1
|
He J, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang R, Cao X, Liu G. Gut microbiome-derived hydrolases-an underrated target of natural product metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1392249. [PMID: 38915922 PMCID: PMC11194327 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1392249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying gut microbiome-derived hydrolases in relation to oral drug metabolism, particularly focusing on natural product drugs. Despite the significance of natural product drugs in the field of oral medications, there is a lack of research on the regulatory interplay between gut microbiome-derived hydrolases and these drugs. This review delves into the interaction between intestinal microbiome-derived hydrolases and natural product drugs metabolism from three key perspectives. Firstly, it examines the impact of glycoside hydrolases, amide hydrolases, carboxylesterase, bile salt hydrolases, and epoxide hydrolase on the structure of natural products. Secondly, it explores how natural product drugs influence microbiome-derived hydrolases. Lastly, it analyzes the impact of interactions between hydrolases and natural products on disease development and the challenges in developing microbial-derived enzymes. The overarching goal of this review is to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the advancement of research and development in new natural product drugs and personalized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin He
- People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Pharmacy Department, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Pharmacy Department, Yinchuan, China
| | - Junming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Cao
- People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Pharmacy Department, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Medical University, School of Basic Medicine, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Ningxia Medical University, School of Basic Medicine, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thomas R, Fukamizo T, Suginta W. Green-Chemical Strategies for Production of Tailor-Made Chitooligosaccharides with Enhanced Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:6591. [PMID: 37764367 PMCID: PMC10536575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) are b-1,4-linked homo-oligosaccharides of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or glucosamine (GlcN), and also include hetero-oligosaccharides composed of GlcNAc and GlcN. These sugars are of practical importance because of their various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities, as well as triggering the innate immunity in plants. The reported data on bioactivities of COSs used to contain some uncertainties or contradictions, because the experiments were conducted with poorly characterized COS mixtures. Recently, COSs have been satisfactorily characterized with respect to their structures, especially the degree of polymerization (DP) and degree of N-acetylation (DA); thus, the structure-bioactivity relationship of COSs has become more unambiguous. To date, various green-chemical strategies involving enzymatic synthesis of COSs with designed sequences and desired biological activities have been developed. The enzymatic strategies could involve transglycosylation or glycosynthase reactions using reducing end-activated sugars as the donor substrates and chitinase/chitosanase and their mutants as the biocatalysts. Site-specific chitin deacetylases were also proposed to be applicable for this purpose. Furthermore, to improve the yields of the COS products, metabolic engineering techniques could be applied. The above-mentioned approaches will provide the opportunity to produce tailor-made COSs, leading to the enhanced utilization of chitin biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reeba Thomas
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payunai, Wangchan District, Rayong 21210, Thailand; (R.T.); (T.F.)
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payunai, Wangchan District, Rayong 21210, Thailand; (R.T.); (T.F.)
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Wipa Suginta
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payunai, Wangchan District, Rayong 21210, Thailand; (R.T.); (T.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pengthaisong S, Hua Y, Ketudat Cairns JR. Structural basis for transglycosylation in glycoside hydrolase family GH116 glycosynthases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 706:108924. [PMID: 34019851 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosynthases are glycoside hydrolase mutants that can synthesize oligosaccharides or glycosides from an inverted donor without hydrolysis of the products. Although glycosynthases have been characterized from a variety of glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, family GH116 glycosynthases have yet to be reported. We produced the Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum TxGH116 nucleophile mutants E441D, E441G, E441Q and E441S and compared their glycosynthase activities to the previously generated E441A mutant. The TxGH116 E441G and E441S mutants exhibited highest glycosynthase activity to transfer glucose from α-fluoroglucoside (α-GlcF) to cellobiose acceptor, while E441D had low but significant activity as well. The E441G, E441S and E441A variants showed broad specificity for α-glycosyl fluoride donors and p-nitrophenyl glycoside acceptors. The structure of the TxGH116 E441A mutant with α-GlcF provided the donor substrate complex, while soaking of the TxGH116 E441G mutant with α-GlcF resulted in cellooligosaccharides extending from the +1 subsite out of the active site, with glycerol in the -1 subsite. Soaking of E441A or E441G with cellobiose or cellotriose gave similar acceptor substrate complexes with the nonreducing glucosyl residue in the +1 subsite. Combining structures with the ligands from the TxGH116 E441A with α-GlcF crystals with that of E441A or E441G with cellobiose provides a plausible structure of the catalytic ternary complex, which places the nonreducing glucosyl residue O4 2.5 Å from the anomeric carbon of α-GlcF, thereby explaining its apparent preference for production of β-1,4-linked oligosaccharides. This functional and structural characterization provides the background for development of GH116 glycosynthases for synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycosides of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salila Pengthaisong
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Yanling Hua
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schmölzer K, Weingarten M, Baldenius K, Nidetzky B. Lacto-N-tetraose synthesis by wild-type and glycosynthase variants of the β-N-hexosaminidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:5661-5665. [PMID: 31094393 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00424f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lacto-N-biose 1,2-oxazoline was prepared chemo-enzymatically and shown to be a donor substrate for β-1,3-glycosylation of lactose by the wild-type and glycosynthase variants (D320E, D320A, Y419F) of Bifidobacterium bifidum β-N-hexosaminidase. Lacto-N-tetraose, a core structure of human milk oligosaccharides, was formed in 20-60% yield of donor substrate (up to 8 mM product titre), depending on the degree of selectivity control by the enzyme used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmölzer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gürkök S, Ögel ZB. TRANSGALACTOSYLATION FOR GALACTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS USING PURIFIED AND CHARACTERIZED RECOMBINANT α-GALACTOSIDASE FROM Aspergillus fumigatus IMI 385708 OVEREXPRESSED IN Aspergillus sojae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3153/fh19007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Ohnuma T, Tanaka T, Urasaki A, Dozen S, Fukamizo T. A novel method for chemo-enzymatic synthesis of chitin oligosaccharide catalyzed by the mutant of inverting family GH19 chitinase using 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl α-chitobioside as a glycosyl donor. J Biochem 2018; 165:497-503. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ohnuma
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Urasaki
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Dozen
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications that profoundly affects the structure and functions of proteins in a wide variety of biological recognition events. However, the structural complexity and heterogeneity of glycoproteins, usually resulting from the variations of glycan components and/or the sites of glycosylation, often complicates detailed structure-function relationship studies and hampers the therapeutic applications of glycoproteins. To address these challenges, various chemical and biological strategies have been developed for producing glycan-defined homogeneous glycoproteins. This review highlights recent advances in the development of chemoenzymatic methods for synthesizing homogeneous glycoproteins, including the generation of various glycosynthases for synthetic purposes, endoglycosidase-catalyzed glycoprotein synthesis and glycan remodeling, and direct enzymatic glycosylation of polypeptides and proteins. The scope, limitation, and future directions of each method are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lepak A, Gutmann A, Nidetzky B. β-Glucosyl Fluoride as Reverse Reaction Donor Substrate and Mechanistic Probe of Inverting Sugar Nucleotide-Dependent Glycosyltransferases. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lepak
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Gutmann
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The many advances in glycoscience have more and more brought to light the crucial role of glycosides and glycoconjugates in biological processes. Their major influence on the functionality and stability of peptides, cell recognition, health and immunity and many other processes throughout biology has increased the demand for simple synthetic methods allowing the defined syntheses of target glycosides. Additional interest in glycoside synthesis has arisen with the prospect of producing sustainable materials from these abundant polymers. Enzymatic synthesis has proven itself to be a promising alternative to the laborious chemical synthesis of glycosides by avoiding the necessity of numerous protecting group strategies. Among the biocatalytic strategies, glycosynthases, genetically engineered glycosidases void of hydrolytic activity, have gained much interest in recent years, enabling not only the selective synthesis of small glycosides and glycoconjugates, but also the production of highly functionalized polysaccharides. This review provides a detailed overview over the glycosylation possibilities of the variety of glycosynthases produced until now, focusing on the transfer of the most common glucosyl-, galactosyl-, xylosyl-, mannosyl-, fucosyl-residues and of whole glycan blocks by the different glycosynthase enzyme variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Hayes
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany.
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, IBG-1: Biotechnology, 52426 Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Strazzulli A, Cobucci-Ponzano B, Carillo S, Bedini E, Corsaro MM, Pocsfalvi G, Withers SG, Rossi M, Moracci M. Introducing transgalactosylation activity into a family 42 β-galactosidase. Glycobiology 2017; 27:425-437. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Strazzulli
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cobucci-Ponzano
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Carillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mosè Rossi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Moracci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biotechnological production of fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides: Prokaryotic fucosyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades or whole cell conversion systems. J Biotechnol 2016; 235:61-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
13
|
Miyazaki T, Nishikawa A, Tonozuka T. Crystal structure of the enzyme-product complex reveals sugar ring distortion during catalysis by family 63 inverting α-glycosidase. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:479-486. [PMID: 27688023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases are divided into two groups, known as inverting and retaining enzymes, based on their hydrolytic mechanisms. Glycoside hydrolase family 63 (GH63) is composed of inverting α-glycosidases, which act mainly on α-glucosides. We previously found that Escherichia coli GH63 enzyme, YgjK, can hydrolyze 2-O-α-d-glucosyl-d-galactose. Two constructed glycosynthase mutants, D324N and E727A, which catalyze the transfer of a β-glucosyl fluoride donor to galactose, lactose, and melibiose. Here, we determined the crystal structures of D324N and E727A soaked with a mixture of glucose and lactose at 1.8- and 2.1-Å resolutions, respectively. Because glucose and lactose molecules are found at the active sites in both structures, it is possible that these structures mimic the enzyme-product complex of YgjK. A glucose molecule found at subsite -1 in both structures adopts an unusual 1S3 skew-boat conformation. Comparison between these structures and the previously determined enzyme-substrate complex structure reveals that the glucose pyranose ring might be distorted immediately after nucleophilic attack by a water molecule. These structures represent the first enzyme-product complex for the GH63 family, as well as the structurally-related glycosidases, and it may provide insight into the catalytic mechanism of these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sugiyama Y, Gotoh A, Katoh T, Honda Y, Yoshida E, Kurihara S, Ashida H, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K, Kitaoka M, Katayama T. Introduction of H-antigens into oligosaccharides and sugar chains of glycoproteins using highly efficient 1,2-α-l-fucosynthase. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1235-1247. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
15
|
Abstract
A robust platform for facile defined glycan synthesis does not exist. Yet the need for such technology has never been greater as researchers seek to understand the full scope of carbohydrate function, stretching beyond the classical roles of structure and energy storage to encompass highly nuanced cell signaling events. To comprehensively explore and exploit the full diversity of carbohydrate functions, we must first be able to synthesize them in a controlled manner. Toward this goal, traditional chemical syntheses are inefficient while nature's own synthetic enzymes, the glycosyl transferases, can be challenging to express and expensive to employ on scale. Glycoside hydrolases represent a pool of glycan processing enzymes that can be either used in a transglycosylation mode or, better, engineered to function as "glycosynthases," mutant enzymes capable of assembling glycosides. Glycosynthases grant access to valuable glycans that act as functional and structural probes or indeed as inhibitors and therapeutics in their own right. The remodelling of glycosylation patterns in therapeutic proteins via glycoside hydrolases and their mutants is an exciting frontier in both basic research and industrial scale processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Danby
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ohnuma T, Dozen S, Honda Y, Kitaoka M, Fukamizo T. A glycosynthase derived from an inverting chitinase with an extended binding cleft. J Biochem 2016; 160:93-100. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
17
|
The crystal structure of an inverting glycoside hydrolase family 9 exo-β-D-glucosaminidase and the design of glycosynthase. Biochem J 2016; 473:463-72. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20150966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of an inverting exo-β-D-glucosaminidase from glycoside hydrolase family 9 was determined. This is the first description of the structure of an exo-type enzyme from this family. A glycosynthase was produced from this enzyme through saturation mutagenesis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Naqvi S, Moerschbacher BM. The cell factory approach toward biotechnological production of high-value chitosan oligomers and their derivatives: an update. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 37:11-25. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
19
|
Teze D, Daligault F, Ferrières V, Sanejouand YH, Tellier C. Semi-rational approach for converting a GH36 α-glycosidase into an α-transglycosidase. Glycobiology 2014; 25:420-7. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
20
|
Function and Structure Studies of GH Family 31 and 97 α-Glycosidases. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:2269-77. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Sugimura M, Nishimoto M, Kitaoka M. Characterization of Glycosynthase Mutants Derived from Glycoside Hydrolase Family 10 Xylanases. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:1210-7. [PMID: 16717424 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Four xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 10-Thermotoga maritima XylB (TM), Clostridium stercorarium XynB (CS), Bacillus halodurans XynA (BH), and Cellulomonas fimi Cex (CF)-were converted to glycosynthases by substituting the nucleophilic glutamic acid residues with glycine, alanine, and serine. The glycine mutants exhibited the highest levels of glycosynthase activity with all four enzymes. All the glycine mutants formed polymeric beta-1,4-linked xylopyranose as a precipitate during reaction with alpha-xylobiosyl fluoride. Two glycine mutants (TM and CF) recognized X(2) as an effective acceptor molecule to prohibit the formation of the polymer, while the other two (CS and BH) did not. The difference in acceptor specificity is considered to reflect the difference in substrate affinity at their +2 subsites. The results agreed with the structural predictions of the subsite, where TM and CF exhibit high affinity at subsite 2, suggesting that the glycosynthase technique is useful for investigating the affinity of +subsites.
Collapse
|
22
|
A Historical Perspective for the Catalytic Reaction Mechanism of Glycosidase; So As to Bring about Breakthrough in Confusing Situation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:215-31. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
23
|
Miyazaki T, Ichikawa M, Yokoi G, Kitaoka M, Mori H, Kitano Y, Nishikawa A, Tonozuka T. Structure of a bacterial glycoside hydrolase family 63 enzyme in complex with its glycosynthase product, and insights into the substrate specificity. FEBS J 2013; 280:4560-71. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| | - Megumi Ichikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| | - Gaku Yokoi
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| | - Motomitsu Kitaoka
- National Food Research Institute; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Recent development of phosphorylases possessing large potential for oligosaccharide synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:301-9. [PMID: 23403067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylases are one group of carbohydrate active enzymes involved in the cleavage and formation of glycosidic linkages together with glycoside hydrolases and sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases. Noticeably, the catalyzed phosphorolysis is reversible, making phosphorylases suitable catalysts for efficient synthesis of particular oligosaccharides from a donor sugar 1-phosphate and suitable carbohydrate acceptors with strict regioselectivity. Although utilization of phosphorylases for oligosaccharide synthesis has been limited because only few different enzymes are known, recently the number of reported phosphorylases has gradually increased, providing the variation making these enzymes useful tools for efficient synthesis of diverse oligosaccharides.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang J, Pengthaisong S, Cairns JRK, Liu Y. X-ray crystallography and QM/MM investigation on the oligosaccharide synthesis mechanism of rice BGlu1 glycosynthases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:536-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
26
|
Desmet T, Soetaert W, Bojarová P, Křen V, Dijkhuizen L, Eastwick-Field V, Schiller A. Enzymatic glycosylation of small molecules: challenging substrates require tailored catalysts. Chemistry 2012; 18:10786-801. [PMID: 22887462 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation can significantly improve the physicochemical and biological properties of small molecules like vitamins, antibiotics, flavors, and fragrances. The chemical synthesis of glycosides is, however, far from trivial and involves multistep routes that generate lots of waste. In this review, biocatalytic alternatives are presented that offer both stricter specificities and higher yields. The advantages and disadvantages of different enzyme classes are discussed and illustrated with a number of recent examples. Progress in the field of enzyme engineering and screening are expected to result in new applications of biocatalytic glycosylation reactions in various industrial sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Desmet
- University of Ghent, Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
A glycosynthase derived from an inverting GH19 chitinase from the moss Bryum coronatum. Biochem J 2012; 444:437-43. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20120036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BcChi-A, a GH19 chitinase from the moss Bryum coronatum, is an endo-acting enzyme that hydrolyses the glycosidic bonds of chitin, (GlcNAc)n [a β-1,4-linked polysaccharide of GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) with a polymerization degree of n], through an inverting mechanism. When the wild-type enzyme was incubated with α-(GlcNAc)2-F [α-(GlcNAc)2 fluoride] in the absence or presence of (GlcNAc)2, (GlcNAc)2 and hydrogen fluoride were found to be produced through the Hehre resynthesis–hydrolysis mechanism. To convert BcChi-A into a glycosynthase, we employed the strategy reported by Honda et al. [(2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 1426–1431; (2008) Glycobiology 18, 325–330] of mutating Ser102, which holds a nucleophilic water molecule, and Glu70, which acts as a catalytic base, producing S102A, S102C, S102D, S102G, S102H, S102T, E70G and E70Q. In all of the mutated enzymes, except S102T, hydrolytic activity towards (GlcNAc)6 was not detected under the conditions we used. Among the inactive BcChi-A mutants, S102A, S102C, S102G and E70G were found to successfully synthesize (GlcNAc)4 as a major product from α-(GlcNAc)2-F in the presence of (GlcNAc)2. The S102A mutant showed the greatest glycosynthase activity owing to its enhanced F− releasing activity and its suppressed hydrolytic activity. This is the first report on a glycosynthase that employs amino sugar fluoride as a donor substrate.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sakurama H, Fushinobu S, Hidaka M, Yoshida E, Honda Y, Ashida H, Kitaoka M, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K, Katayama T. 1,3-1,4-α-L-fucosynthase that specifically introduces Lewis a/x antigens into type-1/2 chains. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16709-19. [PMID: 22451675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.333781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-L-fucosyl residues attached at the non-reducing ends of glycoconjugates constitute histo-blood group antigens Lewis (Le) and ABO and play fundamental roles in various biological processes. Therefore, establishing a method for synthesizing the antigens is important for functional glycomics studies. However, regiospecific synthesis of glycosyl linkages, especially α-L-fucosyl linkages, is quite difficult to control both by chemists and enzymologists. Here, we generated an α-L-fucosynthase that specifically introduces Le(a) and Le(x) antigens into the type-1 and type-2 chains, respectively; i.e. the enzyme specifically accepts the disaccharide structures (Galβ1-3/4GlcNAc) at the non-reducing ends and attaches a Fuc residue via an α-(1,4/3)-linkage to the GlcNAc. X-ray crystallographic studies revealed the structural basis of this strict regio- and acceptor specificity, which includes the induced fit movement of the catalytically important residues, and the difference between the active site structures of 1,3-1,4-α-L-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.111) and α-L-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51) in glycoside hydrolase family 29. The glycosynthase developed in this study should serve as a potentially powerful tool to specifically introduce the Le(a/x) epitopes onto labile glycoconjugates including glycoproteins. Mining glycosidases with strict specificity may represent the most efficient route to the specific synthesis of glycosidic bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Sakurama
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pengthaisong S, Withers SG, Kuaprasert B, Svasti J, Cairns JRK. The role of the oligosaccharide binding cleft of rice BGlu1 in hydrolysis of cellooligosaccharides and in their synthesis by rice BGlu1 glycosynthase. Protein Sci 2012; 21:362-72. [PMID: 22238157 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rice BGlu1 β-glucosidase nucleophile mutant E386G is a glycosynthase that can synthesize p-nitrophenyl (pNP)-cellooligosaccharides of up to 11 residues. The X-ray crystal structures of the E386G glycosynthase with and without α-glucosyl fluoride were solved and the α-glucosyl fluoride complex was found to contain an ordered water molecule near the position of the nucleophile of the BGlu1 native structure, which is likely to stabilize the departing fluoride. The structures of E386G glycosynthase in complexes with cellotetraose and cellopentaose confirmed that the side chains of N245, S334, and Y341 interact with glucosyl residues in cellooligosaccharide binding subsites +2, +3, and +4. Mutants in which these residues were replaced in BGlu1 β-glucosidase hydrolyzed cellotetraose and cellopentaose with k(cat) /K(m) values similar to those of the wild type enzyme. However, the Y341A, Y341L, and N245V mutants of the E386G glycosynthase synthesize shorter pNP-cellooligosaccharides than do the E386G glycosynthase and its S334A mutant, suggesting that Y341 and N245 play important roles in the synthesis of long oligosaccharides. X-ray structural studies revealed that cellotetraose binds to the Y341A mutant of the glycosynthase in a very different, alternative mode not seen in complexes with the E386G glycosynthase, possibly explaining the similar hydrolysis, but poorer synthesis of longer oligosaccharides by Y341 mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salila Pengthaisong
- Schools of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cobucci-Ponzano B, Moracci M. Glycosynthases as tools for the production of glycan analogs of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:697-709. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
31
|
R. Ketudat Cairns J, Pengthaisong S, Luang S, Sansenya S, Tankrathok A, Svasti J. Protein-carbohydrate Interactions Leading to Hydrolysis and Transglycosylation in Plant Glycoside Hydrolase Family 1 Enzymes. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2012. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2011_022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Schmaltz
- The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Strohmeier GA, Pichler H, May O, Gruber-Khadjawi M. Application of Designed Enzymes in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4141-64. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100386u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gernot A. Strohmeier
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Pichler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver May
- DSM—Innovative Synthesis BV, Geleen, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kwan DH, Withers SG. Toward Efficient Enzymatic Glycan Synthesis: Directed Evolution and Enzyme Engineering. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.604457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Aachary AA, Prapulla SG. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) as an Emerging Prebiotic: Microbial Synthesis, Utilization, Structural Characterization, Bioactive Properties, and Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
38
|
Cobucci-Ponzano B, Zorzetti C, Strazzulli A, Carillo S, Bedini E, Corsaro MM, Comfort DA, Kelly RM, Rossi M, Moracci M. A novel α-d-galactosynthase from Thermotoga maritima converts β-d-galactopyranosyl azide to α-galacto-oligosaccharides. Glycobiology 2010; 21:448-56. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
39
|
Vuong TV, Wilson DB. Glycoside hydrolases: catalytic base/nucleophile diversity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:195-205. [PMID: 20552664 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that a number of glycoside hydrolase families do not follow the classical catalytic mechanisms, as they lack a typical catalytic base/nucleophile. A variety of mechanisms are used to replace this function, including substrate-assisted catalysis, a network of several residues, and the use of non-carboxylate residues or exogenous nucleophiles. Removal of the catalytic base/nucleophile by mutation can have a profound impact on substrate specificity, producing enzymes with completely new functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu V Vuong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nakai H, Hachem MA, Petersen BO, Westphal Y, Mannerstedt K, Baumann MJ, Dilokpimol A, Schols HA, Duus JØ, Svensson B. Efficient chemoenzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis by reverse phosphorolysis using cellobiose phosphorylase and cellodextrin phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum. Biochimie 2010; 92:1818-26. [PMID: 20678539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inverting cellobiose phosphorylase (CtCBP) and cellodextrin phosphorylase (CtCDP) from Clostridium thermocellum ATCC27405 of glycoside hydrolase family 94 catalysed reverse phosphorolysis to produce cellobiose and cellodextrins in 57% and 48% yield from α-d-glucose 1-phosphate as donor with glucose and cellobiose as acceptor, respectively. Use of α-d-glucosyl 1-fluoride as donor increased product yields to 98% for CtCBP and 68% for CtCDP. CtCBP showed broad acceptor specificity forming β-glucosyl disaccharides with β-(1→4)- regioselectivity from five monosaccharides as well as branched β-glucosyl trisaccharides with β-(1→4)-regioselectivity from three (1→6)-linked disaccharides. CtCDP showed strict β-(1→4)-regioselectivity and catalysed linear chain extension of the three β-linked glucosyl disaccharides, cellobiose, sophorose, and laminaribiose, whereas 12 tested monosaccharides were not acceptors. Structure analysis by NMR and ESI-MS confirmed two β-glucosyl oligosaccharide product series to represent novel compounds, i.e. β-D-glucopyranosyl-[(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl](n)-(1→2)-D-glucopyranose, and β-D-glucopyranosyl-[(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl](n)-(1→3)-D-glucopyranose (n = 1-7). Multiple sequence alignment together with a modelled CtCBP structure, obtained using the crystal structure of Cellvibrio gilvus CBP in complex with glucose as a template, indicated differences in the subsite +1 region that elicit the distinct acceptor specificities of CtCBP and CtCDP. Thus Glu636 of CtCBP recognized the C1 hydroxyl of β-glucose at subsite +1, while in CtCDP the presence of Ala800 conferred more space, which allowed accommodation of C1 substituted disaccharide acceptors at the corresponding subsites +1 and +2. Furthermore, CtCBP has a short Glu496-Thr500 loop that permitted the C6 hydroxyl of glucose at subsite +1 to be exposed to solvent, whereas the corresponding longer loop Thr637-Lys648 in CtCDP blocks binding of C6-linked disaccharides as acceptors at subsite +1. High yields in chemoenzymatic synthesis, a novel regioselectivity, and novel oligosaccharides including products of CtCDP catalysed oligosaccharide oligomerisation using α-d-glucosyl 1-fluoride, all together contribute to the formation of an excellent basis for rational engineering of CBP and CDP to produce desired oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakai
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kittl R, Withers SG. New approaches to enzymatic glycoside synthesis through directed evolution. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1272-9. [PMID: 20427037 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The expanding field of glycobiology requires tools for the synthesis of structurally defined oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, while any potential therapeutic applications of sugar-based derivates would require access to substantial quantities of such compounds. Classical chemical approaches are not well suited for such large-scale syntheses, thus enzymatic approaches are sought. Traditional routes to the enzymatic assembly of oligosaccharides have involved the use of either Nature's own biosynthetic enzymes, the glycosyl transferases, or glycosidases run in transglycosylation mode. However, each approach has drawbacks that have limited its application. Glycosynthases are mutant glycosidases in which the catalytic nucleophile has been replaced by mutation, inactivating them as hydrolases. When used in conjunction with glycosyl fluorides of the opposite anomeric configuration to that of the substrate, these enzymes function as highly efficient transferases, frequently giving stoichiometric yields of products. Further improvements can be obtained through directed evolution of the gene encoding the enzyme in question, but this requires the ability to screen very large libraries of catalysts. In this review we survey new screening methods for the formation of glycosidic linkages using high-throughput techniques, such as FACS, chemical complementation, and robot-assisted ELISA assays. Enzymes were evolved to have higher catalytic activity with their natural substrates, to show altered substrate specificities or to be promiscuous for efficient application in oligosaccharide, glycolipid, and glycoprotein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kittl
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hidaka M, Fushinobu S, Honda Y, Wakagi T, Shoun H, Kitaoka M. Structural explanation for the acquisition of glycosynthase activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 147:237-44. [PMID: 19819900 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hidaka
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wardenga R, Lindner HA, Hollmann F, Thum O, Bornscheuer U. Increasing the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio of aminoacylase 1 by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochimie 2010; 92:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
44
|
André I, Potocki-Véronèse G, Morel S, Monsan P, Remaud-Siméon M. Sucrose-Utilizing Transglucosidases for Biocatalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 294:25-48. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
45
|
β-Glycosyl Azides as Substrates for α-Glycosynthases: Preparation of Efficient α-L-Fucosynthases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:1097-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
46
|
Wang LX, Huang W. Enzymatic transglycosylation for glycoconjugate synthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 13:592-600. [PMID: 19766528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances have been made in recent years in exploiting the transglycosylation activity of glycosidases and glycosynthase mutants for oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate synthesis. New glycosynthases were generated from retaining glycosidases, inverting glycosidases, and those that proceed in a mechanism of substrate-assisted catalysis. Directed evolution coupled with elegant screening methods has led to the discovery of an expanding number of glycosynthase mutants that show improved catalytic activity and/or altered substrate specificity. In particular, enzymatic transglycosylation strategy has been recently extended to the synthesis of complex glycoconjugates, including glycosphingolipids, N-glycoproteins, and other glycosylated natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shaikh FA, Randriantsoa M, Withers SG. Mechanistic Analysis of the Blood Group Antigen-Cleaving endo-β-Galactosidase from Clostridium perfringens. Biochemistry 2009; 48:8396-404. [DOI: 10.1021/bi900991h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Aidha Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mialy Randriantsoa
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV - CNRS), affiliated with Joseph Fourier University, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Champion E, André I, Moulis C, Boutet J, Descroix K, Morel S, Monsan P, Mulard LA, Remaud-Siméon M. Design of α-Transglucosidases of Controlled Specificity for Programmed Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Antigenic Oligosaccharides. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7379-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ja900183h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Champion
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Claire Moulis
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Julien Boutet
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Karine Descroix
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Morel
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Monsan
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Laurence A. Mulard
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Siméon
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France, CNRS UMR 5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France, INRA UMR 792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France, Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France, and Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bojarová P, Kren V. Glycosidases: a key to tailored carbohydrates. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:199-209. [PMID: 19250692 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, carbohydrate-processing enzymes have become the enzymes of choice in many applications thanks to their stereoselectivity and efficiency. This review presents recent developments in glycosidase-catalyzed synthesis via two complementary approaches: the use of wild-type enzymes with engineered substrates, and mutant glycosidases. Genetic engineering has recently produced glucuronyl synthases, an inverting xylosynthase and the first mutant endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. A thorough selection of enzyme strains and aptly modified substrates have resulted in rare glycostructures, such as N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminuronates, beta1,4-linked mannosides and alpha1,4-linked galactosides. The efficient selection of mutant enzymes is facilitated by high-throughput screening assays involving the co-expression of coupled enzymes or chemical complementation. Selective glycosidase inhibitors and highly specific glycosidases are finding attractive applications in biomedicine, biology and proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Center of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kitaoka M, Honda Y, Fushinobu S, Hidaka M, Katayama T, Yamamoto K. Conversion of inverting glycoside hydrolases into catalysts for synthesizing glycosides employing a glycosynthase strategy. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2009. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.21.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|