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Tarhda Z, Ibrahimi A. Insight into the mechanism of lipids binding and uptake by CD36 receptor. Bioinformation 2015; 11:302-6. [PMID: 26229291 PMCID: PMC4512005 DOI: 10.6026/97320630011302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane protein CD36 is a member of the class B scavenger receptor family. It plays a crucial role in some cardiovascular pathologies and metabolic diseases. Studying the mechanism of action of CD36 receptor is limited due to the absence of its tridimensional crystallized structure. The molecular docking method has allowed us to perform various simulation of the CD36 receptor interaction with their ligands involved in the development of some diseases. In this work, we predicted a tridimensional structure model of CD36 extracellular domain. In addition, we have achieved several tests of rigid and flexible docking by acting on residues proposed in previous experimental researches as essential in fixing of LFCAs. Furthermore, we have acted on regions that appear a key binding site of LFCAs. The physicoc hemical evaluation indicated the reliability of the proposed CD36 structure used for different molecular docking tests. Based on the docking outcome, we were able to propose the different steps of the mechanism allowing the interaction of fatty acids on CD36 receptor and their penetration into the cell cytoplasm. The obtained results and taking in consideration CD36 receptor as a therapeutic target will help us to suggest the mechanism by which an antagonist may inhibit this receptor by acting on its extracellular domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Tarhda
- Biotechnology lab (MedBiotech), Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Azeddine Ibrahimi
- Biotechnology lab (MedBiotech), Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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2
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Rogers NM, Sharifi-Sanjani M, Csányi G, Pagano PJ, Isenberg JS. Thrombospondin-1 and CD47 regulation of cardiac, pulmonary and vascular responses in health and disease. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:92-101. [PMID: 24418252 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular homeostasis and health is maintained through the balanced interactions of cardiac generated blood flow and cross-talk between the cellular components that comprise blood vessels. Central to this cross-talk is endothelial generated nitric oxide (NO) that stimulates relaxation of the contractile vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) layer of blood vessels. In cardiovascular disease this balanced interaction is disrupted and NO signaling is lost. Work over the last several years indicates that regulation of NO is much more complex than previously believed. It is now apparent that the secreted protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), that is upregulated in cardiovascular disease and animal models of the same, on activating cell surface receptor CD47, redundantly inhibits NO production and NO signaling. This inhibitory event has implications for baseline and disease-related responses mediated by NO. Further work has identified that TSP1-CD47 signaling stimulates enzymatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to further limit blood flow and promote vascular disease. Herein consideration is given to the most recent discoveries in this regard which identify the TSP1-CD47 axis as a major proximate governor of cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Rogers
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | | | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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3
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Lu J, Qian W, Xu L, Huang G, Cong W, Wang Z, Deng X, Wang D, Guan S. Phytochemical composition and toxicity of an antioxidant extract from Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:409-415. [PMID: 22743580 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai (PB) is one of the most favored edible greens grown in Asian regions. In our previously study, we found PB extract had antioxidant effects in vitro. In the present study, an EtOAc soluble extract (PBet) was isolated from PB. Then the antioxidant properties at cellular level, phytochemical composition and toxicity of PBet were examined. The results indicated that PBet (0.5-2mg/mL) could protect Bel-7404 cells from H(2)O(2) induced cell damage through scavenging of intracellular ROS. Moreover, myristic acid, 24ζ-methyl-5α-lanosta-25-one, β-sitosterol, pregnenolone and β-daucosterol were firstly isolated from PB. In addition, PBet (0.75g/kg BW, ig) had no acute toxicity and it (0.03-0.12g/kg BW, ig, 7 d) could not influence the rate of bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes micronucleus and chromosome aberration in KM mice. All above findings suggested that PBet could be considered as a safe functional food with antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Light Industry Economics and Management, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China; Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Qian
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Light Industry Economics and Management, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Linli Xu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Light Industry Economics and Management, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoren Huang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Light Industry Economics and Management, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Cong
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Light Industry Economics and Management, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Light Industry Economics and Management, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Wang
- Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Light Industry Economics and Management, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China; Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Miller TW, Isenberg JS, Shih HB, Wang Y, Roberts DD. Amyloid-β inhibits No-cGMP signaling in a CD36- and CD47-dependent manner. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15686. [PMID: 21203512 PMCID: PMC3008726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β interacts with two cell surface receptors, CD36 and CD47, through which the matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 inhibits soluble guanylate cyclase activation. Here we examine whether amyloid-β shares this inhibitory activity. Amyloid-β inhibited both drug and nitric oxide-mediated activation of soluble guanylate cyclase in several cell types. Known cGMP-dependent functional responses to nitric oxide in platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells were correspondingly inhibited by amyloid-β. Functional interaction of amyloid-β with the scavenger receptor CD36 was indicated by inhibition of free fatty acid uptake via this receptor. Both soluble oligomer and fibrillar forms of amyloid-β were active. In contrast, amyloid-β did not compete with the known ligand SIRPα for binding to CD47. However, both receptors were necessary for amyloid-β to inhibit cGMP accumulation. These data suggest that amyloid-β interaction with CD36 induces a CD47-dependent signal that inhibits soluble guanylate cyclase activation. Combined with the pleiotropic effects of inhibiting free fatty acid transport via CD36, these data provides a molecular mechanism through which amyloid-β can contribute to the nitric oxide signaling deficiencies associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Miller
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeff S. Isenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hubert B. Shih
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute–National Institutes of Health Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yichen Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Wang M, Bai J, Chen WN, Ching CB. Metabolomic profiling of cellular responses to carvedilol enantiomers in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15441. [PMID: 21124793 PMCID: PMC2991354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol is a non-selective β-blocker indicated in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Although the differential pharmacological effects of individual Carvedilol enantiomer is supported by preceding studies, the cellular response to each enantiomer is not well understood. Here we report the use of GC-MS metabolomic profiling to study the effects of Carvedilol enantiomers on vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5) and to shed new light on molecular events underlying Carvedilol treatment. The metabolic analysis revealed alternations in the levels of 8 intracellular metabolites and 5 secreted metabolites in A7r5 cells incubated separately with S- and R-Carvedilol. Principal component analysis of the metabolite data demonstrated the characteristic metabolic signatures in S- and R-Carvedilol-treated cells. A panel of metabolites, including L-serine, L-threonine, 5-oxoproline, myristic acid, palmitic acid and inositol are closely correlated to the vascular smooth muscle contraction. Our findings reveal the differentiating metabolites for A7r5 cells incubated with individual enantiomer of Carvedilol, which opens new perspectives to employ metabolic profiling platform to study chiral drug-cell interactions and aid their incorporation into future improvement of β-blocker therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Chi Bun Ching
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Kaur S, Martin-Manso G, Pendrak ML, Garfield SH, Isenberg JS, Roberts DD. Thrombospondin-1 inhibits VEGF receptor-2 signaling by disrupting its association with CD47. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38923-32. [PMID: 20923780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.172304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) can inhibit angiogenic responses directly by interacting with VEGF and indirectly by engaging several endothelial cell TSP1 receptors. We now describe a more potent mechanism by which TSP1 inhibits VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) activation through engaging its receptor CD47. CD47 ligation is known to inhibit downstream signaling targets of VEGFR2, including endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase, but direct effects on VEGFR2 have not been examined. Based on FRET and co-immunoprecipitation, CD47 constitutively associated with VEGFR2. Ligation of CD47 by TSP1 abolished resonance energy transfer with VEGFR2 and inhibited phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream target Akt without inhibiting VEGF binding to VEGFR2. The inhibitory activity of TSP1 in large vessel and microvascular endothelial cells was replicated by a recombinant domain of the protein containing its CD47-binding site and by a CD47-binding peptide derived from this domain but not by the CD36-binding domain of TSP1. Inhibition of VEGFR2 phosphorylation was lost when CD47 expression was suppressed in human endothelial cells and in murine CD47-null cells. These results reveal that anti-angiogenic signaling through CD47 is highly redundant and extends beyond inhibition of nitric oxide signaling to global inhibition of VEGFR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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8
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Abstract
The endothelium is critical for the maintenance of a proper vessel function. Disturbances of endothelial function, called endothelial dysfunction, have serious implications, and lead to the development of atherosclerosis. It is well established that the risk for atherosclerosis development is influenced by nutritional factors such as the intake of certain fatty acids. Due to the fundamental role of the endothelium for atherosclerosis development, it is, therefore, likely that fatty acids directly influence the function of endothelial cells. The present review aims to explain the divergent effects of different types of fatty acids on cardiovascular disease risk by summarizing in vitro-data on the effects of fatty acids on (1) important signalling pathways involved in the modulation of endothelial cell function, and (2) endothelial cell functional properties, namely vasoactive mediator release and mononuclear cell recruitment, both of which are typically dysregulated during endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Kyriakides TR, MacLauchlan S. The role of thrombospondins in wound healing, ischemia, and the foreign body reaction. J Cell Commun Signal 2009; 3:215-25. [PMID: 19844806 PMCID: PMC2778594 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-009-0077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin (TSP) 1 and TSP2 have been implicated in the regulation of several processes during tissue repair. Due to their matricellular nature, these proteins are thought to modulate cell-matrix interactions through a variety of mechanisms specific to the spatio-temporal context of their expression. Most notably, TSP1 and TSP2 appear to play distinct, non-overlapping roles in the healing of skin wounds. In contrast, both proteins have been implicated as regulators of ischemia-induced angiogenesis. Moreover, TSP2 has been shown to be a critical regulator of angiogenesis in the foreign body response (FBR). In this review, we discuss the role of TSPs in tissue repair and examine the mechanistic data regarding the ability of the thrombospondins to modulate cell-matrix interactions in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themis R. Kyriakides
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and Departments of Pathology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208089, New Haven, CT 06520-8089 USA
| | - Susan MacLauchlan
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics and Departments of Pathology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
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10
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Miller TW, Isenberg JS, Roberts DD. Molecular regulation of tumor angiogenesis and perfusion via redox signaling. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3099-124. [PMID: 19374334 PMCID: PMC2801866 DOI: 10.1021/cr8005125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David D. Roberts
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: NIH, Building 10, Room 2A33, 10 Center Dr, MSC1500, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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Chechi K, McGuire JJ, Cheema SK. Developmental programming of lipid metabolism and aortic vascular function in C57BL/6 mice: a novel study suggesting an involvement of LDL-receptor. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 296:R1029-40. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90932.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a maternal high-fat diet, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), alters the lipid metabolism of their adult offspring. The present study was designed to investigate 1) whether alterations in hepatic LDL-receptor (LDL-r) expression may serve as a potential mechanism of developmental programming behind the altered lipid metabolism of the offspring, 2) whether altered lipid metabolism leads to aortic vascular dysfunction in the offspring, 3) whether deleterious effects of SFA exposure preweaning are influenced by postweaning diet, and 4) whether gender-specific programming effects are observed. Female C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high-SFA diet or regular chow during gestation and lactation while their pups, both male and female, received either SFA or a chow diet after weaning. Male offspring obtained from mothers fed an SFA diet and those who continued on chow postweaning had higher plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol, whereas female offspring had higher plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels, lower hepatic LDL-r mRNA expression, and reduced aortic contractile responses compared with the offspring that were fed chow throughout the study. A comparison of the postweaning diet revealed significantly lower hepatic LDL-r expression along with significantly higher plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration in the female offspring that were obtained from mothers fed an SFA diet and who continued on an SFA diet postweaning, compared with the female offspring that were obtained from mothers fed an SFA diet but who continued on chow postweaning. In conclusion, we report a novel observation of hepatic LDL-r-mediated programming of altered lipid metabolism, along with aortic vascular dysfunction, in the female offspring of mothers fed a high-SFA diet. Male offspring only exhibited dyslipidemia, suggesting gender-mediated programming. This study further highlighted the role of postweaning diets in overriding the effects of maternal programming.
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Beauchamp E, Rioux V, Legrand P. [New regulatory and signal functions for myristic acid]. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:57-63. [PMID: 19154695 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200925157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myristic acid is a 14 carbon saturated fatty acid, which is mostly found in milk fat. In industrialized countries, its excessive consumption is correlated with an increase in plasma cholesterol and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, one feature of this fatty acid is its ability to acylate proteins, a reaction which is called N-terminal myristoylation. This article describes various examples of important cellular regulations where the intervention of myristic acid is proven. Modulations of the cellular concentration of this fatty acid and its associated myristoylation function might be used as regulators of these metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Beauchamp
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus Rennes-INRA USC 2012, 65, rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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13
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Isenberg JS, Martin-Manso G, Maxhimer JB, Roberts DD. Regulation of nitric oxide signalling by thrombospondin 1: implications for anti-angiogenic therapies. Nat Rev Cancer 2009; 9:182-94. [PMID: 19194382 PMCID: PMC2796182 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to long-term regulation of angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factor signalling through nitric oxide (NO) acutely controls blood flow and haemostasis. Inhibition of this pathway may account for the hypertensive and pro-thrombotic side effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists that are currently used for cancer treatment. The first identified endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, thrombospondin 1, also controls tissue perfusion, haemostasis and radiosensitivity by antagonizing NO signalling. We examine the role of these and other emerging activities of thrombospondin 1 in cancer. Clarifying how endogenous and therapeutic angiogenesis inhibitors regulate vascular NO signalling could facilitate development of more selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Isenberg
- Hemostasis and Vascular Biology Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Su X, Abumrad NA. Cellular fatty acid uptake: a pathway under construction. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2009; 20:72-7. [PMID: 19185504 PMCID: PMC2845711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane uptake of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) is the first step in cellular FA utilization and a point of metabolic regulation. CD36 facilitates a major fraction of FA uptake by key tissues. This review highlights the contribution of CD36 to pathophysiology in rodents and humans. Novel concepts regarding regulation of CD36-facilitated uptake are discussed (i.e. the role of membrane rafts and caveolae, CD36 recycling between intracellular depots and the membrane, and chemical modifications of the protein that impact its turnover and recruitment). Importantly, CD36 membrane levels and turnover are abnormal in diabetes, resulting in dysfunctional FA utilization. In addition, variants in the CD36 gene were shown recently to influence susceptibility for the metabolic syndrome, which greatly increases the risk of diabetes and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Su
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Pravenec M, Churchill PC, Churchill MC, Viklicky O, Kazdova L, Aitman TJ, Petretto E, Hubner N, Wallace CA, Zimdahl H, Zidek V, Landa V, Dunbar J, Bidani A, Griffin K, Qi N, Maxova M, Kren V, Mlejnek P, Wang J, Kurtz TW. Identification of renal Cd36 as a determinant of blood pressure and risk for hypertension. Nat Genet 2008; 40:952-4. [PMID: 18587397 DOI: 10.1038/ng.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To identify renally expressed genes that influence risk for hypertension, we integrated expression quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of the kidney with genome-wide correlation analysis of renal expression profiles and blood pressure in recombinant inbred strains derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). This strategy, together with renal transplantation studies in SHR progenitor, transgenic and congenic strains, identified deficient renal expression of Cd36 encoding fatty acid translocase as a genetically determined risk factor for spontaneous hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology and Center for Applied Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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Isenberg JS, Frazier WA, Roberts DD. Thrombospondin-1: a physiological regulator of nitric oxide signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65:728-42. [PMID: 18193160 PMCID: PMC2562780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-007-7488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 is a secreted protein that modulates vascular cell behavior via several cell surface receptors. In vitro, nanomolar concentrations of thrombospondin-1 are required to alter endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion, proliferation, motility, and survival. Yet, much lower levels of thrombospondin-1 are clearly functional in vivo. This discrepancy was explained with the discovery that the potency of thrombospondin-1 increases more than 100-fold in the presence of physiological levels of nitric oxide (NO). Thrombospondin-1 binding to CD47 inhibits NO signaling by preventing cGMP synthesis and activation of its target cGMP-dependent protein kinase. This potent antagonism of NO signaling allows thrombospondin-1 to acutely constrict blood vessels, accelerate platelet aggregation, and if sustained, inhibit angiogenic responses. Acute antagonism of NO signaling by thrombospondin-1 is important for hemostasis but becomes detrimental for tissue survival of ischemic injuries. New therapeutic approaches targeting thrombospondin-1 or CD47 can improve recovery from ischemic injuries and overcome a deficit in NO-responsiveness in aging. (Part of a Multi-author Review).
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Isenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2A33, 10 Center Dr MSC1500, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | - W. A. Frazier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 USA
| | - D. D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2A33, 10 Center Dr MSC1500, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
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17
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White J, Guerin T, Swanson H, Post S, Zhu H, Gong M, Liu J, Everson WV, Li XA, Graf GA, Ballard HO, Ross SA, Smart EJ. Diabetic HDL-associated myristic acid inhibits acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide generation by preventing the association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase with calmodulin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 294:C295-305. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00042.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we examined whether diabetes affected the ability of HDL to stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production. Using HDL isolated from both diabetic humans and diabetic mouse models, we found that female HDL no longer induced NO synthesis, despite containing equivalent amounts of estrogen as nondiabetic controls. Furthermore, HDL isolated from diabetic females and males prevented acetylcholine-induced stimulation of NO generation. Analyses of both the human and mouse diabetic HDL particles showed that the HDLs contained increased levels of myristic acid. To determine whether myristic acid associated with HDL particles was responsible for the decrease in NO generation, myristic acid was added to HDL isolated from nondiabetic humans and mice. Myristic acid-associated HDL inhibited the generation of NO in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, diabetic HDL did not alter the levels of endothelial NO synthase or acetylcholine receptors associated with the cells. Surprisingly, diabetic HDL inhibited ionomycin-induced stimulation of NO production without affecting ionomycin-induced increases in intracellular calcium. Further analysis indicated that diabetic HDL prevented calmodulin from interacting with endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) but did not affect the activation of calmodulin kinase or calcium-independent mechanisms for stimulating eNOS. These studies are the first to show that a specific fatty acid associated with HDL inhibits the stimulation of NO generation. These findings have important implications regarding cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients.
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18
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Couloubaly S, Deloménie C, Rousseau D, Paul JL, Grynberg A, Pourci ML. Fatty acid incorporation in endothelial cells and effects on endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37:692-9. [PMID: 17696958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nature of fatty acids provided by the diet as well as plasma lipid metabolism can modify the composition and properties of plasma membrane and thus the activity of membrane proteins. In humans, as well as in experimental models, diabetes is associated with both an alteration in serum lipid profile and a documented endothelial dysfunction. This in vitro study investigated on an immortalized human endothelial cell line (EA.hy 926) the specific effects of several free fatty acids (FFAs) on the composition of cellular membranes and the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS 0.1% of lipid deprived serum was added to the incubation medium with 25 mM glucose in order to study the effects of individual fatty acids: myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid or linoleic acid at 100 microM bound with albumin. The effects of the FFAs on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase were investigated on mRNA level by quantitative PCR, on protein level and Ser1177 phosphorylation by Western blot and on enzymatic activity on living cells using radiolabelled arginine. RESULTS Free linoleic acid increased the membrane content in n-6 fatty acids (mainly C18: n-6 and its metabolites) with a decrease in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. These conditions decreased the basal eNOS activity and reduced the phosphorylation of eNOS-Ser1177 due to activation by histamine. Free palmitic acid enriched the membranes with 16 : 0 with a slight decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids. These conditions increased eNOS activation without increasing Ser1177 phosphorylation upon histamine activation. The addition of the other FFAs also resulted in modifications of membrane composition, which did not to affect eNOS-Ser1177 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Among the fatty acids used, only modification of the membrane composition due to linoleic acid supply disturbed the basal enzymatic activity and Ser1177 phosphorylation of eNOS in a way that limited the role of histamine activation. Linoleic acid might involve the dysfunction of both eNOS basal activity and its phosphorylation status and may then contribute to an impaired vasodilatation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Couloubaly
- UMR 1154-INRA, and IFR 141, Université Paris-Sud11, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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19
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Abstract
Genetic studies of human and experimental hypertension provide a means to identify key pathways that predispose individuals to increased blood pressure and associated risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The pathways so identified can then serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. This article discusses genetic studies in animal models of hypertension in which specific genes have been identified that regulate blood pressure and biochemical features of the metabolic syndrome. Consistent with studies in humans with monogenic disorders of blood pressure regulation, studies in rat models have demonstrated that naturally occurring genetic variation in pathways regulating sodium chloride transport can contribute to inherited variation in blood pressure. Such studies have also indicated that naturally occurring variation in genes, such as Cd36, that regulate fatty acid metabolism and ectopic accumulation of fat and fat metabolites can influence both biochemical and hemodynamic features of the metabolic syndrome and mediate the antidiabetic effects of drugs that activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. Angiotensin II receptor blockers with the ability to selectively modulate activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and expression of genes in these fat metabolism pathways may represent useful prototypes for a new class of transcription modulating drugs aimed at treating patients with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology and Center for Applied Genomics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Isenberg JS, Jia Y, Fukuyama J, Switzer CH, Wink DA, Roberts DD. Thrombospondin-1 inhibits nitric oxide signaling via CD36 by inhibiting myristic acid uptake. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:15404-15. [PMID: 17416590 PMCID: PMC2430148 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701638200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although CD36 is generally recognized to be an inhibitory signaling receptor for thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), the molecular mechanism for transduction of this signal remains unclear. Based on evidence that myristic acid and TSP1 each modulate endothelial cell nitric oxide signaling in a CD36-dependent manner, we examined the ability of TSP1 to modulate the fatty acid translocase activity of CD36. TSP1 and a CD36 antibody that mimics the activity of TSP1 inhibited myristate uptake. Recombinant TSP1 type 1 repeats were weakly inhibitory, but an anti-angiogenic peptide derived from this domain potently inhibited myristate uptake. This peptide also inhibited membrane translocation of the myristoylated CD36 signaling target Fyn and activation of Src family kinases. Myristate uptake stimulated cGMP synthesis via endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase. CD36 ligands blocked myristate-stimulated cGMP accumulation in proportion to their ability to inhibit myristate uptake. TSP1 also inhibited myristate-stimulated cGMP synthesis by engaging its receptor CD47. Myristate stimulated endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion on type I collagen via the NO/cGMP pathway, and CD36 ligands that inhibit myristate uptake blocked this response. Therefore, the fatty acid translocase activity of CD36 elicits proangiogenic signaling in vascular cells, and TSP1 inhibits this response by simultaneously inhibiting fatty acid uptake via CD36 and downstream cGMP signaling via CD47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S. Isenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yifeng Jia
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Julia Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Christopher H. Switzer
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - David A. Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: NIH, Building 10, Room 2A33, 10 Center Dr MSC1500, Bethesda, MD 20892 phone (301)496-6264, e-mail:
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21
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Burdock GA, Carabin IG. Safety assessment of myristic acid as a food ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:517-29. [PMID: 17141389 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myristic acid is used in the food industry as a flavor ingredient. It is found widely distributed in fats throughout the plant and animal kingdom, including common human foodstuffs, such as nutmeg. Myristic acid (a 14-carbon, straight-chain saturated fatty acid) has been shown to have a low order of acute oral toxicity in rodents. It may be irritating in pure form to skin and eyes under exaggerated exposure conditions, but is not known or predicted to induce sensitization responses. Myristic acid did not induce a mutagenic response in either bacterial or mammalian systems in vitro. Relevant subchronic toxicity data are available on closely related fatty acid analogs. In particular, a NOEL of >6000mg/kg was reported for lauric acid (a 12-carbon, straight-chain saturated fatty acid) following dietary exposure to male rats for 18 weeks and a NOEL of >5000mg/kg was reported for palmitic acid (a 16-carbon, straight-chain saturated fatty acid) following dietary exposure to rats for 150 days. The data and information that are available indicate that at the current level of intake, food flavoring use of myristic acid does not pose a health risk to humans.
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Yasunaga T, Koga S, Ikeda S, Yasuoka C, Sonoda Y, Tanioka Y, Kohno S. Cluster differentiation-36 deficiency type 1 and acute coronary syndrome without major cardiovascular risk factors: case report. Circ J 2007; 71:166-9. [PMID: 17186996 DOI: 10.1253/circj.71.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A 45-year-old man without major coronary risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, or a family history of early cardiovascular disease, presented with acute coronary syndrome. Angiography showed thrombus formation in segment 7 of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and percutaneous coronary intervention was successful after implantation of a bare metal stent. Scintigraphy showed the absence of 123I-beta-methyl-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid accumulation in the myocardium. Flow cytometric analysis of platelets and monocytes showed the absence of cluster differentiation (CD)-36 expression. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of CD36 deficiency type 1, which might be associated with cardiovascular disease. The patient had no apparent major coronary risk factors except for insulin resistance and an abnormal lipoprotein profile. The findings suggest that in this case the CD36 deficiency type 1 was the pathogenic mechanism of acute coronary syndrome relative to insulin resistance and modification of the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Yasunaga
- Cardiovascular Center, Omura Municipal Hospital, Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan
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23
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Abstract
There is a strong link between high fat intake and obesity. In addition to its high caloric density, dietary fat has a hyperphagic effect, in part as a result of its high palatability. The recent identification by Laugerette et al. of CD36 as a taste receptor for fatty acids provides insight into the molecular basis of our preference for fat (see the related article beginning on page 3177). As we gain more information regarding the function of this receptor, we may be able to devise better strategies to address the addictive potential of dietary fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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