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Anastasilakis AD, Yavropoulou MP, Palermo A, Makras P, Paccou J, Tabacco G, Naciu AM, Tsourdi E. Romosozumab versus parathyroid hormone receptor agonists: which osteoanabolic to choose and when? Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 191:R9-R21. [PMID: 38938063 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Osteoanabolic agents are used as a first line treatment in patients at high fracture risk. The PTH receptor 1 (PTH1R) agonists teriparatide (TPTD) and abaloparatide (ABL) increase bone formation, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone strength by activating PTH receptors on osteoblasts. Romosozumab (ROMO), a humanized monoclonal antibody against sclerostin, dramatically but transiently stimulates bone formation and persistently reduces bone resorption. Osteoanabolic agents increase BMD and bone strength while being more effective than antiresorptives in reducing fracture risk in postmenopausal women. However, direct comparisons of the antifracture benefits of osteoanabolic therapies are limited. In a direct comparison of TPTD and ABL, the latter resulted in greater BMD increases at the hip. While no differences in vertebral or non-vertebral fracture risk were observed between the two drugs, ABL led to a greater reduction of major osteoporotic fractures. Adverse event profiles were similar between the two agents except for hypercalcemia, which occurred more often with TPTD. No direct comparisons of fracture risk reduction between ROMO and the PTH1R agonists exist. Individual studies have shown greater increases in BMD and bone strength with ROMO compared with TPTD in treatment-naive women and in women previously treated with bisphosphonates. Some safety aspects, such as a history of tumor precluding the use of PTH1R agonists, and a history of major cardiovascular events precluding the use of ROMO, should also be considered when choosing between these agents. Finally, convenience of administration, reimbursement by national health systems and length of clinical experience may influence patient choice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria P Yavropoulou
- Endocrinology Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon University Hospital of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Polyzois Makras
- Department of Medical Research, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens 115 25, Greece
| | - Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Gaia Tabacco
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Anda Mihaela Naciu
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Elena Tsourdi
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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Małecki M, Okulewicz P, Lisak M, Safranow K, Domański L, Ciechanowski K, Gołembiewska E. Osteoprotegerin and Inflammation in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2345. [PMID: 38673616 PMCID: PMC11050923 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family involved in processes in many inflammatory states. OPG concentration is enhanced in the majority of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and those undergoing renal replacement therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the relation of OPG and chronic inflammation in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and to evaluate whether OPG concentrations in plasma and dialysate were related to plasma and dialysate levels of proinflammatory mediators (interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 33 (IL-33) and interleukin 1 receptor-like 1IL-1RL1 (IL-1RL1, sST2)). Methods: The study included 37 patients of the Peritoneal Dialysis Center, Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Szczecin, Poland, 4-6 weeks after the onset of peritoneal dialysis therapy. During a peritoneal equilibration test, plasma (at 2 h) and dialysate (at 4 h) OPG, IL-33, 1IL-1RL1 (sST2), IL-6 and hsCRP concentrations were determined. Results: Plasma concentration of OPG did not correlate with dialysate OPG level (Rs = 0.04, p = 0.8). There was a strong positive correlation between plasma OPG concentrations and plasma IL-1RL1 (sST2) (Rs = 0.41; p = 0.01), plasma IL-6 (Rs = 0.38; p = 0.01) and plasma hsCRP (Rs = 0.35; p = 0.02). Dialysate OPG concentrations were positively associated with dialysate IL-1RL1 (sST2) (Rs = 0.37; p = 0.02) and dialysate IL-6 levels (Rs = 0.44; p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that higher IL-1RL1 (sST2) (ß = +0.38, p = 0.006), higher plasma hsCRP (ß = +0.32, p = 0.02) and older age (ß = +0.35, p = 0.01) were independent determinants of higher plasma OPG concentration and that higher concentrations of dialysate IL-6 (ß = +0.37, p = 0.02) were independent determinants of higher dialysate OPG concentration. Conclusions: Both plasma and dialysate OPG levels are associated with the severity of systemic and local inflammation illustrated by the plasma and dialysate concentrations of IL-1RL1 (sST2), hsCRP and IL-6, suggesting that OPG might have a pivotal role in explaining the milieu of systemic and intraperitoneal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Małecki
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Okulewicz
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Lisak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Leszek Domański
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Ciechanowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Edyta Gołembiewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Suh SH, Oh TR, Choi HS, Kim CS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Oh KH, Jung JY, Hyun YY, Kim SW. Circulating osteoprotegerin as a cardiac biomarker for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease: the KNOW-CKD study. Clin Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00392-024-02382-w. [PMID: 38319325 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-024-02382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diagnosis is challenging. Moreover, no specific biomarker for HFpEF has been validated in patients with CKD. The present study aimed to investigate the association between serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels and the risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), a surrogate of HFpEF, in patients with pre-dialysis CKD. METHODS A total of 2039 patients with CKD at stage 1 to pre-dialysis 5 were categorized into quartiles (Q1 to Q4) by serum OPG levels, and were cross-sectionally analyzed. The study outcome was LVDD, which was operationally defined as the ratio of early transmitral blood flow velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/e') > 14. RESULTS In the analysis of baseline characteristics, higher serum OPG levels were clearly related to the risk factors of HFpEF. A scatter plot analysis revealed a moderate correlation between serum OPG levels and E/e' (R = 0.351, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of LVDD in Q3 (adjusted odds ratio 2.576, 95% confidence interval 1.279 to 5.188) and Q4 (adjusted odds ratio 3.536, 95% confidence interval 1.657 to 7.544) was significantly higher than that in Q1. CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum OPG levels are associated with the risk of LVDD in patients with pre-dialysis CKD. The measurement of serum OPG levels may help the diagnosis of LVDD, which is an important echocardiographic feature of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Heon Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Tae Ryom Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Hong Sang Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Chang Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Youl Hyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju, 61469, Korea.
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Hirata W, Itatani Y, Masui H, Kawada K, Mizuno R, Yamamoto T, Okamoto T, Ogawa R, Inamoto S, Maekawa H, Okamura R, Kiyasu Y, Hanada K, Okamoto M, Nishikawa Y, Sugimoto N, Tamura T, Hatano E, Sakai Y, Obama K. Downregulation of osteoprotegerin in colorectal cancer cells promotes liver metastasis via activating tumor-associated macrophage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22217. [PMID: 38097649 PMCID: PMC10721637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted cytokine that functions as a decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) ligand (RANKL). Anti-RANKL treatment for bone metastasis has been widely accepted for solid tumors. However, the mechanism of OPG-RANKL-RANK signaling in systemic colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the relevance and function of OPG expression in CRC liver metastasis. First, we performed in silico analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas public database and found that lower OPG expression in CRC was associated with poor overall survival. Immunohistochemistry analyses using resected specimen from patients with CRC in our institute confirmed the result. Patient-matched primary CRC and liver metastases showed a significant downregulation of OPG expression in metastatic lesions. In CRC cell lines, OPG expression did not suppress cell proliferation and migration. However, OPG expression inhibited macrophage migration by suppressing the RANKL-RANK pathway. Moreover, in vivo mouse liver metastasis models showed that OPG expression in CRC cells suppressed liver metastases. In addition, treatment with an anti-RANKL neutralizing antibody also suppressed liver metastases. These results showed that downregulation of OPG expression in CRC cells promotes liver metastasis by activating tumor-associated macrophage, which can become a candidate for targeted therapy with anti-RANKL neutralizing antibody for CRC liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Masui
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, 710-8602, Japan
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Surgery, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, 611-0041, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Susumu Inamoto
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Osaka Hospital, Osaka, 543-8555, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Okamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kiyasu
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Keita Hanada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Michio Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoko Sugimoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Tamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Osaka Hospital, Osaka, 543-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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5
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Tufail M, Wu C. RANK pathway in cancer: underlying resistance and therapeutic approaches. J Chemother 2023; 35:369-382. [PMID: 36200617 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2129752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases despite advances in treatment. Metastatic cancers are the leading cause of death for advanced cancer patients. Those with advanced cancer with osteolytic-type bone metastases have a significantly lower quality of life. A novel treatment plan is needed now more than ever for breast cancer patients with bone metastases. There are shreds of evidence that cancer cells in the bloodstream interact with the bone microenvironment and that this interaction is a contributing component to breast cancer progression. Preventing any stage of this cycle can result in anti-metastasis effects. Since RANKL interacts with its receptor RANK and plays an important role in the vicious cycle, it has proven to be a successful therapeutic target in cancer treatment. As a result, we have presented a complete overview of the RANK pathway in cancer and discussed RANK signaling and tumor microenvironment, and potential therapeutic approaches in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Kondo T, Kanayama K, Egusa H, Nishimura I. Current perspectives of residual ridge resorption: Pathological activation of oral barrier osteoclasts. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:12-22. [PMID: 35185111 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tooth extraction is a last resort treatment for resolving pathological complications of dentition induced by infection and injury. Although the extraction wound generally heals uneventfully, resulting in the formation of an edentulous residual ridge, some patients experience long-term and severe residual ridge reduction. The objective of this review was to provide a contemporary understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that may potentially cause edentulous jawbone resorption. STUDY SELECTION Clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies related to the characterization of and cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to residual ridge resorption. RESULTS The alveolar processes of the maxillary and mandibular bones uniquely juxtapose the gingival tissue. The gingival oral mucosa is an active barrier tissue that maintains homeostasis of the internal organs through its unique barrier immunity. Tooth extraction not only generates a bony socket but also injures oral barrier tissue. In response to wounding, the alveolar bone socket initiates regeneration and remodeling through coupled bone formation and osteoclastic resorption. Osteoclasts are also found on the external surface of the alveolar bone, interfacing the oral barrier tissue. Osteoclasts in the oral barrier region are not coupled with osteoblastic bone formation and often remain active long after the completion of wound healing, leading to a net decrease in the alveolar bone structure. CONCLUSIONS The novel concept of oral barrier osteoclasts may provide important clues for future clinical strategies to maintain residual ridges for successful prosthodontic and restorative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kanayama
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Infections and Health Science, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Kawai R, Sugisaki R, Miyamoto Y, Yano F, Sasa K, Minami E, Maki K, Kamijo R. Cathepsin K degrades osteoprotegerin to promote osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:10-18. [PMID: 36689044 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts produce the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin, the inducer and the suppressor of osteoclast differentiation and activation. We previously proposed that the degradation of osteoprotegerin by lysine-specific gingipain of Porphyromonas gingivalis and neutrophil elastase is one of the mechanisms of bone resorption associated with infection and inflammation. In the present study, we found that cathepsin K (CTSK) also degraded osteoprotegerin in an acidic milieu and the buffer with a pH of 7.4. The 37 k fragment of osteoprotegerin produced by the reaction with CTSK was further degraded into low molecular weight fragments, including a 13 k fragment, depending on the reaction time. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 37 k fragment matched that of the intact osteoprotegerin, indicating that CTSK preferentially hydrolyzes the death domain-like region of osteoprotegerin, not its RANKL-binding region. The 13 k fragment of osteoprotegerin was the C-terminal 13 k portion within the RANKL-binding region of the 37 k fragment. Finally, CTSK restored RANKL-dependent osteoclast differentiation that was suppressed by the addition of osteoprotegerin. Collectively, CTSK is a possible positive regulator of osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kawai
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Sugisaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Fujiyoshida, Showa University, Fujiyoshida, Japan.
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Sasa
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Minami
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koutaro Maki
- Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Passaponti S, Ermini L, Acconci G, Severi FM, Romagnoli R, Cutrupi S, Clerico M, Guerrera G, Ietta F. Rank-Rankl-Opg Axis in Multiple Sclerosis: The Contribution of Placenta. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081357. [PMID: 35456036 PMCID: PMC9031903 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) can safely become pregnant and give birth, with no side effects or impediments. Pregnancy is generally accepted as a period of well-being in which relapses have a softer evolution, particularly in the third trimester. Herein, we hypothesized that the placenta, via its “secretome”, could contribute to the recognized beneficial effects of pregnancy on MS activity. We focused on a well-known receptor/ligand/decoy receptor system, such as the one composed by the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), which have never been investigated in an integrated way in MS, pregnancy, and placenta. We reported that pregnancy at the term of gestation influences the balance between circulating RANKL and its endogenous inhibitor OPG in MS women. We demonstrated that the placenta at term is an invaluable source of homodimeric OPG. By functional studies on astrocytes, we showed that placental OPG suppresses the mRNA expression of the CCL20, a chemokine responsible for Th17 cell recruitment. We propose placental OPG as a crucial molecule for the recognized beneficial effect of late pregnancy on MS and its potential utility for the development of new and more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Passaponti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Giulia Acconci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetrics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filiberto Maria Severi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetrics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Roberta Romagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Santina Cutrupi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gisella Guerrera
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-7723-2370
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9
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Liu H, Ru NY, Cai Y, Lyu Q, Guo CH, Zhou Y, Li SH, Cheng JH, Chang JR, Ma J, Su XL. The OPG/RANKL/RANK system modulates calcification of common carotid artery in simulated microgravity rats by regulating NF-κB pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:324-333. [PMID: 34670103 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional and structural adaptation of common carotid artery could be one of the important causes of postflight orthostatic intolerance after microgravity exposure, the mechanisms of which remain unclear. Recent evidence indicates that long-term spaceflight increases carotid artery stiffness, which might present a high risk to astronaut health and postflight working ability. Studies have suggested that vascular calcification is a common pathological change in cardiovascular diseases that is mainly manifested as an increase in vascular stiffness. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether simulated microgravity induces calcification of common carotid artery and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Four-week hindlimb-unweighted (HU) rats were used to simulate the deconditioning effects of microgravity on cardiovascular system. We found that simulated microgravity induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteogenic differentiation and medial calcification, increased receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and RANK expression, and enhanced NF-κB activation in rat common carotid artery. In vitro activation of the RANK pathway with exogenous RANKL, a RANK ligand, increased RANK and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in HU rats. Moreover, the expression of osteogenic markers and activation of NF-κB in HU rats were further enhanced by exogenous RANKL but suppressed by the RANK inhibitor OPG-Fc. These results indicated that the OPG/RANKL/RANK system modulates VSMC osteogenic differentiation and medial calcification of common carotid artery in simulated microgravity rats by regulating NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, China;
| | - Ning-Yu Ru
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Yue Cai
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China;
| | - Qiang Lyu
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Chi-Hua Guo
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Ying Zhou
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Shao-Hua Li
- Fourth Military Medical University, 12644, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, China;
| | - Jiu-Hua Cheng
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Jin-Rui Chang
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
| | - Jin Ma
- Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Aerospace Physiology, Xi'an, China;
| | - Xing-Li Su
- Xi'an Medical University, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an, China;
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10
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Lee EJ, Na W, Kang MK, Kim YH, Kim DY, Oh H, Kim SI, Oh SY, Park S, Park K, Kang YH. Hydroxycoumarin Scopoletin Inhibits Bone Loss through Enhancing Induction of Bone Turnover Markers in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060648. [PMID: 34200167 PMCID: PMC8227109 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes induces bone deterioration, which leads to increased risk of fracture, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Thus, diabetes-associated bone fragility has been recognized as a diabetic complication. However, the pathophysiological effects of hyperglycemia on bone turnover remain unclear. Literature evidence demonstrates that anti-diabetic medications increase the risk of fractures in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Scopoletin is a naturally occurring hydroxycoumarin potentially exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and ameliorating insulin resistance as an anti-diabetic agent. However, little is known regarding the effects of scopoletin on the impairment of bone remodeling that is caused by diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify that scopoletin was capable of inhibiting the impairment of bone remodeling and turnover in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Submicromolar scopoletin accelerated the formation TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts (40.0 vs. 105.1%) and actin ring structures impaired by 33 mM glucose. Further, 1–20 μM scopoletin enhanced bone resorption and the induction of matrix-degrading enzymes in diabetic osteoclasts. The oral administration of 10 mg/kg scopoletin elevated serum RANKL/OPG ratio and osteocalcin level reduced in db/db mice along with an increase in BMD by ~6–14%; however, it was not effective in lowering blood glucose and hemoglobin glycation. In addition, the supplementation of scopoletin elevated the formation of trabecular bones and collagen fibers in femoral epiphysis and metaphysis with a thicker epiphyseal plate and cortical bones. Furthermore, 1–20 μM scopoletin enhanced ALP activity (4.39 vs. 7.02 nmol p-nitrophenyl phosphate/min/mg protein) and deposits of mineralized bone nodules in cultured osteoblasts reduced by 33 mM glucose. The treatment of diabetic osteoblasts with scopoletin stimulated the cellular induction of BMP-2 and osteopontin and Runx2 transcription. Accordingly, the administration of scopoletin protected mice from type 2 diabetes-associated bone loss through boosting bone remodeling via the robust induction of bone turnover markers of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. These findings suggest that scopoletin could be a potential osteoprotective agent for the treatment of diabetes-associated bone loss and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Hee Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2132; Fax: +82-33-254-1475
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11
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Payr S, Rosado-Balmayor E, Tiefenboeck T, Schuseil T, Unger M, Seeliger C, van Griensven M. Direct comparison of 3D and 2D cultivation reveals higher osteogenic capacity of elderly osteoblasts in 3D. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:13. [PMID: 33407623 PMCID: PMC7788858 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was the investigation of the osteogenic potential of human osteoblasts of advanced donor age in 2D and 3D culture. Methods Osteoblasts were induced to osteogenic differentiation and cultivated, using the same polystyrene material in 2D and 3D culture for 2 weeks. Samples were taken to evaluate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and gene expression. Results Osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels were significantly increased (8.2-fold) on day 7 in 3D compared to day 0 (p < 0.0001) and 11.6-fold higher in 3D than in 2D (p < 0.0001). Both culture systems showed reduced osteocalcin (OC) levels (2D 85% and 3D 50% of basic value). Collagen type 1 (Col1) expression was elevated in 3D on day 7 (1.4-fold; p = 0.009). Osteopontin (OP) expression showed 6.5-fold higher levels on day 7 (p = 0.002) in 3D than in 2D. Mineralization was significantly higher in 3D on day 14 (p = 0.0002). Conclusion Advanced donor age human primary osteoblasts reveal significantly higher gene expression levels of OPG, Col1 and OP in 3D than in monolayer. Therefore, it seems that a relatively high potential of bone formation in a natural 3D arrangement is presumably still present in osteoblasts of elderly people. Trial registration 5217/11 on the 22nd of Dec. 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Payr
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elizabeth Rosado-Balmayor
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department IBE, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Tiefenboeck
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Division of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Schuseil
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Unger
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudine Seeliger
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department cBITE, MERLN Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Nagy EE. Elastase mediated-degradation of osteoprotegerin: Possible pitfalls and functional relevance. Bone 2020; 133:115256. [PMID: 32007607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Előd Ernő Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Romania.
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13
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Sugisaki R, Miyamoto Y, Yoshimura K, Sasa K, Kaneko K, Tanaka M, Itose M, Inoue S, Baba K, Shirota T, Chikazu D, Kamijo R. Possible involvement of elastase in enhanced osteoclast differentiation by neutrophils through degradation of osteoprotegerin. Bone 2020; 132:115216. [PMID: 31899346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are one of the most abundant leukocytes in the sites of lesion of inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. These diseases are accompanied by bone loss, which worsens the quality of life of the patients. However, the role of neutrophils in the inflammatory bone loss has not been fully investigated. In the present study, we found that human neutrophils enhanced osteoclast differentiation from mouse bone marrow cells co-cultured with mouse osteoblasts in the presence of active vitamin D3. The enhanced osteoclast differentiation was significantly suppressed by elastatinal, a synthetic inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. Also, we found that human neutrophils degraded human recombinant osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for nuclear factor κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL), the essential osteoclast differentiation-inducing factor, expressed by osteoblasts. Degradation of OPG by neutrophils was suppressed by human α1-protease inhibitor, the major endogenous inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. Recombinant human neutrophil elastase degraded human OPG in its death domain-like region. These results indicated that the degradation of OPG by elastase contributed at least in part to the enhanced osteoclast differentiation by neutrophils. There is a possibility that neutrophils play an important role in inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Sugisaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Sasa
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kaneko
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Itose
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakie Inoue
- Department of Prosthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Baba
- Department of Prosthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shirota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Zavaczki E, Gáll T, Zarjou A, Hendrik Z, Potor L, Tóth CZ, Méhes G, Gyetvai Á, Agarwal A, Balla G, Balla J. Ferryl Hemoglobin Inhibits Osteoclastic Differentiation of Macrophages in Hemorrhaged Atherosclerotic Plaques. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3721383. [PMID: 32184915 PMCID: PMC7063196 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3721383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intraplaque hemorrhage frequently occurs in atherosclerotic plaques resulting in cell-free hemoglobin, which is oxidized to ferryl hemoglobin (FHb) in the highly oxidative environment. Osteoclast-like cells (OLCs) derived from macrophages signify a counterbalance mechanism for calcium deposition in atherosclerosis. Our aim was to investigate whether oxidized hemoglobin alters osteoclast formation, thereby affecting calcium removal from mineralized atherosclerotic lesions. RANKL- (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand-) induced osteoclastogenic differentiation and osteoclast activity of RAW264.7 cells were studied in response to oxidized hemoglobin via assessing bone resorption activity, expression of osteoclast-specific genes, and the activation of signalization pathways. OLCs in diseased human carotid arteries were assessed by immunohistochemistry. FHb, but not ferrohemoglobin, decreased bone resorption activity and inhibited osteoclast-specific gene expression (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, calcitonin receptor, and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein) induced by RANKL. In addition, FHb inhibited osteoclastogenic signaling pathways downstream of RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β). It prevented the induction of TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6) and c-Fos, phosphorylation of p-38 and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), and nuclear translocation of NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-Β) and NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1). These effects were independent of heme oxygenase-1 demonstrated by knocking down HO-1 gene in RAW264.7 cells and in mice. Importantly, FHb competed with RANK for RANKL binding suggesting possible mechanisms by which FHb impairs osteoclastic differentiation. In diseased human carotid arteries, OLCs were abundantly present in calcified plaques and colocalized with regions of calcium deposition, while the number of these cells were lower in hemorrhagic lesions exhibiting accumulation of FHb despite calcium deposition. We conclude that FHb inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation of macrophages and suggest that accumulation of FHb in a calcified area of atherosclerotic lesion with hemorrhage retards the formation of OLCs potentially impairing calcium resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Zavaczki
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gáll
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zoltán Hendrik
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Potor
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Zsigmond Tóth
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Gyetvai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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15
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Mattazio RR, Noritomi PY, Silveira ZC. An In Silico Model for the Prediction of Changes in Mineral Density in Cortical Bone Remodeling. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:011008. [PMID: 31233121 DOI: 10.1115/1.4044094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An in silico model for the estimation of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) changes at a cortical bone site subjected to mechanobiological bone remodeling is proposed in this manuscript. Mechanisms of cell differentiation, receptor-ligand binding, mechanical signaling, and resorption or deposition of bone matrix were considered, therefore providing a comprehensive description of mechanobiological bone remodeling in the bone microenvironment and enabling the analysis of temporal evolution of disease or therapy scenarios. The proposed model is composed by five modules, namely, bone cells populations, mechanobiology, volume fractions and porosity, mineral density, and structural stiffness. The model is an extension of other models found in the literature because equations for the obtaining of cortical vBMD and the binding of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to parathyroid hormone 1 receptor are included. The proposed model showed a satisfactory agreement with the solutions of other in silico models found in the literature. Simulations of walking and running exercise routines were performed for the evaluation of model capability regarding the control of the numerical error and prediction of vBMD. The computational method used to solve the case study controlled the relative numerical error by less than 1 × 10-7 for approximately 1.7 × 106 time steps. The predicted values correlate with the concept of increasing BMD by vigorous physical activity; however, they contrast with the specific effect of physical activities on cortical vBMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Mattazio
- São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 400 Trabalhador São-carlense Avenue, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Pedro Y Noritomi
- Three-dimensional Technologies, Information Technology Center Renato Archer, 143.6 Km Dom Pedro I Highway (SP-65), Campinas, SP 13069-901, Brazil
| | - Zilda C Silveira
- São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 400 Trabalhador São-carlense Avenue, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
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16
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The Non-Bone-Related Role of RANK/RANKL Signaling in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1277:53-62. [PMID: 33119864 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
RANK ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor alpha superfamily of cytokines. It is the only known ligand binding to a membrane receptor named receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), thereby triggering recruitment of TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins and activation of downstream pathways. RANK/RANKL signaling is controlled by a decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), but also has additional more complex levels of regulation. It is crucial for the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and is deregulated in disease processes such as osteoporosis and cancer bone metastasis. Cells expressing RANK and RANKL are commonly found in the tumor environment. In many tumor types, the RANK/RANKL pathway is overexpressed, and this is in most cases correlated with poor prognosis. RANK signaling plays an important role in the innate and adaptive immune response, generates regulatory T (Treg) cells, and increases the production of cytokines. It is also involved in chemo resistance in vitro. Recent evidence suggests that RANKL blockade improves the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies against solid tumors and experimental metastasis. Therefore, there is increasing interest to use RANKL inhibition as an immunomodulatory strategy in an attempt to make immune-resistant tumor responsive to immune therapy.
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17
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Rigal E, Zeller M, Malka G, Cottin Y, Vergely C. The Role of Osteoprotegerin in Vascular Calcification and Bone Metabolism: The Basis for Developing New Therapeutics. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:239-251. [PMID: 31197415 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are both important causes of mortality and morbidity in aging patients. There are common mechanisms underlying the regulation of bone remodeling and the development of smooth muscle calcification; a temporal relationship exists between osteoporosis and the imbalance of mineral metabolism in the vessels. Vascular calcification appears regulated by mechanisms that include both inductive and inhibitory processes. Multiple factors are implicated in both bone and vascular metabolism. Among these factors, the superfamily of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors including osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands has been established. OPG is a soluble decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG binds to RANKL and TRAIL, and inhibits the association with their receptors, which have been labeled as the receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK). Sustained release of OPG from vascular endothelial cells (ECs) has been demonstrated in response to inflammatory proteins and cytokines, suggesting that OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays a modulatory role in vascular injury and inflammation. For the development of potential therapeutic strategies targeting vascular calcification, critical consideration of the implications for bone metabolism must be taken into account to prevent potentially detrimental effects to bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Alexandre Meloux
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eve Rigal
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Institut de formation en Biotechnologie et Ingénierie Biomédicale (IFR2B), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, 43 150, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Yves Cottin
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
- Service de Cardiologie-CHU-Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
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18
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van Dam PA, Verhoeven Y, Jacobs J, Wouters A, Tjalma W, Lardon F, Van den Wyngaert T, Dewulf J, Smits E, Colpaert C, Prenen H, Peeters M, Lammens M, Trinh XB. RANK-RANKL Signaling in Cancer of the Uterine Cervix: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2183. [PMID: 31052546 PMCID: PMC6540175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RANK ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor alpha superfamily of cytokines. It is the only known ligand binding to a membrane receptor named receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), thereby triggering recruitment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins and activation of downstream pathways. RANK/RANKL signaling is controlled by a decoy receptor called osteoprotegerin (OPG), but also has additional more complex levels of regulation. The existing literature on RANK/RANKL signaling in cervical cancer was reviewed, particularly focusing on the effects on the microenvironment. RANKL and RANK are frequently co-expressed in cervical cancer cells lines and in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. RANKL and OPG expression strongly increases during cervical cancer progression. RANKL is directly secreted by cervical cancer cells, which may be a mechanism they use to create an immune suppressive environment. RANKL induces expression of multiple activating cytokines by dendritic cells. High RANK mRNA levels and high immunohistochemical OPG expression are significantly correlated with high clinical stage, tumor grade, presence of lymph node metastases, and poor overall survival. Inhibition of RANKL signaling has a direct effect on tumor cell proliferation and behavior, but also alters the microenvironment. Abundant circumstantial evidence suggests that RANKL inhibition may (partially) reverse an immunosuppressive status. The use of denosumab, a monoclonal antibody directed to RANKL, as an immunomodulatory strategy is an attractive concept which should be further explored in combination with immune therapy in patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A van Dam
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Verhoeven
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Julie Jacobs
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Wiebren Tjalma
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Jonatan Dewulf
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Cécile Colpaert
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Gasthuiszusters Antwerpen (GZA) Hospitals, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Hans Prenen
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marc Peeters
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Martin Lammens
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Xuan Bich Trinh
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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19
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The Endocannabinoid/Endovanilloid System in Bone: From Osteoporosis to Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081919. [PMID: 31003519 PMCID: PMC6514542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue, whose homeostasis is maintained by a fine balance between osteoclast (OC) and osteoblast (OB) activity. The endocannabinoid/endovanilloid (EC/EV) system’s receptors are the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), and the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). Their stimulation modulates bone formation and bone resorption. Bone diseases are very common worldwide. Osteoporosis is the principal cause of bone loss and it can be caused by several factors such as postmenopausal estrogen decrease, glucocorticoid (GC) treatments, iron overload, and chemotherapies. Studies have demonstrated that CB1 and TRPV1 stimulation exerts osteoclastogenic effects, whereas CB2 stimulation has an anti-osteoclastogenic role. Moreover, the EC/EV system has been demonstrated to have a role in cancer, favoring apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. In particular, in bone cancer, the modulation of the EC/EV system not only reduces cell growth and enhances apoptosis but it also reduces cell invasion and bone pain in mouse models. Therefore, EC/EV receptors may be a useful pharmacological target in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. More studies to better investigate the biochemical mechanisms underlining the EC/EV system effects in bone are needed, but the synthesis of hybrid molecules, targeting these receptors and capable of oppositely regulating bone homeostasis, seems to be a promising and encouraging prospective in bone disease management.
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20
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The Role of Osteoprotegerin and Its Ligands in Vascular Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030705. [PMID: 30736365 PMCID: PMC6387017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors includes osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, which are receptor activators of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays an active role in pathological angiogenesis and inflammation as well as cell survival. It has been demonstrated that there is crosstalk between endothelial cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis, thus establishing a connection between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This OPG/RANKL/RANK/TRAIL system acts on specific cell surface receptors, which are then able to transmit their signals to other intracellular components and modify gene expression. Cytokine production and activation of their receptors induce mechanisms to recruit monocytes and neutrophils as well as endothelial cells. Data support the role of an increased OPG/RANKL ratio as a possible marker of progression of endothelial dysfunction in metabolic disorders in relationship with inflammatory marker levels. We review the role of the OPG/RANKL/RANK triad in vascular function as well as molecular mechanisms related to the etiology of vascular diseases. The potential therapeutic strategies may be very promising in the future.
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21
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van Dam PA, Verhoeven Y, Trinh XB, Wouters A, Lardon F, Prenen H, Smits E, Baldewijns M, Lammens M. RANK/RANKL signaling inhibition may improve the effectiveness of checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 133:85-91. [PMID: 30661662 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding between the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) triggers recruitment of TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins and activation of downstream pathways. RANK/RANKL signaling is controlled by a decoy receptor called osteoprotegerin (OPG) which interacts with RANKL. Additional networks regulating RANK/RANKL signaling are active in a context specific manner. RANK/RANKL signaling is essential for the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and is deregulated in pathological processes such as postmenopausal osteoporosis or cancer induced bone destruction. Cells expressing RANK and RANKL are commonly found in the tumor microenvironment. The RANKL/RANK pathway is often overexpressed in tumors of the breast, prostate, endometrium, cervix, stomach, oesophagus and bladder, thyroid and correlated with poor prognosis. RANK signaling plays an important role in the innate and adaptive immune response as it generates regulatory T (Treg) cells and increases production of cytokines. RANK expression induces chemoresistance in vitro through the activation of multiple signal transduction pathways. RANKL blockade improves the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies against solid tumors and experimental metastases. As RANK inhibition enhances the immune response there is an increasing interest in combining it with immune therapy in an attempt to sensitize immune resistant tumors to immune therapies. Several studies are ongoing to assess this concept. The role of RANK/RANKL inhibition should be further pursued as an immunomodulatory strategy in combination with other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A van Dam
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, B2650, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B2610, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Verhoeven
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, B2650, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B2610, Belgium
| | - Xuan B Trinh
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, B2650, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B2610, Belgium
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B2610, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B2610, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, B2650, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B2610, Belgium; Fase 1 Unit of Experimental Oncology, Antwerp University, Edegem, B2650, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B2610, Belgium
| | - Marcella Baldewijns
- Department of Histopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, B2650, Belgium
| | - Martin Lammens
- Department of Histopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, B2650, Belgium
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22
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Wallach D. The Tumor Necrosis Factor Family: Family Conventions and Private Idiosyncrasies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028431. [PMID: 28847899 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family and the TNF/nerve growth factor (NGF) family of their cognate receptors together control numerous immune functions, as well as tissue-homeostatic and embryonic-development processes. These diverse functions are dictated by both shared and distinct features of family members, and by interactions of some members with nonfamily ligands and coreceptors. The spectra of their activities are further expanded by the occurrence of the ligands and receptors in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, by "re-anchoring" of soluble forms to extracellular matrix components, and by signaling initiation via intracellular domains (IDs) of both receptors and ligands. Much has been learned about shared features of the receptors as well as of the ligands; however, we still have only limited knowledge of the mechanistic basis for their functional heterogeneity and for the differences between their functions and those of similarly acting cytokines of other families.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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23
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Xiao Y, Li M, Larocque R, Zhang F, Malhotra A, Chen J, Linhardt RJ, Konermann L, Xu D. Dimerization interface of osteoprotegerin revealed by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17523-17535. [PMID: 30254073 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous structural studies of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a crucial negative regulator of bone remodeling and osteoclastogenesis, were mostly limited to the N-terminal ligand-binding domains. It is now known that the three C-terminal domains of OPG also play essential roles in its function by mediating OPG dimerization, OPG-heparan sulfate (HS) interactions, and formation of the OPG-HS-receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) ternary complex. Employing hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS methods, here we investigated the structure of full-length OPG in complex with HS or RANKL in solution. Our data revealed two noteworthy aspects of the OPG structure. First, we found that the interconnection between the N- and C-terminal domains is much more rigid than previously thought, possibly because of hydrophobic interactions between the fourth cysteine-rich domain and the first death domain. Second, we observed that two hydrophobic clusters located in two separate C-terminal domains directly contribute to OPG dimerization, likely by forming a hydrophobic dimerization interface. Aided by site-directed mutagenesis, we further demonstrated that an intact dimerization interface is essential for the biological activity of OPG. Our study represents an important step toward deciphering the structure-function relationship of the full-length OPG protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xiao
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Miaomiao Li
- the Department of Oral Biology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, and
| | - Rinzhi Larocque
- the Department of Oral Biology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, and
| | - Fuming Zhang
- the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Anju Malhotra
- the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Jianle Chen
- the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Lars Konermann
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada,
| | - Ding Xu
- the Department of Oral Biology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, and
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24
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Rigal E, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. The role of osteoprotegerin in the crosstalk between vessels and bone: Its potential utility as a marker of cardiometabolic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 182:115-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Lee DW, Kwon JY, Kim HK, Lee HJ, Kim ES, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Lee HB. Propofol attenuates osteoclastogenesis by lowering RANKL/OPG ratio in mouse osteoblasts. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:723-729. [PMID: 29910677 PMCID: PMC6001417 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.22713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling plays an important role in the bone healing process; for example, following fracture. The relative ratio of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)/ osteoprotegerin (OPG) controls osteoclast differentiation, thereby playing a pivotal role in the regulation of bone remodeling. Propofol, a widely used anesthetic agent in orthopedic procedures, is considered to possess potential antioxidant properties owing to its structural similarity to α-tocopherol. Antioxidants are known to enhance bone healing. Accordingly, in the present study, we aimed to investigate osteoblastic differentiation and RANKL/OPG expression following propofol administration, in order to assess the potentially beneficial effects of this drug on the bone remodeling process, using calvarial primary osteoblasts from newborn mice. Calvarial pre-osteoblast cells were cultured in media containing clinically relevant concentrations of propofol, and cytotoxicity, effects on cell proliferation, osteogenic activity, and osteoclastogenesis were examined. The present findings indicated that propofol did not exert cytotoxic effects or alter cell proliferation in primary calvarial osteoblasts. Further, propofol did not affect osteoblast differentiation. The RANKL/OPG ratio was found to be decreased following propofol administration, and osteoclastogenesis was significantly reduced, indicating that propofol attenuated the osteoclastogenesis-supporting activity of osteoblasts. The results demonstrate that propofol, at clinically relevant concentrations, exerts beneficial effects on bone remodeling by attenuating osteoclastogenesis via suppression of the RANKL/OPG expression axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Won Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kwon
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Kyu Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae-Jin Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, and Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Bit Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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26
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Brito-Mendoza L, Bologna-Molina R, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Martinez G, Sánchez-Romero C, Mosqueda-Taylor A. A Comparison of Ki67, Syndecan-1 (CD138), and Molecular RANK, RANKL, and OPG Triad Expression in Odontogenic Keratocyts, Unicystic Ameloblastoma, and Dentigerous Cysts. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:7048531. [PMID: 30151060 PMCID: PMC6087607 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7048531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Reduced expression of syndecan-1 (CD138), increased proliferation index, and modifications in the expression of the molecular RANK/RANKL/OPG triad are related to an intensified potential of aggressiveness and invasion of diverse tumors and cysts. The aim was to compare the expression of Ki-67, CD138, and the molecular triad RANK, RANKL, and OPG in odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), unicystic ameloblastomas (UA), and dentigerous cysts (DC). METHODS Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, CD138, RANK, RANKL, and OPG was performed in 58 odontogenic cystic lesions (22 OKC, 17 DC, and 19 UA). RESULTS A higher expression of Ki-67 was identified in OKC as compared to UA (p < 0.0001). UA exhibited a greater loss of CD138 expression versus OKCs (p > 0.0034). RANKL was expressed higher in the epithelium (p = 0.0002) and in the stroma (p = 0.0004) of UA. DC had a lower expression of these markers. CONCLUSION Higher RANKL expression together with the reduction on CD138 expression in UA could be linked to a greater invasive and destructive potential, while the increased proliferation rate observed in OKC could be related to its continuous intrabony growth. The expansion of DC does not seem to be related to such factors, justifying the different therapeutic approaches proposed for each of these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Brito-Mendoza
- 1Oral Medicine and Pathology Postgraduate Program, Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- 2Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho
- 1Oral Medicine and Pathology Postgraduate Program, Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Martinez
- 1Oral Medicine and Pathology Postgraduate Program, Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Celeste Sánchez-Romero
- 3Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Mosqueda-Taylor
- 1Oral Medicine and Pathology Postgraduate Program, Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
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27
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Munasinghe A, Lin P, Colina CM. Unraveling Binding Interactions between Human RANKL and Its Decoy Receptor Osteoprotegerin. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9141-9148. [PMID: 28945380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the importance and the active contribution of the RANKL/OPG/RANK pathway in many bone diseases including different forms of common osteoporosis. In this study, we present an extensive atomistic molecular dynamic study of the OPG/RANKL system. Within the molecular models, we varied the number of OPG molecules bound to the RANKL trimer and carried out a study to determine how the binding affinity of the OPG/RANKL system changes as a function of OPG concentration. The molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area method was used to analyze binding free energies. It is shown that the binding affinity decreases with increasing numbers of OPG molecules. Additionally, conformational changes of RANKL, interactions between the N-terminus outlier module of OPG with RANKL, and residues that play an important role in the binding of OPG to RANKL trimer were investigated. A probable cause for unfavorable binding for a third OPG molecule was found. Along with the currently available experimental studies, this computational study will be valuable for the comprehensive understanding of OPG/RANKL at the atomistic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinda Munasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Coray M Colina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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28
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Li M, Yang S, Xu D. Heparan Sulfate Regulates the Structure and Function of Osteoprotegerin in Osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24160-24171. [PMID: 27697839 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.751974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor secreted by osteoblasts, is a major negative regulator of bone resorption. It functions by neutralizing the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), which plays a central role in promoting osteoclastogenesis. OPG is known to be a high-affinity heparan sulfate (HS)-binding protein. Presumably, HS could regulate the function of OPG and affect how it inhibits RANKL. However, the molecular detail of HS-OPG interaction remains poorly understood, which hinders our understanding of how HS functions in osteoclastogenesis. Here we report mapping of the HS-binding site of OPG. The HS-binding site, identified by mutagenesis study, consists of eight basic residues that are located mostly at the junction of the second death domain and the C-terminal domain. We further show that heparin-derived dodecasaccharide is able to induce dimerization of OPG monomers with a stoichiometry of 1:1. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis revealed that upon binding of HS, OPG undergoes a dramatic conformational change, resulting in a more compact and less flexible structure. Importantly, we present here three lines of evidence that HS, OPG, and RANKL form a stable ternary complex. Using a HS binding-deficient OPG mutant, we further show that in an osteoblast/bone marrow macrophage co-culture system, immobilization of OPG by HS at the osteoblast cell surface substantially lowers the inhibitory threshold of OPG toward RANKL. These discoveries strongly suggest that HS plays an active role in regulating OPG-RANKL interaction and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- From the Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Shuying Yang
- From the Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Ding Xu
- From the Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
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29
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Baek JM, Kim JY, Yoon KH, Oh J, Lee MS. Ebselen Is a Potential Anti-Osteoporosis Agent by Suppressing Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation In vitro and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Bone Destruction In vivo. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:478-88. [PMID: 27019631 PMCID: PMC4807414 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebselen is a non-toxic seleno-organic drug with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that is currently being examined in clinical trials to prevent and treat various diseases, including atherosclerosis, stroke, and cancer. However, no reports are available for verifying the pharmacological effects of ebselen on major metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In this study, we observed that ebselen suppressed the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells in an osteoblast/osteoclast co-culture by regulating the ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin secreted by osteoblasts. In addition, ebselen treatment in the early stage of osteoclast differentiation inhibited RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the phosphorylation of IκB, PI3K, and Akt in early signaling pathways and by subsequently inducing c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1. Further, ebselen induced apoptosis of osteoclasts in the late stage of osteoclast differentiation. In addition, ebselen treatment suppressed filamentous actin ring formation and bone resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. Reflecting these in vitro effects, administration of ebselen recovered bone loss and its µ-CT parameters in lipopolysaccharide-mediated mouse model. Histological analysis confirmed that ebselen prevented trabecular bone matrix degradation and osteoclast formation in the bone tissues. Finally, it was proved that the anti-osteoclastogenic action of ebselen is achieved through targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. These results indicate that ebselen is a potentially safe drug for treating metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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30
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Role of the RANK/RANKL pathway in breast cancer. Maturitas 2016; 86:10-6. [PMID: 26921922 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the OPG/RANK/RANKL pathway two decades ago has initiated novel insights into regulation of bone formation. More recently this pathway has been found to be also relevant in osteoclastic-independent mechanisms, mainly in mammary physiology and breast cancer. RANKL/RANK function is essential for epithelial cell proliferation and cellular survival as well as lobulo-alveolar development. The endogenous OPG functions as a soluble decoy receptor, binding the cytokine RANKL to prevent RANKL from activating its receptor RANK. The regulatory function of RANKL is one of the key factors in progesterone-induced proliferation of the breast. Progesterone has a direct action of progesterone on progesterone-receptor (PR) expressing cells but PR-negative cells are affected indirectly through RANKL-induced paracrine actions leading to proliferation of mammary epithelial PR-negative cells. RANK induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness in human mammary epithelial cells and promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis. Inhibition of the RANK/RANKL pathway using the monoclonal antibody denosumab can neutralize RANKL and inhibiting its interaction with its receptor RANK. Denosumab is currently used to treat osteoporosis and in prevention of skeletal related events in patients suffering from bone metastases due to solid tumors. As preclinical experiments suggest the RANKL/RANK pathway plays an important role in primary breast cancer development. The interference with the RANK/RANKL system could therefore serve as a potential target for prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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31
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Sousa BL, Barroso-Neto IL, Oliveira EF, Fonseca E, Lima-Neto P, Ladeira LO, Freire VN. Explaining RANKL inhibition by OPG through quantum biochemistry computations and insights into peptide-design for the treatment of osteoporosis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16712h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum biochemistry computations are applied to precisely describe important protein–protein interactions, providing a basis for the design of inhibitory peptides against osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L. Sousa
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Ito L. Barroso-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Fonseca
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Pedro Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Luiz O. Ladeira
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Valder N. Freire
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
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Lang I, Füllsack S, Wyzgol A, Fick A, Trebing J, Arana JAC, Schäfer V, Weisenberger D, Wajant H. Binding Studies of TNF Receptor Superfamily (TNFRSF) Receptors on Intact Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:5022-37. [PMID: 26721880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.683946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) interact with members of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). TNFSF ligand-TNFRSF receptor interactions have been intensively evaluated by many groups. The affinities of TNFSF ligand-TNFRSF receptor interactions are highly dependent on the oligomerization state of the receptor, and cellular factors (e.g. actin cytoskeleton and lipid rafts) influence the assembly of ligand-receptor complexes, too. Binding studies on TNFSF ligand-TNFRSF receptor interactions were typically performed using cell-free assays with recombinant fusion proteins that contain varying numbers of TNFRSF ectodomains. It is therefore not surprising that affinities determined for an individual TNFSF ligand-TNFRSF interaction differ sometimes by several orders of magnitude and often do not reflect the ligand activity observed in cellular assays. To overcome the intrinsic limitations of cell-free binding studies and usage of recombinant receptor domains, we performed comprehensive binding studies with Gaussia princeps luciferase TNFSF ligand fusion proteins for cell-bound TNFRSF members on intact cells at 37 °C. The affinities of the TNFSF ligand G. princeps luciferase-fusion proteins ranged between 0.01 and 19 nm and offer the currently most comprehensive and best suited panel of affinities for in silico studies of ligand-receptor systems of the TNF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Lang
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Füllsack
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Wyzgol
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Fick
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Trebing
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - José Antonio Carmona Arana
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Schäfer
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weisenberger
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- From the Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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Boroń D, Kotrych D, Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Uzar I, Bogacz A, Kamiński A. Polymorphisms of OPG and their relation to the mineral density of bones in pre- and postmenopausal women. Int Immunopharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Real A, Gilbert N, Hauser B, Kennedy N, Shand A, Gillett H, Gillett P, Goddard C, Cebolla Á, Sousa C, Fraser WD, Satsangi J, Ralston SH, Riches PL. Characterisation of osteoprotegerin autoantibodies in coeliac disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:125-33. [PMID: 26092508 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies neutralising the effect of the bone regulatory cytokine osteoprotegerin (OPG) have been described in a patient with severe osteoporosis and coeliac disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and epitope specificity of autoantibodies to OPG in patients with coeliac disease, and correlate their presence with bone mineral density. A direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed and used to screen patients with coeliac disease for autoantibodies to OPG. Recombinant fragments of OPG were made to evaluate the epitope specificity and affinity of these antibodies. Phenotype information of the patients was obtained by case note review. Raised titres of antibodies to OPG were found in 7/71 (9.8 %) patients with coeliac disease, compared with 1/72 (1.4 %) non-coeliac osteoporosis clinic control patients (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a polyclonal antibody response to OPG is raised in these patients capable of recognising different epitopes of OPG with varying affinity. The titre of OPG antibodies was associated with lower bone mineral density Z-score of the hip in coeliac patients on univariate (p < 0.05) and multivariate analysis including age, sex height and weight as covariates (p < 0.01). Polyclonal antibodies to OPG are more common in patients with coeliac disease and are independently associated with lower bone mineral density Z-scores of the hip. Further work is required to establish the clinical utility of testing for OPG antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Real
- Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (IGMM), Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Abstract
This chapter illustrates how analytical ultracentrifugation methods, coupled with the fluorescence detection system, are an excellent approach to characterizing and comparing protein-binding interactions in dilute solution and concentrated, crowded solutions like serum. We show that in serum, the binding and assembly states for a pair of endogenous protein ligands and an antibody inhibitor are dramatically different than those observed in dilute, simple buffers. This type of analysis approach may be helpful in research efforts intent at discerning the underpinnings to a therapeutic's activity and pharmacokinetic properties in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas M Laue
- Center to Advance Molecular Interaction Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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Köttstorfer J, Thomas A, Gregori M, Kecht M, Kaiser G, Eipeldauer S, Sarahrudi K. Are OPG and RANKL involved in human fracture healing? J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1557-61. [PMID: 25212894 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human fracture healing is a complex interaction of several cytokines that regulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity. By monitoring OPG (osteoprotegerin) and sRANKL we aimed to possibly predict normal or impaired fracture healing. In 64 patients with a fracture of a long bone serum level of sRANKL and OPG were evaluated with respect to bony union (n=57) or pseudarthrosis (n=7). Measurements were carried out at admission and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after the injury. Patients' serum levels were compared to 33 healthy controls. Fracture hematoma contained significantly higher sRANKL and OPG concentrations compared to patients serum (p=0.005, p=0.028). OPG level in fracture hematoma was higher compared to the unions serum level (p=0.028). sRANKL was decreased in unions during the observation period. In non-unions sRANKL and OPG levels showed a variable course, with no statistical significance. This is the first study to document the course of OPG and sRANKL in normal and delayed human fracture healing emphasizing its local and systemic involvement. We provide evidence of strongly enhanced OPG levels in patients with a long bone fracture compared to healthy controls. Further, levels of free sRANKL were decreased during regular fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Köttstorfer
- Medical University Vienna, University Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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37
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Miyamoto Y. Molecular mechanisms for bone resorption by gingipains: Degradation of osteoprotegerin by lysine-specific gingipain is a key factor for enhanced osteoclastogenesis. J Oral Biosci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Warren JT, Nelson CA, Decker CE, Zou W, Fremont DH, Teitelbaum SL. Manipulation of receptor oligomerization as a strategy to inhibit signaling by TNF superfamily members. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra80. [PMID: 25140055 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) in response to its ligand RANKL, which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines, stimulates osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Thus, this ligand-receptor pair is a therapeutic target for various disorders, such as osteoporosis and metastasis of cancer to bone. RANKL exists as a physiological homotrimer, with each monomer recognizing a single molecule of RANK or the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), which inhibits osteoclastogenesis. We engineered a RANKL protein in which all three monomers of RANKL were encoded as a single polypeptide chain, which enabled us to independently control receptor binding at each binding interface. To generate an effective RANK inhibitor, we used an unbiased forward genetic approach to identify mutations in RANKL that had a 500-fold increased affinity for RANK but had decreased affinity for the decoy receptor OPG. Incorporating mutations that blocked receptor binding into this high-affinity RANKL variant generated a mutant RANKL that completely inhibited wild-type RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and bone resorption in mice. Our approach may be generalized to enable the inhibition of other TNF receptor signaling systems, which are implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Warren
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Corinne E Decker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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39
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Abstract
Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is associated to increased mortality. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily receptor that inhibits the actions of the cytokines receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) by preventing their binding to signaling receptors in the cell membrane. OPG-deficient mice display vascular calcification while OPG prevented calcification of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and protected kidney cells from TRAIL-induced death. OPG may be a biomarker in patients with kidney disease. Circulating OPG is increased in predialysis, dialysis and transplant CKD patients and may predict vascular calcification progression and patient survival. By contrast, circulating OPG is decreased in nephrotic syndrome. In addition, free and exosome-bound urinary OPG is increased in human kidney disease. Increased urinary OPG has been associated with lupus nephritis activity. Despite the association of high OPG levels with disease, experimental functional information available suggests that OPG might be protective in kidney disease and in vascular injury in the context of uremia. Thus, tissue injury results in increased OPG, while OPG may protect from tissue injury. Recombinant OPG was safe in phase I randomized controlled trials. Further research is needed to fully define the therapeutic and biomarker potential of OPG in patients with kidney disease.
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40
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Akiyama T, Miyamoto Y, Yoshimura K, Yamada A, Takami M, Suzawa T, Hoshino M, Imamura T, Akiyama C, Yasuhara R, Mishima K, Maruyama T, Kohda C, Tanaka K, Potempa J, Yasuda H, Baba K, Kamijo R. Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lysine gingipain enhances osteoclast differentiation induced by tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β but suppresses that by interleukin-17A: importance of proteolytic degradation of osteoprotegerin by lysine gingipain. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15621-30. [PMID: 24755218 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.520510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by alveolar bone resorption by osteoclasts. Porphyromonas gingivalis, an etiological agent for periodontitis, produces cysteine proteases called gingipains, which are classified based on their cleavage site specificity (i.e. arginine (Rgps) and lysine (Kgps) gingipains). We previously reported that Kgp degraded osteoprotegerin (OPG), an osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor secreted by osteoblasts, and enhanced osteoclastogenesis induced by various Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (Yasuhara, R., Miyamoto, Y., Takami, M., Imamura, T., Potempa, J., Yoshimura, K., and Kamijo, R. (2009) Lysine-specific gingipain promotes lipopolysaccharide- and active-vitamin D3-induced osteoclast differentiation by degrading osteoprotegerin. Biochem. J. 419, 159-166). Osteoclastogenesis is induced not only by TLR ligands but also by proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-17A, in inflammatory conditions, such as periodontitis. Although Kgp augmented osteoclastogenesis induced by TNF-α and IL-1β in co-cultures of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, it suppressed that induced by IL-17A. In a comparison of proteolytic degradation of these cytokines by Kgp in a cell-free system with that of OPG, TNF-α and IL-1β were less susceptible, whereas IL-17A and OPG were equally susceptible to degradation by Kgp. These results indicate that the enhancing effect of Kgp on cytokine-induced osteoclastogenesis is dependent on the difference in degradation efficiency between each cytokine and OPG. In addition, elucidation of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of OPG fragments revealed that Kgp primarily cleaved OPG in its death domain homologous region, which might prevent dimer formation of OPG required for inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand. Collectively, our results suggest that degradation of OPG by Kgp is a crucial event in the development of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Akiyama
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan, the Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan,
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Suzawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Marie Hoshino
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan, the Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takahisa Imamura
- the Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Chie Akiyama
- the Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Rika Yasuhara
- the Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- the Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Maruyama
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan, the Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Chikara Kohda
- the Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- the Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Jan Potempa
- the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland, the Oral Health and Systemic Diseases Group, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, and
| | - Hisataka Yasuda
- the Bioindustry Division, Oriental Yeast Company Ltd., Tokyo 174-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Baba
- the Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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41
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Ramos YFM, Bos SD, van der Breggen R, Kloppenburg M, Ye K, Lameijer EWEMW, Nelissen RGHH, Slagboom PE, Meulenbelt I. A gain of function mutation inTNFRSF11Bencoding osteoprotegerin causes osteoarthritis with chondrocalcinosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1756-62. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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42
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Osteoprotegerin: multiple partners for multiple functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:401-9. [PMID: 23827649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an essential secreted protein in bone turnover due to its role as a decoy receptor for the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kB ligand (RANKL) in the osteoclasts, thus inhibiting their differentiation. However, there are additional ligands of OPG that confer various biological functions. OPG can promote cell survival, cell proliferation and facilitates migration by binding TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans. A large number of in vitro, pre-clinical and clinical studies provide evidences of OPG involvement in vascular, bone, immune and tumor biology. This review describes an overview of the different OPG ligands regulating its biological functions.
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43
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Musso G, Paschetta E, Gambino R, Cassader M, Molinaro F. Interactions among bone, liver, and adipose tissue predisposing to diabesity and fatty liver. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:522-35. [PMID: 23816817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing epidemiological evidence connects obesity and its complications, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to reduced bone health and osteoporosis. Parallel to human studies, experimental data disclosed a complex network of interaction among adipose tissue, the liver, and the bone, which reciprocally modulate the function of each other. The main mediators of such crosstalk include hormonal/cytokine signals from the bone (osteopontin, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin), the liver (fetuin-A), and adipose tissue [leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and adiponectin]. Dysregulation of this network promotes the development of diabesity, NAFLD, and osteoporosis. We will review recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of bone-liver-adipose tissue interaction predisposing to obesity, diabetes, NAFLD, and osteoporosis and their potential clinical implications.
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44
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Lee HJ, Lee CH. Transglutaminase-2 Is Involved in Expression of Osteoprotegerin in MG-63 Osteosarcoma Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:204-9. [PMID: 24265865 PMCID: PMC3830118 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted glycoprotein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. It usually functions in bone remodeling, by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis through interaction with a receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB (RANKL). Transglutaminases-2 (Tgase-2) is a group of multifunctional enzymes that plays a role in cancer cell metastasis and bone formation. However, relationship between OPG and Tgase-2 is not studied. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in the expression of OPG in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Interleukin-1β time-dependently induced OPG and Tgase-2 expression in cell lysates and media of the MG-63 cells by a Western blot. Additional 110 kda band was found in the media of MG-63 cells. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate also induced OPG and Tgase-2 expression. However, an 110 kda band was not found in TPA-treated media of MG-63 cells. Cystamine, a Tgase-2 inhibitor, dose-dependently suppressed the expression of OPG in MG-63 cells. Gene silencing of Tgase-2 also signifi cantly suppressed the expression of OPG in MG-63 cells. Next, we examined whether a band of 110 kda of OPG contains an isopeptide bond, an indication of Tgase-2 action, by monoclonal antibody specifi c for the isopeptide bond. However, we could not fi nd the isopeptide bond at 110 kda but 77 kda, which is believed to be the band position of Tgase-2. This suggested that 110 kda is not the direct product of Tgase-2’s action. All together, OPG and Tgase-2 is induced by IL-1β or TPA in MG-63 cells and Tgase-2 is involved in OPG expression in MG-63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ja Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
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45
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Palumbo S, Li WJ. Osteoprotegerin enhances osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2176-87. [PMID: 23597005 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts and hold promise for applications of bone regeneration such as bone tissue engineering. However, current approaches for in vitro osteogenesis cannot effectively induce osteogenesis and need to be modified to produce quality bone for clinical applications. Previous studies have shown that the conditioned medium (CM) from osteoblast culture enhances osteogenesis of MSCs, and soluble osteogenic factors in the CM may be involved in the regulation. However, these factors are not fully identified. In this study, we profiled soluble factors secreted from MG-63 cells using a comparative protein array and found that osteoprotegerin (OPG), known as a potent anti-osteoclastogenic protein, was at the highest relative level among 507 soluble molecules detected by the array. Furthermore, treating hMSCs with OPG before osteogenic induction significantly increased the expression of osteocalcin mRNA transcript and the production of calcium deposits compared to the untreated control cells, suggesting that OPG is capable of priming undifferentiated hMSCs for the enhancement of subsequent osteogenesis. Furthermore, we showed that the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) was activated by OPG in undifferentiated hMSCs and that blocking NF-κB activation before osteogenic induction decreased osteogenesis of OPG-pretreated cells upon receiving osteogenic stimuli. Taken together, our results suggest that OPG is a pro-osteogenic factor that can be used as an osteogenic supplement in a growth medium to prime the osteogenic capacity of undifferentiated hMSCs to enhance osteogenesis for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- SunMi Palumbo
- Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53705, USA
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46
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Nelson CA, Warren JT, Wang MW, Teitelbaum SL, Fremont DH. RANKL employs distinct binding modes to engage RANK and the osteoprotegerin decoy receptor. Structure 2012; 20:1971-82. [PMID: 23039992 PMCID: PMC3607351 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) are members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily that regulate osteoclast formation and function by competing for RANK ligand (RANKL). RANKL promotes osteoclast development through RANK activation, while OPG inhibits this process by sequestering RANKL. For comparison, we solved crystal structures of RANKL with RANK and RANKL with OPG. Complementary biochemical and functional studies reveal that the monomeric cytokine-binding region of OPG binds RANKL with ∼500-fold higher affinity than RANK and inhibits RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis ∼150 times more effectively, in part because the binding cleft of RANKL makes unique contacts with OPG. Several side chains as well as the C-D and D-E loops of RANKL occupy different orientations when bound to OPG versus RANK. High affinity OPG binding requires a 90s loop Phe residue that is mutated in juvenile Paget's disease. These results suggest cytokine plasticity may help to fine-tune specific tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family cytokine/receptor pair selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Julia T. Warren
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Michael W.H. Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Steven L. Teitelbaum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA,Correspondence: DHF, , Tel: (314) 747-6547, Fax: (314) 362-8888
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47
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Mueller CG, Hess E. Emerging Functions of RANKL in Lymphoid Tissues. Front Immunol 2012; 3:261. [PMID: 22969763 PMCID: PMC3432452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members play pivotal roles in embryonic development of lymphoid tissue and their homeostasis. RANKL (Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, also called TRANCE, TNFSF11) is recognized as an important player in bone homeostasis and lymphoid tissue formation. In its absence bone mass control is deregulated and lymph nodes fail to develop. While its function in bone is well described, there is still little functional insight into the action of RANKL in lymphoid tissue development and homeostasis. Here we provide an overview of the known functions of RANKL, its signaling receptor RANK and its decoy receptor OPG from the perspective of lymphoid tissue development and immune activation in the mouse. Expressed by the hematopoietic lymphoid tissue inducing (LTi) cells and the mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells, RANKL was shown to stimulate Lymphotoxin (LT) expression and to be implicated in LTi cell accumulation. Our recent finding that RANKL also triggers proliferation of adult lymph node stroma suggests that RANKL may furthermore directly activate LTo cells. Beyond bone, the RANKL-RANK-OPG triad plays important roles in immunobiology that are waiting to be unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Mueller
- CNRS, Laboratory of Therapeutic Immunology and Chemistry, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, University of Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
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48
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Luan X, Lu Q, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Wang Q, Yuan H, Zhao W, Wang J, Wang X. Crystal Structure of Human RANKL Complexed with Its Decoy Receptor Osteoprotegerin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:245-52. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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49
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Ney JT, Fehm T, Juhasz-Boess I, Solomayer EF. RANK, RANKL and OPG Expression in Breast Cancer - Influence on Osseous Metastasis. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2012; 72:385-391. [PMID: 25298541 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In women, malignant breast tumours are among the most common malignant diseases in Europe. In advanced breast cancer, the risk of bone metastasis increases to 65-75 %. The discovery of the physiological bone metabolism parameters RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB), RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand) and OPG (osteoprotegerin) as well as their pathophysiological involvement in bone-related diseases is the subject of new therapeutic strategies. The formation of osteolytic bone metastasis requires increased osteoclast activity. Activation of osteoclasts by excessive direct RANKL or reduced OPG expression of osseous metastatic tumour cells remains to be elucidated. More than 50 % of primary breast cancer cells express OPG and RANK, while RANKL could be detected only in 14-60 %. Increased OPG concentrations in the serum of patients with bone metastases have been shown in several studies, whereas the RANKL results are described in an opposite manner. The use of OPG as a biomarker for the detection of osteolytic bone metastases is not consistent and needs to be proved in further studies. Increased RANKL activity was found in diseases characterised by excessive bone loss and formed the basis of new therapeutic options. In several studies, a human monoclonal antibody to RANKL (denosumab) was investigated for the treatment of bone diseases. Denosumab is a promising therapeutic option due to its bone-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Ney
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar
| | - T Fehm
- Tübingen University Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - I Juhasz-Boess
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar
| | - E F Solomayer
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar
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50
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McGonigle JS, Tae G, Stayton PS, Hoffman AS, Scatena M. Heparin-regulated delivery of osteoprotegerin promotes vascularization of implanted hydrogels. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 19:1021-34. [DOI: 10.1163/156856208784909381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. McGonigle
- a University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Giyoong Tae
- b Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Patrick S. Stayton
- c University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allan S. Hoffman
- d University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marta Scatena
- e University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, USA
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