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Guryanova SV, Balandin SV, Belogurova-Ovchinnikova OY, Ovchinnikova TV. Marine Invertebrate Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Potential as Novel Peptide Antibiotics. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:503. [PMID: 37888438 PMCID: PMC10608444 DOI: 10.3390/md21100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates constantly interact with a wide range of microorganisms in their aquatic environment and possess an effective defense system that has enabled their existence for millions of years. Their lack of acquired immunity sets marine invertebrates apart from other marine animals. Invertebrates could rely on their innate immunity, providing the first line of defense, survival, and thriving. The innate immune system of marine invertebrates includes various biologically active compounds, and specifically, antimicrobial peptides. Nowadays, there is a revive of interest in these peptides due to the urgent need to discover novel drugs against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, a pressing global concern in modern healthcare. Modern technologies offer extensive possibilities for the development of innovative drugs based on these compounds, which can act against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. This review focuses on structural peculiarities, biological functions, gene expression, biosynthesis, mechanisms of antimicrobial action, regulatory activities, and prospects for the therapeutic use of antimicrobial peptides derived from marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Guryanova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.G.); (S.V.B.)
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Balandin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.G.); (S.V.B.)
| | | | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.G.); (S.V.B.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia;
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Saucedo-Vázquez JP, Gushque F, Vispo NS, Rodriguez J, Gudiño-Gomezjurado ME, Albericio F, Tellkamp MP, Alexis F. Marine Arthropods as a Source of Antimicrobial Peptides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:501. [PMID: 36005504 PMCID: PMC9409781 DOI: 10.3390/md20080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide therapeutics play a key role in the development of new medical treatments. The traditional focus on endogenous peptides has shifted from first discovering other natural sources of these molecules, to later synthesizing those with unique bioactivities. This review provides concise information concerning antimicrobial peptides derived from marine crustaceans for the development of new therapeutics. Marine arthropods do not have an adaptive immune system, and therefore, they depend on the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with unique characteristics are a pivotal part of the defense systems of these organisms. This review covers topics such as the diversity and distribution of peptides in marine arthropods (crustacea and chelicerata), with a focus on penaeid shrimps. The following aspects are covered: the defense system; classes of AMPs; molecular characteristics of AMPs; AMP synthesis; the role of penaeidins, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors, crustins, and stylicins against microorganisms; and the use of AMPs as therapeutic drugs. This review seeks to provide a useful compilation of the most recent information regarding AMPs from marine crustaceans, and describes the future potential applications of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Saucedo-Vázquez
- CATS Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador;
| | - Fernando Gushque
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (F.G.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (F.G.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Jenny Rodriguez
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador;
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil 090708, Ecuador
| | - Marco Esteban Gudiño-Gomezjurado
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (F.G.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus P. Tellkamp
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (F.G.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Frank Alexis
- Politecnico, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador
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Abidin Z, Huang HT, Liao ZH, Chen BY, Wu YS, Lin YJ, Nan FH. Moringa oleifera Leaves' Extract Enhances Nonspecific Immune Responses, Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus, and Growth in Whiteleg Shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei). Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010042. [PMID: 35011148 PMCID: PMC8749943 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study found that moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves’ water extract triggered phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic rate, and superoxide anion production in whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) hemocytes by an in vitro assay. By an in vivo assay, a dietary moringa extract enhanced the total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic rate, immune-related gene expressions, and growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp. The administration of dietary moringa extract increased the survival rate after challenging the whiteleg shrimp with Vibrio alginolyticus. Abstract Moringa is widely known as a plant with high medicinal properties. Therefore, moringa has a high potential for use as an immunostimulant in shrimp. This study investigated the effect of a moringa water extract on the immune response, resistance against V. alginolyticus, and growth performance of whiteleg shrimp. To perform the in vitro assay, hemocytes were incubated with different concentrations of the moringa extract. Furthermore, the moringa extract was incorporated at 0 (control), 1.25 g (ME1.25), 2.5 g (ME2.5), and 5.0 g (ME5.0) per kg of diet for the in vivo assay. During the rearing period, immune responses, namely the total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production, and immune-related gene expression were examined on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Growth performance was measured 60 days after the feeding period. Furthermore, the shrimp were challenged with V. alginolyticus after being fed for different feeding durations. The results of the in vitro assay revealed that 100–250 ppm of the moringa extract enhanced the PO activity, phagocytic rate (PR), and superoxide anion production. The findings of the in vivo assay demonstrated that the THC, PO activity, PR, and immune-related gene expression, including alpha-2-macroglobulin, prophenoloxidase II, penaeidin2, penaeidin3, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, crustin, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and clotting protein, were higher in the group of ME.25 and ME5.0 than in the control and ME1.25 at several time points. Growth performance was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the ME2.5 group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the dietary ME2.5 resulted in a higher survival rate compared to that of the control group after challenging with V. alginolyticus, especially at ME2.5 administered for 4 and 7 days. This study indicated that the incorporation of the moringa extract at 2.5 g per kg of diet enhanced the immune response, the growth performance of the whiteleg shrimp, and the resistance against V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaenal Abidin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (Z.A.); (H.-T.H.); (Z.-H.L.); (B.-Y.C.)
| | - Huai-Ting Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (Z.A.); (H.-T.H.); (Z.-H.L.); (B.-Y.C.)
| | - Zhen-Hao Liao
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (Z.A.); (H.-T.H.); (Z.-H.L.); (B.-Y.C.)
| | - Bo-Ying Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (Z.A.); (H.-T.H.); (Z.-H.L.); (B.-Y.C.)
| | - Yu-Sheng Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Xue-Fu Road, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xing-Da Road, South District, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (Z.A.); (H.-T.H.); (Z.-H.L.); (B.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-24622192 (ext. 2910)
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Moe MK, Haug T, Sydnes MO, Sperstad SV, Li C, Vaagsfjord LC, de la Vega E, Stensvåg K. Paralithocins, Antimicrobial Peptides with Unusual Disulfide Connectivity from the Red King Crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:140-150. [PMID: 29338238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing exploration of marine invertebrates as a source of new antimicrobial peptides, hemocyte extracts from the red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, were studied. Three cationic cysteine (Cys)-rich peptides, named paralithocins 1-3, were isolated by bioassay-guided purification, and their amino acid sequences determined by Edman degradation and expressed sequences tag analysis. Disulfide bond mapping was performed by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The peptides (38-51 amino acids in length) share a unique Cys motif composed of eight Cys, forming four disulfide bridges with a bond connectivity of (Cys relative position) Cys1-Cys8, Cys2-Cys6, Cys3-Cys5, and Cys4-Cys7, a disulfide arrangement that has not been previously reported among antimicrobial peptides. Thus, paralithocins 1-3 may be assigned to a previously unknown family of antimicrobial peptides within the group of Cys-rich antimicrobial peptides. Although none of the isolated peptides displayed antimicrobial activity against the target strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Staphylococcus aureus, they inhibited the growth of several marine bacterial strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations in the 12.5-100 μM range. These findings corroborate the hypothesis that marine organisms are a valuable source for discovering bioactive peptides with new structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten K Moe
- Multidiciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital (Ahus) , NO-1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tor Haug
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- Biomiljø, International Research Institute of Stavanger , Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger , NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sigmund V Sperstad
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Chun Li
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lena C Vaagsfjord
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Enrique de la Vega
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina , 221 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Klara Stensvåg
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway , Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina , 221 Ft. Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
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Shan Z, Zhu K, Peng H, Chen B, Liu J, Chen F, Ma X, Wang S, Qiao K, Wang K. The New Antimicrobial Peptide SpHyastatin from the Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain with Multiple Antimicrobial Mechanisms and High Effect on Bacterial Infection. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1140. [PMID: 27493644 PMCID: PMC4954822 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SpHyastatin was first identified as a new cationic antimicrobial peptide in hemocytes of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Based on the amino acid sequences deduced, it was predicted that this peptide was composed of two different functional domains, a proline-rich domain (PRD) and a cysteine-rich domain (CRD). The recombinant product of SpHyastatin displayed potent antimicrobial activities against the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and the aquatic animal pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Compared with the CRD of SpHyastatin, the PRD presented better antimicrobial and chitin binding activities, but both regions were essential for allowing SpHyastatin complete antimicrobial activity. The binding properties of SpHyastatin to different microbial surface molecules suggested that this might be an initial and crucial step for performing its antimicrobial activities. Evaluated using propidium iodide uptake assays and scanning electron microscopy images, the antimicrobial mechanism of SpHyastatin was found to be prone to disrupt cell membrane integrity. Interestingly, SpHyastatin exerted its role specifically on the surface of S. aureus and Pichia pastoris whereas it directly killed P. fluorescens through simultaneous targeting the membrane and the cytoplasm, indicating that SpHyastatin could use different antimicrobial mechanisms to kill different species of microbes. As expected, the recombinant SpHyastatin increased the survival rate of crabs challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In addition, SpHyastatin could modulate some V. parahaemolyticus-responsive genes in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguo Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Kexin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
| | - Bei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
| | - Xiaowan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
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Balandin SV, Ovchinnikova TV. Antimicrobial peptides of invertebrates. Part 1. structure, biosynthesis, and evolution. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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An MY, Gao J, Zhao XF, Wang JX. A new subfamily of penaeidin with an additional serine-rich region from kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) contributes to antimicrobial and phagocytic activities. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:186-198. [PMID: 26855016 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Penaeidins are an important family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in penaeid shrimp. To date, five groups of penaeidins have been identified in penaeid shrimp. All are composed of a proline-rich N-terminus and a C-terminus containing six cysteine residues engaged in three disulfide bridges. In this study, a new type of penaeidin from Marsupenaeus japonicus was identified. The full-length penaeidin contains a unique serine-rich region and a penaeidin domain, which consists of a proline-rich region and a cysteine-rich region. Here, we classify all penaeidins into two subfamilies. All reported penaeidins are in subfamily I, and the new penaeidin identified in M. japonicus is designated as Penaeidin subfamily II (MjPen-II). MjPen-II was expressed in hemocytes, heart, hepatopancreas, gills, stomach and intestine, and was upregulated after bacterial challenge. A liquid bacteriostatic assay showed that MjPen-II had antibacterial activity to some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MjPen-II could bind to bacteria by binding to polysaccharides on the surface of bacteria, thus promoting bacterial agglutination. The serine-rich region enhanced the agglutination activity of MjPen-II. The proline-rich domain had a stronger bacterial-binding activity and polysaccharide-binding activity than the cysteine-rich domain. MjPen-II was also found to be involved in the phagocytosis of bacteria and efficiently improved the phagocytosis rate. Therefore, MjPen-II eliminates bacteria through direct bacterial inhibition as well as by promoting phagocytosis in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
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8
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Liu HT, Wang J, Mao Y, Liu M, Niu SF, Qiao Y, Su YQ, Wang CZ, Zheng ZP. Identification and expression analysis of a novel stylicin antimicrobial peptide from Kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:817-23. [PMID: 26439413 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system and function as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. In current study we identified, cloned and characterized a novel stylicin AMP from Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus (Mj-sty). The full-length cDNA of Mj-sty was 428 bp with an open reading frame of 315 bp that encoded 104 amino acids. The theoretical molecular mass of mature Mj-sty was 8.693 kDa with an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.79. A proline-rich N-terminal region and a C-terminal region contained 13 cysteine residues were identified. Genomic sequence analysis with respect to its cDNA showed that Mj-sty was organized into two exons interrupted by one intron. Tissue-specific expression revealed that Mj-sty was mainly transcribed in gills and hemocytes. Expression of Mj-sty in early developmental stages demonstrated that Mj-sty mRNA were present from fertilized eggs to post-larvae of 17 days (PL17), and the expression levels showed a significant variation in different developmental stages. After challenge of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the time-dependent expression pattern of Mj-sty in both gills and hepatopancrease showed down-regulation at the early hours of infection, subsequently up-regulation and down-regulation, and then up-regulation at the end hours to almost the half of the controls. The results indicate that Mj-sty is potentially involved in the ontogenesis and immune responses against WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences (Xiamen University), Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences (Xiamen University), Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences (Xiamen University), Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences (Xiamen University), Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Su-fang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences (Xiamen University), Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences (Xiamen University), Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yong-quan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences (Xiamen University), Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Chun-zhong Wang
- Putian Tian-ran-xing Agricultural Development Co. Ltd., Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Zhi-peng Zheng
- Putian Tian-ran-xing Agricultural Development Co. Ltd., Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
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9
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Wang XW, Wang JX. Crustacean hemolymph microbiota: Endemic, tightly controlled, and utilization expectable. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:404-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Molecular Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Analysis of Two Novel Penaeidin Isoforms from Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1607-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Yu P, Gu H. Bioactive substances from marine fishes, shrimps, and algae and their functions: present and future. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 55:1114-36. [PMID: 24915345 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.686933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Marine fishes, shrimps, and algae have many important bioactive substances, such as peptides, unsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, trace elements, and natural pigments. The introduction of these substances contributes to a significant improvement in developing them in final processed products. In fact, the knowledge of these bioactive substances has experienced a rapid increase in the past 20 years and prompted the relevant technological revolution with a decisive contribution to the final application. The purpose of this review was to introduce critically and comprehensively the present knowledge of these bioactive substances and pointed out their future developmental situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- a College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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12
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Wang XW, Xu JD, Zhao XF, Vasta GR, Wang JX. A shrimp C-type lectin inhibits proliferation of the hemolymph microbiota by maintaining the expression of antimicrobial peptides. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11779-11790. [PMID: 24619414 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.552307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Some aquatic invertebrates such as shrimp contain low albeit stable numbers of bacteria in the circulating hemolymph. The proliferation of this hemolymph microbiota in such a nutrient-rich environment is tightly controlled in healthy animals, but the mechanisms responsible had remained elusive. In the present study, we report a C-type lectin (MjHeCL) from the kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) that participates in restraining the hemolymph microbiota. Although the expression of MjHeCL did not seem to be modulated by bacterial challenge, the down-regulation of its expression by RNA interference led to proliferation of the hemolymph microbiota, ultimately resulting in shrimp death. This phenotype was rescued by the injection of recombinant MjHeCL, which restored the healthy status of the knockdown shrimp. A mechanistic analysis revealed that MjHeCL inhibited bacterial proliferation by modulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides. The key function of MjHeCL in the shrimp immune homeostasis might be related to its broader recognition spectrum of the hemolymph microbiota components than other lectins. Our study demonstrates the role of MjHeCL in maintaining the healthy status of shrimp and provides new insight into the biological significance of C-type lectins, a diversified and abundant lectin family in invertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ji-Dong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Gerardo Raul Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland 21202
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
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13
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van der Weerden NL, Bleackley MR, Anderson MA. Properties and mechanisms of action of naturally occurring antifungal peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3545-70. [PMID: 23381653 PMCID: PMC11114075 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are a vital component of the innate immune system of all eukaryotic organisms and many of these peptides have potent antifungal activity. They have potential application in the control of fungal pathogens that are a serious threat to both human health and food security. Development of antifungal peptides as therapeutics requires an understanding of their mechanism of action on fungal cells. To date, most research on antimicrobial peptides has focused on their activity against bacteria. Several antimicrobial peptides specifically target fungal cells and are not active against bacteria. Others with broader specificity often have different mechanisms of action against bacteria and fungi. This review focuses on the mechanism of action of naturally occurring antifungal peptides from a diverse range of sources including plants, mammals, amphibians, insects, crabs, spiders, and fungi. While antimicrobial peptides were originally proposed to act via membrane permeabilization, the mechanism of antifungal activity for these peptides is generally more complex and often involves entry of the peptide into the cell.
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14
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Structural and functional studies on a proline-rich peptide isolated from swine saliva endowed with antifungal activity towards Cryptococcus neoformans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1828:1066-74. [PMID: 23274276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A proline-rich peptide of 2733Da, isolated from pig parotid granule preparations was tested against different pathogenic fungi. It showed interesting antifungal activity towards a clinical isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans, with an EC(50) of 2.2μM. Neither cytotoxic nor haemolytic effects were observed towards mammalian cells. Circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopic studies showed that the peptide adopted a combination of polyproline type-II, β-turn and unordered conformations at physiological temperatures. Temperature dependent experiments evidenced a tendency to adopt a polyproline-II helix conformation. From experiments with lipid vesicles, Neutral Red Uptake (NRU), haemolytic assays, and confocal microscopy studies, it could be hypothesized that the peptide may exert its antifungal effect by interacting with an intracellular target rather than through membrane damage.
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15
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Shanthi S, Vaseeharan B. cDNA cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a novel antimicrobial peptide gene penaeidin-3 (Fi-Pen3) from the haemocytes of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Microbiol Res 2012; 167:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Vaseeharan B, Shanthi S, Chen JC, Espiñeira M. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of Fein-Penaeidin from the haemocytes of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 2:35-43. [PMID: 24371565 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Penaeidins are members of a special family of antimicrobial peptide existing in penaeid shrimp and play an important role in the immunological defense of shrimp. Here, we report a penaeidin sequence cloned from the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaus indicus (Fein-Penaeidin). The Fein-Penaeidin open reading frame encodes a 77 amino acid peptide including a 19 amino acid signal peptide. The deduced amino acid sequences of Fein-Penaeidin include a proline rich N-terminal domain and a carboxyl-domain that contains six cysteine residues. Structural analysis revealed an alpha-helix in its secondary structure and the predicted 3D structure indicated two-disulphide bridges in the alpha-helix. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison with other known peaneidin suggest the gene shows high similarity to that of penaeidin from Peneaus monodon (95%), F. indicus (80%) and Fenneropenaeus chinensis (74%). Fein-Penaeidin was examined in normal and microbial challenged shrimp and was found to be constitutively expressed in haemocytes, Heart, gills, muscles, intestine, hepatopancreas and eyestalk. Bacterial challenge resulted in mRNA up-regulation, inducing expression at 6 h post injection indicating the penaeidin involved in the innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathappan Shanthi
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jiann-Chu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, 202, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Montserrat Espiñeira
- Department of Area of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Vigo, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain
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17
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Zhou M, Hu Q, Li Z, Li D, Chen CF, Luo H. Expression of a novel antimicrobial peptide Penaeidin4-1 in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) enhances plant fungal disease resistance. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24677. [PMID: 21931807 PMCID: PMC3171467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Turfgrass species are agriculturally and economically important perennial crops. Turfgrass species are highly susceptible to a wide range of fungal pathogens. Dollar spot and brown patch, two important diseases caused by fungal pathogens Sclerotinia homoecarpa and Rhizoctonia solani, respectively, are among the most severe turfgrass diseases. Currently, turf fungal disease control mainly relies on fungicide treatments, which raises many concerns for human health and the environment. Antimicrobial peptides found in various organisms play an important role in innate immune response. Methodology/Principal Findings The antimicrobial peptide - Penaeidin4-1 (Pen4-1) from the shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus has been reported to possess in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities against various economically important fungal and bacterial pathogens. In this study, we have studied the feasibility of using this novel peptide for engineering enhanced disease resistance into creeping bentgrass plants (Agrostis stolonifera L., cv. Penn A-4). Two DNA constructs were prepared containing either the coding sequence of a single peptide, Pen4-1 or the DNA sequence coding for the transit signal peptide of the secreted tobacco AP24 protein translationally fused to the Pen4-1 coding sequence. A maize ubiquitin promoter was used in both constructs to drive gene expression. Transgenic turfgrass plants containing different DNA constructs were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and analyzed for transgene insertion and expression. In replicated in vitro and in vivo experiments under controlled environments, transgenic plants exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to dollar spot and brown patch, the two major fungal diseases in turfgrass. The targeting of Pen4-1 to endoplasmic reticulum by the transit peptide of AP24 protein did not significantly impact disease resistance in transgenic plants. Conclusion/Significance Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of Pen4-1 in a perennial species against fungal pathogens and suggest a potential strategy for engineering broad-spectrum fungal disease resistance in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dayong Li
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chin-Fu Chen
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Ghosh J, Lun CM, Majeske AJ, Sacchi S, Schrankel CS, Smith LC. Invertebrate immune diversity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:959-974. [PMID: 21182860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The arms race between hosts and pathogens (and other non-self) drives the molecular diversification of immune response genes in the host. Over long periods of evolutionary time, many different defense strategies have been employed by a wide variety of invertebrates. We review here penaeidins and crustins in crustaceans, the allorecognition system encoded by fuhc, fester and Uncle fester in a colonial tunicate, Dscam and PGRPs in arthropods, FREPs in snails, VCBPs in protochordates, and the Sp185/333 system in the purple sea urchin. Comparisons among immune systems, including those reviewed here have not identified an immune specific regulatory "genetic toolkit", however, repeatedly identified sequences (or "building materials" on which the tools act) are present in a broad range of immune systems. These include a Toll/TLR system, a primitive complement system, an LPS binding protein, and a RAG core/Transib element. Repeatedly identified domains and motifs that function in immune proteins include NACHT, LRR, Ig, death, TIR, lectin domains, and a thioester motif. In addition, there are repeatedly identified mechanisms (or "construction methods") that generate sequence diversity in genes with immune function. These include genomic instability, duplications and/or deletions of sequences and the generation of clusters of similar genes or exons that appear as families, gene recombination, gene conversion, retrotransposition, alternative splicing, multiple alleles for single copy genes, and RNA editing. These commonly employed "materials and methods" for building and maintaining an effective immune system that might have been part of that ancestral system appear now as a fragmented and likely incomplete set, likely due to the rapid evolutionary change (or loss) of host genes that are under pressure to keep pace with pathogen diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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19
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Tassanakajon A, Amparyup P, Somboonwiwat K, Supungul P. Cationic antimicrobial peptides in penaeid shrimp. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:639-657. [PMID: 21533916 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-011-9381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Penaeid shrimp aquaculture has been consistently affected worldwide by devastating diseases that cause a severe loss in production. To fight a variety of harmful microbes in the surrounding environment, particularly at high densities (of which intensive farming represents an extreme example), shrimps have evolved and use a diverse array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as part of an important first-line response of the host defense system. Cationic AMPs in penaeid shrimps composed of penaeidins, crustins, and anti-lipopolysaccharide factors are comprised of multiple classes or isoforms and possess antibacterial and antifungal activities against different strains of bacteria and fungi. Shrimp AMPs are primarily expressed in circulating hemocytes, which is the main site of the immune response, and hemocytes expressing AMPs probably migrate to infection sites to fight against pathogen invasion. Indeed, most AMPs are produced as early as the nauplii developmental stage to protect shrimp larvae from infections. In this review, we discuss the sequence diversity, expression, gene structure, and antimicrobial activities of cationic AMPs in penaeid shrimps. The information available on antimicrobial activities indicates that these shrimp AMPs have potential therapeutic applications in the control of disease problems in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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20
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Warr GW. Introduction to a special issue in memory of Paul S. Gross. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:585-586. [PMID: 20414793 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Warr
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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21
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Scocchi M, Tossi A, Gennaro R. Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides: converging to a non-lytic mechanism of action. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2317-30. [PMID: 21594684 PMCID: PMC11114787 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides are a group of cationic host defense peptides of vertebrates and invertebrates characterized by a high content of proline residues, often associated with arginine residues in repeated motifs. Those isolated from some mammalian and insect species, although not evolutionarily related, use a similar mechanism to selectively kill Gram-negative bacteria, with a low toxicity to animals. Unlike other types of antimicrobial peptides, their mode of action does not involve the lysis of bacterial membranes but entails penetration into susceptible cells, where they then act intracellularly. Some aspects of the transport system and cytoplasmic targets have been elucidated. These features make them attractive both as anti-infective lead compounds and as a new class of potential cell-penetrating peptides capable of internalising membrane-impermeant drugs into both bacterial and eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Scocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Renato Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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22
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Tassanakajon A, Amparyup P, Somboonwiwat K, Supungul P. Cationic antimicrobial peptides in penaeid shrimp. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 12:487-505. [PMID: 20379756 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Penaeid shrimp aquaculture has been consistently affected worldwide by devastating diseases that cause a severe loss in production. To fight a variety of harmful microbes in the surrounding environment, particularly at high densities (of which intensive farming represents an extreme example), shrimps have evolved and use a diverse array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as part of an important first-line response of the host defense system. Cationic AMPs in penaeid shrimps composed of penaeidins, crustins, and anti-lipopolysaccharide factors are comprised of multiple classes or isoforms and possess antibacterial and antifungal activities against different strains of bacteria and fungi. Shrimp AMPs are primarily expressed in circulating hemocytes, which is the main site of the immune response, and hemocytes expressing AMPs probably migrate to infection sites to fight against pathogen invasion. Indeed, most AMPs are produced as early as the nauplii developmental stage to protect shrimp larvae from infections. In this review, we discuss the sequence diversity, expression, gene structure, and antimicrobial activities of cationic AMPs in penaeid shrimps. The information available on antimicrobial activities indicates that these shrimp AMPs have potential therapeutic applications in the control of disease problems in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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23
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Smith VJ, Desbois AP, Dyrynda EA. Conventional and unconventional antimicrobials from fish, marine invertebrates and micro-algae. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1213-62. [PMID: 20479976 PMCID: PMC2866484 DOI: 10.3390/md8041213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic organisms, single-celled or multi-cellular, produce a diverse array of natural anti-infective agents that, in addition to conventional antimicrobial peptides, also include proteins and other molecules often not regarded as part of the innate defences. Examples range from histones, fatty acids, and other structural components of cells to pigments and regulatory proteins. These probably represent very ancient defence factors that have been re-used in new ways during evolution. This review discusses the nature, biological role in host protection and potential biotechnological uses of some of these compounds, focusing on those from fish, marine invertebrates and marine micro-algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Smith
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK.
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24
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Sperstad SV, Haug T, Vasskog T, Stensvåg K. Hyastatin, a glycine-rich multi-domain antimicrobial peptide isolated from the spider crab (Hyas araneus) hemocytes. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2604-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Robalino J, Carnegie RB, O'Leary N, Ouvry-Patat SA, de la Vega E, Prior S, Gross PS, Browdy CL, Chapman RW, Schey KL, Warr G. Contributions of functional genomics and proteomics to the study of immune responses in the Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 128:110-8. [PMID: 19070907 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The need for better control of infectious diseases in shrimp aquaculture and the ecological importance of crustacea in marine ecosystems have prompted interest in the study of crustacean immune systems, particularly those of shrimp. As shrimp and other crustacea are poorly understood from the immunological point of view, functional genomic and proteomic approaches have been applied as a means of quickly obtaining molecular information regarding immune responses in these organisms. In this article, a series of results derived from transcriptomic and proteomic studies in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) are discussed. Expressed Sequence Tag analysis, differential expression cloning through Suppression Subtractive Hybridization, expression profiling using microarrays, and proteomic studies using mass spectrometry, have provided a wealth of useful data and opportunities for new avenues of research. Examples of new research directions arising from these studies in shrimp include the molecular diversity of antimicrobial effectors, the role of double stranded RNA as an inducer of antiviral immunity, and the possible overlap between antibacterial and antiviral responses in the shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Robalino
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Marine Laboratory, United States
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26
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A relationship between antimicrobial peptide gene expression and capacity of a selected shrimp line to survive a Vibrio infection. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:3438-45. [PMID: 18486974 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Cuthbertson BJ, Deterding LJ, Williams JG, Tomer KB, Etienne K, Blackshear PJ, Büllesbach EE, Gross PS. Diversity in penaeidin antimicrobial peptide form and function. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:167-81. [PMID: 17716729 PMCID: PMC2245800 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Penaeidins are a diverse family of two-domain antimicrobial peptides expressed in shrimp. Variation in penaeidin sequence results in functional diversity, which was discovered using synthetic reproductions of native penaeidins. An isoform of penaeidin class 3 from Litopenaeus setiferus (Litset Pen3-4) was synthesized using native ligation and compared directly with the synthetic penaeidin class 4 known to be expressed in the same organism. New antimicrobial activity data are included in this review that emphasize differences in effectiveness that are apparent from a direct comparison of two classes. A novel approach to intact penaeidin analysis is presented in the form of Fourier Transform Ion-Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, which has implications for the identification of individual penaeidin isoforms without chemical modification or enzymatic cleavage. The new information included in this review helps gather the perspective on relevance of penaeidin diversity to antimicrobial function, the use of synthetic peptides as tools to evaluate specific immune functions and the application of high mass resolution, top-down sequencing methods to the intact analysis of individual penaeidin isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Cuthbertson
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIH/NIEHS, P.O. Box 12233 (MD F3-04), 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, USA.
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28
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Padhi A, Verghese B, Otta SK, Varghese B, Ramu K. Adaptive evolution after duplication of penaeidin antimicrobial peptides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 23:553-66. [PMID: 17449277 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Penaeidin antimicrobial peptides in penaeid shrimps are an important component of their innate immune system that provides immunity against infection caused by several gram-positive bacteria and filamentous fungal species. Despite the knowledge on the identification and characterization of these peptides in penaeid shrimps, little is known about the evolutionary pattern of these peptides and the underlying genetic mechanisms that maintain high sequence diversities in the penaeidin gene family. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and maximum likelihood-based codon substitution analyses, here we present the convincing evidence that multiple copies of penaeidins have evolved by gene duplication, and positive Darwinian selection (adaptive evolution) is the likely cause of accelerated rate of amino acid substitutions among these duplicated genes. While the average ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions (omega) for the entire coding region of both active domains is 0.9805, few codon sites showed significantly higher omega (3.73). The likelihood ratio tests that compare models incorporating positive selection (omega>1) at certain codon sites with models not incorporating positive selection (omega<1), failed to reject (p=0) the evidence of positive Darwinian selection. The rapid adaptive evolution of this gene family might be directed by the pathogens and the faster rate of amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal proline-rich and C-terminal cysteine-rich domains could be due to their direct involvement in the protection against pathogens. When the host expose to different habitats/environment an accelerated rate of amino acid substitutions in both the active domains may also be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Padhi
- Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, 600 S. College Ave., Tulsa, OK 74104, USA.
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29
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Kang CJ, Xue JF, Liu N, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Characterization and expression of a new subfamily member of penaeidin antimicrobial peptides (penaeidin 5) from Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:1535-43. [PMID: 17049988 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Penaeidins are members of a special family of antimicrobial peptides existing in penaeid shrimp and play an important role in the immunological defence of shrimp. Here, we report one penaeidin with a putative isotype newly cloned from fleshy prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The penaeidin open reading frame encodes a 79 amino acid peptide while two exons and an intron were identified within the 1126bp genomic sequence of Fenchi-penaeidin 5. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison with other known penaeidins suggest the new gene belongs to a novel subfamily of penaeidins and the two isoforms were named Fenchi-penaeidin 5-1 and 5-2, respectively. Fenchi-penaeidin 5 mRNA was examined in normal and microbial challenged shrimp and was found to be constitutively expressed in heamocytes, heart, gill, intestine and ovary. Bacterial challenge resulted in mRNA up-regulation, inducing expression in hepatopancreas and stomach. Fenchi-penaeidin 5-1 was also expressed in Pichia pastoris, and recombinant Fenchi-penaeidin 5-1 exhibited activities against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Jie Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 Shandong, China
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30
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Distinctive expression patterns of 185/333 genes in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: an unexpectedly diverse family of transcripts in response to LPS, beta-1,3-glucan, and dsRNA. BMC Mol Biol 2007; 8:16. [PMID: 17331248 PMCID: PMC1831783 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A diverse set of transcripts called 185/333 is strongly expressed in sea urchins responding to immune challenge. Optimal alignments of full-length 185/333 cDNAs requires the insertion of large gaps that define 25 blocks of sequence called elements. The presence or absence of individual elements also defines a specific element pattern for each message. Individual sea urchins were challenged with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (lipopolysaccharide, β-1,3-glucan, or double stranded RNA), and changes in the 185/333 message repertoire were followed over time. Results Each animal expressed a diverse set of 185/333 messages prior to challenge and a 0.96 kb message was the predominant size after challenge. Sequence analysis of the cloned messages indicated that the major element pattern expressed in immunoquiescent sea urchins was either C1 or E2.1. In contrast, most animals responding to lipopolysaccharide, β-1,3-glucan or injury, predominantly expressed messages of the E2 pattern. In addition to the major patterns, extensive element pattern diversity was observed among the different animals before and after challenge. Nucleotide sequence diversity of the transcripts increased in response to β-1,3-glucan, double stranded RNA and injury, whereas diversity decreased in response to LPS. Conclusion These results illustrate that sea urchins appear to be able to differentiate among different PAMPs by inducing the transcription of different sets of 185/333 genes. Furthermore, animals may share a suite of 185/333 genes that are expressed in response to common pathogens, while also maintaining a large number of unique genes within the population.
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Terwilliger DP, Buckley KM, Mehta D, Moorjani PG, Smith LC. Unexpected diversity displayed in cDNAs expressed by the immune cells of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Physiol Genomics 2006; 26:134-44. [PMID: 16837652 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00011.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a unique family of transcripts, the 185/333 family, that comprise approximately 60% of the mRNAs induced by coelomocytes from the purple sea urchin in response to immunological challenge from lipopolysaccharide. An analysis of 81 full-length cDNAs revealed 67 unique nucleotide sequences encoding 64 different proteins. Diversity of the transcripts was based on 25 sequence blocks, or "elements," which resulted in 22 different element patterns based on their presence or absence. Furthermore, there was a high level of nucleotide variation within elements, including single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions, both of which resulted in amino acid sequence variability. The deduced 185/333 proteins contained an NH2-terminal leader, a glycine-rich region with an RGD motif, a histidine-rich region, and a COOH-terminal region. Two 185/333 genes, identified in the partially assembled Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome, have two exons. The first encoded the leader, and the second encoded the remainder of the predicted protein. Estimates from quantitative PCR indicated that there were approximately 100 alleles in the diploid genome. These results suggested that the purple sea urchin may have mechanisms for generating high levels of diversity in response to immunological challenge that have not been considered previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Terwilliger
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
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Cuthbertson BJ, Büllesbach EE, Gross PS. Discovery of Synthetic Penaeidin Activity against Antibiotic-resistant Fungi. Chem Biol Drug Des 2006; 68:120-7. [PMID: 16999777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Penaeidins are antimicrobial peptides from shrimp that are constituted by divergent classes of peptide isoforms in an individual organism. Penaeidin sequence variation suggests functional diversity in the host and promises differential activities if applied to treat infections in humans. We have synthesized isoform 4 of penaeidin class 3 from the Atlantic shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus, by native ligation using three peptide segments. Our synthesis approach led to the discovery of an irreversible side reaction that was successfully suppressed, a discovery, which has particular relevance to the synthesis of cysteine-rich peptides. The antimicrobial activity of full-length penaeidin and the N-terminal proline-rich domain of this isoform were compared with the corresponding peptides of penaeidin class 4 isoform 1 using a wide range of bacteria and fungi. New aspects of penaeidin function are reported that include activity against fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota (Cryptococcus strains), activity against fungi that are pathogenic to humans and effectiveness in the context of antibiotic resistance mechanisms (Cryptococcus and Candida spp.). The proline-rich domain of penaeidin class 4 shows the highest relative antimicrobial activity, while exhibiting no cytotoxicity to human monocytes, and therefore stands out as a potential peptide therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Cuthbertson
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, PO Box 12233 MD F3-04, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, USA.
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O'Leary NA, Gross PS. Genomic structure and transcriptional regulation of the penaeidin gene family from Litopenaeus vannamei. Gene 2006; 371:75-83. [PMID: 16488092 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Penaeidins are a family of shrimp antimicrobial peptides that have a unique molecular structure consisting of a highly conserved leader peptide followed by an N-terminal proline-rich domain and a C-terminal cysteine-rich domain. Three distinct classes of penaeidins, named PEN2, PEN3, and PEN4, are expressed in the hemocytes of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Multiple isoforms, generated by substitutions and deletions within the proline and cysteine-rich domains, have been reported at the mRNA level for all three classes of penaeidins suggesting that this is a highly diverse gene family; however, the genetic mechanisms by which sequence variability in the penaeidin gene family is generated are unknown. The present study examines the genomic sources for both class and isoform diversity in the penaeidin family. We show that each penaeidin class is encoded by a unique gene and that isoform diversity is generated by polymorphism within each penaeidin gene locus. Furthermore, the genomic regions upstream of each penaeidin gene were partially characterized and found to drive transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala A O'Leary
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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