1
|
D'Orsi B, Niewidok N, Düssmann H, Prehn JHM. Mitochondrial Carrier Homolog 2 Functionally Co-operates With BH3 Interacting-Domain Death Agonist in Promoting Ca 2+-Induced Neuronal Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750100. [PMID: 34708044 PMCID: PMC8542846 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (BID) is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family. While proteolytic processing of BID links death receptor-induced apoptosis to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, we previously showed that full length BID also translocates to mitochondria during Ca2+-induced neuronal cell death. Moreover, mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) was identified as a mitochondrial protein that interacts with BID during cell death. We started our studies by investigating the effect of Mtch2 silencing in a well-established model of Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in non-neuronal HCT116 cells. We found that silencing of Mtch2 inhibited mitochondrial swelling and the associated decrease in mitochondrial energetics, suggesting a pro-death function for MTCH2 during Ca2+-induced injury. Next, we explored the role of BID and MTCH2 in mediating Ca2+-induced injury in primary cortical neurons triggered by prolonged activation of NMDA glutamate receptors. Analysis of intracellular Ca2+ transients, using time-lapse confocal microscopy, revealed that neurons lacking Bid showed markedly reduced Ca2+ levels during the NMDA excitation period. These Ca2+ transients were further decreased when Mtch2 was also silenced. Collectively, our data suggest that BID and MTCH2 functionally interact to promote Ca2+-induced neuronal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice D'Orsi
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Natalia Niewidok
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hinder L, Pfaff AL, Emmerich RE, Michels S, Schlitzer M, Culmsee C. Characterization of Novel Diphenylamine Compounds as Ferroptosis Inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:184-196. [PMID: 34011530 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of oxidative cell death that is increasingly recognized as a key mechanism not only in neurodegeneration but also in regulated cell death, causing disease in other tissues. In neurons, major hallmarks of ferroptosis involve the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment of mitochondrial morphology and function. Compounds that interfere with ferroptosis could provide novel treatment options for neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases involving ferroptosis. In the present study, we developed new compounds by refining structural elements of the BH3 interacting-domain death agonist inhibitor BI-6c9, which was previously demonstrated to block ferroptosis signaling at the level of mitochondria. Here, we inserted an antioxidative diphenylamine (DPA) structure to the BI-6c9 structure. These DPA compounds were then tested in models of erastin, and Ras-selective lethal small molecule 3 induced ferroptosis in neuronal HT22 cells. The DPA compounds showed an increased protective potency against ferroptotic cell death compared with the scaffold molecule BI-6c9. Moreover, hallmarks of ferroptosis such as lipid, cytosolic, and mitochondrial ROS formation were abrogated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, mitochondrial parameters such as mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial respiration were preserved by the DPA compounds, supporting the conclusion that lipid ROS toxicity and mitochondrial impairment are closely related in ferroptosis. Our findings confirm that the DPA compounds are very effective agents in preventing ferroptotic cell death by blocking ROS production and, in particular, via mitochondrial protection. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Preventing neuronal cells from different forms of oxidative cell death was previously described as a promising strategy for treatment against several neurodegenerative diseases. This study reports novel compounds based on a diphenylamine structure that strongly protects neuronal HT22 cells from ferroptotic cell death upon erastin and Ras-selective lethal small molecule 3 induction by preventing the development of different reactive oxygen species and by protecting mitochondria from ferroptotic impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hinder
- Departments of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy (L.H., S.M., C.C.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (A.L.P., R.E.E., M.S.), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany (L.H., S.M., C.C.)
| | - A L Pfaff
- Departments of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy (L.H., S.M., C.C.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (A.L.P., R.E.E., M.S.), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany (L.H., S.M., C.C.)
| | - R E Emmerich
- Departments of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy (L.H., S.M., C.C.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (A.L.P., R.E.E., M.S.), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany (L.H., S.M., C.C.)
| | - S Michels
- Departments of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy (L.H., S.M., C.C.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (A.L.P., R.E.E., M.S.), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany (L.H., S.M., C.C.)
| | - M Schlitzer
- Departments of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy (L.H., S.M., C.C.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (A.L.P., R.E.E., M.S.), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany (L.H., S.M., C.C.)
| | - C Culmsee
- Departments of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy (L.H., S.M., C.C.) and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (A.L.P., R.E.E., M.S.), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany (L.H., S.M., C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hantusch A, Rehm M, Brunner T. Counting on Death – Quantitative aspects of Bcl‐2 family regulation. FEBS J 2018; 285:4124-4138. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hantusch
- Department of Biology Chair of Biochemical Pharmacology University of Konstanz Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology University of Konstanz Germany
| | - Markus Rehm
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin 2 Ireland
- Centre for Systems Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin 2 Ireland
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology University of Stuttgart Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology University of Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Department of Biology Chair of Biochemical Pharmacology University of Konstanz Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology University of Konstanz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomas G, Aslan JE, Thomas L, Shinde P, Shinde U, Simmen T. Caught in the act - protein adaptation and the expanding roles of the PACS proteins in tissue homeostasis and disease. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1865-1876. [PMID: 28476937 PMCID: PMC5482974 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate proteins that fulfill multiple and seemingly disparate functions are increasingly recognized as vital solutions to maintaining homeostasis in the face of the complex cell and tissue physiology of higher metazoans. However, the molecular adaptations that underpin this increased functionality remain elusive. In this Commentary, we review the PACS proteins - which first appeared in lower metazoans as protein traffic modulators and evolved in vertebrates to integrate cytoplasmic protein traffic and interorganellar communication with nuclear gene expression - as examples of protein adaptation 'caught in the act'. Vertebrate PACS-1 and PACS-2 increased their functional density and roles as metabolic switches by acquiring phosphorylation sites and nuclear trafficking signals within disordered regions of the proteins. These findings illustrate one mechanism by which vertebrates accommodate their complex cell physiology with a limited set of proteins. We will also highlight how pathogenic viruses exploit the PACS sorting pathways as well as recent studies on PACS genes with mutations or altered expression that result in diverse diseases. These discoveries suggest that investigation of the evolving PACS protein family provides a rich opportunity for insight into vertebrate cell and organ homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15239, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15239, USA
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laurel Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15239, USA
| | - Pushkar Shinde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ujwal Shinde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2H7
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dar NJ, Satti NK, Dutt P, Hamid A, Ahmad M. Attenuation of Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity by Withanolide-A in Neuron-Like Cells: Role for PI3K/Akt/MAPK Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2725-2739. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
6
|
Li H, Jiang W, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Wu P, Zhao J, Duan X, Zhou X, Feng L. The metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 92:126-140. [PMID: 26795598 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the apoptosis pathways in hydroxyl radicals ((∙)OH)-induced carp erythrocytes. Carp erythrocytes were treated with the caspase inhibitors in physiological carp saline (PCS) or Ca(2+)-free PCS in the presence of 40μM FeSO4/20μM H2O2. The results showed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the release of cytochrome c and DNA fragmentation were caspase-dependent, and Ca(2+) was involved in calpain activation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in (∙)OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Moreover, the results suggested that caspases were involved in PS exposure, and Ca(2+) was involved in DNA fragmentation in (∙)OH-induced fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that there might be two apoptosis pathways in fish erythrocytes, one is the caspase and cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis that is similar to that in mammal nucleated cells, the other is the Ca(2+)-involved apoptosis that was similar to that in mammal non-nucleated erythrocytes. So, fish erythrocytes may be used as a model for studying oxidative stress and apoptosis in mammal cells. Furthermore, the present study investigated the effects of glutamine (Gln)'s metabolites [alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit), proline (Pro) and their combination (Ala10Pro4Cit1)] on the pathways of apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. The results displayed that Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 effectively suppressed ROS generation, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 at the physiological concentrations, prevented Ca(2+) influx, calpain activation, PS exposure, DNA fragmentation and the degradation of the cytoskeleton and oxidation of membrane and hemoglobin (Hb) and increased activity of anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) in (∙)OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Ala10Pro4Cit1 produced a synergistic effect of inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that Ala, Cit, Pro and their combination can protect mammal erythrocytes and nucleated cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis. The studies supported the use of Gln, Ala, Cit and Pro as oxidative stress and apoptosis inhibitors in mammal cells and the hypothesis that the inhibited effects of Gln on oxidative stress and apoptosis are at least partly dependent on that of its metabolites in mammalian.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Sichuan, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xudong Duan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jacob SF, Würstle ML, Delgado ME, Rehm M. An Analysis of the Truncated Bid- and ROS-dependent Spatial Propagation of Mitochondrial Permeabilization Waves during Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4603-13. [PMID: 26699404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.689109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is essential for the efficient elimination of surplus, damaged, and transformed cells during metazoan embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Situated at the interface of apoptosis initiation and execution, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) represents one of the most fundamental processes during apoptosis signal transduction. It was shown that MOMP can spatiotemporally propagate through cells, in particular in response to extrinsic apoptosis induction. Based on apparently contradictory experimental evidence, two distinct molecular mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the propagation of MOMP signals, namely a reaction-diffusion mechanism governed by anisotropies in the production of the MOMP-inducer truncated Bid (tBid), or a process that drives the spatial propagation of MOMP by sequential bursts of reactive oxygen species. We therefore generated mathematical models for both scenarios and performed in silico simulations of spatiotemporal MOMP signaling to identify which one of the two mechanisms is capable of qualitatively and quantitatively reproducing the existing data. We found that the explanatory power of each model was limited in that only a subset of experimental findings could be replicated. However, the integration of both models into a combined mathematical description of spatiotemporal tBid and reactive oxygen species signaling accurately reproduced all available experimental data and furthermore, provided robustness to spatial MOMP propagation when mitochondria are spatially separated. Our study therefore provides a theoretical framework that is sufficient to describe and mechanistically explain the spatiotemporal propagation of one of the most fundamental processes during apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma F Jacob
- From the Department of Physiology & Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Maximilian L Würstle
- From the Department of Physiology & Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M Eugenia Delgado
- From the Department of Physiology & Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Markus Rehm
- From the Department of Physiology & Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li H, Feng L, Jiang W, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Wu P, Zhou X. Ca(2+) and caspases are involved in hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis in erythrocytes of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1305-1319. [PMID: 26080678 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There are young erythrocytes and mature erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of fish. The present study explored the apoptosis in hydroxyl radical ((·)OH)-induced young and mature erythrocytes of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Carp erythrocytes from the peripheral blood were separated into the young fraction, the intermediate fraction and the mature fraction using fixed-angle centrifugation. The erythrocytes in three age fractions were treated with the caspase inhibitors (zVAD-fmk) in physiological carp saline (PCS) or Ca(2+)-free PCS in the presence of 40 μM FeSO4/20 μM H2O2. The results showed that the (·)OH-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and DNA fragmentation are caspase dependent in carp erythrocytes. Furthermore, the ROS generation, PS exposure and DNA fragmentation in the more young fraction are more dependent on the caspase activity. This suggested that the caspases are involved in the (·)OH-induced apoptosis in the young erythrocytes of fish. Results also indicated that Ca(2+) is involved in (·)OH-induced calpain activation, PS exposure and DNA fragmentation in carp erythrocytes. Moreover, the calpain activation, DNA fragmentation and PS exposure in the more mature fraction are more dependent on the levels of Ca(2+). This revealed that (·)OH-induced apoptosis is Ca(2+) dependent in the mature erythrocytes of fish. Taken together, there might be two apoptosis pathways in fish erythrocytes: one is the caspase-dependent apoptosis in the young erythrocytes and the other is the Ca(2+)-involved apoptosis in the mature erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HuaTao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - WeiDan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - YongAn Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - XiaoQiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Single-cell imaging of bioenergetic responses to neuronal excitotoxicity and oxygen and glucose deprivation. J Neurosci 2014; 34:10192-205. [PMID: 25080581 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3127-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is a condition occurring during cerebral ischemia, seizures, and chronic neurodegeneration. It is characterized by overactivation of glutamate receptors, leading to excessive Ca(2+)/Na(+) influx into neurons, energetic stress, and subsequent neuronal injury. We and others have previously investigated neuronal populations to study how bioenergetic parameters determine neuronal injury; however, such experiments are often confounded by population-based heterogeneity and the contribution of effects of non-neuronal cells. Hence, we here characterized bioenergetics during transient excitotoxicity in rat and mouse primary neurons at the single-cell level using fluorescent sensors for intracellular glucose, ATP, and activation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We identified ATP depletion and recovery to energetic homeostasis, along with AMPK activation, as surprisingly rapid and plastic responses in two excitotoxic injury paradigms. We observed rapid recovery of neuronal ATP levels also in the absence of extracellular glucose, or when glycolytic ATP production was inhibited, but found mitochondria to be critical for fast and complete energetic recovery. Using an injury model of oxygen and glucose deprivation, we identified a similarly rapid bioenergetics response, yet with incomplete ATP recovery and decreased AMPK activity. Interestingly, excitotoxicity also induced an accumulation of intracellular glucose, providing an additional source of energy during and after excitotoxicity-induced energy depletion. We identified this to originate from extracellular, AMPK-dependent glucose uptake and from intracellular glucose mobilization. Surprisingly, cells recovering their elevated glucose levels faster to baseline survived longer, indicating that the plasticity of neurons to adapt to bioenergetic challenges is a key indicator of neuronal viability.
Collapse
|
10
|
Prakasam A, Ghose S, Oleinik NV, Bethard JR, Peterson YK, Krupenko NI, Krupenko SA. JNK1/2 regulate Bid by direct phosphorylation at Thr59 in response to ALDH1L1. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1358. [PMID: 25077544 PMCID: PMC4123105 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid) is a BH3-only pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Its function in apoptosis is associated with the proteolytic cleavage to the truncated form tBid, mainly by caspase-8. tBid translocates to mitochondria and assists Bax and Bak in induction of apoptosis. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent alternative processing of Bid to jBid was also reported. We have previously shown that the folate stress enzyme 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1) activates JNK1 and JNK2 in cancer cells as a pro-apoptotic response. Here we report that in PC-3 prostate cancer cells, JNK1/2 phosphorylate Bid at Thr59 within the caspase cleavage site in response to ALDH1L1. In vitro, all three JNK isoforms, JNK 1–3, phosphorylated Thr59 of Bid with JNK1 being the least active. Thr59 phosphorylation protected Bid from cleavage by caspase-8, resulting in strong accumulation of the full-length protein and its translocation to mitochondria. Interestingly, although we did not observe jBid in response to ALDH1L1 in PC-3 cells, transient expression of Bid mutants lacking the caspase-8 cleavage site resulted in strong accumulation of jBid. Of note, a T59D mutant mimicking constitutive phosphorylation revealed more profound cleavage of Bid to jBid. JNK-driven Bid accumulation had a pro-apoptotic effect in our study: small interfering RNA silencing of either JNK1/2 or Bid prevented Bid phosphorylation and accumulation, and rescued ALDH1L1-expressing cells. As full-length Bid is a weaker apoptogen than tBid, we propose that the phosphorylation of Bid by JNKs, followed by the accumulation of the full-length protein, delays attainment of apoptosis, and allows the cell to evaluate the stress and make a decision regarding the response strategy. This mechanism perhaps can be modified by the alternative cleavage of phospho-T59 Bid to jBid at some conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Ghose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - N V Oleinik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J R Bethard
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Y K Peterson
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - N I Krupenko
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA [2] Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S A Krupenko
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA [2] Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Parhamifar L, Wu L, Andersen H, Moghimi SM. Live-cell fluorescent microscopy platforms for real-time monitoring of polyplex–cell interaction: Basic guidelines. Methods 2014; 68:300-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
12
|
Oppermann S, Schrader FC, Elsässer K, Dolga AM, Kraus AL, Doti N, Wegscheid-Gerlach C, Schlitzer M, Culmsee C. Novel N-phenyl-substituted thiazolidinediones protect neural cells against glutamate- and tBid-induced toxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:273-89. [PMID: 24849923 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.213777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial demise is a key feature of progressive neuronal death contributing to acute and chronic neurological disorders. Recent studies identified a pivotal role for the BH3-only protein B-cell lymphoma-2 interacting domain death antagonist (Bid) for such mitochondrial damage and delayed neuronal death after oxygen-glucose deprivation, glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, or oxidative stress in vitro and after cerebral ischemia in vivo. Therefore, we developed new N-phenyl-substituted thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives as potent inhibitors of Bid-dependent neurotoxicity. The new compounds 6, 7, and 16 were identified as highly protective by extensive screening in a model of glutamate toxicity in immortalized mouse hippocampal neurons (HT-22 cells). These compounds significantly prevent truncated Bid-induced toxicity in the neuronal cell line, providing strong evidence that inhibition of Bid was the underlying mechanism of the observed protective effects. Furthermore, Bid-dependent hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP depletion, as well as impairments in mitochondrial respiration, are significantly prevented by compounds 6, 7, and 16. Therefore, the present study identifies a class of N-phenyl thiazolidinediones as novel Bid-inhibiting neuroprotective agents that provide promising therapeutic perspectives for neurodegenerative diseases, in which Bid-mediated mitochondrial damage and associated intrinsic death pathways contribute to the underlying progressive loss of neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Oppermann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.O., K.E., A.M.D., C.C.) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (F.C.S., A.L.K., C.W.-G., M.S.); and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy (N.D.)
| | - Florian C Schrader
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.O., K.E., A.M.D., C.C.) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (F.C.S., A.L.K., C.W.-G., M.S.); and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy (N.D.)
| | - Katharina Elsässer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.O., K.E., A.M.D., C.C.) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (F.C.S., A.L.K., C.W.-G., M.S.); and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy (N.D.)
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.O., K.E., A.M.D., C.C.) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (F.C.S., A.L.K., C.W.-G., M.S.); and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy (N.D.)
| | - Anna Lena Kraus
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.O., K.E., A.M.D., C.C.) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (F.C.S., A.L.K., C.W.-G., M.S.); and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy (N.D.)
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.O., K.E., A.M.D., C.C.) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (F.C.S., A.L.K., C.W.-G., M.S.); and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy (N.D.)
| | - Christof Wegscheid-Gerlach
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.O., K.E., A.M.D., C.C.) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (F.C.S., A.L.K., C.W.-G., M.S.); and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy (N.D.)
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.O., K.E., A.M.D., C.C.) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (F.C.S., A.L.K., C.W.-G., M.S.); and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy (N.D.)
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy (S.O., K.E., A.M.D., C.C.) and Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany (F.C.S., A.L.K., C.W.-G., M.S.); and Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy (N.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Weisová P, Alvarez SP, Kilbride SM, Anilkumar U, Baumann B, Jordán J, Bernas T, Huber HJ, Düssmann H, Prehn JHM. Latrepirdine is a potent activator of AMP-activated protein kinase and reduces neuronal excitability. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e317. [PMID: 24150226 PMCID: PMC3818013 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Latrepirdine/Dimebon is a small-molecule compound with attributed neurocognitive-enhancing activities, which has recently been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Latrepirdine has been suggested to be a neuroprotective agent that increases mitochondrial function, however the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities have remained elusive. We here demonstrate that latrepirdine, at (sub)nanomolar concentrations (0.1 nM), activates the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Treatment of primary neurons with latrepirdine increased intracellular ATP levels and glucose transporter 3 translocation to the plasma membrane. Latrepirdine also increased mitochondrial uptake of the voltage-sensitive probe TMRM. Gene silencing of AMPKα or its upstream kinases, LKB1 and CaMKKβ, inhibited this effect. However, studies using the plasma membrane potential indicator DisBAC2(3) demonstrated that the effects of latrepirdine on TMRM uptake were largely mediated by plasma membrane hyperpolarization, precluding a purely 'mitochondrial' mechanism of action. In line with a stabilizing effect of latrepirdine on plasma membrane potential, pretreatment with latrepirdine reduced spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations as well as glutamate-induced Ca(2+) increases in primary neurons, and protected neurons against glutamate toxicity. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrate that latrepirdine is a potent activator of AMPK, and suggest that one of the main pharmacological activities of latrepirdine is a reduction in neuronal excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Weisová
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland,Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S P Alvarez
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland,Dpto Ciencias Médicas-Farmacología, Faculdad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - S M Kilbride
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - U Anilkumar
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Baumann
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Jordán
- Dpto Ciencias Médicas-Farmacología, Faculdad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - T Bernas
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland,Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H J Huber
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Düssmann
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 Saint Stephen's Green, Dublin, 2, Ireland. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manwani B, McCullough LD. Function of the master energy regulator adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in stroke. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1018-29. [PMID: 23463465 PMCID: PMC4266469 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved signaling molecule that is emerging as one of the most important energy sensors in the body. AMPK monitors cellular energy status and is activated via phosphorylation when energy stores are low. This allows for maintenance of energy homeostasis by promoting catabolic pathways for ATP production and limiting processes that consume ATP. Growing number of stimuli have been shown to activate AMPK, and AMPK has been implicated in many diverse biological processes, including cell polarity, autophagy, and senescence. The effect of AMPK activation and its biological functions are extremely diverse and depend on both the overall energy "milieu" and the location and duration of activation. AMPK has tissue- and isoform-specific functions in the brain vs. periphery. These functions and the pathways activated also appear to differ by cell location (hypothalamus vs. cortex), cell type (astrocyte vs. neuron), and duration of exposure. Short bursts of AMPK activation have been found to be involved in ischemic preconditioning and neuronal survival; however, prolonged AMPK activity during ischemia leads to neuronal cell death. AMPK may also underlie some of the beneficial effects of hypothermia, a potential therapy for ischemic brain injury. This review discusses the role of AMPK in ischemic stroke, a condition of severe energy depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Manwani
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
- Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Excitotoxicity resulting from excessive Ca(2+) influx through glutamate receptors contributes to neuronal injury after stroke, trauma, and seizures. Increased cytosolic Ca(2+) levels activate a family of calcium-dependent proteases with papain-like activity, the calpains. Here we investigated the role of calpain activation during NMDA-induced excitotoxic injury in embryonic (E16-E18) murine cortical neurons that (1) underwent excitotoxic necrosis, characterized by immediate deregulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis, a persistent depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ(m)), and insensitivity to bax-gene deletion, (2) underwent excitotoxic apoptosis, characterized by recovery of NMDA-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) increases, sensitivity to bax gene deletion, and delayed Δψ(m) depolarization and Ca(2+) deregulation, or (3) that were tolerant to excitotoxic injury. Interestingly, treatment with the calpain inhibitor calpeptin, overexpression of the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin, or gene silencing of calpain protected neurons against excitotoxic apoptosis but did not influence excitotoxic necrosis. Calpeptin failed to exert a protective effect in bax-deficient neurons but protected bid-deficient neurons similarly to wild-type cells. To identify when calpains became activated during excitotoxic apoptosis, we monitored calpain activation dynamics by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy using a calpain-sensitive Förster resonance energy transfer probe. We observed a delayed calpain activation that occurred downstream of mitochondrial engagement and directly preceded neuronal death. In contrast, we could not detect significant calpain activity during excitotoxic necrosis or in neurons that were tolerant to excitotoxic injury. Oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures confirmed that calpains were specifically activated during bax-dependent apoptosis and in this setting function as downstream cell-death executioners.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bid-induced mitochondrial membrane permeabilization waves propagated by local reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:4497-502. [PMID: 22393005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118244109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bid-induced mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release are central to apoptosis. It remains a mystery how tiny amounts of Bid synchronize the function of a large number of discrete organelles, particularly in mitochondria-rich cells. Looking at cell populations, the rate and lag time of the Bid-induced permeabilization are dose-dependent, but even very low doses lead eventually to complete cytochrome c release. By contrast, individual mitochondria display relatively rapid and uniform kinetics, indicating that the dose dependence seen in populations is due to a spreading of individual events in time. We report that Bid-induced permeabilization and cytochrome c release regularly demonstrate a wave-like pattern, propagating through a cell at a constant velocity without dissipation. Such waves do not depend on caspase activation or permeability transition pore opening. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers suppressed the coordination of cytochrome c release and also inhibited Bid-induced cell death, whereas both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide sensitized mitochondria to Bid-induced permeabilization. Thus, Bid engages a ROS-dependent, local intermitochondrial potentiation mechanism that amplifies the apoptotic signal as a wave.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Impaired regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, which shifts the balance towards fission, is associated with neuronal death in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. A role for mitochondrial dynamics in acute brain injury, however, has not been elucidated to date. Here, we investigated the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), one of the key regulators of mitochondrial fission, in neuronal cell death induced by glutamate toxicity or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro, and after ischemic brain damage in vivo. Drp1 siRNA and small molecule inhibitors of Drp1 prevented mitochondrial fission, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cell death induced by glutamate or tBid overexpression in immortalized hippocampal HT-22 neuronal cells. Further, Drp1 inhibitors protected primary neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity and OGD, and reduced the infarct volume in a mouse model of transient focal ischemia. Our data indicate that Drp1 translocation and associated mitochondrial fission are key features preceding the loss of MMP and neuronal cell death. Thus, inhibition of Drp1 is proposed as an efficient strategy of neuroprotection against glutamate toxicity and OGD in vitro and ischemic brain damage in vivo.
Collapse
|
18
|
Optogenetic reporters: Fluorescent protein-based genetically encoded indicators of signaling and metabolism in the brain. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2012; 196:235-63. [PMID: 22341329 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59426-6.00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent protein technology has evolved to include genetically encoded biosensors that can monitor levels of ions, metabolites, and enzyme activities as well as protein conformation and even membrane voltage. They are well suited to live-cell microscopy and quantitative analysis, and they can be used in multiple imaging modes, including one- or two-photon fluorescence intensity or lifetime microscopy. Although not nearly complete, there now exists a substantial set of genetically encoded reporters that can be used to monitor many aspects of neuronal and glial biology, and these biosensors can be used to visualize synaptic transmission and activity-dependent signaling in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we present an overview of design strategies for engineering biosensors, including sensor designs using circularly permuted fluorescent proteins and using fluorescence resonance energy transfer between fluorescent proteins. We also provide examples of indicators that sense small ions (e.g., pH, chloride, zinc), metabolites (e.g., glutamate, glucose, ATP, cAMP, lipid metabolites), signaling pathways (e.g., G protein-coupled receptors, Rho GTPases), enzyme activities (e.g., protein kinase A, caspases), and reactive species. We focus on examples where these genetically encoded indicators have been applied to brain-related studies and used with live-cell fluorescence microscopy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Agents commonly used in cancer chemotherapy rely on the induction of cell death via apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, premature senescence and autophagy. Chemoresistance is the major factor limiting long-term treatment success in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies have revealed that the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) exerts anti-apoptotic effects, resulting in an increased drug resistance in HCC cells. In this study, we showed that etoposide treatment activated caspase-8 and caspase-3, leading to cleavages of p53, Bid and PARP, which subsequently induced apoptosis. Furthermore, p53 and Bid were accumulated in cytoplasm following etoposide treatment. However, HBx significantly attenuated etoposide-induced cell death. In HBx-expressing cells, despite the translocation of p53 and Bid to cytoplasm, the activation of caspases was inhibited. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was markedly increased in HBx-expressing cells. Moreover, the pretreatment with trichostatin A (TSA, a histone deacetylase inhibitor) or TSA in combination with etoposide significantly sensitized HCC cells to apoptosis by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation, reactivating caspases and PARP, and inducing translocation of p53 and Bid to cytoplasm. Collectively, HBx reduces the sensitivity of HCC cells to chemotherapy. TSA in combination with etoposide can significantly overcome the increased resistance of HBx-expressing HCC cells to chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Maas C, de Vries E, Tait SWG, Borst J. Bid can mediate a pro-apoptotic response to etoposide and ionizing radiation without cleavage in its unstructured loop and in the absence of p53. Oncogene 2011; 30:3636-47. [PMID: 21423217 PMCID: PMC3158540 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BH3-only protein Bid is a key player in death receptor-induced apoptosis, because it provides the link with the mitochondrial route for caspase activation. In this pathway, Bid is activated upon cleavage by caspase-8. Its BH3 domain-containing carboxy-terminal fragment subsequently provokes mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by Bak/Bax activation. Bid has also been implicated in the apoptotic response to ionizing radiation (IR) and the topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide, anti-cancer regimens that cause double-strand (ds)DNA breaks. We confirm the existence of this pathway and show that it is p53-independent. However, the degree of Bid participation in the apoptotic response to dsDNA breaks depends on the nature of cell transformation. We used Bid-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) lines that were reconstituted with Bid to control the cellular background and demonstrated that the Bid-dependent apoptotic pathway induced by IR and etoposide operates in MEFs that are transformed by SV40, but is not evident in E1A/Ras-transformed MEFs. The Bid-dependent apoptotic response in p53-deficient SV40-transformed MEFs contributed to clonogenic execution of the cells, implying relevance for treatment outcome. In these cells, Bid acted in a conventional manner in that it required its BH3 domain to mediate apoptosis in response to IR and etoposide, and triggered apoptotic execution by indirect activation of Bak/Bax, mitochondrial permeabilization and caspase-9 activation. However, the mechanism of Bid activation was unconventional, because elimination of all known or suspected cleavage sites for caspases or other proteolytic enzymes and even complete elimination of its unstructured cleavage loop left Bid's pro-apoptotic role in the response to IR and etoposide unaffected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Maas
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E de Vries
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S W G Tait
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Borst
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Weisová P, Dávila D, Tuffy LP, Ward MW, Concannon CG, Prehn JHM. Role of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in cell survival and death responses in neurons. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:1863-76. [PMID: 20712420 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
5'-Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key sensor of cellular energy status. AMPK signaling regulates energy balance at the cellular, organ, and whole-body level. More recently, it has become apparent that AMPK plays also an important role in long-term decisions that determine cell fate, in particular cell cycle progression and apoptosis activation. Here, we describe the diverse mechanisms of AMPK activation and the role of AMPK in the regulation of cellular energy balance. We summarize recent studies implicating AMPK activation in the regulation of neuronal survival and as a key player during ischemic stroke. We also suggest that AMPK activation may have dual functions in the regulation of neuronal survival: AMPK provides a protective effect during transient energy depletion as exemplified in a model of neuronal Ca(2+) overloading, and this effect is partially mediated by the activation of neuronal glucose transporter 3. Prolonged AMPK activation, on the contrary, can lead to neuronal apoptosis via the transcriptional activation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, bim. Molecular switches that determine the protective versus cell death-inducing effects of AMPK activation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petronela Weisová
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI Neuroscience Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Luo W, Li J, Zhang D, Cai T, Song L, Yin XM, Desai D, Amin S, Chen J, Huang C. Bid mediates anti-apoptotic COX-2 induction through the IKKbeta/NFkappaB pathway due to 5-MCDE exposure. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2010; 10:96-106. [PMID: 20088789 DOI: 10.2174/156800910790980160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although Bid has been considered as a cell apoptotic mediator, current studies suggest a possible role in cell survival in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) response to low doses of anti-(+/-)-5- methylchrysene-1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide(<or=0.25 microM) (5-MCDE). We found that exposure of MEFs to 0.25 microM 5-MCDE resulted in a slight apoptotic induction, while this apoptotic response was substantially increased in the Bid knockout MEFs (Bid(-/-)), suggesting Bid-mediated anti-apoptotic function in this response. This notion was further supported by the findings that re-constitution expression of Bid into Bid(-/-) cells could inhibit the increased apoptosis. Further studies showed that Bid anti-apoptotic function was associated with its mediation of COX-2 expression, which was based on the results of the reduction of COX-2 expression in Bid(-/-) cells, restoration of low sensitivity to 5-MCDE apoptotic response by the introduction of Bid into Bid(-/-) cells and increased sensitivity of WT MEFs to 5-MCDE apoptosis by knockdown of COX-2 expression. Furthermore, Bid mediated COX-2 expression through the IKKbeta/NFkappaB pathway because the deficiency of Bid in Bid(-/-) MEFs resulted in blockade of IKK/NFkappaB activation and knockout of IKKbeta caused abrogation of COX-2 expression induced by 5-MCDE. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Bid is critical for COX-2 induction through the IKKbeta/NFkappaB pathway, which mediates its anti-apoptotic function, in cell response to low doses of 5-MCDE exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Luo
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Engel T, Caballero-Caballero A, Schindler CK, Plesnila N, Strasser A, Prehn JH, Henshall DC. BH3-only protein Bid is dispensable for seizure-induced neuronal death and the associated nuclear accumulation of apoptosis-inducing factor. J Neurochem 2010; 115:92-101. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
24
|
Hellwig CT, Ludwig-Galezowska AH, Concannon CG, Litchfield DW, Prehn JHM, Rehm M. Activity of protein kinase CK2 uncouples Bid cleavage from caspase-8 activation. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:1401-6. [PMID: 20356928 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.061143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we quantitatively analysed the interface between apoptosis initiation and execution by determining caspase-8 activation, Bid cleavage and mitochondrial engagement (onset of mitochondrial depolarisation) in individual HeLa cervical cancer cells following exposure to tumour-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Employing resonance-energy-transfer probes containing either the caspase-8 recognition site IETD or full-length Bid, we observed a significant delay between the times of caspase-8 activation and Bid cleavage, suggesting the existence of control steps separating these two processes. Subsequent analyses suggested that the divergence of caspase-8 activation and Bid cleavage are critically controlled by kinase signalling: inhibiting protein kinase CK2 by using 5,6-dichloro-l-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1)-benzimidazole (DRB) or by overexpression of a dominant-negative CK2alpha catalytic subunit largely eliminated the lag time between caspase-8 activation and Bid cleavage. We conclude that caspase-8 activation and Bid cleavage are temporally uncoupled events, providing transient tolerance to caspase-8 activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Hellwig
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI York House, York Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Concannon CG, Tuffy LP, Weisová P, Bonner HP, Dávila D, Bonner C, Devocelle MC, Strasser A, Ward MW, Prehn JHM. AMP kinase-mediated activation of the BH3-only protein Bim couples energy depletion to stress-induced apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 189:83-94. [PMID: 20351066 PMCID: PMC2854380 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200909166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in cellular ion gradients by excitotoxicity promote apoptosis through activation of the Bcl-2 family member Bim. Excitotoxicity after glutamate receptor overactivation induces disturbances in cellular ion gradients, resulting in necrosis or apoptosis. Excitotoxic necrosis is triggered by rapid, irreversible ATP depletion, whereas the ability to recover cellular bioenergetics is suggested to be necessary for the activation of excitotoxic apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrate that even a transient decrease in cellular bioenergetics and an associated activation of adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) is necessary for the activation of excitotoxic apoptosis. We show that the Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3)–only protein Bim, a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, is activated in multiple excitotoxicity paradigms, mediates excitotoxic apoptosis, and inhibits delayed Ca2+ deregulation, mitochondrial depolarization, and apoptosis-inducing factor translocation. We demonstrate that bim activation required the activation of AMPK and that prolonged AMPK activation is sufficient to induce bim gene expression and to trigger a bim-dependent cell death. Collectively, our data demonstrate that AMPK activation and the BH3-only protein Bim couple transient energy depletion to stress-induced neuronal apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhín G Concannon
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Research Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fecker LF, Stockfleth E, Braun FK, Rodust PM, Schwarz C, Köhler A, Leverkus M, Eberle J. Enhanced death ligand-induced apoptosis in cutaneous SCC cells by treatment with diclofenac/hyaluronic acid correlates with downregulation of c-FLIP. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2098-109. [PMID: 20237495 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) occurs on sun-exposed skin and may progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). As for its topical treatment, diclofenac/hyaluronic acid (HA) has been recently approved. The NSAID diclofenac is an inhibitor of COX-2; however, its mode of action in cutaneous epithelial cancer cells is largely unknown. Here, the effects of diclofenac/HA were investigated in relation to death ligand-mediated apoptosis (TNF-alpha, TRAIL, and CD95 activation). Whereas diclofenac/HA only moderately induced apoptosis by itself, it resulted in pronounced enhancement of death ligand-mediated apoptosis in sensitive SCC cell lines (3/4). Apoptosis was associated with activation of initiator caspases of the extrinsic pathway (caspase-8/caspase-10). Furthermore, death ligand and diclofenac/HA-mediated apoptosis were blocked by the same caspase inhibitors, indicating related pathways. The proapoptotic effects of diclofenac/HA appeared independent of the p53 pathway. Also, upregulation of death receptors appeared less important; however, strong downregulation of c-FLIP isoforms was seen after diclofenac/HA treatment. The crucial role of c-FLIP was proven through overexpression and knockdown experiments. Thus, induction of apoptosis appears to be highly characteristic of the mode of action of diclofenac/HA, and the therapeutic effect may be related to sensitization of neoplastic keratinocytes for death ligand-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lothar F Fecker
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, HTCC Skin Cancer Center Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The changes that occur in electrochemical gradients across biological membranes provide us with invaluable information on physiological responses, pathophysiological processes and drug actions/toxicity. This chapter aims to provide researchers with sufficient information to carry out a quantitative assessment of mitochondrial energetics at a single-cell level thereby providing output on changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) through the utilization of potentiometric fluorescent probes (TMRM, TMRE, Rhodamine 123). As these cationic probes behave in a Nernstian fashion, changes at the plasma membrane potential (Deltapsi(p)) need also to be accounted for in order to validate the responses obtained with Deltapsi(m)-sensitive fluorescent probes. To this end techniques that utilize Deltapsi(p)-sensitive anionic fluorescent probes to monitor changes in the plasma membrane potential will also be discussed. In many biological systems multiple changes occur at both a Deltapsi(m) and Deltapsi(p) level that often makes the interpretation of the cationic fluorescent responses much more difficult. This problem has driven the development of computational modelling techniques that utilize the redistribution properties of the cationic and anionic fluorescent probes within the cell to provide output on changes in Deltapsi(m) and Deltapsi(p).
Collapse
|
28
|
Salozhin SV, Bol'shakov AP. Transfection of nerve cells. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 40:269-77. [PMID: 20146014 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-010-9254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transfection is a method of transforming cells based on the introduction into living cells of plasmids encoding a particular protein or RNA. This review describes the main methods of transfection and considers their advantages and disadvantages. Most attention is paid to lentivirus transduction as one of the most efficient methods for transforming nerve cells. The development of current transfection systems based on lentivirus vectors is described and a brief review of studies performed using in vivo and in vitro lentivirus transfection of nerve cells is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Salozhin
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Multifaceted deaths orchestrated by mitochondria in neurones. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:167-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
30
|
Wenus J, Düssmann H, Paul P, Kalamatianos D, Rehm M, Wellstead PE, Prehn JH, Huber HJ. ALISSA: an automated live-cell imaging system for signal transduction analyses. Biotechniques 2009; 47:1033-40. [DOI: 10.2144/000113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Probe photobleaching and a specimen's sensitivity to phototoxicity severely limit the number of possible excitation cycles in time-lapse fluorescent microscopy experiments. Consequently, when a study of cellular processes requires measurements over hours or days, temporal resolution is limited, and spontaneous or rapid events may be missed, thus limiting conclusions about transduction events. We have developed ALISSA, a design framework and reference implementation for an automated live-cell imaging system for signal transduction analysis. It allows an adaptation of image modalities and laser resources tailored to the biological process, and thereby extends temporal resolution from minutes to seconds. The system employs online image analysis to detect cellular events that are then used to exercise microscope control. It consists of a reusable image analysis software for cell segmentation, tracking, and time series extraction, and a measurement-specific process control software that can be easily adapted to various biological settings. We have applied the ALISSA framework to the analysis of apoptosis as a demonstration case for slow onset and rapid execution signaling. The demonstration provides a clear proof-of-concept for ALISSA, and offers guidelines for its application in a broad spectrum of signal transduction studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wenus
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Perrine Paul
- Hamilton Institute, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Markus Rehm
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter E. Wellstead
- Hamilton Institute, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Jochen H.M. Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heinrich J. Huber
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Behera MA, Dai Q, Garde R, Saner C, Jungheim E, Price TM. Progesterone stimulates mitochondrial activity with subsequent inhibition of apoptosis in MCF-10A benign breast epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297:E1089-96. [PMID: 19690070 PMCID: PMC2781356 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00209.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of progesterone on breast epithelial cells remain poorly defined with observations showing both proliferative and antiproliferative effects. As an example, progesterone levels correlate with increased epithelial cell proliferation, but there is discordance between the dividing cells and the cells with nuclear progesterone receptor expression. The release of paracrine growth factors from nuclear receptor-positive cells has been postulated as a mechanism, since in vitro studies show a lack of growth effect by progesterone in breast epithelial cells lacking nuclear receptors. This study examined possible nongenomic effects of progesterone in breast epithelia by using MCF-10A cells known to lack nuclear progesterone receptor expression. Treatment for 30-60 min with progesterone or the progestin, R5020, increased mitochondrial activity as shown by an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (hyperpolarization) with a concordant increase in total cellular ATP. The reaction was inhibited by a specific progesterone receptor antagonist and not affected by the translation inhibitor cycloheximide. Progestin treatment inhibited apoptosis induced by activation of the FasL pathway, as shown by a decrease in sub-G(1) cell fraction during fluorescence-activated cell sorting and a decrease in caspase 3/7 levels. Progestin treatment did not alter the cell cycle over 48 h. Our study demonstrates a nongenomic action of progesterone on benign breast epithelial cells, resulting in enhanced cellular respiration and protection from apoptosis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Düssmann H, Rehm M, Concannon CG, Anguissola S, Würstle M, Kacmar S, Völler P, Huber HJ, Prehn JHM. Single-cell quantification of Bax activation and mathematical modelling suggest pore formation on minimal mitochondrial Bax accumulation. Cell Death Differ 2009; 17:278-90. [PMID: 19745831 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) during apoptosis is triggered by the activation and oligomerisation of Bax and Bak, but a quantification of these processes in individual cells has not yet been performed. Single-cell imaging of Bax translocation and oligomerisation in Bax-deficient DU-145 cells expressing CFP-Bax and YFP-Bax revealed that both processes started only minutes before or concomitantly with MOMP, with the majority of Bax translocation and oligomerisation occurring downstream of MOMP. Quantification of YFP-Bax concentrations at mitochondria revealed an increase of only 1.8 + or - 1.5% at MOMP onset. This was increased to 11.2 + or - 3.6% in bak-silenced cells. These data suggested that Bax activation exceeded by far the quantities required for MOMP induction, and that minimal Bax or Bak activation may be sufficient to trigger rapid pore formation. In a cellular automaton modelling approach that incorporated the quantities and movement probabilities of Bax and its inhibitors, activators and enablers in the mitochondrial membrane, we could re-model rapid pore formation kinetics at submaximal Bax activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Düssmann
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Anguissola S, Köhler B, O'Byrne R, Düssmann H, Cannon MD, Murray FE, Concannon CG, Rehm M, Kögel D, Prehn JHM. Bid and Calpains Cooperate to Trigger Oxaliplatin-Induced Apoptosis of Cervical Carcinoma HeLa Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76:998-1010. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.058156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
|
34
|
Zhou F, Xing D, Wu S, Chen WR. Intravital imaging of tumor apoptosis with FRET probes during tumor therapy. Mol Imaging Biol 2009; 12:63-70. [PMID: 19543775 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to dynamically and non-invasively monitor the apoptosis events in vivo during photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy. PROCEDURES A FRET probe, SCAT3, was utilized to determine activation of caspase-3 during tumor cell apoptosis in mice, induced by PDT, and cisplatin treatments. Using this method, dynamics of caspase-3 activation was observed both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Analysis of the fluorescent missions from tumor cells indicated that the caspase-3 activation started immediately after PDT treatment. In contrast, the caspase-3 activation started about 13 and 36 h after cisplatin treatment in vitro and in vivo, respectively. CONCLUSIONS FRET could be used effectively to monitor activation of caspase-3 in living organism. This method could be used to provide rapid assessment of apoptosis induced by anti-tumor therapies for improvement of treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Apoptosis proceeds through a set of evolutionarily conserved processes that co-ordinate the elimination of damaged or unneeded cells. This program of cell death is carried out by organelle-directed regulators, including the Bcl-2 proteins, and ultimately executed by proteases of the caspase family. Although the biochemical mechanisms of apoptosis are increasingly understood, the underlying cell biology orchestrating programmed cell death remains enigmatic. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of Bcl-2 protein regulation and caspase activation while examining cell biological mechanisms and consequences of apoptotic induction. Organellar contributions to apoptotic induction include death receptor endocytosis, mitochondrial and lysosomal permeabilization, endoplasmic reticulum calcium release and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus. These early apoptotic events are accompanied by stabilization of the microtubule cytoskeleton and translocation of organelles to the microtubule organizing center. Together, these phenomena establish a model of apoptotic induction whereby a cytoskeletal-dependent coalescence and 'scrambling' of organelles in the paranuclear region co-ordinates apoptotic communication, caspase activation and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Aslan
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gammon ST, Villalobos VM, Roshal M, Samrakandi M, Piwnica-Worms D. Rational design of novel red-shifted BRET pairs: Platforms for real-time single-chain protease biosensors. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:559-69. [PMID: 19330851 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) systems to date have been dominated by use of blue-green Renilla luciferase (Rluc) as the energy donor. Although effective in many cases, the expense and unfavorable biochemical attributes of the substrate (phenylcoelenterazine) limit utility of Rluc-based BRET systems. Herein we report a series of novel BRET pairs based on luciferases that utilize D-luciferin, resulting in red-shifted photonic outputs, favorable biochemical attributes, and increased efficacy. We developed a modified Förster equation to predict optimal BRET luciferase donor-fluorophore pairs and identified tdTomato as the optimal red fluorophore acceptor for click beetle green luciferase (CBG). A prototypical single-chain protease biosensor, capable of reporting on executioner caspase activity in live cells and in real-time, was generated by inserting a DEVD linker between CBG and tdTomato and validated in vitro with recombinant caspases and in cellulo with apoptosis-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. High signal-to-noise ratios ( approximately 33) and Z' factors (0.85) were observed in live cell longitudinal studies, sufficient for high-throughput screening. Thus, we illustrate a general methodology for the rational design of new BRET systems and provide a novel single-chain BRET protease biosensor that is long lived, red-shifted, and utilizes D-luciferin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth T Gammon
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, and Molecular Imaging Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Petronelli A, Saulle E, Pasquini L, Petrucci E, Mariani G, Biffoni M, Ferretti G, Scambia G, Benedetti-Panici P, Greggi S, Cognetti F, Russo MA, Sporn M, Testa U. High sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Imidazolide. Cancer Lett 2009; 282:214-28. [PMID: 19364626 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we have explored the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Imidazolide (CDDO-Im). For these studies we have used the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line and its chemoresistant derivatives A2780/ADR and A2780/CISP, OVCAR3, SKOV3 and HEY cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells, providing evidence that: (i) the majority of these cell lines are highly sensitive to the pro-apoptotic effects induced by CDDO-Im; (ii) TRAIL, added alone exerted only a weak proapoptotic, but clearly potentiated the cytotoxic effect elicited by CDDO-Im; (iii) the apoptotic effect induced by CDDO-Im involves GSH depletion, c-FLIP downmodulation and caspase-8 activation; (iv) CDDO-Im inhibits STAT3 activation and CDDO-Im sensitivity is inversely related to the level of constitutive STAT3 activation. Importantly, studies on primary ovarian cancer cells have shown that these cells are sensitive to the pro-apoptotic effects of CDDO-Im. These observations support the experimental use of synthetic triterpenoids in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Petronelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Regulation of glucose transporter 3 surface expression by the AMP-activated protein kinase mediates tolerance to glutamate excitation in neurons. J Neurosci 2009; 29:2997-3008. [PMID: 19261894 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0354-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic and excitotoxic events within the brain result in rapid and often unfavorable depletions in neuronal energy levels. Here, we investigated the signaling pathways activated in response to the energetic stress created by transient glutamate excitation in cerebellar granule neurons. We characterized a glucose dependent hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi(m)) in the majority of neurons after transient glutamate excitation. Expression levels of the primary neuronal glucose transporters (GLUTs) isoforms 1, 3, 4, and 8 were found to be unaltered within a 24 h period after excitation. However, a significant increase only in GLUT3 surface expression was identified 30 min after excitation, with this high surface expression remaining significantly above control levels in many neurons for up to 4 h. Glutamate excitation induced a rapid alteration in the AMP:ATP ratio that was associated with the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Interestingly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside) alone also increased GLUT3 surface expression, with a hyperpolarization of Delta psi(m) evident in many neurons. Notably, inhibition of the CaMKK (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) had little affect on GLUT translocation, whereas the inhibition or knockdown of AMPK (compound C, siRNA) activity prevented GLUT3 translocation to the cell surface after glutamate excitation. Furthermore, gene silencing of GLUT3 eradicated the increase in Delta psi(m) associated with transient glutamate excitation and potently sensitized neurons to excitotoxicity. In summary, our data suggest that the activation of AMPK and its regulation of cell surface GLUT3 expression is critical in mediating neuronal tolerance to excitotoxicity.
Collapse
|
39
|
Rehm M, Huber HJ, Hellwig CT, Anguissola S, Dussmann H, Prehn JHM. Dynamics of outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization during apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:613-23. [PMID: 19136937 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual cells within a population undergo apoptosis at distinct, apparently random time points. By analyzing cellular mitotic history, we identified that sibling HeLa cell pairs, in contrast to random cell pairs, underwent apoptosis synchronously. This allowed us to use high-speed cellular imaging to investigate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), a highly coordinated, rapid process during apoptosis, at a temporal resolution approximately 100 times higher than possible previously. We obtained new functional and mechanistic insight into the process of MOMP: We were able to determine the kinetics of pore formation in the outer mitochondrial membrane from the initiation phase of cytochrome-c-GFP redistribution, and showed differential pore formation kinetics in response to intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic stimuli (staurosporine, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)). We also detected that the onset of mitochondrial permeabilization frequently proceeded as a wave through the cytosol, and that the frequency of wave occurrence in response to TRAIL was reduced by inhibition of protein kinase CK2. Computational analysis by a partial differential equation model suggested that the spread of permeabilization signals could sufficiently be explained by diffusion-adsorption velocities of locally generated permeabilization inducers. Taken together, our study yielded the first comprehensive analysis of clonal cell-to-cell variability in apoptosis execution and allowed to visualize and explain the dynamics of MOMP in cells undergoing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rehm
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gutierrez-Cuesta J, Tajes M, Jiménez A, Coto-Montes A, Camins A, Pallàs M. Evaluation of potential pro-survival pathways regulated by melatonin in a murine senescence model. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:497-505. [PMID: 18705649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of melatonin on pro-survival processes in three groups of mice. Untreated senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8), melatonin-treated SAMP8 and untreated senescence-accelerated resistant mice (SAMR1) of 10 months old were studied. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (ethanol at 0.066%) was supplied in the drinking water from the end of the first month until the end of the ninth month of life. Differences in the Akt/Erk1-2 pathway and downstream targets were examined and no significant changes were observed, except for beta-catenin. However, sirtuin 1 expression was significantly lower in SAMP8 than in SAMR1. In addition, acetylated p53 and NFkappaB expression were lower in SAMP8 than in SAMR1. These changes were prevented by melatonin. Moreover, the concentration/expression of alpha-secretase was lower and that of amyloid beta aggregates (Abeta) was higher in untreated SAMP8 than in SAMR1. Likewise, the levels of Bid were higher, whereas Bcl-2(XL) levels were lower in SAMP8 than in SAMR1. Melatonin reduced all these changes. We conclude that melatonin improves pro-survival signals and reduces pro-death signals in age-related impairments of neural processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gutierrez-Cuesta
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universitat de Barcelona, Nucli Universitari de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lartigue L, Medina C, Schembri L, Chabert P, Zanese M, Tomasello F, Dalibart R, Thoraval D, Crouzet M, Ichas F, De Giorgi F. An intracellular wave of cytochrome c propagates and precedes Bax redistribution during apoptosis. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3515-23. [PMID: 18840646 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.029587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bax is considered to be pivotal in inducing cytochrome c release (CCR) from mitochondria during apoptosis. Indeed, Bax redistributes to the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) upon activation and forms homo-multimers that are capable of permeabilizing the MOM. Our attempts to image this sequence of events in single live cells resulted in unexpected observations. Bax redistribution exhibited two distinct components: an early minor redistribution that was silent in terms of homo-multimerization and a major late redistribution that was synchronous with the formation of Bax multimers, but that proceeded belatedly, i.e. only after caspase 3/7 (C3/7) had already been activated. Intriguingly, neither of these two components of redistribution correlated with CCR, which turned out to be spatially organized, propagating as a traveling wave at constant velocity. Strikingly, propagation of the CCR wave (1) preceded signs of in situ Bax conformational activation; (2) appeared to be independent of autocatalytic loops involving a positive feedback of either C3/7, Ca(2+) mobilization or mitochondrial permeability transition; and (3) was triggered by diffuse stimulation with the synthetic Bak activator BH3I-1 but then proceeded independently of Bak activation. Thus, the CCR wave not only questions the exact role of Bax redistribution in cell death, but also indicates the existence of yet unidentified positive-feedback loops that ensure a spatiotemporal control of apoptosis at the subcellular scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lartigue
- INSERM U916, Université Bordeaux 2, Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Landshamer S, Hoehn M, Barth N, Duvezin-Caubet S, Schwake G, Tobaben S, Kazhdan I, Becattini B, Zahler S, Vollmar A, Pellecchia M, Reichert A, Plesnila N, Wagner E, Culmsee C. Bid-induced release of AIF from mitochondria causes immediate neuronal cell death. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15:1553-63. [PMID: 18535584 PMCID: PMC2862690 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and release of pro-apoptotic factors such as cytochrome c or apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria are key features of neuronal cell death. The precise mechanisms of how these proteins are released from mitochondria and their particular role in neuronal cell death signaling are however largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate by fluorescence video microscopy that 8-10 h after induction of glutamate toxicity, AIF rapidly translocates from mitochondria to the nucleus and induces nuclear fragmentation and cell death within only a few minutes. This markedly fast translocation of AIF to the nucleus is preceded by increasing translocation of the pro-apoptotic bcl-2 family member Bid (BH3-interacting domain death agonist) to mitochondria, perinuclear accumulation of Bid-loaded mitochondria, and loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. A small molecule Bid inhibitor preserved mitochondrial membrane potential, prevented nuclear translocation of AIF, and abrogated glutamate-induced neuronal cell death, as shown by experiments using Bid small interfering RNA (siRNA). Cell death induced by truncated Bid was inhibited by AIF siRNA, indicating that caspase-independent AIF signaling is the main pathway through which Bid mediates cell death. This was further supported by experiments showing that although caspase-3 was activated, specific caspase-3 inhibition did not protect neuronal cells against glutamate toxicity. In conclusion, Bid-mediated mitochondrial release of AIF followed by rapid nuclear translocation is a major mechanism of glutamate-induced neuronal death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Landshamer
- Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Hoehn
- Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - N Barth
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - S Duvezin-Caubet
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - G Schwake
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - S Tobaben
- Clinical Pharmacy – Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany
| | - I Kazhdan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - S Zahler
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Vollmar
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - A Reichert
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - N Plesnila
- Institute for Surgical Research, University of Munich Medical Center-Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Munich Medical Center-Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - E Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Culmsee
- Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bolshakov AP. Glutamate neurotoxicity: Perturbations of ionic homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in cell functioning. NEUROCHEM J+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971240803001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
44
|
TOXI-SIM-A simulation tool for the analysis of mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 176:270-5. [PMID: 18824028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the electrochemical gradients across biological membranes are excellent indicators of pathophysiological processes, drug action, or drug toxicity. Our previous studies have utilized the potentiometric probe tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) to characterize changes in mitochondrial function by monitoring alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) over time during glutamate excitotoxicity. However, fluorescently charged dyes such as TMRM respond to changes in both Deltapsi(m) and the plasma membrane (Deltapsi(p)) potentials making whole cell fluorescence data difficult to interpret. Here we have implemented a mathematical model that exploits the Nernstian behaviour of TMRM and uses automated Newton based root-finding fitting (TOXI-SIM) to model changes in TMRM fluorescence from multiple cells simultaneously, providing output on changes in Deltapsi(m) and Deltapsi(p) over time. Based on Ca(2+) responses, TOXI-SIM allows for an accurate modelling of TMRM traces for different injury paradigms (necrosis, apoptosis, tolerance). TOXI-SIM is provided as a user friendly public web service for trace analysis, with an additional online data base provided for the storage and retrieval of experimental traces (http://systemsbiology.rcsi.ie/tmrm/index.html).
Collapse
|
45
|
Köhler B, Anguissola S, Concannon CG, Rehm M, Kögel D, Prehn JHM. Bid participates in genotoxic drug-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells and is essential for death receptor ligands' apoptotic and synergistic effects. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2844. [PMID: 18665234 PMCID: PMC2481399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BH3-only protein Bid is an important component of death receptor-mediated caspase activation. Bid is cleaved by caspase-8 or -10 into t-Bid, which translocates to mitochondria and triggers the release of caspase-activating factors. Bid has also been reported to be cleaved by other proteases. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To test the hypothesis that Bid is a central mediator of stress-induced apoptosis, we investigated the effects of a small molecule Bid inhibitor on stress-induced apoptosis, and generated HeLa cells deficient for Bid. Stable knockdown of bid lead to a pronounced resistance to Fas/CD95- and TRAIL-induced caspase activation and apoptosis, and significantly increased clonogenic survival. While Bid-deficient cells were equally sensitive to ER stress-induced apoptosis, they showed moderate, but significantly reduced levels of apoptosis, as well as increased clonogenic survival in response to the genotoxic drugs Etoposide, Oxaliplatin, and Doxorubicin. Similar effects were observed using the Bid inhibitor BI6C9. Interestingly, Bid-deficient cells were dramatically protected from apoptosis when subtoxic concentrations of ER stressors, Etoposide or Oxaliplatin were combined with subtoxic TRAIL concentrations. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data demonstrate that Bid is central for death receptor-induced cell death and participates in anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells. They also show that the synergistic effects of TRAIL in combination with either ER stressors or genotoxic anti-cancer drugs are nearly exclusively mediated via an increased activation of Bid-induced apoptosis signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Köhler
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Clinics, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sergio Anguissola
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- RCSI Center for Human Proteomics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caoimhin G. Concannon
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Markus Rehm
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Clinics, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- RCSI Center for Human Proteomics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Involvement of JNK regulation in oxidative stress-mediated murine liver injury by microcystin-LR. Apoptosis 2008; 13:1031-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
47
|
Hellwig CT, Kohler BF, Lehtivarjo AK, Dussmann H, Courtney MJ, Prehn JHM, Rehm M. Real time analysis of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/cycloheximide-induced caspase activities during apoptosis initiation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:21676-85. [PMID: 18522940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802889200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging, we previously demonstrated that effector caspase activation is often an all-or-none response independent of drug choice or dose administered. We here investigated the signaling dynamics during apoptosis initiation via the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor pathway to investigate how variability in drug exposure can be translated into largely kinetically invariant cell death execution pathways. FRET-based microscopy demonstrated dose-dependent responses of caspase-8 activation and activity within individual living HeLa cells. Caspase-8 on average was activated 45-600 min after TRAIL/cycloheximide addition. Caspase-8-like activities persisted for 15-60 min before eventually inducing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Independent of the TRAIL concentrations used or the resulting caspase-8-like activities, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization was induced when 10% of the FRET substrate was cleaved. In contrast, in Bid-depleted cells, caspase-8-like activity persisted for hours without causing immediate cell death. Our findings provide detailed insight into the intracellular signaling kinetics during apoptosis initiation and describe a threshold mechanism controlling the induction of apoptosis execution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Hellwig
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI York House, York Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Concannon CG, Ward MW, Bonner HP, Kuroki K, Tuffy LP, Bonner CT, Woods I, Engel T, Henshall DC, Prehn JHM. NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxic neuronal apoptosis in vitro and in vivo occurs in an ER stress and PUMA independent manner. J Neurochem 2008; 105:891-903. [PMID: 18088354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ homeostasis and ER dysfunction have been suggested to contribute to excitotoxic and ischaemic neuronal injury. Previously, we have characterized the neural transcriptome following ER stress and identified the BH3-only protein, p53 up-regulated mediator of apoptosis (PUMA), as a central mediator of ER stress toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of excitotoxic injury on ER Ca2+ levels and induction of ER stress responses in models of glutamate- and NMDA-induced excitotoxic apoptosis. While exposure to the ER stressor tunicamycin induced an ER stress response in cerebellar granule neurons, transcriptional activation of targets of the ER stress response, including PUMA, were absent following glutamate-induced apoptosis. Confocal imaging revealed no long-term changes in the ER Ca2+ level in response to glutamate. Murine cortical neurons and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures from PUMA+/+ and PUMA-/- animals provided no evidence of ER stress and did not differ in their sensitivity to NMDA. Finally, NMDA-induced excitotoxic apoptosis in vivo was not associated with ER stress, nor did deficiency in PUMA alleviate the injury induced. Our data suggest that NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxic apoptosis occurs in vitro and in vivo in an ER stress and PUMA independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhín G Concannon
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Neuroscience Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Intracellular redox status and oxidative stress: implications for cell proliferation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. Arch Toxicol 2008; 82:273-99. [PMID: 18443763 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-008-0304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can be defined as the imbalance between cellular oxidant species production and antioxidant capability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in a variety of different cellular processes ranging from apoptosis and necrosis to cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. In fact, molecular events, such as induction of cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and oxidative DNA damage have been proposed to be critically involved in carcinogenesis. Carcinogenicity and aging are characterized by a set of complex endpoints, which appear as a series of molecular reactions. ROS can modify many intracellular signaling pathways including protein phosphatases, protein kinases, and transcription factors, suggesting that the majority of the effects of ROS are through their actions on signaling pathways rather than via non-specific damage of macromolecules; however, exact mechanisms by which redox status induces cells to proliferate or to die, and how oxidative stress can lead to processes evoking tumor formation are still under investigation.
Collapse
|
50
|
Bouchier-Hayes L, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Connell S, Green DR. Measuring apoptosis at the single cell level. Methods 2008; 44:222-8. [PMID: 18314052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/10/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of live cell microscopy has made a number of contributions to the study of apoptosis. Many of the tools and techniques are available that allow us to image the key events that occur during cell death including mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, mitochondrial transmembrane potential changes, translocation of Bcl-2 family members, caspase activation, phosphatidylserine flip and plasma membrane rupture. We discuss these techniques here and highlight the advantages and drawbacks of using such approaches to study apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale Street, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|