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Arroum T, Hish GA, Burghardt KJ, Ghamloush M, Bazzi B, Mrech A, Morse PT, Britton SL, Koch LG, McCully JD, Hüttemann M, Malek MH. Mitochondria Transplantation: Rescuing Innate Muscle Bioenergetic Impairment in a Model of Aging and Exercise Intolerance. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1189-1199. [PMID: 38900170 PMCID: PMC11192236 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Arroum, T, Hish, GA, Burghardt, KJ, Ghamloush, M, Bazzi, B, Mrech, A, Morse, PT, Britton, SL, Koch, LG, McCully, JD, Hüttemann, M, and Malek, MH. Mitochondria transplantation: Rescuing innate muscle bioenergetic impairment in a model of aging and exercise intolerance. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1189-1199, 2024-Mitochondria, through oxidative phosphorylation, are crucial for energy production. Disease, genetic impairment, or deconditioning can harm muscle mitochondria, affecting energy production. Endurance training enhances mitochondrial function but assumes mobility. Individuals with limited mobility lack effective treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction because of disease or aging. Mitochondrial transplantation replaces native mitochondria that have been damaged with viable, respiration-competent mitochondria. Here, we used a rodent model selectively bred for low-capacity running (LCR), which exhibits innate mitochondrial dysfunction in the hind limb muscles. Hence, the purpose of this study was to use a distinct breed of rats (i.e., LCR) that display hereditary skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction to evaluate the consequences of mitochondrial transplantation. We hypothesized that the transplantation of mitochondria would effectively alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in the hind limb muscles of rats when compared with placebo injections. In addition, we hypothesized that rats receiving the mitochondrial transplantation would experience an improvement in their functional capacity, as evaluated through incremental treadmill testing. Twelve aged LCR male rats (18 months old) were randomized into 2 groups (placebo or mitochondrial transplantation). One LCR rat of the same age and sex was used as the donor to isolate mitochondria from the hindlimb muscles. Isolated mitochondria were injected into both hindlimb muscles (quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior (TA), and gastrocnemius complex) of a subset LCR (n = 6; LCR-M) rats. The remaining LCR (n = 5; LCR-P) subset received a placebo injection containing only the vehicle without the isolated mitochondria. Four weeks after mitochondrial transplantation, rodents were euthanized and hindlimb muscles harvested. The results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in mitochondrial markers for glycolytic (plantaris and TA) and mixed (quadricep femoris) muscles, but not oxidative muscle (soleus). Moreover, we found significant (p < 0.05) epigenetic changes (i.e., hypomethylation) at the global and site-specific levels for a key mitochondrial regulator (transcription factor A mitochondrial) between the placebo and mitochondrial transplantation groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation in a rodent model of aging with congenital skeletal muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Gerald A. Hish
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (ULAM), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kyle J. Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Mohamed Ghamloush
- Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Belal Bazzi
- Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Abdallah Mrech
- Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Paul T. Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - James D. McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Moh H. Malek
- Physical Therapy Program, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Wayne State University, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Health Care Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201
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Arroum T, Hish GA, Burghardt KJ, McCully JD, Hüttemann M, Malek MH. Mitochondrial Transplantation's Role in Rodent Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics: Recharging the Engine of Aging. Biomolecules 2024; 14:493. [PMID: 38672509 PMCID: PMC11048484 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are the 'powerhouses of cells' and progressive mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging in skeletal muscle. Although different forms of exercise modality appear to be beneficial to attenuate aging-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, it presupposes that the individual has a requisite level of mobility. Moreover, non-exercise alternatives (i.e., nutraceuticals or pharmacological agents) to improve skeletal muscle bioenergetics require time to be effective in the target tissue and have another limitation in that they act systemically and not locally where needed. Mitochondrial transplantation represents a novel directed therapy designed to enhance energy production of tissues impacted by defective mitochondria. To date, no studies have used mitochondrial transplantation as an intervention to attenuate aging-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to determine whether mitochondrial transplantation can enhance skeletal muscle bioenergetics in an aging rodent model. We hypothesized that mitochondrial transplantation would result in sustained skeletal muscle bioenergetics leading to improved functional capacity. METHODS Fifteen female mice (24 months old) were randomized into two groups (placebo or mitochondrial transplantation). Isolated mitochondria from a donor mouse of the same sex and age were transplanted into the hindlimb muscles of recipient mice (quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius complex). RESULTS The results indicated significant increases (ranging between ~36% and ~65%) in basal cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase activity as well as ATP levels in mice receiving mitochondrial transplantation relative to the placebo. Moreover, there were significant increases (approx. two-fold) in protein expression of mitochondrial markers in both glycolytic and oxidative muscles. These enhancements in the muscle translated to significant improvements in exercise tolerance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial evidence showing how mitochondrial transplantation can promote skeletal muscle bioenergetics in an aging rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Gerald A. Hish
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (ULAM), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kyle J. Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - James D. McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Moh H. Malek
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Rodriguez NR, Fortune T, Hegde E, Weinstein MP, Keane AM, Mangold JF, Swartz TH. Oxidative phosphorylation in HIV-1 infection: impacts on cellular metabolism and immune function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360342. [PMID: 38529284 PMCID: PMC10962326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) presents significant challenges to the immune system, predominantly characterized by CD4+ T cell depletion, leading to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses the viral load in people with HIV (PWH), leading to a state of chronic infection that is associated with inflammation. This review explores the complex relationship between oxidative phosphorylation, a crucial metabolic pathway for cellular energy production, and HIV-1, emphasizing the dual impact of HIV-1 infection and the metabolic and mitochondrial effects of ART. The review highlights how HIV-1 infection disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, promoting glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis to facilitate viral replication. ART can exacerbate metabolic dysregulation despite controlling viral replication, impacting mitochondrial DNA synthesis and enhancing reactive oxygen species production. These effects collectively contribute to significant changes in oxidative phosphorylation, influencing immune cell metabolism and function. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated through oxidative phosphorylation can influence the metabolic landscape of infected cells through ATP-detected purinergic signaling and contributes to immunometabolic dysfunction. Future research should focus on identifying specific targets within this pathway and exploring the role of purinergic signaling in HIV-1 pathogenesis to enhance HIV-1 treatment modalities, addressing both viral infection and its metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Talia H. Swartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Leung PY, Chen W, Sari AN, Sitaram P, Wu PK, Tsai S, Park JI. Erlotinib combination with a mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone effectively suppresses pancreatic cancer cell survival. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:714-727. [PMID: 38515951 PMCID: PMC10950623 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i7.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Increased activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often observed in pancreatic cancer, and the small molecule EGFR inhibitor erlotinib has been approved for pancreatic cancer therapy by the food and drug administration. Nevertheless, erlotinib alone is ineffective and should be combined with other drugs to improve therapeutic outcomes. We previously showed that certain receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors can increase mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), facilitate tumor cell uptake of Δψm-sensitive agents, disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis, and subsequently trigger tumor cell death. Erlotinib has not been tested for this effect.
AIM To determine whether erlotinib can elevate Δψm and increase tumor cell uptake of Δψm-sensitive agents, subsequently triggering tumor cell death.
METHODS Δψm-sensitive fluorescent dye was used to determine how erlotinib affects Δψm in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines. The viability of conventional and patient-derived primary PDAC cell lines in 2D- and 3D cultures was measured after treating cells sequentially with erlotinib and mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone (MitoQ), a Δψm-sensitive MitoQ. The synergy between erlotinib and MitoQ was then analyzed using SynergyFinder 2.0. The preclinical efficacy of the two-drug combination was determined using immune-compromised nude mice bearing PDAC cell line xenografts.
RESULTS Erlotinib elevated Δψm in PDAC cells, facilitating tumor cell uptake and mitochondrial enrichment of Δψm-sensitive agents. MitoQ triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis in PDAC cells in culture if used at high doses, while erlotinib pretreatment potentiated low doses of MitoQ. SynergyFinder suggested that these drugs synergistically induced tumor cell lethality. Consistent with in vitro data, erlotinib and MitoQ combination suppressed human PDAC cell line xenografts in mice more effectively than single treatments of each agent.
CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a combination of erlotinib and MitoQ has the potential to suppress pancreatic tumor cell viability effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Yin Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Anissa N Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Poojitha Sitaram
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Pui-Kei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Susan Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Arroum T, Pham L, Raisanen TE, Morse PT, Wan J, Bell J, Lax R, Saada A, Hüttemann M, Weksler-Zangen S. High Sucrose Diet-Induced Subunit I Tyrosine 304 Phosphorylation of Cytochrome c Oxidase Leads to Liver Mitochondrial Respiratory Dysfunction in the Cohen Diabetic Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:19. [PMID: 38275639 PMCID: PMC10812566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process generates most of the cellular energy and free radicals in mammalian tissues. Both factors play a critical role in numerous human diseases that could be affected by reversible phosphorylation events that regulate the function and activity of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. In this study, we analyzed liver mitochondria of Cohen diabetes-sensitive (CDs) and Cohen diabetes-resistant (CDr) rats, using blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) in combination with mitochondrial activity measurements and a site-specific tyrosine phosphorylation implicated in inflammation, a known driver of diabetes pathology. We uncovered the presence of a specific inhibitory phosphorylation on tyrosine 304 of catalytic subunit I of dimeric cytochrome c oxidase (CcO, complex IV). Driven by a high sucrose diet in both CDr and CDs rats, Y304 phosphorylation, which occurs close to the catalytic oxygen binding site, correlates with a decrease in CcO activity and respiratory dysfunction in rat liver tissue under hyperglycemic conditions. We propose that this phosphorylation, specifically seen in dimeric CcO and induced by high sucrose diet-mediated inflammatory signaling, triggers enzymatic activity decline of complex IV dimers and the assembly of supercomplexes in liver tissue as a molecular mechanism underlying a (pre-)diabetic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.A.); (L.P.); (T.E.R.); (P.T.M.); (J.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Lucynda Pham
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.A.); (L.P.); (T.E.R.); (P.T.M.); (J.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Taryn E. Raisanen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.A.); (L.P.); (T.E.R.); (P.T.M.); (J.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Paul T. Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.A.); (L.P.); (T.E.R.); (P.T.M.); (J.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.A.); (L.P.); (T.E.R.); (P.T.M.); (J.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Jamie Bell
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.A.); (L.P.); (T.E.R.); (P.T.M.); (J.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Rachel Lax
- Faculty of Medicine Hebrew, University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (R.L.); (A.S.)
- The Hadassah Diabetes Center, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- The Liver Research Laboratory, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ann Saada
- Faculty of Medicine Hebrew, University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (R.L.); (A.S.)
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem 9101001, Israel
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (T.A.); (L.P.); (T.E.R.); (P.T.M.); (J.W.); (J.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Faculty of Medicine Hebrew, University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (R.L.); (A.S.)
- The Hadassah Diabetes Center, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- The Liver Research Laboratory, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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Akabane S, Oka T. Insights into the regulation of mitochondrial functions by protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation. J Biochem 2023; 175:1-7. [PMID: 37775269 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is a highly conserved pathway in eukaryotes and plays a central role in cell signaling cascades in response to environmental changes. Elevated cAMP levels promote the activation of PKA, which phosphorylates various downstream proteins. Many cytosolic and nuclear proteins, such as metabolic enzymes and transcriptional factors, have been identified as substrates for PKA, suggesting that PKA-mediated regulation occurs predominantly in the cytosol. Mitochondrial proteins are also phosphorylated by PKA, and PKA-mediated phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins is considered to control a variety of mitochondrial functions, including oxidative phosphorylation, protein import, morphology and quality control. In this review, we outline PKA mitochondrial substrates and summarize the regulation of mitochondrial functions through PKA-mediated phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Akabane
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Oka
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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Wider JM, Gruley E, Morse PT, Wan J, Lee I, Anzell AR, Fogo GM, Mathieu J, Hish G, O'Neil B, Neumar RW, Przyklenk K, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH. Modulation of mitochondrial function with near-infrared light reduces brain injury in a translational model of cardiac arrest. Crit Care 2023; 27:491. [PMID: 38098060 PMCID: PMC10720207 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to brain injury following cardiac arrest; therefore, therapies that limit mitochondrial dysfunction have the potential to improve neurological outcomes. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain is a critical component of mitochondrial injury and is dependent on hyperactivation of mitochondria following resuscitation. Our previous studies have provided evidence that modulating mitochondrial function with specific near-infrared light (NIR) wavelengths can reduce post-ischemic mitochondrial hyperactivity, thereby reducing brain injury during reperfusion in multiple small animal models. METHODS Isolated porcine brain cytochrome c oxidase (COX) was used to investigate the mechanism of NIR-induced mitochondrial modulation. Cultured primary neurons from mice expressing mitoQC were utilized to explore the mitochondrial mechanisms related to protection with NIR following ischemia-reperfusion. Anesthetized pigs were used to optimize the delivery of NIR to the brain by measuring the penetration depth of NIR to deep brain structures and tissue heating. Finally, a model of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with CPR in adult pigs was used to evaluate the translational potential of NIR as a noninvasive therapeutic approach to protect the brain after resuscitation. RESULTS Molecular evaluation of enzyme activity during NIR irradiation demonstrated COX function was reduced in an intensity-dependent manner with a threshold of enzyme inhibition leading to a moderate reduction in activity without complete inhibition. Mechanistic interrogation in neurons demonstrated that mitochondrial swelling and upregulation of mitophagy were reduced with NIR treatment. NIR therapy in large animals is feasible, as NIR penetrates deep into the brain without substantial tissue heating. In a translational porcine model of CA/CPR, transcranial NIR treatment for two hours at the onset of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) demonstrated significantly improved neurological deficit scores and reduced histologic evidence of brain injury after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS NIR modulates mitochondrial function which improves mitochondrial dynamics and quality control following ischemia/reperfusion. Noninvasive modulation of mitochondria, achieved by transcranial treatment of the brain with NIR, mitigates post-cardiac arrest brain injury and improves neurologic functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Wider
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Erin Gruley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-Si, Chungcheongnam-Do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Anthony R Anzell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Garrett M Fogo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Mathieu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Gerald Hish
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brian O'Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine St., University Health Center - 6G, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robert W Neumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Clinical Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, 1280 S. East Campus Drive, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA.
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine St., University Health Center - 6G, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Saatci O, Cetin M, Uner M, Tokat UM, Chatzistamou I, Ersan PG, Montaudon E, Akyol A, Aksoy S, Uner A, Marangoni E, Sajish M, Sahin O. Toxic PARP trapping upon cAMP-induced DNA damage reinstates the efficacy of endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors in treatment-refractory ER+ breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6997. [PMID: 37914699 PMCID: PMC10620179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors, the standard of care (SOC) in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, greatly reduces patient survival. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to SOC therapy and identifying actionable targets are urgently needed. Here, we show that SOC therapy causes DNA damage and toxic PARP1 trapping upon generation of a functional BRCAness (i.e., BRCA1/2 deficiency) phenotype, leading to increased histone parylation and reduced H3K9 acetylation, resulting in transcriptional blockage and cell death. Mechanistically, SOC therapy downregulates phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), a novel ER target gene in a feedforward loop with ER, resulting in increased cAMP, PKA-dependent phosphorylation of mitochondrial COXIV-I, ROS generation and DNA damage. However, during SOC resistance, an ER-to-EGFR switch induces PDE4D overexpression via c-Jun. Notably, combining SOC with inhibitors of PDE4D, EGFR or PARP1 overcomes SOC resistance irrespective of the BRCA1/2 status, providing actionable targets for restoring SOC efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Saatci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Metin Cetin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Meral Uner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Unal Metin Tokat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Pelin Gulizar Ersan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Elodie Montaudon
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Aytekin Akyol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Aksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Mathew Sajish
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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9
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Staples JF, Mathers KE, Duffy BM. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Hibernation: Regulation and Implications. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35658625 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernators rapidly and reversibly suppress mitochondrial respiration and whole animal metabolism. Posttranslational modifications likely regulate these mitochondrial changes, which may help conserve energy in winter. These modifications are affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS), so suppressing mitochondrial ROS production may also be important for hibernators, just as it is important for surviving ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine E Mathers
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brynne M Duffy
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Vogt S, Ramzan R, Grossman LI, Singh KK, Ferguson-Miller S, Yoshikawa S, Lee I, Hüttemann M. Mitochondrial respiration is controlled by Allostery, Subunit Composition and Phosphorylation Sites of Cytochrome c Oxidase: A trailblazer's tale - Bernhard Kadenbach. Mitochondrion 2021; 60:228-233. [PMID: 34481964 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In memoriam of Bernhard Kadenbach: Although the main focus of his research was the structure, function, and regulation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx), he earlier studied the mitochondrial phosphate carrier and found an essential role of cardiolipin. Later, he discovered tissue-specific and developmental-specific protein isoforms of CytOx. Defective activity of CytOx is found with increasing age in human muscle and neuronal cells resulting in mitochondrial diseases. Kadenbach proposed a theory on the cause of oxidative stress, aging, and associated diseases stating that allosteric feedback inhibition of CytOx at high mitochondrial ATP/ADP ratios is essential for healthy living while stress-induced reversible dephosphorylation of CytOx results in the formation of excessive reactive oxygen species that trigger degenerative diseases. This article summarizes the main discoveries of Kadenbach related to mammalian CytOx and discusses their implications for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vogt
- Department of Heart Surgery, Campus Marburg, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Rabia Ramzan
- Department of Heart Surgery, Campus Marburg, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shelagh Ferguson-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Shinya Yoshikawa
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, South Korea
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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11
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Vinette V, Aubry I, Insull H, Uetani N, Hardy S, Tremblay ML. Protein tyrosine phosphatome metabolic screen identifies TC-PTP as a positive regulator of cancer cell bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21708. [PMID: 34169549 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100207r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming occurs in cancer cells and is regulated partly by the opposing actions of tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases. Several members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily have been linked to cancer as either pro-oncogenic or tumor-suppressive enzymes. In order to investigate which PTPs can modulate the metabolic state of cancer cells, we performed an shRNA screen of PTPs in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. Among the 72 PTPs efficiently targeted, 24 were found to regulate mitochondrial respiration, 8 as negative and 16 as positive regulators. Of the latter, we selected TC-PTP (PTPN2) for further characterization since inhibition of this PTP resulted in major functional defects in oxidative metabolism without affecting glycolytic flux. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in the number of damaged mitochondria in TC-PTP-null cells, demonstrating the potential role of this PTP in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Downregulation of STAT3 by siRNA-mediated silencing partially rescued the mitochondrial respiration defect observed in TC-PTP-deficient cells, supporting the role of this signaling axis in regulating mitochondrial activity. In addition, mitochondrial stress prevented an increased expression of electron transport chain-related genes in cells with TC-PTP silencing, correlating with decreased ATP production, cellular proliferation, and migration. Our shRNA-based metabolic screen revealed that PTPs can serve as either positive or negative regulators of cancer cell metabolism. Taken together, our findings uncover a new role for TC-PTP as an activator of mitochondrial metabolism, validating this PTP as a key target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Vinette
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubry
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hayley Insull
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Noriko Uetani
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Hardy
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Diel rhythm of urotensin I mRNA expression and its involvement in the locomotor activity and appetite regulation in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110627. [PMID: 34058375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin I (UI), a member of the corticotropin-releasing hormone family of peptides, regulates a diverse array of physiological functions, including appetite regulation, defensive behavior and stress response. In this study, firstly, the tissue-specific distribution of UI mRNA in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was characterized and we found that UI mRNA was highly expressed in caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) tissue. Secondly, alignment analysis found that a conserved cAMP response binding (CREB) site and a TATA element were located in the proximal promoter of UI gene. In addition, treatment of forskolin activatated cAMP-CREB pathway and induced the up-regulation of UI mRNA in cultured CNSS, suggesting the role of CREB in regulating the UI mRNA expression. Furthermore, plasma UI concentration and UI mRNA in CNSS showed obvious daily rhythm, with higher values in the daytime while lower values in the nighttime. Thirdly, using bold personality (BP) and shy personality (SP) flounder as an animal model, we found that flounder exhibited significantly higher locomotor activity in the nighttime than in the daytime (P < 0.001), and BP flounder showed significantly higher locomotor activity (P < 0.001) compared with SP flounder both in the daytime and nighttime. Analysis of feeding behavior revealed that BP flounder showed a shorter latency to feed and more attacks to prey. Furthermore, the qPCR and immunohistochemistry results showed that BP flounder expressed significantly lower level of UI mRNA and protein in CNSS tissue. Collectively, our study suggested that the UI plays an important role in locomotor activity and appetite regulation, which provides a basis for understanding the mechanism of defensive behavior and animal personality in flounder.
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13
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Lee H, Jiang X, Perwaiz I, Yu P, Wang J, Wang Y, Hüttemann M, Felder RA, Sibley DR, Polster BM, Rozyyev S, Armando I, Yang Z, Qu P, Jose PA. Dopamine D 5 receptor-mediated decreases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production are cAMP and autophagy dependent. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:628-641. [PMID: 33820956 PMCID: PMC8369611 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The dopamine D5 receptor (D5R) is known to decrease ROS production, but the mechanism is not completely understood. In HEK293 cells overexpressing D5R, fenoldopam, an agonist of the two D1-like receptors, D1R and D5R, decreased the production of mitochondria-derived ROS (mito-ROS). The fenoldopam-mediated decrease in mito-ROS production was mimicked by Sp-cAMPS but blocked by Rp-cAMPS. In human renal proximal tubule cells with DRD1 gene silencing to eliminate the confounding effect of D1R, fenoldopam still decreased mito-ROS production. By contrast, Sch23390, a D1R and D5R antagonist, increased mito-ROS production in the absence of D1R, D5R is constitutively active. The fenoldopam-mediated inhibition of mito-ROS production may have been related to autophagy because fenoldopam increased the expression of the autophagy hallmark proteins, autophagy protein 5 (ATG5), and the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC)3-II. In the presence of chloroquine or spautin-1, inhibitors of autophagy, fenoldopam further increased ATG5 and LC3-II expression, indicating an important role of D5R in the positive regulation of autophagy. However, when autophagy was inhibited, fenoldopam was unable to inhibit ROS production. Indeed, the levels of these autophagy hallmark proteins were decreased in the kidney cortices of Drd5-/- mice. Moreover, ROS production was increased in mitochondria isolated from the kidney cortices of Drd5-/- mice, relative to Drd5+/+ littermates. In conclusion, D5R-mediated activation of autophagy plays a role in the D5R-mediated inhibition of mito-ROS production in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewang Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Jiang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Imran Perwaiz
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peiying Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robin A. Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian M. Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Selim Rozyyev
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ines Armando
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Qu
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Affiliated Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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14
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Adenylate kinase derived ATP shapes respiration and calcium storage of isolated mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148409. [PMID: 33713654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of ADP and ATP is a natural indicator of cellular bioenergetic state and thus a prominent analyte in metabolism research. Beyond adenylate interconversion via oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase activities, ADP and ATP act as steric regulators of enzymes, e.g. cytochrome C oxidase, and are major factors in mitochondrial calcium storage potential. Consideration of all routes of adenylate conversion is critical to successfully predict their abundance in an experimental system and to correctly interpret many aspects of mitochondrial function. We showcase here how adenylate kinases elicit considerable impact on the outcome of a variety of mitochondrial assays through their drastic manipulation of the adenylate profile. Parameters affected include cytochrome c oxidase activity, P/O ratio, and mitochondrial calcium dynamics. Study of the latter revealed that the presence of ATP is required for mitochondrial calcium to be shaped into a particularly dense form of mitochondrial amorphous calcium phosphate.
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15
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Cytochrome c Oxidase at Full Thrust: Regulation and Biological Consequences to Flying Insects. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020470. [PMID: 33671793 PMCID: PMC7931083 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Flight dispersal represents a key aspect of the evolutionary and ecological success of insects, allowing escape from predators, mating, and colonization of new niches. The huge energy demand posed by flight activity is essentially met by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in flight muscle mitochondria. In insects, mitochondrial ATP supply and oxidant production are regulated by several factors, including the energy demand exerted by changes in adenylate balance. Indeed, adenylate directly regulates OXPHOS by targeting both chemiosmotic ATP production and the activities of specific mitochondrial enzymes. In several organisms, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is regulated at transcriptional, post-translational, and allosteric levels, impacting mitochondrial energy metabolism, and redox balance. This review will present the concepts on how COX function contributes to flying insect biology, focusing on the existing examples in the literature where its structure and activity are regulated not only by physiological and environmental factors but also how changes in its activity impacts insect biology. We also performed in silico sequence analyses and determined the structure models of three COX subunits (IV, VIa, and VIc) from different insect species to compare with mammalian orthologs. We observed that the sequences and structure models of COXIV, COXVIa, and COXVIc were quite similar to their mammalian counterparts. Remarkably, specific substitutions to phosphomimetic amino acids at critical phosphorylation sites emerge as hallmarks on insect COX sequences, suggesting a new regulatory mechanism of COX activity. Therefore, by providing a physiological and bioenergetic framework of COX regulation in such metabolically extreme models, we hope to expand the knowledge of this critical enzyme complex and the potential consequences for insect dispersal.
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16
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Comparative transcriptome and methylome analysis of the hindbrain in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) considering individual behavior-type and oxygen metabolism. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 38:100799. [PMID: 33582456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies we employed multiple behavior assays, including propensity to feed, simulated trawl capture and escape response, to prove the presence of bold and shy personality (BP,SP) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). However, the molecular mechanism of the different personality has not been elucidated. In this study, firstly, we found that the SP flounder had lower red blood cell count (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration (HBG) than BP flounder. Secondly, the transcriptomic profiles of the hindbrain in flounder with distinct personality were compared. A total of 144 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 70 up-regulated and 74 down-regulated genes in SP flounder compared with BP flounder. Genes involved in hypoxia stress were detected in SP flounder, accompanied with down-regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis. In addition, genes related with calcium signaling pathway, including endothelin, b-Fos, c-Fos and c-Jun were up-regulated in SP flounder. Furthermore, personality-related genes including UI, CCK, c-Fos showed significantly higher level in SP flounder than in BP flounder. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the GO categories "the tight junction pathway" and "lipid transport or localization pathway" were enriched in SP flounder, suggesting that the central nervous system homeostasis would be compromised. Thirdly, using a simple and scalable DNA methylation profiling method (MethylRAD), which allows for methylation analysis for DEGs in RNA-seq, we found that only part of gene expression was negatively associated with promoter methylation. Altogether, our study will not only lay a foundation for further studies on animal personality but also facilitate the selective breeding of olive flounder in aquaculture.
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17
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Kotrasová V, Keresztesová B, Ondrovičová G, Bauer JA, Havalová H, Pevala V, Kutejová E, Kunová N. Mitochondrial Kinases and the Role of Mitochondrial Protein Phosphorylation in Health and Disease. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020082. [PMID: 33498615 PMCID: PMC7912454 DOI: 10.3390/life11020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major role of mitochondria is to provide cells with energy, but no less important are their roles in responding to various stress factors and the metabolic changes and pathological processes that might occur inside and outside the cells. The post-translational modification of proteins is a fast and efficient way for cells to adapt to ever changing conditions. Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification that signals these changes and propagates these signals throughout the whole cell, but it also changes the structure, function and interaction of individual proteins. In this review, we summarize the influence of kinases, the proteins responsible for phosphorylation, on mitochondrial biogenesis under various cellular conditions. We focus on their role in keeping mitochondria fully functional in healthy cells and also on the changes in mitochondrial structure and function that occur in pathological processes arising from the phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kotrasová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Barbora Keresztesová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ondrovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Henrieta Havalová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
| | - Eva Kutejová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nina Kunová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.K.); (B.K.); (G.O.); (J.A.B.); (H.H.); (V.P.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (N.K.)
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18
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Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in modulating cancer cell metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Čunátová K, Reguera DP, Houštěk J, Mráček T, Pecina P. Role of cytochrome c oxidase nuclear-encoded subunits in health and disease. Physiol Res 2020; 69:947-965. [PMID: 33129245 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of mitochondrial electron transport chain, couples electron transport to oxygen with generation of proton gradient indispensable for the production of vast majority of ATP molecules in mammalian cells. The review summarizes current knowledge of COX structure and function of nuclear-encoded COX subunits, which may modulate enzyme activity according to various conditions. Moreover, some nuclear-encoded subunits posess tissue-specific and development-specific isoforms, possibly enabling fine-tuning of COX function in individual tissues. The importance of nuclear-encoded subunits is emphasized by recently discovered pathogenic mutations in patients with severe mitopathies. In addition, proteins substoichiometrically associated with COX were found to contribute to COX activity regulation and stabilization of the respiratory supercomplexes. Based on the summarized data, a model of three levels of quaternary COX structure is postulated. Individual structural levels correspond to subunits of the i) catalytic center, ii) nuclear-encoded stoichiometric subunits and iii) associated proteins, which may constitute several forms of COX with varying composition and differentially regulated function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Čunátová
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic. ,
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20
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Kadenbach B. Complex IV - The regulatory center of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrion 2020; 58:296-302. [PMID: 33069909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ATP, the universal energy currency in all living cells, is mainly synthesized in mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The final and rate limiting step of the respiratory chain is cytochrome c oxidase (COX) which represents the regulatory center of OXPHOS. COX is regulated through binding of various effectors to its "supernumerary" subunits, by reversible phosphorylation, and by expression of subunit isoforms. Of particular interest is its feedback inhibition by ATP, the final product of OXPHOS. This "allosteric ATP-inhibition" of phosphorylated and dimeric COX maintains a low and healthy mitochondrial membrane potential (relaxed state), and prevents the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) which are known to cause numerous diseases. Excessive work and stress abolish this feedback inhibition of COX by Ca2+-activated dephosphorylation which leads to monomerization and movement of NDUFA4 from complex I to COX with higher rates of COX activity and ATP synthesis (active state) but increased ROS formation and decreased efficiency.
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21
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Salsaa M, Pereira B, Liu J, Yu W, Jadhav S, Hüttemann M, Greenberg ML. Valproate inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics and increases glycolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11785. [PMID: 32678210 PMCID: PMC7367371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used mood stabilizer valproate (VPA) causes perturbation of energy metabolism, which is implicated in both the therapeutic mechanism of action of the drug as well as drug toxicity. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we determined the effects of VPA on energy metabolism in yeast. VPA treatment increased levels of glycolytic intermediates, increased expression of glycolysis genes, and increased ethanol production. Increased glycolysis was likely a response to perturbation of mitochondrial function, as reflected in decreased membrane potential and oxygen consumption. Interestingly, yeast, mouse liver, and isolated bovine cytochrome c oxidase were directly inhibited by the drug, while activities of other oxidative phosphorylation complexes (III and V) were not affected. These findings have implications for mechanisms of therapeutic action and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Salsaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Bianca Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shyamalagauri Jadhav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Genetics and Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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22
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Strubakos CD, Malik M, Wider JM, Lee I, Reynolds CA, Mitsias P, Przyklenk K, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH. Non-invasive treatment with near-infrared light: A novel mechanisms-based strategy that evokes sustained reduction in brain injury after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:833-844. [PMID: 31112450 PMCID: PMC7168789 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19845149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a debilitating disease that causes significant brain injury. While restoration of blood flow is critical to salvage the ischemic brain, reperfusion can exacerbate damage by inducing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies by our group found that non-invasive mitochondrial modulation with near-infrared (NIR) light limits ROS generation following global brain ischemia. NIR interacts with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) to transiently reduce COX activity, attenuate mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, and thus reduce ROS production. We evaluated a specific combination of COX-inhibitory NIR (750 nm and 950 nm) in a rat stroke model with longitudinal analysis of brain injury using magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment with NIR for 2 h resulted in a 21% reduction in brain injury at 24 h of reperfusion measured by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and a 25% reduction in infarct volume measured by T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) at 7 and 14 days of reperfusion, respectively. Additionally, extended treatment reduced brain injury in the acute phase of brain injury, and 7 and 14 days of reperfusion, demonstrating a >50% reduction in infarction. Our data suggest that mitochondrial modulation with NIR attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury and evokes a sustained reduction in infarct volume following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos D Strubakos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Malik
- Department of Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Joseph M Wider
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian A Reynolds
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Karin Przyklenk
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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23
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Cytochrome c phosphorylation: Control of mitochondrial electron transport chain flux and apoptosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 121:105704. [PMID: 32023432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cytc)1is a cellular life and death decision molecule that regulates cellular energy supply and apoptosis through tissue specific post-translational modifications. Cytc is an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and thus central for aerobic energy production. Under conditions of cellular stress, Cytc release from the mitochondria is a committing step for apoptosis, leading to apoptosome formation, caspase activation, and cell death. Recently, Cytc was shown to be a target of cellular signaling pathways that regulate the functions of Cytc by tissue-specific phosphorylations. So far five phosphorylation sites of Cytc have been mapped and functionally characterized, Tyr97, Tyr48, Thr28, Ser47, and Thr58. All five phosphorylations partially inhibit respiration, which we propose results in optimal intermediate mitochondrial membrane potentials and low ROS production under normal conditions. Four of the phosphorylations result in inhibition of the apoptotic functions of Cytc, suggesting a cytoprotective role for phosphorylated Cytc. Interestingly, these phosphorylations are lost during stress conditions such as ischemia. This results in maximal ETC flux during reperfusion, mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, excessive ROS generation, and apoptosis. We here present a new model proposing that the electron transfer from Cytc to cytochrome c oxidase is the rate-limiting step of the ETC, which is regulated via post-translational modifications of Cytc. This regulation may be dysfunctional in disease conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and neurodegenerative disorders through increased ROS, or cancer, where post-translational modifications on Cytc may provide a mechanism to evade apoptosis.
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24
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Tu LF, Cao LF, Zhang YH, Guo YL, Zhou YF, Lu WQ, Zhang TZ, Zhang T, Zhang GX, Kurihara H, Li YF, He RR. Sirt3-dependent deacetylation of COX-1 counteracts oxidative stress-induced cell apoptosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:14118-14128. [PMID: 31647884 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900708r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial complexes are prone to sirtuin (Sirt)3-mediated deacetylation modification, which may determine cellular response to stimuli, such as oxidative stress. In this study, we show that the cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-1, a core catalytic subunit of mitochondrial complex IV, was acetylated and deactivated both in 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-treated NIH/3T3 cells and hydrogen peroxide-treated primary neuronal cells, correlating with apoptotic cell death induction by oxidative stress. Inhibition of Sirt3 by small interfering RNA or the inhibitor nicotinamide induced accumulation of acetylation of COX-1, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased cell apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of Sirt3 enhanced deacetylation of COX-1 and inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cell death. Significantly, rats treated with ischemia/reperfusion injury, a typical oxidative stress-related disease, presented an inhibition of Sirt3-induced hyperacetylation of COX-1 in the brain tissues. Furthermore, K13, K264, K319, and K481 were identified as the acetylation sits of COX-1 in response to oxidative stress. In conclusion, COX-1 was discovered as a new deacetylation target of Sirt3, indicating that the Sirt3/COX-1 axis is a promising therapy target of stress-related diseases.-Tu, L.-F., Cao, L.-F., Zhang, Y.-H., Guo, Y.-L., Zhou, Y.-F., Lu, W.-Q., Zhang, T.-Z., Zhang, T., Zhang, G.-X., Kurihara, H., Li, Y.-F., He, R.-R. Sirt3-dependent deacetylation of COX-1 counteracts oxidative stress-induced cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fang Tu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Fang Cao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Hong Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lin Guo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Fan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qi Lu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Ze Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Xiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine and Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Ten VS, Ratner V. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and pulmonary dysfunction: Current progress and future directions. Paediatr Respir Rev 2019; 34:37-45. [PMID: 31060947 PMCID: PMC6790157 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes current understanding of mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction applicable to mechanisms of lung diseases and outlines challenges and future directions in this rapidly emerging field. Although the role of mitochondria extends beyond the term of cellular "powerhouse", energy generation remains the most fundamental function of these organelles. It is not counterintuitive to propose that intact energy supply is important for favorable cellular fate following pulmonary insult. In this review, the discussion of mitochondrial dysfunction focuses on those molecular mechanisms that alter cellular bioenergetics in the lungs: (a) inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain, (b) mitochondrial leak and uncoupling, (c) alteration of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, (d) mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species and self-oxidation. The discussed lung diseases were selected according to their pathological nature and relevance to pediatrics: Acute lung injury (ALI), defined as acute parenchymal lung disease associated with cellular demise and inflammation (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS, Pneumonia), alveolar developmental failure (Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, BPD or chronic lung disease in premature infants), obstructive airway diseases (Bronchial asthma) and vascular remodeling affecting pulmonary circulation (Pulmonary Hypertension, PH). The analysis highlights primary mechanisms of mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction contributing to the disease-specific pulmonary insufficiency and proposes potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S. Ten
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Veniamin Ratner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
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26
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Kalpage HA, Bazylianska V, Recanati MA, Fite A, Liu J, Wan J, Mantena N, Malek MH, Podgorski I, Heath EI, Vaishnav A, Edwards BF, Grossman LI, Sanderson TH, Lee I, Hüttemann M. Tissue-specific regulation of cytochrome c by post-translational modifications: respiration, the mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and apoptosis. FASEB J 2019; 33:1540-1553. [PMID: 30222078 PMCID: PMC6338631 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801417r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays a vital role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). In addition, it is a key regulator of apoptosis. Cyt c has multiple other functions including ROS production and scavenging, cardiolipin peroxidation, and mitochondrial protein import. Cyt c is tightly regulated by allosteric mechanisms, tissue-specific isoforms, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Distinct residues of Cyt c are modified by PTMs, primarily phosphorylations, in a highly tissue-specific manner. These modifications downregulate mitochondrial ETC flux and adjust the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), to minimize reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under normal conditions. In pathologic and acute stress conditions, such as ischemia-reperfusion, phosphorylations are lost, leading to maximum ETC flux, ΔΨm hyperpolarization, excessive ROS generation, and the release of Cyt c. It is also the dephosphorylated form of the protein that leads to maximum caspase activation. We discuss the complex regulation of Cyt c and propose that it is a central regulatory step of the mammalian ETC that can be rate limiting in normal conditions. This regulation is important because it maintains optimal intermediate ΔΨm, limiting ROS generation. We examine the role of Cyt c PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, nitration, nitrosylation, and sulfoxidation and consider their potential biological significance by evaluating their stoichiometry.-Kalpage, H. A., Bazylianska, V., Recanati, M. A., Fite, A., Liu, J., Wan, J., Mantena, N., Malek, M. H., Podgorski, I., Heath, E. I., Vaishnav, A., Edwards, B. F., Grossman, L. I., Sanderson, T. H., Lee, I., Hüttemann, M. Tissue-specific regulation of cytochrome c by post-translational modifications: respiration, the mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasini A. Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Viktoriia Bazylianska
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Maurice A. Recanati
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alemu Fite
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nikhil Mantena
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Moh H. Malek
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth I. Heath
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Asmita Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian F. Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas H. Sanderson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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27
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Vogt S, Irqsusi M, Naraghi H, Sattler A, Ruppert V, Weber P, Rhiel A, Ramzan R. Mitochondrial active and relaxed state respiration after heat shock mRNA response in the heart. J Therm Biol 2019; 80:106-112. [PMID: 30784473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Induction of Heat Shock Proteins results in cytoprotection. Beneficial effect results from transcription and translational cellular components' involvement that defends metabolism and thus induce ischemic protection of the tissue. Mitochondrial respiration is also involved in stress- induced conditions. It is not a uniform process. Cytochrome c Oxidase (CytOx) representing complex IV of the Electron Transfer Chain (ETC) has a regulatory role for mitochondrial respiratory activity, which is tested in our study after hsp induction. Moreover, protein translation for mitochondrial components was probed by the detection of MT-CO1 for Subunit 1 of CytOx neosynthesis. Wistar rats were subjected to whole-body hyperthermia at 42.0-42.5 °C for 15 min followed by a normothermic recovery period. Heat shock response was monitored time dependent from LV biopsies of all control and heat treated animals with PCR-analysis for hsp 32, 60, 70.1, 70.2, 90 and MT-CO1 expression at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 360 min recovery (n = 5 in each group), respectively. Enzymatic activity of CytOx were evaluated polarographically. High energy phosphates were detected by chromatographic analysis. The mRNA expression of MT-CO1 peaked at 60 min and was accompanied by hsp 32 (r = 0.457; p = 0.037) and hsp 70.2 (r = 0.615; p = 0.003) upregulation. With hsp induction, mitochondrial respiration was increased initially. Enzymatic activity reconciled from active into relaxed status wherein CytOx activity was completely inhibited by ATP. Myocardial ATP content increased from stress induced point i.e. < 1 µmol g-1 protein w/w to finally 1.5 ± 0.53 µmol g-1 protein w/w at 120 min recovery interval. Hyperthermic, myocardial hsp- induction goes along with increased CytOx activity representing an increased "active" mitochondrial respiration. In parallel, de -novo holoenzyme assembly of CytOx begins as shown by MT-CO1 upregulation at 60 min recovery time crossing with a final return to the physiological "relaxed" state and ATP -inhibited respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vogt
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Irqsusi
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Hamid Naraghi
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Alexander Sattler
- Center for Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Volker Ruppert
- Center for Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Petra Weber
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
| | - Annika Rhiel
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
| | - Rabia Ramzan
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
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28
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Measuring the functionality of the mitochondrial pumping complexes with multi-wavelength spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Liu J, Lee I, Feng HZ, Galen SS, Hüttemann PP, Perkins GA, Jin JP, Hüttemann M, Malek MH. Aerobic Exercise Preconception and During Pregnancy Enhances Oxidative Capacity in the Hindlimb Muscles of Mice Offspring. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1391-1403. [PMID: 29309390 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liu, J, Lee, I, Feng, H-Z, Galen, SS, Hüttemann, PP, Perkins, GA, Jin, J-P, Hüttemann, M, and Malek, MH. Aerobic exercise preconception and during pregnancy enhances oxidative capacity in the hindlimb muscles of mice offspring. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1391-1403, 2018-Little is known about the effect of maternal exercise on offspring skeletal muscle health. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether maternal exercise (preconception and during pregnancy) alters offspring skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial biogenesis. We hypothesized that offspring from exercised dams would have higher capillarity and mitochondrial density in the hindlimb muscles compared with offspring from sedentary dams. Female mice in the exercise condition had access to a running wheel in their individual cage 30 days before mating and throughout pregnancy, whereas the sedentary group did not have access to the running wheel before mating and during pregnancy. Male offspring from both groups were killed when they were 2 months old, and their tissues were analyzed. The results indicated no significant (p > 0.05) mean differences for capillarity density, capillarity-to-fiber ratio, or regulators of angiogenesis such as VEGF-A and TSP-1. Compared with offspring from sedentary dams, however, offspring from exercised dams had an increase in protein expression of myosin heavy chain type I (MHC I) (∼134%; p = 0.009), but no change in MHC II. For mitochondrial morphology, we found significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0124) increases in mitochondrial volume density (∼55%) and length (∼18%) as well as mitochondria per unit area (∼19%). For mitochondrial enzymes, there were also significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0058) increases in basal citrate synthase (∼79%) and cytochrome c oxidase activity (∼67%) in the nonoxidative muscle fibers as well as increases in basal (ATP) (∼52%). Last, there were also significant mean differences in protein expression for regulators (FIS1, Lon protease, and TFAM) of mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings suggest that maternal exercise before and during pregnancy enhances offspring skeletal muscle mitochondria functionality, but not capillarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Zhong Feng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sujay S Galen
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philipp P Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - J-P Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Moh H Malek
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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30
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Regulation of mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis via cytochrome c oxidase. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Rocha MC, Springett R. Spectral components of detergent-solubilized bovine cytochrome oxidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:555-566. [PMID: 29704499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome oxidase is the terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and pumps 4 protons per oxygen reduced to water. Spectral shifts in the α-band of heme a have been observed in multiple studies and these shifts have the potential to shed light on the proton pumping intermediates. Previously we found that heme a had two spectral components in the α-band during redox titrations in living RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells, the classical 605 nm form and a blue-shifted 602 nm form. To confirm these spectral changes were not an artifact due to the complex milieu of the living cell, redox titrations were performed in the isolated detergent-solubilized bovine enzyme from both the Soret- and α-band using precise multiwavelength spectroscopy. This data verified the presence of the 602 nm form in the α-band, revealed a similar shift of heme a in the Soret-band and ruled out the reversal of calcium binding as the origin of the blue shift. The 602 nm form was found to be stabilized at high pH or by binding of azide, which is known to blue shift the α-band of heme a. Azide also stabilized the 602 nm form in the living cells. It is concluded there is a form of cytochrome oxidase in which heme a undergoes a blue shift to a 602 nm form and that redox titrations can be successfully performed in living cells where the oxidase operates in its authentic environment and in the presence of a proton motive force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Rocha
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Springett
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
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Mitochondrial cAMP-PKA signaling: What do we really know? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:868-877. [PMID: 29694829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles for cellular homeostasis. They generate the most part of ATP that is used by cells through oxidative phosphorylation. They also produce reactive oxygen species, neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules. They are important for calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. Considering the role of this organelle, it is not surprising that most mitochondrial dysfunctions are linked to the development of pathologies. Various mechanisms adjust mitochondrial activity according to physiological needs. The cAMP-PKA signaling emerged in recent years as a direct and powerful mean to regulate mitochondrial functions. Multiple evidence demonstrates that such pathway can be triggered from cytosol or directly within mitochondria. Notably, specific anchor proteins target PKA to mitochondria whereas enzymes necessary for generation and degradation of cAMP are found directly in these organelles. Mitochondrial PKA targets proteins localized in different compartments of mitochondria, and related to various functions. Alterations of mitochondrial cAMP-PKA signaling affect the development of several physiopathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. It is however difficult to discriminate between the effects of cAMP-PKA signaling triggered from cytosol or directly in mitochondria. The specific roles of PKA localized in different mitochondrial compartments are also not completely understood. The aim of this work is to review the role of cAMP-PKA signaling in mitochondrial (patho)physiology.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus and accounts for a large proportion of clinical nephrology practice. Studies have shown that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) may be involved in several pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to DKD, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and profibrotic autacoids. This review focuses on recent research advance on the potential role of the KKS in the development of DKD and its clinical relevance. RECENT FINDINGS A number of recent studies support the idea that there is a protective role of the KKS in diabetes. For example, agents that activate the KKS have shown strong renal protective effects that might highlight its potential to change the clinical practice. In addition, diabetic mice lacking both bradykinin B2 and B1 receptors have worse kidney lesions as compared with wild-type diabetic mice. SUMMARY Current basic research has demonstrated that pharmacological activation of the KKS improves renal outcomes in diabetes. These findings suggest that this system may be a therapeutic target in preventing and treating DKD.
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Gaignard P, Fréchou M, Liere P, Thérond P, Schumacher M, Slama A, Guennoun R. Sex differences in brain mitochondrial metabolism: influence of endogenous steroids and stroke. J Neuroendocrinol 2018. [PMID: 28650095 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are neuroprotective and a growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondria are a potential target of their effects. The mitochondria are the site of cellular energy synthesis, regulate oxidative stress and play a key role in cell death after brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. After providing a summary of the literature on the general functions of mitochondria and the effects of sex steroid administrations on mitochondrial metabolism, we summarise and discuss our recent findings concerning sex differences in brain mitochondrial function under physiological and pathological conditions. To analyse the influence of endogenous sex steroids, the oxidative phosphorylation system, mitochondrial oxidative stress and brain steroid levels were compared between male and female mice, either intact or gonadectomised. The results obtained show that females have higher a mitochondrial respiration and lower oxidative stress compared to males and also that these differences were suppressed by ovariectomy but not orchidectomy. We have also shown that the decrease in brain mitochondrial respiration induced by ischaemia/reperfusion is different according to sex. In both sexes, treatment with progesterone reduced the ischaemia/reperfusion-induced mitochondrial alterations. Our findings indicate sex differences in brain mitochondrial function under physiological conditions, as well as after stroke, and identify mitochondria as a target of the neuroprotective properties of progesterone. Thus, it is necessary to investigate sex specificity in brain physiopathological mechanisms, especially when mitochondria impairment is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gaignard
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - M Fréchou
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - P Liere
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - P Thérond
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - M Schumacher
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - A Slama
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - R Guennoun
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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35
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Comparative biochemistry of cytochrome c oxidase in animals. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 224:170-184. [PMID: 29180239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the electron transport system, is central to aerobic metabolism of animals. Many aspects of its structure and function are highly conserved, yet, paradoxically, it is also an important model for studying the evolution of the metabolic phenotype. In this review, part of a special issue honouring Peter Hochachka, we consider the biology of COX from the perspective of comparative and evolutionary biochemistry. The approach is to consider what is known about the enzyme in the context of conventional biochemistry, but focus on how evolutionary researchers have used this background to explore the role of the enzyme in biochemical adaptation of animals. In synthesizing the conventional and evolutionary biochemistry, we hope to identify synergies and future research opportunities. COX represents a rare opportunity for researchers to design studies that span the breadth of biology: molecular genetics, protein biochemistry, enzymology, metabolic physiology, organismal performance, evolutionary biology, and phylogeography.
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36
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Sen A, Gurdziel K, Liu J, Qu W, Nuga OO, Burl RB, Hüttemann M, Pique-Regi R, Ruden DM. Smooth, an hnRNP-L Homolog, Might Decrease Mitochondrial Metabolism by Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (Idh) and Other Metabolic Genes in the Sub-Acute Phase of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Genet 2017; 8:175. [PMID: 29187863 PMCID: PMC5694756 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause persistent pathological alteration of neurons. This may lead to cognitive dysfunction, depression and increased susceptibility to life threatening diseases, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. To investigate the underlying genetic and molecular basis of TBI, we subjected w1118Drosophila melanogaster to mild closed head trauma and found that mitochondrial activity is reduced in the brains of these flies 24 h after inflicting trauma. To determine the transcriptomic changes after mild TBI, we collected fly heads 24 h after inflicting trauma, and performed RNA-seq analyses. Classification of alternative splicing changes showed selective retention (RI) of long introns (>81 bps), with a mean size of ~3,000 nucleotides. Some of the genes containing RI showed a significant reduction in transcript abundance and are involved in mitochondrial metabolism such as Isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh), which makes α-KG, a co-factor needed for both DNA and histone demethylase enzymes. The long introns are enriched in CA-rich motifs known to bind to Smooth (Sm), a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP-L) class of splicing factor, which has been shown to interact with the H3K36 histone methyltransferase, SET2, and to be involved in intron retention in human cells. H3K36me3 is a histone mark that demarcates exons in genes by interacting with the mRNA splicing machinery. Mutating sm (sm4/Df) resulted in loss of both basal and induced levels of RI in many of the same long-intron containing genes. Reducing the levels of Kdm4A, the H3K36me3 histone demethylase, also resulted in loss of basal levels of RI in many of the same long-intron containing genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) for H3K36me3 revealed increased levels of this histone modification in retained introns post-trauma at CA-rich motifs. Based on these results, we propose a model in which TBI temporarily decreases mitochondrial activity in the brain 24 h after inflicting trauma, which decreases α-KG levels, and increases H3K36me3 levels and intron retention of long introns by decreasing Kdm4A activity. The consequent reduction in mature mRNA levels in metabolism genes, such as Idh, further reduces α-KG levels in a negative feedback loop. We further propose that decreasing metabolism after TBI in such a manner is a protective mechanism that gives the brain time to repair cellular damage induced by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Sen
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wen Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Oluwademi O Nuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Rayanne B Burl
- C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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37
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Ramzan R, Schaper AK, Weber P, Rhiel A, Siddiq MS, Vogt S. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase is inhibited by ATP only at very high ATP/ADP ratios. Biol Chem 2017; 398:737-750. [PMID: 27926476 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the past, divergent results have been reported based on different methods and conditions used for enzymatic activity measurements of cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx). Here, we analyze in detail and show comparable and reproducible polarographic activity measurements of ATP-dependent inhibition of CytOx kinetics in intact and non-intact rat heart mitochondria and mitoplasts. We found that this mechanism is always present in isolated rat heart mitochondria and mitoplasts; however, it is measurable only at high ATP/ADP ratios using optimal protein concentrations. In the kinetics assay, measurement of this mechanism is independent of presence or absence of Tween-20 and the composition of measuring buffer. Furthermore, the effect of atractyloside on intact rat heart mitochondria confirms that (i) ATP inhibition occurs under uncoupled conditions [in the presence of carbonly cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP)] when the classical respiratory control is absent and (ii) high ATP/ADP ratios in the matrix as well as in the cytosolic space are required for full ATP inhibition of CytOx. Additionally, ATP inhibition measured in intact mitochondria extends in the presence of oligomycin, thus indicating further that the problem to measure the inhibitory effect of ATP on CytOx is apparently due to the lack of very high ATP/ADP ratios in isolated mitochondria.
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38
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Sepuri NBV, Angireddy R, Srinivasan S, Guha M, Spear J, Lu B, Anandatheerthavarada HK, Suzuki CK, Avadhani NG. Mitochondrial LON protease-dependent degradation of cytochrome c oxidase subunits under hypoxia and myocardial ischemia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:519-528. [PMID: 28442264 PMCID: PMC5507603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP dependent matrix protease, Lon, is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA nucleoids and degradation of abnormal or misfolded proteins. The Lon protease regulates mitochondrial Tfam (mitochondrial transcription factor A) level and thus modulates mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. We have previously shown that hypoxic stress induces the PKA-dependent phosphorylation of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) subunits I, IVi1, and Vb and a time-dependent reduction of these subunits in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages subjected to hypoxia and rabbit hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. Here, we show that Lon is involved in the preferential turnover of phosphorylated CcO subunits under hypoxic/ischemic stress. Induction of Lon protease occurs at 6 to 12 h of hypoxia and this increase coincides with lower CcO subunit contents. Over-expression of flag-tagged wild type and phosphorylation site mutant Vb and IVi1 subunits (S40A and T52A, respectively) caused marked degradation of wild type protein under hypoxia while the mutant proteins were relatively resistant. Furthermore, the recombinant purified Lon protease degraded the phosphorylated IVi1 and Vb subunits, while the phosphorylation-site mutant proteins were resistant to degradation. 3D structural modeling shows that the phosphorylation sites are exposed to the matrix compartment, accessible to matrix PKA and Lon protease. Hypoxic stress did not alter CcO subunit levels in Lon depleted cells, confirming its role in CcO turnover. Our results therefore suggest that Lon preferentially degrades the phosphorylated subunits of CcO and plays a role in the regulation of CcO activity in hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh B V Sepuri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA
| | - Rajesh Angireddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA
| | - Satish Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA
| | - Manti Guha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA
| | - Joseph Spear
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers The State University, New Jersey Medical School, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 17103-3535, USA
| | - Hindupur K Anandatheerthavarada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA
| | - Carolyn K Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers The State University, New Jersey Medical School, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 17103-3535, USA
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6009, USA.
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Tissue- and Condition-Specific Isoforms of Mammalian Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunits: From Function to Human Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1534056. [PMID: 28593021 PMCID: PMC5448071 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1534056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain and catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen. COX consists of 14 subunits, three and eleven encoded, respectively, by the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Tissue- and condition-specific isoforms have only been reported for COX but not for the other oxidative phosphorylation complexes, suggesting a fundamental requirement to fine-tune and regulate the essentially irreversible reaction catalyzed by COX. This article briefly discusses the assembly of COX in mammals and then reviews the functions of the six nuclear-encoded COX subunits that are expressed as isoforms in specialized tissues including those of the liver, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, and testes: COX IV-1, COX IV-2, NDUFA4, NDUFA4L2, COX VIaL, COX VIaH, COX VIb-1, COX VIb-2, COX VIIaH, COX VIIaL, COX VIIaR, COX VIIIH/L, and COX VIII-3. We propose a model in which the isoforms mediate the interconnected regulation of COX by (1) adjusting basal enzyme activity to mitochondrial capacity of a given tissue; (2) allosteric regulation to adjust energy production to need; (3) altering proton pumping efficiency under certain conditions, contributing to thermogenesis; (4) providing a platform for tissue-specific signaling; (5) stabilizing the COX dimer; and (6) modulating supercomplex formation.
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40
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Nowak G, Takacsova-Bakajsova D, Megyesi J. Deletion of protein kinase C-ε attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorates ischemic renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F109-F120. [PMID: 27760765 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00115.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we documented that activation of protein kinase C-ε (PKC-ε) mediates mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC). This study tested whether deletion of PKC-ε decreases dysfunction of renal cortical mitochondria and improves kidney function after renal ischemia. PKC-ε levels in mitochondria of ischemic kidneys increased 24 h after ischemia. Complex I- and complex II-coupled state 3 respirations were reduced 44 and 27%, respectively, in wild-type (WT) but unchanged and increased in PKC-ε-deficient (KO) mice after ischemia. Respiratory control ratio coupled to glutamate/malate oxidation decreased 50% in WT but not in KO mice. Activities of complexes I, III, and IV were decreased 59, 89, and 61%, respectively, in WT but not in KO ischemic kidneys. Proteomics revealed increases in levels of ATP synthase (α-subunit), complexes I and III, cytochrome oxidase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase after ischemia in KO but not in WT animals. PKC-ε deletion prevented ischemia-induced increases in oxidant production. Plasma creatinine levels increased 12-fold in WT and 3-fold in KO ischemic mice. PKC-ε deletion reduced tubular necrosis, brush border loss, and distal segment damage in ischemic kidneys. PKC-ε activation in hypoxic RPTC in primary culture exacerbated, whereas PKC-ε inhibition reduced, decreases in: 1) complex I- and complex II-coupled state 3 respirations and 2) activities of complexes I, III, and IV. We conclude that PKC-ε activation mediates 1) dysfunction of complexes I and III of the respiratory chain, 2) oxidant production, 3) morphological damage to the kidney, and 4) decreases in renal functions after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Diana Takacsova-Bakajsova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and
| | - Judit Megyesi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Levy RJ. Carbon monoxide and anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 60:50-58. [PMID: 27616667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of commonly used anesthetic agents induce widespread neuronal degeneration in the developing mammalian brain. Downstream, the process appears to involve activation of the oxidative stress-associated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Targeting this pathway could result in prevention of anesthetic toxicity in the immature brain. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas that exerts biological activity in the developing brain and low dose exposures have the potential to provide neuroprotection. In recent work, low concentration CO exposures limited isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in newborn mice and modulated oxidative stress within forebrain mitochondria. Because infants and children are routinely exposed to low levels of CO during low-flow general endotracheal anesthesia, such anti-oxidant and pro-survival cellular effects are clinically relevant. Here we provide an overview of anesthesia-related CO exposure, discuss the biological activity of low concentration CO, detail the effects of CO in the brain during development, and provide evidence for CO-mediated inhibition of anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, United States.
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42
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COX7AR is a Stress-inducible Mitochondrial COX Subunit that Promotes Breast Cancer Malignancy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31742. [PMID: 27550821 PMCID: PMC4994049 DOI: 10.1038/srep31742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, plays a key role in regulating mitochondrial energy production and cell survival. COX subunit VIIa polypeptide 2-like protein (COX7AR) is a novel COX subunit that was recently found to be involved in mitochondrial supercomplex assembly and mitochondrial respiration activity. Here, we report that COX7AR is expressed in high energy-demanding tissues, such as brain, heart, liver, and aggressive forms of human breast cancer cells. Under cellular stress that stimulates energy metabolism, COX7AR is induced and incorporated into the mitochondrial COX complex. Functionally, COX7AR promotes cellular energy production in human mammary epithelial cells. Gain- and loss-of-function analysis demonstrates that COX7AR is required for human breast cancer cells to maintain higher rates of proliferation, clone formation, and invasion. In summary, our study revealed that COX7AR is a stress-inducible mitochondrial COX subunit that facilitates human breast cancer malignancy. These findings have important implications in the understanding and treatment of human breast cancer and the diseases associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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43
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Vogt S, Rhiel A, Weber P, Ramzan R. Revisiting Kadenbach: Electron flux rate through cytochrome c-oxidase determines the ATP-inhibitory effect and subsequent production of ROS. Bioessays 2016; 38:556-67. [PMID: 27171124 PMCID: PMC5084804 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration is the predominant source of ATP. Excessive rates of electron transport cause a higher production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). There are two regulatory mechanisms known. The first, according to Mitchel, is dependent on the mitochondrial membrane potential that drives ATP synthase for ATP production, and the second, the Kadenbach mechanism, is focussed on the binding of ATP to Cytochrome c Oxidase (CytOx) at high ATP/ADP ratios, which results in an allosteric conformational change to CytOx, causing inhibition. In times of stress, ATP-dependent inhibition is switched off and the activity of CytOx is exclusively determined by the membrane potential, leading to an increase in ROS production. The second mechanism for respiratory control depends on the quantity of electron transfer to the Heme aa3 of CytOx. When ATP is bound to CytOx the enzyme is inhibited, and ROS formation is decreased, although the mitochondrial membrane potential is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vogt
- Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Research CenterPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Annika Rhiel
- Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Research CenterPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Petra Weber
- Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Research CenterPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Rabia Ramzan
- Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Research CenterPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
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Abstract
Many environmental conditions can constrain the ability of animals to obtain sufficient food energy, or transform that food energy into useful chemical forms. To survive extended periods under such conditions animals must suppress metabolic rate to conserve energy, water, or oxygen. Amongst small endotherms, this metabolic suppression is accompanied by and, in some cases, facilitated by a decrease in core body temperature-hibernation or daily torpor-though significant metabolic suppression can be achieved even with only modest cooling. Within some ectotherms, winter metabolic suppression exceeds the passive effects of cooling. During dry seasons, estivating ectotherms can reduce metabolism without changes in body temperature, conserving energy reserves, and reducing gas exchange and its inevitable loss of water vapor. This overview explores the similarities and differences of metabolic suppression among these states within adult animals (excluding developmental diapause), and integrates levels of organization from the whole animal to the genome, where possible. Several similarities among these states are highlighted, including patterns and regulation of metabolic balance, fuel use, and mitochondrial metabolism. Differences among models are also apparent, particularly in whether the metabolic suppression is intrinsic to the tissue or depends on the whole-animal response. While in these hypometabolic states, tissues from many animals are tolerant of hypoxia/anoxia, ischemia/reperfusion, and disuse. These natural models may, therefore, serve as valuable and instructive models for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Marquez J, Lee SR, Kim N, Han J. Post-Translational Modifications of Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease: Not Lost in Translation. Korean Circ J 2016; 46:1-12. [PMID: 26798379 PMCID: PMC4720839 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.46.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in regulating cellular biology by playing key roles in processes such as the rapid on and off switching of signaling network and the regulation of enzymatic activities without affecting gene expressions. PTMs lead to conformational changes in the tertiary structure of protein and resultant regulation of protein function such as activation, inhibition, or signaling roles. PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and S-nitrosylation of specific sites in proteins have key roles in regulation of mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the progression to heart failure. Despite the extensive study of PTMs in mitochondrial proteins much remains unclear. Further research is yet to be undertaken to elucidate how changes in the proteins may lead to cardiovascular and metabolic disease progression in particular. We aimed to summarize the various types of PTMs that occur in mitochondrial proteins, which might be associated with heart failure. This study will increase the understanding of cardiovascular diseases through PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubert Marquez
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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46
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He H, Huh J, Wang H, Kang Y, Lou J, Xu Z. Mitochondrial events responsible for morphine's cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 290:66-73. [PMID: 26631580 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Morphine may induce cardioprotection by targeting mitochondria, but little is known about the exact mitochondrial events that mediate morphine's protection. We aimed to address the role of the mitochondrial Src tyrosine kinase in morphine's protection. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min ischemia and 2h of reperfusion. Morphine was given before the onset of ischemia. Infarct size and troponin I release were measured to evaluate cardiac injury. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring mitochondrial protein carbonylation and mitochondrial ROS generation. HL-1 cells were subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion and LDH release and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured. Morphine reduced infarct size as well as cardiac troponin I release which were aborted by the selective Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors PP2 and Src-I1. Morphine also attenuated LDH release and prevented a loss of ΔΨm at reperfusion in a Src tyrosine kinase dependent manner in HL-1 cells. However, morphine failed to reduce LDH release in HL-1 cells transfected with Src siRNA. Morphine increased mitochondrial Src phosphorylation at reperfusion and this was abrogated by PP2. Morphine attenuated mitochondrial protein carbonylation and mitochondrial superoxide generation at reperfusion through Src tyrosine kinase. The inhibitory effect of morphine on the mitochondrial complex I activity was reversed by PP2. These data suggest that morphine induces cardioprotection by preventing mitochondrial oxidative stress through mitochondrial Src tyrosine kinase. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I at reperfusion by Src tyrosine kinase may account for the prevention of mitochondrial oxidative stress by morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan He
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jin Huh
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Medical College, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon City, Korea
| | - Huihua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jianshi Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
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Shen YA, Wang CY, Hsieh YT, Chen YJ, Wei YH. Metabolic reprogramming orchestrates cancer stem cell properties in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:86-98. [PMID: 25483072 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.974419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation of tumor cells endowed with self-renewal capacity and are considered as an underlying cause of tumor recurrence and metastasis. The metabolic signatures of CSCs and the mechanisms involved in the regulation of their stem cell-like properties still remain elusive. We utilized nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CSCs as a model to dissect their metabolic signatures and found that CSCs underwent metabolic shift and mitochondrial resetting distinguished from their differentiated counterparts. In metabolic shift, CSCs showed a greater reliance on glycolysis for energy supply compared with the parental cells. In mitochondrial resetting, the quantity and function of mitochondria of CSCs were modulated by the biogenesis of the organelles, and the round-shaped mitochondria were distributed in a peri-nuclear manner similar to those seen in the stem cells. In addition, we blocked the glycolytic pathway, increased the ROS levels, and depolarized mitochondrial membranes of CSCs, respectively, and examined the effects of these metabolic factors on CSC properties. Intriguingly, the properties of CSCs were curbed when we redirected the quintessential metabolic reprogramming, which indicates that the plasticity of energy metabolism regulated the balance between acquisition and loss of the stemness status. Taken together, we suggest that metabolic reprogramming is critical for CSCs to sustain self-renewal, deter from differentiation and enhance the antioxidant defense mechanism. Characterization of metabolic reprogramming governing CSC properties is paramount to the design of novel therapeutic strategies through metabolic intervention of CSCs.
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Key Words
- ATP6, ATP synthase 6
- COX, cytochrome c oxidase
- Cu/ZnSOD, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase
- GLUT1, glucose transporter 1
- GPI, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- HK, hexokinase
- MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase
- ND1, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PDK, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α
- POLG, mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- cancer stem cells
- metabolic reprogramming
- metabolic shift
- mitochondrial membrane potential
- mitochondrial resetting
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- reactive oxygen species
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-An Shen
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ; Taipei , Taiwan
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48
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Cheng Y, Mitchell-Flack MJ, Wang A, Levy RJ. Carbon monoxide modulates cytochrome oxidase activity and oxidative stress in the developing murine brain during isoflurane exposure. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:191-9. [PMID: 26032170 PMCID: PMC4568063 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Commonly used anesthetics induce widespread neuronal degeneration in the developing mammalian brain via the oxidative-stress-associated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Dysregulation of cytochrome oxidase (CcOX), the terminal oxidase of the electron transport chain, can result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Isoflurane has previously been shown to activate this enzyme. Carbon monoxide (CO), as a modulator of CcOX, is of interest because infants and children are routinely exposed to CO during low-flow anesthesia. We have recently demonstrated that low concentrations of CO limit and prevent isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in the forebrains of newborn mice in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of CO on CcOX in the context of anesthetic-induced oxidative stress is unknown. Seven-day-old male CD-1 mice underwent 1h exposure to 0 (air), 5, or 100ppm CO in air with or without isoflurane. Exposure to isoflurane or CO independently increased CcOX kinetic activity and increased ROS within forebrain mitochondria. However, exposure to CO combined with isoflurane paradoxically limited CcOX activation and oxidative stress. There were no changes seen in steady-state levels of CcOX I protein, indicating post-translational modification of CcOX as an etiology for changes in enzyme activity. CO exposure led to differential effects on CcOX subunit I tyrosine phosphorylation depending on concentration, while combined exposure to isoflurane with CO markedly increased the enzyme phosphorylation state. Phosphorylation of tyrosine 304 of CcOX subunit I has been shown to result in strong enzyme inhibition, and the relative reduction in CcOX kinetics following exposure to CO combined with isoflurane may have been due, in part, to such phosphorylation. Taken together, the data suggest that CO modulates CcOX in the developing brain during isoflurane exposure, thereby limiting oxidative stress. These CO-mediated effects could have implications for the development of low-flow anesthesia in infants and children to prevent anesthesia-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Division of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences
| | - Marisa J Mitchell-Flack
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 622W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 622W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 622W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Rudge SA, Wakelam MJO. Phosphatidylinositolphosphate phosphatase activities and cancer. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:176-92. [PMID: 26302980 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r059154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways mediates the actions of a plethora of hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters upon their target cells following receptor occupation. Overactivation of these pathways has been implicated in a number of pathologies, in particular a range of malignancies. The tight regulation of signaling pathways necessitates the involvement of both stimulatory and terminating enzymes; inappropriate activation of a pathway can thus result from activation or inhibition of the two signaling arms. The focus of this review is to discuss, in detail, the activities of the identified families of phosphoinositide phosphatase expressed in humans, and how they regulate the levels of phosphoinositides implicated in promoting malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Rudge
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J O Wakelam
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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50
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Kadenbach B, Hüttemann M. The subunit composition and function of mammalian cytochrome c oxidase. Mitochondrion 2015; 24:64-76. [PMID: 26190566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) from mammals and birds is composed of 13 subunits. The three catalytic subunits I-III are encoded by mitochondrial DNA, the ten nuclear-coded subunits (IV, Va, Vb, VIa, VIb, VIc, VIIa, VIIb, VIIc, VIII) by nuclear DNA. The nuclear-coded subunits are essentially involved in the regulation of oxygen consumption and proton translocation by COX, since their removal or modification changes the activity and their mutation causes mitochondrial diseases. Respiration, the basis for ATP synthesis in mitochondria, is differently regulated in organs and species by expression of tissue-, developmental-, and species-specific isoforms for COX subunits IV, VIa, VIb, VIIa, VIIb, and VIII, but the holoenzyme in mammals is always composed of 13 subunits. Various proteins and enzymes were shown, e.g., by co-immunoprecipitation, to bind to specific COX subunits and modify its activity, but these interactions are reversible, in contrast to the tightly bound 13 subunits. In addition, the formation of supercomplexes with other oxidative phosphorylation complexes has been shown to be largely variable. The regulatory complexity of COX is increased by protein phosphorylation. Up to now 18 phosphorylation sites have been identified under in vivo conditions in mammals. However, only for a few phosphorylation sites and four nuclear-coded subunits could a specific function be identified. Research on the signaling pathways leading to specific COX phosphorylations remains a great challenge for understanding the regulation of respiration and ATP synthesis in mammalian organisms. This article reviews the function of the individual COX subunits and their isoforms, as well as proteins and small molecules interacting and regulating the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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