1
|
Lan G, Song Q, Luan Y, Cheng Y. Targeted strategies to deliver boron agents across the blood-brain barrier for neutron capture therapy of brain tumors. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123747. [PMID: 38151104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), as an innovative radiotherapy technology, has demonstrated remarkable outcomes when compared to conventional treatments in the management of recurrent and refractory brain tumors. However, in BNCT of brain tumors, the blood-brain barrier is a main stumbling block for restricting the transport of boron drugs to brain tumors, while the tumor targeting and retention of boron drugs also affect the BNCT effect. This review focuses on the recent development of strategies for delivering boron drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier and targeting brain tumors, providing new insights for the development of efficient boron drugs for the treatment of brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gongde Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingxu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Medical Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Medical Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Yu H, Ma Y, Li Z, Shi N. Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2093. [PMID: 37631307 PMCID: PMC10459450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides and proteins, two important classes of biomacromolecules, play important roles in the biopharmaceuticals field. As compared with traditional drugs based on small molecules, peptide- and protein-based drugs offer several advantages, although most cannot traverse the cell membrane, a natural barrier that prevents biomacromolecules from directly entering cells. However, drug delivery via cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) is increasingly replacing traditional approaches that mediate biomacromolecular cellular uptake, due to CPPs' superior safety and efficiency as drug delivery vehicles. In this review, we describe the discovery of CPPs, recent developments in CPP design, and recent advances in CPP applications for enhanced cellular delivery of peptide- and protein-based drugs. First, we discuss the discovery of natural CPPs in snake, bee, and spider venom. Second, we describe several synthetic types of CPPs, such as cyclic CPPs, glycosylated CPPs, and D-form CPPs. Finally, we summarize and discuss cell membrane permeability characteristics and therapeutic applications of different CPPs when used as vehicles to deliver peptides and proteins to cells, as assessed using various preclinical disease models. Ultimately, this review provides an overview of recent advances in CPP development with relevance to applications related to the therapeutic delivery of biomacromolecular drugs to alleviate diverse diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Chuang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yinghui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Zhengqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Nianqiu Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hakata Y, Yamashita K, Hashimoto S, Ohtsuki T, Miyazawa M, Kitamatsu M. Adjusting Heterodimeric Coiled-Coils (K/E Zipper) to Connect Autophagy-Inducing Peptide with Cell-Penetrating Peptide. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041048. [PMID: 37111533 PMCID: PMC10141234 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A connection of a functional peptide with a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) used a heterodimeric coiled-coil as a molecular zipper can improve the intracellular delivery and activity of the functional peptide. However, the chain length of the coiled coil required for functioning as the molecular zipper is unknown at present. To solve the problem, we prepared an autophagy-inducing peptide (AIP) that conjugates with the CPP via heterodimeric coiled-coils consisting of 1 to 4 repeating units (K/E zipper; AIP-Kn and En-CPP), and we investigated the optimum length of the K/E zipper for effective intracellular delivery and autophagy induction. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that K/E zippers with n = 3 and 4 formed a stable 1:1 hybrid (AIP-K3/E3-CPP and AIP-K4/E4-CPP, respectively). Both AIP-K3 and AIP-K4 were successfully delivered into cells by the corresponding hybrid formation with K3-CPP and K4-CPP, respectively. Interestingly, autophagy was also induced by the K/E zippers with n = 3 and 4, more intensively by the former than by the latter. The peptides and K/E zippers used in this study did not show significant cytotoxicity. These results indicate that the effective induction of autophagy occurs via an exquisite balance of the association and dissociation of the K/E zipper in this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hakata
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan
- Department of Arts and Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yamashita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Sonoko Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kitamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen SY, Xu XX, Li X, Yi NB, Li SZ, Xiang XC, Cheng DB, Sun T. Recent advances in the intracellular delivery of macromolecule therapeutics. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6642-6655. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the uptake pathway of intracellular delivery vehicles for macromolecule therapeutics, and provides in-depth discussions and prospects about intracellular delivery of macromolecule therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yi Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xue Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ning-Bo Yi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shi-Zhuo Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Xing-Cheng Xiang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Dong-Bing Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Horn JM, Obermeyer AC. Genetic and Covalent Protein Modification Strategies to Facilitate Intracellular Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4883-4904. [PMID: 34855385 PMCID: PMC9310055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics represent a rapidly growing segment of approved disease treatments. Successful intracellular delivery of proteins is an important precondition for expanded in vivo and in vitro applications of protein therapeutics. Direct modification of proteins and peptides for improved cytosolic translocation are a promising method of increasing delivery efficiency and expanding the viability of intracellular protein therapeutics. In this Review, we present recent advances in both synthetic and genetic protein modifications for intracellular delivery. Active endocytosis-based and passive internalization pathways are discussed, followed by a review of modification methods for improved cytosolic delivery. After establishing how proteins can be modified, general strategies for facilitating intracellular delivery, such as chemical supercharging or inclusion of cell-penetrating motifs, are covered. We then outline protein modifications that promote endosomal escape. We finally examine the delivery of two potential classes of therapeutic proteins, antibodies and associated antibody fragments, and gene editing proteins, such as cas9.
Collapse
|
6
|
Stiltner J, McCandless K, Zahid M. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Applications in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060890. [PMID: 34204007 PMCID: PMC8232808 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their identification over twenty-five years ago, the plethora of cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) and their applications has skyrocketed. These 5 to 30 amino acid in length peptides have the unique property of breaching the cell membrane barrier while carrying cargoes larger than themselves into cells in an intact, functional form. CPPs can be conjugated to fluorophores, activatable probes, radioisotopes or contrast agents for imaging tissues, such as tumors. There is no singular mechanism for translocation of CPPs into a cell, and therefore, many CPPs are taken up by a multitude of cell types, creating the challenge of tumor-specific translocation and hindering clinical effectiveness. Varying strategies have been developed to combat this issue and enhance their diagnostic potential by derivatizing CPPs for better targeting by constructing specific cell-activated forms. These methods are currently being used to image integrin-expressing tumors, breast cancer cells, human histiocytic lymphoma and protease-secreting fibrosarcoma cells, to name a few. Additionally, identifying safe, effective therapeutics for malignant tumors has long been an active area of research. CPPs can circumvent many of the complications found in treating cancer with conventional therapeutics by targeted delivery of drugs into tumors, thereby decreasing off-target side effects, a feat not achievable by currently employed conventional chemotherapeutics. Myriad types of chemotherapeutics such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antitumor antibodies and nanoparticles can be functionally attached to these peptides, leading to the possibility of delivering established and novel cancer therapeutics directly to tumor tissue. While much research is needed to overcome potential issues with these peptides, they offer a significant advancement over current mechanisms to treat cancer. In this review, we present a brief overview of the research, leading to identification of CPPs with a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on the role of these novel peptides in both cancer diagnostics as well as therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maliha Zahid
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-692-8893; Fax: 412-692-6184
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang Z, Lee MMM, Chan MK. Efficient intracellular delivery of p53 protein by engineered protein crystals restores tumor suppressing function in vivo. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120759. [PMID: 33798968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct delivery of proteins into cells holds significant potential for basic research and drug development. However, the poor endosomal escape of conventional delivery strategies remains a challenge, thus limiting the clinical translation of many protein therapeutics. Herein, we report that engineered Cry3Aa protein (Pos3Aa) crystals formed naturally within Bacillus thuringiensis can serve as a vehicle for efficient cytosolic delivery of bioactive proteins. We showed that Pos3Aa-mediated delivery of tumor suppressor p53 protein, a promising therapeutic candidate found to be inactivated in nearly half of human cancers, resulted in the restoration of p53 function in p53-deficient cancer cells, and thereby sensitized them to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo models. Our results validate that Pos3Aa crystals can be a robust and effective platform for the cytosolic delivery of effector proteins, and suggest that efficient uptake and endosomal escape could be critical for efficacious p53 protein-based cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaofeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marianne M M Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Michael K Chan
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kitamatsu M, Yuasa H, Ohtsuki T, Michiue H. Complementary leucine zippering system for effective intracellular delivery of proteins by cell-penetrating peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 33:116036. [PMID: 33497939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A heterodimeric leucine zipper composed of a pair of leucine zipper peptides containing acidic or basic amino acid residues at appropriate positions in each peptide was used as a molecular glue to connect protein cargos to a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) carrier. To investigate the hybridization properties by fluorescence experiments, we prepared an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fused with an acidic leucine zipper (LzK), EGFP-LzK, and a basic leucine zipper (LzE) modified with a CPP, LzE-CPP. The LzK and LzE formed a 1:1 hybrid when EGFP-LzK and LzE-CPP were mixed in phosphate buffer saline, thereby conjugating the EGFP with the CPP. The formation of the 1:1 hybrid was confirmed by fluorescence spectra and fluorescence titration curves. Results from fluorescence microscopy experiments showed that EGFP was successfully delivered into cells by conjugating with the CPP via formation of the LzK/LzE hybrid. We also fused the apoptotic protein p53 with LzK (p53-LzK) and investigated the inhibition of cell proliferation of various cell lines by incubation with the p53-LzK/LzE-CPP hybrid. This hybrid was found to localize in nuclei and successfully inhibited cell-specific proliferation. The LzE/LzK zipper system inhibited cell proliferation more efficiently than the directly fused conjugate, p53-CPP. Our method will be a useful drug delivery system for delivering bioactive proteins to treat various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Kitamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yuasa
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Michiue
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Insulin/Glucose-Responsive Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Disease Modeling and Treatment of Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112465. [PMID: 33198288 PMCID: PMC7696367 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance in peripheral organs, accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes. Despite current developments of new drugs and strategies to prevent/treat diabetes, there is no ideal therapy targeting all aspects of the disease. Restoration, however, of insulin-producing β-cells, as well as insulin-responsive cells, would be a logical strategy for the treatment of diabetes. In recent years, generation of transplantable cells derived from stem cells in vitro has emerged as an important research area. Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced, are alternative and feasible sources of insulin-secreting and glucose-responsive cells. This notwithstanding, consistent generation of robust glucose/insulin-responsive cells remains challenging. In this review, we describe basic concepts of the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and subsequent differentiation of these into pancreatic β-like cells, myotubes, as well as adipocyte- and hepatocyte-like cells. Use of these for modeling of human disease is now feasible, while development of replacement therapies requires continued efforts.
Collapse
|
10
|
Miri SM, Ebrahimzadeh MS, Abdolalipour E, Yazdi M, Hosseini Ravandi H, Ghaemi A. Synergy between hemagglutinin 2 (HA2) subunit of influenza fusogenic membrane glycoprotein and oncolytic Newcastle disease virus suppressed tumor growth and further enhanced by Immune checkpoint PD-1 blockade. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:380. [PMID: 32782438 PMCID: PMC7412675 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has shown noticeable oncolytic properties, especially against cervical cancer. However, in order to improve the spread rate and oncotoxicity of the virus, employment of other therapeutic reagents would be helpful. It has been shown that some viral fusogenic membrane glycoproteins (FMGs) could facilitate viral propagation and increase the infection rate of tumor cells by oncolytic viruses. Additionally, immune checkpoint blockade has widely been investigated for its anti-tumor effects against several types of cancers. Here, we investigated for the first time whether the incorporation of influenza hemagglutinin-2 (HA2) FMG could improve the oncolytic characteristics of NDV against cervical cancer. Next, we added anti-PD-1 mAb to our therapeutic recipe to assess the complementary role of immune checkpoint blockade in curbing tumor progression. Methods For this purpose, TC-1 tumor cells were injected into the mice models and treatment with NDV, iNDV, HA2, NDV-HA2, iNDV-HA2 began 10 days after tumor challenge and was repeated at day 17. In addition, PD-1 blockade was conducted by injection of anti-PD-1 mAb at days 9 and 16. Two weeks after the last treatment, sample mice were sacrificed and treatment efficacy was evaluated through immunological and immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, tumors condition was monitored weekly for 6 weeks intervals and the tumor volume was measured and compared within different groups. Results The results of co-treatment with NDV and HA2 gene revealed that these agents act synergistically to induce antitumor immune responses against HPV-associated carcinoma by enhancement of E7-specific lymphocyte proliferation, inducement of CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity responses, increase in splenic cytokines and granzyme B, decrease in immunosuppressive cytokines and E6 oncogene expression, and upregulation of apoptotic proteins expression, in comparison with control groups. Moreover, incorporation of PD-1 blockade as the third side of our suggested therapy led to noticeable regression in tumor size and augmentation of cytokine responses. Conclusions The invaluable results of synergy between NDV virotherapy and HA2 gene therapy suggest that tumor-selective cell killing by oncolytic NDV can be enhanced by combining with FMG gene therapy. Moreover, the adjunction of the PD-1 blockade proves that checkpoint blockade can be considered as an effective complementary therapy for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elahe Abdolalipour
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O.Box: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yazdi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O.Box: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides present huge biomedical applications in a variety of pathologies, thanks to their ability to penetrate membranes and carry a variety of cargoes inside cells. Progress in peptide synthesis has produced a greater availability of virtually any synthetic peptide, increasing their attractiveness. Most molecules when associated to a cell-penetrating peptides can be delivered into a cell, however, understanding of the critical factors influencing the uptake mechanism is of paramount importance to construct nanoplatforms for effective delivery in vitro and in vivo in medical applications. Focus is now on the state-of-art of the mechanisms enabling therapeutics/diagnostics to reach the site target of their activities, and in support of scientists developing platforms for drug delivery and personalized therapies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cao XW, Wang FJ, Liew OW, Lu YZ, Zhao J. Analysis of Triterpenoid Saponins Reveals Insights into Structural Features Associated with Potent Protein Drug Enhancement Effects. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:683-694. [PMID: 31913047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based saponins are amphipathic glycosides composed of a hydrophobic aglycone backbone covalently bound to one or more hydrophilic sugar moieties. Recently, the endosomal escape activity of triterpenoid saponins has been investigated as a potentially powerful tool for improved cytosolic penetration of protein drugs internalized by endocytic uptake, thereby greatly enhancing their pharmacological effects. However, only a few saponins have been studied, and the paucity in understanding the structure-activity relationship of saponins imposes significant limitations on their applications. To address this knowledge gap, 12 triterpenoid saponins with diverse structural side chains were screened for their utility as endosomolytic agents. These compounds were used in combination with a toxin (MAP30-HBP) comprising a type I ribosome-inactivating protein fused to a cell-penetrating peptide. Suitability of saponins as endosomolytic agents was assessed on the basis of cytotoxicity, endosomal escape promotion, and synergistic effects on toxins. Five saponins showed strong endosomal escape activity, enhancing MAP30-HBP cytotoxicity by more than 106 to 109 folds. These saponins also enhanced the apoptotic effect of MAP30-HBP in a pH-dependent manner. Additionally, growth inhibition of MAP30-HBP-treated SMMC-7721 cells was greater than that of similarly treated HeLa cells, suggesting that saponin-mediated endosomolytic effect is likely to be cell-specific. Furthermore, the structural features and hydrophobicity of the sugar side chains were analyzed to draw correlations with endosomal escape activity and derive predictive rules, thus providing new insights into structure-activity relationships of saponins. This study revealed new saponins that can potentially be exploited as efficient cytosolic delivery reagents for improved therapeutic drug effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Cao
- Department of Applied Biology , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Fu-Jun Wang
- New Drug R&D Center , Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Company, Ltd. , 209 West Hulian Road , Dongyang 322100 , Zhejiang , China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , 1200 Cailun Road , Shanghai 201203 , China.,Institute of Chinese Materia , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1200 Cailun Road , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Oi-Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System , Centre for Translational Medicine , MD6#08-01, 14 Medical Drive , 117599 , Singapore
| | - Ye-Zhou Lu
- Department of Applied Biology , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sumito N, Koeda S, Umezawa N, Inoue Y, Tsukiji S, Higuchi T, Mizuno T. Development of Cell-Penetration PG-Surfactants and Its Application in External Peptide Delivery to Cytosol. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:821-833. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Sumito
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shuhei Koeda
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Umezawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsukiji
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science (FRIMS), Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho,
Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Mizuno
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu H, Sakamoto K, Akishiba M, Tamemoto N, Hirose H, Nakase I, Imanishi M, Madani F, Gräslund A, Futaki S. Conversion of cationic amphiphilic lytic peptides to cell‐penetration peptides. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Hsin Yu
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Misao Akishiba
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Naoki Tamemoto
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Miki Imanishi
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Fatemeh Madani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kardani K, Milani A, H Shabani S, Bolhassani A. Cell penetrating peptides: the potent multi-cargo intracellular carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1227-1258. [PMID: 31583914 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1676720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) known as protein translocation domains (PTD), membrane translocating sequences (MTS), or Trojan peptides (TP) are able to cross biological membranes without clear toxicity using different mechanisms, and facilitate the intracellular delivery of a variety of bioactive cargos. CPPs could overcome some limitations of drug delivery and combat resistant strains against a broad range of diseases. Despite delivery of different therapeutic molecules by CPPs, they lack cell specificity and have a short duration of action. These limitations led to design of combined cargo delivery systems and subsequently improvement of their clinical applications. Areas covered: This review covers all our studies and other researchers in different aspects of CPPs such as classification, uptake mechanisms, and biomedical applications. Expert opinion: Due to low cytotoxicity of CPPs as compared to other carriers and final degradation to amino acids, they are suitable for preclinical and clinical studies. Generally, the efficiency of CPPs was suitable to penetrate the cell membrane and deliver different cargos to specific intracellular sites. However, no CPP-based therapeutic approach has approved by FDA, yet; because there are some disadvantages for CPPs including short half-life in blood, and nonspecific CPP-mediated delivery to normal tissue. Thus, some methods were used to develop the functions of CPPs in vitro and in vivo including the augmentation of cell specificity by activatable CPPs, specific transport into cell organelles by insertion of corresponding localization sequences, incorporation of CPPs into multifunctional dendrimeric or liposomal nanocarriers to improve selectivity and efficiency especially in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kardani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samaneh H Shabani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bolhassani A. Improvements in chemical carriers of proteins and peptides. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:437-452. [PMID: 30672055 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The successful intracellular delivery of biologically active proteins and peptides plays an important role for therapeutic applications. Indeed, protein/peptide delivery could overcome some problems of gene therapy, for example, controlling the expression levels and the integration of transgene into the host cell genome. Thus, protein/peptide drug delivery showed a promising and safe approach for treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties of proteins, their production (e.g., isolation, purification & formulation) and delivery represented significant challenges in pharmaceutical studies. Modification in the structural moieties of these protein/peptide drugs could improve their solubility, stability, crystallinity, lipophilicity, enzymatic susceptibility and targetability, and subsequently, therapies and cures against various diseases. Using the structural modification of protein/peptide, their delivery provided overall higher success rates including high specificity, high activity, bioreactivity and safety. Recently, biotechnological and pharmaceutical companies have tried to find novel techniques for the modifications and improve delivery systems/carriers. However, each carrier has its own benefits and drawbacks, and an appropriate carrier is often established by the physicochemical properties of protein or peptide, the ideal route of injection, and clinical characteristics of therapy. In this review, an attempt was made to give an overview on the chemical carriers for proteins and peptides as well as the recent advances in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feng L, Shi N, Cai S, Qiao X, Chu P, Wang H, Long F, Yang H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yu H. De Novo Molecular Design of a Novel Octapeptide That Inhibits In Vivo Melanogenesis and Has Great Transdermal Ability. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6846-6857. [PMID: 30011202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous hyperpigmentation from excess melanogenesis causes serious pigmentary disorders and even melasma. Short peptides (SPs) are garnering attention lately owing to their therapeutic potential in dermatological diseases and low systemic side effects. Here, we show an octapeptide, ansin2, designed de novo from antioxidant SPs we previously reported, significantly inhibiting melanogenesis in B16 cells by decreasing tyrosinase production via regulating the MITF pathway. Ansin2 could also inhibit tyrosinase function by covering its catalytic pocket, which was simulated in docking and LIGPLOT studies. Topical application of ansin2 exhibited evident protection in UVB-induced pigmentation in guinea pig models both in terms of prophylaxis and treatment. Interestingly, unlike other hydrophilic and peptidic drugs that need delivery systems, ansin2 can be efficiently delivered topically to the epidermis and dermis per se without an affiliated moiety. Given that ansin2 lacks unwanted toxicities and immunogenicity, it holds great potential in treating hyperpigmentation in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Feng
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116024 , China
| | - Nannan Shi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116024 , China
| | - Shasha Cai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116024 , China
| | - Xue Qiao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116024 , China
| | - Peng Chu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116024 , China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116024 , China
| | - Feida Long
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116024 , China
| | - Huaixin Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116024 , China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116024 , China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Haining Yu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116024 , China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Heiderscheit EA, Eguchi A, Spurgat MC, Ansari AZ. Reprogramming cell fate with artificial transcription factors. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:888-900. [PMID: 29389011 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) reprogram cell states by exerting control over gene regulatory networks and the epigenetic landscape of a cell. Artificial transcription factors (ATFs) are designer regulatory proteins comprised of modular units that can be customized to overcome challenges faced by natural TFs in establishing and maintaining desired cell states. Decades of research on DNA-binding proteins and synthetic molecules has provided a molecular toolkit for ATF design and the construction of genome-scale libraries of ATFs capable of phenotypic manipulation and reprogramming of cell states. Here, we compare the unique strengths and limitations of different ATF platforms, highlight the advantages of cooperative assembly, and present the potential of ATF libraries in revealing gene regulatory networks that govern cell fate choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Heiderscheit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA.,The Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Asuka Eguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA.,The Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mackenzie C Spurgat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA.,The Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aseem Z Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA.,The Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS. Transcription factors: Time to deliver. J Control Release 2017; 269:24-35. [PMID: 29113792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are at the center of the broad regulatory network orchestrating gene expression programs that elicit different biological responses. For a long time, TFs have been considered as potent drug targets due to their implications in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. At the same time, TFs, located at convergence points of cellular regulatory pathways, are powerful tools providing opportunities both for cell type change and for managing the state of cells. This task formulation requires the TF modulation problem to come to the fore. We review several ways to manage TF activity (small molecules, transfection, nanocarriers, protein-based approaches), analyzing their limitations and the possibilities to overcome them. Delivery of TFs could revolutionize the biomedical field. Whether this forecast comes true will depend on the ability to develop convenient technologies for targeted delivery of TFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Ulasov
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Siller R, Dufour E, Lycke M, Wilmut I, Jung YW, Park IH, Sullivan GJ. Development of an inducible platform for intercellular protein delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 522:1-10. [PMID: 28254654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A challenge to protein based therapies is the ability to produce biologically active proteins and their ensured delivery. Various approaches have been utilised including fusion of protein transduction domains with a protein or biomolecule of interest. A compounding issue is lack of specificity, efficiency and indeed whether the protein fusions are actually translocated into the cell and not merely an artefact of the fixation process. Here we present a novel platform, allowing the inducible export and uptake of a protein of interest. The system utilises a combination of the Tetracyline repressor system, combined with a fusion protein containing the N-terminal signal peptide from human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit, and a C-terminal poly-arginine domain for efficient uptake by target cells. This novel platform was validated using enhanced green fluorescent protein as the gene of interest. Doxycycline efficiently induced expression of the fusion protein. The human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit facilitated the export of the fusion protein into the cell culture media. Finally, the fusion protein was able to efficiently enter into neighbouring cells (target cells), mediated by the poly-arginine cell penetrating peptide. Importantly we have addressed the issue of whether the observed uptake is an artefact of the fixation process or indeed genuine translocation. In addition this platform provides a number of potential applications in diverse areas such as stem cell biology, immune therapy and cancer targeting therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Siller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway; Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, PO Box 1112 Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Eric Dufour
- Tampere University, IMT, Tampere Fin-33014, Finland
| | - Max Lycke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Ian Wilmut
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, SCRM Building, University of Edinburgh, Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Yong-Wook Jung
- Stem Cell Center, Yale, 10 Amistad 201B, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - In Hyun Park
- Stem Cell Center, Yale, 10 Amistad 201B, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway; Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, PO Box 1112 Blindern, Oslo 0317, Norway; Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Munsell EV, Ross NL, Sullivan MO. Journey to the Center of the Cell: Current Nanocarrier Design Strategies Targeting Biopharmaceuticals to the Cytoplasm and Nucleus. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:1227-44. [PMID: 26675220 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666151216151420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
New biopharmaceutical molecules, potentially able to provide more personalized and effective treatments, are being identified through the advent of advanced synthetic biology strategies, sophisticated chemical synthesis approaches, and new analytical methods to assess biological potency. However, translation of many of these structures has been significantly limited due to the need for more efficient strategies to deliver macromolecular therapeutics to desirable intracellular sites of action. Engineered nanocarriers that encapsulate peptides, proteins, or nucleic acids are generally internalized into target cells via one of several endocytic pathways. These nanostructures, entrapped within endosomes, must navigate the intracellular milieu to orchestrate delivery to the intended destination, typically the cytoplasm or nucleus. For therapeutics active in the cytoplasm, endosomal escape continues to represent a limiting step to effective treatment, since a majority of nanocarriers trapped within endosomes are ultimately marked for enzymatic degradation in lysosomes. Therapeutics active in the nucleus have the added challenges of reaching and penetrating the nuclear envelope, and nuclear delivery remains a preeminent challenge preventing clinical translation of gene therapy applications. Herein, we review cutting-edge peptide- and polymer-based design strategies with the potential to enable significant improvements in biopharmaceutical efficacy through improved intracellular targeting. These strategies often mimic the activities of pathogens, which have developed innate and highly effective mechanisms to penetrate plasma membranes and enter the nucleus of host cells. Understanding these mechanisms has enabled advances in synthetic peptide and polymer design that may ultimately improve intracellular trafficking and bioavailability, leading to increased access to new classes of biotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, Delaware.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gong Z, Walls MT, Karley AN, Karlsson AJ. Effect of a Flexible Linker on Recombinant Expression of Cell-Penetrating Peptide Fusion Proteins and Their Translocation into Fungal Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:838-849. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Golan M, Feinshtein V, David A. Conjugates of HA2 with octaarginine-grafted HPMA copolymer offer effective siRNA delivery and gene silencing in cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:103-112. [PMID: 27702685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The key for successful gene silencing is to design a safe and efficient siRNA delivery system for the transfer of therapeutic nucleic acids into the target cells. Here, we describe the design of hydrophilic N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer displaying multiple copies of octaarginine (R8) and its use in promoting the effective delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules intracellularly. Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled HPMA copolymer-bound R8 (P-R8-FITC) was synthesized with increasing R8 molar ratios (4-9.5mol-%) to define the optimal R8 content that allowed the polymer to serve both as a siRNA-binding domain and as an intracellular transduction moiety mediating improved cellular delivery. A subunit of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA2), known for its ability to disrupt endosomal membranes, was further conjugated to P-R8-FITC copolymer to promote endosomal escape. Of the different P-(R8)-FITC conjugates considered, only that polymer containing the highest mol-% of R8 (P-(R8)9.5-FITC) was able to encapsulate siRNA molecules into nano-sized polyion complexes (PICs) presenting positive surface charge, low in vitro cytotoxicity, and high serum stability. P-(R8)9.5-FITC/cy5-siRNA complexes can efficiently deliver siRNA molecules into cells, while naked siRNA or siRNA encapsulated within polymers with lower R8mol-% were unable to transfect the same cells. Conjugation of HA2 fusogenic peptide to P-(R8)-FITC significantly decreased the oncogenic RAC1 mRNA levels in cancer cells. This indicates that P-(R8)-(HA2)-FITC can deliver siRNA into target cells, and that the siRNA can reach the perinuclear region where it interacts with the RNA-induced silencing complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moran Golan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Valeria Feinshtein
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ayelet David
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Takeda H, Kurioka T, Kaitsuka T, Tomizawa K, Matsunobu T, Hakim F, Mizutari K, Miwa T, Yamada T, Ise M, Shiotani A, Yumoto E, Minoda R. Protein transduction therapy into cochleae via the round window niche in guinea pigs. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16055. [PMID: 27579336 PMCID: PMC4988354 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short sequences of amino acids that facilitate the penetration of conjugated cargoes across mammalian cell membranes, and as such, they may provide a safe and effective method for drug delivery to the inner ear. Simple polyarginine peptides have been shown to induce significantly higher cell penetration rates among CPPs. Herein, we show that a peptide consisting of nine arginines ("9R") effectively delivered enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into guinea pig cochleae via the round window niche without causing any deterioration in auditory function. A second application, 24 hours after the first, prolonged the presence of EGFP. To assess the feasibility of protein transduction using 9R-CPPs via the round window, we used "X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein" (XIAP) bonded to a 9R peptide (XIAP-9R). XIAP-9R treatment prior to acoustic trauma significantly reduced putative hearing loss and the number of apoptotic hair cells loss in the cochleae. Thus, the topical application of molecules fused to 9R-CPPs may be a simple and promising strategy for treating inner ear diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kurioka
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Defense Medical College , Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Taku Kaitsuka
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsunobu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Defense Medical College , Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Farzana Hakim
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunio Mizutari
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Defense Medical College , Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Toru Miwa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takao Yamada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Momoko Ise
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shiotani
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Defense Medical College , Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Yumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryosei Minoda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lu TC, Zhao GH, Chen YY, Chien CY, Huang CH, Lin KH, Chen SL. Transduction of Recombinant M3-p53-R12 Protein Enhances Human Leukemia Cell Apoptosis. J Cancer 2016; 7:1360-73. [PMID: 27390612 PMCID: PMC4934045 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor protein p53 plays important roles in initiating cell cycle arrest and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that p53 is either mutated or defective in approximately 50% of human cancers; therefore restoring normal p53 activity in cancer cells might be an effective anticancer therapeutic approach. Herein, we designed a chimeric p53 protein flanked with the MyoD N-terminal transcriptional activation domain (amino acids 1-62, called M3) and a poly-arginine (R12) cell penetrating signal in its N-and C-termini respectively. This chimeric protein, M3-p53-R12, can be expressed in E. coli and purified using immobilized metal ion chromatography followed by serial refolding dialysis. The purified M3-p53-R12 protein retains DNA-binding activity and gains of cell penetrating ability. Using MTT assay, we demonstrated that M3-p53-R12 inhibited the growth of K562, Jurkat as well as HL-60 leukemia cells carrying mutant p53 genes. Results from FACS analysis also demonstrated that transduction of M3-p53-R12 protein induced cell cycle arrest of these leukemia cells. Of special note, M3-p53-R12 has no apoptotic effect on normal mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and leukocytes, highlighting its differential effects on normal and tumor cells. To sum up, our results reveal that purified recombinant M3-p53-R12 protein has functions of suppressing the leukemia cell lines' proliferation and launching cell apoptosis, suggesting the feasibility of using M3-p53-R12 protein as an anticancer drug. In the future we will test whether this chimeric protein can preferentially trigger the death of malignant cancer cells without affecting normal cells in animals carrying endogenous or xenographic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung Chi Lu
- 1. Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan;; 2. Taiwan Advance Bio-Pharma Inc., New Taipei City 22180, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hao Zhao
- 1. Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yao Yun Chen
- 1. Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan;; 3. The Affiliated Jhongli Senior High School of National Central University, Jhongli 32047, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Chien
- 1. Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Huang
- 2. Taiwan Advance Bio-Pharma Inc., New Taipei City 22180, Taiwan
| | - Kwang Hui Lin
- 4. Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;; 5. Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shen Liang Chen
- 1. Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shen Y, Huang J, Liu L, Xu X, Han C, Zhang G, Jiang H, Li J, Lin Z, Xiong N, Wang T. A Compendium of Preparation and Application of Stem Cells in Parkinson's Disease: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:117. [PMID: 27303288 PMCID: PMC4885841 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressively neurodegenerative disorder, implicitly characterized by a stepwise loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and explicitly marked by bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability. Currently, therapeutic approaches available are mainly palliative strategies, including L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) replacement therapy, DA receptor agonist and deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures. As the disease proceeds, however, the pharmacotherapeutic efficacy is inevitably worn off, worse still, implicated by side effects of motor response oscillations as well as L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID). Therefore, the frustrating status above has propeled the shift to cell replacement therapy (CRT), a promising restorative therapy intending to secure a long-lasting relief of patients' symptoms. By far, stem cell lines of multifarious origins have been established, which can be further categorized into embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced neural stem cells (iNSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this review, we intend to present a compendium of preparation and application of multifarious stem cells, especially in relation to PD research and therapy. In addition, the current status, potential challenges and future prospects for practical CRT in PD patients will be elaborated as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and Mailman Neuroscience Research Center, McLean Hospital Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mardani G, Bolhassani A, Agi E, Shahbazi S, Mehdi Sadat S. Protein vaccination with HPV16 E7/Pep-1 nanoparticles elicits a protective T-helper cell-mediated immune response. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:459-67. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Mardani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Elnaz Agi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Sepideh Shahbazi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sadat
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Emerging landscape of cell penetrating peptide in reprogramming and gene editing. J Control Release 2016; 226:124-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
29
|
Yu J, Guo M, Wang T, Li X, Wang D, Wang X, Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Feng B. Inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion by a glioma-targeted fusion protein combining the p53 C terminus and MDM2-binding domain. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:79-89. [PMID: 26840447 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop multifunctional fusion proteins for targeting and delivering therapy elements into glioma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multifunctional fusion proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni-NTA resin affinity chromatography. Human glioma cells and primary astrocytes were used to analyse their functions. Targeting proteins location to glioma cells was observed by confocal microscopy. Effects of cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit 8 and colony formation assays. Glioma cell migration and invasion were assessed using transwell assays, and apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry. In addition, changes in expression of proteins related to the cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS The protein with highest bioactivity was GL1-riHA2-p53c+m-TAT (GHPc+mT), which combines glioma-targeting peptide GL1 (G), and C terminus (Pc) and mouse double minute domains (Pm) of p53, with the destabilizing lipid membrane peptide riHA2 (H) and cell-penetrating peptide TAT (T). The purified fusion protein was stable in cell culture medium and specifically targeted, and was internalized by, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-overexpressing glioma cells (U87ΔEGFR). It inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while flow cytometric analysis showed increased apoptosis. In addition, GHPc+mT caused significant changes in expression of proteins related to the cell cycle and apoptosis. CONCLUSION GHPc+mT is a multifunctional protein combining targeting, inhibition of glioma cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, providing some potential to be developed into an effective protein drug delivery system for glioma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Meihua Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPP), also known as protein transduction domains (PTD), are small peptides able to carry peptides, proteins, nucleic acid, and nanoparticles, including viral particles, across the cellular membranes into cells, resulting in internalization of the intact cargo. In general, CPPs can be broadly classified into tissue-specific and non-tissue specific peptides, with the latter further sub-divided into three types: (1) cationic peptides of 6-12 amino acids in length comprised predominantly of arginine, lysine and/or ornithine residues; (2) hydrophobic peptides such as leader sequences of secreted growth factors or cytokines; and (3) amphipathic peptides obtained by linking hydrophobic peptides to nuclear localizing signals. Tissue-specific peptides are usually identified by screening of large peptide phage display libraries. These transduction peptides have the potential for a myriad of diagnostic as well as therapeutic applications, ranging from delivery of fluorescent or radioactive compounds for imaging, to delivery of peptides and proteins of therapeutic potential, and improving uptake of DNA, RNA, siRNA and even viral particles. Here we review the potential applications as well as hurdles to the tremendous potential of these CPPs, in particular the cell-type specific peptides.
Collapse
|
31
|
Iguchi Y, Michiue H, Kitamatsu M, Hayashi Y, Takenaka F, Nishiki TI, Matsui H. Tumor-specific delivery of BSH-3R for boron neutron capture therapy and positron emission tomography imaging in a mouse brain tumor model. Biomaterials 2015; 56:10-7. [PMID: 25934274 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a malignant brain tumor with poor disease outcomes, is managed in modern medicine by multimodality therapy. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an encouraging treatment under clinical investigation. In malignant cells, BNCT consists of two major factors: neutron radiation and boron uptake. To increase boron uptake in cells, we created a mercapto-closo-undecahydrododecaborate ([B12HnSH](2-)2Na(+), BSH) fused with a short arginine peptide (1R, 2R, 3R) and checked cellular uptake in vitro and in vivo. In a mouse brain tumor model, only BSH with at least three arginine domains could penetrate cell membranes of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, to monitor the pharmacokinetic properties of these agents in vivo, we fused BSH and BSH-3R with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA); DOTA is a metal chelating agent for labeling positron emission tomography (PET) probe with (64)Cu. We administered BSH-DOTA-(64)Cu and BSH-3R-DOTA-(64)Cu to the tumor model through a mouse tail vein and determined the drugs' pharmacokinetics by PET imaging. BSH-3R showed a high uptake in the tumor area on PET imaging. We concluded that BSH-3R is the ideal boron compound for clinical use during BNCT and that in developing this compound for clinical use, the BSH-3R PET probe is essential for pharmacokinetic imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Iguchi
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Michiue
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Kitamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuri Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Takenaka
- Collaborative Research Center for OMIC, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tei-Ichi Nishiki
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsui
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cesbron Y, Shaheen U, Free P, Lévy R. TAT and HA2 facilitate cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles but do not lead to cytosolic localisation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121683. [PMID: 25836335 PMCID: PMC4383524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods currently available to deliver functional labels and drugs to the cell cytosol are inefficient and this constitutes a major obstacle to cell biology (delivery of sensors and imaging probes) and therapy (drug access to the cell internal machinery). As cell membranes are impermeable to most molecular cargos, viral peptides have been used to bolster their internalisation through endocytosis and help their release to the cytosol by bursting the endosomal vesicles. However, conflicting results have been reported on the extent of the cytosolic delivery achieved. To evaluate their potential, we used gold nanoparticles as model cargos and systematically assessed how the functionalisation of their surface by either or both of the viral peptides TAT and HA2 influenced their intracellular delivery. We evaluated the number of gold nanoparticles present in cells after internalisation using photothermal microscopy and their subcellular localisation by electron microscopy. While their uptake increased when the TAT and/or HA2 viral peptides were present on their surface, we did not observe a significant cytosolic delivery of the gold nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Cesbron
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Structure fédérative de recherche Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Umbreen Shaheen
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Free
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raphaël Lévy
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Delivery of nucleic acids and nanomaterials by cell-penetrating peptides: opportunities and challenges. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:834079. [PMID: 25883975 PMCID: PMC4391616 DOI: 10.1155/2015/834079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many viral and nonviral systems have been developed to aid delivery of biologically active molecules into cells. Among these, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have received increasing attention in the past two decades for biomedical applications. In this review, we focus on opportunities and challenges associated with CPP delivery of nucleic acids and nanomaterials. We first describe the nature of versatile CPPs and their interactions with various types of cargoes. We then discuss in vivo and in vitro delivery of nucleic acids and nanomaterials by CPPs. Studies on the mechanisms of cellular entry and limitations in the methods used are detailed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Generation of pluripotent stem cells without the use of genetic material. J Transl Med 2015; 95:26-42. [PMID: 25365202 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a platform to obtain patient-specific cells for use as a cell source in regenerative medicine. Although iPSCs do not have the ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells, iPSCs have not been widely used in clinical applications, as they are generated by gene transduction. Recently, iPSCs have been generated without the use of genetic material. For example, protein-induced PSCs and chemically induced PSCs have been generated by the use of small and large (protein) molecules. Several epigenetic characteristics are important for cell differentiation; therefore, several small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic-modifying enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, and histone demethylases, are potential candidates for the reprogramming of somatic cells into iPSCs. In this review, we discuss what types of small chemical or large (protein) molecules could be used to replace the viral transduction of genes and/or genetic reprogramming to obtain human iPSCs.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
With the recent advances in regenerative medicine, nanotechnology has created a niche for itself as a promising avenue in this field. Innumerable studies have been carried out by researchers using virus-based methodologies for the purpose of epigenetic reprogramming. Although this method is ostensibly safe, nonetheless, they are tagged with the risk of viral genome integration into the host genome or insertional mutagenesis. Transient transfection by the use of nanocarriers is the best way to overcome these problems. This review focuses on some of the significant works carried out by researchers utilizing nanocarrier systems that have shown promising results and thus created a landmark in the epigenetic reprogramming.
Collapse
|
36
|
Morales DP, Braun GB, Pallaoro A, Chen R, Huang X, Zasadzinski JA, Reich NO. Targeted intracellular delivery of proteins with spatial and temporal control. Mol Pharm 2014; 12:600-9. [PMID: 25490248 PMCID: PMC4319691 DOI: 10.1021/mp500675p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
While
a host of methods exist to deliver genetic materials or small
molecules to cells, very few are available for protein delivery to
the cytosol. We describe a modular, light-activated nanocarrier that
transports proteins into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and
delivers the cargo to the cytosol by light triggered endosomal escape.
The platform is based on hollow gold nanoshells (HGN) with polyhistidine
tagged proteins attached through an avidity-enhanced, nickel chelation
linking layer; here, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a
model deliverable cargo. Endosomal uptake of the GFP loaded nanocarrier
was mediated by a C-end Rule (CendR) internalizing peptide fused to
the GFP. Focused femtosecond pulsed-laser excitation triggered protein
release from the nanocarrier and endosome disruption, and the released
protein was capable of targeting the nucleoli, a model intracellular
organelle. We further demonstrate the generality of the approach by
loading and releasing Sox2 and p53. This method for targeting of individual
cells, with resolution similar to microinjection, provides spatial
and temporal control over protein delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demosthenes P Morales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rosenkranz AA, Ulasov AV, Slastnikova TA, Khramtsov YV, Sobolev AS. Use of intracellular transport processes for targeted drug delivery into a specified cellular compartment. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:928-46. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914090090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
38
|
Ookubo N, Michiue H, Kitamatsu M, Kamamura M, Nishiki TI, Ohmori I, Matsui H. The transdermal inhibition of melanogenesis by a cell-membrane-permeable peptide delivery system based on poly-arginine. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4508-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
39
|
Tsumuraya T, Matsushita M. COPA and SLC4A4 are required for cellular entry of arginine-rich peptides. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86639. [PMID: 24489756 PMCID: PMC3904941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have gained attention as promising tools to enable the delivery of various molecules in a non-invasive manner. Among the CPPs, TAT and poly-arginine have been extensively utilized in numerous studies for the delivery of functional proteins, peptides, and macromolecules to analyze cellular signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms of cellular entry remain largely unknown. Here, we applied siRNA library screening to identify the regulatory genes for the cellular entry of poly-arginine peptide based on microscopic observation of the entry of fluorescent peptides in siRNA-treated cells. In this screening, we identified the cell membrane gene SLC4A4 and the trafficking regulator gene COPA, which also plays an important role in early endosome maturation. These results demonstrated that cellular entry of poly-arginine requires at least two different steps, probably binding on the cell surface and endosomal entry. The identification of genes for cellular entry of poly-arginine provides insights into its mechanisms and should further aid in the development of highly efficient cell-penetrating peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tsumuraya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Michiue H, Sakurai Y, Kondo N, Kitamatsu M, Bin F, Nakajima K, Hirota Y, Kawabata S, Nishiki TI, Ohmori I, Tomizawa K, Miyatake SI, Ono K, Matsui H. The acceleration of boron neutron capture therapy using multi-linked mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate (BSH) fused cell-penetrating peptide. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3396-405. [PMID: 24452095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New anti-cancer therapy with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear reaction of boron-10 with neutron irradiation. The median survival of BNCT patients with glioblastoma was almost twice as long as those receiving standard therapy in a Japanese BNCT clinical trial. In this clinical trial, two boron compounds, BPA (boronophenylalanine) and BSH (sodium borocaptate), were used for BNCT. BPA is taken up into cells through amino acid transporters that are expressed highly in almost all malignant cells, but BSH cannot pass through the cell membrane and remains outside the cell. We simulated the energy transfer against the nucleus at different locations of boron from outside the cell to the nuclear region with neutron irradiation and concluded that there was a marked difference between inside and outside the cell in boron localization. To overcome this disadvantage of BSH in BNCT, we used a cell-penetrating peptide system for transduction of BSH. CPP (cell-membrane penetrating peptide) is very common peptide domains that transduce many physiologically active substances into cells in vitro and in vivo. BSH-fused CPPs can penetrate the cell membrane and localize inside a cell. To increase the boron ratio in one BSH-peptide molecule, 8BSH fused to 11R with a dendritic lysine structure was synthesized and administrated to malignant glioma cells and a brain tumor mouse model. 8BSH-11R localized at the cell nucleus and showed a very high boron value in ICP results. With neutron irradiation, the 8BSH-11R administrated group showed a significant cancer killing effect compared to the 100 times higher concentration of BSH-administrated group. We concluded that BSH-fused CPPs were one of the most improved and potential boron compounds in the next-stage BNCT trial and 8BSH-11R may be applied in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Michiue
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kondo
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kitamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka City, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Feng Bin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Kiichiro Nakajima
- KNC Laboratories, Ltd., 1-1-1, Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 651-2241, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tei-ichi Nishiki
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Iori Ohmori
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Miyatake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Koji Ono
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsui
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Takayama K. [Development of an oligoarginine peptide displaying rapid cell penetration for improved intestinal absorption]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 134:55-61. [PMID: 24389618 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.13-00221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-rich peptides, including oligoarginines (Rn, n=7-12) are cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) and are useful for the intracellular delivery of membrane-impermeable substances. Endocytosed arginine-rich peptides can become trapped in endosomes, and the avoidance of endosomal retention is necessary for achieving effective cytosolic translocation. Our group has succeeded in enhancing the cellular uptake of oligoarginines by introducing short hydrophobic penetration accelerating sequences (Pas). The effectiveness of a Pas segment in improving the oligoarginine-mediated intracellular delivery of a biofunctional peptide was demonstrated through the efficient inhibition of glioma cell growth by a p53 C-terminal-derived retro-inverso peptide. The CPPs were expected to increase the penetration efficiency of low-permeability drugs through the intestinal epithelial cell layer into blood. Drugs conjugated to oligoarginines via a chemically stable linker tend to be retained in the negatively charged intracellular compartment due to the strongly cationic peptides. Our group has proposed the use of a self-cleavable linker strategy that effectively releases the drugs from the oligoarginine peptide. Chemical-triggered self-cleavage produces the parent drug via intramolecular imide formation under physiological conditions. The designed model drug-oligoarginine conjugates were converted with the half-life (t1/2) values of 9-100 min. Conjugates possessing a short t1/2 of 9-10 min improved the transport rate of the parent model drug in a Caco-2 monolayer permeation assay. The Pas attachment to the oligoarginine was also found to be effective in this permeation assay. The Pas attachment may provide a new platform for facilitating arginine-rich CPP-mediated cargo transport.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ng DYW, Fahrer J, Wu Y, Eisele K, Kuan SL, Barth H, Weil T. Efficient delivery of p53 and cytochrome c by supramolecular assembly of a dendritic multi-domain delivery system. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1620-9. [PMID: 23657926 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Versatile nanocarrier systems facilitating uptake of exogenous proteins are highly alluring in evaluating these proteins for therapeutic applications. The self-assembly of an efficient nano-sized protein transporter consisting of three different entities is presented: A streptavidin protein core functioning as an adapter, second generation polyamidoamine dendrons for facilitating cell uptake as well as two different therapeutic proteins (tumor suppressor p53 or pro-apoptotic cytochrome c as cargo). Well-defined dendrons containing a biotin core are prepared and display no cytotoxic behavior upon conjugation to streptavidin. The integration of biotinylated human recombinant p53 (B-p53) into the three component system allows excellent internalization into HeLa, A549 and SaOS osteosarcoma cells monitored via confocal microscopy, immunoblot analysis and co-localization studies. In addition, the conjugation of B-p53 to dendronized streptavidin preserves its specific DNA-binding in vitro, and its delivery into SaOS cells impairs cell viability with concomitant activation of caspases 3 and 7. The versatility of this system is further exhibited by the significant enhancement of the pro-apoptotic effects of internalized cytochrome c which is analyzed by flow cytometry and cell viability assays. These results demonstrate that the "bio-click" self-assembly of biotinylated dendrons and proteins on a streptavidin adapter yields a stable supramolecular complex. This efficient bionanotransporter provides an attractive platform for mediating the delivery of functional proteins of interest into living mammalian cells in a facile and rapid way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Yuen Wah Ng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Han XJ, Sun LF, Nishiyama Y, Feng B, Michiue H, Seno M, Matsui H, Tomizawa K. Theranostic protein targeting ErbB2 for bioluminescence imaging and therapy for cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75288. [PMID: 24069396 PMCID: PMC3775930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of molecular-targeted cancer imaging and therapy is an emerging strategy to improve cancer diagnosis and minimize the side effects of conventional treatments. Here, we generated a recombinant protein, EC1-GLuc-p53C, by fusing EC1 peptide, an artificial ligand of ErbB2, with Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) and a p53-activating peptide, p53C. EC1-GLuc-p53C was expressed and purified from E. coli BL21. In vitro experiments showed that EC1-GLuc-p53c was stable in luminescent activity and selectively targeted ErbB2-overexpressing BT474 cells for bioluminescence imaging. Moreover, the internalized EC1-GLuc-p53C in BT474 cells exerted its function to reactivate p53 and significantly inhibited cellular proliferation. In tumor-bearing mice, the ErbB2-targeted bioluminescence imaging and therapeutic effect of EC1-GLuc-p53C were also observed specifically in BT474 tumors but not in MCF7 tumors, which does not overexpress ErbB2. Thus, the present study demonstrates EC1-GLuc-p53C to be an effective theranostic reagent targeting ErbB2 for bioluminescence imaging and cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Han
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Fei Sun
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hiroyuki Michiue
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsui
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Potent killing of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma by a chimeric protein of anti-HBsAg single-chain antibody and truncated Bid. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4880-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
45
|
Intracellular delivery of nanoparticles and DNAs by IR9 cell-penetrating peptides. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64205. [PMID: 23724035 PMCID: PMC3665793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) comprised of basic amino residues are able to cross cytoplasmic membranes and are able to deliver biologically active molecules inside cells. However, CPP/cargo entrapment in endosome limits biomedical utility as cargoes are destroyed in the acidic environment. In this study, we demonstrate protein transduction of a novel CPP comprised of an INF7 fusion peptide and nona-arginine (designated IR9). IR9 noncovalently interacts with quantum dots (QDs) and DNAs to form stable IR9/QD and IR9/DNA complexes which are capable of entering human A549 cells. Zeta-potentials were a better predictor of transduction efficiency than gel shift analysis, emphasizing the importance of electrostatic interactions of CPP/cargo complexes with plasma membranes. Mechanistic studies revealed that IR9, IR9/QD and IR9/DNA complexes may enter cells by endocytosis. Further, IR9, IR9/QD and IR9/DNA complexes were not cytotoxic at concentrations below 30, 5 and 20.1 µM, respectively. Without labor intensive production of fusion proteins from prokaryotes, these results indicate that IR9 could be a safe carrier of genes and drugs in biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
46
|
Onishi M, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Michiue H, Fujii K, Ishida J, Shimazu Y, Chiocca EA, Kaur B, Date I. Gene expression profiling of the anti-glioma effect of Cilengitide. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:160. [PMID: 23667810 PMCID: PMC3647089 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cilengitide (EMD121974), an inhibitor of the adhesive function of integrins, demonstrated preclinical efficacy against malignant glioma. It is speculated that cilengitide can inhibit tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. However, the effects of cilengitide on these processes have not been sufficiently examined. In this study, we investigated the anti-glioma effect of cilengitide using DNA microarray analysis. U87ΔEGFR cells (human malignant glioma cell line) were used for this experiment. The cells were harvested after 16 h of cilengitide treatment, and mRNA was extracted. Gene expression and pathway analyses were performed using a DNA microarray (CodeLink™Human Whole Genome Bioarray). The expression of 265 genes was changed with cilengitide treatment. The expression of 214 genes was up-regulated by more than 4-fold and the expression of 51 genes was down-regulated by more than 4-fold compared to the controls. In pathway analysis, “apoptotic cleavage of cellular proteins” and “TNF receptor signaling pathway” were over-represented. Apoptotic-associated genes such as caspase 8 were up-regulated. Gene expression profiling revealed more detailed mechanism of the anti-glioma effect of cilengitide. Genes associated with apoptosis were over-represented following cilengitide treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Onishi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Four recombinant pluripotency transcriptional factors containing a protein transduction domain maintained the in vitro pluripotency of chicken embryonic stem cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 56:40-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
48
|
Yang Y, Liu B, Dong J, Zhang L, Pang M, Rong L. Proteins reprogramming: present and future. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:453185. [PMID: 23226982 PMCID: PMC3512271 DOI: 10.1100/2012/453185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are of great clinical interest for they are derived from one's own somatic cells and have the potential of committed differentiation without immunological rejection after autografting. However, the use of viral and other modified vectors may still cause tumorigenesis due to chromosome insertion mutation, leading to limited practical use. iPSCs generated by reprogramming proteins overcome the potential safety risk and complicated manipulation procedures, thus they own better application prospective, yet some technical difficulties need to be studied and resolved, for instance, low reprogramming efficiency, unclear transduction, and reprogramming mechanism. In this paper, we summarize the current progress of proteins reprogramming technology for generation of iPSCs and discuss the promising efficiency-improved reprogramming methods by proteins plus other kinds of chemical compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 0086-510630, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Erazo-Oliveras A, Muthukrishnan N, Baker R, Wang TY, Pellois JP. Improving the endosomal escape of cell-penetrating peptides and their cargos: strategies and challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:1177-1209. [PMID: 24223492 PMCID: PMC3816665 DOI: 10.3390/ph5111177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) can deliver cell-impermeable therapeutic cargos into cells. In particular, CPP-cargo conjugates tend to accumulate inside cells by endocytosis. However, they often remain trapped inside endocytic organelles and fail to reach the cytosolic space of cells efficiently. In this review, the evidence for CPP-mediated endosomal escape is discussed. In addition, several strategies that have been utilized to enhance the endosomal escape of CPP-cargos are described. The recent development of branched systems that display multiple copies of a CPP is presented. The use of viral or synthetic peptides that can disrupt the endosomal membrane upon activation by the low pH of endosomes is also discussed. Finally, we survey how CPPs labeled with chromophores can be used in combination with light to stimulate endosomal lysis. The mechanisms and challenges associated with these intracellular delivery methodologies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-979-845-0101; Fax: +1-979-862-4718
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Salomone F, Cardarelli F, Di Luca M, Boccardi C, Nifosì R, Bardi G, Di Bari L, Serresi M, Beltram F. A novel chimeric cell-penetrating peptide with membrane-disruptive properties for efficient endosomal escape. J Control Release 2012; 163:293-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|