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Oh Y, Kim S, Kim Y, Kim H, Jang D, Shin S, Lee SJ, Kim J, Lee SE, Oh J, Yang Y, Kim D, Jung HR, Kim S, Kim J, Min K, Cho B, Seo H, Han D, Park H, Cho SY. Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2 as a target for augmenting anti-PD1 efficacy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:155. [PMID: 39095793 PMCID: PMC11295332 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) provides durable responses in select cancer patients, yet resistance remains a significant challenge, prompting the exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2 (TPST2), known for its role in protein tyrosine O-sulfation, has been suggested to modulate the extracellular protein-protein interactions, but its specific role in cancer immunity remains largely unexplored. METHODS To explore tumor cell-intrinsic factors influencing anti-PD1 responsiveness, we conducted a pooled loss-of-function genetic screen in humanized mice engrafted with human immune cells. The responsiveness of cancer cells to interferon-γ (IFNγ) was estimated by evaluating IFNγ-mediated induction of target genes, STAT1 phosphorylation, HLA expression, and cell growth suppression. The sulfotyrosine-modified target gene of TPST2 was identified by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. The in vivo effects of TPST2 inhibition were evaluated using mouse syngeneic tumor models and corroborated by bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses. RESULTS Through in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screening, TPST2 loss-of-function emerged as a potential enhancer of anti-PD1 treatment efficacy. TPST2 suppressed IFNγ signaling by sulfating IFNγ receptor 1 at Y397 residue, while its downregulation boosted IFNγ-mediated signaling and antigen presentation. Depletion of TPST2 in cancer cells augmented anti-PD1 antibody efficacy in syngeneic mouse tumor models by enhancing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. RNA sequencing data revealed TPST2's inverse correlation with antigen presentation, and increased TPST2 expression is associated with poor prognosis and altered cancer immunity across cancer types. CONCLUSIONS We propose TPST2's novel role as a suppressor of cancer immunity and advocate for its consideration as a therapeutic target in ICT-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Oh
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Yunjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Dongjun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seungjae Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jaeik Oh
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yoojin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Dohee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hae Rim Jung
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sangjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jihui Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Kyungchan Min
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Beomki Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hoseok Seo
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
- Genome&Company, Suwon, 16229, Korea.
| | - Sung-Yup Cho
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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DeFiglia SA, Szot CW, Håkansson K. Negative-Ion Electron Capture Dissociation of MALDI-Generated Peptide Anions. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8800-8806. [PMID: 38742421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Negative-ion electron capture dissociation (niECD) is an anion MS/MS technique that provides fragmentation analogous to conventional ECD, including high peptide sequence coverage and retention of labile post-translational modifications (PTMs). niECD has been proposed to be the most efficient for salt-bridged zwitterionic precursor ion structures. Several important PTMs, e.g., sulfation and phosphorylation, are acidic and can, therefore, be challenging to characterize in the positive-ion mode. Furthermore, PTM-friendly techniques, such as ECD, require multiple precursor ion-positive charges. By contrast, singly charged ions, refractory to ECD, are most compatible with niECD. Because electrospray ionization (ESI) typically yields multiply charged ions, we sought to explore matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) in combination with niECD. However, the requirement for zwitterionic gaseous structures may preclude efficient niECD of MALDI-generated anions. Unexpectedly, we found that niECD of anions from MALDI is not only possible but proceeds with similar or higher efficiency compared with ESI-generated anions. Matrix selection did not appear to have a major effect. With MALDI, niECD is demonstrated up to m/z ∼4300. For such larger analytes, multiple electron captures are observed, resulting in triply charged fragments from singly charged precursor ions. Such charge-increased fragments show improved detectability. Furthermore, significantly improved (∼20-fold signal-to-noise increase) niECD spectral quality is achieved with equivalent sample amounts from MALDI vs ESI. Overall, the reported combination with MALDI significantly boosts the analytical utility of niECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A DeFiglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Carson W Szot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Kristina Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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D’Antona AM, Lee JM, Zhang M, Friedman C, He T, Mosyak L, Bennett E, Lin L, Silverman M, Cometa F, Meade C, Hageman T, Sousa E, Cohen J, Marquette K, Ferguson D, Zhong X. Tyrosine Sulfation at Antibody Light Chain CDR-1 Increases Binding Affinity and Neutralization Potency to Interleukine-4. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1931. [PMID: 38339208 PMCID: PMC10855961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies can be modulated by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTM). Tyrosine (Tyr) sulfation is a type of negatively charged PTM that occurs during protein trafficking through the Golgi. In this study, we discovered that an anti-interleukin (IL)-4 human IgG1, produced by transiently transfected HEK293 cells, contained a fraction of unusual negatively charged species. Interestingly, the isolated acidic species exhibited a two-fold higher affinity to IL-4 and a nearly four-fold higher potency compared to the main species. Mass spectrometry (MS) showed the isolated acidic species possessed an +80-Dalton from the expected mass, suggesting an occurrence of Tyr sulfation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show the ability to control the acidic species during transient expression with the addition of Tyr sulfation inhibitor sodium chlorate or, conversely, enriched the acidic species from 30% to 92% of the total antibody protein when the IL-4 IgG was co-transfected with tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase genes. Further MS and mutagenesis analysis identified a Tyr residue at the light chain complementarity-determining region-1 (CDRL-1), which was sulfated specifically. These results together have demonstrated for the first time that Tyr sulfation at CDRL-1 could modulate antibody binding affinity and potency to a human immune cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. D’Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Julie M. Lee
- Translational Clinical Sciences, Pfizer Discovery & Early Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melvin Zhang
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Clarence Friedman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Tao He
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Lidia Mosyak
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Eric Bennett
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Maddison Silverman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Funi Cometa
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Caryl Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Tyler Hageman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Kimberly Marquette
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Darren Ferguson
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
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Salilew-Wondim D, Tholen E, Held-Hoelker E, Shellander K, Blaschka C, Drillich M, Iwersen M, Suess D, Gebremedhn S, Tesfaye D, Parys C, Helmbrecht A, Guyader J, Miskel D, Trakooljul N, Wimmers K, Hoelker M. Endometrial DNA methylation signatures during the time of breeding in relation to the pregnancy outcome in postpartum dairy cows fed a control diet or supplemented with rumen-protected methionine. Front Genet 2024; 14:1267053. [PMID: 38327702 PMCID: PMC10847534 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1267053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Post calving metabolic stress reduces the fertility of high producing dairy cows possibly by altering the expression of genes in the maternal environment via epigenetic modifications. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify endometrial DNA methylation marks that can be associated with pregnancy outcomes in postpartum cows at the time of breeding. For this, twelve days post-calving, cows were either offered a control diet or supplemented daily with rumen-protected methionine. Cows showing heat 50-64 days postpartum were artificially inseminated. Endometrial cytobrush samples were collected 4-8 h after artificial insemination and classified based on the pregnancy out comes as those derived from cows that resulted in pregnancy or resulted in no pregnancy. The DNAs isolated from endometrial samples were then subject to reduced representative bisulfite sequencing for DNA methylation analysis. Results showed that in the control diet group, 1,958 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCGs) were identified between cows that resulted in pregnancy and those that resulted in no pregnancy of which 890 DMCGs were located on chr 27: 6217254-6225600 bp. A total of 537 DMCGs were overlapped with 313 annotated genes that were involved in various pathways including signal transduction, signalling by GPCR, aldosterone synthesis and secretion. Likewise, in methionine supplemented group, 3,430 CpG sites were differentially methylated between the two cow groups of which 18.7% were located on Chr27: 6217254-6225600 bp. A total of 1,781 DMCGS were overlapped with 890 genes which involved in developmental and signalling related pathways including WNT-signalling, focal adhesion and ECM receptor interaction. Interestingly, 149 genes involved in signal transduction, axon guidance and non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions were differentially methylated between the two cow groups irrespective of their feeding regime, while 453 genes involved in axon guidance, notch signalling and collagen formation were differentially methylated between cows that received rumen protected methionine and control diet irrespective of their fertility status. Overall, this study indicated that postpartum cows that could potentially become pregnant could be distinguishable based on their endometrial DNA methylation patterns at the time of breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Held-Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Shellander
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carina Blaschka
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Drillich
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Iwersen
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Suess
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | | | | | - Dennis Miskel
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Dai D, Zhu Z, Han H, Xu T, Feng S, Zhang W, Ding F, Zhang R, Zhu J. Enhanced tyrosine sulfation is associated with chronic kidney disease-related atherosclerosis. BMC Biol 2023; 21:151. [PMID: 37424015 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) accelerates atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Tyrosine sulfation has been recognized as a key post-translational modification (PTM) in regulation of various cellular processes, and the sulfated adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors have been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis via enhancement of monocyte/macrophage function. The levels of inorganic sulfate, the essential substrate for the sulfation reaction, are dramatically increased in patients with CKD, which indicates a change of sulfation status in CKD patients. Thus, in the present study, we detected the sulfation status in CKD patients and probed into the impact of sulfation on CKD-related atherosclerosis by targeting tyrosine sulfation function. RESULTS PBMCs from individuals with CKD showed higher amounts of total sulfotyrosine and tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) type 1 and 2 protein levels. The plasma level of O-sulfotyrosine, the metabolic end product of tyrosine sulfation, increased significantly in CKD patients. Statistically, O-sulfotyrosine and the coronary atherosclerosis severity SYNTAX score positively correlated. Mechanically, more sulfate-positive nucleated cells in peripheral blood and more abundant infiltration of sulfated macrophages in deteriorated vascular plaques in CKD ApoE null mice were noted. Knockout of TPST1 and TPST2 decreased atherosclerosis and peritoneal macrophage adherence and migration in CKD condition. The sulfation of the chemokine receptors, CCR2 and CCR5, was increased in PBMCs from CKD patients. CONCLUSIONS CKD is associated with increased sulfation status. Increased sulfation contributes to monocyte/macrophage activation and might be involved in CKD-related atherosclerosis. Inhibition of sulfation may suppress CKD-related atherosclerosis and is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daopeng Dai
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Jiang YF, Wang S, Wang CL, Xu RH, Wang WW, Jiang Y, Wang MS, Jiang L, Dai LH, Wang JR, Chu XH, Zeng YQ, Fang LZ, Wu DD, Zhang Q, Ding XD. Pangenome obtained by long-read sequencing of 11 genomes reveal hidden functional structural variants in pigs. iScience 2023; 26:106119. [PMID: 36852268 PMCID: PMC9958381 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-read sequencing (LRS) facilitates both the genome assembly and the discovery of structural variants (SVs). Here, we built a graph-based pig pangenome by incorporating 11 LRS genomes with an average of 94.01% BUSCO completeness score, revealing 206-Mb novel sequences. We discovered 183,352 nonredundant SVs (63% novel), representing 12.12% of the reference genome. By genotyping SVs in an additional 196 short-read sequencing samples, we identified thousands of population stratified SVs. Particularly, we detected 7,568 Tibetan specific SVs, some of which demonstrate significant population differentiation between Tibetan and low-altitude pigs, which might be associated with the high-altitude hypoxia adaptation in Tibetan pigs. Further integrating functional genomic data, the most promising candidate genes within the SVs that might contribute to the high-altitude hypoxia adaptation were discovered. Overall, our study generates a benchmark pangenome resource for illustrating the important roles of SVs in adaptive evolution, domestication, and genetic improvement of agronomic traits in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Chong-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ru-Hai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wen-Wen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ming-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Li Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li-He Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jie-Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yong-Qing Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, China
| | - Ling-Zhao Fang
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhong X, D’Antona AM. A potential antibody repertoire diversification mechanism through tyrosine sulfation for biotherapeutics engineering and production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1072702. [PMID: 36569848 PMCID: PMC9774471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of three hypervariable loops in antibody heavy chain and light chain, termed the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), defines antibody's binding affinity and specificity owing to the direct contact between the CDRs and antigens. These CDR regions typically contain tyrosine (Tyr) residues that are known to engage in both nonpolar and pi stacking interaction with antigens through their complementary aromatic ring side chains. Nearly two decades ago, sulfotyrosine residue (sTyr), a negatively charged Tyr formed by Golgi-localized membrane-bound tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases during protein trafficking, were also found in the CDR regions and shown to play an important role in modulating antibody-antigen interaction. This breakthrough finding demonstrated that antibody repertoire could be further diversified through post-translational modifications, in addition to the conventional genetic recombination. This review article summarizes the current advances in the understanding of the Tyr-sulfation modification mechanism and its application in potentiating protein-protein interaction for antibody engineering and production. Challenges and opportunities are also discussed.
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Liu R, Zhang Y, Kumar A, Huhn S, Hullinger L, Du Z. Modulating tyrosine sulfation of recombinant antibodies in CHO cell culture by host selection and sodium chlorate supplementation. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100142. [PMID: 34081410 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification found on many surface receptors and plays an important role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. However, tyrosine sulfation of therapeutic antibodies has only been reported very recently. Because of potential potency and immunogenicity concerns, tyrosine sulfation needs to be controlled during the manufacturing process. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we explored methods to modulate antibody tyrosine sulfation during cell line development and upstream production process. We found that tyrosine sulfation levels were significantly different in various Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines due to differential expression of genes in the sulfation pathway including tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2 (TPST2) and the sulfation substrate transporter SLC35B2. We also screened chemical inhibitors to reduce tyrosine sulfation in CHO culture and found that sodium chlorate could significantly inhibit tyrosine sulfation while having minimal impact on cell growth and antibody production. We further confirmed this finding in a standard fed-batch production assay. Sodium chlorate at 16 mM markedly inhibited tyrosine sulfation by more than 50% and had no significant impact on antibody titer or quality. CONCLUSION These data suggest that we can control tyrosine sulfation by selecting CHO cell lines based on the expression level of TPST2 and SLC35B2 or adding sodium chlorate in upstream production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Liu
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven Huhn
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laurie Hullinger
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhimei Du
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
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9
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Gahlay GK, Rajput N. The enigmatic sperm proteins in mammalian fertilization: an overview†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1171-1185. [PMID: 32761117 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian fertilization involves a physical interaction between a sperm and an egg followed by molecular interactions amongst their various cell surface molecules. These interactions are initially mediated on the egg's outermost matrix, zona pellucida (ZP), and then its plasma membrane. To better understand this process, it is pertinent to find the corresponding molecules on sperm that interact with ZP or the egg's plasma membrane. Although currently, we have some knowledge about the binding partners for egg's plasma membrane on sperm, yet the ones involved in an interaction with ZP have remained remarkably elusive. This review provides comprehensive knowledge about the various sperm proteins participating in mammalian fertilization and discusses the possible reasons for not being able to identify the strong sperm surface candidate (s) for ZP adhesion. It also hypothesizes the existence of a multi-protein complex(s), members of which participate in oviduct transport, cumulus penetration, zona adhesion, and adhesion/fusion with the egg's plasma membrane; with some protein(s) having multiple roles during this process. Identification of these proteins is crucial as it improves our understanding of the process and allows us to successfully treat infertility, develop contraceptives, and improve artificial reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur Gahlay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Neha Rajput
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
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10
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Abstract
Sulfur is present in the amino acids cysteine and methionine and in a large range of essential coenzymes and cofactors and is therefore essential for all organisms. It is also a constituent of sulfate esters in proteins, carbohydrates, and numerous cellular metabolites. The sulfation and desulfation reactions modifying a variety of different substrates are commonly known as sulfation pathways. Although relatively little is known about the function of most sulfated metabolites, the synthesis of activated sulfate used in sulfation pathways is essential in both animal and plant kingdoms. In humans, mutations in the genes encoding the sulfation pathway enzymes underlie a number of developmental aberrations, and in flies and worms, their loss-of-function is fatal. In plants, a lower capacity for synthesizing activated sulfate for sulfation reactions results in dwarfism, and a complete loss of activated sulfate synthesis is also lethal. Here, we review the similarities and differences in sulfation pathways and associated processes in animals and plants, and we point out how they diverge from bacteria and yeast. We highlight the open questions concerning localization, regulation, and importance of sulfation pathways in both kingdoms and the ways in which findings from these "red" and "green" experimental systems may help reciprocally address questions specific to each of the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Günal
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hardman
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Wolf Mueller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom.
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11
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Xiong W, Wang Z, Shen C. An update of the regulatory factors of sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct by genetically manipulated mice. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:935-955. [PMID: 31131960 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental MedicineShanghai Rui‐Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- School of Life Sciences and BiochemistryShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental MedicineShanghai Rui‐Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental MedicineShanghai Rui‐Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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12
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Voronina VA, Harris FM, Schmahl J, Galligan C, Oristian D, Zamfirova R, Gong G, Bai Y, Fury W, Rajamani S, Walls JR, Poueymirou WT, Esau L, Gale NW, Auerbach W, Murphy AJ, Macdonald LE. Deletion of Adam6 in Mus musculus leads to male subfertility and deficits in sperm ascent into the oviduct. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:686-696. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Faith M Harris
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | - Caryn Galligan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Guochun Gong
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Yu Bai
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Wen Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lakeisha Esau
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
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13
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Schiza C, Korbakis D, Panteleli E, Jarvi K, Drabovich AP, Diamandis EP. Discovery of a Human Testis-specific Protein Complex TEX101-DPEP3 and Selection of Its Disrupting Antibodies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2480-2495. [PMID: 30097533 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TEX101 is a testis-specific protein expressed exclusively in male germ cells and is a validated biomarker of male infertility. Studies in mice suggest that TEX101 is a cell-surface chaperone which regulates, through protein-protein interactions, the maturation of proteins involved in spermatozoa transit and oocyte binding. Male TEX101-null mice are sterile. Here, we identified by co-immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry the interactome of human TEX101 in testicular tissues and spermatozoa. The testis-specific cell-surface dipeptidase 3 (DPEP3) emerged as the top hit. We further validated the TEX101-DPEP3 complex by using hybrid immunoassays. Combinations of antibodies recognizing different epitopes of TEX101 and DPEP3 facilitated development of a simple immunoassay to screen for disruptors of TEX101-DPEP3 complex. As a proof-of-a-concept, we demonstrated that anti-TEX101 antibody T4 disrupted the native TEX101-DPEP3 complex. Disrupting antibodies may be used to study the human TEX101-DPEP3 complex, and to develop modulators for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schiza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Korbakis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Efstratia Panteleli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Keith Jarvi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrei P Drabovich
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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14
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Serine protease PRSS55 is crucial for male mouse fertility via affecting sperm migration and sperm-egg binding. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4371-4384. [PMID: 30032357 PMCID: PMC6208766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Testis-specific PRSS55 is a highly conserved chymotrypsin-like serine protease among mammalian species. So far, the physiological function of PRSS55 remains unknown. Here, we show that PRSS55 is a GPI-anchored membrane protein, specifically expressed in adult mouse testis and mainly observed in the luminal side of seminiferous tubules and sperm acrosome. Mice deficient for Prss55 develop male infertile with normal reproduction-related parameters observed. Interestingly, in vivo fertilization rate of Prss55−/− males is dramatically decreased, possibly due to incapable migration of Prss55−/− sperm from uterus into oviduct. However, in vitro fertilization rate has no difference between two genotypes although Prss55−/− sperm presents defective recognition/binding to zona-intact or zona-free oocytes. Further study reveals that mature ADAM3 is almost undetectable in Prss55−/− sperm, while precursor ADAM3 remains unchanged in the testis. However, it is shown that ADAM3 has no interaction with PRSS55 by immunoprecipitation with anti-PRSS55 antibody. The expression levels of several proteins known to be related to the observed phenotypes remain comparable between wt and Prss55−/− mice. Moreover, we found that Prss55 deficiency has no effect on PRSS37 or vice versa albeit two mutant males share almost the same phenotypes. Microarray analysis reveals a total of 72 differentially expressed genes in Prss55−/− testis, most of which are associated with cellular membrane and organelle organization, protein transport and complex assembly, and response to stimulus and signaling. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that PRSS55 plays vital roles in regulating male fertility of mice, including in vivo sperm migration and in vitro sperm–egg interaction, possibly by affecting the maturation of ADAM3 in sperm and the expression of multiple genes in testis.
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15
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Zhang Y, Tang C, Yu T, Zhang R, Zheng H, Yan W. MicroRNAs control mRNA fate by compartmentalization based on 3' UTR length in male germ cells. Genome Biol 2017; 18:105. [PMID: 28615029 PMCID: PMC5471846 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression can be achieved through the control of mRNA stability, cytoplasmic compartmentalization, 3′ UTR length and translational efficacy. Spermiogenesis, a process through which haploid male germ cells differentiate into spermatozoa, represents an ideal model for studying post-transcriptional regulation in vivo because it involves a large number of transcripts that are physically sequestered in ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) and thus subjected to delayed translation. To explore how small RNAs regulate mRNA fate, we conducted RNA-Seq analyses to determine not only the levels of both mRNAs and small noncoding RNAs, but also their cytoplasmic compartmentalization during spermiogenesis. Result Among all small noncoding RNAs studied, miRNAs displayed the most dynamic changes in both abundance and subcytoplasmic localization. mRNAs with shorter 3′ UTRs became increasingly enriched in RNPs from pachytene spermatocytes to round spermatids, and the enrichment of shorter 3′ UTR mRNAs in RNPs coincided with newly synthesized miRNAs that target these mRNAs at sites closer to the stop codon. In contrast, the translocation of longer 3′ UTR mRNAs from RNPs to polysomes correlated with the production of new miRNAs that target these mRNAs at sites distal to the stop codon. Conclusions miRNAs appear to control cytoplasmic compartmentalization of mRNAs based on 3′ UTR length. Our data suggest that transcripts with longer 3′ UTRs tend to contain distal miRNA binding sites and are thus targeted to polysomes for translation followed by degradation. In contrast, those with shorter 3′ UTRs only possess proximal miRNA binding sites, which, therefore, are targeted into RNPs for enrichment and delayed translation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1243-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Room 207B, 1664 North Virginia Street, MS/0575, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Chong Tang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Room 207B, 1664 North Virginia Street, MS/0575, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, MS575, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Room 207B, 1664 North Virginia Street, MS/0575, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Huili Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Room 207B, 1664 North Virginia Street, MS/0575, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Room 207B, 1664 North Virginia Street, MS/0575, Reno, NV, 89557, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, MS575, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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16
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Langford R, Hurrion E, Dawson PA. Genetics and pathophysiology of mammalian sulfate biology. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Zhou W, Wang Y, Xie J, Geraghty RJ. A fluorescence-based high-throughput assay to identify inhibitors of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:1207-1212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Robinson MR, Brodbelt JS. Integrating Weak Anion Exchange and Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry with Strategic Modulation of Peptide Basicity for the Enrichment of Sulfopeptides. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11037-11045. [PMID: 27768275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine sulfation is an important post-translational modification but remains difficult to detect in biological samples owing to its low stoichiometric abundance and the lack of effective enrichment methods. In the present study, weak anion exchange (WAX) is evaluated for the enrichment of sulfopeptides that have been modified via carbamylation to convert all primary amines to less basic carbamates. The decrease in basicity enhanced the binding of carbamylated sulfopeptides to WAX resin relative to nonsulfated peptides. Upon elution and electrospray ionization in the negative mode, ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) was applied for peptide sequencing. Application of the method to a tryptic digest of bovine coagulation factor V resulted in identification of sulfation on tyrosine 1513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Hartmann-Fatu C, Bayer P. Determinants of tyrosylprotein sulfation coding and substrate specificity of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases in metazoans. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:17-22. [PMID: 27062897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This short review likes to give a historical view on the discovery of metazoan Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferases (TPSTs) setting its focus on the determinants of substrate specificity of these enzymes and on the hitherto knowledge of the sulfation coding mechanism. Weak points of the to-date models of sulfation coding will be outlined and a more detailed and complex view on tyrosylprotein-sulfation coding will be presented with respect to recent cellular investigations on TPSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hartmann-Fatu
- University Duisburg-Essen, Research Group Aquatic Ecosystem Research, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- University Duisburg-Essen, Research Group Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), 45117 Essen, Germany.
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20
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Shen C, Wang J, Zhuang H, Liu J, Wang X, Chen X, Wu Z, Wu W, Wu Y, Sun Y, Yan H, Fei J, Kuang Y, Wang Z. Establishment, characterization, and application of pAcr-SP-NTP-EGFP transgenic mice in visualizing the oviduct-migrating ability of sperm from Prss37-null mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:466-73. [PMID: 25921412 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mouse model with fluorescently labeled sperm has extensive application value. It is an auxiliary tool for investigating the mechanism of fertilization, especially for visualizing the oviduct-migrating ability of sperm in vivo. Here, we produced transgenic mouse lines whose sperm were tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) according to the previously described method. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of tail-tip genomic DNA identified 13 founders, of which 5 male founders produced offspring to form transgenic lines. We showed that EGFP was testis-specifically expressed, sharing similar expression pattern with endogenous acrosin. It has luminal side restricted distribution in seminiferous tubules and acrosomal aggregation in mature sperm. In addition, interstrain hybridization obtained Prss37(-/-)EGFP(tg/+) males produced sperm with impaired oviduct-migrating ability as visualized under fluorescence microscope, compared with Prss37(+/+)EGFP(tg/+) counterparts. These results indicate that a transgenic mouse model with fluorescently labeled sperm has been successfully established and it is a useful tool for evaluating the oviduct-migrating ability of sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Zhuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiyi Wang
- Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhuanbin Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youbing Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanwen Sun
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
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21
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Role of tyrosine-sulfated proteins in retinal structure and function. Exp Eye Res 2015; 133:126-31. [PMID: 25819460 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a significant role in cellular and retinal health. The study of retinal tyrosine-sulfated proteins is an important first step toward understanding the role of ECM in retinal health and diseases. These secreted proteins are members of the retinal ECM. Tyrosine sulfation was shown to be necessary for the development of proper retinal structure and function. The importance of tyrosine sulfation is further demonstrated by the evolutionary presence of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases, enzymes that catalyze proteins' tyrosine sulfation, and the compensatory abilities of these enzymes. Research has identified four tyrosine-sulfated retinal proteins: fibulin 2, vitronectin, complement factor H (CFH), and opticin. Vitronectin and CFH regulate the activation of the complement system and are involved in the etiology of some cases of age-related macular degeneration. Analysis of the role of tyrosine sulfation in fibulin function showed that sulfation influences the protein's ability to regulate growth and migration. Although opticin was recently shown to exhibit anti-angiogenic properties, it is not yet determined what role sulfation plays in that function. Future studies focusing on identifying all of the tyrosine-sulfated retinal proteins would be instrumental in determining the impact of sulfation on retinal protein function in retinal homeostasis and diseases.
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22
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Kanan Y, Siefert JC, Kinter M, Al-Ubaidi MR. Complement factor H, vitronectin, and opticin are tyrosine-sulfated proteins of the retinal pigment epithelium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105409. [PMID: 25136834 PMCID: PMC4138151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of tyrosine sulfation of ocular proteins results in disorganized photoreceptor structure and drastically reduced visual function, demonstrating the importance of this post-translational modification to vision. To understand the role that tyrosine sulfation plays in the function of ocular proteins, we identified some tyrosine-sulfated proteins in the retinal pigment epithelium using two independent methods, immuno-affinity column purification with an anti-sulfotyrosine specific antibody and computer-based sequence analysis of retinal pigment epithelium secretome by means of the prediction program Sulfinator. Radioactive labeling followed by thin layer electrophoresis revealed that three proteins, vitronectin, opticin, and complement factor H (CFH), were post-translationally modified by tyrosine sulfation. The identification of vitronectin and CFH as tyrosine-sulfated proteins is significant, since both are deposited in drusen in the eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Furthermore, mutations in CFH have been determined to be a major risk factor in the development of AMD. Future studies that seek to understand the role of CFH in the development of AMD should take into account the role that tyrosine sulfation plays in the interaction of this protein with its partners, and examine whether modulating sulfation provides a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Kanan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Joseph C. Siefert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Michael Kinter
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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23
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Nedumpully-Govindan P, Li L, Alexov EG, Blenner MA, Ding F. Structural and energetic determinants of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase sulfation specificity. Bioinformatics 2014; 30:2302-9. [PMID: 24794930 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Tyrosine sulfation is a type of post-translational modification (PTM) catalyzed by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPST). The modification plays a crucial role in mediating protein-protein interactions in many biologically important processes. There is no well-defined sequence motif for TPST sulfation, and the underlying determinants of TPST sulfation specificity remains elusive. Here, we perform molecular modeling to uncover the structural and energetic determinants of TPST sulfation specificity. RESULTS We estimate the binding affinities between TPST and peptides around tyrosines of both sulfated and non-sulfated proteins to differentiate them. We find that better differentiation is achieved after including energy costs associated with local unfolding of the tyrosine-containing peptide in a host protein, which depends on both the peptide's secondary structures and solvent accessibility. Local unfolding renders buried peptide-with ordered structures-thermodynamically available for TPST binding. Our results suggest that both thermodynamic availability of the peptide and its binding affinity to the enzyme are important for TPST sulfation specificity, and their interplay results into great variations in sequences and structures of sulfated peptides. We expect our method to be useful in predicting potential sulfation sites and transferable to other TPST variants. Our study may also shed light on other PTM systems without well-defined sequence and structural specificities. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION All the data and scripts used in the work are available at http://dlab.clemson.edu/research/Sulfation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Nedumpully-Govindan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Emil G Alexov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Mark A Blenner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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24
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Zhou W, Duckworth BP, Geraghty RJ. Fluorescent peptide sensors for tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase activity. Anal Biochem 2014; 461:1-6. [PMID: 24909447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine sulfurylation is a post-translational modification important for protein-protein interactions in the extracellular space that are instrumental in cell adhesion, cell signaling, immune responses, and pathogen recognition of host cells. Tyrosine sulfurylation is catalyzed by the tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPSTs), and in humans there are two isoforms: hTPST1 and hTPST2. The study of hTPST function and the development of small molecule probes to examine the role of hTPSTs in cell biology have been delayed by the absence of a continuous direct assay for hTPST activity. We have developed a fluorescent peptide-based assay to directly monitor tyrosine sulfurylation in real time. TPST-mediated tyrosine sulfurylation of the peptides disrupts fluorophore quenching and results in increased fluorescence emission. The assay can be used to study TPST enzymatic activity, and we show that recombinant hTPSTs are active in the absence of divalent metal ions and that optimal activity is at pH 6.0. We further show that the assay can also be used to identify inhibitors of tyrosine sulfurylation. A clear understanding of hTPST function in normal cell biology and in disease states will require the identification of small molecule inhibitors or probes to modulate enzymatic activity, and our results will facilitate that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhou
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin P Duckworth
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert J Geraghty
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Westmuckett AD, Nguyen EB, Herlea-Pana OM, Alvau A, Salicioni AM, Moore KL. Impaired sperm maturation in RNASE9 knockout mice. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:120. [PMID: 24719258 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonuclease, RNase A family, 9 (RNASE9) is a ribonuclease A superfamily member that is expressed only in the epididymis. It is a small, secreted polypeptide, it lacks ribonuclease activity, and its function(s) is unknown. However, epididymis-specific expression suggests a role in sperm maturation. We generated Rnase9(-/-) mice to study RNASE9 function in vivo. We confirm that RNASE9 expression is restricted to the epididymis. Within the epididymis, RNASE9 is first detected in midcaput, persists through the distal caput and corpus, and wanes in the cauda. Rnase9(-/-) mice are born at the expected Mendelian ratio, have normal postnatal growth and development, and have no outwardly apparent phenotype. Spermatogenesis is normal, and Rnase9-null sperm are morphologically normal. Rnase9(-/-) males have normal fertility in unrestricted mating trials, and fertilization rates in in vitro fertilization assays are indistinguishable from wild-type mice. Visual observations coupled with analyses of sperm velocities shortly after swim out from the corpus shows that motility of Rnase9-null sperm is significantly impaired. However, no differences between wild-type and Rnase9-null sperm are detected by computer-assisted sperm analysis 10-90 min after sperm isolation from the corpus or cauda. Assessment of capacitation-dependent signaling pathways in Rnase9-null sperm showed that, while levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins were normal, there was decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates upon capacitation compared to wild-type mice. In conclusion, RNASE9 is dispensable for fertility, but the absence of RNASE9 during epididymal transit results in impaired sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Westmuckett
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Edward B Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Oana M Herlea-Pana
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Antonio Alvau
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Ana M Salicioni
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin L Moore
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Abstract
Sulphate contributes to numerous processes in mammalian physiology, particularly during development. Sulphotransferases mediate the sulphate conjugation (sulphonation) of numerous compounds, including steroids, glycosaminoglycans, proteins, neurotransmitters and xenobiotics, transforming their biological activities. Importantly, the ratio of sulphonated to unconjugated molecules plays a significant physiological role in many of the molecular events that regulate mammalian growth and development. In humans, the fetus is unable to generate its own sulphate and therefore relies on sulphate being supplied from maternal circulation via the placenta. To meet the gestational needs of the growing fetus, maternal blood sulphate concentrations double from mid-gestation. Maternal hyposulphataemia has been linked to fetal sulphate deficiency and late gestational fetal loss in mice. Disorders of sulphonation have also been linked to a number of developmental disorders in humans, including skeletal dysplasias and premature adrenarche. While recognised as an important nutrient in mammalian physiology, sulphate is largely unappreciated in clinical settings. In part, this may be due to technical challenges in measuring sulphate with standard pathology equipment and hence the limited findings of perturbed sulphate homoeostasis affecting human health. This review article is aimed at highlighting the importance of sulphate in mammalian development, with basic science research being translated through animal models and linkage to human disorders.
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Westmuckett AD, Siefert JC, Tesiram YA, Pinson DM, Moore KL. Salivary gland hypofunction in tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2 knockout mice is due to primary hypothyroidism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71822. [PMID: 23951251 PMCID: PMC3737198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein-tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification of an unknown number of secreted and membrane proteins mediated by two known Golgi tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPST-1 and TPST-2). We reported that Tpst2-/- mice have mild-moderate primary hypothyroidism, whereas Tpst1-/- mice are euthyroid. While using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to look at the thyroid gland we noticed that the salivary glands in Tpst2-/- mice appeared smaller than in wild type mice. This prompted a detailed analysis to compare salivary gland structure and function in wild type, Tpst1-/-, and Tpst2 -/- mice. Methodology/Principal Findings Quantitative MRI imaging documented that salivary glands in Tpst2-/- females were ≈ 30% smaller than wild type or Tpst1-/- mice and that the granular convoluted tubules in Tpst2-/- submandibular glands were less prominent and were almost completely devoid of exocrine secretory granules compared to glands from wild type or Tpst1-/- mice. In addition, pilocarpine–induced salivary flow and salivary α-amylase activity in Tpst2-/- mice of both sexes was substantially lower than in wild type and Tpst1-/- mice. Anti-sulfotyrosine Western blots of salivary gland extracts and saliva showed no differences between wild type, Tpst1-/-, and Tpst2-/- mice, suggesting that the salivary gland hypofunction is due to factor(s) extrinsic to the salivary glands. Finally, we found that all indicators of hypothyroidism (serum T4, body weight) and salivary gland hypofunction (salivary flow, salivary α-amylase activity, histological changes) were restored to normal or near normal by thyroid hormone supplementation. Conclusions/Significance Our findings conclusively demonstrate that low body weight and salivary gland hypofunction in Tpst2-/- mice is due solely to primary hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Westmuckett
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America.
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Patnode ML, Yu SY, Cheng CW, Ho MY, Tegesjö L, Sakuma K, Uchimura K, Khoo KH, Kannagi R, Rosen SD. KSGal6ST generates galactose-6-O-sulfate in high endothelial venules but does not contribute to L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte homing. Glycobiology 2013; 23:381-94. [PMID: 23254996 PMCID: PMC3555504 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of sulfate to glycan structures can regulate their ability to serve as ligands for glycan-binding proteins. Although sulfate groups present on the monosaccharides glucosamine, uronate, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine are recognized by defined receptors that mediate important functions, the functional significance of galactose-6-O-sulfate (Gal6S) is not known. However, in vitro studies using synthetic glycans and sulfotransferase overexpression implicate Gal6S as a binding determinant for the lymphocyte homing receptor, L-selectin. Only two sulfotransferases have been shown to generate Gal6S, namely keratan sulfate galactose 6-O-sulfotransferase (KSGal6ST) and chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C6ST-1). In the present study, we use mice deficient in KSGal6ST and C6ST-1 to test whether Gal6S contributes to ligand recognition by L-selectin in vivo. First, we establish that KSGal6ST is selectively expressed in high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. We also determine by mass spectrometry that KSGal6ST generates Gal6S on several classes of O-glycans in peripheral lymph nodes. Furthermore, KSGal6ST, but not C6ST-1, is required for the generation of the Gal6S-containing glycan, 6,6'-disulfo-3'sLN (Siaα2→3[6S]Galβ1→4[6S]GlcNAc) or a closely related structure in lymph node HEVs. Nevertheless, L-selectin-dependent short-term homing of lymphocytes is normal in KSGal6ST-deficient mice, indicating that the Gal6S-containing structures we detected do not contribute to L-selectin ligand recognition in this setting. These results refine our understanding of the biological ligands for L-selectin and introduce a mouse model for investigating the functions of Gal6S in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Patnode
- Department of Anatomy and Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Shin-Yi Yu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, and
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Lotten Tegesjö
- Department of Anatomy and Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Keiichiro Sakuma
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | | | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Steven D Rosen
- Department of Anatomy and Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
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Szpakowska M, Fievez V, Arumugan K, van Nuland N, Schmit JC, Chevigné A. Function, diversity and therapeutic potential of the N-terminal domain of human chemokine receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1366-80. [PMID: 22935450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors play fundamental roles in many physiological and pathological processes such as leukocyte trafficking, inflammation, cancer and HIV-1 infection. Chemokine-receptor interactions are particularly intricate and therefore require precise orchestration. The flexible N-terminal domain of human chemokine receptors has regularly been demonstrated to hold a crucial role in the initial recognition and selective binding of the receptor ligands. The length and the amino acid sequences of the N-termini vary considerably among different receptors but they all show a high content of negatively charged residues and are subject to post-translational modifications such as O-sulfation and N- or O-glycosylation. In addition, a conserved cysteine that is most likely engaged in a receptor-stabilizing disulfide bond delimits two functionally distinct parts in the N-terminus, characterized by specific molecular signatures. Structural analyses have shown that the N-terminus of chemokine receptors recognizes a groove on the chemokine surface and that this interaction is stabilized by high-affinity binding to a conserved sulfotyrosine-binding pocket. Altogether, these data provide new insights on the chemokine-receptor molecular interplay and identify the receptor N-terminus-binding site as a new target for the development of therapeutic molecules. This review presents and discusses the diversity and function of human chemokine receptor N-terminal domains and provides a comprehensive annotated inventory of their sequences, laying special emphasis on the presence of post-translational modifications and functional features. Finally, it identifies new molecular signatures and proposes a computational model for the positioning and the conformation of the CXCR4 N-terminus grafted on the first chemokine receptor X-ray structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Szpakowska
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Public Research Center for Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Sherry DM, Kanan Y, Hamilton R, Hoffhines A, Arbogast KL, Fliesler SJ, Naash MI, Moore KL, Al-Ubaidi MR. Differential developmental deficits in retinal function in the absence of either protein tyrosine sulfotransferase-1 or -2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39702. [PMID: 22745813 PMCID: PMC3382163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role(s) of protein-tyrosine sulfation in the retina and to determine the differential role(s) of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPST) 1 and 2 in vision, retinal function and structure were examined in mice lacking TPST-1 or TPST-2. Despite the normal histologic retinal appearance in both Tpst1(-/-) and Tpst2(-/-) mice, retinal function was compromised during early development. However, Tpst1(-/-) retinas became electrophysiologically normal by postnatal day 90 while Tpst2(-/-) mice did not functionally normalize with age. Ultrastructurally, the absence of TPST-1 or TPST-2 caused minor reductions in neuronal plexus. These results demonstrate the functional importance of protein-tyrosine sulfation for proper development of the retina and suggest that the different phenotypes resulting from elimination of either TPST-1 or -2 may reflect differential expression patterns or levels of the enzymes. Furthermore, single knock-out mice of either TPST-1 or -2 did not phenocopy mice with double-knockout of both TPSTs, suggesting that the functions of the TPSTs are at least partially redundant, which points to the functional importance of these enzymes in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Sherry
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Oklahoma Center for Neurosciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Yogita Kanan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Robert Hamilton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Adam Hoffhines
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kelsey L. Arbogast
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Fliesler
- Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System, University at Buffalo/State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, University at Buffalo/State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The SUNY Eye Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Muna I. Naash
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Oklahoma Center for Neurosciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. Moore
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Oklahoma Center for Neurosciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Marcello MR, Jia W, Leary JA, Moore KL, Evans JP. Lack of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2 activity results in altered sperm-egg interactions and loss of ADAM3 and ADAM6 in epididymal sperm. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:13060-70. [PMID: 21339297 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.175463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine O-sulfation is a post-translational modification catalyzed by two tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPST-1 and TPST-2) in the trans-Golgi network. Tpst2-deficient mice have male infertility, sperm motility defects, and possible abnormalities in sperm-egg membrane interactions. Studies here show that compared with wild-type sperm, fewer Tpst2-null sperm bind to the egg membrane, but more of these bound sperm progress to membrane fusion. Similar outcomes were observed with wild-type sperm treated with the anti-sulfotyrosine antibody PSG2. The increased extent of sperm-egg fusion is not due to a failure of Tpst2-null sperm to trigger establishment of the egg membrane block to polyspermy. Anti-sulfotyrosine staining of sperm showed localization similar to that of IZUMO1, a sperm protein that is essential for gamete fusion, but we detected little to no tyrosine sulfation of IZUMO1 and found that IZUMO1 expression and localization were normal in Tpst2-null sperm. Turning to a discovery-driven approach, we used mass spectrometry to characterize sperm proteins that associated with PSG2. This identified ADAM6, a member of the A disintegrin and A metalloprotease (ADAM) family; members of this protein family are associated with multiple sperm functions. Subsequent studies revealed that Tpst2-null sperm lack ADAM6 and ADAM3. Loss of ADAM3 is strongly associated with male infertility and is observed in knockouts of male germ line-specific endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperones, raising the possibility that TPST-2 may function in quality control in the secretory pathway. These data suggest that TPST-2-mediated tyrosine O-sulfation participates in regulating the sperm surface proteome or membrane order, ultimately affecting male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Marcello
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Hosoda Y, Sasaki N, Agui T. Hypothyroid phenotype of the Tpst2 mutant mouse is dependent upon genetic background. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 31:207-11. [PMID: 20622471 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.31.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
DW/J-grt is a congenital hypothyroid mouse model that is characterized by growth retardation, significantly lowered T3 and T4 levels, and severe thyroid hypoplasia related to TSH hyporesponsiveness. Previously, we identified the point mutation of the Tpst2 gene in DW/J-grt mice that causes a decrease in the enzymatic activity, and demonstrated that the Tpst2 transgene rescues the mutant phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo. The severity of hypothyroidism is highly variable indicating the influence of modifier genes in humans. In this study, to identify the modifier/resistant gene(s) to hypothyroidism, we produced congenic strains carrying this Tpst2(grt) mutation on the C57BL/6J and 129/SvJcl (129) genetic backgrounds and analyzed growth rate and thyroid function. Interestingly, the 129 congenic mice exhibited normal growth and thyroid function. The result suggests that 129 strain has the modifier(s) of attenuation of hypothyroidism. Therefore, the identification of the modifier loci of 129 mice will provide important new information about the gene(s) related to congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Hosoda
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Sherry DM, Murray AR, Kanan Y, Arbogast KL, Hamilton RA, Fliesler SJ, Burns ME, Moore KL, Al-Ubaidi MR. Lack of protein-tyrosine sulfation disrupts photoreceptor outer segment morphogenesis, retinal function and retinal anatomy. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:1461-72. [PMID: 21039965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role(s) of protein-tyrosine sulfation in the retina, we examined retinal function and structure in mice lacking tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPST) 1 and 2. Tpst double knockout (DKO; Tpst1(-/-) /Tpst2 (-/-) ) retinas had drastically reduced electroretinographic responses, although their photoreceptors exhibited normal responses in single cell recordings. These retinas appeared normal histologically; however, the rod photoreceptors had ultrastructurally abnormal outer segments, with membrane evulsions into the extracellular space, irregular disc membrane spacing and expanded intradiscal space. Photoreceptor synaptic terminals were disorganized in Tpst DKO retinas, but established ultrastructurally normal synapses, as did bipolar and amacrine cells; however, the morphology and organization of neuronal processes in the inner retina were abnormal. These results indicate that protein-tyrosine sulfation is essential for proper outer segment morphogenesis and synaptic function, but is not critical for overall retinal structure or synapse formation, and may serve broader functions in neuronal development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Sherry
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, BMSB 781, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Tasaki Y, Taguchi Y, Machida T, Kobayashi T. Relationship between growth retardation and impaired glucose tolerance in hypothyroidal growth-retarded (grt) mice. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2010; 50:186-92. [PMID: 20608948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2010.00287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth-retarded (grt) mice exhibit congenital hypothyroidism and a characteristic growth pause followed by delayed onset of pubertal growth. This pattern of growth has never been reported in any other animal model exhibiting hypothyroidism; therefore, the growth retardation observed in grt mice is unlikely to be explained completely by the low plasma thyroid hormone levels. As growth is closely related to nutrient metabolism, we investigated the relationship between the appearance of growth retardation and glucose utilization, which is the main component of nutrient metabolism, in the peripubertal stage of grt mice. The relative weights of the organs involved in nutrient digestion and absorption were abnormal in grt mice. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT) showed impaired glucose tolerance in grt mice. Moreover, this symptom appeared in parallel with the progression of growth retardation in grt mice. The impaired blood glucose levels on the IGTT in grt mice were considered to be attributable to decreased plasma insulin levels rather than to impaired insulin sensitivity. The pattern of anti-insulin antibody staining on sections of pancreatic islets from grt mice was almost the same as that in the corresponding sections from normal mice. Insulin treatment accelerated the growth of peripubertal grt mice. These findings suggest that the appearance of growth retardation in grt mice might be partially attributable to a reduction in glucose metabolism and impairment of insulin secretion during the early period of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Tasaki
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
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Rosendahl J, Rónai Z, Kovacs P, Teich N, Wittenburg H, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Mössner J, Keim V, Bradbury AR, Sahin-Tóth M. Sequence analysis of the human tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2 gene in subjects with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2010; 10:165-72. [PMID: 20460947 PMCID: PMC2899149 DOI: 10.1159/000231979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Human trypsinogens are post-translationally sulfated on Tyr154 by the Golgi resident enzyme tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2 (TPST2). Tyrosine sulfation stimulates the autoactivation of human cationic trypsinogen. Because increased trypsinogen autoactivation has been implicated as a pathogenic mechanism in chronic pancreatitis, we hypothesized that genetic variants of TPST2 might alter the risk for the disease. METHODS We sequenced the 4 protein-coding exons and the adjacent intronic sequences of TPST2 in 151 subjects with chronic pancreatitis and in 169 healthy controls. The functional effect of TPST2 variants on trypsinogen sulfation was analyzed in transfected HEK 293T cells. RESULTS We detected 10 common polymorphic variants, including 6 synonymous variants and 4 intronic variants, with similar frequencies in patients and controls. None of the 8 common haplotypes reconstructed from the frequent variants showed an association with chronic pancreatitis. In addition, we identified 5 rare TPST2 variants, which included 3 synonymous alterations, the c.458G>A (p.R153H) nonsynonymous variant and the c.-9C>T variant in the 5' untranslated region. The p.R153H variant was found in a family with hereditary pancreatitis; however, it did not segregate with the disease. In functional assays, both the p.R153H and c.-9C>T TPST2 variants catalyzed trypsinogen sulfation as well as wild-type TPST2. CONCLUSION Genetic variants of human TPST2 exert no influence on the risk of chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,*Jonas Rosendahl, Department für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, DE–04103 Leipzig (Germany), Tel. +49 341 97 13223, Fax +49 341 97 12209, E-Mail
| | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niels Teich
- Internistische Gemeinschaftspraxis für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henning Wittenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Mössner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Keim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew R.M. Bradbury
- Biosciences Division, TA-43, HRL-1, MS M888, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N. Mex., USA
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass., USA
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Kim TH, Kim DH, Nam HW, Park SY, Shim J, Cho JW. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase regulates collagen secretion in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cells 2010; 29:413-8. [PMID: 20229090 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulfation of tyrosine residues is an important post-translational modification involved in the regulation of protein function. We examined the activity of worm tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST-1) on a typical cuticle collagen, ROL-6, in C. elegans. We verified that TPST-1 sulfates three tyrosine residues of ROL-6 in vitro. We found that these tyrosine residues are important for the secretion of ROL-6::GFP. Mutant ROL-6::GFP proteins that contain more than two substitutions of the target tyrosine residues are severely deficient in cuticle localization. Consistently, knock down of tpst-1 blocked the cuticle localization of ROL-6::GFP. Therefore, the sulfation of ROL-6 by TPST-1 is critical for the proper localization of ROL-6. We also confirmed that worm TPST-1 is localized to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Our results indicate that TPST-1 regulates cuticle organization by promoting the transport of ROL-6 from the TGN to the cuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
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Koltsova E, Ley K. Tyrosine sulfation of leukocyte adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors promotes atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 29:1709-11. [PMID: 19846834 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.195552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Dun MD, Mitchell LA, Aitken RJ, Nixon B. Sperm-zona pellucida interaction: molecular mechanisms and the potential for contraceptive intervention. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010:139-178. [PMID: 20839091 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02062-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
At the moment of insemination, millions of mammalian sperm cells are released into the female reproductive tract with the single goal of finding the oocyte. The spermatozoa subsequently ignore the thousands of cells they make contact with during their journey to the site of fertilization, until they reach the surface of the oocyte. At this point, they bind tenaciously to the acellular coat, known as the zona pellucida, which surrounds the oocyte and orchestrate a cascade of cellular interactions that culminate in fertilization. These exquisitely cell- and species- specific recognition events are among the most strategically important cellular interactions in biology. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underpin them has implications for the etiology of human infertility and the development of novel targets for fertility regulation. Herein we describe our current understanding of the molecular basis of successful sperm-zona pellucida binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Dun
- Reproductive Science Group, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Baker MA, Reeves G, Hetherington L, Aitken RJ. Analysis of proteomic changes associated with sperm capacitation through the combined use of IPG-strip pre-fractionation followed by RP chromatography LC-MS/MS analysis. Proteomics 2009; 10:482-95. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment encompasses cell adhesion and activation steps that enable circulating leukocytes to roll, arrest, and firmly adhere on the endothelial surface before they extravasate into distinct tissue locations. This complex sequence of events relies on adhesive interactions between surface structures on leukocytes and endothelial cells and also on signals generated during the cell-cell contacts. Cell surface glycans play a crucial role in leukocyte recruitment. Several glycosyltransferases such as alpha1,3 fucosyltransferases, alpha2,3 sialyltransferases, core 2 N-acetylglucosaminlytransferases, beta1,4 galactosyltransferases, and polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases have been implicated in the generation of functional selectin ligands that mediate leukocyte rolling via binding to selectins. Recent evidence also suggests a role of alpha2,3 sialylated carbohydrate determinants in triggering chemokine-mediated leukocyte arrest and influencing beta1 integrin function. The recent discovery of galectin- and siglec-dependent processes further emphasizes the significant role of glycans for the successful recruitment of leukocytes into tissues. Advancing the knowledge on glycan function into appropriate pathology models is likely to suggest interesting new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
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Carlow DA, Gossens K, Naus S, Veerman KM, Seo W, Ziltener HJ. PSGL-1 function in immunity and steady state homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2009; 230:75-96. [PMID: 19594630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The substantial importance of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) in leukocyte trafficking has continued to emerge beyond its initial identification as a selectin ligand. PSGL-1 seemed to be a relatively simple molecule with an extracellular mucin domain extended as a flexible rod, teleologically consistent with its primary role in tethering leukocytes to endothelial selectins. The rolling interaction between leukocyte and endothelium mediated by this selectin-PSGL-1 interaction requires branched O-glycan extensions on specific PSGL-1 amino acid residues. In some cells, such as neutrophils, the glycosyltransferases involved in formation of the O-glycans are constitutively expressed, while in other cells, such as T cells, they are expressed only after appropriate activation. Thus, PSGL-1 supports leukocyte recruitment in both innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. A complex array of amino acids within the selectins engage multiple sugar residues of the branched O-glycans on PSGL-1 and provide the molecular interactions responsible for the velcro-like catch bonds that support leukocyte rolling. Such binding of PSGL-1 can also induce signaling events that influence cell phenotype and function. Scrutiny of PSGL-1 has revealed a better understanding of how it performs as a selectin ligand and yielded unexpected insights that extend its scope from supporting leukocyte rolling in inflammatory settings to homeostasis including stem cell homing to the thymus and mature T-cell homing to secondary lymphoid organs. PSGL-1 has been found to bind homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 and to support the chemotactic response to these chemokines. Surprisingly, the O-glycan modifications of PSGL-1 that support rolling mediated by selectins in inflammatory conditions interfere with PSGL-1 binding to homeostatic chemokines and thereby limit responsiveness to the chemotactic cues used in steady state T-cell traffic. The multi-level influence of PSGL-1 on cell traffic in both inflammatory and steady state settings is therefore substantially determined by the orchestrated addition of O-glycans. However, central as specific O-glycosylation is to PSGL-1 function, in vivo regulation of PSGL-1 glycosylation in T cells remains poorly understood. It is our purpose herein to review what is known, and not known, of PSGL-1 glycosylation and to update understanding of PSGL-1 functional scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Carlow
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Westmuckett AD, Moore KL. Lack of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase activity in hematopoietic cells drastically attenuates atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1730-6. [PMID: 19679829 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.192963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leukocyte recruitment is a major contributor in the development of atherosclerosis and requires a variety of proteins such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and chemokine receptors. Several key molecular players implicated in this process are expressed on monocytes and require protein-tyrosine sulfation for optimal function in vitro, including human CCR2, CCR5, CX3CR1, and PSGL-1. We therefore hypothesized that protein-tyrosine sulfation in hematopoietic cells plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Lethally-irradiated Ldlr(-/-) mice were rescued with hematopoietic progenitors lacking tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) activity attributable to deletion of the Tpst1 and Tpst2 genes. TPST deficient progenitors efficiently reconstituted hematopoiesis in Ldlr(-/-) recipients and transplantation had no effect on plasma lipids on a standard or atherogenic diet. However, we observed a substantial reduction in the size of atherosclerotic lesions and the number of macrophages in lesions from hyperlipidemic Ldlr(-/-) recipients transplanted with TPST deficient progenitors compared to wild-type progenitors. We also document for the first time that murine Psgl-1 and Cx3cr1 are tyrosine-sulfated. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that protein-tyrosine sulfation is an important contributor to monocytes/macrophage recruitment and/or retention in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.
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Tyrosine sulfation: an increasingly recognised post-translational modification of secreted proteins. N Biotechnol 2009; 25:299-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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A common African polymorphism abolishes tyrosine sulfation of human anionic trypsinogen (PRSS2). Biochem J 2009; 418:155-61. [PMID: 18986305 DOI: 10.1042/bj20081848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human pancreatic trypsinogens undergo post-translational sulfation on Tyr(154), catalysed by the Golgi-resident enzyme tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2. Sequence alignments suggest that the sulfation of Tyr(154) is facilitated by a unique sequence context which is characteristically found in primate trypsinogens. In the search for genetic variants that might alter this sulfation motif, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (c.457G>C) in the PRSS2 (serine protease 2, human anionic trypsinogen) gene, which changed Asp(153) to a histidine residue (p.D153H). The p.D153H variant is common in subjects of African origin, with a minor allele frequency of 9.2%, whereas it is absent in subjects of European descent. We demonstrate that Asp(153) is the main determinant of tyrosine sulfation in anionic trypsinogen, as both the natural p.D153H variation and the p.D153N mutation result in a complete loss of trypsinogen sulfation. In contrast, mutation of Asp(156) and Glu(157) only slightly decrease tyrosine sulfation, whereas mutation of Gly(151) and Pro(155) has no effect. With respect to the biological relevance of the p.D153H variant, we found that tyrosine sulfation had no significant effect on the activation of anionic trypsinogen or the catalytic activity and inhibitor sensitivity of anionic trypsin. Taken together with previous studies, the observations of the present study suggest that the primary role of trypsinogen sulfation in humans is to stimulate autoactivation of PRSS1 (serine protease 1, human cationic trypsinogen), whereas the sulfation of anionic trypsinogen is unimportant for normal digestive physiology. As a result, the p.D153H polymorphism which eliminates this modification could become widespread in a healthy population.
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Zhou J, Du YR, Qin WH, Hu YG, Huang YN, Bao L, Han D, Mansouri A, Xu GL. RIM-BP3 is a manchette-associated protein essential for spermiogenesis. Development 2009; 136:373-82. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.030858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During spermiogenesis, round spermatids are converted into motile sperm in mammals. The mechanisms responsible for sperm morphogenesis are poorly understood. We have characterized a novel protein, RIM-BP3, with a specialized function in spermatid development in mice. The RIM-BP3 protein is associated with the manchette, a transient microtubular structure believed to be important for morphogenesis during spermiogenesis. Targeted deletion of the RIM-BP3 gene resulted in male infertility owing to abnormal sperm heads, which are characterized by a deformed nucleus and a detached acrosome. Consistent with its role in morphogenesis, the RIM-BP3 protein physically associates with Hook1, a known manchette-bound protein required for sperm head morphogenesis. Interestingly, RIM-BP3 does not interact with the truncated Hook1 protein characterized in azh (abnormal spermatozoon head) mutant mice. Moreover, RIM-BP3 and Hook1 mutant mice display several common abnormalities, in particular with regard to the ectopic positioning of the manchette within the spermatid, a presumed cause of sperm head deformities. These observations suggest an essential role for RIM-BP3 in manchette development and function through its interaction with Hook1. As the occurrence of deformed spermatids is one of the common abnormalities leading to malfunctional sperm, identification of RIM-BP3 might provide insight into the molecular cue underlying causes of male infertility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ya-Rui Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei-Hua Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ye-Guang Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan-Nv Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lan Bao
- The Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ahmed Mansouri
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Am Fassberg, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Guo-Liang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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Hoffhines AJ, Jen CH, Leary JA, Moore KL. Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2 expression is required for sulfation of RNase 9 and Mfge8 in vivo. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:3096-3105. [PMID: 19047058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808434200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine sulfation is mediated by two Golgi tyrosyl-protein sulfotransferases (TPST-1 and TPST-2) that are widely expressed in vivo. However, the full substrate repertoire of this enzyme system is unknown and thus, our understanding of the biological role(s) of tyrosine sulfation is limited. We reported that whereas Tpst1(-/-) male mice have normal fertility, Tpst2(-/-) males are infertile despite normal spermatogenesis. However, Tpst2(-/-) sperm are severely defective in their motility in viscous media and in their ability to fertilize eggs. These findings suggest that sulfation of unidentified substrate(s) is crucial for normal sperm function. We therefore sought to identify tyrosine-sulfated proteins in the male genital tract using affinity chromatography on PSG2, an anti-sulfotyrosine monoclonal antibody, followed by mass spectrometry. Among the several candidate tyrosine-sulfated proteins identified, RNase 9 and Mfge8 were examined in detail. RNase 9, a catalytically inactive RNase A family member of unknown function, is expressed only in the epididymis after onset of sexual maturity. Mfge8 is expressed on mouse sperm and Mfge8(-/-) male mice are subfertile. Metabolic labeling coupled with sulfoamino acid analysis confirmed that both proteins are tyrosine-sulfated and both proteins are expressed at comparable levels in wild type, Tpst1(-/-), and Tpst2(-/-) epididymides. However, we demonstrate that RNase 9 and Mfge8 are tyrosine-sulfated in wild type and Tpst1(-/-), but not in Tpst2(-/-) mice. These findings suggest that lack of sulfation of one or both of these proteins may contribute mechanistically to the infertility of Tpst2(-/-) males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Hoffhines
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Constance H Jen
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 94616
| | - Julie A Leary
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 94616; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 94616
| | - Kevin L Moore
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104; Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104; Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104; Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.
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Danan LM, Yu Z, Hoffhines AJ, Moore KL, Leary JA. Mass spectrometric kinetic analysis of human tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-1 and -2. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:1459-66. [PMID: 18672380 PMCID: PMC2767521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine O-sulfation, a widespread post-translational modification, is mediated by two Golgi enzymes, tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-1 and -2. These enzymes catalyze the transfer of sulfate from the universal sulfate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the hydroxyl group of tyrosine residues to form tyrosine O-sulfate ester and PAP. More than 60 proteins have been identified to be tyrosine sulfated including several G protein-coupled receptors, such as CC-chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) that is implicated in allergic inflammation, asthma, and atherogenesis. However, the kinetic properties of purified tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST)-1 and -2 have not been previously reported. Moreover, currently there is no available quantitative TPST assay that can directly monitor individual sulfation of a series of tyrosine residues, which is present in most known substrates. We chose an MS-approach to address this limitation. In this study, a liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS)-based TPST assay was developed to determine the kinetic parameters of individual TPSTs and a mixture of both isozymes using CCR8 peptides as substrates that have three tyrosine residues in series. Our method can differentiate between mono- and disulfated products, and our results show that the K(m,app) for the monosulfated substrate was 5-fold less than the nonsulfated substrate. The development of this method is the initial step in the investigation of kinetic parameters of the sequential tyrosine sulfation of chemokine receptors by TPSTs and in determining its catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieza M. Danan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Zhihao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Adam J. Hoffhines
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Kevin L. Moore
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Department of Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Julie A. Leary
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
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Westmuckett AD, Hoffhines AJ, Borghei A, Moore KL. Early postnatal pulmonary failure and primary hypothyroidism in mice with combined TPST-1 and TPST-2 deficiency. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2008; 156:145-53. [PMID: 18243191 PMCID: PMC2323209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification of an unknown number of secreted and membrane proteins mediated by two known Golgi tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPST-1 and TPST-2). Tpst double knockouts were generated to investigate the importance of tyrosine sulfation in vivo. Double knockouts were born alive at the expected frequency, were normal in size, and their tissues do not synthesize sulfotyrosine. However, most pups die in the early postnatal period with signs of cardiopulmonary insufficiency. A combination of clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological data indicated that lungs of Tpst double knockouts fail to expand at birth resulting in acute pulmonary hypertension, right-to-left shunting, and death by asphyxia in the early postnatal period. Some double knockouts survive the postnatal period, but fail to thrive and display delayed growth that is due in part to hypothyroidism. In addition, we find that Tpst2-/- mice have primary hypothyroidism, but that Tpst1-/- mice are euthyroid. This suggests that a protein(s) required for thyroid hormone production is sulfated and cannot be sulfated in the absence of TPST-2. Thus, Tpst1 and Tpst2 are the only Tpst genes in mice, tyrosine sulfation is required for normal pulmonary function at birth, and TPST-2 is required for normal thyroid gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Westmuckett
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Adam J. Hoffhines
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Atefeh Borghei
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kevin L. Moore
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Corresponding author: Kevin L. Moore, M.D., Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, Phone: (405) 271-7314, FAX: (405) 271-7417, E-Mail:
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HOSODA Y, SASAKI N, AGUI T. Female Infertility in grt Mice is Caused by Thyroid Hormone Deficiency, not by Insufficient TPST2 Activity in the Reproductive Organs. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:1043-9. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi HOSODA
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Nobuya SASAKI
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Takashi AGUI
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Seibert C, Sakmar TP. Toward a framework for sulfoproteomics: Synthesis and characterization of sulfotyrosine-containing peptides. Biopolymers 2007; 90:459-77. [PMID: 17680702 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine sulfation is one of the most common post-translational modifications in secreted and transmembrane proteins and a key modulator of extracellular protein-protein interactions. Several proteins known to be tyrosine sulfated play important roles in physiological processes, and in some cases a direct link between protein function and tyrosine sulfation has been established. In blood coagulation, tyrosine sulfation of factor VIII is required for efficient binding of von Willebrand factor; in leukocyte adhesion, tyrosine sulfation of the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 mediates high-affinity binding to P-selectin; and in leukocyte chemotaxis, tyrosine sulfation of chemokine receptors is required for optimal interaction with chemokine ligands. Furthermore, tyrosine sulfation has been implicated in several infectious diseases. In particular, tyrosine sulfation of the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5 is required for viral entry into host cells and tyrosine sulfation of the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is crucial for erythrocyte invasion by the malaria parasite plasmodium vivax. Despite increasing interest in tyrosine sulfation in recent years, the sulfoproteome still remains largely unexplored. To date, only a relatively small number of sulfotyrosine-containing peptides and proteins have been identified, and a specific role for tyrosine sulfation has not been established for most of these. Here, we provide an overview of the biology and enzymology of tyrosine sulfation and discuss recent developments in preparative and analytical methods that are central to sulfoproteome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Seibert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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