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and other biological behaviors. CAFs are a highly heterogeneous group of cells, a reflection of the diversity of their origin, biomarkers, and functions. The diversity of CAF origin determines the complexity of CAF biomarkers, and CAF subpopulations expressing different biomarkers may play contrasting roles in tumor progression. In this review, we provide an overview of these emerging CAF biomarkers and the biological functions that they suggest, which may give a better understanding of the relationship between CAFs and tumor cells and be of great significance for breakthroughs in precision targeted therapy for tumors. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), No. 44 of Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), No. 44 of Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 of Nanjing Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), No. 44 of Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, China.
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Firl CEM, Halushka M, Fraser N, Masson M, Cuneo BF, Saxena A, Clancy R, Buyon J. Contribution of S100A4-expressing fibroblasts to anti-SSA/Ro-associated atrioventricular nodal calcification and soluble S100A4 as a biomarker of clinical severity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114808. [PMID: 37090702 PMCID: PMC10117984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification disrupting conduction tissue architecture are histopathological lesions characterizing cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus (cardiac-NL) associated with maternal anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. Objectives Increased appreciation of heterogeneity in fibroblasts encourages re-examination of existing models with the consideration of multiple fibroblast subtypes (and their unique functional differences) in mind. This study addressed fibroblast heterogeneity by examining expression of α-Smooth Muscle Actin (myofibroblasts) and of S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4 (S100A4). Methods Using a previously established model of rheumatic scarring/fibrosis in vitro, supported by the evaluation of cord blood from cardiac-NL neonates and their healthy (anti-SSA/Ro-exposed) counterparts, and autopsy tissue from fetuses dying with cardiac-NL, the current study was initiated to more clearly define and distinguish the S100A4-positive fibroblast in the fetal cardiac environment. Results S100A4 immunostaining was observed in 4 cardiac-NL hearts with positional identity in the conduction system at regions of dystrophic calcification but not fibrotic zones, the latter containing only myofibroblasts. In vitro, fibroblasts cultured with supernatants of macrophages transfected with hY3 (noncoding ssRNA) differentiated into myofibroblasts or S100A4+ fibroblasts. Myofibroblasts expressed collagen while S100A4+ fibroblasts expressed pro-angiogenic cytokines and proteases that degrade collagen. Cord blood levels of S100A4 in anti-SSA/Ro-exposed neonates tracked disease severity and, in discordant twins, distinguished affected from unaffected. Conclusions These findings position the S100A4+ fibroblast alongside the canonical myofibroblast in the pathogenesis of cardiac-NL. Neonatal S100A4 levels support a novel biomarker of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E. M. Firl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marc Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicola Fraser
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mala Masson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bettina F. Cuneo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschultz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Amit Saxena
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Clancy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jill Buyon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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3
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A functional role of S100A4/non-muscle myosin IIA axis for pro-tumorigenic vascular functions in glioblastoma. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:46. [PMID: 35392912 PMCID: PMC8991692 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumor and has vascular-rich features. The S100A4/non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) axis contributes to aggressive phenotypes in a variety of human malignancies, but little is known about its involvement in GBM tumorigenesis. Herein, we examined the role of the S100A4/NMIIA axis during tumor progression and vasculogenesis in GBM. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry for S100A4, NMIIA, and two hypoxic markers, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), in samples from 94 GBM cases. The functional impact of S100A4 knockdown and hypoxia were also assessed using a GBM cell line. RESULTS In clinical GBM samples, overexpression of S100A4 and NMIIA was observed in both non-pseudopalisading (Ps) and Ps (-associated) perinecrotic lesions, consistent with stabilization of HIF-1α and CA9. CD34(+) microvascular densities (MVDs) and the interaction of S100A4 and NMIIA were significantly higher in non-Ps perinecrotic lesions compared to those in Ps perinecrotic areas. In non-Ps perinecrotic lesions, S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(-) GBM cells were recruited to the surface of preexisting host vessels in the vascular-rich areas. Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA expression was found in S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(+) GBM cells adjacent to the vascular-rich areas. In addition, GBM patients with high S100A4 protein expression had significantly worse OS and PFS than did patients with low S100A4 expression. Knockdown of S100A4 in the GBM cell line KS-1 decreased migration capability, concomitant with decreased Slug expression; the opposite effects were elicited by blebbistatin-dependent inhibition of NMIIA. CONCLUSION S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(-) GBM cells are recruited to (and migrate along) preexisting vessels through inhibition of NMIIA activity. This is likely stimulated by extracellular VEGF that is released by S100A4(+)/HIF-1α(+) tumor cells in non-Ps perinecrotic lesions. In turn, these events engender tumor progression via acceleration of pro-tumorigenic vascular functions. Video abstract.
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Treese C, Hartl K, Pötzsch M, Dahlmann M, von Winterfeld M, Berg E, Hummel M, Timm L, Rau B, Walther W, Daum S, Kobelt D, Stein U. S100A4 Is a Strong Negative Prognostic Marker and Potential Therapeutic Target in Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach and Esophagus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061056. [PMID: 35326507 PMCID: PMC8947340 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated Wnt-signaling is a key mechanism driving metastasis in adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction and stomach (AGE/S). The oncogene S100A4 was identified as a Wnt-signaling target gene and is known to promote metastasis. In this project, we illuminate the role of S100A4 for metastases development and disease prognosis of AGE/S. Five gastric cancer cell lines were assessed for S100A4 expression. Two cell lines with endogenous high S100A4 expression were used for functional phenotyping including analysis of proliferation and migration after stable S100A4 knock-down. The prognostic value of S100A4 was evaluated by analyzing the S100A4 expression of tissue microarrays with samples of 277 patients with AGE/S. S100A4 knock-down induced lower migration in FLO1 and NCI-N87 cells. Treatment with niclosamide in these cells led to partial inhibition of S100A4 and to reduced migration. Patients with high S100A4 expression showed lower 5-year overall and disease-specific survival. In addition, a larger share of patients in the S100A4 high expressing group suffered from metachronous metastasis. This study identifies S100A4 as a negative prognostic marker for patients with AGE/S. The strong correlation between S100A4 expression, metastases development and patient survival might open opportunities to use S100A4 to improve the prognosis of these patients and as a therapeutic target for intervention in this tumor entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Treese
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.); or (K.H.); (M.D.); (W.W.); (D.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (M.P.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kimberly Hartl
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.); or (K.H.); (M.D.); (W.W.); (D.K.)
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Pötzsch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (M.P.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Matthias Dahlmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.); or (K.H.); (M.D.); (W.W.); (D.K.)
| | - Moritz von Winterfeld
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (M.v.W.); (E.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Erika Berg
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (M.v.W.); (E.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (M.v.W.); (E.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Lena Timm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (M.P.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Beate Rau
- Department of Surgery, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.); or (K.H.); (M.D.); (W.W.); (D.K.)
| | - Severin Daum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (M.P.); (L.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.); or (K.H.); (M.D.); (W.W.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (C.T.); or (K.H.); (M.D.); (W.W.); (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Gong N, Shi L, Bing X, Li H, Hu H, Zhang P, Yang H, Guo N, Du H, Xia M, Liu C. S100A4/TCF Complex Transcription Regulation Drives Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Sinusitis Through Wnt/GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835888. [PMID: 35154161 PMCID: PMC8832002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be involved in the tissue remodeling and long-term inflammatory process of chronic sinusitis (CRS), but the driving mechanism is still unclear. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we performed a proteomic screen of CRS nasal mucosal tissue to identify differentially expressed proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030884. Specifically, we identified S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), an effective factor in inflammation-related diseases, and its downstream protein closely related to tissue fibrosis collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), which suggested its involvement in nasal mucosal tissue remodeling. In addition, stimulation of human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mimicked the inflammatory environment of CRS and showed that S100A4 is involved in regulating EMT and thus accelerating tissue remodeling in the nasal mucosa, both in terms of increased cell motility and overexpression of mesenchymal-type proteins. Additionally, we further investigated the regulation mechanism of S100A4 involved in EMT in CRS. Our research results show that in the inflammatory environment of CRS nasal mucosal epithelial cells, TCF-4 will target to bind to S100A4 and regulate its transcription. The transcription of S100A4 in turn affects the execution of the important signaling pathway in EMT, the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, through the TCF-4/β-catenin complex. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the expression of S100A4 was significantly increased during the progressive EMT process of CRS mucosal epithelial cells, and revealed that the transcriptional regulation of S100A4 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of EMT. This finding will help us to better understand the pathogenesis behind the remodeling in CRS patients, and identify target molecules for the treatment of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyue Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Bing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Houyang Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Huiming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongjie Du
- Department of Biotechnology Research and Development, Qilu Pharmaceutical, Co.Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Xia, ; Chengcheng Liu,
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Xia, ; Chengcheng Liu,
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The Roles of S100A4 and the EGF/EGFR Signaling Axis in Pulmonary Hypertension with Right Ventricular Hypertrophy. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010118. [PMID: 35053115 PMCID: PMC8773074 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure caused by the accumulation of mesenchymal-like cells in the pulmonary vasculature. PH can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and, ultimately, heart failure and death. In PH etiology, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has emerged as a critical process governing the conversion of endothelial cells into mesenchymal cells, and S100A4, EGF, and EGFR are implicated in EndMT. However, a potential role of S100A4, EGF, and EGFR in PH has to date not been elucidated. We therefore quantified S100A4, EGF, and EGFR in patients suffering from chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH). To determine specificity for unilateral heart disease, the EndMT biomarker signature was further compared between PH patients presenting with RVH and patients suffering from aortic valve stenosis (AVS) with left ventricular hypertrophy. Reduced S100A4 concentrations were found in CTEPH and iPAH patients with RVH. Systemic EGF was increased in CTEPH but not in iPAH, while AVS patients displayed slightly diminished EGF levels. EGFR was downregulated in all patient groups when compared to healthy controls. Longitudinal data analysis revealed no effect of surgical therapies on EndMT markers. Pulmonary thrombo-endarterectomized samples were devoid of S100A4, while S100A4 tissue expression positively correlated with higher grades of Heath–Edwards histopathological lesions of iPAH-derived lung tissue. Histologically, EGFR was not detectable in CTEPH lungs or in iPAH lesions. Together, our data suggest an intricate role for S100A4 and EGF/EGFR in PH with right heart pathology.
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Sakic A, Chaabane C, Ambartsumian N, Klingelhöfer J, Lemeille S, Kwak BR, Grigorian M, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Neutralization of S100A4 induces stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques: role of smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:141-155. [PMID: 33135065 PMCID: PMC8752361 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS During atherosclerosis, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) accumulate in the intima where they switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. From porcine coronary artery, we isolated spindle-shaped (S) SMCs exhibiting features of the contractile phenotype and rhomboid (R) SMCs typical of the synthetic phenotype. S100A4 was identified as a marker of R-SMCs in vitro and intimal SMCs, in pig and man. S100A4 exhibits intra- and extracellular functions. In this study, we investigated the role of extracellular S100A4 in SMC phenotypic transition. METHODS AND RESULTS S-SMCs were treated with oligomeric recombinant S100A4 (oS100A4), which induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. Treatment of S-SMCs with oS100A4 in combination with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB induced a complete SMC transition towards a pro-inflammatory R-phenotype associated with NF-κB activation, through toll-like receptor-4. RNA sequencing of cells treated with oS100A4/PDGF-BB revealed a strong up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes and enrichment of transcription factor binding sites essential for SMC phenotypic transition. In a mouse model of established atherosclerosis, neutralization of extracellular S100A4 decreased area of atherosclerotic lesions, necrotic core, and CD68 expression and increased α-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain expression. CONCLUSION We suggest that the neutralization of extracellular S100A4 promotes the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Extracellular S100A4 could be a new target to influence the evolution of atherosclerotic plaques.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/drug therapy
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/antagonists & inhibitors
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/metabolism
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Smooth Muscle Myosins/metabolism
- Sus scrofa
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Sakic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chiraz Chaabane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noona Ambartsumian
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg Klingelhöfer
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mariam Grigorian
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Svendsen HA, Meling TR, Nygaard V, Waagene S, Russnes H, Juell S, Rogne SG, Pahnke J, Helseth E, Fodstad Ø, Mælandsmo GM. Novel human melanoma brain metastasis models in athymic nude fox1 nu mice: Site-specific metastasis patterns reflecting their clinical origin. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8604-8613. [PMID: 34612023 PMCID: PMC8633237 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanomas frequently metastasize to the brain, but metastases in the cerebellum are underrepresented compared with metastases in the cerebrum. METHODS We established animal models by injecting intracardially in athymic nude fox1nu mice two human melanoma cell lines, originating from a cerebral metastasis (HM19) and a cerebellar metastasis (HM86). RESULTS Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), metastases were first detected after a mean of 34.5 days. Mean survival time was 59.6 days for the mice in the HM86 group and significantly shorter (43.7 days) for HM19-injected animals (p < 0.001). In the HM86 group, the first detectable metastasis was located in the cerebellum in 15/55 (29%) mice compared with none in the HM19 group (p < 0.001). At sacrifice, cerebellar metastases were found in 34/55 (63%) HM86-injected mice compared with 1/53 (2%) in the HM19-injected (p < 0.001) mice. At that time, all mice in both groups had detectable metastases in the cerebrum. Comparing macroscopic and histologic appearances of the brain metastases with their clinical counterparts, the cell line-based tumors had kept their original morphologic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The present work demonstrates that human brain-metastatic melanoma cells injected intracardially in mice had retained inherent characteristics also in reproducing interaction with subtle microenvironmental brain tissue compartment-specific features. The models offer new possibilities for investigating tumor- and host-associated factors involved in determining tissue specificity of brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik A. Svendsen
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of NeurosurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Torstein R. Meling
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of NeurosurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of NeurosurgeryGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Vigdis Nygaard
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Stein Waagene
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Hege Russnes
- Department of PathologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Siri Juell
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Siril G. Rogne
- Department of NeurosurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PathologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- LIEDUniversity of LübeckJenaGermany
- Department of PharmacologyMedical FacultyUniversity of LatviaRigaLatvia
| | - Eirik Helseth
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of NeurosurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
- Østfold Hospital TrustGrålumNorway
| | - Gunhild M. Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital‐RadiumhospitaletOsloNorway
- Institute of Medical BiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Tromsø ‐ The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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Santolla MF, Talia M, Maggiolini M. S100A4 Is Involved in Stimulatory Effects Elicited by the FGF2/FGFR1 Signaling Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094720. [PMID: 33946884 PMCID: PMC8124532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast tumor subtype characterized by poor clinical outcome. In recent years, numerous advancements have been made to better understand the biological landscape of TNBC, though appropriate targets still remain to be determined. In the present study, we have determined that the expression levels of FGF2 and S100A4 are higher in TNBC with respect to non-TNBC patients when analyzing “The Invasive Breast Cancer Cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA) dataset. In addition, we have found that the gene expression of FGF2 is positively correlated with S100A4 in TNBC samples. Performing quantitative PCR, Western blot, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, promoter studies, immunofluorescence analysis, subcellular fractionation studies, and ChIP assays, we have also demonstrated that FGF2 induces in TNBC cells the upregulation and secretion of S100A4 via FGFR1, along with the ERK1/2–AKT–c-Rel transduction signaling. Using conditioned medium from TNBC cells stimulated with FGF2, we have also ascertained that the paracrine activation of the S100A4/RAGE pathway triggers angiogenic effects in vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promotes the migration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Collectively, our data provide novel insights into the action of the FGF2/FGFR1 axis through S100A4 toward stimulatory effects elicited in TNBC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/physiology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/physiology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Paracrine Communication
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel/physiology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/physiology
- S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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10
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Analysis of the Gene Expression Profile of Stromal Pro-Tumor Factors in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts from Luminal Breast Carcinomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110865. [PMID: 33114046 PMCID: PMC7690699 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminal tumors are the most frequent type of breast carcinomas showing less tumor aggressiveness, although heterogeneity exists in their clinical outcomes. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumor stroma which contribute to tumor progression. We investigated by real-time PCR the gene expression of 19 factors implicated in tumor progression. Those factors included the calcium-binding protein S100A4, several growth factors (FGF2, FGF7, HGF, PDGFA, PDGFB, TGFβ, VEGFA, and IGF2), and we also studied inflammatory cytokines (IL6 and IL8), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL12), important proteases (uPA, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP11), the nuclear factor NFκB, and the metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP1, from luminal A and luminal B breast carcinoma CAFs. We performed a similar analysis after co-culturing CAFs with MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. MMP-9 and CCL2 gene expressions were higher in CAFs from luminal B tumors. We also found different patterns in the induction of pro-tumoral factors from different CAFs populations co-cultured with different cancer cell lines. Globally, CAFs from luminal B tumors showed a higher expression of pro-tumor factors compared to CAFs from luminal A tumors when co-cultured with breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, we found that CAFs from metastatic tumors had higher IGF-2 gene expression, and we detected the same after co-culture with cell lines. Our results show the variability in the capacities of CAFs from luminal breast carcinomas, which may contribute to a better biological and clinical characterization of these cancer subtypes.
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11
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Azizian-Farsani F, Abedpoor N, Hasan Sheikhha M, Gure AO, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K. Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Acts as a Fuel to Colorectal Cancer Development. Front Oncol 2020; 10:552283. [PMID: 33117687 PMCID: PMC7551201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.552283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand binding and single-pass transmembrane protein taken in diverse chronic inflammatory conditions. RAGE behaves as a pattern recognition receptor, which binds and is engaged in the cellular response to a variety of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, as well as HMGB1, S100 proteins, and AGEs (advanced glycation end-products). The RAGE activation turns out to a formation of numerous intracellular signaling mechanisms, resulting in the progression and prolongation of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The RAGE expression correlates well with the survival of colon cancer cells. RAGE is involved in the tumorigenesis, which increases and develops well in the stressed tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarized downstream signaling cascade activated by the multiligand activation of RAGE, as well as RAGE ligands and their sources, clinical studies, and tumor markers related to RAGE particularly in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in CRC. Furthermore, the role of RAGE signaling pathway in CRC patients with diabetic mellitus is investigated. RAGE has been reported to drive assorted signaling pathways, including activator protein 1, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, SMAD family member 4 (Smad4), mitogen-activated protein kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, reticular activating system, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and Glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and even microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Reasearch (ACECR), Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Reasearch (ACECR), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Reasearch (ACECR), Isfahan, Iran.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Bi YN, Guan JP, Wang L, Li P, Yang FX. Clinical significance of microRNA-125b and its contribution to ovarian carcinogenesis. Bioengineered 2020; 11:939-948. [PMID: 32842846 PMCID: PMC8291798 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1814660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of recurrence and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the clinical significance of microRNA-125b (miR-125b) and its role in ovarian tumorigenesis and progression. Seventy patients of EOC and paired tissues were enrolled from 2015 to 2017. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate miR-125b expression in tumor tissues and EOC cell line. Gain-and-loss function of miR-125b was achieved to explore the changes in cell biological function. We found that miR-125b expression in EOC tissues, especially in the high-grade tissues (P < 0.001), was significantly lower compared to the matched adjacent noncancerous tissues and associated with pathological type, stage, and overall survival (P < 0.05). Upregulation of miR-125b promoted apoptosis and decreased cell survival rate and migration, and vice versa in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-125b negatively regulated S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein. MiR-125b overexpression significantly decreased tumor growth and inhibited lung metastasis in vivo. Our results supported that miR-125b contributes to the progression of EOC by targeting S100A4. It potentially acts as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Bi
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Ping Guan
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Huangdao, Shandong, China
| | - Feng-Xia Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Huangdao, Shandong, China
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13
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Lunin S, Khrenov M, Glushkova O, Parfenyuk S, Novoselova T, Novoselova E. Precursors of thymic peptides as stress sensors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1461-1475. [PMID: 32700610 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1800636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large volume of data indicates that the known thymic hormones, thymulin, thymopoietin, thymosin-α, thymosin-β, and thymic humoral factor-y2, exhibit different spectra of activities. Although large in volume, available data are rather fragmented, resulting in a lack of understanding of the role played by thymic hormones in immune homeostasis. AREA COVERED Existing data compartmentalizes the effect of thymic peptides into 2 categories: influence on immune cells and interconnection with neuroendocrine systems. The current study draws attention to a third aspect of the thymic peptide effect that has not been clarified yet, wherein ubiquitous and highly abundant intranuclear precursors of so called 'thymic peptides' play a fundamental role in all somatic cells. EXPERT OPINION Our analysis indicated that, under certain stress-related conditions, these precursors are cleaved to form immunologically active peptides that rapidly leave the nucleus and intracellular spaces, to send 'distress signals' to the immune system, thereby acting as stress sensors. We propose that these peptides may form a link between somatic cells and immune as well as neuroendocrine systems. This model may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying immune homeostasis, leading thereby to the development of new therapeutic regimes utilizing the characteristics of thymic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Lunin
- Laboratory of Reception Mechanisms, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS , Pushchino, Russia
| | - Maxim Khrenov
- Laboratory of Reception Mechanisms, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS , Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga Glushkova
- Laboratory of Reception Mechanisms, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS , Pushchino, Russia
| | - Svetlana Parfenyuk
- Laboratory of Reception Mechanisms, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS , Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatyana Novoselova
- Laboratory of Reception Mechanisms, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS , Pushchino, Russia
| | - E Novoselova
- Laboratory of Reception Mechanisms, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PSCBR RAS , Pushchino, Russia
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14
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Xu J, Gross N, Zang Y, Cao S, Yang F, Yang Z, Yu W, Lei D, Pan X. Overexpression of S100A4 Predicts Migration, Invasion, and Poor Prognosis of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 23:407-417. [PMID: 30868407 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is among the most lethal tumors encountered in the head and neck and frequently involves regional metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying the aggressiveness of HSCC remains elusive. S100A4 is a well-established metastasis-promoting regulator in a variety of malignancies, but its role in HSCC has not yet been identified. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to explore the expression levels of S100A4 in HSCC tumors and its association with clinicopathological parameters and the clinical prognosis of HSCC and to confirm its role in the metastatic process of the HSCC FaDu cell line in vitro. METHODS We assessed the expression levels of S100A4 with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HSCC tumors (n = 71) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 44). In vitro experiments were performed to explore the impact of S100A4 knockdown on biological phenotypes of human HSCC FaDu cell line, including migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. RESULTS The expression of S100A4 was elevated in HSCC tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues and positively correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis in this HSCC patient cohort. In vitro experiments showed that S100A4 knockdown significantly impaired migration and invasion and increased the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase with no change in proliferation or apoptosis in FaDu cells. Additionally, nuclear S100A4 expression proved to be an independent prognostic indicator in patients with HSCC. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated for the first time that S100A4 expression is upregulated in HSCC tumors and that this upregulation is positively correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis of this malignancy. The metastasis-promoting role of S100A4 was further validated in the HSCC FaDu cell line, indicating that S100A4 is a potential therapeutic target for HSCC. Furthermore, this study suggests that nuclear S100A4 expression could be considered a prognostic biomarker for HSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Neil Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuanwei Zang
- Department of Urology,Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shengda Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Feilong Yang
- Department of Urology,Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Dapeng Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinliang Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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15
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Li Z, Li Y, Liu S, Qin Z. Extracellular S100A4 as a key player in fibrotic diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5973-5983. [PMID: 32307910 PMCID: PMC7294136 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells that sometimes leads to irreversible organ dysfunction. Considerable evidence now indicates that inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of organ fibrosis. S100A4 protein, a ubiquitous member of the S100 family, has recently been discovered as a potential factor implicated in fibrotic diseases. S100A4 protein is released at inflammatory site and has a certain biological function to promote cell motility, invasion, ECM remodelling, autophagy and angiogenesis. In addition, extracellular S100A4 is also a potential causation of inflammatory processes and induces the release of cytokines and growth factors under different pathological conditions. Elevated S100A4 level in patients’ serum closely correlates with disease activity in several fibrotic diseases and serves as a useful biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Analyses of knockout mouse models have identified a functional role of extracellular S100A4 protein in fibrotic diseases, suggesting that suppressing its expression, release or function might be a promising therapeutic strategy. This review will focus on the role of extracellular S100A4 as a key regulator of pro‐inflammatory signalling pathways and its relative biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Yang L, Song L, Ma D, Zhang J, Xie H, Wu H, Liu H, Yu S, Liang H, Zhang P, Cui L, Yuan H, Chen L. Plasma S100A4 level and cardiovascular risk in patients with unstable angina pectoris. Biomark Med 2019; 13:1459-1467. [PMID: 31596125 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated whether S100A4 level is associated with pathophysiology of unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and its potential prognostic value for subsequent cardiovascular events. Methods: We compared plasma levels of S100A4 and a set of clinical markers in three groups (59 with UAP, 32 with stable angina pectoris and 30 healthy controls). Results: S100A4 levels in patients with UAP were significantly elevated. In UAP group, baseline S100A4 levels were significantly higher in patients with subsequent cardiovascular events than those without, a positive correlation was identified between the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events and the plasma levels of S100A4. Conclusion: Elevated S100A4 levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of UAP, and may be a marker predictive of post-treatment cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Danfeng Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongpeng Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, PR China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Zhoucun People's Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hengyi Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lianqun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, PR China
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17
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Abstract
The metastasis-promoting S100A4 protein, a member of the S100 family, has recently been discovered as a potent factor implicated in various inflammation-associated diseases. S100A4 is involved in a range of biological functions such as angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, motility, and invasion. Moreover, S100A4 is also a potent trigger of inflammatory processes and induces the release of cytokines and growth factors under different pathological conditions.Indeed, the release of S100A4 upon stress and mainly its pro-inflammatory role emerges as the most decisive activity in disease development, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc) allergy, psoriasis, and cancer. In the scope of this review, we will focus on the role of S100A4 as a mediator of pro-inflammatory pathways and its associated biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of various human noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer.
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18
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Shang Y, Zhang Z, Ba H, Wang D, Qi X, Li C. S100A4: a novel partner for heat shock protein 47 in antler stem cells and insight into the calcium ion-induced conformational changes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2068-2079. [PMID: 31204596 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1630002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
S100A4 is a multiple-function protein highly expressed in tumor or stem cells. We found S100A4 was a novel protein partner for heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) in deer antlerogenic periosteum cells (AP cells), indicating that S100A4 could bind with HSP47. S100A4 had both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent patterns (labeled as SCd and SCi, respectively) to execute different biological activities. Homology models of HSP47, SCd and SCi were constructed. HSP47:collagen model, HSP47:collagen I-V, HSP47:SCd and HSP47:SCi complexes were built using ZDOCK software. Together with free SCd and SCi, 200 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to analyze binding free energies and SCi/SCd conformational changes. The energetic results showed that SCi had the strongest affinity to HSP47, and followed by collagens. SCd had little interaction with HSP47. Decomposition energy results showed that collagen model interacted with HSP47 mainly though neutral amino acids. When SCi bound with HSP47, the majority of mediated amino acids were charged. These results indicated that SCi could compete with collagen on the binding site of HSP47. Root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) values and cross-correlation matrices of principal component analysis (PCA) were calculated to evaluate the SCi/SCd structural variation during MD simulation. Both HSP47 and Ca2+ could stabilize the conformation of SCi/SCd. The loops interacting with Ca2+s and linking the two EF-hand motifs were impacted particularly. The relative moving directions of α-helices in EF-hands were distinct by the binding effect of HSP47 and Ca2+. We found that SCi may regulate the differentiation of AP cells by disturbing the interaction between HSP47 and collagen. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Shang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengxing Ba
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Datao Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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19
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Ackerman JE, Nichols AEC, Studentsova V, Best KT, Knapp E, Loiselle AE. Cell non-autonomous functions of S100a4 drive fibrotic tendon healing. eLife 2019; 8:e45342. [PMID: 31124787 PMCID: PMC6546390 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of pro-regenerative approaches to improve tendon healing is critically important as the fibrotic healing response impairs physical function. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that S100a4 haploinsufficiency or inhibition of S100a4 signaling improves tendon function following acute injury and surgical repair in a murine model. We demonstrate that S100a4 drives fibrotic tendon healing primarily through a cell non-autonomous process, with S100a4 haploinsufficiency promoting regenerative tendon healing. Moreover, inhibition of S100a4 signaling via antagonism of its putative receptor, RAGE, also decreases scar formation. Mechanistically, S100a4 haploinsufficiency decreases myofibroblast and macrophage content at the site of injury, with both cell populations being key drivers of fibrotic progression. Moreover, S100a4-lineage cells become α-SMA+ myofibroblasts, via loss of S100a4 expression. Using a combination of genetic mouse models, small molecule inhibitors and in vitro studies we have defined S100a4 as a novel, promising therapeutic candidate to improve tendon function after acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Ackerman
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Anne EC Nichols
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Valentina Studentsova
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Katherine T Best
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Emma Knapp
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Alayna E Loiselle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
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20
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Yoshimura H, Otsuka A, Michishita M, Yamamoto M, Ashizawa M, Zushi M, Moriya M, Azakami D, Ochiai K, Matsuda Y, Ishiwata T, Kamiya S, Takahashi K. Expression and Roles of S100A4 in Anaplastic Cells of Canine Mammary Carcinomas. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:389-398. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818823772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
S100A4 (metastasin), a member of the S100 protein family, was initially identified in metastatic cells and is well established as a marker of aggressive human cancer. However, expression and roles of S100A4 in canine mammary tumors have not been clarified. In this study, expression of S100A4 was examined immunohistochemically in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic mammary glands of dogs. In all normal and benign lesions, S100A4 was restricted to a few stromal fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. However, in 7 of 57 (12%) of the malignant tumors examined, cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of S100A4 was observed in epithelial tumor cells and stromal cells. Particularly, the frequency of S100A4-positive anaplastic carcinomas was high (4/8 cases, 50%). Next, we established a novel cell line, named NV-CML, from a S100A4-positive canine mammary carcinoma. The cultured NV-CML cells and the tumors that developed in the immunodeficient mice after subcutaneous injection of the cells maintained the immunophenotype of the original tumor, including S100A4 expression. Using this cell line, we examined the cellular functions of S100A4 using RNA interference. S100A4 expression level in NV-CML cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting canine S100A4 (siS100A4) was reduced to about one-fifth of those with negative-control siRNA (siNeg). Cell proliferation in WST-8 assay and cell migration in Boyden chamber assay were significantly decreased in siS100A4-transfected cells compared with siNeg-transfected cells. These findings suggest that S100A4 may be related to progression of canine mammary carcinomas via its influence on cell growth and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Yoshimura
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Otsuka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minori Ashizawa
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Zushi
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Moriya
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamiya
- Division of Animal Higher Function, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Le Faouder J, Gigante E, Léger T, Albuquerque M, Beaufrère A, Soubrane O, Dokmak S, Camadro J, Cros J, Paradis V. Proteomic Landscape of Cholangiocarcinomas Reveals Three Different Subgroups According to Their Localization and the Aspect of Non‐Tumor Liver. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 13:e1800128. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Faouder
- Paris Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris Cité CRI, UMR 1149, Inserm Clichy F‐92110 France
| | - Elia Gigante
- Paris Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris Cité CRI, UMR 1149, Inserm Clichy F‐92110 France
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology DepartmentSaint‐Antoine HospitalSorbonne University Paris F‐75012 France
| | - Thibaut Léger
- Mass Spectrometry LaboratoryJacques Monod InstituteUMR 7592Paris Diderot University CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité F‐75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Miguel Albuquerque
- Pathology DepartmentBeaujon Hospital Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Clichy F‐92110 France
| | - Aurélie Beaufrère
- Pathology DepartmentBeaujon Hospital Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Clichy F‐92110 France
| | - Olivier Soubrane
- Hepatobiliary Surgery DepartmentBeaujon Hospital Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Clichy F‐92110 France
| | - Safi Dokmak
- Hepatobiliary Surgery DepartmentBeaujon Hospital Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Clichy F‐92110 France
| | - Jean‐Michel Camadro
- Mass Spectrometry LaboratoryJacques Monod InstituteUMR 7592Paris Diderot University CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité F‐75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Paris Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris Cité CRI, UMR 1149, Inserm Clichy F‐92110 France
- Pathology DepartmentBeaujon Hospital Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Clichy F‐92110 France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Paris Diderot UniversitySorbonne Paris Cité CRI, UMR 1149, Inserm Clichy F‐92110 France
- Pathology DepartmentBeaujon Hospital Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris Clichy F‐92110 France
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22
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Meng X, Gao X, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Wu L, Yang M, Wang K, Ren H, Sun B, Wang T. Protective effect and mechanism of rat recombinant S100 calcium-binding protein A4 on oxidative stress injury of rat vascular endothelial cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3614-3622. [PMID: 30127969 PMCID: PMC6096077 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effects and mechanisms of S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) on endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress injury. Endothelial cells were cultured and divided into control and oxidative stress injury groups, with the latter state induced by H2O2. Endothelial cells in every group were incubated with or without 50 or 100 µM S100A4. The cell viability and amounts of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and lactate dehydrogenase in the culture medium were measured. The apoptotic index was detected by TUNEL staining. Western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses were used to detect the expression levels and the association between S100A4 and P53. H2O2 treatment led to oxidative stress injury in the cultured vascular endothelial cells, a decrease in the cell viability and an increase in the rate of apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells compared with the negative control group. Exogenous S100A4 serves a significant function against oxidative stress injury (P<0.05), increasing the viability and attenuating the apoptotic rate of endothelial cells. Western blotting results suggested that the protein levels of S100A4 and P53 increased subsequent to oxidative stress injury and that exogenous S100A4 increased the expression of P53 in the cytoplasm and decreased the expression of P53 in nucleus. The immunoprecipitation assay results revealed a protein-protein interaction between S100A4 and P53. These results suggested that rat recombinant S100A4 serves an anti-apoptotic function in oxidative stress injury. This effect of S100A4 is mediated, at least in part, via the inhibition of the translocation of P53 to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Meng
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, P.R. China
| | - Xiujie Gao
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xuesi Zhou
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China.,Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Tian Jin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Hanlin Ren
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Department of Physiology, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Department of Performance Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
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23
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Hou S, Jiao Y, Yuan Q, Zhai J, Tian T, Sun K, Chen Z, Wu Z, Zhang J. S100A4 protects mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity and inflammation. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1025-1038. [PMID: 29789685 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member from S100 calcium-binding protein family, S100A4 is ubiquitous and elevated in tumor progression and metastasis, but its role in regulating obesity has not been well characterized. In this study, we showed that S100A4 was mainly expressed by stromal cells in adipose tissue and the S100A4 level in adipose tissue was decreased after high-fat diet (HFD). S100A4 deficient mice exhibited aggravated symptoms of obesity and suppressed insulin signaling after 12 weeks of HFD. Aggravated obesity in S100A4 deficient mice were found to be positively correlated with higher inflammatory status of the liver. Then, we found that extracellular S100A4 or overexpressed S100A4 inhibited adipogenesis and decreased mRNA levels of inflammation gene in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro; whereas small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated suppression of S100A4 displayed the opposite results. Additionally, the protective effect induced by S100A4 during HFD-induced obesity was tightly related with activation of Akt signaling in adipose tissues, as well as livers and muscles. Taken together, we demonstrate that S100A4 is an inhibitory factor for obesity and attenuates the inflammatory reaction, while activating the Akt signaling, which suggest that S100A4 is a potential candidate for the treatment of diet-induced obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Hou
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jiao
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yuan
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- The Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tian Tian
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kaiji Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Chen
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, P.R. China.,The Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun Road, Beijing, P.R. China.
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24
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Lu Y, Boswell M, Boswell W, Kneitz S, Hausmann M, Klotz B, Regneri J, Savage M, Amores A, Postlethwait J, Warren W, Schartl M, Walter R. Comparison of Xiphophorus and human melanoma transcriptomes reveals conserved pathway interactions. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:496-508. [PMID: 29316274 PMCID: PMC6013346 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of human and animal model melanomas can uncover conserved pathways and genetic changes that are relevant for the biology of cancer cells. Spontaneous melanoma in Xiphophorus interspecies backcross hybrid progeny may be informative in identifying genes and functional pathways that are similarly related to melanoma development in all vertebrates, including humans. To assess functional pathways involved in the Xiphophorus melanoma, we performed gene expression profiling of the melanomas produced in interspecies BC1 and successive backcross generations (i.e., BC5 ) of the cross: X. hellerii × [X. maculatus Jp 163 A × X. hellerii]. Using RNA-Seq, we identified genes that are transcriptionally co-expressed with the driver oncogene, xmrk. We determined functional pathways in the fish melanoma that are also present in human melanoma cohorts that may be related to dedifferentiation based on the expression levels of pigmentation genes. Shared pathways between human and Xiphophorus melanomas are related to inflammation, cell migration, cell proliferation, pigmentation, cancer development, and metastasis. Our results suggest xmrk co-expressed genes are associated with dedifferentiation and highlight these signaling pathways as playing important roles in melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Mikki Boswell
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - William Boswell
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Physiological Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Physiological Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Klotz
- Physiological Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janine Regneri
- Physiological Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markita Savage
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Angel Amores
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - John Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Wesley Warren
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Physiological Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Texas A&M Institute for Advanced Studies and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Ronald Walter
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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25
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Grisez BT, Ray JJ, Bostian PA, Markel JE, Lindsey BA. Highly metastatic K7M2 cell line: A novel murine model capable of in vivo imaging via luciferase vector transfection. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:10.1002/jor.23868. [PMID: 29427436 PMCID: PMC6086764 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is rare and little improvement in survival rates has occurred in the last 25 years despite modern chemotherapeutic treatment. Bioluminescent cell lines for the modeling of osteosarcoma have shown success in tracking metastases in vivo, but commonly use adenoviral vectors to transfect the native cell line with bioluminescent reporters. The purpose of this study was to develop an orthotopic model for metastatic osteosarcoma capable of in vivo monitoring of metastatic and primary tumor burden in an immunocompetent mouse and compare that model to its wild type pathogenesis. K7M2 cells were transfected using a plasmid vector and were stable after 12 weeks. Thirty-four female BALB/c mice aged 4-5 weeks underwent orthotopic implantation of either wild type (n = 12) or transfected (n = 22) K7M2 cells in the proximal tibia. Mice were monitored for tumor growth and weekly In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) imaging was performed to monitor for pulmonary metastasis. Although tumors developed sooner in the wild type group, no significant differences were seen compared to Transfected Group 1 in rate of inoculation, growth rates after first detection, metastatic rate, and time between inoculation and death. This study establishes a new murine model for metastatic osteosarcoma using the K7M2-wt cell line transfected with a non-viral plasmid luciferase vector. The benefits of this preclinical model include an intact immune system and orthotopically driven metastatic disease; this model appears comparable to its wild type counterpart. In the future, the model may be used to examine promising immunomodulatory therapies using bioluminescence in vivo. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Grisez
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9196
| | - Justin J Ray
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9196
| | - Phillip A Bostian
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9196
| | - Justin E Markel
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9196
| | - Brock A Lindsey
- Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9196
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26
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Wang DT, Chu WH, Sun HM, Ba HX, Li CY. Expression and Functional Analysis of Tumor-Related Factor S100A4 in Antler Stem Cells. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:579-591. [PMID: 28832242 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417727263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual antler renewal is a stem cell-based epimorphic process driven by antler stem cells (ASCs) resident in antlerogenic periosteum (AP). Antlerogenic periosteal cells express a high level of S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein, which intrigued us to explore what role S100A4 could play in antler regeneration. The present study set out to investigate expression and effects of S100A4 in the ASCs and their progeny. The results showed that not only did cells from the AP express a high level of S100A4, but also the pedicle periosteum and the antler growth center. In the antler growth center, we found S100A4-positive cells were specifically located in blood vessel walls and in vascularized areas. In vitro, recombinant deer S100A4 protein stimulated the proliferation of the AP cells, promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation of human vascular endothelial cells, and enhanced migration of Hela cells, but not AP cells. These findings demonstrated that S100A4 in the ASCs may play a significant role in stimulating angiogenesis, proliferation, but not motility, of ASCs. Deer antlers offer a unique model to explore how rapid cell proliferation with a high level of S100A4 expression is elegantly regulated without becoming cancerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Tao Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,State Kay Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Chu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,State Kay Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Xing Ba
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,State Kay Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yi Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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27
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Xia H, Gilbertsen A, Herrera J, Racila E, Smith K, Peterson M, Griffin T, Benyumov A, Yang L, Bitterman PB, Henke CA. Calcium-binding protein S100A4 confers mesenchymal progenitor cell fibrogenicity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2586-2597. [PMID: 28530639 DOI: 10.1172/jci90832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with a prevalence of 1 million persons worldwide. The fibrosis spreads from affected alveoli into contiguous alveoli and leads to death by asphyxiation. We previously discovered that the IPF lung harbors fibrogenic mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) that serve as a cell of origin for disease-mediating myofibroblasts. In a prior genomewide transcriptional analysis, we found that IPF MPCs displayed increased expression of S100 calcium-binding A4 (S100A4), a protein linked to cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Here, we have examined whether S100A4 mediates MPC fibrogenicity. Ex vivo analysis revealed that IPF MPCs had increased levels of nuclear S100A4, which interacts with L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase to promote p53 degradation and MPC self-renewal. In vivo, injection of human IPF MPCs converted a self-limited bleomycin-induced mouse model of lung fibrosis to a model of persistent fibrosis in an S100A4-dependent manner. S100A4 gain of function was sufficient to confer fibrotic properties to non-IPF MPCs. In IPF tissue, fibroblastic foci contained cells expressing Ki67 and the MPC markers SSEA4 and S100A4. The expression colocalized in an interface region between myofibroblasts in the focus core and normal alveolar structures, defining this region as an active fibrotic front. Our findings indicate that IPF MPCs are intrinsically fibrogenic and that S100A4 confers MPCs with fibrogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Timothy Griffin
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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28
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Fei F, Qu J, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang S. S100A4 in cancer progression and metastasis: A systematic review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73219-73239. [PMID: 29069865 PMCID: PMC5641208 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death and directly associates with cancer progression, resistance to anticancer therapy, and poor patient survival. Current efforts focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis attract a special attention to cancer researchers. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a complex of molecular program during embryogenesis, inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and cancer progression and metastasis. S100A4, an important member of S100 family proteins, functions to increase the tumor progression and metastasis. The molecular mechanisms of S100A4 involving in the progression and metastasis are diverse in various malignant tumors. Detection of S100A4 expression becomes a promising candidate biomarker in cancer early diagnosis and prediction of cancer metastasis and therefore, S100A4 may be a therapeutic target. This review summarized up to date advancement on the role of S100A4 in human cancer development, progression, and metastasis and the underlying molecular events and then strategies to target S100A4 expression experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R.China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Jie Qu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R.China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
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29
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Ismail TM, Bennett D, Platt-Higgins AM, Al-Medhity M, Barraclough R, Rudland PS. S100A4 Elevation Empowers Expression of Metastasis Effector Molecules in Human Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:780-789. [PMID: 27927689 PMCID: PMC5321524 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many human glandular cancers metastasize along nerve tracts, but the mechanisms involved are generally poorly understood. The calcium-binding protein S100A4 is expressed at elevated levels in human cancers, where it has been linked to increased invasion and metastasis. Here we report genetic studies in a Drosophila model to define S100A4 effector functions that mediate metastatic dissemination of mutant Ras-induced tumors in the developing nervous system. In flies overexpressing mutant RasVal12 and S100A4, there was a significant increase in activation of the stress kinase JNK and production of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP1. Genetic or chemical blockades of JNK and MMP1 suppressed metastatic dissemination associated with S100A4 elevation, defining required signaling pathway(s) for S100A4 in this setting. In clinical specimens of human breast cancer, elevated levels of the mammalian paralogs MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13 are associated with a 4- to 9-fold relative decrease in patient survival. In individual tumors, levels of MMP2 and MMP13 correlated more closely with levels of S100A4, whereas MMP9 levels correlated more closely with the S100 family member S100P. Overall, our results suggest the existence of evolutionarily conserved pathways used by S100A4 to promote metastatic dissemination, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications for metastasis by cancers that preferentially exploit nerve tract migration routes. Cancer Res; 77(3); 780-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir M Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daimark Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M Platt-Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Morteta Al-Medhity
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Rudland
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Qi R, Qiao T, Zhuang X. Small interfering RNA targeting S100A4 sensitizes non-small-cell lung cancer cells (A549) to radiation treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3753-62. [PMID: 27382312 PMCID: PMC4922784 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of S100A4-small interfering RNA (S100A4-siRNA) on apoptosis and enhanced radiosensitivity in non-small-cell lung cancer (A549) cells. We also explored the mechanisms of radiosensitization and identified a new target to enhance radiosensitivity and gene therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods RNA interference is a powerful tool for gene silencing. In this study, we constructed an effective siRNA to knock down S100A4. A549 cells were randomly divided into three groups: blank, negative control, and S100A4-siRNA. To investigate the effect of S100A4-siRNA, the expression of S100A4, E-cadherin, and p53 proteins and their messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transwell chambers were used to assess cell invasion. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Radiosensitivity was determined by colony formation ability. Results Our results demonstrate that S100A4-siRNA effectively silenced the S100A4 gene. When siRNA against S100A4 was used, S100A4 protein expression was downregulated, whereas the expressions of E-cadherin and p53 were upregulated. In addition, a clear reduction in S100A4 mRNA levels was noted compared with the blank and negative control groups, whereas E-cadherin and p53 mRNA levels increased. Transfection with S100A4-siRNA significantly reduced the invasiveness of A549 cells. S100A4 silencing induced immediate G2/M arrest in cell cycle studies and increased apoptosis rates in A549 cells. In clonogenic assays, we used a multitarget, single-hit model to detect radiosensitivity after S100A4 knockdown. All parameters (D0, Dq, α, β) indicated that the downregulation of S100A4 enhanced radiosensitivity in A549 cells. Furthermore, S100A4-siRNA upregulated p53 expression, suggesting that S100A4 may promote A549 cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by regulating the expression of other proteins. Therefore, siRNA-directed S100A4 knockdown may represent a viable clinical therapy for lung cancer. Conclusion S100A4 downregulation potentially enhances the sensitivity of human A549 cells to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Qi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Lotfi R, Kaltenmeier C, Lotze MT, Bergmann C. Until Death Do Us Part: Necrosis and Oxidation Promote the Tumor Microenvironment. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:120-32. [PMID: 27226794 DOI: 10.1159/000444941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor proliferation is concomitant with autophagy, limited apoptosis, and resultant necrosis. Necrosis is associated with the release of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), which act as 'danger signals', recruiting inflammatory cells, inducing immune responses, and promoting wound healing. Most of the current treatment strategies for cancer (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy) promote DAMP release following therapy-induced tumor death by necroptosis and necrosis. Myeloid cells (monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and granulocytes), as well as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) belong to the early immigrants in response to unscheduled cell death, initiating and modulating the subsequent inflammatory response. Responding to DAMPs, MSCs, and DCs promote an immunosuppressive milieu, while eosinophils induce oxidative conditions limiting the biologic activity of DAMPs over time and distance. Regulatory T cells are strongly affected by pattern recognition receptor signaling in the tumor microenvironment and limit immune reactivity coordinately with myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Means to 'aerobically' oxidize DAMPs provide a novel strategy for limiting tumor progression. The present article summarizes our current understanding of the impact of necrosis on the tumor microenvironment and the influence of oxidative conditions found within this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Lotfi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Services Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christof Kaltenmeier
- University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences G.27A Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences G.27A Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christoph Bergmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Metastasis-associated S100A4 is a specific amine donor and an activity-independent binding partner of transglutaminase-2. Biochem J 2015; 473:31-42. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20150843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
S100A4 and transglutaminase-2 have a role in metastasis. S100A4 is an interaction partner and specific amine substrate of transglutaminase-2, promoting its open conformation and leading to enhanced cell adhesion. Study of their interaction could contribute to the better understanding of metastasis.
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Huang J, Xie Y, Sun X, Zeh HJ, Kang R, Lotze MT, Tang D. DAMPs, ageing, and cancer: The 'DAMP Hypothesis'. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:3-16. [PMID: 25446804 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex and multifactorial process characterized by the accumulation of many forms of damage at the molecular, cellular, and tissue level with advancing age. Ageing increases the risk of the onset of chronic inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, stroke, and neurodegenerative disease. In particular, ageing and cancer share some common origins and hallmarks such as genomic instability, epigenetic alteration, aberrant telomeres, inflammation and immune injury, reprogrammed metabolism, and degradation system impairment (including within the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagic machinery). Recent advances indicate that damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) such as high mobility group box 1, histones, S100, and heat shock proteins play location-dependent roles inside and outside the cell. These provide interaction platforms at molecular levels linked to common hallmarks of ageing and cancer. They can act as inducers, sensors, and mediators of stress through individual plasma membrane receptors, intracellular recognition receptors (e.g., advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptors, AIM2-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and NOD1-like receptors, and toll-like receptors), or following endocytic uptake. Thus, the DAMP Hypothesis is novel and complements other theories that explain the features of ageing. DAMPs represent ideal biomarkers of ageing and provide an attractive target for interventions in ageing and age-associated diseases.
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Li WL, Zhang Y, Liu BG, DU Q, Zhou CX, Tian XS. Correlation between the expression of S100A4 and the efficacy of TAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1983-1989. [PMID: 26640584 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression of S100A4 and the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. A total of 65 patients with invasive breast cancer were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy using the TAC regimen. The expression of S100A4 was detected by an immunohistochemical two-step method prior to treatment, after 2 cycles of chemotherapy and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. Pathological evaluations of the chemotherapy were performed using the Miller and Payne (MP) grading system and their correlation with the changes of S100A4 expression during and after the treatment were explored. Between pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 4 cycles post-chemotherapy, there was a significant difference in the expression of S100A4 (P<0.05); S100A4 expression was associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, between pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 2 cycles post-chemotherapy, there was no significant difference in the expression of S100A4 (P>0.05). The intensity and changes of S100A4 expression were positively correlated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (r=0.259, P<0.05). When patients with an MP grade of I or II following the second cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were continually treated with the original chemotherapy for another 2 cycles, the desired effect was generally not achieved. S100A4 may be used as a predictor of the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer, guiding the formulation of individualized programs to improve the effectiveness of the treatment. For patients with an MP grade level of I or II after 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the use of alternative chemotherapy regimens should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China ; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Guo Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Qian DU
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Xin Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Song Tian
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Bettum IJ, Gorad SS, Barkovskaya A, Pettersen S, Moestue SA, Vasiliauskaite K, Tenstad E, Øyjord T, Risa Ø, Nygaard V, Mælandsmo GM, Prasmickaite L. Metabolic reprogramming supports the invasive phenotype in malignant melanoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 366:71-83. [PMID: 26095603 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Invasiveness is a hallmark of aggressive cancer like malignant melanoma, and factors involved in acquisition or maintenance of an invasive phenotype are attractive targets for therapy. We investigated melanoma phenotype modulation induced by the metastasis-promoting microenvironmental protein S100A4, focusing on the relationship between enhanced cellular motility, dedifferentiation and metabolic changes. In poorly motile, well-differentiated Melmet 5 cells, S100A4 stimulated migration, invasion and simultaneously down-regulated differentiation genes and modulated expression of metabolism genes. Metabolic studies confirmed suppressed mitochondrial respiration and activated glycolytic flux in the S100A4 stimulated cells, indicating a metabolic switch toward aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect. Reversal of the glycolytic switch by dichloracetate induced apoptosis and reduced cell growth, particularly in the S100A4 stimulated cells. This implies that cells with stimulated invasiveness get survival benefit from the glycolytic switch and, therefore, become more vulnerable to glycolysis inhibition. In conclusion, our data indicate that transition to the invasive phenotype in melanoma involves dedifferentiation and metabolic reprogramming from mitochondrial oxidation to glycolysis, which facilitates survival of the invasive cancer cells. Therapeutic strategies targeting the metabolic reprogramming may therefore be effective against the invasive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid J Bettum
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saurabh S Gorad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Barkovskaya
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Pettersen
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siver A Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kotryna Vasiliauskaite
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Tenstad
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Øyjord
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Risa
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vigdis Nygaard
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lina Prasmickaite
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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A multiplexed, targeted mass spectrometry assay of the S100 protein family uncovers the isoform-specific expression in thyroid tumours. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:199. [PMID: 25880590 PMCID: PMC4391164 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence demonstrates a causal role for S100 proteins in tumourigenesis and several S100 isoforms have shown utility as biomarkers of several types of cancer. The S100 family is comprised of 21 small isoforms, many of them implicated in important cellular functions such as proliferation, motility and survival. Furthermore, in vivo experiments have proven the role of S100 proteins in tumour growth and disease progression, while other studies have shown their prognostic value and involvement in resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Taken together, all these aspects highlight S100 proteins as potential therapeutic targets and as a promising panel of cancer biomarkers. In this work, we have developed a mass spectrometry (MS)-based method for the multiplexed and specific analysis of the entire S100 protein family in tumour tissues and have applied it to investigate the expression of S100 isoforms in the context of thyroid cancer, the main endocrine malignancy. Methods Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM)-MS and stable isotope labelling/label-free analysis were employed to investigate the expression of the 21 S100 protein isoforms in thyroid tissue samples. Specimens included 9 normal thyroid tissues and 27 tumour tissues consisting of 9 follicular adenomas (FA), 8 follicular carcinomas (FTC) and 10 papillary carcinomas (PTC). Results The multiplexed and targeted mass spectrometry method led to the detection of eleven S100 protein isoforms across all tissues. Label- and label-free analyses showed the same significant differences and results were confirmed by western blot. S100A6, S100A11 and its putative interaction partner annexin A1 showed the highest overexpression in PTC compared to normal thyroid. S100A13 was also elevated in PTC. Reduced S100A4 expression was observed in FA compared to all other tissues. FA and FTC showed reduction of S100A10 and annexin A2 expression. Conclusions Targeted mass spectrometry allows the multiplexed and specific analysis of S100 protein isoforms in tumour tissue specimens. It revealed S100A13 as a novel candidate PTC biomarker. Results show that S100A6, S100A11 and Annexin A1 could help discriminate follicular and papillary tumours. The diagnostic and functional significance of S100A4 and S100A10 reduction in follicular tumours requires further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1217-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Grum-Schwensen B, Klingelhöfer J, Beck M, Bonefeld CM, Hamerlik P, Guldberg P, Grigorian M, Lukanidin E, Ambartsumian N. S100A4-neutralizing antibody suppresses spontaneous tumor progression, pre-metastatic niche formation and alters T-cell polarization balance. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:44. [PMID: 25884510 PMCID: PMC4335362 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment plays a determinative role in stimulating tumor progression and metastasis. Notably, tumor-stroma signals affect the pattern of infiltrated immune cells and the profile of tumor-released cytokines. Among the known molecules that are engaged in stimulating the metastatic spread of tumor cells is the S100A4 protein. S100A4 is known as an inducer of inflammatory processes and has been shown to attract T-cells to the primary tumor and to the pre-metastatic niche. The present study aims to examine the immunomodulatory role of S100A4 in vivo and in vitro and assess the mode of action of 6B12, a S100A4 neutralizing antibody. Methods The therapeutic effect of the 6B12 antibody was evaluated in two different mouse models. First, in a model of spontaneous breast cancer we assessed the dynamics of tumor growth and metastasis. Second, in a model of metastatic niche formation we determined the expression of metastatic niche markers. The levels of cytokine expression were assessed using antibody as well as PCR arrays and the results confirmed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. T-cell phenotyping and in vitro differentiation analyses were performed by flow cytometry. Results We show that the S100A4 protein alters the expression of transcription factor and signal transduction pathway genes involved in the T-cell lineage differentiation. T-cells challenged with S100A4 demonstrated reduced proportion of Th1-polarized cells shifting the Th1/Th2 balance towards the Th2 pro-tumorigenic phenotype. The 6B12 antibody restored the Th1/Th2 balance. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the 6B12 antibody deploys its anti-metastatic effect, by suppressing the attraction of T-cells to the site of primary tumor and pre-metastatic niche. This was associated with delayed primary tumor growth, decreased vessel density and inhibition of metastases. Conclusion The S100A4 blocking antibody (6B12) reduces tumor growth and metastasis in a model of spontaneous breast cancer. The 6B12 antibody treatment inhibits T cell accumulation at the primary and pre-metastatic tumor sites. The 6B12 antibody acts as an immunomodulatory agent and thus supports the view that the 6B12 antibody is a promising therapeutic candidate to fight cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1034-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Klingelhöfer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Beck
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Menné Bonefeld
- Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Per Guldberg
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mariam Grigorian
- Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Eugene Lukanidin
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Noona Ambartsumian
- Institute of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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RAGE mediates S100A4-induced cell motility via MAPK/ERK and hypoxia signaling and is a prognostic biomarker for human colorectal cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3220-33. [PMID: 24952599 PMCID: PMC4102805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival of colorectal cancer patients is strongly dependent on development of distant metastases. S100A4 is a prognostic biomarker and inducer for colorectal cancer metastasis. Besides exerting intracellular functions, S100A4 is secreted extracellularly. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is one of its interaction partners. The impact of the S100A4-RAGE interaction for cell motility and metastasis formation in colorectal cancer has not been elucidated so far. Here we demonstrate the RAGE-dependent increase in migratory and invasive capabilities of colorectal cancer cells via binding to extracellular S100A4. We show the direct interaction of S100A4 and RAGE, leading to hyperactivated MAPK/ERK and hypoxia signaling. The S100A4-RAGE axis increased cell migration (P<0.005) and invasion (P<0.005), which was counteracted with recombinant soluble RAGE and RAGE-specific antibodies. In colorectal cancer patients, not distantly metastasized at surgery, high RAGE expression in primary tumors correlated with metachronous metastasis, reduced overall (P=0.022) and metastasis-free survival (P=0.021). In summary, interaction of S100A4-RAGE mediates S100A4-induced colorectal cancer cell motility. RAGE by itself represents a biomarker for prognosis of colorectal cancer. Thus, therapeutic approaches targeting RAGE or intervening in S100A4-RAGE-dependent signaling early in tumor progression might represent alternative strategies restricting S100A4-induced colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Tian X, Wang Q, Li Y, Hu J, Wu L, Ding Q, Zhang C. The expression of S100A4 protein in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: clinicopathologic significance and prognostic value. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:195-201. [PMID: 24985031 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC) is a highly malignant adenocarcinoma arising from bile duct epithelial cells of the intrahepatic biliary system with early hematogenous and lymphatic extrahepatic spread. The current treatment methods for ICC are far from ideal. Identifying novel effective prognostic biomarkers which might be related to the development and progression of ICC may help provide new therapeutic strategies. Both calcium-binding protein S100A4 and Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) are correlated with development and progression of many carcinomas. In the present study, we investigated expression of S100A4 as well as MMP-9 in ICC tissues from 65 patients using immunohistochemistry. The correlation of S100A4 and MMP-9 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients were analyzed. S100A4 and MMP-9 were positively expressed in 32(49.2 %) and 35(53.8%) patients, respectively. The positive correlation between S100A4 and MMP-9 expression was statistically significant (P = 0.018). S100A4 positive expression was significantly correlated with vascular invasion (P = 0.008), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.029) and the TNM stage (P = 0.008). MMP-9 expression was not found to be correlated with any clinicopathological parameter. Patients with S100A4 positive expression had a significantly poorer overall survival rate than those with S100A4 negative expression (P = 0.000). MMP-9 positive expression was also correlated with poor survival (P = 0.044). However, only S100A4 expression (P = 0.004) and the surgical margin (P = 0.024) were significantly independent prognostic predictors by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, expression of S100A4 is correlated with MMP-9 expression and it could be a useful marker for predicting the progression, metastasis and prognosis of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Weiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
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Gross SR, Sin CGT, Barraclough R, Rudland PS. Joining S100 proteins and migration: for better or for worse, in sickness and in health. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1551-79. [PMID: 23811936 PMCID: PMC11113901 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vast diversity of S100 proteins has demonstrated a multitude of biological correlations with cell growth, cell differentiation and cell survival in numerous physiological and pathological conditions in all cells of the body. This review summarises some of the reported regulatory functions of S100 proteins (namely S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A7, S100A8/S100A9, S100A10, S100A11, S100A12, S100B and S100P) on cellular migration and invasion, established in both culture and animal model systems and the possible mechanisms that have been proposed to be responsible. These mechanisms involve intracellular events and components of the cytoskeletal organisation (actin/myosin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules) as well as extracellular signalling at different cell surface receptors (RAGE and integrins). Finally, we shall attempt to demonstrate how aberrant expression of the S100 proteins may lead to pathological events and human disorders and furthermore provide a rationale to possibly explain why the expression of some of the S100 proteins (mainly S100A4 and S100P) has led to conflicting results on motility, depending on the cells used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane R. Gross
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - Connie Goh Then Sin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Philip S. Rudland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
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CHONG HYEIN, LEE JEONGHEE, YOON MANSOO, SUH DONGSOO, KIM KYUNGBIN, KIM JEEYEON, CHOI KYUNGUN. Prognostic value of cytoplasmic expression of S100A4 protein in endometrial carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2701-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Fujiu K, Nagai R. Fibroblast-mediated pathways in cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 70:64-73. [PMID: 24492068 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, cardiac fibroblasts are the primary producers of extracellular matrix and supply a mechanical scaffold for efficacious heart contractions induced by cardiomyocytes. In the hypertrophic heart, cardiac fibroblasts provide a pivotal contribution to cardiac remodeling. Many growth factors and extracellular matrix components secreted by cardiac fibroblasts induce and modify cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Recent evidence revealed that cardiomyocyte-cardiac fibroblast communications are complex and multifactorial. Many growth factors and molecules contribute to cardiac hypertrophy via different roles that include induction of hypertrophy and the feedback hypertrophic response, fine-tuning of adaptive hypertrophy, limitation of left ventricular dilation, and modification of interstitial changes. This review focuses on recent work and topics and provides a mechanistic insight into cardiomyocyte-cardiac fibroblast communication in cardiac hypertrophy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Myocyte-Fibroblast Signalling in Myocardium ".
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program), Tokyo, Japan; Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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A link between inflammation and metastasis: serum amyloid A1 and A3 induce metastasis, and are targets of metastasis-inducing S100A4. Oncogene 2014; 34:424-35. [PMID: 24469032 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
S100A4 is implicated in metastasis and chronic inflammation, but its function remains uncertain. Here we establish an S100A4-dependent link between inflammation and metastatic tumor progression. We found that the acute-phase response proteins serum amyloid A (SAA) 1 and SAA3 are transcriptional targets of S100A4 via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB signaling. SAA proteins stimulated the transcription of RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted), G-CSF (granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor) and MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), MMP3, MMP9 and MMP13. We have also shown for the first time that SAA stimulate their own transcription as well as that of proinflammatory S100A8 and S100A9 proteins. Moreover, they strongly enhanced tumor cell adhesion to fibronectin, and stimulated migration and invasion of human and mouse tumor cells. Intravenously injected S100A4 protein induced expression of SAA proteins and cytokines in an organ-specific manner. In a breast cancer animal model, ectopic expression of SAA1 or SAA3 in tumor cells potently promoted widespread metastasis formation accompanied by a massive infiltration of immune cells. Furthermore, coordinate expression of S100A4 and SAA in tumor samples from colorectal carcinoma patients significantly correlated with reduced overall survival. These data show that SAA proteins are effectors for the metastasis-promoting functions of S100A4, and serve as a link between inflammation and tumor progression.
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Ochiya T, Takenaga K, Endo H. Silencing of S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein, in endothelial cells inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:17-26. [PMID: 23929008 PMCID: PMC3898373 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells express S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein, but its role in angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here we show that knockdown of S100A4 in mouse endothelial MSS31 cells by murine specific small interference RNA (mS100A4 siRNA) markedly suppressed capillary-like tube formation in vitro, in early stage after the treatment, along with down- and up-regulation of some of the pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic gene expression, respectively. Of particular note is that intra-tumor administration of the mS100A4 siRNA in a human prostate cancer xenograft significantly reduced tumor vascularity and resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth. These findings show that S100A4 in endothelial cells is involved in tube formation, and suggest its potential as a molecular target for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, which warrants further development of endothelial S100A4-based strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Keizo Takenaga
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, 693-8501 Japan
| | - Hideya Endo
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
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Walter I, Wolfesberger B, Miller I, Mair G, Burger S, Gallè B, Steinborn R. Human osteosarcoma cells respond to sorafenib chemotherapy by downregulation of the tumor progression factors S100A4, CXCR4 and the oncogene FOS. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:1147-56. [PMID: 24378831 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a rare but aggressive bone neoplasm in humans, which is commonly treated with surgery, classical chemotherapy and radiation. Sorafenib, an inhibitor of a number of kinases targeting the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, is a promising new chemotherapeutic agent in human medicine that has been approved since 2006 for the therapy of renal cell carcinoma and since 2007 for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we studied the antimetastatic potential of 4 µM of this multikinase inhibitor in a human osteosarcoma cell line. DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling detected 297 and 232 genes upregulated or downregulated at a threshold of >2-fold expression alteration (P<0.05) in the sorafenib-treated cells. Three genes (CXCR4, FOS and S100A4) that are involved in tumor progression were chosen for validation by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and protein expression analysis. The decrease in RNA expression detected by microarray profiling was confirmed by qPCR for all three genes (P<0.01). On the protein level, sorafenib-induced reduction of S100A4 was verified both by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. For CXCR4 and c-Fos, a reduced protein expression was shown by immunohistochemistry, for c-Fos also by immunoblotting. We conclude that sorafenib could serve as a potent chemotherapeutical agent by which to inhibit the metastatic progression of osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Walter
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgitt Wolfesberger
- Clinic for Companion Animal Medicine, Unit for Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Mair
- VetOmics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Burger
- VetOmics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ralf Steinborn
- VetOmics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Rowton M, Ramos P, Anderson DM, Rhee JM, Cunliffe HE, Rawls A. Regulation of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition by PARAXIS during somitogenesis. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:1332-44. [PMID: 24038871 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic alterations in cell shape, migration, and adhesion play a central role in tissue morphogenesis during embryonic development and congenital disease. The mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition that occurs during vertebrate somitogenesis is required for proper patterning of the axial musculoskeletal system. Somitic MET is initiated in the presomitic mesoderm by PARAXIS-dependent changes in cell adhesion, cell polarity, and the composition of the extracellular matrix. However, the target genes downstream of the transcription factor PARAXIS remain poorly described. RESULTS A genome-wide comparison of gene expression in the anterior presomitic mesoderm and newly formed somites of Paraxis(-/-) embryos resulted in a set of deregulated genes enriched for factors associated with extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal organization and cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion. The greatest change in expression was seen in fibroblast activation protein alpha (Fap), encoding a dipeptidyl peptidase capable of increasing fibronectin and collagen fiber organization in extracellular matrix. Further, downstream genes in the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways were downregulated, predicting that PARAXIS participates in positive feedback loops in both pathways. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that PARAXIS initiates and stabilizes somite epithelialization by integrating signals from multiple pathways to control the reorganization of the ECM, cytoskeleton, and adhesion junctions during MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rowton
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Hernández JL, Padilla L, Dakhel S, Coll T, Hervas R, Adan J, Masa M, Mitjans F, Martinez JM, Coma S, Rodríguez L, Noé V, Ciudad CJ, Blasco F, Messeguer R. Therapeutic targeting of tumor growth and angiogenesis with a novel anti-S100A4 monoclonal antibody. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72480. [PMID: 24023743 PMCID: PMC3762817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A4, a member of the S100 calcium-binding protein family secreted by tumor and stromal cells, supports tumorigenesis by stimulating angiogenesis. We demonstrated that S100A4 synergizes with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), via the RAGE receptor, in promoting endothelial cell migration by increasing KDR expression and MMP-9 activity. In vivo overexpression of S100A4 led to a significant increase in tumor growth and vascularization in a human melanoma xenograft M21 model. Conversely, when silencing S100A4 by shRNA technology, a dramatic decrease in tumor development of the pancreatic MiaPACA-2 cell line was observed. Based on these results we developed 5C3, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against S100A4. This antibody abolished endothelial cell migration, tumor growth and angiogenesis in immunodeficient mouse xenograft models of MiaPACA-2 and M21-S100A4 cells. It is concluded that extracellular S100A4 inhibition is an attractive approach for the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Padilla
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheila Dakhel
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Coll
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Hervas
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Adan
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Masa
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Silvia Coma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Véronique Noé
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Ciudad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Messeguer
- Biomed Division, LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies; its poor prognosis is strongly associated with invasion and metastasis. Expression of S100A4 has been reported to correlate with poor prognosis in various cancers. We have investigated the role of S100A4 in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and its clinicopathologic significance. METHODS Protein expression of S100A4 was examined by Western blot in pancreatic cancer cell lines and a human pancreatic ductal epithelium cell line, HPDE-6. Then the expressions of S100A4, TP53, and CD133 were examined immunohistochemically in resected specimens from 83 patients with pancreatic cancer to clarify their clinicopathologic significance. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Mantel-Cox method. RESULTS Forty-eight (58%) of 83 patients with pancreatic cancer positively expressed S100A4, and 50 (60%) and 29 (36%) patients positively expressed TP53 and CD133, respectively. S100A4 expression was significantly correlated with perineural invasion (P = 0.029) and invasion pattern (P = 0.001). Neither TP53 nor CD133 expression showed significant correlations with any other parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our present results suggest that S100A4 plays an important role in the invasiveness, particularly with perineural invasion and invasion pattern, of pancreatic cancer. Development of new strategies targeting S100A4 or its downstream effectors is warranted.
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Ayala G, Morello M, Frolov A, You S, Li R, Rosati F, Bartolucci G, Danza G, Adam RM, Thompson TC, Lisanti MP, Freeman MR, Vizio DD. Loss of caveolin-1 in prostate cancer stroma correlates with reduced relapse-free survival and is functionally relevant to tumour progression. J Pathol 2013; 231:77-87. [PMID: 23729330 DOI: 10.1002/path.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Levels of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in tumour epithelial cells increase during prostate cancer progression. Conversely, Cav-1 expression in the stroma can decline in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. In a large cohort of 724 prostate cancers, we observed significantly decreased levels of stromal Cav-1 in concordance with increased Gleason score (p = 0.012). Importantly, reduced expression of Cav-1 in the stroma correlated with reduced relapse-free survival (p = 0.009), suggesting a role for stromal Cav-1 in inhibiting advanced disease. Silencing of Cav-1 by shRNA in WPMY-1 prostate fibroblasts resulted in up-regulation of Akt phosphorylation, and significantly altered expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, including a > 2.5-fold increase in TGF-β1 and γ-synuclein (SNCG) gene expression. Moreover, silencing of Cav-1 induced migration of prostate cancer cells when stromal cells were used as attractants. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt caused down-regulation of TGF-β1 and SNCG, suggesting that loss of Cav-1 in the stroma can influence Akt-mediated signalling in the tumour microenvironment. Cav-1-depleted stromal cells exhibited increased levels of intracellular cholesterol, a precursor for androgen biosynthesis, steroidogenic enzymes, and testosterone. These findings suggest that loss of Cav-1 in the tumour microenvironment contributes to the metastatic behaviour of tumour cells by a mechanism that involves up-regulation of TGF-β1 and SNCG through Akt activation. They also suggest that intracrine production of androgens, a process relevant to castration resistance, may occur in the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ayala
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matteo Morello
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Frolov
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rile Li
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabiana Rosati
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Danza
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosalyn M Adam
- The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 18-3, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Breast Oncology and Institute of Cancer Sciences, Paterson Institute of Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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