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Zhang X, Xia F, Zhang X, Blumenthal RM, Cheng X. C2H2 Zinc Finger Transcription Factors Associated with Hemoglobinopathies. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168343. [PMID: 37924864 PMCID: PMC11185177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
In humans, specific aberrations in β-globin results in sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, symptoms of which can be ameliorated by increased expression of fetal globin (HbF). Two recent CRISPR-Cas9 screens, centered on ∼1500 annotated sequence-specific DNA binding proteins and performed in a human erythroid cell line that expresses adult hemoglobin, uncovered four groups of candidate regulators of HbF gene expression. They are (1) members of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex proteins that are already known for HbF control; (2) seven C2H2 zinc finger (ZF) proteins, including some (ZBTB7A and BCL11A) already known for directly silencing the fetal γ-globin genes in adult human erythroid cells; (3) a few other transcription factors of different structural classes that might indirectly influence HbF gene expression; and (4) DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) that maintains the DNA methylation marks that attract the MBD2-associated NuRD complex to DNA as well as associated histone H3 lysine 9 methylation. Here we briefly discuss the effects of these regulators, particularly C2H2 ZFs, in inducing HbF expression for treating β-hemoglobin disorders, together with recent advances in developing safe and effective small-molecule therapeutics for the regulation of this well-conserved hemoglobin switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Fangfang Xia
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert M Blumenthal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Program in Bioinformatics, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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2
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Liu XM, Yang L, Yang QB. Advanced Progress of Histone Deacetylases in Rheumatic Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:947-955. [PMID: 38370467 PMCID: PMC10870932 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s447811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic disease is a disease which is not yet fully clarified to etiology and also involved in a local pathological injury or systemic disease. With the continuous improvement of clinical medical research in recent years, the development process of rheumatic diseases has been gradually elucidated; with the intensely study of epigenetics, it is realized that environmental changes can affect genetics, among which histone acetylation is one of the essential mechanisms in epigenetics. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in regulating gene expression in various biological processes, including differentiation, development, stress response, and injury. HDACs are involved in a variety of physiological processes and are promising drug targets in various pathological conditions, such as cancer, cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, metabolic and immune disorders, and viral and parasitic infections. In this paper, we reviewed the roles of HDACs in rheumatic diseases in terms of their classification and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Bin Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Kawata M, McClatchy DB, Diedrich JK, Olmer M, Johnson KA, Yates JR, Lotz MK. Mocetinostat activates Krüppel-like factor 4 and protects against tissue destruction and inflammation in osteoarthritis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170513. [PMID: 37681413 PMCID: PMC10544226 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder, and disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) represent a major need in OA management. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a central transcription factor upregulating regenerative and protective functions in joint tissues. This study was aimed to identify small molecules activating KLF4 expression and to determine functions and mechanisms of the hit compounds. High-throughput screening (HTS) with 11,948 clinical-stage compounds was performed using a reporter cell line detecting endogenous KLF4 activation. Eighteen compounds were identified through the HTS and confirmed in a secondary screen. After testing in SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells and human chondrocytes, mocetinostat - a class I selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor - had the best profile of biological activities. Mocetinostat upregulated cartilage signature genes in human chondrocytes, meniscal cells, and BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and it downregulated hypertrophic, inflammatory, and catabolic genes in those cells and synoviocytes. I.p. administration of mocetinostat into mice reduced severity of OA-associated changes and improved pain behaviors. Global gene expression and proteomics analyses revealed that regenerative and protective effects of mocetinostat were dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α. These findings show therapeutic and protective activities of mocetinostat against OA, qualifying it as a candidate to be used as a DMOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kawata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel B. McClatchy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jolene K. Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - John R. Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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4
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Ren R, Horton JR, Chen Q, Yang J, Liu B, Huang Y, Blumenthal RM, Zhang X, Cheng X. Structural basis for transcription factor ZBTB7A recognition of DNA and effects of ZBTB7A somatic mutations that occur in human acute myeloid leukemia. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102885. [PMID: 36626981 PMCID: PMC9932118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ZBTB7A belongs to a small family of transcription factors having three members in humans (7A, 7B, and 7C). They share a BTB/POZ protein interaction domain at the amino end and a zinc-finger DNA-binding domain at the carboxyl end. They control the transcription of a wide range of genes, having varied functions in hematopoiesis, oncogenesis, and metabolism (in particular glycolysis). ZBTB7A-binding profiles at gene promoters contain a consensus G(a/c)CCC motif, followed by a CCCC sequence in some instances. Structural and mutational investigations suggest that DNA-specific contacts with the four-finger tandem array of ZBTB7A are formed sequentially, initiated from ZF1-ZF2 binding to G(a/c)CCC before spreading to ZF3-ZF4, which bind the DNA backbone and the 3' CCCC sequence, respectively. Here, we studied some mutations found in t(8;21)-positive acute myeloid leukemia patients that occur within the ZBTB7A DNA-binding domain. We determined that these mutations generally impair ZBTB7A DNA binding, with the most severe disruptions resulting from mutations in ZF1 and ZF2, and the least from a frameshift mutation in ZF3 that results in partial mislocalization. Information provided here on ZBTB7A-DNA interactions is likely applicable to ZBTB7B/C, which have overlapping functions with ZBTB7A in controlling primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Ren
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John R Horton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M Blumenthal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Program in Bioinformatics, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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5
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Epigenetic Regulation of Chondrocytes and Subchondral Bone in Osteoarthritis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040582. [PMID: 35455072 PMCID: PMC9030470 DOI: 10.3390/life12040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide an updated review of the epigenetic factors involved in the onset and development of osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by chronic inflammation, ectopic bone formation within the joint, and physical and proteolytic cartilage degradation which result in chronic pain and loss of mobility. At present, no disease-modifying therapeutics exist for the prevention or treatment of the disease. Research has identified several OA risk factors including mechanical stressors, physical activity, obesity, traumatic joint injury, genetic predisposition, and age. Recently, there has been increased interest in identifying epigenetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of OA. In this review, we detail several of these epigenetic modifications with known functions in the onset and progression of the disease. We also review current therapeutics targeting aberrant epigenetic regulation as potential options for preventive or therapeutic treatment.
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Yang Y, Ren R, Ly LC, Horton JR, Li F, Quinlan KGR, Crossley M, Shi Y, Cheng X. Structural basis for human ZBTB7A action at the fetal globin promoter. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109759. [PMID: 34592153 PMCID: PMC8553545 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of fetal globin protect against β-hemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia. Two zinc-finger (ZF) repressors, BCL11A and ZBTB7A/LRF, bind directly to the fetal globin promoter elements positioned at −115 and −200, respectively. Here, we describe X-ray structures of the ZBTB7A DNA-binding domain, consisting of four adjacent ZFs, in complex with the −200 sequence element, which contains two copies of four consecutive C:G base pairs. ZF1 and ZF2 recognize the 5′ C:G quadruple, and ZF4 contacts the 3′ C:G quadruple. Natural non-coding DNA mutations associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) impair ZBTB7A DNA binding, with the most severe disruptions resulting from mutations in the base pairs recognized by ZF1 and ZF2. Our results firmly establish ZBTB7A/LRF as a key molecular regulator of fetal globin expression and inform genome-editing strategies that inhibit repressor binding and boost fetal globin expression to treat hemoglobinopathies. Yang et al. show that the transcription factor ZBTB7A has features that deviate from conventional one finger-three bases recognition. Among the four fingers, ZF1 and ZF2 each contact two DNA bases. ZF3 does not make base-specific contacts but serves as a spacer to position ZF4 into the right location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ren Ren
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lana C Ly
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - John R Horton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fudong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Merlin Crossley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Yunyu Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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7
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Singh AK, Verma S, Kushwaha PP, Prajapati KS, Shuaib M, Kumar S, Gupta S. Role of ZBTB7A zinc finger in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4703-4719. [PMID: 34014468 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The zinc finger and BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack and bric a brac) domain containing protein 7A (ZBTB7A) is a pleiotropic transcription factor that plays an important role in various stages of cell proliferation, differentiation, and other developmental processes. ZBTB7A is a member of the POK family that directly and specifically binds to short DNA recognition sites located near their target genes thereby acting as transcriptional activator or repressor. ZBTB7A overexpression has been associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in various human cancer types, including breast, prostate, lung, ovarian, and colon cancer. However in some instances downregulation of ZBTB7A results in tumor progression, suggesting its role as a tumor suppressor. ZBTB7A is involved with complicated regulatory networks which include protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. ZBTB7A involvement in cancer progression and metastasis is perhaps enabled through the regulation of various signaling pathways depending on the type and genetic context of cancer. The association of ZBTB7A with other proteins affects cancer aggressiveness, therapeutic resistance and clinical outcome. This review focuses on the involvement of ZBTB7A in various signaling pathways and its role in cancer progression. We will also review the literature on ZBTB7A and cancer which could be potentially explored for its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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8
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Wan C, Zhang F, Yao H, Li H, Tuan RS. Histone Modifications and Chondrocyte Fate: Regulation and Therapeutic Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626708. [PMID: 33937229 PMCID: PMC8085601 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of histone modifications in cartilage development, pathology and regeneration is becoming increasingly evident. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and consequences of histone modification enzymes in cartilage development, homeostasis and pathology provides fundamental and precise perspectives to interpret the biological behavior of chondrocytes during skeletal development and the pathogenesis of various cartilage related diseases. Candidate molecules or drugs that target histone modifying proteins have shown promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of cartilage lesions associated with joint degeneration and other chondropathies. In this review, we summarized the advances in the understanding of histone modifications in the regulation of chondrocyte fate, cartilage development and pathology, particularly the molecular writers, erasers and readers involved. In addition, we have highlighted recent studies on the use of small molecules and drugs to manipulate histone signals to regulate chondrocyte functions or treat cartilage lesions, in particular osteoarthritis (OA), and discussed their potential therapeutic benefits and limitations in preventing articular cartilage degeneration or promoting its repair or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (Shenzhen Base), School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengjie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (Shenzhen Base), School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanyu Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (Shenzhen Base), School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haitao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (Shenzhen Base), School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Wang JS, Yoon SH, Wein MN. Role of histone deacetylases in bone development and skeletal disorders. Bone 2021; 143:115606. [PMID: 32829038 PMCID: PMC7770092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone cells must constantly respond to hormonal and mechanical cues to change gene expression programs. Of the myriad of epigenomic mechanisms used by cells to dynamically alter cell type-specific gene expression, histone acetylation and deacetylation has received intense focus over the past two decades. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) represent a large family of proteins with a conserved deacetylase domain first described to deacetylate lysine residues on histone tails. It is now appreciated that multiple classes of HDACs exist, some of which are clearly misnamed in that acetylated lysine residues on histone tails is not the major function of their deacetylase domain. Here, we will review the roles of proteins bearing deacetylase domains in bone cells, focusing on current genetic evidence for each individual HDAC gene. While class I HDACs are nuclear proteins whose primary role is to deacetylate histones, class IIa and class III HDACs serve other important cellular functions. Detailed knowledge of the roles of individual HDACs in bone development and remodeling will set the stage for future efforts to specifically target individual HDAC family members in the treatment of skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Zhang H, Ji L, Yang Y, Zhang X, Gang Y, Bai L. The Role of HDACs and HDACi in Cartilage and Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:560117. [PMID: 33102472 PMCID: PMC7554620 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.560117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). In recent decades, HDAC family members have been associated with OA. This paper aims to describe the different role of HDACs in the pathogenesis of OA through interaction with microRNAs and the regulation of relevant signaling pathways. We found that HDACs are involved in cartilage and chondrocyte development but also play a crucial role in OA. However, the distinct HDAC mechanism in the pathogenesis and treatment of OA require further investigation. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) can protect cartilage from disease, which may represent a potential therapeutic approach against OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Gang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Lu J, Zhou Z, Sun B, Han B, Fu Q, Han Y, Yuan W, Xu Z, Chen A. MiR-520d-5p modulates chondrogenesis and chondrocyte metabolism through targeting HDAC1. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18545-18560. [PMID: 32950972 PMCID: PMC7585120 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the chondrogenesis and the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to determine miRNAs associated with chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and chondrocyte metabolism. MiRNAs were screened in hMSCs during chondrogenesis by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. MiRNA expression was determined in primary human chondrocytes (PHCs), and degraded cartilage samples. MiRNA mimics and inhibitors were transfected to cells to determine the effect of miRNA. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays were applied to determine the target gene of miRNA. The results demonstrated that miR-520d-5p was increased in hMSCs chondrogenesis. The overexpression and knockdown of miR-520d-5p promoted and inhibited chondrogenesis, and regulated chondrocyte metabolism. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) was decreased in hMSCs chondrogenesis, and HDAC1 was a targeting gene of miR-520d-5p. CI994, HDAC1 inhibitor, elevated cartilage-specific gene expressions and promoted hMSCs chondrogenesis. In IL-1β-treated PHCs, CI994 promoted AGGRECAN expression and suppressed MMP-13 expression, abolishing the effect of IL-1β on PHCs. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-520d-5p promotes hMSCs chondrogenesis and regulates chondrocyte metabolism through targeting HDAC1. This study provides novel understanding of the molecular mechanism of OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Zhibin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Yaguang Han
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Wang Yuan
- Department of Medicinal and Materials, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, P. R. of China
| | - Zeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. of China
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12
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Yu S, Hu C, Cai L, Du X, Lin F, Yu Q, Liu L, Zhang C, Liu X, Li W, Zhan Y. Seven-Gene Signature Based on Glycolysis Is Closely Related to the Prognosis and Tumor Immune Infiltration of Patients With Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1778. [PMID: 33072557 PMCID: PMC7531434 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, exhibiting a high morbidity, and mortality. As the various treatment methods for gastric cancer are limited by disadvantages, many efforts to improve the efficacy of these treatments are being taken. Metabolic recombination is an important characteristic of cancer and has gradually caused a recent upsurge in research. However, systematic analysis of the interaction between glycolysis and GC patient prognosis and its potential associations with immune infiltration is lacking but urgently needed. Methods: We obtained the gene expression data and clinical materials of GC derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regression analyses were performed to select the optimal prognosis-related genes for subsequent modeling. We then validated our data in the GEO database and further verified the gene expression using the Oncomine database and PCR experiments. Besides, Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) analysis was employed to further explore the differences in activation status of biological pathways between the high and low risk groups. Furthermore, a nomogram was adopted to predict the individualized survival rate of GC patients. Finally, a violin plot and a TIMMER analysis were performed to analyse the characteristics of immune infiltration in the microenvironment. Results: A seven-gene signature, including STC1, CLDN9, EFNA3, ZBTB7A, NT5E, NUP50, and CXCR4, was established. Based on this seven-gene signature, the patients in the training set and testing sets could be divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. In addition, a nomogram based on risk and age showed good calibration and moderate discrimination. The results proved that the seven-gene signature had a strong capacity to predict the GC patient prognosis. Collectively, the violin plot and TIMMER analysis demonstrated that an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment caused by hyperglycolysis led to poor prognosis. Conclusion: Taken together, these results established a genetic signature for gastric cancer based on glycolysis, which has reference significance for the in-depth study of the metabolic mechanism of gastric cancer and the exploration of new clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Luya Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuedan Du
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongjie Yu
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lixiao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Wen Y, Shi H, Wu Z, Xiao H, Wang H, Chen L. GR/Sp3/HDAC1/UGDH signaling participated in the maternal dexamethasone-induced dysplasia of the rat fetal growth plate. FASEB J 2020; 34:12834-12846. [PMID: 32767431 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000106r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Maternal dexamethasone decreases the body length of the newborn. However, whether dexamethasone inhibits the development of the growth plate of the fetal long bone is still unknown. Here, we found that lengths of fetal femur and growth plate were both shorter in the fetuses with maternal dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg.d from gestation day 9 to 20), with a decreased proteoglycan content of the growth plate in the fetal rat. Notable decreases in both the gene expression and H3K9 acetylation of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (Ugdh) gene, which codes a key enzyme in the proteoglycan biosynthesis in the chondrocyte, were also observed. Meanwhile, up-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), specific protein 3 (Sp3), and histone deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) gene expression were detected in the fetal growth plate. Similar changes were also observed in the chondrogenic rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) with excessive exogenous dexamethasone. However, antagonizing GR with RU486 and silencing Hdac1 or Sp3 with specific siRNAs could all stimulate the H3K9 acetylation and gene expression of Ugdh previously inhibited by dexamethasone. Meanwhile, dexamethasone also induced the nuclear translocation of GR, which further directly bound to the Ugdh promoter and interacted with HDAC1 and Sp3, respectively. Collectively, our study revealed that maternal dexamethasone induced the direct binding of GR to the Ugdh promoter of the chondrocyte in the rat fetal growth plate, which recruited HDAC1 and Sp3, induced deacetylation of the H3K9, and subsequently inhibited Ugdh gene expression. Such changes further led to attenuated proteoglycan synthesis in the developing chondrocyte and therefore disrupted the development of growth plate and fetal long bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxian Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Huasong Shi
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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14
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Ren J, Huang D, Li R, Wang W, Zhou C. Control of mesenchymal stem cell biology by histone modifications. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:11. [PMID: 32025282 PMCID: PMC6996187 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-0378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered the most promising seed cells for regenerative medicine because of their considerable therapeutic properties and accessibility. Fine-tuning of cell biological processes, including differentiation and senescence, is essential for achievement of the expected regenerative efficacy. Researchers have recently made great advances in understanding the spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics that occur during osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and the intrinsic and environmental factors that affect these processes. In this context, histone modifications have been intensively studied in recent years and have already been indicated to play significant and universal roles in MSC fate determination and differentiation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries regarding the effects of histone modifications on MSC biology. Moreover, we also provide our insights and perspectives for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhan Ren
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Delan Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Runze Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Weicai Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055 China
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15
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Yeh LY, Yang CC, Wu HL, Kao SY, Liu CJ, Chen YF, Lin SC, Chang KW. The miR-372-ZBTB7A Oncogenic Axis Suppresses TRAIL-R2 Associated Drug Sensitivity in Oral Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:47. [PMID: 32083004 PMCID: PMC7005910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-372 has been shown a potent oncogenic miRNA in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7A protein (ZBTB7A) is a transcriptional regulator that is involved in a great diversity of physiological and oncogenic regulation. However, the modulation of ZBTB7A in OSCC remains unclear. Tissue analysis identifies a reverse correlation in expression between miR-372 and ZBTB7A in OSCC tumors. When OSCC cells have stable knockdown of ZBTB7A, their oncogenic potential and drug resistance is increased. By way of contrast, such an increase is attenuated by expression of ZBTB7A. Screening and validation confirms that ZBTB7A is able to modulate expression of the death receptors TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, Fas and p53 phosphorylated at serine-15. In addition, ZBTB7A transactivates TRAIL-R2, which sensitizes cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The ZBTB7A-TRAIL-R2 cascade is involved in both the extrinsic and intrinsic cisplatin-induced pathways of apoptosis. Database analysis indicates that the expression level of and the copy status of ZBTB7A and TRAIL-R2 are important survival predictors for head and neck cancers. Collectively, this study indicates the importance of the miR-372-ZBTB7A-TRAIL-R2 axis in mediating OSCC pathogenesis and in controlling OSCC drug resistance. Therefore, silencing miR-372 and/or upregulating ZBTB7A would seem to be promising strategies for enhancing the sensitivity of OSCC to cisplatin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yin Yeh
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Wu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Chen
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Molloy ME, Lewinska M, Williamson AK, Nguyen TT, Kuser-Abali G, Gong L, Yan J, Little JB, Pandolfi PP, Yuan ZM. ZBTB7A governs estrogen receptor alpha expression in breast cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 10:273-284. [PMID: 30265334 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ZBTB7A, a member of the POZ/BTB and Krüppel (POK) family of transcription factors, has been shown to have a context-dependent role in cancer development and progression. The role of ZBTB7A in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer is largely unknown. Approximately 70% of breast cancers are classified as ERα-positive. ERα carries out the biological effects of estrogen and its expression level dictates response to endocrine therapies and prognosis for breast cancer patients. In this study, we find that ZBTB7A transcriptionally regulates ERα expression in ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines by binding to the ESR1 promoter leading to increased transcription of ERα. Inhibition of ZBTB7A in ERα-positive cells results in decreased estrogen responsiveness as demonstrated by diminished estrogen-response element-driven luciferase reporter activity, induction of estrogen target genes, and estrogen-stimulated growth. We also report that ERα potentiates ZBTB7A expression via a post-translational mechanism, suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop between ZBTB7A and ERα, conferring sensitivity to estrogen in breast cancer. Clinically, we find that ZBTB7A and ERα are often co-expressed in breast cancers and that high ZBTB7A expression correlates with improved overall and relapse-free survival for breast cancer patients. Importantly, high ZBTB7A expression predicts a more favorable outcome for patients treated with endocrine therapies. Together, these findings demonstrate that ZBTB7A contributes to the transcriptional program maintaining ERα expression and potentially an endocrine therapy-responsive phenotype in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Molloy
- Department of Environmental Health, John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monika Lewinska
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda K Williamson
- Department of Environmental Health, John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thanh Thao Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health, John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gamze Kuser-Abali
- Department of Environmental Health, John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Gong
- Department of Environmental Health, John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiawei Yan
- Department of Environmental Health, John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John B Little
- Department of Environmental Health, John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- Department of Environmental Health, John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xia X, Chao Y, He R, Han C, Zhao W. ZBTB7A, a miR-663a target gene, protects osteosarcoma from endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by suppressing LncRNA GAS5 expression. Cancer Lett 2019; 448:105-116. [PMID: 30753838 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have uncovered the essential role of ZBTB7A in regulating tumourigenesis. However, its functional significance in cell responses to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) remains poorly understood. Here we report that ZBTB7A functions as an important prosurvival factor in osteosarcoma cells undergoing pharmacological ER stress-induced by tunicamycin (TM) or thapsigargin (TG). The downregulation of ZBTB7A expression by ER stress promoted cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. ZBTB7A expression levels were increased in osteosarcoma tissues and elevated ZBTB7A was associated with osteosarcoma metastasis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that miR-663a induced by ER stress directly bound to the 3'UTR of ZBTB7A and contributed to ER stress-induced ZBTB7A downregulation in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, our data revealed that ZBTB7A bound to the promoter of LncRNA GAS5 and transcriptionally suppressed LncRNA GAS5 expression, leading to a decline in ER stress-induced cell apoptosis. Collectively, our findings reveal the prosurvival role of ZBTB7A in osteosarcoma adaptation to ER stress and suggest that the miR-663a-ZBTB7A-LncRNAGAS5 pathway is essential for the survival of human osteosarcoma cells under ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xin Xia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, PR China
| | - Yulin Chao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, PR China
| | - Ruiping He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, PR China
| | - Chuanchun Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, PR China.
| | - Wenzhi Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, PR China.
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18
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Johansen S, Brenner AK, Bartaula-Brevik S, Reikvam H, Bruserud Ø. The Possible Importance of β3 Integrins for Leukemogenesis and Chemoresistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010251. [PMID: 29342970 PMCID: PMC5796198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive bone marrow malignancy where the immature leukemia cells communicate with neighboring cells through constitutive cytokine release and through their cell surface adhesion molecules. The primary AML cells express various integrins. These heterodimeric molecules containing an α and a β chain are cell surface molecules that bind extracellular matrix molecules, cell surface molecules and soluble mediators. The β3 integrin (ITGB3) chain can form heterodimers only with the two α chains αIIb and αV. These integrins are among the most promiscuous and bind to a large number of ligands, including extracellular matrix molecules, cell surface molecules and soluble mediators. Recent studies suggest that the two β3 integrins are important for leukemogenesis and chemosensitivity in human AML. Firstly, αIIb and β3 are both important for adhesion of AML cells to vitronectin and fibronectin. Secondly, β3 is important for the development of murine AML and also for the homing and maintenance of the proliferation for xenografted primary human AML cells, and for maintaining a stem cell transcriptional program. These last effects seem to be mediated through Syk kinase. The β3 expression seems to be regulated by HomeboxA9 (HoxA9) and HoxA10, and the increased β3 expression then activates spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and thereby contributes to cytokine hypersensitivity and activation of β2 integrins. Finally, high integrin αV/β3 expression is associated with an adverse prognosis in AML and decreased sensitivity to the kinase inhibitor sorafenib; this integrin can also be essential for osteopontin-induced sorafenib resistance in AML. In the present article, we review the experimental and clinical evidence for a role of β3 integrins for leukemogenesis and chemosensitivity in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Integrin beta3/chemistry
- Integrin beta3/genetics
- Integrin beta3/metabolism
- Integrins/chemistry
- Integrins/genetics
- Integrins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Ligands
- Multigene Family
- Prognosis
- Protein Binding
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Johansen
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Annette K Brenner
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sushma Bartaula-Brevik
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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19
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Sun G, Peng B, Xie Q, Ruan J, Liang X. Upregulation of ZBTB7A exhibits a tumor suppressive role in gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2635-2641. [PMID: 29207095 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer presents as a complex solid tumor and is the third leading cause of global cancer‑associated mortality. The genetic alterations in gastric cancer remain unclear and deserve further investigation. Mining The Cancer Genome Atlas gastric adenocarcinoma dataset identified a frequent loss of the zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7A (ZBTB7A) gene locus and a significant correlation between low ZBTB7A expression and poor patient survival. ZBTB7A belongs to the POZ/BTB and Kruppel transcription factor family. In the present study, overexpression of ZBTB7A in a gastric cancer cell line induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Upregulation of ZBTB7A also promoted apoptosis and repressed cell migration. The results of the present study indicated that ZBTB7A functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer cells. Understanding the role of ZBTB7A in gastric cancer may provide important clinical insight for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Quan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Xianwen Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
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20
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Li X, Xia X, Li N, He R, He H, Han C, Zhao W. ZBTB7A Enhances Osteosarcoma Chemoresistance by Transcriptionally Repressing lncRNALINC00473-IL24 Activity. Neoplasia 2017; 19:908-918. [PMID: 28942243 PMCID: PMC5609875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains a major drawback to osteosarcoma treatment. ZBTB7A, a member of the POK transcription repressor family, was shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis. However, the effect of ZBTB7A on osteosarcoma chemoresistance is completely unknown. In this study, we found that ZBTB7A is increased in cisplatin-resistant osteosarcoma cells and that elevated ZBTB7A inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis by repressing LINC00473 expression. Further mechanistic studies revealed that ZBTB7A directly binds to the promoter and suppresses the transcription of LINC00473. Additionally, our data indicate that LINC00473 interacts with the transcript factor C/EBPβ, facilitating its binding to the promoter of IL24, leading to decrease chemoresistance. Thus, these findings indicate that the ZBTB7A-mediated LINC00473-C/EBPβ-IL24 pathway is a promising novel target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116027, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116027, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116027, China
| | - Na Li
- Pathology Department of College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ruiping He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116027, China
| | - Hongtao He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116027, China
| | - Chuanchun Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116027, China.
| | - Wenzhi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian116027, China.
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21
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Khan NM, Haqqi TM. Epigenetics in osteoarthritis: Potential of HDAC inhibitors as therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:73-79. [PMID: 28827187 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease and the leading cause of chronic disability in middle-aged and older populations worldwide. The development of disease modifying therapy for OA is in its infancy largely because the regulatory mechanisms for the molecular effectors of OA pathogenesis are poorly understood. Recent studies identified epigenetic events as a critical regulator of molecular players involved in the induction and development of OA. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, non-coding RNA and histone modifications. The aim of this review is to briefly highlight the recent advances in the epigenetics of cartilage and potential of HDACs (Histone deacetylases) inhibitors in the therapeutic management of OA. We summarize the recent studies utilizing HDAC inhibitors as potential therapeutics for inhibiting disease progression and preventing the cartilage destruction in OA. HDACs control normal cartilage development and homeostasis and understanding the impact of HDACs inhibitors on the disease pathogenesis is of interest because of its importance in affecting overall cartilage health and homeostasis. These findings also shed new light on cartilage disease pathophysiology and provide substantial evidence that HDACs may be potential novel therapeutic targets in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir M Khan
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Rt 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Tariq M Haqqi
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Rt 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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Davidson NL, Yu F, Kijpaisalratana N, Le TQ, Beer LA, Radomski KL, Armstrong RC. Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) exhibits stage- and context-dependent transcriptional controls in the oligodendrocyte lineage and modulates remyelination. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2391-2408. [PMID: 28556945 PMCID: PMC5655903 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia/lymphoma‐related factor (LRF), a zinc‐finger transcription factor encoded by Zbtb7a, is a protooncogene that regulates differentiation in diverse cell lineages, and in the CNS, its function is relatively unexplored. This study is the first to examine the role of LRF in CNS pathology. We first examined LRF expression in a murine viral model of spinal cord demyelination with clinically relevant lesion characteristics. LRF was rarely expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitors (OP) yet, was detected in nuclei of the majority of oligodendrocytes in healthy adult CNS and during remyelination. Plp/CreERT:Zbtb7afl/fl mice were then used with cuprizone demyelination to determine the effect of LRF knockdown on oligodendrocyte repopulation and remyelination. Cuprizone was given for 6 weeks to demyelinate the corpus callosum. Tamoxifen was administered at 4, 5, or 6 weeks after the start of cuprizone. Tamoxifen‐induced knockdown of LRF impaired remyelination during 3 or 6‐week recovery periods after cuprizone. LRF knockdown earlier within the oligodendrocyte lineage using NG2CreERT:Zbtb7afl/fl mice reduced myelination after 6 weeks of cuprizone. LRF knockdown from either the Plp/CreERT line or the NG2CreERT line did not significantly change OP or oligodendrocyte populations. In vitro promoter assays demonstrated the potential for LRF to regulate transcription of myelin‐related genes and the notch target Hes5, which has been implicated in control of myelin formation and repair. In summary, in the oligodendrocyte lineage, LRF is expressed mainly in oligodendrocytes but is not required for oligodendrocyte repopulation of demyelinated lesions. Furthermore, LRF can modulate the extent of remyelination, potentially by contributing to interactions regulating transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fengshan Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tuan Q Le
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurel A Beer
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kryslaine L Radomski
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Regina C Armstrong
- Program in Neuroscience, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Wu Z, Li M, Zheng W, Hu Q, Cheng Z, Guo F. Silencing of both ATF4 and PERK inhibits cell cycle progression and promotes the apoptosis of differentiating chondrocytes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:101-111. [PMID: 28498443 PMCID: PMC5466379 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we demonstrate that the silencing of protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF4) (using small interfering RNA expression constructs) inhibits the chondrocyte cell cycle and proliferation in vitro and ex vivo. The silencing of PERK alone using siRNA against PERK (siPERK) led to arrest in the G1 phase, it decreased the number of cells in the S phase, and delayed progressoin to the G2-M phase. Co-transfection with siRNA against ATF (siATF4) led to a more profound inhibitory effect on cell cycle progression. Moreover, transfection with siPERK was associated with enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis during bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced chondrogenesis, and transfection with siATF4 exacerbated ER stress-related cell death. Data from flow cytometry (FCM), immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays supported these findings in vitro and ex vivo. As shown by our results, the combined effect of the silencing of ATF4 and PERK led to the activation of an ER stress-specific caspase cascade in the cartilage tissue. On the whole, these findings reveal a new crucial combined effect of the silencing of PERK and ATF4 in modulating ER stress-mediated apoptosis during chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Lee WYW, Wang B. Cartilage repair by mesenchymal stem cells: Clinical trial update and perspectives. J Orthop Translat 2017; 9:76-88. [PMID: 29662802 PMCID: PMC5822962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of joints with destruction of articular cartilage associated with subchondral bone hypertrophy and inflammation. OA is the leading cause of joint pain resulting in significant worsening of the quality-of-life in the elderly. Numerous efforts have been spent to overcome the inherently poor healing ability of articular cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been in the limelight of cell-based therapies to promote cartilage repair. Despite progressive advancements in MSC manipulation and the introduction of various bioactive scaffolds and growth factors in preclinical studies, current clinical trials are still at early stages with preliminary aims to evaluate safety, feasibility and efficacy. This review summarises recently reported MSC-based clinical trials and discusses new research directions with particular focus on the potential application of MSC-derived extracellular vehicles, miRNAs and advanced gene editing techniques which may shed light on the development of novel treatment strategies. The translational potential of this article: This review summarises recent MSC-related clinical research that focuses on cartilage repair. We also propose a novel possible translational direction for hyaline cartilage formation and a new paradigm making use of extra-cellular signalling and epigenetic regulation in the application of MSCs for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Yuk-wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
- SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
- SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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25
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Dynamic changes of epigenetic signatures during chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:719-731. [PMID: 28273634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have been performed to clarify the processes during which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into their lineage fates. In vitro differentiation of MSCs into distinct lineages have attracted the focus of a large number of clinical investigations. Although the gene expression profiling during differentiation of MSC toward bone, cartilage, and adipocytes is well established, the master regulators by which MSC fate can be controlled are not entirely determined. During differentiation of MSCs into a special cell fate, epigenetic mechanisms considered as the primary mediators that suppress the irrelevant genes and activate the genes required for a specific cell lineage. This review dedicated to addressing the changes of various epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and micro-RNAs during chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSC.
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Smeeton J, Askary A, Crump JG. Building and maintaining joints by exquisite local control of cell fate. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6:10.1002/wdev.245. [PMID: 27581688 PMCID: PMC5877473 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We owe the flexibility of our bodies to sophisticated articulations between bones. Establishment of these joints requires the integration of multiple tissue types: permanent cartilage that cushions the articulating bones, synovial membranes that enclose a lubricating fluid-filled cavity, and a fibrous capsule and ligaments that provide structural support. Positioning the prospective joint region involves establishment of an "interzone" region of joint progenitor cells within a nascent cartilage condensation, which is achieved through the interplay of activators and inhibitors of multiple developmental signaling pathways. Within the interzone, tight regulation of BMP and TGFβ signaling prevents the hypertrophic maturation of joint chondrocytes, in part through downstream transcriptional repressors and epigenetic modulators. Synovial cells then acquire further specializations through expression of genes that promote lubrication, as well as the formation of complex structures such as cavities and entheses. Whereas genetic investigations in mice and humans have uncovered a number of regulators of joint development and homeostasis, recent work in zebrafish offers a complementary reductionist approach toward understanding joint positioning and the regulation of chondrocyte fate at joints. The complexity of building and maintaining joints may help explain why there are still few treatments for osteoarthritis, one of the most common diseases in the human population. A major challenge will be to understand how developmental abnormalities in joint structure, as well as postnatal roles for developmental genes in joint homeostasis, contribute to birth defects and degenerative diseases of joints. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e245. doi: 10.1002/wdev.245 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Smeeton
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amjad Askary
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
The involvement of the epigenome in complex diseases is becoming increasingly clear and more feasible to study due to new genomic and computational technologies. Moreover, therapies altering the activities of proteins that modify and interpret the epigenome are available to treat cancers and neurological disorders. Many additional uses have been proposed for these drugs based on promising preclinical results, including in arthritis models. Understanding the effects of epigenomic drugs on the skeleton is of interest because of its importance in maintaining overall health and fitness. In this review, we summarize ongoing advancements in how one class of epigenetic modifiers, histone deacetylases (Hdacs), controls normal cartilage development and homeostasis, as well as recent work aimed at understanding the alterations in the expression and activities of these enzymes in osteoarthritis (OA). We also review recent studies utilizing Hdac inhibitors and discuss the potential therapeutic benefits and limitations of these drugs for preventing cartilage destruction in OA.
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Green JD, Tollemar V, Dougherty M, Yan Z, Yin L, Ye J, Collier Z, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Kang R, Lee MJ, Ho SH, He TC, Shi LL, Athiviraham A. Multifaceted signaling regulators of chondrogenesis: Implications in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering. Genes Dis 2015; 2:307-327. [PMID: 26835506 PMCID: PMC4730920 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular nature. Current surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage in favor of fibrous tissue. Here, we review the current understanding of the most important biological regulators of chondrogenesis and their interactions, to provide insight into potential applications for cartilage tissue engineering. These include various signaling pathways, including: fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, hypoxia, and angiogenic signaling pathways. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of chondrogenesis will also be discussed. Advances in our understanding of these signaling pathways have led to promising advances in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Green
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Viktor Tollemar
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark Dougherty
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zachary Collier
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin H. Ho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Guo F, Han X, Wu Z, Cheng Z, Hu Q, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu C. ATF6a, a Runx2-activable transcription factor, is a new regulator of chondrocyte hypertrophy. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:717-28. [PMID: 26527399 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.169623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous research has shown that the spliced isoform of XBP1 (XBP1s) is an important downstream mediator of BMP2 and is involved in BMP2-stimulated chondrocyte differentiation. Herein, we report that ATF6 and its cleaved N-terminal cytoplasmic domain (known as ATF6a) are expressed in growth plate chondrocytes. We find that these proteins are differentially induced during BMP2-triggered chondrocyte differentiation. This differential expression probably results from the activation of the ATF6 gene by Runx2 and its repression by the Sox6 transcription factor. Runx2 and Sox6 act through their respective binding elements on the ATF6 gene. When overexpressed, ATF6 and ATF6a intensify chondrogenesis; our studies demonstrate that under the stimulation of ATF6 and ATF6a, chondrocytes tend to be hypertrophied and mineralized, a process leading to bone formation. By contrast, lowering expression of ATF6a by use of its specific siRNA suppresses chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, ATF6a interacts with Runx2 and augments the Runx2-mediated hypertrophication of chondrocytes. Importantly, overexpression and knockdown of ATF6a during the chondrocyte hypertrophy process also led to altered expressions of IHH and PTHrP (also known as PTHLH). Taken together, these findings indicate that ATF6a favorably controls chondrogenesis and bone formation (1) by acting as a co-factor of Runx2 and enhancing Runx2-incited hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, and (2) by affecting IHH and PTHrP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhi Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016 NY, USA
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Somatic human ZBTB7A zinc finger mutations promote cancer progression. Oncogene 2015; 35:3071-8. [PMID: 26455326 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that ZBTB7A is a bona fide transcription repressor of key glycolytic genes and its downregulation in human cancer contributes to tumor metabolism. As reduced expression of ZBTB7A is found only in a subset of human cancers, we explored alternative mechanisms of its inactivation by mining human cancer genome databases. We discovered recurrent somatic mutations of ZBTB7A in multiple types of human cancers with a marked enrichment of mutations within the zinc finger domain. Functional characterization of the mutants demonstrated that mutations within the zinc finger region of ZBTB7A invariably resulted in loss of function. As a consequence, the glycolytic genes were markedly upregulated in cancer cells harboring ZBTB7A zinc finger mutation, leading to increased glycolysis and proliferation. Our study uncovers the loss-of-function mutation in ZBTB7A as a novel mechanism causing elevated glycolysis in human cancer, which carries important therapeutic implication.
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Bradley EW, Carpio LR, van Wijnen AJ, McGee-Lawrence ME, Westendorf JJ. Histone Deacetylases in Bone Development and Skeletal Disorders. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1359-81. [PMID: 26378079 PMCID: PMC4600951 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (Hdacs) are conserved enzymes that remove acetyl groups from lysine side chains in histones and other proteins. Eleven of the 18 Hdacs encoded by the human and mouse genomes depend on Zn(2+) for enzymatic activity, while the other 7, the sirtuins (Sirts), require NAD2(+). Collectively, Hdacs and Sirts regulate numerous cellular and mitochondrial processes including gene transcription, DNA repair, protein stability, cytoskeletal dynamics, and signaling pathways to affect both development and aging. Of clinical relevance, Hdacs inhibitors are United States Food and Drug Administration-approved cancer therapeutics and are candidate therapies for other common diseases including arthritis, diabetes, epilepsy, heart disease, HIV infection, neurodegeneration, and numerous aging-related disorders. Hdacs and Sirts influence skeletal development, maintenance of mineral density and bone strength by affecting intramembranous and endochondral ossification, as well as bone resorption. With few exceptions, inhibition of Hdac or Sirt activity though either loss-of-function mutations or prolonged chemical inhibition has negative and/or toxic effects on skeletal development and bone mineral density. Specifically, Hdac/Sirt suppression causes abnormalities in physiological development such as craniofacial dimorphisms, short stature, and bone fragility that are associated with several human syndromes or diseases. In contrast, activation of Sirts may protect the skeleton from aging and immobilization-related bone loss. This knowledge may prolong healthspan and prevent adverse events caused by epigenetic therapies that are entering the clinical realm at an unprecedented rate. In this review, we summarize the general properties of Hdacs/Sirts and the research that has revealed their essential functions in bone forming cells (e.g., osteoblasts and chondrocytes) and bone resorbing osteoclasts. Finally, we offer predictions on future research in this area and the utility of this knowledge for orthopedic applications and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Bradley
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lomeli R Carpio
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Mayo Clinic, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota; and Georgia Regents University, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, Georgia
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Xiong Z, Jiang R, Zhang P, Han X, Guo FJ. Transmission of ER stress response by ATF6 promotes endochondral bone growth. J Orthop Surg Res 2015; 10:141. [PMID: 26374329 PMCID: PMC4571128 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-015-0284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We reported earlier that X-box binding protein1 spliced (XBP1S), a key regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), as a bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-inducible transcription factor, positively regulates endochondral bone formation by activating granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP) chondrogenic growth factor. Under the stress of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the cells can be protected by the mammalian UPR. However, the influence of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), another transcriptional arm of UPR, in BMP2-induced chondrocyte differentiation has not yet been elucidated. In the current study, we investigate and explore the role of ATF6 in endochondral bone formation, focus on associated molecules of hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, as well as the molecular events underlying this process. Methods High-cell-density micromass cultures were used to induce ATDC5 and C3H10T1/2 cell differentiation into chondrocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting analysis, and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine (1) the expression of ATF6, ATF6α, collagen II, collagen X, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) and (2) whether ATF6 stimulates chondrogenesis and whether ATF6 enhances runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)-mediated chondrocyte hypertrophy. Culture of fetal mouse bone explants was to detect whether ATF6 stimulates chondrocyte hypertrophy, mineralization, and endochondral bone growth. Coimmunoprecipitation was employed to determine whether ATF6 associates with Runx2 in chondrocyte differentiation. Results ATF6 is differentially expressed in the course of BMP2-triggered chondrocyte differentiation. Overexpression of ATF6 accelerates chondrocyte differentiation, and the ex vivo studies reveal that ATF6 is a potent stimulator of chondrocyte hypertrophy, mineralization, and endochondral bone growth. Knockdown of ATF6 via a siRNA approach inhibits chondrogenesis. Furthermore, ATF6 associates with Runx2 and enhances Runx2-induced chondrocyte hypertrophy. And, the stimulation effect of ATF6 is reduced during inhibition of Runx2 via a siRNA approach, suggesting that the promoting effect is required for Runx2. Conclusions Our observations demonstrate that ATF6 positively regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy and endochondral bone formation through activating Runx2-mediated hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyuan Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feng-Jin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Core Facility of Development Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Liu XS, Genet MD, Haines JE, Mehanna EK, Wu S, Chen HIH, Chen Y, Qureshi AA, Han J, Chen X, Fisher DE, Pandolfi PP, Yuan ZM. ZBTB7A Suppresses Melanoma Metastasis by Transcriptionally Repressing MCAM. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1206-17. [PMID: 25995384 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The excessive metastatic propensity of melanoma makes it the most deadly form of skin cancer, yet the underlying mechanism of metastasis remains elusive. Here, mining of cancer genome datasets discovered a frequent loss of chromosome 19p13.3 and associated downregulation of the zinc finger transcription factor ZBTB7A in metastatic melanoma. Functional assessment of ZBTB7A-regulated genes identified MCAM, which encodes an adhesion protein key to melanoma metastasis. Using an integrated approach, it is demonstrated that ZBTB7A directly binds to the promoter and transcriptionally represses the expression of MCAM, establishing ZBTB7A as a bona fide transcriptional repressor of MCAM. Consistently, downregulation of ZBTB7A results in marked upregulation of MCAM and enhanced melanoma cell invasion and metastasis. An inverse correlation of ZBTB7A and MCAM expression in association with melanoma metastasis is further validated with data from analysis of human melanoma specimens. IMPLICATIONS Together, these results uncover a previously unrecognized role of ZBTB7A in negative regulation of melanoma metastasis and have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Liu
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew D Genet
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenna E Haines
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elie K Mehanna
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hung-I Harry Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jiali Han
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiang Chen
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Tinoco G, Wilky BA, Paz-Mejia A, Rosenberg A, Trent JC. The biology and management of cartilaginous tumors: a role for targeting isocitrate dehydrogenase. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2015:e648-e655. [PMID: 25993236 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.e648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are rare mesenchymal neoplasms defined by the production of abnormal cartilaginous matrix. Conventional chondrosarcoma is the most common histology. The management of primary conventional chondrosarcoma generally is surgical with the possible addition of radiation therapy. Treatment of conventional chondrosarcoma is problematic in unresectable or metastatic disease because the tumors tend to be resistant to standard sarcoma chemotherapy regimens. Previous attempts at targeted therapy, including inhibitors of Hedgehog signaling, the mTOR pathway, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) have been largely disappointing. However, heterozygous mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes recently have been identified in chondrogenic neoplasms, with mutations reported in approximately 87% of benign enchondromas, 70% of conventional chondrosarcomas, and 54% of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. The normal IDH protein continues to produce alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) whereas the mutant IDH protein converts KG to the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Clinical trials of novel IDH inhibitors are ongoing, with evidence of early activity in IDH-mutant leukemias. IDH inhibitors show antitumor effects against IDH-mutant chondrosarcoma cell lines, supporting the inclusion of patients with chondrosarcoma with IDH mutations on IDH inhibitor clinical trials for solid tumors. Targeting IDH mutations may offer hope of a novel antineoplastic strategy not only for patients with chondrosarcomas, but also for other solid tumors with aberrant IDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Tinoco
- From the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Breelyn A Wilky
- From the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Ana Paz-Mejia
- From the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Andrew Rosenberg
- From the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jonathan C Trent
- From the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Yang Y, Cui J, Xue F, Zhang C, Mei Z, Wang Y, Bi M, Shan D, Meredith A, Li H, Xu ZQD. Pokemon (FBI-1) interacts with Smad4 to repress TGF-β-induced transcriptional responses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:270-81. [PMID: 25514493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pokemon, an important proto-oncoprotein, is a transcriptional repressor that belongs to the POK (POZ and Krüppel) family. Smad4, a key component of TGF-β pathway, plays an essential role in TGF-β-induced transcriptional responses. In this study, we show that Pokemon can interact directly with Smad4 both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of Pokemon decreases TGF-β-induced transcriptional activities, whereas knockdown of Pokemon increases these activities. Interestingly, Pokemon does not affect activation of Smad2/3, formation of Smads complex, or DNA binding activity of Smad4. TGF-β1 treatment increases the interaction between Pokemon and Smad4, and also enhances the recruitment of Pokemon to Smad4-DNA complex. In addition, we also find that Pokemon recruits HDAC1 to Smad4 complex but decreases the interaction between Smad4 and p300/CBP. Taken together, all these data suggest that Pokemon is a new partner of Smad4 and plays a negative role in TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing,100069, China.
| | - Jiajun Cui
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267, USA; Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chuanfu Zhang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing,100069, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mingjun Bi
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267, USA
| | - Dapeng Shan
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Alex Meredith
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45267, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington KY, 40536, USA
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing,100069, China.
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Liu XS, Haines JE, Mehanna EK, Genet MD, Ben-Sahra I, Asara JM, Manning BD, Yuan ZM. ZBTB7A acts as a tumor suppressor through the transcriptional repression of glycolysis. Genes Dev 2014; 28:1917-28. [PMID: 25184678 PMCID: PMC4197949 DOI: 10.1101/gad.245910.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Elevated glycolysis is a common metabolic trait of cancer, but what drives such metabolic reprogramming remains incompletely clear. Liu et al. found that ZBTB7A, a member of the POK transcription repressor family, directly binds to the promoter and represses the transcription of critical glycolytic genes. The ZBTB7A locus is frequently deleted in many human tumors. While ZBTB7A-deficient tumors progressed exceedingly fast, they exhibited an unusually heightened sensitivity to glycolysis inhibition. Elevated glycolysis is a common metabolic trait of cancer, but what drives such metabolic reprogramming remains incompletely clear. We report here a novel transcriptional repressor-mediated negative regulation of glycolysis. ZBTB7A, a member of the POK (POZ/BTB and Krüppel) transcription repressor family, directly binds to the promoter and represses the transcription of critical glycolytic genes, including GLUT3, PFKP, and PKM. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets reveals that the ZBTB7A locus is frequently deleted in many human tumors. Significantly, reduced ZBTB7A expression correlates with up-regulation of the glycolytic genes and poor survival in colon cancer patients. Remarkably, while ZBTB7A-deficient tumors progress exceedingly fast, they exhibit an unusually heightened sensitivity to glycolysis inhibition. Our study uncovers a novel tumor suppressor role of ZBTB7A in directly suppressing glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Liu
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jenna E Haines
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Elie K Mehanna
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Matthew D Genet
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brendan D Manning
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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37
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Wang X, Cao P, Li Z, Wu D, Wang X, Liang G. EPAS-1 mediates SP-1-dependent FBI-1 expression and regulates tumor cell survival and proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15689-99. [PMID: 25192290 PMCID: PMC4200855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Factor binding IST-1 (FBI-1) plays an important role in oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis. As FBI-1 is over-expressed in multiple human cancers, the regulation of itself would provide new effective options for cancer intervention. In this work, we aimed to study the role that EPAS-1 plays in regulating FBI-1. We use the fact that specificity protein-1 (SP-1) is one of the crucial transcription factors of FBI-1, and that SP-1 can interact with the endothelial pas domain protein-1 (EPAS-1) for the induction of hypoxia related genes. The study showed that EPAS-1 plays an indispensible role in SP-1 transcription factor-mediated FBI-1 induction, and participated in tumor cell survival and proliferation. Thus, EPAS-1 could be a novel target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Rashid NU, Sun W, Ibrahim JG. Some Statistical Strategies for DAE-seq Data Analysis: Variable Selection and Modeling Dependencies among Observations. J Am Stat Assoc 2014; 109:78-94. [PMID: 24678134 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2013.869222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In DAE (DNA After Enrichment)-seq experiments, genomic regions related with certain biological processes are enriched/isolated by an assay and are then sequenced on a high-throughput sequencing platform to determine their genomic positions. Statistical analysis of DAE-seq data aims to detect genomic regions with significant aggregations of isolated DNA fragments ("enriched regions") versus all the other regions ("background"). However, many confounding factors may influence DAE-seq signals. In addition, the signals in adjacent genomic regions may exhibit strong correlations, which invalidate the independence assumption employed by many existing methods. To mitigate these issues, we develop a novel Autoregressive Hidden Markov Model (AR-HMM) to account for covariates effects and violations of the independence assumption. We demonstrate that our AR-HMM leads to improved performance in identifying enriched regions in both simulated and real datasets, especially in those in epigenetic datasets with broader regions of DAE-seq signal enrichment. We also introduce a variable selection procedure in the context of the HMM/AR-HMM where the observations are not independent and the mean value of each state-specific emission distribution is modeled by some covariates. We study the theoretical properties of this variable selection procedure and demonstrate its efficacy in simulated and real DAE-seq data. In summary, we develop several practical approaches for DAE-seq data analysis that are also applicable to more general problems in statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim U Rashid
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
| | - Joseph G Ibrahim
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A
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Yik JH, Li H, Acharya C, Kumari R, Fierro F, Haudenschild DR, Nolta J, Di Cesare PE. The Oncogene LRF Stimulates Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Inhibits Their Chondrogenic Differentiation. Cartilage 2013; 4:329-38. [PMID: 26069677 PMCID: PMC4297155 DOI: 10.1177/1947603513497570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The oncogene leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) enhances chondrosarcoma proliferation and malignancy. This study aimed to investigate the roles of LRF in chondrogenic differentiation of primary human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). DESIGN LRF was overexpressed in BMSC by lentiviral transduction. Chondrogenic differentiation of BMSC was induced by high-density pellet culture. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate changes in protein and mRNA levels, respectively, during chondrogenesis. Safranin-O staining, immunohistochemistry, and glycoaminoglycan contents were used to assess cartilage matrix deposition. BMSC proliferation was determined by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and cell counting. Cell cycle profiling was performed by flow cytometry. RESULTS LRF overexpression effectively inhibited protein and mRNA expression of chondrocyte markers and cartilage matrix deposition during chondrogenesis of BMSC. Endogenous LRF expression was constitutively high in undifferentiated BMSC but remained low in primary articular chondrocytes. Endogenous LRF protein was downregulated in a time-dependent manner during chondrogenesis. BMSCs overexpressing LRF had higher proliferation rates and cell population in the S phase. LRF suppressed p53 expression during chondrogenesis and this might prevent differentiating chondrocytes from entering a quiescent state. CONCLUSION Our data showed that LRF is important for stimulating stem cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. It is known that LRF is highly expressed in the mouse limb buds prior to overt chondrogenesis; thus, LRF might function to prevent premature chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper H.N. Yik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Chitrangada Acharya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ratna Kumari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Fierro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Dominik R. Haudenschild
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jan Nolta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Paul E. Di Cesare
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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40
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Abstract
In the human genome, 43 different genes are found that encode proteins belonging to the family of the POK (poxvirus and zinc finger and Krüppel)/ZBTB (zinc finger and broad complex, tramtrack, and bric à brac) factors. Generally considered transcriptional repressors, several of these genes play fundamental roles in cell lineage fate decision in various tissues, programming specific tasks throughout the life of the organism. Here, we focus on functions of leukemia/lymphoma-related factor/POK erythroid myeloid ontogenic factor, which is probably one of the most exciting and yet enigmatic members of the POK/ZBTB family.
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41
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Li Y, Xu S, Wang X, Shi H, Sun Z, Yang Z. Tumor-specific RNA Interference Targeting Pokemon Suppresses Tumor Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer. Urology 2013; 81:467.e1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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42
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Bi X, Jin Y, Gao X, Liu F, Gao D, Jiang Y, Liu H. Investigation of Pokemon-regulated proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma using mass spectrometry-based multiplex quantitative proteomics. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2013; 19:111-121. [PMID: 24261083 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pokemon is a transcription regulator involved in embryonic development, cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. It is aberrantly overexpressed in multiple human cancers including Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is considered as a promising biomarker for HCC. In this work, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics strategy was used to investigate the proteomic profile associated with Pokemon in human HCC cell line QGY7703 and human hepatocyte line HL7702. Samples were labeled with four-plex iTRAQ reagents followed by two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 24 differentially expressed proteins were selected as significant. Nine proteins were potentially up-regulated by Pokemon while 15 proteins were potentially down-regulated and many proteins were previously identified as potential biomarkers for HCC. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment revealed that the listed proteins were mainly involved in DNA metabolism and biosynthesis process. The changes of glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PD, up-regulated) and ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large sub-unit (RIM1, down-regulated) were validated by Western blotting analysis and denoted as Pokemon's function of oncogenesis. We also found that Pokemon potentially repressed the expression of highly clustered proteins (MCM3, MCM5, MCM6, MCM7) which played key roles in promoting DNA replication. Altogether, our results may help better understand the role of Pokemon in HCC and promote the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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43
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Kumari R, Li H, Haudenschild DR, Fierro F, Carlson CS, Overn P, Gupta L, Gupta K, Nolta J, Yik JHN, Di Cesare PE. The oncogene LRF is a survival factor in chondrosarcoma and contributes to tumor malignancy and drug resistance. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2076-83. [PMID: 22847180 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a form of malignant skeletal tumor of cartilaginous origin. The non-malignant form of the disease is termed chondroma. Correctly distinguishing between the two forms is essential for making therapeutic decisions. However, due to their similar histological appearances and the lack of a reliable diagnostic marker, it is often difficult to distinguish benign tumors from low-grade chondrosarcoma. Therefore, it is necessary to search for a potential marker that has diagnostic and prognostic values in chondrosarcoma. In this study, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that elevated leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) expression was associated with increased malignancy in human chondrosarcoma tissue microarrays. Moreover, siRNA depletion of LRF drastically reduced proliferation of chondrosarcoma cell lines and effectively induced senescence in these cells. This could be attributed to the observation that LRF-depleted cells were arrested at the G(1) phase, and had increased p53 and p21 expression. Moreover, LRF depletion not only drastically reduces the cellular migration and invasion potentials of chondrosarcoma cells but also sensitized these cells to the apoptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. We conclude that LRF is a survival factor in chondrosarcomas and its expression correlates with tumor malignancy and chemoresistance. Our data implicate the potential role of LRF as both a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for chondrosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Kumari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Dobson NR, Moore RT, Tobin JE, Armstrong RC. Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor regulates oligodendrocyte lineage cell differentiation in developing white matter. Glia 2012; 60:1378-90. [PMID: 22615173 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates differentiation and oncogenesis in multiple tissues and cell lineages. The potential role for LRF in cells of the CNS has not been examined to date. This study shows prominent nuclear expression of LRF in diverse neuronal populations and in oligodendrocytes. We focused on examining the function of LRF during the transition from oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) to mature oligodendrocyte that is associated with myelination in the postnatal spinal cord. During spinal cord myelination, LRF is expressed in only a minority of OP cells whereas most mature oligodendrocytes exhibited nuclear LRF immunoreactivity. Mice with floxed alleles of the Zbtb7a gene, which encodes for LRF protein, were used for in vivo analysis of LRF function. Lentiviral driven Cre recombinase inactivation of LRF at postnatal day 7 reduced the proportion of OP cells that differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes by postnatal day 28. Astrocyte populations were not altered by LRF deletion in the same tissues. These results indicate that LRF deletion reduces differentiation within the oligodendrocyte lineage and does not alter OP lineage choice. In vitro analysis confirmed a specific effect of LRF on OP differentiation. In neonatal OP cultures, RNA interference targeting LRF inhibited OP differentiation while LRF transduction was sufficient to induce differentiation into oligodendrocytes. These results support a critical role for LRF in transcriptional control of differentiation in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during developmental myelination in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Dobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Stage-specific functions of leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) in the transcriptional control of osteoclast development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:2561-6. [PMID: 22308398 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116042109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fate determination is tightly regulated by transcriptional activators and repressors. Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF; encoded by Zbtb7a), known as a POK (POZ/BTB and Krüppel) family transcriptional repressor, is induced during the development of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, but the physiological significance of LRF in bone metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of osteoclastogenesis by LRF have not been elucidated. Here we show that LRF negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation by repressing nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) induction in the early phase of osteoclast development, while positively regulating osteoclast-specific genes by functioning as a coactivator of NFATc1 in the bone resorption phase. The stage-specific distinct functions of LRF were demonstrated in two lines of conditional knockout mice in which LRF was deleted in the early or late phase of osteoclast development. Thus, this study shows that LRF plays stage-specific distinct roles in osteoclast differentiation, exemplifying the delicate transcriptional regulation at work in lineage commitment.
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Li H, Haudenschild D, Posey K, Hecht J, Di Cesare P, Yik J. Comparative analysis with collagen type II distinguishes cartilage oligomeric matrix protein as a primary TGFβ-responsive gene. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1246-53. [PMID: 21843649 PMCID: PMC4098880 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the regulation of expression of Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), which is predominately expressed by chondrocytes and functions to organize the extracellular matrix. Mutations in COMP cause two skeletal dysplasias: pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. The mechanism controlling COMP expression during chondrocyte differentiation is still poorly understood. DESIGN Primary human bone marrow-derived stem cells were induced to differentiate into chondrocyte by pellet cultures. We then compared the temporal expression of COMP with the well-characterized cartilage-specific Type II collagen (Col2a1), and their response to transforming growth factor (TGF)β and Sox trio (Sox5, 6, and 9) stimulation. RESULTS COMP and Col2a1 expression are differentially regulated by three distinct mechanisms. First, upregulation of COMP mRNA precedes Col2a1 by several days during chondrogenesis. Second, COMP expression is independent of high cell density but requires TGF-β1. Induction of COMP mRNA by TGF-β1 is detected within 2h in the absence of protein synthesis and is blocked by specific inhibitors of the TGFβ signaling pathway; and therefore, COMP is a primary TFGβ-response gene. Lastly, while Col2a1 expression is intimately controlled by the Sox trio, overexpression of Sox trio fails to activate the COMP promoter. CONCLUSION COMP and Col2a1 expression are regulated differently during chondrogenesis. COMP is a primary response gene of TGFβ and its fast induction during chondrogenesis suggests that COMP is suitable for rapidly accessing the chondrogenic potential of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - D.R. Haudenschild
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - K.L. Posey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J.T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - P.E. Di Cesare
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - J.H.N. Yik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: J.H.N. Yik, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4635 Second Ave, Research Building 1, Room 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Fax: 1-916-734-5750. (J.H.N. Yik)
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Zhang QL, Tian DA, Xu XJ. Depletion of Pokemon gene inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth through inhibition of H-ras. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:526-31. [PMID: 21985851 DOI: 10.1159/000332141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pokemon is a transcription repressor which plays a critical role in cell transformation and malignancy. However, little is known about its effect on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Pokemon in human HCC tissues and the biological behavior of Pokemon in HCC cells in which it is overexpressed. We also explored the expression of potential downstream cofactors of Pokemon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to investigate the expression of Pokemon in tissues of 30 HCC patients. We then examined cell proliferation or apoptosis and β-catenin or H-ras expression in Pokemon-depleted HepG(2) cells using DNA vector-based RNA interference technology. RESULTS Pokemon was markedly expressed in 22/30 (73.3%) HCC tissues, with expression levels higher than in adjacent normal liver tissues (p < 0.05); expression is correlated with tumor size. In contrast, depletion of Pokemon inhibited proliferation of HepG(2) or induced apoptosis. Also, H-ras expression decreased to a large extent. CONCLUSIONS Pokemon exerts its oncogenic activity in the development of HCC by promoting cancer cell growth and reducing apoptosis, and the effect may be mediated by H-ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Le Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
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Bradley EW, McGee-Lawrence ME, Westendorf JJ. Hdac-mediated control of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2011; 21:101-13. [PMID: 22077150 PMCID: PMC3218555 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v21.i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (Hdacs) remove acetyl groups (CH3CO-) from ε-amino groups in lysine residues within histones and other proteins. This posttranslational (de) modification alters protein stability, protein-protein interactions, and chromatin structure. Hdac activity plays important roles in the development of all organs and tissues, including the mineralized skeleton. Bone is a dynamic tissue that forms and regenerates by two processes: endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Chondrocytes and osteoblasts are responsible for producing the extracellular matrices of skeletal tissues. Several Hdacs contribute to the molecular pathways and chromatin changes that regulate tissue-specific gene expression during chondrocyte and osteoblast specification, maturation, and terminal differentiation. In this review, we summarize the roles of class I and class II Hdacs in chondrocytes and osteoblasts. The effects of small molecule Hdac inhibitors on the skeleton are also discussed.
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Kariya H, Yoshihara Y, Nakao Y, Sakurai N, Ueno M, Hashimoto M, Suda Y. Carboxymethyl-chitin promotes chondrogenesis by inducing the production of growth factors from immune cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:1034-41. [PMID: 20694970 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many techniques have been tested for their ability to restore cartilage defects, but several problems still remain in the complete healing of injured cartilage. In our previous study, we found that a carboxymethyl-chitin/beta-tricalcium phosphate (CM-chitin/beta-TCP) composite induced cartilage regeneration in the osteochondral defects of rabbits in vivo. We also found that CM-chitin stimulated peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) in mice and induced several kinds of inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1). In this study, we examined whether CM-chitin is responsible for the induction of chondrogenesis via the production of TGF-beta1 in vitro. The murine pluripotent cell line C3H10T1/2 was maintained as a micromass culture in conditioned medium prepared from PEC stimulated with and without CM-chitin. CM-chitin-conditioned medium induced RNA expression of the chondrogenic-factor Sox9 and the matrix proteins aggrecan, Col2a1, and Comp. Their expression levels were decreased in the presence of anti-TGF-beta1 antibody. The micromass tissues cultured in CM-chitin conditioned medium at day 21 were clearly stained by Toluidine blue or Alcian blue (histological staining) and collagen II antibody (immunohistological staining), showing the expression of acidic glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen. Similar results were observed in micromass tissue stimulated with TGF-beta1 as a positive control. However, no chondrogenesis occurred when CM-chitin was added directly to a C3H10T1/2 cell culture. These results indicated that CM-chitin is a potent inducer of chondrogenesis via the induction of TGF-beta1 in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kariya
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Aggarwal A, Hunter WJ, Aggarwal H, Silva ED, Davey MS, Murphy RF, Agrawal DK. Expression of leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF/POKEMON) in human breast carcinoma and other cancers. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 89:140-8. [PMID: 20471975 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The POK family of proteins plays an important role in not only embryonic development and cell differentiation, but also in oncogenesis. Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) belongs to the POK family of transcriptional repressors and is also known as POK erythroid myeloid ontogenic factor (POKEMON), which binds to short transcripts of HIV-1 (FBI-1) and TTF-1 interacting peptide (TIP21). Its oncogenic role is known only in lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and malignant gliomas. The functional expression of LRF in human breast carcinoma has not yet been confirmed. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the expression of LRF in human breast cancer tissues and other human tumors. The expression of LRF mRNA transcripts and protein was observed in twenty human benign and malignant breast biopsy tissues. Expression of LRF was observed in several formalin-fixed tissues by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. All malignant breast tissues expressed mRNA transcripts and protein for LRF. However, 40% and 15% benign breast biopsy tissues expressed LRF mRNA transcripts and protein, respectively. The overall expression of LRF mRNA transcripts and total protein was significantly more in malignant breast tissues than the benign breast tissues. LRF expression was also observed in the nuclei of human colon, renal, lung, hepatocellular carcinomas and thymoma tumor cells. In general, a significantly higher expression of LRF was seen in malignant tissues than in the corresponding benign or normal tissue. Further studies are warranted to determine the malignant role of LRF in human breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Aggarwal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
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