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Zheng S, Liu Y. Progress in the Study of Fra-2 in Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7143. [PMID: 39000247 PMCID: PMC11240912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2) is a member of the activating protein-1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors. It is involved in controlling cell growth and differentiation by regulating the production of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and coordinating the balance of signals within and outside the cell. Fra-2 is not only closely related to bone development, metabolism, and immune system and eye development but also in the progression of respiratory conditions like lung tumors, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The increased expression and activation of Fra-2 in various lung diseases has been shown in several studies. However, the specific molecular mechanisms through which Fra-2 affects the development of respiratory diseases are not yet understood. The purpose of this research is to summarize and delineate advancements in the study of the involvement of transcription factor Fra-2 in disorders related to the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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Prado E Silva M, de Fátima Soto S, de Almeida FM, Correia AT, Pêgo-Fernandes PM, Pazetti R. Tacrolimus impairs airway mucociliary clearance of rats. Transpl Immunol 2024; 82:101990. [PMID: 38199268 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tacrolimus (TAC) is the most widely used immunosuppressive agent after lung transplantation. Considering that the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) mainly depends on the cytoplasmic calcium concentration and that TAC can affect this due to its binding with the intracellular immunophilin FKBP12, we hypothesized that TAC could also impair the airway mucociliary clearance of rats. METHODS Sixty rats were divided into two groups (n = 30 each): Control = water; TAC = tacrolimus. After 7, 15 or 30 days of treatment, ten animals from each group were euthanized and the following parameters were studied: mucus transportability, CBF, mucociliary transport velocity (MCTV), and neutral and acid mucus production. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in CBF (Control vs TAC: 7 days, p = 0.008; 15 days, p = 0.007; 30 days, p = 0.001) and MCTV (Control vs TAC: 7 days, p = 0.004; 15 days, p < 0.001; 30 days, p < 0.001) in all immunosuppressed animals. TAC therapy also caused an increase in acid mucus production at all treatment times (Control vs TAC: 7 days, p = 0.001; 15 days, p = 0.043; 30 days, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS TAC impairs airway mucociliary clearance of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristela Prado E Silva
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Toracica, Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Fátima Soto
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Toracica, Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francine Maria de Almeida
- Laboratorio de Terapeutica Experimental, Departamento de Clinica Medica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aristides Tadeu Correia
- Laboratorio de Orgaos e Tecidos, Serviço de Cirurgia Toracica, Instituto do Coraçao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Manuel Pêgo-Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Toracica, Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Pazetti
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Toracica, Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Zhou L, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Zhang R, Liu Y, Li X, Zhao W, Ye J, Ju Y, Ye L. ANRIL regulating the secretion of Muc5ac induced by atmospheric PM 2.5 via NF-κB pathway in Beas-2B cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2256-2270. [PMID: 37334859 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 can cause airway inflammation and promote the excessive secretion of mucin 5ac (Muc5ac), which can further induce many respiratory diseases. Antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) might regulate the inflammatory responses mediated by nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Beas-2B cells were used to clarify the role of ANRIL in the secretion of Muc5ac induced by PM2.5 . The siRNA was used to silence ANRIL expression. Normal and gene silenced Beas-2B cells were respectively exposed to different doses of PM2.5 for 6, 12, and 24 h. The survival rate of Beas-2B cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Muc5ac levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of NF-κB family genes and ANRIL were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The levels of NF-κB family proteins and NF-κB family phosphorylated proteins were determined using Western blot. Immunofluorescence experiments were performed to observe the nuclear transposition of RelA. PM2.5 exposure increased the levels of Muc5ac, IL-1β and TNF-α, and ANRIL gene expression (p < .05). With the dose and time of PM2.5 exposure increasing, the protein levels of inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor kappa-B alpha (IκB-α), RelA, and NF-κB1 decreased, the protein levels of phosphorylated RelA (p-RelA) and phosphorylated NF-κB1 (p-NF-κB1) increased, and RelA nuclear translocation increased, which indicated that the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated (p < .05). Silencing ANRIL could decrease the levels of Muc5ac, IL-1β, TNF-α, decrease NF-κB family genes expression, inhibit the degradation of IκB-α and the activation of NF-κB pathway (p < .05). ANRIL played a regulatory role in the secretion of Muc5ac and the inflammation induced by atmospheric PM2.5 via NF-κB pathway in Beas-2B cells. ANRIL could be a target for prevention and treatment of the respiratory diseases caused by PM2.5 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianrong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Preventive and health care, Xianlin Health Service Center of Yuhang District in Hangzhou City, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruxuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weisen Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaming Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kim JH, Park HS, Lee JY, Ko EJ, Kim YR, Cho HY, Lee WS, Ahn EH, Kim NK. Association Study between Mucin 4 ( MUC4) Polymorphisms and Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in a Korean Population. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060937. [PMID: 35741699 PMCID: PMC9222798 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestational age. Our study investigated whether mucin 4 (MUC4) polymorphisms are associated with RPL. MUC polymorphisms (rs882605 C>A, rs1104760 A>G, rs2688513 A>G, rs2258447 C>T, and rs2291652 A>G) were genotyped in 374 women with RPL and 239 controls of Korean ethnicity using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and the TaqMan probe SNP genotyping assay. Differences in genotype frequencies between cases of RPL and the controls were compared. MUC4 rs882605 C>A and rs1104760 A>G polymorphisms were associated with increased incidence of RPL in three and four or more pregnancy loss patients. The haplotype analyses showed a tendency for the allelic effect including the association of MUC4 rs882605 A and rs1104760 G alleles with increased incidence of RPL. In addition, the MUC4 rs882605 CA/MUC4 rs2258447 CC genotype combination was associated with increased RPL prevalence. The two exonic polymorphisms lead to amino acid changes of protein and may act as pathogenic variants for RPL. In conclusion, the MUC4 rs882605 C>A and MUC4 rs1104760 A>G polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility of RPL and we considered them as potential biomarkers for RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyang Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (Y.-R.K.)
| | - Han-Sung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (H.-S.P.); (J.-Y.L.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Jeong-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (H.-S.P.); (J.-Y.L.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (H.-S.P.); (J.-Y.L.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Young-Ran Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (Y.-R.K.)
| | - Hee-Young Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea;
| | - Woo-Sik Lee
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea;
| | - Eun-Hee Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (Y.-R.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.-H.A.); (N.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-31-881-7137 (N.-K.K.)
| | - Nam-Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (H.-S.P.); (J.-Y.L.); (E.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.-H.A.); (N.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-31-881-7137 (N.-K.K.)
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Kim MO, Lee JW, Lee JK, Song YN, Oh ES, Ro H, Yoon D, Jeong YH, Park JY, Hong ST, Ryu HW, Lee SU, Lee DY. Black Ginseng Extract Suppresses Airway Inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharides In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040679. [PMID: 35453364 PMCID: PMC9025275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a risk factor that can induce airway enlargement, airway obstruction, and airway mucus hypersecretion. Although studies have shown that Korean black ginseng extract (BGE) has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, the CS-induced inflammatory responses and molecular mechanisms are yet to be examined. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BGE on the airway inflammatory response and its molecular mechanisms, using CS/lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-exposed animals and PMA-stimulated human airway epithelial NCI-H292 cells. The results show that BGE inhibited the recruitment of immune cells and the release of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, elastase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the airways of CS/LPS-exposed animals. BGE inhibited mucus secretion and the expression of Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC). Furthermore, BGE exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by downregulating a signaling pathway mediated by transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase (TAK) 1, an important protein that accelerates inflammation by cigarette smoke (CS). Overall, the findings show that BGE inhibits lung inflammation and mucus secretion by decreasing the activation of TAK1 both in human epithelial cells and in CS/LPS-exposed animals, and could be a potential adjuvant in the treatment and prevention of airway inflammatory diseases caused by airway irritants such as CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
| | - Jae Kyoung Lee
- Rpbio Research Institute, Rpbio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Korea;
| | - Yu Na Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Eun Sol Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Departments of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea;
| | - Yun-Hwa Jeong
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Ji-Yoon Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.R.); (S.U.L.); (D.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6117 (H.W.R.); +82-43-240-6106 (S.U.L.); +82-43-871-5781 (D.Y.L.)
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.R.); (S.U.L.); (D.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6117 (H.W.R.); +82-43-240-6106 (S.U.L.); +82-43-871-5781 (D.Y.L.)
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.W.R.); (S.U.L.); (D.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6117 (H.W.R.); +82-43-240-6106 (S.U.L.); +82-43-871-5781 (D.Y.L.)
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Tassew D, Fort S, Mebratu Y, McDonald J, Chu HW, Petersen H, Tesfaigzi Y. Effects of Wood Smoke Constituents on Mucin Gene Expression in Mice and Human Airway Epithelial Cells and on Nasal Epithelia of Subjects with a Susceptibility Gene Variant in Tp53. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:17010. [PMID: 35072516 PMCID: PMC8785869 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to wood smoke (WS) increases the risk for chronic bronchitis more than exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE The effect of WS and CS on mucous cell hyperplasia in mice and in human primary airway epithelial cells (AECs) was compared with replicate the findings in human cohorts. Responsible WS constituents were identified to better delineate the pathway involved, and the role of a tumor protein p53 (Tp53) gene polymorphism was investigated. METHODS Mice and primary human AECs were exposed to WS or CS and the signaling receptor and pathway were identified using short hairpin structures, small molecule inhibitors, and Western analyses. Mass spectrometric analysis was used to identify active WS constituents. The role of a gene variant in Tp53 that modifies proline to arginine was examined using nasal brushings from study participants in the Lovelace Smokers Cohort, primary human AECs, and mice with a modified Tp53 gene. RESULTS WS at 25-fold lower concentration than CS increased mucin expression more efficiently in mice and in human AECs in a p53 pathway-dependent manner. Study participants who were homozygous for p53 arginine compared with the proline variant showed higher mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA levels in nasal brushings if they reported WS exposure. The WS constituent, oxalate, increased MUC5AC levels similar to the whole WS extract, especially in primary human AECs homozygous for p53 arginine, and in mice with a modified Tp53 gene. Further, the anion exchange protein, SLC26A9, when reduced, enhanced WS- and oxalate-induced mucin expression. DISCUSSION The potency of WS compared with CS in inducing mucin expression may explain the increased risk for chronic bronchitis in participants exposed to WS. Identification of the responsible compounds could help estimate the risk of pollutants in causing chronic bronchitis in susceptible individuals and provide strategies to improve management of lung diseases. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Tassew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Fort
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Yohannes Mebratu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob McDonald
- Applied Sciences, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Hans Petersen
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nicholas BD, Kiprovski A, Perez D, Mehta R, Murphy MK, Li Z, Tampio A. Changes in Eustachian Tube Mucosa in Mice After Short-Term Tobacco and E-cigarette Smoke Exposure. Laryngoscope 2021; 132:648-654. [PMID: 34599608 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate histologic changes in middle ear and eustachian tube (ET) mucosa of mice after exposure to tobacco or electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) smoke. To determine whether there were any mitigating effects of middle ear application of anti-IL-13 or the epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist AG1478 on noted changes within ET mucosa. STUDY DESIGN Controlled animal study. METHODS Fifty BALB/cJ mice were randomly assigned to one of five groups: A control group with no smoke exposure, two groups exposed to tobacco smoke, and two groups exposed to e-cigarette vapor. Within the exposed groups after 4 weeks of exposure, one ear was infiltrated with a saline hydrogel and the other ear with hydrogel of either Anti-IL-13 or AG1478. After four more weeks of exposure, the animals were euthanized and the ETs were evaluated for mucosal changes. RESULTS Compared to control animals with no smoke exposure, there were significant decreases in the numbers of goblet cells within the ET mucosa of mice exposed to tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapor. No significant differences in cilia, mucin, or squamous metaplasia were noted. Neither anti-IL-13 nor AG178 significantly altered goblet cell count in the ET mucosa of mice exposed to tobacco smoke; however, both agents significantly increased goblet cells within the ET mucosa of mice exposed to e-cigarette vapor. CONCLUSION Short-term tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapor significantly decrease goblet cell count in mouse ET mucosa. Middle ear application of both anti-IL-13 and AG1478 resulted in an increase in goblet cell count among mice exposed to e-cigarette vapor, but not to tobacco smoke. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Nicholas
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A
| | | | - Diandra Perez
- Department of Pathology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A
| | - Rohin Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A
| | - Michael K Murphy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A
| | - Zhenfeng Li
- Department of Applied Statistics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A
| | - Alex Tampio
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A
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Taniguchi A, Tsuge M, Miyahara N, Tsukahara H. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative Defense in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101537. [PMID: 34679673 PMCID: PMC8533053 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema) and declining pulmonary function. It is increasingly obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) contribute to the progression and amplification of the inflammatory responses related to this disease. First, we described the association between cigarette smoking, the most representative exogenous oxidant, and COPD and then presented the multiple pathophysiological aspects of ROS and antioxidative defense systems in the development and progression of COPD. Second, the relationship between nitric oxide system (endothelial) dysfunction and oxidative stress has been discussed. Third, we have provided data on the use of these biomarkers in the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COPD and its progression and presented an overview of oxidative stress biomarkers having clinical applications in respiratory medicine, including those in exhaled breath, as per recent observations. Finally, we explained the findings of recent clinical and experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of antioxidative interventions for COPD. Future breakthroughs in antioxidative therapy may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Mitsuru Tsuge
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Academic Field of Health Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the major culprit of chronic lung diseases and the most dominant risk factor for the development of both lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, chronic inflammation has been shown to increase the risk of lung cancer and COPD in clinical and epidemiological studies. For pulmonary disease-related research, mice are the most commonly used model system. Multiple lung cancer mouse models driven by targeted genetic alterations are used to evaluate the critical roles of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. These models are useful in addressing lung tumorigenesis associated with specific genetic changes, but they are not able to provide a global insight into cigarette smoke-induced carcinogenesis. To fill this knowledge gap, we developed a lung cancer model by treating mice with cigarette smoke carcinogen nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) with/without repeated lipopolysaccharides (LPS) exposure in order to determine the role of chronic inflammation in lung tumorigenesis. Notably, combined LPS/NNK treatment increased tumor number, tumor incidence, and tumor area compared to NNK treatment alone. Therefore, this model offers a feasible approach to investigate lung cancer development on a more global level, determine the role of inflammation in carcinogenesis, and provide a tool for evaluating chemoprevention and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa E Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Beth Kahkonen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Chia-Hsin Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yuanpu Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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10
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The influence of smoking on bacterial resistance after vaccine or antibiotic prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infections. Actas Urol Esp 2020; 44:497-504. [PMID: 32595091 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of tobacco on the microbiological spectrum, resistance-sensitivity pattern and evolution in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) is analyzed. Evaluation of the effect of polyvalent bacterial vaccine on the prevention of RUTI and smoking status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective multicenter study of 855 women with RUTI receiving suppressive antibiotic treatment or bacterial vaccine between 2009 and 2013. Group A (GA): Antibiotic (n=495); Subgroups: GA1 non-smoker (n=417), GA2 smoker (n=78). Group B (GB): Vaccine (n=360); Subgroups: GB1 non-smoker (n=263), GB2 smoker (n=97). VARIABLES Age, pre-treatment UTI, disease-free time (DFT), microbial species, sensitivity and resistance. Follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months with culture and SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS Mean age 56.51 years (18-75), similar between groups (P=.2257). No difference in the number of pretreatment UTIs (P=.1329) or in the distribution of the bacterial spectrum (P=.7471). DFT was higher in subgroups B compared with A. Urine cultures in GA1: E. coli 62.71% with 8.10% resistance (33% quinolones; 33% cotrimoxazole; 33% quinolones + cotrimoxazole); in GA2 E. coli 61.53% with 75% resistance (16.66% quinolones; 33.33% quinolones + cotrimoxazole; 16.66% amoxicillin-clavulanate; 16.66% erythromycin + phosphomycin + clindamycin) (P=.0133). There were no differences between patients of GA treated with cotrimoxazole and nitrofurantoin (P=.8724). Urine cultures in GB1: E. coli 47.36% with 22.22% resistance (5.55% ciprofloxacin; 5.55% cotrimoxazole; 5.55% ciprofloxacin + cotrimoxazole; 5.55% amoxicillin/clavulanic acid). In GB2 E. coli 70.02% with 61.90% resistances (30.76% quinolones; 30.76% cotrimoxazole; 30.76% quinolones + cotrimoxazole; 17.69% amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) (P=.0144). CONCLUSIONS The development of bacterial resistance is more frequent among women with smoking habits and recurrent urinary infections. This could influence a worse response to preventive treatments, either with antibiotics or vaccines.
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Lee BW, Ha JH, Shin HG, Jeong SH, Kim JH, Lee J, Park JY, Kwon HJ, Jung K, Lee WS, Ryu YB, Jeong JH, Lee IC. Lindera obtusiloba Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of Ovalbumin-Challenged Asthma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070563. [PMID: 32605045 PMCID: PMC7402094 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba is widespread in northeast Asia and used for treatment of improvement of blood circulation and anti-inflammation. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of the methanolic extract of L. obtusiloba leaves (LOL) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged allergic asthma model and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cell. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA by intraperitoneal injection on days 0 and 14, and airway-challenged with OVA from days 21 to 23. Mice were administered 50 and 100 mg/kg of LOL by oral gavage 1 h before the challenge. LOL treatment effectively decreased airway hyper-responsiveness and inhibited inflammatory cell recruitment, Th2 cytokines, mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in OVA-challenged mice, which were accompanied by marked suppression of airway inflammation and mucus production in the lung tissue. LOL pretreatment inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) with suppression of activator protein (AP)-1 and MUC5AC in the lung tissue. LOL also down-regulated expression of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the activation of NF-κB in TNF-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. LOL elevated the translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf-2) into nucleus concurrent with increase of heme oxyngenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Moreover, LOL treatment exhibited a marked increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes activities, whereas effectively suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, as well as lipid peroxidation in lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice and TNF-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. These findings suggest that LOL might serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba-Wool Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Ha
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Han-Gyo Shin
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Seong-Hun Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Ju-Hong Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Jihye Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Woo-Song Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.J.); (I.-C.L.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2747 (J.-H.J.); +82-63-570-5241 (I.-C.L.); Fax: +82-62-232-9708 (J.-H.J.); +82-63-570-5239 (I.-C.L.)
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.J.); (I.-C.L.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2747 (J.-H.J.); +82-63-570-5241 (I.-C.L.); Fax: +82-62-232-9708 (J.-H.J.); +82-63-570-5239 (I.-C.L.)
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Kato K, Chang EH, Chen Y, Lu W, Kim MM, Niihori M, Hecker L, Kim KC. MUC1 contributes to goblet cell metaplasia and MUC5AC expression in response to cigarette smoke in vivo. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L82-L90. [PMID: 32401676 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00049.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell metaplasia (GCM) and mucin overproduction are a hallmark of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the airways, cigarette smoke (CS) induces activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leading to GCM and overexpression of the gel-forming mucin MUC5AC. Although previous studies have demonstrated that a membrane-bound mucin, MUC1, modulates the activation of CS-induced EGFR, the role of MUC1 in CS-induced GCM and mucin overproduction has not been explored. In response to CS exposure, wild-type (WT) rats displayed Muc1 translocation from the apical surface of airway epithelium to the intracellular compartment of hyperplastic intermediate cells, EGFR phosphorylation, GCM, and Muc5ac overproduction. Similarly, human CRS sinonasal tissues demonstrated hyperplasia of intermediate cells enriched with MUC1 in the intracellular compartment, which was accompanied by GCM and increased MUC5AC expression. To further evaluate the role of Muc1 in vivo, a Muc1 knockout (KO) rat (MUC in humans and Muc in animals) was developed. In contrast to WT littermates, Muc1-KO rats exhibited no activation of EGFR, and were protected from GCM and Muc5ac overproduction. Genetic knockdown of MUC1 in human lung or Muc1 knockout in primary rat airway epithelial cells led to significantly diminished EGF-induced MUC5AC production. Together, these findings suggest that MUC1-dependent EGFR activation mediates CS-induced GCM and mucin overproduction. Strategies designed to suppress MUC1-dependent EGFR activation may provide a novel therapeutic approach for treating mucin hypersecretion in CRS and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Eugene H Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wenju Lu
- Department of Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marianne M Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Maki Niihori
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Louise Hecker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kwang Chul Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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The DsbA-L gene is associated with respiratory function of the elderly via its adiponectin multimeric or antioxidant properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5973. [PMID: 32249844 PMCID: PMC7136289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in the age-related decline in the respiratory function. Adipokine in relation to the metabolic and inflammatory systems is attracting growing interest in the field of respiratory dysfunction. The present clinical and experimental studies investigated the role of the disulfide bond-forming oxidoreductase A-like protein (DsbA-L) gene, which has antioxidant and adiponectin multimeric (i.e. activation) properties, on the respiratory function of the elderly. We performed a retrospective longitudinal genotype-phenotype relationship analysis of 318 Japanese relatively elderly participants (mean age ± standard deviation: 67.0 ± 5.8 years) during a health screening program and an in vitro DsbA-L knock-down evaluation using 16HBE14o-cells, a commonly evaluated human airway epithelial cell line. The DsbA-L rs1917760 polymorphism was associated with a reduction in the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and %FEV1 and with the elevation of the prevalence of FEV1/FVC < 70%. We also confirmed that the polymorphism was associated with a decreased respiratory function in relation to a decrease in the ratio of high-molecular-weight adiponectin/total adiponectin (as a marker of adiponectin multimerization) and an increase in the oxidized human serum albumin (as an oxidative stress marker). Furthermore, we clarified that DsbA-L knock-down induced oxidative stress and up-regulated the mucus production in human airway epithelial cells. These findings suggest that the DsbA-L gene may play a role in protecting the respiratory function of the elderly, possibly via increased systemic adiponectin functions secreted from adipocytes or through systemic and/or local pulmonary antioxidant properties.
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Cheon YH, Kim MS, Kim JY, Kim DH, Han SY, Lee JH. Eupatilin downregulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced MUC5AC expression via inhibition of p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs signal pathway in human airway epithelial cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:157-163. [PMID: 32140039 PMCID: PMC7043994 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, are associated with excessive mucus production. Hence, the regulation of mucus production is important for the treatment of upper and lower airway diseases. Eupatilin is a pharmacologically active ingredient obtained from Artemisia asiatica Nakai (Asteraceae) and exerts potent anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. In the present study, we investigated the effect of eupatilin on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced MUC5AC and MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells. We found that eupatilin treatment significantly inhibited PMA-induced mucus secretion in PAS staining. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that eupatilin dose-dependently decreased the mRNA expression of MUC5AC in human airway epithelial cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay also showed that PMA-induced protein expression of MUC5AC was inhibited by eupatilin treatment. Finally, we investigated MAPKs activity after stimulation with PMA using western blot analysis in human airway epithelial cells. The results showed that eupatilin downregulated the levels of phosphorylated p38, ERK, and JNK. In summary, the anti-inflammatory activities of eupatilin, characterized as the suppression of MUC5AC expression and secretion in human airway epithelial cells, were found to be associated with the inhibition of p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs signaling pathway of MUC5AC secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Cheon
- Center for Core Research Facilities, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Min Seob Kim
- Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
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15
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Kim JH, Kim TH, Kim YS, Jang WC, Ryu A, Hwang JY, Lee HH. Mucin gene polymorphisms are associated with endometriosis in Korean women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 301:801-807. [PMID: 31858233 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucin family members mucin 1 (MUC1) and mucin 4 (MUC4) play an important role in transformation and adhesion, and are known markers for the detection of cancer. However, the pathophysiology of endometriosis associated with the mucin gene is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between MUC1 and MUC4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk for endometriosis. METHODS We performed a case-controlled study of 29 endometriosis clinical samples and 27 functional cysts as control. Sixteen SNPs (rs145224844, rs139620330, rs144273480, rs1611770, rs146141676, rs201798179, rs201815857, rs199840128, rs200788986, rs141460657, rs183700327, rs199768496, rs191544901, rs200639498, rs148332231, and rs11465209) of MUC1 gene and eight SNPs (rs1104760, rs1106502, rs882605, rs2291651, rs2291652, rs2291653, rs2291654, and rs375068067) of the MUC4 gene were identified. We amplified SNP sites by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer sets followed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS The single mutation analysis of MUC4 showed that MUC4 mutations had no effect on the risk for endometriosis, but the frequencies of haplotypes [T/T + T/T + C/C] (rs2291653, 2291654 and rs375068067) were associated with endometriosis. CONCLUSION The MUC1 genotype may not be correlated with endometriosis susceptibility. However, MUC4 polymorphisms are associated with the risk for endometriosis in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Kim
- Institue of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Suk Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Cheoul Jang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeli Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hwang
- Laboratory of Carbon and Biomedical Engineering, Korea Institute of Carbon Convergence, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Hyeog Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea.
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Birnhuber A, Biasin V, Schnoegl D, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. Transcription factor Fra-2 and its emerging role in matrix deposition, proliferation and inflammation in chronic lung diseases. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109408. [PMID: 31473307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2) belongs to the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors and is involved in a broad variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation or differentiation. Aberrant expression of Fra-2 or regulation can lead to severe growth defects or diverse pathologies. Elevated Fra-2 expression has been described in several chronic lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. However, the pathomechanisms behind the Fra-2-induced pulmonary remodelling are still not fully elucidated. Fra-2 overexpressing mice were initially described as a model of systemic sclerosis associated organ fibrosis, with predominant alterations in the lung. High levels of Fra-2 expression give rise to profound inflammation with severe remodelling of the parenchyma and the vasculature, resulting in fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension, respectively, but also alters bronchial function. In this review we discuss the central role of Fra-2 connecting inflammation, cellular proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition underlying chronic lung diseases and what we can learn for future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Birnhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - V Biasin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - D Schnoegl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - L M Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - G Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Samsuzzaman M, Uddin MS, Shah MA, Mathew B. Natural inhibitors on airway mucin: Molecular insight into the therapeutic potential targeting MUC5AC expression and production. Life Sci 2019; 231:116485. [PMID: 31116959 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Airway mucin overproduction is the hallmark risk factor of asthma, which is associated with the reduction of lung function. An aberrant mucin expression is responsible for airway obstruction due to its high viscous characteristics. Among the mucins discovered, MUC5AC is the prime mucin of airway epithelia. Nowadays, mucins induced asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a great concern all over the world. This review focuses on the effects of natural compounds that can be beneficial to explore new drugs to halt MUC5AC secretion and production in airway epithelial, and also their underlying molecular mechanisms based on recent studies. Several researchers are seeking natural sources to identify a new potent MUC5AC inhibitory agent for clinical applications, because of countable limitations of existing synthetic drugs. Currently, flavonoids, glycoside and steroids like natural compounds have acquired great attention due to their anti-inflammatory and mucoregulatory effects. Most importantly, many natural compounds have shown their potential effects as the modulator of mucin expression, secretion, and production. Therefore, targeting airway MUC5AC expression and production represents an auspicious area of research for the development of drugs against various respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Samsuzzaman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, South Korea; Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
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Mohammad AB, Mohammad SHK, Mohammad MK, Khan AS, Al-Hajjaj MS. Quantification of Trace Elements in Different Dokha and Shisha Tobacco Products using EDXRF. J Anal Toxicol 2019; 43:e7-e22. [PMID: 30462216 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to quantify trace metals in different dokha (medwakh) and shisha tobacco products available in local markets. Recent research has shown that these products have higher amounts of nicotine and tar compared to various other tobacco products. No specific data are available on the concentration of trace elements in dokha (medwakh) and shisha tobacco products in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Harmful health effects due to the toxicity of these elements in tobacco and its smoke have not been adequately emphasized. Concentrations of trace elements were extensively studied using HORIBA XGT-7200 EDXRF fluorescence absorption spectroscopy. The mean concentrations of aluminum, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, strontium and zinc in 13 dokha products in μg/g were 406.92 ± 41.72, 14703.27 ± 271.73, 11.73 ± 2.12, 25.58 ± 2.63, 753.85 ± 14.87, 5306.54 ± 134.94, 82.31 ± 4.55, 25.58 ± 2.50, 2212.12 ± 39.04, 816.92 ± 15.26 and 35.96 ± 2.63, respectively; and those in the three shisha products in μg/g were 244.83 ± 25.11, 8235.77 ± 144.51, 3.40 ± 0.38, 22.77 ± 4.50, 569.13 ± 10.22, 2096.20 ± 130.69, 72.13 ± 7.13, 27.67 ± 5.31, 4467.50 ± 168.06, 320.20 ± 6.03 and 36.40 ± 3.57, respectively. In our study, the quantified trace metal concentrations in dokha and shisha tobacco using the EDXRF method were ten times higher than the LODs. The percentage of RSD was <10%, validating the precision of the method. Tobacco smoking is a major source of consumption of toxic elements, not only in the smoker but also in non-smokers through passive smoking. In dokha (medwakh) and shisha tobacco products, compared with cigarettes, Ni levels were significantly higher, Cr, Cu and Zn levels were higher, and Fe levels were similar, while Al and Mn levels were lower. The dokha and shisha tobacco products have no filters; many toxic metals can quickly enter the lungs and cause different pulmonary diseases and oral infections. Tobacco smoking causes lung and oral cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdus Sayeed Khan
- Department of Physics, University Laboratories, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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19
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Laube BL, Carson KA, Sharpless G, Paulin LM, Hansel NN. Mucociliary Clearance in Former Tobacco Smokers with Both Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Bronchitis and the Effect of Roflumilast. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2019; 32:189-199. [PMID: 30964381 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2018.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known of the repeatability and reliability of mucociliary clearance (MCC) in former tobacco smokers who have both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis (CB). Less is known of the effect of roflumilast, a selective inhibitor of PDE4, on MCC in these patients. Methods: Former tobacco smokers with COPD and CB were treated for 4 weeks with either roflumilast, or placebo, in a randomized, crossover trial. The following were measured on two baseline and two posttreatment visits: MCC values through 90 minutes, following inhalation of 99mtechnetium sulfur colloid and gamma camera imaging; outer:inner (O:I) deposition ratio; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1); and symptom scores. Comparisons included: MCC measures through 30 minutes (MCC30), 60 minutes (MCC60), and 90 minutes (MCC90) on the two baseline visits (n = 9) and mean change [(roflumilast - baseline)-(placebo - baseline)] for MCC30, MCC60, MCC90, and FEV1 (n = 8). Associations between MCC measurements, FEV1 and O:I ratio with symptom scores were also examined. Results: Pearson correlation tests indicated good repeatability for baseline measures of MCC30, MCC60, and MCC90 and intraclass correlation coefficients indicated good reliability. Only FEV1 (percent predicted) improved significantly following roflumilast treatment. There were no statistically significant correlations between MCC measures and symptom scores. Lower FEV1 values were significantly associated with increased shortness of breath (dyspnea), and lower O:I ratios (more inner region deposition) were significantly associated with increased cough and sputum. Conclusions: Measurements of MCC30, MCC60, and MCC90 are repeatable and reliable in former tobacco smokers with both COPD and CB. One month of treatment with roflumilast did not improve MCC in this limited study. Airway narrowing in the larger, central airways of these subjects could lead to decreased FEV1, increased inner region deposition of the radiolabeled particles, and the associated increase in symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Laube
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathryn A Carson
- 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gail Sharpless
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura M Paulin
- 3Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Koga Y, Tsurumaki H, Aoki-Saito H, Sato M, Yatomi M, Takehara K, Hisada T. Roles of Cyclic AMP Response Element Binding Activation in the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK Signalling Pathway in Central Nervous System, Cardiovascular System, Osteoclast Differentiation and Mucin and Cytokine Production. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061346. [PMID: 30884895 PMCID: PMC6470985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many downstream targets of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling that are involved in neuronal development, cellular differentiation, cell migration, cancer, cardiovascular dysfunction and inflammation via their functions in promoting apoptosis and cell motility and regulating various cytokines. It has been reported that cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is phosphorylated and activated by cyclic AMP signalling and calcium/calmodulin kinase. Recent evidence also points to CREB phosphorylation by the MAPK signalling pathway. However, the specific roles of CREB phosphorylation in MAPK signalling have not yet been reviewed in detail. Here, we describe the recent advances in the study of this MAPK-CREB signalling axis in human diseases. Overall, the crosstalk between extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK signalling has been shown to regulate various physiological functions, including central nervous system, cardiac fibrosis, alcoholic cardiac fibrosis, osteoclast differentiation, mucin production in the airway, vascular smooth muscle cell migration, steroidogenesis and asthmatic inflammation. In this review, we focus on ERK1/2 and/or p38 MAPK-dependent CREB activation associated with various diseases to provide insights for basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Koga
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Tsurumaki
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Haruka Aoki-Saito
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Makiko Sato
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Masakiyo Yatomi
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Kazutaka Takehara
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan.
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Krishn SR, Ganguly K, Kaur S, Batra SK. Ramifications of secreted mucin MUC5AC in malignant journey: a holistic view. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:633-651. [PMID: 29415129 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavily glycosylated secreted mucin MUC5AC, by the virtue of its cysteine-rich repeats, can form inter- and intramolecular disulfide linkages resulting in complex polymers, which in turn craft the framework of the polymeric mucus gel on epithelial cell surfaces. MUC5AC is a molecule with versatile functional implications including barrier functions to epithelial cells, host-pathogen interaction, immune cell attraction to sites of premalignant or malignant lesions and tumor progression in a context-dependent manner. Differential expression, glycosylation and localization of MUC5AC have been associated with a plethora of benign and malignant pathologies. In this era of robust technologies, overexpression strategies and genetically engineered mouse models, MUC5AC is emerging as a potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target for various malignancies. Considering the clinical relevance of MUC5AC, this review holistically encompasses its genomic organization, domain structure, glycosylation patterns, regulation, functional and molecular connotation from benign to malignant pathologies. Furthermore, we have here explored the incipient and significant experimental tools that are being developed to study this structurally complex and evolutionary conserved gel-forming mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Ram Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Hussain SS, George S, Singh S, Jayant R, Hu CA, Sopori M, Chand HS. A Small Molecule BH3-mimetic Suppresses Cigarette Smoke-Induced Mucous Expression in Airway Epithelial Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13796. [PMID: 30218002 PMCID: PMC6138652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32114-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is one of the primary risk factors associated with the chronic mucous hypersecretion (CMH). The antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2 sustains hyperplastic mucous cells, and the airway epithelium of ex-smokers with CMH as well as mice exposed to chronic CS showed increased Bcl-2 expression. Therefore, we investigated whether Bcl-2 plays a role in CS-induced mucous expression. Primary airway epithelial cells (AECs) of murine and human origin were treated with CS extract (CSE), and there was a concentration- and time-dependent increase in secretory mucin (MUC5AC), mucous regulator (SPDEF) and Bcl-2 expression. Using differentiated human AECs cultured on air-liquid interface, EGFR and ERK1/2 pathways were interrogated. Bcl-2 activity was blocked using a small molecule BH3 mimetic ABT-263 that disrupts the Bcl-2 interaction with pro-apoptotic proteins. The ABT-263 treatment resulted in the downregulation of CSE-induced mucus expression and disrupted the EGFR-signaling while inducing the apoptosis and the pro-apoptotic protein, Bik expression. This strategy significantly suppressed the mainstream CS-induced mucous phenotype in a 3-D human airway epithelium model. Therefore, the present study suggests that CS induces Bcl-2 expression to help promote mucous cell survival; and small molecule BH3 mimetics targeting Bcl-2 could be useful in suppressing the CS-induced mucous response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah S Hussain
- Department of Immunology & Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL - 33199, USA
| | - Shebin George
- Department of Immunology & Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL - 33199, USA
| | - Shashi Singh
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM - 87108, USA
| | - Rahul Jayant
- Department of Immunology & Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL - 33199, USA
| | - Chien-An Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM - 87131, USA
| | - Mohan Sopori
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM - 87108, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology & Nano-Medicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL - 33199, USA.
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De Rose V, Molloy K, Gohy S, Pilette C, Greene CM. Airway Epithelium Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis and COPD. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:1309746. [PMID: 29849481 PMCID: PMC5911336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1309746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly caused by environmental factors (mostly cigarette smoking) on a genetically susceptible background. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases are different, both are associated with progressive airflow obstruction, airway neutrophilic inflammation, and recurrent exacerbations, suggesting common mechanisms. The airway epithelium plays a crucial role in maintaining normal airway functions. Major molecular and morphologic changes occur in the airway epithelium in both CF and COPD, and growing evidence suggests that airway epithelial dysfunction is involved in disease initiation and progression in both diseases. Structural and functional abnormalities in both airway and alveolar epithelium have a relevant impact on alteration of host defences, immune/inflammatory response, and the repair process leading to progressive lung damage and impaired lung function. In this review, we address the evidence for a critical role of dysfunctional airway epithelial cells in chronic airway inflammation and remodelling in CF and COPD, highlighting the common mechanisms involved in the epithelial dysfunction as well as the similarities and differences of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia De Rose
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, A.O.U. S. Luigi Gonzaga, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Kevin Molloy
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Gohy
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine M. Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
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Wang Y, Zhou JS, Xu XC, Li ZY, Chen HP, Ying SM, Li W, Shen HH, Chen ZH. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 mediates cigarette smoke-induced necroptosis and injury in bronchial epithelium. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:571-581. [PMID: 29445274 PMCID: PMC5810534 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s150633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bronchial epithelial cell death and airway inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS) have been involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. GRP78, belonging to heat shock protein 70 family, has been implicated in cell death and inflammation, while little is known about its roles in COPD. Here, we demonstrate that GRP78 regulates CS-induced necroptosis and injury in bronchial epithelial cells. Materials and methods GRP78 and necroptosis markers were examined in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line, primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells, and mouse lungs. siRNA targeting GRP78 gene and necroptosis inhibitor were used. Expression of inflammatory cytokines, mucin MUC5AC, and related signaling pathways were detected. Results Exposure to CS significantly increased the expression of GRP78 and necroptosis markers in HBE cell line, primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells, and mouse lungs. Inhibition of GRP78 significantly suppressed CS extract (CSE)-induced necroptosis. Furthermore, GRP78–necroptosis cooperatively regulated CSE-induced inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL6), IL8, and mucin MUC5AC in HBE cells, likely through the activation of nuclear factor (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) pathways, respectively. Conclusion Taken together, our results demonstrate that GRP78 promotes CSE-induced inflammatory response and mucus hyperproduction in airway epithelial cells, likely through upregulation of necroptosis and subsequent activation of NF-κB and AP-1 pathways. Thus, inhibition of GRP78 and/or inhibition of necroptosis could be the effective therapeutic approaches for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Jie-Sen Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Xu-Chen Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Zhou-Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Hai-Pin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Song-Min Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
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25
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Wang SB, Zhang C, Xu XC, Xu F, Zhou JS, Wu YP, Cao C, Li W, Shen HH, Cao JF, Chen ZH. Early growth response factor 1 is essential for cigarette smoke-induced MUC5AC expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:147-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Xu Q, Chen LX, Ran DH, Xie WY, Li Q, Zhou XD. Bombesin receptor-activated protein regulates neutrophil elastase-induced mucin5AC hypersecretion in human bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:145-154. [PMID: 28476309 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bombesin receptor-activated protein (BRAP) is highly expressed in human bronchial epithelial cells. Recent studies have shown that BRAP reduces oxidative stress, inhibits airway inflammation and suppresses nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activity. Mucus overproduction is an important feature in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a potent inducer of mucin5AC (MUC5AC), which is considered the predominant mucin secreted by human airway epithelial cells. Here, we hypothesize that BRAP may regulate NE-induced MUC5AC hypersecretion in a bronchial epithelial cell line (HBE16). We also investigated the underlying mechanism involved in the process. In this study, we found that BRAP was present in HBE16 human bronchial epithelial cells and was significantly increased by NE. Next, we found that the up-regulation of BRAP by pEGFP-N1-BRAP caused a significant decrease in the increased levels of MUC5AC expression, NF-κB activity, and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induced by NE. Meanwhile, there was a significant decrease in ROS, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels when BRAP was up-regulated by pEGFP-N1-BRAP. Moreover, when cells were transfected with pEGFP-N1-BRAP and pretreated with NF-κB, ERK or EGFR inhibitors before the NE stimulation, there were further decreased in MUC5AC expression, NF-κB activity, and the phosphorylation of ERK and EGFR. These results suggest that BRAP plays an important role in airway inflammation and its overexpression may regulate NE-induced MUC5AC hypersecretion in HBE16 cells via the EGFR/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Ling-Xiu Chen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Dan-Hua Ran
- Department of Respiratory and Geriatrics Medicine, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, No. 2, Huangjiaowan Road, Xiaolongkan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Wen-Yue Xie
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, No. 31, Longhua Road, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, No. 31, Longhua Road, Haikou 570102, Hainan, China.
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Protective effect of polyacetylene from Dendropanax morbifera Leveille leaves on pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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28
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Bustamante-Marin XM, Ostrowski LE. Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028241. [PMID: 27864314 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the primary innate defense mechanism of the lung. The functional components are the protective mucous layer, the airway surface liquid layer, and the cilia on the surface of ciliated cells. The cilia are specialized organelles that beat in metachronal waves to propel pathogens and inhaled particles trapped in the mucous layer out of the airways. In health this clearance mechanism is effective, but in patients with primary cilia dyskinesia (PCD) the cilia are abnormal, resulting in deficient MCC and chronic lung disease. This demonstrates the critical importance of the cilia for human health. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the components of the MCC apparatus, focusing on the role of cilia in MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena M Bustamante-Marin
- Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Diseases Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Diseases Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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Recuperating Lung Decoction Attenuates the Oxidative Stress State of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Inhibiting the MAPK/AP-1 Signal Pathway and Regulating γ-GCS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9264914. [PMID: 28408945 PMCID: PMC5376952 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9264914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Objective. To evaluate the effects of Recuperating Lung Decoction (RLD) on the indices of oxidative stress in a rat model of COPD and detect the indices of the MAPK/AP-1/γ-GCS signal pathway for a further survey of the possible targeting site of RLD. Methods/Materials. The rats of COPD were treated with RLD. The protein levels of glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were measured. In addition, the levels of key signaling molecules (extracellular signal-regulated kinases [ERK], the c-jun N-terminal kinase [JNKs signal pathway], and p38 MAP kinase [p38MAPK], AP-1 proteins [C-fos, C-jun], and γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase [γ-GCS-h]) of the MAPK/AP-1/γ-GCS-h signal pathway were assessed. Results. After treatment, the protein level of GSH and the ratio of GSH/GSSG were increased and the amounts of 8-OHdG and 4-HNE were decreased significantly in lung tissues when compared with the nontreated COPD group. Further results showed that the RLD could effectively inhibit the MAPK pathway by inactivation of p38MAPK and ERK and could also downregulate the AP-1 and the γ-GCS-h genes expressions in both protein and mRNA levels. Conclusion. RLD might improve the state of oxidative stress by downregulation of the expression of γ-GCS-h gene by inhibition of the MAPK/AP-1 pathway, thereafter enhancing the ability of antioxidation in COPD.
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30
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Luettich K, Talikka M, Lowe FJ, Haswell LE, Park J, Gaca MD, Hoeng J. The Adverse Outcome Pathway for Oxidative Stress-Mediated EGFR Activation Leading to Decreased Lung Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Frazer J. Lowe
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Linsey E. Haswell
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marianna D. Gaca
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Abstract
The aim of future research in this area is to provide the mechanistic understanding and the tools for effective prevention, early diagnosis, and therapy of lung cancer. With the established causal link between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing lung cancer, the most effective prevention is certainly not to smoke. A much better mechanistic understanding of lung cancer and its variability will support the development and evaluation of potentially reduced risk products for those who maintain smoking as well as for the development of early diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Because of the complexity of lung cancer and the long duration for its development, nonclinical and clinical research efforts need to complement each other. Recent promising advances in this research area are the understanding of the interaction between genotoxic and epigenetic effects of smoking, the development of laboratory animal models for lung tumorigenesis by smoke inhalation, the unraveling of molecular pathways and signatures in clinical lung cancer research useful for developing diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, and the first successful therapy for lung cancer—although less suitable for smokers. The above—in combination with emerging data sets from explorative non-clinical and clinical studies as well as improved modeling approaches—are setting the stage for accelerated progress towards developing successful early diagnostic tools and therapies as well as for the assessment of new consumer products with potentially reduced risk.
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Wu YP, Wu YF, Zhang C, Zhou HB, Cao C, Li M, Zhu C, Ying SM, Chen ZH, Shen HH, Li W. Activating Transcription Factor 3 Is Essential for Cigarette Smoke-Induced Mucin Expression via Interaction with Activator Protein-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 187:280-291. [PMID: 27912076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is an important pathologic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is an adaptive-response gene that participates in various cellular processes. However, little is known about its role in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mucus hyperproduction. This study aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of ATF3 in CS-induced Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression. ATF3 was elevated in lung tissues of mice exposed to CS for 12 weeks. Treatment with CS extract significantly induced ATF3 expression and MUC5AC production in human bronchial epithelial cells, NCI-H292, and mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Interference of ATF3 significantly attenuated CS-induced MUC5AC expression in NCI-H292 and human bronchial epithelial cells. Mouse tracheal epithelial cells isolated from Atf3-/- mice also exhibited less MUC5AC production in response to CS extract treatment. In vivo, the Atf3-/- mice also displayed a significantly reduced mucus production relative to wild-type controls in response to chronic CS exposure. Furthermore, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed increased ATF3 binding to the MUC5AC promoter after CS treatment, and this transcriptional binding was significantly inhibited by knockdown of JUN, a subunit of activator protein-1. These results demonstrate that ATF3 may be involved in activator protein-1 signaling and transcriptional promotion of CS-induced MUC5AC expression in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song-Min Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhou JS, Zhao Y, Zhou HB, Wang Y, Wu YF, Li ZY, Xuan NX, Zhang C, Hua W, Ying SM, Li W, Shen HH, Chen ZH. Autophagy plays an essential role in cigarette smoke-induced expression of MUC5AC in airway epithelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1042-52. [PMID: 27036871 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00418.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is a common pathological feature of chronic airway inflammatory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the molecular basis for this condition remains incompletely understood. We have previously demonstrated a critical role of autophagy in COPD pathogenesis through mediating apoptosis of lung epithelial cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of autophagy as well as its upstream and downstream signals in cigarette smoke-induced mucus production in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and in mouse airways. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE), as well as the classical autophagy inducers starvation or Torin-1, significantly triggered MUC5AC expression, and inhibition of autophagy markedly attenuated CSE-induced mucus production. The CSE-induced autophagy was mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS), which regulated mucin expression through the JNK and activator protein-1 pathway. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was also required for CSE-induced MUC5AC in HBE cells, but it exerted inconsiderable effects on the autophagy-JNK signaling cascade. Airways of mice with dysfunctional autophagy-related genes displayed a markedly reduced number of goblet cells and attenuated levels of Muc5ac in response to cigarette smoke exposure. These results altogether suggest that mitoROS-dependent autophagy is essential for cigarette smoke-induced mucus hyperproduction in airway epithelial cells, and reemphasize autophagy inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Sen Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Hong-Bin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Zhou-Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Nan-Xia Xuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Wen Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Song-Min Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and
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Rivera-Ingraham GA, Rocchetta I, Bickmeyer U, Meyer S, Abele D. Spatial compartmentalization of free radical formation and mitochondrial heterogeneity in bivalve gills revealed by live-imaging techniques. Front Zool 2016; 13:4. [PMID: 26843888 PMCID: PMC4739427 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species are produced during normal unstressed metabolic activity in aerobic tissues. Most analytical work uses tissue homogenates, and lacks spatial information on the tissue specific sites of actual ROS formation. Live-imaging techniques (LIT) utilize target-specific fluorescent dyes to visualize biochemical processes at cellular level. RESULTS Together with oxidative stress measurements, here we report application of LIT to bivalve gills for ex-vivo analysis of gill physiology and mapping of ROS and RNS formation in the living tissue. Our results indicate that a) mitochondria located in the basal parts of the epithelial cells close to the blood vessels are hyperpolarized with high Δψm, whereas b) the peripheral mitochondria close to the cilia have low (depolarized) Δψm. These mitochondria are densely packed (mitotracker Deep Red 633 staining), have acidic pH (Ageladine-A) and collocate with high formation of nitric oxide (DAF-2DA staining). NO formation is also observed in the endothelial cells surrounding the filament blood sinus. ROS (namely H2O2, HOO(•) and ONOO(-) radicals, assessed through C-H2DFFDA staining) are mainly formed within the blood sinus of the filaments and are likely to be produced by hemocytes as defense against invading pathogens. On the ventral bend of the gills, subepithelial mucus glands contain large mucous vacuoles showing higher fluorescence intensities for O2 (•-) than the rest of the tissue. Whether this O2 (•-) production is instrumental to mucus formation or serves antimicrobial protection of the gill surface is unknown. Cells of the ventral bends contain the superoxide forming mucocytes and show significantly higher protein carbonyl formation than the rest of the gill tissue. CONCLUSIONS In summary, ROS and RNS formation is highly compartmentalized in bivalve gills under unstressed conditions. The main mechanisms are the differentiation of mitochondria membrane potential and basal ROS formation in inner and outer filament layers, as well as potentially antimicrobial ROS formation in the central blood vessel. Our results provide new insight into this subject and highlight the fact that studying ROS formation in tissue homogenates may not be adequate to understand the underlying mechanism in complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- Present address: UMR 9190 MARBEC, Groupe fonctionnel AEO, Bat. 24. CC092, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Iara Rocchetta
- Present address: Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET-COMAHUE), CEAN, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Ulf Bickmeyer
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Department of Biosciences, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meyer
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Department of Biosciences, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Doris Abele
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Department of Biosciences, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Yang J, Yu HM, Zhou XD, Huang HP, Han Z, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM. Cigarette smoke induces mucin hypersecretion and inflammatory response through the p66shc adaptor protein-mediated mechanism in human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 69:86-98. [PMID: 26608927 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The p66Shc adaptor protein is a newly recognized mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction and might play a role in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced airway epithelial cell injury. CS can induce an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which can cause mitochondrial depolarization and injury through the oxidative stress-mediated Serine36 phosphorylation of p66Shc. The excessive production of ROS can trigger an inflammatory response and mucin hypersecretion by enhancing the transcriptional activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mucin genes. Therefore, we speculate that p66Shc plays an essential role in airway epithelial cell injury and the process of mucin generation in CS-induced chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Our present study focuses on the role of p66Shc in ROS generation, and on the resulting mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response and mucus hypersecretion in CS-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE). We found that CS disturbed the mitochondrial function by increasing the level of phosphorylated p66Shc in these cells and that the effects were significantly reduced by silencing p66Shc. Conversely, the ectopic overexpression of wild-type p66Shc enhanced these effects. We also found that high levels of ROS inhibited FOXO3a transcriptional activity, which led to NF-κB activation. Subsequently, activated NF-κB promoted pro-inflammatory cytokine production and mucin hypersecretion. Thus, manipulating p66Shc might offer a new therapeutic modality with which to treat chronic inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H M Yu
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X D Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - H P Huang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zh Han
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - V P Kolosov
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - J M Perelman
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
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Kanai K, Koarai A, Shishikura Y, Sugiura H, Ichikawa T, Kikuchi T, Akamatsu K, Hirano T, Nakanishi M, Matsunaga K, Minakata Y, Ichinose M. Cigarette smoke augments MUC5AC production via the TLR3-EGFR pathway in airway epithelial cells. Respir Investig 2015; 53:137-48. [PMID: 26100173 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections are a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) reacts with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and participates in the immune response after viral infection. In the present study, we examined whether cigarette smoke, which is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD, enhances mucin production via the TLR3-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway in airway epithelial cells. METHODS We studied the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on signal transduction and the production of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in NCI-H292 cells and differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with a synthetic dsRNA analogue, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], used as a TLR3 ligand. RESULTS CSE significantly potentiated the production of MUC5AC in epithelial cells stimulated with poly(I:C). Antibodies to EGFR or EGFR ligands inhibited CSE-augmented MUC5AC release in poly(I:C)-treated cells. Treatment with poly(I:C) or CSE alone increased the phosphorylation of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). However, after poly(I:C) stimulation, CSE did not enhance EGFR phosphorylation, but did augment ERK phosphorylation. EGFR inhibitors and an ERK inhibitor inhibited the augmented release of MUC5AC. In addition, treatment with N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, inhibited the CSE-augmented phosphorylation of ERK and MUC5AC. CONCLUSIONS These data show that cigarette smoke increases TLR3-stimulated MUC5AC production in airway epithelial cells, mainly via ERK signaling. The effect might be mediated in part by oxidative stress. Modulation of this pathway might be a therapeutic target for viral-induced mucin overproduction in COPD exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuninobu Kanai
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Akira Koarai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Shishikura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Akamatsu
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Masanori Nakanishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Minakata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
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Mathis C, Gebel S, Poussin C, Belcastro V, Sewer A, Weisensee D, Hengstermann A, Ansari S, Wagner S, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A systems biology approach reveals the dose- and time-dependent effect of primary human airway epithelium tissue culture after exposure to cigarette smoke in vitro. Bioinform Biol Insights 2015; 9:19-35. [PMID: 25788831 PMCID: PMC4357630 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s19908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish a relevant in vitro model for systems toxicology-based mechanistic assessment of environmental stressors such as cigarette smoke (CS), we exposed human organotypic bronchial epithelial tissue cultures at the air liquid interface (ALI) to various CS doses. Previously, we compared in vitro gene expression changes with published human airway epithelia in vivo data to assess their similarities. Here, we present a follow-up evaluation of these in vitro transcriptomics data, using complementary computational approaches and an integrated mRNA-microRNA (miRNA) analysis. The main cellular pathways perturbed by CS exposure were related to stress responses (oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism), inflammation (inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and the interferon gamma-dependent pathway), and proliferation/differentiation. Within post-exposure periods up to 48 hours, a transient kinetic response was observed at lower CS doses, whereas higher doses resulted in more sustained responses. In conclusion, this systems toxicology approach has potential for product testing according to "21st Century Toxicology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Mathis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Gebel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carine Poussin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Belcastro
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Weisensee
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnd Hengstermann
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Research Laboratories GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sam Ansari
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Wagner
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the world. The disease encompasses emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and small airway obstruction and can be caused by environmental exposures, primarily cigarette smoking. Since only a small subset of smokers develop COPD, it is believed that host factors interact with the environment to increase the propensity to develop disease. The major pathogenic factors causing disease include infection and inflammation, protease and antiprotease imbalance, and oxidative stress overwhelming antioxidant defenses. In this review, we will discuss the major environmental and host sources for oxidative stress; discuss how oxidative stress regulates chronic bronchitis; review the latest information on genetic predisposition to COPD, specifically focusing on oxidant/antioxidant imbalance; and review future antioxidant therapeutic options for COPD. The complexity of COPD will necessitate a multi-target therapeutic approach. It is likely that antioxidant supplementation and dietary antioxidants will have a place in these future combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard M Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Judith A Voynow
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrew J Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Talikka M, Kostadinova R, Xiang Y, Mathis C, Sewer A, Majeed S, Kuehn D, Frentzel S, Merg C, Geertz M, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. The response of human nasal and bronchial organotypic tissue cultures to repeated whole cigarette smoke exposure. Int J Toxicol 2014; 33:506-17. [PMID: 25297719 DOI: 10.1177/1091581814551647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is linked to the development of respiratory diseases, and there is a need to understand the mechanisms whereby CS causes damage. Although animal models have provided valuable insights into smoking-related respiratory tract damage, modern toxicity testing calls for reliable in vitro models as alternatives for animal experimentation. We report on a repeated whole mainstream CS exposure of nasal and bronchial organotypic tissue cultures that mimic the morphological, physiological, and molecular attributes of the human respiratory tract. Despite the similar cellular staining and cytokine secretion in both tissue types, the transcriptomic analyses in the context of biological network models identified similar and diverse biological processes that were impacted by CS-exposed nasal and bronchial cultures. Our results demonstrate that nasal and bronchial tissue cultures are appropriate in vitro models for the assessment of CS-induced adverse effects in the respiratory system and promising alternative to animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Radina Kostadinova
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carole Mathis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Kuehn
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Geertz
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Rubin BK, Priftis KN, Schmidt HJ, Henke MO. Secretory hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary mucus hypersecretion. Chest 2014; 146:496-507. [PMID: 25091755 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The term bronchial hyperresponsiveness is generally used to describe a heightened airway smooth muscle bronchoconstrictor response measured by bronchoprovocation testing. However, the airway also responds to inflammation or bronchoprovocation with increased mucus secretion. We use the term "secretory hyperresponsiveness" to mean increased mucus secretion either intrinsically or in response to bronchoprovocation. This is not the same as retained phlegm or sputum. Unlike smooth muscle contraction, which is rapidly reversible using a bronchodilator, mucus hypersecretion produces airflow limitation that reverses more slowly and depends upon secretion clearance from the airway. Certain groups of patients appear to have greater mucus secretory response, including those with middle lobe syndrome, cough-dominant ("cough-variant") asthma, and severe asthma. Secretory hyperresponsiveness also is a component of forms of lung cancer associated with bronchorrhea. An extreme form of secretory hyperresponsiveness may lead to plastic bronchitis, a disease characterized by rigid branching mucus casts that obstruct the airway. Secretory hyperresponsiveness and mucus hypersecretion appear to be related to activation of the extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2, signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor, or secretory phospholipases A2. Recognizing secretory hyperresponsiveness as a distinct clinical entity may lead to more effective and targeted therapy for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
| | - Kostas N Priftis
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Third Department of Paediatrics, University of Athens School of Medicine, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - H Joel Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Markus O Henke
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Golebski K, Luiten S, van Egmond D, de Groot E, Röschmann KIL, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM. High degree of overlap between responses to a virus and to the house dust mite allergen in airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87768. [PMID: 24498371 PMCID: PMC3912021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelium is widely considered to play an active role in immune responses through its ability to detect changes in the environment and to generate a microenvironment for immune competent cells. Therefore, besides its role as a physical barrier, epithelium affects the outcome of the immune response by the production of various pro-inflammatory mediators. METHODS We stimulated airway epithelial cells with viral double stranded RNA analogue poly(I:C) or with house dust mite in a time course of 24 hours. In order to determine cytokines production by stimulated cells, we performed multiplex enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). RESULTS We demonstrate that the temporal pattern of the genes that respond to virus exposure in airway epithelium resembles to a significant degree their pattern of response to HDM. The gene expression pattern of EGR1, DUSP1, FOSL1, JUN, MYC, and IL6 is rather similar after viral (poly(I:C)) and HDM exposure. However, both triggers also induce a specific response (e.g. ATF3, FOS, and NFKB1). We confirmed these data by showing that epithelial cells produce a variety of similar mediators in response to both poly(I:C) and HDM challenge (IL1-RA, IL-17, IFN-α and MIP1-α), sometimes with a quantitative difference in response (IL2-R, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MIG, and HGF). Interestingly, only four mediators (IL-12, IP-10, RANTES and VEGF) where up-regulated specifically by poly(I:C) and not by HDM. Additionally, we report that pre-exposure to HDM deregulates production of cytokines and mediators in response to poly(I:C). CONCLUSIONS Epithelial cells responses to the HDM-allergen and a virus strongly resemble both in gene expression and in protein level explaining why these two responses may affect each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korneliusz Golebski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Silvia Luiten
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle van Egmond
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther de Groot
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wytske Johanna Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Maria van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Ibuki Y, Toyooka T, Zhao X, Yoshida I. Cigarette sidestream smoke induces histone H3 phosphorylation via JNK and PI3K/Akt pathways, leading to the expression of proto-oncogenes. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1228-37. [PMID: 24398671 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications in histones have been associated with cancer. Although cigarette sidestream smoke (CSS) as well as mainstream smoke are carcinogens, the relationship between carcinogenicity and histone modifications has not yet been clarified. Here, we demonstrated that CSS induced phosphorylation of histones, involving a carcinogenic process. Treatment with CSS markedly induced the phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 and 28 residues (H3S10 and H3S28), which was independent from the cell cycle, in the human pulmonary epithelial cell model, A549 and normal human lung fibroblasts, MRC-5 and WI-38. Using specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA, the phosphorylation of H3S10 was found to be mediated by c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways. These pathways were different from that of the CSS-induced phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) mediated by Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM-Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinases. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the phosphorylation of H3S10 was increased in the promoter sites of the proto-oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun, which indicated that CSS plays a role in tumor promotion. Because the phosphorylation of H3S10 was decreased in the aldehyde-removed CSS and was significantly induced by treatment with formaldehyde, aldehydes are suspected to partially contribute to this phosphorylation. These findings suggested that any chemicals in CSS, including aldehydes, phosphorylate H3S10 via JNK and PI3K/Akt pathways, which is different from the DNA damage response, resulting in tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ibuki
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toyooka
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ikuma Yoshida
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Susceptibility to viral infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of epithelial cells. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2013; 19:125-32. [PMID: 23361194 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e32835cef10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim is to understand how airway epithelial cells with compromised innate defense mechanisms enhance susceptibility to respiratory virus infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). RECENT FINDINGS Exacerbations associated with respiratory viruses are more severe and increase disease severity in COPD. Airway epithelial cells cultured from COPD patients show excessive innate immune response to viral infection and higher viral load compared with normal cells. SUMMARY Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense in the lung and are equipped with several lines of innate defense mechanisms to fight against invading pathogens including viruses. Under normal conditions, mucociliary and barrier functions of airway epithelial cells prevent virus binding and entry into the cells. Virus-infected airway epithelial cells also express various cytokines, which recruit and activate innate and adaptive immune cells ultimately controlling the infection and tissue damage. In COPD however, compromised mucociliary and barrier functions may increase virus binding and allow virus entry into airway epithelial cells. Virus-infected COPD airway epithelial cells also show disproportionate cytokine expression leading to inappropriate recruitment and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. COPD airway epithelial cells also show defective antiviral responses. Such defects in innate defense mechanisms may increase susceptibility to viral infections and disease severity in COPD.
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Westra JW, Schlage WK, Hengstermann A, Gebel S, Mathis C, Thomson T, Wong B, Hoang V, Veljkovic E, Peck M, Lichtner RB, Weisensee D, Talikka M, Deehan R, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC. A modular cell-type focused inflammatory process network model for non-diseased pulmonary tissue. Bioinform Biol Insights 2013; 7:167-92. [PMID: 23843693 PMCID: PMC3700945 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental stressors such as cigarette smoke (CS) elicits a variety of biological responses in humans, including the induction of inflammatory responses. These responses are especially pronounced in the lung, where pulmonary cells sit at the interface between the body’s internal and external environments. We combined a literature survey with a computational analysis of multiple transcriptomic data sets to construct a computable causal network model (the Inflammatory Process Network (IPN)) of the main pulmonary inflammatory processes. The IPN model predicted decreased epithelial cell barrier defenses and increased mucus hypersecretion in human bronchial epithelial cells, and an attenuated pro-inflammatory (M1) profile in alveolar macrophages following exposure to CS, consistent with prior results. The IPN provides a comprehensive framework of experimentally supported pathways related to CS-induced pulmonary inflammation. The IPN is freely available to the scientific community as a resource with broad applicability to study the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease.
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Ganesan S, Comstock AT, Sajjan US. Barrier function of airway tract epithelium. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e24997. [PMID: 24665407 PMCID: PMC3783221 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium contributes significantly to the barrier function of airway tract. Mucociliary escalator, intercellular apical junctional complexes which regulate paracellular permeability and antimicrobial peptides secreted by the airway epithelial cells are the three primary components of barrier function of airway tract. These three components act cooperatively to clear inhaled pathogens, allergens and particulate matter without inducing inflammation and maintain tissue homeostasis. Therefore impairment of one or more of these essential components of barrier function may increase susceptibility to infection and promote exaggerated and prolonged innate immune responses to environmental factors including allergens and pathogens resulting in chronic inflammation. Here we review the regulation of components of barrier function with respect to chronic airways diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Ganesan
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Adam T Comstock
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Uma S Sajjan
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Multimolecular salivary mucin complex is altered in saliva of cigarette smokers: detection of disulfide bridges by Raman spectroscopy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:168765. [PMID: 23509686 PMCID: PMC3591210 DOI: 10.1155/2013/168765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Saliva contains mucins, which protect epithelial cells. We showed a smaller amount of salivary mucin, both MG1 and MG2, in the premenopausal female smokers than in their nonsmoking counterparts. Smokers' MG1, which contains almost 2% cysteine/half cystine in its amino acid residues, turned out to be chemically altered in the nonsmoker's saliva. The smaller acidic glycoprotein bands were detectable only in smoker's saliva in the range of 20–25 kDa and at 45 kDa, suggesting that degradation, at least in part, caused the reduction of MG1 mucin. This is in agreement with the previous finding that free radicals in cigarette smoke modify mucins in both sugar and protein moieties. Moreover, proteins such as amylase and albumin are bound to other proteins through disulfide bonds and are identifiable only after reduction with DTT. Confocal laser Raman microspectroscopy identified a disulfide stretch band of significantly stronger intensity per protein in the stimulated saliva of smokers alone. We conclude that the saliva of smokers, especially stimulated saliva, contains significantly more oxidized form of proteins with increased disulfide bridges, that reduces protection for oral epithelium. Raman microspectroscopy can be used for an easy detection of the damaged salivary proteins.
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Milara J, Armengot M, Bañuls P, Tenor H, Beume R, Artigues E, Cortijo J. Roflumilast N-oxide, a PDE4 inhibitor, improves cilia motility and ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells compromised by cigarette smoke in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2243-62. [PMID: 22385203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mucociliary malfunction occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compromised functions of ciliated bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to this. Cigarette smoke, a major risk factor for COPD, impairs ciliary beat frequency (CBF). cAMP augments CBF. This in vitro study addressed, in differentiated, primary human bronchial epithelial cells, whether roflumilast N-oxide, a PDE4 inhibitor, (i) augments CBF; (ii) prevents the reduction in CBF induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE); and (iii) protects against the loss of the ciliated phenotype following long-term CSE exposure. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Air-liquid interface cultured human bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with roflumilast N-oxide and exposed to CSE. CBF was assessed by digital high speed video microscopy (DHSV). Ciliated cells were characterized by β-tubulin IV staining and analyses of Foxj1 and Dnai2 mRNA and protein (real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting). KEY RESULTS Roflumilast N-oxide concentration-dependently triggered a rapid and persistent increase in CBF and reversed the decrease in CBF following CSE. Long-term incubation of bronchial epithelial cells with CSE resulted in a loss in ciliated cells associated with reduced expression of the ciliated cell markers Foxj1 and Dnai2. The PDE4 inhibitor prevented this loss in the ciliated cell phenotype and the compromised Foxj1 and Dnai2 expression. The enhanced release of IL-13 following CSE, a cytokine that diminishes the proportion of ciliated cells and in parallel, reduces Foxj1 and Dnai2, was reversed by roflumilast N-oxide. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Roflumilast N-oxide protected differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells from reduced CBF and loss of ciliated cells following CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Milara
- Research Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
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Maeda Y, Tsuchiya T, Hao H, Tompkins DH, Xu Y, Mucenski ML, Du L, Keiser AR, Fukazawa T, Naomoto Y, Nagayasu T, Whitsett JA. Kras(G12D) and Nkx2-1 haploinsufficiency induce mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4388-400. [PMID: 23143308 DOI: 10.1172/jci64048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung is a subtype of highly invasive pulmonary tumors and is associated with decreased or absent expression of the transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1; also known as TTF-1). Here, we show that haploinsufficiency of Nkx2-1 in combination with oncogenic Kras(G12D), but not with oncogenic EGFR(L858R), caused pulmonary tumors in transgenic mice that were phenotypically similar to human mucinous adenocarcinomas. Gene expression patterns distinguished tumor goblet (mucous) cells from nontumorigenic airway and intestinal goblet cells. Expression of NKX2-1 inhibited urethane and oncogenic Kras(G12D)-induced tumorigenesis in vivo. Haploinsufficiency of Nkx2-1 enhanced Kras(G12D)-mediated tumor progression, but reduced EGFR(L858R)-mediated progression. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression demonstrated that a set of genes induced in mucinous tumors was shared with genes induced in a nontumorigenic chronic lung disease, while a distinct subset of genes was specific to mucinous tumors. ChIP with massively parallel DNA sequencing identified a direct association of NKX2-1 with the genes induced in mucinous tumors. NKX2-1 associated with the AP-1 binding element as well as the canonical NKX2-1 binding element. NKX2-1 inhibited both AP-1 activity and tumor colony formation in vitro. These data demonstrate that NKX2-1 functions in a context-dependent manner in lung tumorigenesis and inhibits Kras(G12D)-driven mucinous pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Maeda
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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Ganesan S, Unger BL, Comstock AT, Angel KA, Mancuso P, Martinez FJ, Sajjan US. Aberrantly activated EGFR contributes to enhanced IL-8 expression in COPD airways epithelial cells via regulation of nuclear FoxO3A. Thorax 2012; 68:131-41. [PMID: 23099361 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-201719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased activity of forkhead transcription factor class O (FoxO)3A, a negative regulator of NF-κB-mediated chemokine expression, is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previously, we showed that quercetin reduces lung inflammation in a murine model of COPD. Here, we examined the mechanisms underlying decreased FoxO3A activation and its modulation by quercetin in COPD human airway epithelial cells and in a COPD mouse model. METHODS Primary COPD and normal human airway epithelial cells were treated with quercetin, LY294002 or erlotinib for 2 weeks. IL-8 was measured by ELISA. FoxO3A, Akt, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation and nuclear FoxO3A levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Effects of quercetin on lung chemokine expression, nuclear FoxO3A levels and phosphorylation of EGFR and Akt were determined in COPD mouse model. RESULTS Compared with normal, COPD cells showed significantly increased IL-8, which negatively correlated with nuclear FoxO3A levels. COPD bronchial biopsies also showed reduced nuclear FoxO3A. Decreased FoxO3A in COPD cells was associated with increased phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt and FoxO3A and treatment with quercetin, LY294002 or erlotinib increased nuclear FoxO3A and decreased IL-8 and phosphorylation of Akt, EGFR and FoxO3A, Compared with control, elastase/LPS-exposed mice showed decreased nuclear FoxO3A, increased chemokines and phosphorylation of EGFR and Akt. Treatment with quercetin partially reversed these changes. CONCLUSIONS In COPD airways, aberrant EGFR activity increases PI 3-kinase/Akt-mediated phosphorylation of FoxO3A, thereby decreasing nuclear FoxO3A and increasing chemokine expression. Quercetin restores nuclear FoxO3A and reduces chemokine expression partly by modulating EGFR/PI 3-kinase/Akt activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Ganesan
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5688, USA
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Zhang L, Gallup M, Zlock L, Basbaum C, Finkbeiner WE, McNamara NA. Cigarette smoke disrupts the integrity of airway adherens junctions through the aberrant interaction of p120-catenin with the cytoplasmic tail of MUC1. J Pathol 2012; 229:74-86. [PMID: 22833523 DOI: 10.1002/path.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) containing epithelial cadherin (E-cad) bound to p120-catenin (p120ctn) and β-catenin (β-ctn) play a crucial role in regulating cell-cell adhesion. Cigarette smoke abrogates cell-cell adhesion between epithelial cells by disrupting E-cad, a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), yet the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We used an organotypic culture of primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells treated with smoke-concentrated medium (Smk) to establish an essential role for the interaction between p120ctn and the cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 (MUC1-CT) in regulating E-cad disruption. Within the first 4 h of smoke exposure, apical MUC1-CT repositioned to the basolateral membrane of pseudo-stratified HBE cells, where it interacted with p120ctn. A time-dependent increase in MUC1-CT/p120ctn complexes occurred in conjunction with a time-dependent dissociation of p120ctn/E-cad/β-ctn complexes, as well as the coordinated degradation of p120ctn and E-cad. Interestingly, Smk induced a similar interaction between MUC1-CT and β-ctn, but this occurred 44 h after MUC1-CT's initial interaction with p120ctn, and well after the AJs were destroyed. Blocking MUC1-CT's interaction with p120ctn using a MUC1-CT dominant-negative peptide, PMIP, successfully abolished Smk's disruptive effects on AJs and recovered apical-basolateral polarity of HBE cells. The MUC1-CT/p120ctn interaction was highly dependent on EGFR/Src/Jnk-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation (TyrP) of MUC1-CT. Accordingly, EGFR, Src or Jnk inhibitors (AG1478, PP2, SP600125, respectively) abrogated Smk-induced MUC1-CT-TyrP, MUC1-CT/p120ctn interaction, AJ disruption, and loss of cellular polarity. Our work identified MUC1-CT and p120ctn as important regulators of epithelial polarity and cell-cell adhesion during a smoke-induced EMT-like process. Novel therapeutics designed to inhibit MUC1-CT/p120ctn complex formation may prevent EMT in the smoker's airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Francis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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