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Berrocal-Rubio MA, Pawer YDJ, Dinevska M, De Paoli-Iseppi R, Widodo SS, Gleeson J, Rajab N, De Nardo W, Hallab J, Li A, Mantamadiotis T, Clark MB, Wells CA. Discovery of NRG1-VII: the myeloid-derived class of NRG1. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:814. [PMID: 39210279 PMCID: PMC11360300 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The growth factor Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) has pleiotropic roles in proliferation and differentiation of the stem cell niche in different tissues. It has been implicated in gut, brain and muscle development and repair. Six isoform classes of NRG1 and over 28 protein isoforms have been previously described. Here we report a new class of NRG1, designated NRG1-VII to denote that these NRG1 isoforms arise from a myeloid-specific transcriptional start site (TSS) previously uncharacterized. Long-read sequencing was used to identify eight high-confidence NRG1-VII transcripts. These transcripts presented major structural differences from one another, through the use of cassette exons and alternative stop codons. Expression of NRG1-VII was confirmed in primary human monocytes and tissue resident macrophages and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages (iPSC-derived macrophages). Isoform switching via cassette exon usage and alternate polyadenylation was apparent during monocyte maturation and macrophage differentiation. NRG1-VII is the major class expressed by the myeloid lineage, including tissue-resident macrophages. Analysis of public gene expression data indicates that monocytes and macrophages are a primary source of NRG1. The size and structure of class VII isoforms suggests that they may be more diffusible through tissues than other NRG1 classes. However, the specific roles of class VII variants in tissue homeostasis and repair have not yet been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Berrocal-Rubio
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yair David Joseph Pawer
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marija Dinevska
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ricardo De Paoli-Iseppi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samuel S Widodo
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josie Gleeson
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Rajab
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Will De Nardo
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeannette Hallab
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anran Li
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael B Clark
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christine A Wells
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Dietrich M, Malik MS, Skeie M, Bertelsen V, Stang E. Protein kinase C regulates ErbB3 turnover. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111473. [PMID: 31233741 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ErbB3, which belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is involved in progression of several human cancers and a tight regulation of its expression is crucial. An important mechanism for regulation of ErbB proteins is endocytosis and we recently showed that ErbB3, contrary to other ErbB proteins, like EGFR and ErbB2, is constitutively internalized and degraded. Several studies show that protein kinase C (PKC) can regulate the activation, localization and stability of EGFR and ErbB2. Activation of PKC causes their down-regulation from the plasma membrane, but instead of being degraded the receptors accumulate in an endosomal recycling compartment. Since little is known about possible connections between ErbB3 and PKC, we have in the present study investigated effects PKC activity has on ErbB3 stability and intracellular trafficking. While PKC inhibition tends to increase ErbB3 degradation, activation of PKC causes ErbB3 stabilization. The stabilization was not due to inhibited internalization, on the contrary we find that expression of ErbB3 at the plasma membrane is reduced upon PMA-induced PKC activation. However, while endocytosed ErbB3 under normal conditions and upon PKC inhibition is found in early endosomal antigen 1 (EEA1) positive early endosomes and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) positive late endosomes/lysosomes, indicating that it follows the classic degradative pathway, ErbB3 localizes to EEA1 and LAMP1 negative compartments upon PMA-induced activation of PKC. Altogether this shows that PKC regulates the stability of ErbB3, and knockdown experiments show that PKCδ is essential in this process. A likely explanation is that PKC regulates endosomal sorting of ErbB3 and that activated PKC sorts ErbB3 away from the degradative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Dietrich
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marianne Skeie
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Espen Stang
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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3
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Centa A, Rodríguez-Barrueco R, Montero JC, Pandiella A. The immunoglobulin-like domain of neuregulins potentiates ErbB3/HER3 activation and cellular proliferation. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1061-1076. [PMID: 29683256 PMCID: PMC6026874 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuregulins (NRGs) represent a large family of membrane‐anchored growth factors, whose deregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of several tumors. In fact, targeting of NRG‐activated pathways has demonstrated clinical benefit. To improve the efficacy of anti‐NRG therapies, it is essential to gain insights into the regions of NRGs that favor their pro‐oncogenic properties. Here, we have addressed the protumorigenic impact of different NRG domains. To do this, deletion mutants affecting different NRG domains were expressed in 293 and MCF7 cells. Of the five forms studied, only the wild‐type and a mutant lacking the Ig‐like domain (NRGΔIg) were properly sorted to the plasma membrane. Both forms were released as soluble forms to the culture media. However, the mutant NRGΔIg failed to efficiently activate HER2 and HER3 receptors, signaling pathways, and cell proliferation when compared to wild‐type NRG. Treatment with trastuzumab, a humanized antibody used in the breast cancer clinic, inhibited the constitutive activation of HER2, HER3, and downstream signaling in MCF7 cells constitutively expressing wild‐type NRG. In contrast, this treatment had a marginal effect on MCF7‐NRGΔIg cells. This study demonstrates that the Ig‐like region of NRGs exerts an important role in their capability to activate ErbB/HER receptors and mitogenic responses. Strategies aimed at targeting NRGs should consider that fact to improve neutralization of the pro‐oncogenic properties of NRGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Centa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, IBSAL, CSIC and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ruth Rodríguez-Barrueco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, IBSAL, CSIC and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, IBSAL, CSIC and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, IBSAL, CSIC and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
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Zhang Y, Xie X, Zeng J, Wu Q, Zhang R, Zhu D, Xia H. Association of NRG1 and AUTS2 genetic polymorphisms with Hirschsprung disease in a South Chinese population. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2190-2199. [PMID: 29377512 PMCID: PMC5867083 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia. There are more than 15 genes identified as contributed to HSCR by family-based or population-based approaches. However, these findings were not fulfilled to explain the heritability of most sporadic cases. In this study, using 1470 HSCR and 1473 control subjects in South Chinese population, we replicated two variants in NRG1 (rs16879552, P = 1.05E-04 and rs7835688, P = 1.19E-07), and further clarified the two replicated SNPs were more essential for patients with short-segment aganglionosis (SHSCR) (P = 2.37E-05). We also tried to replicate the most prominent signal (rs7785360) in AUTS2, which was a potential susceptibility gene with HSCR. In our results, in terms of individual association, marginal effect was observed to affect the HSCR patients following recessive model (P = 0.089). Noteworthy, significant intergenic synergistic effect between rs16879552 (NRG1) and rs7785360 (AUTS2) was identified through cross-validation by logistic regression (P = 2.45E-03, OR = 1.53) and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR, P < 0.0001, OR = 1.77). Significant correlation was observed between expression of these two genes in the normal segments of the colons (P = 0.018), together with differential expression of these genes between aganglionic colonic segments and normal colonic segments of the HSCR patients (P value for AUTS2 <0.0001, P value for NRG1 = 0.0243). Although functional evaluation is required, we supply new evidence for the NRG1 to HSCR and raised up a new susceptibility gene AUTS2 to a specific symptom for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jixiao Zeng
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Deli Zhu
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Huimin Xia
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryGuangzhou Institute of PediatricsGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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5
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Yan R. Physiological Functions of the β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 and 2. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:97. [PMID: 28469554 PMCID: PMC5395628 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACE1 was discovered as the β-secretase for initiating the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the β-secretase site, while its close homology BACE2 cleaves APP within the β-amyloid (Aβ) domain region and shows distinct cleavage preferences in vivo. Inhibition of BACE1 proteolytic activity has been confirmed to decrease Aβ generation and amyloid deposition, and thus specific inhibition of BACE1 by small molecules is a current focus for Alzheimer’s disease therapy. While BACE1 inhibitors are being tested in advanced clinical trials, knowledge regarding the properties and physiological functions of BACE is highly important and this review summarizes advancements in BACE1 research over the past several years. We and others have shown that BACE1 is not only a critical enzyme for testing the “Amyloid Hypothesis” associated with Alzheimer’s pathogenesis, but also important for various functions such as axon growth and pathfinding, astrogenesis, neurogenesis, hyperexcitation, and synaptic plasticity. BACE2 appears to play different roles such as glucose homeostasis and pigmentation. This knowledge regarding BACE1 functions is critical for monitoring the safe use of BACE1 inhibitors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, ClevelandOH, USA
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Lenihan DJ, Anderson SA, Lenneman CG, Brittain E, Muldowney JA, Mendes L, Zhao PZ, Iaci J, Frohwein S, Zolty R, Eisen A, Sawyer DB, Caggiano AO. A Phase I, Single Ascending Dose Study of Cimaglermin Alfa (Neuregulin 1β3) in Patients With Systolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:576-586. [PMID: 30167542 PMCID: PMC6113538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A first-in-human, phase 1, double blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study examined the safety, tolerability, and exploratory efficacy of intravenous infusion of a recombinant growth factor, cimaglermin alfa, in patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). In these patients on optimal guideline-directed medical therapy, cimaglermin treatment was generally tolerated except for transient nausea and headache and a dose-limiting toxicity was noted at the highest planned dose. There was a dose-dependent improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction lasting 90 days following infusion. Thus, cimaglermin is a potential therapy to enhance cardiac function in LVSD and warrants further investigation.
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Key Words
- AE, adverse event
- AUC, area under the curve
- DLT, dose-limiting toxicity
- GGF, glial growth factor
- HF, heart failure
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- LVSD, left ventricular systolic dysfunction
- NRG, neuregulin
- NYHA, New York Heart Association functional class
- TEAE, treatment-emergent adverse event
- cardiac repair
- growth factor
- neuregulin
- systolic dysfunction
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Lenihan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sarah A. Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Evan Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James A.S. Muldowney
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa Mendes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Stephen Frohwein
- Emory Heart and Vascular Center at Emory Saint Joseph’s, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ronald Zolty
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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7
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Chen MS, Kim H, Jagot-Lacoussiere L, Maurel P. Cadm3 (Necl-1) interferes with the activation of the PI3 kinase/Akt signaling cascade and inhibits Schwann cell myelination in vitro. Glia 2016; 64:2247-2262. [PMID: 27658374 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Axo-glial interactions are critical for myelination and the domain organization of myelinated fibers. Cell adhesion molecules belonging to the Cadm family, and in particular Cadm3 (axonal) and its heterophilic binding partner Cadm4 (Schwann cell), mediate these interactions along the internode. Using targeted shRNA-mediated knockdown, we show that the removal of axonal Cadm3 promotes Schwann cell myelination in the in vitro DRG neuron/Schwann cell myelinating system. Conversely, over-expressing Cadm3 on the surface of DRG neuron axons results in an almost complete inability by Schwann cells to form myelin segments. Axons of superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, which do not normally support the formation of myelin segments by Schwann cells, express higher levels of Cadm3 compared to DRG neurons. Knocking down Cadm3 in SCG neurons promotes myelination. Finally, the extracellular domain of Cadm3 interferes in a dose-dependent manner with the activation of ErbB3 and of the pro-myelinating PI3K/Akt pathway, but does not interfere with the activation of the Mek/Erk1/2 pathway. While not in direct contradiction, these in vitro results shed lights on the apparent lack of phenotype that was reported from in vivo studies of Cadm3-/- mice. Our results suggest that Cadm3 may act as a negative regulator of PNS myelination, potentially through the selective regulation of the signaling cascades activated in Schwann cells by axonal contact, and in particular by type III Nrg-1. Further analyses of peripheral nerves in the Cadm-/- mice will be needed to determine the exact role of axonal Cadm3 in PNS myelination. GLIA 2016;64:2247-2262.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Hyosung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | - Patrice Maurel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey.
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8
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Hu X, Fan Q, Hou H, Yan R. Neurological dysfunctions associated with altered BACE1-dependent Neuregulin-1 signaling. J Neurochem 2016; 136:234-49. [PMID: 26465092 PMCID: PMC4833723 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of BACE1 is being pursued as a therapeutic target to treat patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease because BACE1 is the sole β-secretase that generates β-amyloid peptide. Knowledge regarding other cellular functions of BACE1 is therefore critical for the safe use of BACE1 inhibitors in human patients. Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) is a BACE1 substrate and BACE1 cleavage of Nrg1 is critical for signaling functions in myelination, remyelination, synaptic plasticity, normal psychiatric behaviors, and maintenance of muscle spindles. This review summarizes the most recent discoveries associated with BACE1-dependent Nrg1 signaling in these areas. This body of knowledge will help to provide guidance for preventing unwanted Nrg1-based side effects following BACE1 inhibition in humans. To initiate its signaling cascade, membrane anchored Neuregulin (Nrg), mainly type I and III β1 Nrg1 isoforms and Nrg3, requires ectodomain shedding. BACE1 is one of such indispensable sheddases to release the functional Nrg signaling fragment. The dependence of Nrg on the cleavage by BACE1 is best manifested by disrupting the critical role of Nrg in the control of axonal myelination, schizophrenic behaviors as well as the formation and maintenance of muscle spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Qingyuan Fan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Hailong Hou
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Patel N, Barrientos A, Landgraf R. The growth factor receptor ERBB2 regulates mitochondrial activity on a signaling time scale. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35253-65. [PMID: 24142693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.478271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinase and the mitochondrial inner membrane protein UCP2 occurs frequently in aggressive cancers with dysfunctional mitochondria. Overexpressed ERBB2 signals constitutively and elevated UCP2 can uncouple mitochondria and alleviate oxidative stress. However, the physiological contributions of UCP2 and ERBB2 at the low expression levels that are typical of most tissues, as well as the path to oncogenic deregulation, are poorly understood. We now show that ERBB2 directly controls UCP2 levels, both at low physiological levels and oncogenic overexpression. At low levels of receptor and UCP2, ligand stimulation creates a distinct temporal response pattern driven by the opposing forces of translational suppression of the exceptionally short lived UCP2 protein and a time delayed transcriptional up-regulation. The latter becomes dominant through constitutive signaling by overexpressed ERBB2, resulting in high levels of UCP2 that contribute mitochondrial uncoupling. By contrast, ligand stimulation of non-overexpressed ERBB2 transiently removes UCP2 and paradoxically reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption, and OXPHOS on a signaling time scale. However, neither the transporter activity nor down-regulation of already low UCP2 levels drive this reduction in mitochondrial activity. Instead, UCP2 is required to establish mitochondria that are capable of responding to ligand. UCP2 knockdown impairs proliferation at high glucose but its absence specifically impairs ligand-induced growth when glucose levels fluctuate. These findings demonstrate the ability of growth factor signaling to control oxidative phosphorylation on a signaling time scale and point toward a non-transporter role for low levels of UCP2 in establishing dynamic response capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Patel
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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10
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Sak MM, Szymanska M, Bertelsen V, Hasmann M, Madshus IH, Stang E. Pertuzumab counteracts the inhibitory effect of ErbB2 on degradation of ErbB3. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2031-8. [PMID: 23698633 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of ErbB2 and ErbB3 is found in several human cancers, and ErbB2-ErbB3 heterodimers are known as the most potent signaling units among ErbB dimers. While ErbB2 probably undergoes weak endocytosis, ErbB3 is readily internalized even in the absence of added ligand and without requirement for kinase activity. Overexpression of ErbB2 has been demonstrated to inhibit epidermal growth factor-induced internalization and degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor. This happens due to epidermal growth factor receptor-ErbB2 dimerization and can be counteracted by the anti-ErbB2 antibody pertuzumab, which binds the dimerization arm of ErbB2. Pertuzumab does also inhibit ErbB2-ErbB3 dimerization, but to what extent this has effect on constitutive and/or ligand-induced downregulation of ErbB3 is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of ErbB2 as such did not block constitutive internalization of ErbB3, but that heregulin-induced degradation of ErbB3 was significantly slowed in cells expressing high levels of ErbB2. Incubation with pertuzumab did, however, counteract this effect. This indicates that the formation of ErbB2-ErbB3 heterodimers inhibits downregulation of ErbB3 and supports the notion that pertuzumab inhibits ErbB2 dimerization. The inhibitory effect of pertuzumab on ligand-induced ErbB2-ErbB3 heterodimerization was confirmed by the observation that pertuzumab inhibited heregulin-induced phosphorylation of ErbB3 in cells expressing ErbB2 and efficiently reduced heregulin-induced downstream signaling in cells expressing low levels of ErbB2. Altogether the results indicate that pertuzumab can be a valuable therapeutic agent not only in cancers overexpressing ErbB2 but also in cancers co-expressing ErbB2 and ErbB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Magdalena Sak
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Sak MM, Breen K, Rønning SB, Pedersen NM, Bertelsen V, Stang E, Madshus IH. The oncoprotein ErbB3 is endocytosed in the absence of added ligand in a clathrin-dependent manner. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1031-9. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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12
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Jay SM, Kurtagic E, Alvarez LM, de Picciotto S, Sanchez E, Hawkins JF, Prince RN, Guerrero Y, Treasure CL, Lee RT, Griffith LG. Engineered bivalent ligands to bias ErbB receptor-mediated signaling and phenotypes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:27729-40. [PMID: 21622572 PMCID: PMC3149363 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.221093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ErbB receptor family is dysregulated in many cancers, and its therapeutic manipulation by targeted antibodies and kinase inhibitors has resulted in effective chemotherapies. However, many malignancies remain refractory to current interventions. We describe a new approach that directs ErbB receptor interactions, resulting in biased signaling and phenotypes. Due to known receptor-ligand affinities and the necessity of ErbB receptors to dimerize to signal, bivalent ligands, formed by the synthetic linkage of two neuregulin-1β (NRG) moieties, two epidermal growth factor (EGF) moieties, or an EGF and a NRG moiety, can potentially drive homotypic receptor interactions and diminish formation of HER2-containing heterodimers, which are implicated in many malignancies and are a prevalent outcome of stimulation by native, monovalent EGF, or NRG. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of this approach by showing that bivalent NRG (NN) can bias signaling in HER3-expressing cancer cells, resulting in some cases in decreased migration, inhibited proliferation, and increased apoptosis, whereas native NRG stimulation increased the malignant potential of the same cells. Hence, this new approach may have therapeutic relevance in ovarian, breast, lung, and other cancers in which HER3 has been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Jay
- From the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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13
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Gerbin CS, Landgraf R. Geldanamycin selectively targets the nascent form of ERBB3 for degradation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:529-44. [PMID: 20084478 PMCID: PMC3006625 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) targets a broad spectrum of client proteins with divergent modes of interaction and consequences. The homologous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ERBB2 receptors as well as kinase-deficient mutants thereof differ in their requirement for HSP90 in the nascent versus mature state of the receptor. Specific features of the kinase domain have been implicated for the selective association of HSP90 with mature ERBB2. We evaluated the role of HSP90 for the homologous ERBB3 receptor. ERBB3 is naturally kinase deficient, a central mediator in cell survival and stress response and the primary dimerization partner for ERBB2 in signaling. Cellular studies indicate that, similar to EGFR, the geldanamycin (GA) sensitivity of ERBB3 and HSP90 binding resides in the nascent state and is dependent on the presence of the kinase domain of ERBB3. Furthermore, despite its intrinsic lack of kinase activity and in contrast to the reported GA sensitivity of mature and kinase-deficient EGFR, the GA sensitivity of the nascent state of ERBB3 appears to be exclusive. Geldanamycin disrupts the interaction of ERBB3 and HSP90 and inhibits ERBB3 maturation at an early stage of synthesis, prior to export from the ER. Studies with a photo-convertible fusion protein of ERBB3 suggest geldanamycin sensitivity at a later stage in maturation, possibly through the putative role of HSP90 in structural proofreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice S. Gerbin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ralf Landgraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
- Department Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, Box 01629 (R-629), Miami, FL 33101-6129 USA
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14
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Clayton AHA, Orchard SG, Nice EC, Posner RG, Burgess AW. Predominance of activated EGFR higher-order oligomers on the cell surface. Growth Factors 2008; 26:316-24. [PMID: 18937111 DOI: 10.1080/08977190802442187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase is generally considered to be activated by either ligand-induced dimerisation or a ligand-induced conformational change within pre-formed dimers. We report the relationship between ligand-induced higher-order EGFR oligomerization and EGFR phosphorylation on the surface of intact cells. We have combined lifetime-detected Forster resonance energy transfer, as a probe of the receptor phosphorylation state and image correlation spectroscopy, to extract the relative association state of activated versus unactivated EGFR, to determine the ratio of the average number of receptors for active (phosphorylated) and inactive clusters. There are at least four times as many receptors in the ligand-induced active clusters than inactive clusters. Contrary to the prevailing view that the EGFR dimer is the predominant, active form, our data determine that higher-order EGFR oligomers are the dominant species associated with the ligand activated EGFR tyrosine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H A Clayton
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Park E, Baron R, Landgraf R. Higher-order association states of cellular ERBB3 probed with photo-cross-linkable aptamers. Biochemistry 2008; 47:11992-2005. [PMID: 18942860 DOI: 10.1021/bi8004208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers are rapidly gaining prominence as diagnostic tools, targeting reagents, and potential therapeutics. To extend the use of aptamers into the biochemical analysis of protein interactions on the surface of live cells, we converted an enzymatically generated RNA aptamer into a photo-cross-linkable affinity tag through the replacement of all uracils with 4-thiouracil. Specifically, we converted a previously selected, inhibitory aptamer that binds the soluble extracellular domains of the ERBB3 receptor into a targeted and highly specific cross-linking reagent in a live cell setting. Since the photo-cross-linkable aptamer has two functionalities, targeted and highly selective as well as unspecific cross-linking capability, the attachment of this inhibitory aptamer converts ERBB3 into a passive and signaling incompetent probe of its immediate receptor environment. This approach detects receptor clustering of endogenous ERBB3 in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 at levels as low as 25000 receptors per cell and at aptamer concentrations as low as 20 nM. Our analysis also indicates that ERBB3 receptors are apparently segregated from ERBB2 receptors in their resting state, and both ligand-activated ERBB3 and ERBB2 do not share the same microenvironment as inactive ERBB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euisun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33101-6129, USA
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16
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Sithanandam G, Anderson LM. The ERBB3 receptor in cancer and cancer gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 15:413-48. [PMID: 18404164 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ERBB3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, is unique in that its tyrosine kinase domain is functionally defective. It is activated by neuregulins, by other ERBB and nonERBB receptors as well as by other kinases, and by novel mechanisms. Downstream it interacts prominently with the phosphoinositol 3-kinase/AKT survival/mitogenic pathway, but also with GRB, SHC, SRC, ABL, rasGAP, SYK and the transcription regulator EBP1. There are likely important but poorly understood roles for nuclear localization and for secreted isoforms. Studies of ERBB3 expression in primary cancers and of its mechanistic contributions in cultured cells have implicated it, with varying degrees of certainty, with causation or sustenance of cancers of the breast, ovary, prostate, certain brain cells, retina, melanocytes, colon, pancreas, stomach, oral cavity and lung. Recent results link high ERBB3 activity with escape from therapy targeting other ERBBs in lung and breast cancers. Thus a wide and centrally important role for ERBB3 in cancer is becoming increasingly apparent. Several approaches for targeting ERBB3 in cancers have been tested or proposed. Small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) to ERBB3 or AKT is showing promise as a therapeutic approach to treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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17
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Kakizawa T, Koide-Yoshida S, Kimura T, Uchimura H, Hayashi Y, Saito K, Kiso Y. Fmoc-based solid phase chemical synthesis of 71-meric neuregulin 1-beta1, an epidermal growth factor-like domain. J Pept Sci 2007; 14:261-6. [PMID: 17880034 DOI: 10.1002/psc.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The human neuregulin 1-beta1 (NRG1-beta1, amino acid residues 176-246) was chemically synthesized by Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) followed by folding in a redox buffer. The biological activity of the synthesized NRG1-beta1 was confirmed by ligand-induced tyrosine phosphorylation on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing ErbB-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Kakizawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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18
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Landgraf R. HER2 therapy. HER2 (ERBB2): functional diversity from structurally conserved building blocks. Breast Cancer Res 2007; 9:202. [PMID: 17274834 PMCID: PMC1851388 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR-type receptor tyrosine kinases achieve a broad spectrum of cellular responses by utilizing a set of structurally conserved building blocks. Based on available crystal structures and biochemical information, significant new insights have emerged into modes of receptor control, its deregulation in cancer, and the nuances that differentiate the four human receptors. This review gives an overview of current models of the control of receptor activity with a special emphasis on HER2 and HER3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Landgraf
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology and Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095-1678, USA.
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19
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2006 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:300-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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