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Prislusky MI, Lam JGT, Contreras VR, Ng M, Chamberlain M, Pathak-Sharma S, Fields M, Zhang X, Amer AO, Seveau S. The septin cytoskeleton is required for plasma membrane repair. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3870-3895. [PMID: 38969946 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair is a fundamental homeostatic process of eukaryotic cells. Here, we report a new function for the conserved cytoskeletal proteins known as septins in the repair of cells perforated by pore-forming toxins or mechanical disruption. Using a silencing RNA screen, we identified known repair factors (e.g. annexin A2, ANXA2) and novel factors such as septin 7 (SEPT7) that is essential for septin assembly. Upon plasma membrane injury, the septin cytoskeleton is extensively redistributed to form submembranous domains arranged as knob and loop structures containing F-actin, myosin IIA, S100A11, and ANXA2. Formation of these domains is Ca2+-dependent and correlates with plasma membrane repair efficiency. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that septins and F-actin form intertwined filaments associated with ANXA2. Depletion of SEPT7 prevented ANXA2 recruitment and formation of submembranous actomyosin domains. However, ANXA2 depletion had no effect on domain formation. Collectively, our data support a novel septin-based mechanism for resealing damaged cells, in which the septin cytoskeleton plays a key structural role in remodeling the plasma membrane by promoting the formation of SEPT/F-actin/myosin IIA/ANXA2/S100A11 repair domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabella Prislusky
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan G T Lam
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Viviana Ruiz Contreras
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Grupo Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Marilynn Ng
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Madeline Chamberlain
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarika Pathak-Sharma
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Madalyn Fields
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Lim JH, Shaikh S, Lee EJ, Choi I. Therapeutic applications of biological macromolecules and scaffolds for skeletal muscle regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131411. [PMID: 38588841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) mass and strength maintenance are important requirements for human well-being. SM regeneration to repair minor injuries depends upon the myogenic activities of muscle satellite (stem) cells. However, losses of regenerative properties following volumetric muscle loss or severe trauma or due to congenital muscular abnormalities are not self-restorable, and thus, these conditions have major healthcare implications and pose clinical challenges. In this context, tissue engineering based on different types of biomaterials and scaffolds provides an encouraging means of structural and functional SM reconstruction. In particular, biomimetic (able to transmit biological signals) and several porous scaffolds are rapidly evolving. Several biological macromolecules/biomaterials (collagen, gelatin, alginate, chitosan, and fibrin etc.) are being widely used for SM regeneration. However, available alternatives for SM regeneration must be redesigned to make them more user-friendly and economically feasible with longer shelf lives. This review aimed to explore the biological aspects of SM regeneration and the roles played by several biological macromolecules and scaffolds in SM regeneration in cases of volumetric muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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Shi J, Wei L. ROCK1 deficiency preserves caveolar compartmentalization of signaling molecules and cell membrane integrity. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:85-102. [PMID: 38463696 PMCID: PMC10918988 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2024-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the roles of ROCK1 in regulating structural and functional features of caveolae located at the cell membrane of cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as well as related physiopathological effects. Caveolae are small bulb-shaped cell membrane invaginations, and their roles have been associated with disease conditions. One of the unique features of caveolae is that they are physically linked to the actin cytoskeleton that is well known to be regulated by RhoA/ROCKs pathway. In cardiomyocytes, we observed that ROCK1 deficiency is coincident with an increased caveolar density, clusters, and caveolar proteins including caveolin-1 and -3. In the mouse cardiomyopathy model with transgenic overexpressing Gαq in myocardium, we demonstrated the reduced caveolar density at cell membrane and reduced caveolar protein contents. Interestingly, coexisting ROCK1 deficiency in cardiomyocytes can rescue these defects and preserve caveolar compartmentalization of β-adrenergic signaling molecules including β1-adrenergic receptor and type V/VI adenylyl cyclase. In cardiomyocytes and adipocytes, we detected that ROCK1 deficiency increased insulin signaling with increased insulin receptor activation in caveolae. In MEFs, we identified that ROCK1 deficiency increased caveolar and total levels of caveolin-1 and cell membrane repair ability after mechanical or chemical disruptions. Together, these results demonstrate that ROCK1 can regulate caveolae plasticity and multiple functions including compartmentalization of signaling molecules and cell membrane repair following membrane disruption by mechanical force and oxidative damage. These findings provide possible molecular insights into the beneficial effects of ROCK1 deletion/inhibition in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, and MEFs under certain diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Shi
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Lei Wei
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Yumura S. Wound Repair of the Cell Membrane: Lessons from Dictyostelium Cells. Cells 2024; 13:341. [PMID: 38391954 PMCID: PMC10886852 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane is frequently subjected to damage, either through physical or chemical means. The swift restoration of the cell membrane's integrity is crucial to prevent the leakage of intracellular materials and the uncontrolled influx of extracellular ions. Consequently, wound repair plays a vital role in cell survival, akin to the importance of DNA repair. The mechanisms involved in wound repair encompass a series of events, including ion influx, membrane patch formation, endocytosis, exocytosis, recruitment of the actin cytoskeleton, and the elimination of damaged membrane sections. Despite the absence of a universally accepted general model, diverse molecular models have been proposed for wound repair in different organisms. Traditional wound methods not only damage the cell membrane but also impact intracellular structures, including the underlying cortical actin networks, microtubules, and organelles. In contrast, the more recent improved laserporation selectively targets the cell membrane. Studies on Dictyostelium cells utilizing this method have introduced a novel perspective on the wound repair mechanism. This review commences by detailing methods for inducing wounds and subsequently reviews recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Yumura
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
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Lisec B, Bozic T, Santek I, Markelc B, Vrecl M, Frangez R, Cemazar M. Characterization of two distinct immortalized endothelial cell lines, EA.hy926 and HMEC-1, for in vitro studies: exploring the impact of calcium electroporation, Ca 2+ signaling and transcriptomic profiles. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:118. [PMID: 38347539 PMCID: PMC10863159 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis after calcium electroporation (CaEP) in tumors has been shown to elicit an enhanced antitumor effect with varying impacts on healthy tissue, such as endothelium. Therefore, our study aimed to determine differences in Ca2+ kinetics and gene expression involved in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis, as well as effects of CaEP on cytoskeleton and adherens junctions of the established endothelial cell lines EA.hy926 and HMEC-1. METHODS CaEP was performed on EA.hy926 and HMEC-1 cells with increasing Ca2+ concentrations. Viability after CaEP was assessed using Presto Blue, while the effect on cytoskeleton and adherens junctions was evaluated via immunofluorescence staining (F-actin, α-tubulin, VE-cadherin). Differences in intracellular Ca2+ regulation ([Ca2+]i) were determined with spectrofluorometric measurements using Fura-2-AM, exposing cells to DPBS, ionomycin, thapsigargin, ATP, bradykinin, angiotensin II, acetylcholine, LaCl3, and GdCl3. Molecular distinctions were identified by analyzing differentially expressed genes and pathways related to the cytoskeleton and Ca2+ signaling through RNA sequencing. RESULTS EA.hy926 cells, at increasing Ca2+ concentrations, displayed higher CaEP susceptibility and lower survival than HMEC-1. Immunofluorescence confirmed CaEP-induced, time- and Ca2+-dependent morphological changes in EA.hy926's actin filaments, microtubules, and cell-cell junctions. Spectrofluorometric Ca2+ kinetics showed higher amplitudes in Ca2+ responses in EA.hy926 exposed to buffer, G protein coupled receptor agonists, bradykinin, and angiotensin II compared to HMEC-1. HMEC-1 exhibited significantly higher [Ca2+]i changes after ionomycin exposure, while responses to thapsigargin, ATP, and acetylcholine were similar in both cell lines. ATP without extracellular Ca2+ ions induced a significantly higher [Ca2+]i rise in EA.hy926, suggesting purinergic ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptor activation. RNA-sequencing analysis showed significant differences in cytoskeleton- and Ca2+-related gene expression, highlighting upregulation of ORAI2, TRPC1, TRPM2, CNGA3, TRPM6, and downregulation of TRPV4 and TRPC4 in EA.hy926 versus HMEC-1. Moreover, KEGG analysis showed upregulated Ca2+ import and downregulated export genes in EA.hy926. CONCLUSIONS Our finding show that significant differences in CaEP response and [Ca2+]i regulation exist between EA.hy926 and HMEC-1, which may be attributed to distinct transcriptomic profiles. EA.hy926, compared to HMEC-1, displayed higher susceptibility and sensitivity to [Ca2+]i changes, which may be linked to overexpression of Ca2+-related genes and an inability to mitigate changes in [Ca2+]i. The study offers a bioinformatic basis for selecting EC models based on research objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lisec
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tim Bozic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Santek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Frangez
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia.
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Prislusky MI, Lam JG, Contreras VR, Ng M, Chamberlain M, Pathak-Sharma S, Fields M, Zhang X, Amer AO, Seveau S. The Septin Cytoskeleton is Required for Plasma Membrane Repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.12.548547. [PMID: 37503091 PMCID: PMC10369955 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells are frequently exposed to mechanical and biochemical stressors resulting in plasma membrane injuries. Repair mechanisms reseal the plasma membrane to restore homeostasis and prevent cell death. In the present work, a silencing RNA screen was performed to uncover plasma membrane repair mechanisms of cells exposed to a pore-forming toxin (listeriolysin O). This screen identified molecules previously known to repair the injured plasma membrane such as annexin A2 (ANXA2) as well as novel plasma membrane repair candidate proteins. Of the novel candidates, we focused on septin 7 (SEPT7) because the septins are an important family of conserved eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins. Using diverse experimental approaches, we established for the first time that SEPT7 plays a general role in plasma membrane repair of cells perforated by pore-forming toxins and mechanical wounding. Remarkably, upon cell injury, the septin cytoskeleton is extensively redistributed in a Ca 2+ -dependent fashion, a hallmark of plasma membrane repair machineries. The septins reorganize into subplasmalemmal domains arranged as knob and loop (or ring) structures containing F-actin, myosin II, and annexin A2 (ANXA2) and protrude from the cell surface. Importantly, the formation of these domains correlates with the plasma membrane repair efficiency. Super-resolution microscopy shows that septins and actin are arranged in intertwined filaments associated with ANXA2. Silencing SEPT7 expression prevented the formation of the F-actin/myosin II/ANXA2 domains, however, silencing expression of ANXA2 had no observable effect on their formation. These results highlight the key structural role of the septins in remodeling the plasma membrane and in the recruitment of the repair molecule ANXA2. Collectively, our data support a novel model in which the septin cytoskeleton acts as a scaffold to promote the formation of plasma membrane repair domains containing contractile F-actin and annexin A2.
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7
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Ojima K, Hata S, Shinkai-Ouchi F, Ono Y, Muroya S. Calpain-3 not only proteolyzes calpain-1 and -2 but also is a substrate for calpain-1 and -2. J Biochem 2023; 174:421-431. [PMID: 37491733 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpain is an intracellular cysteine protease that cleaves its specific substrates in a limited region to modulate cellular function. Calpain-1 (C1) and calpain-2 (C2) are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, but calpain-3 (C3) is a skeletal muscle-specific type. In the course of calpain activation, the N-terminal regions of all three isoforms are clipped off in an intramolecular or intermolecular fashion. C1 proteolyzes C2 to promote further proteolysis, but C2 proteolyzes C1 to suspend C1 proteolysis, indicating the presence of C1-C2 reciprocal proteolysis. However, whether C3 is involved in the calpain proteolysis network is unclear. To address this, we examined whether GFP-tagged C3:C129S (GFP-C3:CS), an inactive protease form of C3, was a substrate for C1 or C2 in HEK cells. Intriguingly, the N-terminal region of C3:CS was cleaved by C1 and C2 at the site identical to that of the C3 autoproteolysis site. Furthermore, the N-terminal clipping of C3:CS by C1 and C2 was observed in mouse skeletal muscle lysates. Meanwhile, C3 preferentially cleaved the N-terminus of C1 over that of C2, and the sizes of these cleaved proteins were identical to their autoproteolysis forms. Our findings suggest an elaborate inter-calpain network to prime and suppress proteolysis of other calpains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Shoji Hata
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagayaku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Fumiko Shinkai-Ouchi
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagayaku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagayaku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Susumu Muroya
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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Mencel ML, Bittner GD. Repair of traumatic lesions to the plasmalemma of neurons and other cells: Commonalities, conflicts, and controversies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114779. [PMID: 37008019 PMCID: PMC10050709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscientists and Cell Biologists have known for many decades that eukaryotic cells, including neurons, are surrounded by a plasmalemma/axolemma consisting of a phospholipid bilayer that regulates trans-membrane diffusion of ions (including calcium) and other substances. Cells often incur plasmalemmal damage via traumatic injury and various diseases. If the damaged plasmalemma is not rapidly repaired within minutes, activation of apoptotic pathways by calcium influx often results in cell death. We review publications reporting what is less-well known (and not yet covered in neuroscience or cell biology textbooks): that calcium influx at the lesion sites ranging from small nm-sized holes to complete axonal transection activates parallel biochemical pathways that induce vesicles/membrane-bound structures to migrate and interact to restore original barrier properties and eventual reestablishment of the plasmalemma. We assess the reliability of, and problems with, various measures (e.g., membrane voltage, input resistance, current flow, tracer dyes, confocal microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy) used individually and in combination to assess plasmalemmal sealing in various cell types (e.g., invertebrate giant axons, oocytes, hippocampal and other mammalian neurons). We identify controversies such as plug versus patch hypotheses that attempt to account for currently available data on the subcellular mechanisms of plasmalemmal repair/sealing. We describe current research gaps and potential future developments, such as much more extensive correlations of biochemical/biophysical measures with sub-cellular micromorphology. We compare and contrast naturally occurring sealing with recently-discovered artificially-induced plasmalemmal sealing by polyethylene glycol (PEG) that bypasses all natural pathways for membrane repair. We assess other recent developments such as adaptive membrane responses in neighboring cells following injury to an adjacent cell. Finally, we speculate how a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in natural and artificial plasmalemmal sealing is needed to develop better clinical treatments for muscular dystrophies, stroke and other ischemic conditions, and various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshal L. Mencel
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - George D. Bittner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: George D. Bittner,
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Role of calcium-sensor proteins in cell membrane repair. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232522. [PMID: 36728029 PMCID: PMC9970828 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane repair is a critical process used to maintain cell integrity and survival from potentially lethal chemical, and mechanical membrane injury. Rapid increases in local calcium levels due to a membrane rupture have been widely accepted as a trigger for multiple membrane-resealing models that utilize exocytosis, endocytosis, patching, and shedding mechanisms. Calcium-sensor proteins, such as synaptotagmins (Syt), dysferlin, S100 proteins, and annexins, have all been identified to regulate, or participate in, multiple modes of membrane repair. Dysfunction of membrane repair from inefficiencies or genetic alterations in these proteins contributes to diseases such as muscular dystrophy (MD) and heart disease. The present review covers the role of some of the key calcium-sensor proteins and their involvement in membrane repair.
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10
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Dynamics of Actin Cytoskeleton and Their Signaling Pathways during Cellular Wound Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193166. [PMID: 36231128 PMCID: PMC9564287 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of wounded cell membranes is essential for cell survival. Upon wounding, actin transiently accumulates at the wound site. The loss of actin accumulation leads to cell death. The mechanism by which actin accumulates at the wound site, the types of actin-related proteins participating in the actin remodeling, and their signaling pathways are unclear. We firstly examined how actin accumulates at a wound site in Dictyostelium cells. Actin assembled de novo at the wound site, independent of cortical flow. Next, we searched for actin- and signal-related proteins targeting the wound site. Fourteen of the examined proteins transiently accumulated at different times. Thirdly, we performed functional analyses using gene knockout mutants or specific inhibitors. Rac, WASP, formin, the Arp2/3 complex, profilin, and coronin contribute to the actin dynamics. Finally, we found that multiple signaling pathways related to TORC2, the Elmo/Doc complex, PIP2-derived products, PLA2, and calmodulin are involved in the actin dynamics for wound repair.
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11
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Jia C, Shi J, Han T, Yu ACH, Qin P. Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Mechanisms of Actin Cytoskeletal Re-modeling in Cells Perforated by Ultrasound-Driven Microbubbles. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:760-777. [PMID: 35190224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To develop new strategies for improving the efficacy and biosafety of sonoporation-based macromolecule delivery, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying plasma membrane re-sealing and function recovery of the cells perforated by ultrasound-driven microbubbles. However, we lack a clear understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the disrupted actin cytoskeleton and its role in the re-sealing of sonoporated cells. Here we used a customized experimental setup for single-pulse ultrasound (133.33-µs duration and 0.70-MPa peak negative pressure) exposure to microbubbles and for real-time recording of single-cell (human umbilical vein endothelial cell) responses by laser confocal microscopic imaging. We found that in reversibly sonoporated cells, the locally disrupted actin cytoskeleton, which was spatially correlated with the perforated plasma membrane, underwent three successive phases (expansion; contraction and re-sealing; and recovery) to re-model and that each phase of the disrupted actin cytoskeleton was approximately synchronized with that of the perforated plasma membrane. Moreover, compared with the closing time of the perforated plasma membrane, the same time was used for the re-sealing of the actin cytoskeleton in mildly sonoporated cells and a longer time was required in moderately sonoporated cells. Further, the generation, directional migration, accumulation and re-polymerization of globular actin polymers during the three phases drove the re-modeling of the actin cytoskeleton. However, in irreversibly sonoporated cells, the actin cytoskeleton, which underwent expansion and no contraction, was progressively de-polymerized and could not be re-sealed. Finally, we found that intracellular calcium transients were essential for the recruitment of globular actin and the re-modeling of the actin cytoskeleton. These results provide new insight into the role of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in the re-sealing of sonoporated cells and serve to guide the design of new strategies for sonoporation-based delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Jia
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Shi
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peng Qin
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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An Overview of Cell Membrane Perforation and Resealing Mechanisms for Localized Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040886. [PMID: 35456718 PMCID: PMC9031838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized and reversible plasma membrane disruption is a promising technique employed for the targeted deposition of exogenous therapeutic compounds for the treatment of disease. Indeed, the plasma membrane represents a significant barrier to successful delivery, and various physical methods using light, sound, and electrical energy have been developed to generate cell membrane perforations to circumvent this issue. To restore homeostasis and preserve viability, localized cellular repair mechanisms are subsequently triggered to initiate a rapid restoration of plasma membrane integrity. Here, we summarize the known emergency membrane repair responses, detailing the salient membrane sealing proteins as well as the underlying cytoskeletal remodeling that follows the physical induction of a localized plasma membrane pore, and we present an overview of potential modulation strategies that may improve targeted drug delivery approaches.
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13
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Aluja D, Delgado-Tomás S, Ruiz-Meana M, Barrabés JA, Inserte J. Calpains as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Myocardial Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084103. [PMID: 35456920 PMCID: PMC9032729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in its treatment, heart failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, evidencing an urgent need for novel mechanism-based targets and strategies. Myocardial hypertrophy, caused by a wide variety of chronic stress stimuli, represents an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure, and its prevention constitutes a clinical objective. Recent studies performed in preclinical animal models support the contribution of the Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases calpains in regulating the hypertrophic process and highlight the feasibility of their long-term inhibition as a pharmacological strategy. In this review, we discuss the existing evidence implicating calpains in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the latest advances in unraveling the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we provide an updated overview of calpain inhibitors that have been explored in preclinical models of cardiac hypertrophy and the progress made in developing new compounds that may serve for testing the efficacy of calpain inhibition in the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aluja
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Sara Delgado-Tomás
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Barrabés
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Inserte
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (S.D.-T.); (M.R.-M.); (J.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934894038
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14
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Childs E, Henry CM, Canton J, Reis e Sousa C. Maintenance and loss of endocytic organelle integrity: mechanisms and implications for antigen cross-presentation. Open Biol 2021; 11:210194. [PMID: 34753318 PMCID: PMC8580422 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The membranes of endosomes, phagosomes and macropinosomes can become damaged by the physical properties of internalized cargo, by active pathogenic invasion or by cellular processes, including endocytic maturation. Loss of membrane integrity is often deleterious and is, therefore, prevented by mitigation and repair mechanisms. However, it can occasionally be beneficial and actively induced by cells. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which cells, in particular phagocytes, try to prevent membrane damage and how, when this fails, they repair or destroy damaged endocytic organelles. We also detail how one type of phagocyte, the dendritic cell, can deliberately trigger localized damage to endocytic organelles to allow for major histocompatibility complex class I presentation of exogenous antigens and initiation of CD8+ T-cell responses to viruses and tumours. Our review highlights mechanisms for the regulation of endocytic organelle membrane integrity at the intersection of cell biology and immunology that could be co-opted for improving vaccination and intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Childs
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Conor M. Henry
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Johnathan Canton
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caetano Reis e Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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15
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Actin Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Single-Cell Wound Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910886. [PMID: 34639226 PMCID: PMC8509258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane protects the eukaryotic cell from its surroundings and is essential for cell viability; thus, it is crucial that membrane disruptions are repaired quickly to prevent immediate dyshomeostasis and cell death. Accordingly, cells have developed efficient repair mechanisms to rapidly reseal ruptures and reestablish membrane integrity. The cortical actin cytoskeleton plays an instrumental role in both plasma membrane resealing and restructuring in response to damage. Actin directly aids membrane repair or indirectly assists auxiliary repair mechanisms. Studies investigating single-cell wound repair have often focused on the recruitment and activation of specialized repair machinery, despite the undeniable need for rapid and dynamic cortical actin modulation; thus, the role of the cortical actin cytoskeleton during wound repair has received limited attention. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of membrane repair mechanisms directly or indirectly involving cortical actin cytoskeletal remodeling.
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16
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Guo J, Liu H, Ju H. A pore-forming protein-induced surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic strategy for dynamic tracing of cell membrane repair. iScience 2021; 24:102980. [PMID: 34485862 PMCID: PMC8403736 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane repair holds significance for maintaining cell survival and homeostasis. To achieve the sensitive visualization of membrane repair process for revealing its mechanism, this work designs a perforation-induced surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) strategy by conjugating Raman reporter (4-mercaptobenzoic acid) loaded gold nanostars with pore-forming protein streptolysin O (SLO) to induce the SERS signal on living cells. The SERS signal obviously decreases with the initiation of membrane repair and the degradation of SLO pores due to the departure of gold-nanostar-conjugated SLO. Thus, the designed strategy can dynamically visualize the complete cell membrane repair and provide a sensitive method to demonstrate the SLO endocytosis- and exocytosis-mediated repairing mechanism. Using DOX-resistant MCF-7 cells as a model, a timely repair-blocking technology for promoting the highly efficient treatment of drug-resistant cancer cells is also proposed. This work opens an avenue for probing the plasma membrane repairing mechanisms and designing the precision therapeutic schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jingxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Huipu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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17
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Hagan ML, Balayan V, McGee-Lawrence ME. Plasma membrane disruption (PMD) formation and repair in mechanosensitive tissues. Bone 2021; 149:115970. [PMID: 33892174 PMCID: PMC8217198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells employ an array of biological mechanisms to detect and respond to mechanical loading in their environment. One such mechanism is the formation of plasma membrane disruptions (PMD), which foster a molecular flux across cell membranes that promotes tissue adaptation. Repair of PMD through an orchestrated activity of molecular machinery is critical for cell survival, and the rate of PMD repair can affect downstream cellular signaling. PMD have been observed to influence the mechanical behavior of skin, alveolar, and gut epithelial cells, aortic endothelial cells, corneal keratocytes and epithelial cells, cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes, neurons, and most recently, bone cells including osteoblasts, periodontal ligament cells, and osteocytes. PMD are therefore positioned to affect the physiological behavior of a wide range of vertebrate organ systems including skeletal and cardiac muscle, skin, eyes, the gastrointestinal tract, the vasculature, the respiratory system, and the skeleton. The purpose of this review is to describe the processes of PMD formation and repair across these mechanosensitive tissues, with a particular emphasis on comparing and contrasting repair mechanisms and downstream signaling to better understand the role of PMD in skeletal mechanobiology. The implications of PMD-related mechanisms for disease and potential therapeutic applications are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Hagan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., CB1101, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vanshika Balayan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., CB1101, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., CB1101, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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18
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Moe A, Holmes W, Golding AE, Zola J, Swider ZT, Edelstein-Keshet L, Bement W. Cross-talk-dependent cortical patterning of Rho GTPases during cell repair. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1417-1432. [PMID: 34133216 PMCID: PMC8351735 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-07-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases such as Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 are important regulators of the cortical cytoskeleton in processes including cell division, locomotion, and repair. In these processes, Rho GTPases assume characteristic patterns wherein the active GTPases occupy mutually exclusive "zones" in the cell cortex. During cell wound repair, for example, a Rho zone encircles the wound edge and is in turn encircled by a Cdc42 zone. Here we evaluated the contributions of cross-talk between Rho and Cdc42 to the patterning of their respective zones in wounded Xenopus oocytes using experimental manipulations in combination with mathematical modeling. The results show that the position of the Cdc42 zone relative to the Rho zone and relative to the wound edge is controlled by the level of Rho activity. In contrast, the outer boundary of the Rho zone is limited by the level of Cdc42 activity. Models based on positive feedback within zones and negative feedback from Rho to the GEF-GAP Abr to Cdc42 capture some, but not all, of the observed behaviors. We conclude that GTPase zone positioning is controlled at the level of Rho activity and we speculate that the Cdc42 zone or something associated with it limits the spread of Rho activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Moe
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - William Holmes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Adriana E Golding
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Jessica Zola
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Zachary T Swider
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Leah Edelstein-Keshet
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - William Bement
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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19
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Annexins and Membrane Repair Dysfunctions in Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105276. [PMID: 34067866 PMCID: PMC8155887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies constitute a group of genetic disorders that cause weakness and progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass. Among them, Miyoshi muscular dystrophy 1 (MMD1), limb girdle muscular dystrophy type R2 (LGMDR2/2B), and LGMDR12 (2L) are characterized by mutation in gene encoding key membrane-repair protein, which leads to severe dysfunctions in sarcolemma repair. Cell membrane disruption is a physiological event induced by mechanical stress, such as muscle contraction and stretching. Like many eukaryotic cells, muscle fibers possess a protein machinery ensuring fast resealing of damaged plasma membrane. Members of the annexins A (ANXA) family belong to this protein machinery. ANXA are small soluble proteins, twelve in number in humans, which share the property of binding to membranes exposing negatively-charged phospholipids in the presence of calcium (Ca2+). Many ANXA have been reported to participate in membrane repair of varied cell types and species, including human skeletal muscle cells in which they may play a collective role in protection and repair of the sarcolemma. Here, we discuss the participation of ANXA in membrane repair of healthy skeletal muscle cells and how dysregulation of ANXA expression may impact the clinical severity of muscular dystrophies.
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20
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Zhuang Q, Fan M, Shen J, Chen Z, Xue D, Lu H, Xu R, He X, Hou J. Overexpression of Capns1 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Correlates with Tumor Progression in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urol Int 2021; 105:697-704. [PMID: 33887737 DOI: 10.1159/000511638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calpain small subunit 1 (Capns1) has shown its correlation with the metastasis and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. However, the expression and function of Capns1 in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been clarified. This study aimed to examine the expression of Capns1 in RCC tissues and cell lines and to assess its role performed in RCC. METHODS Capns1 expression was evaluated in 75 pairs of RCC and matched adjacent non-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of Capns1 in RCC was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The action of Capns1 in the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion of RCC cells and the effects on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 expression were evaluated after Capns1 silence. RESULTS Capns1 expression was significantly higher in RCC tissues compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues. Multivariate analysis showed that Capns1 overexpression was an independent poor prognostic marker in RCC. The silencing of Capns1 prohibited cell adhesion and impaired the migration and invasion ability of 786-O cells in vitro. Furthermore, Capns1 silence reduced MMP2 and MMP9 expression. CONCLUSION Capns1 overexpression predicts poor prognosis and correlates with tumor progression in RCC. Capns1 expression might serve a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Zhuang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Renfang Xu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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21
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Ammendolia DA, Bement WM, Brumell JH. Plasma membrane integrity: implications for health and disease. BMC Biol 2021; 19:71. [PMID: 33849525 PMCID: PMC8042475 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane integrity is essential for cellular homeostasis. In vivo, cells experience plasma membrane damage from a multitude of stressors in the extra- and intra-cellular environment. To avoid lethal consequences, cells are equipped with repair pathways to restore membrane integrity. Here, we assess plasma membrane damage and repair from a whole-body perspective. We highlight the role of tissue-specific stressors in health and disease and examine membrane repair pathways across diverse cell types. Furthermore, we outline the impact of genetic and environmental factors on plasma membrane integrity and how these contribute to disease pathogenesis in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin A Ammendolia
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street PGCRL, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - William M Bement
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John H Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street PGCRL, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada. .,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
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22
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McElhanon KE, Young N, Hampton J, Paleo BJ, Kwiatkowski TA, Beck EX, Capati A, Jablonski K, Gurney T, Perez MAL, Aggarwal R, Oddis CV, Jarjour WN, Weisleder N. Autoantibodies targeting TRIM72 compromise membrane repair and contribute to inflammatory myopathy. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4440-4455. [PMID: 32687067 DOI: 10.1172/jci131721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) involve chronic inflammation of skeletal muscle and subsequent muscle degeneration due to an uncontrolled autoimmune response; however, the mechanisms leading to pathogenesis are not well understood. A compromised sarcolemmal repair process could promote an aberrant exposure of intramuscular antigens with the subsequent initiation of an inflammatory response that contributes to IIM. Using an adoptive transfer mouse model of IIM, we show that sarcolemmal repair is significantly compromised in distal skeletal muscle in the absence of inflammation. We identified autoantibodies against TRIM72 (also known as MG53), a muscle-enriched membrane repair protein, in IIM patient sera and in our mouse model of IIM by ELISA. We found that patient sera with elevated levels of TRIM72 autoantibodies suppress sarcolemmal resealing in healthy skeletal muscle, and depletion of TRIM72 antibodies from these same serum samples rescues sarcolemmal repair capacity. Autoantibodies targeting TRIM72 lead to skeletal muscle fibers with compromised membrane barrier function, providing a continuous source of autoantigens to promote autoimmunity and further amplifying humoral responses. These findings reveal a potential pathogenic mechanism that acts as a feedback loop contributing to the progression of IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E McElhanon
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Nicholas Young
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hampton
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian J Paleo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Thomas A Kwiatkowski
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Eric X Beck
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Ana Capati
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Kyle Jablonski
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Travis Gurney
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Miguel A Lopez Perez
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chester V Oddis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wael N Jarjour
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
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23
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Jahnke VE, Peterson JM, Van Der Meulen JH, Boehler J, Uaesoontrachoon K, Johnston HK, Defour A, Phadke A, Yu Q, Jaiswal JK, Nagaraju K. Mitochondrial dysfunction and consequences in calpain-3-deficient muscle. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:37. [PMID: 33308300 PMCID: PMC7730798 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsense or loss-of-function mutations in the non-lysosomal cysteine protease calpain-3 result in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). While calpain-3 is implicated in muscle cell differentiation, sarcomere formation, and muscle cytoskeletal remodeling, the physiological basis for LGMD2A has remained elusive. METHODS Cell growth, gene expression profiling, and mitochondrial content and function were analyzed using muscle and muscle cell cultures established from healthy and calpain-3-deficient mice. Calpain-3-deficient mice were also treated with PPAR-delta agonist (GW501516) to assess mitochondrial function and membrane repair. The unpaired t test was used to assess the significance of the differences observed between the two groups or treatments. ANOVAs were used to assess significance over time. RESULTS We find that calpain-3 deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the muscles and myoblasts. Calpain-3-deficient myoblasts showed increased proliferation, and their gene expression profile showed aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis. Myotube gene expression analysis further revealed altered lipid metabolism in calpain-3-deficient muscle. Mitochondrial defects were validated in vitro and in vivo. We used GW501516 to improve mitochondrial biogenesis in vivo in 7-month-old calpain-3-deficient mice. This treatment improved satellite cell activity as indicated by increased MyoD and Pax7 mRNA expression. It also decreased muscle fatigability and reduced serum creatine kinase levels. The decreased mitochondrial function also impaired sarcolemmal repair in the calpain-3-deficient skeletal muscle. Improving mitochondrial activity by acute pyruvate treatment improved sarcolemmal repair. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that calpain-3 deficiency in the skeletal muscle is associated with poor mitochondrial biogenesis and function resulting in poor sarcolemmal repair. Addressing this deficit by drugs that improve mitochondrial activity offers new therapeutic avenues for LGMD2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Jahnke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jennifer M Peterson
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jack H Van Der Meulen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jessica Boehler
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kitipong Uaesoontrachoon
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Helen K Johnston
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Aurelia Defour
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Aditi Phadke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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24
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Ojima K, Hata S, Shinkai-Ouchi F, Oe M, Muroya S, Sorimachi H, Ono Y. Developing fluorescence sensor probe to capture activated muscle-specific calpain-3 (CAPN3) in living muscle cells. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio048975. [PMID: 32801165 PMCID: PMC7489760 DOI: 10.1242/bio.048975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain-3 (CAPN3) is a muscle-specific type of calpain whose protease activity is triggered by Ca2+ Here, we developed CAPN3 sensor probes (SPs) to detect activated-CAPN3 using a fluorescence/Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique. In our SPs, partial amino acid sequence of calpastatin, endogenous CAPN inhibitor but CAPN3 substrate, is inserted between two different fluorescence proteins that cause FRET. Biochemical and spectral studies revealed that CAPN3 cleaved SPs and changed emission wavelengths of SPs. Importantly, SPs were scarcely cleaved by CAPN1 and CAPN2. Furthermore, our SP successfully captured the activation of endogenous CAPN3 in living myotubes treated with ouabain. Our SPs would become a promising tool to detect the dynamics of CAPN3 protease activity in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ojima
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 305-0901 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoji Hata
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 156-8506 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Shinkai-Ouchi
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 156-8506 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Oe
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 305-0901 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Susumu Muroya
- Muscle Biology Research Unit, Division of Animal Products Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 305-0901 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 156-8506 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 156-8506 Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Piper AK, Sophocleous RA, Ross SE, Evesson FJ, Saleh O, Bournazos A, Yasa J, Reed C, Woolger N, Sluyter R, Greer P, Biro M, Lemckert FA, Cooper ST. Loss of calpains-1 and -2 prevents repair of plasma membrane scrape injuries, but not small pores, and induces a severe muscular dystrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1226-C1237. [PMID: 32348180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00408.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous calpains, calpain-1 and -2, play important roles in Ca2+-dependent membrane repair. Mechanically active tissues like skeletal muscle are particularly reliant on mechanisms to repair and remodel membrane injury, such as those caused by eccentric damage. We demonstrate that calpain-1 and -2 are master effectors of Ca2+-dependent repair of mechanical plasma membrane scrape injuries, although they are dispensable for repair/removal of small wounds caused by pore-forming agents. Using CRISPR gene-edited human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell lines, we established that loss of both calpains-1 and -2 (CAPNS1-/-) virtually ablates Ca2+-dependent repair of mechanical scrape injuries but does not affect injury or recovery from perforation by streptolysin-O or saponin. In contrast, cells with targeted knockout of either calpain-1 (CAPN1-/-) or -2 (CAPN2-/-) show near-normal repair of mechanical injuries, inferring that both calpain-1 and calpain-2 are equally capable of conducting the cascade of proteolytic cleavage events to reseal a membrane injury, including that of the known membrane repair agent dysferlin. A severe muscular dystrophy in a murine model with skeletal muscle knockout of Capns1 highlights vital roles for calpain-1 and/or -2 for health and viability of skeletal muscles not compensated for by calpain-3 (CAPN3). We propose that the dystrophic phenotype relates to loss of maintenance of plasma membrane/cytoskeletal networks by calpains-1 and -2 in response to directed and dysfunctional Ca2+-signaling, pathways hyperstimulated in the context of membrane injury. With CAPN1 variants associated with spastic paraplegia, a severe dystrophy observed with muscle-specific loss of calpain-1 and -2 activity identifies CAPN2 and CAPNS1 as plausible candidate neuromuscular disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Piper
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reece A Sophocleous
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel E Ross
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances J Evesson
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Omar Saleh
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Bournazos
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joe Yasa
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudia Reed
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Woolger
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Level 3, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances A Lemckert
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Medical Research Institute, Functional Neuromics, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Koerdt SN, Ashraf APK, Gerke V. Annexins and plasma membrane repair. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 84:43-65. [PMID: 31610865 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane wound repair is a cell-autonomous process that is triggered by Ca2+ entering through the site of injury and involves membrane resealing, i.e., re-establishment of a continuous plasma membrane, as well as remodeling of the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Among other things, the injury-induced Ca2+ elevation initiates the wound site recruitment of Ca2+-regulated proteins that function in the course of repair. Annexins are a class of such Ca2+-regulated proteins. They associate with acidic phospholipids of cellular membranes in their Ca2+ bound conformation with Ca2+ sensitivities ranging from the low to high micromolar range depending on the respective annexin protein. Annexins accumulate at sites of plasma membrane injury in a temporally controlled manner and are thought to function by controlling membrane rearrangements at the wound site, most likely in conjunction with other repair proteins such as dysferlin. Their role in membrane repair, which has been evidenced in several model systems, will be discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Koerdt
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Arsila P K Ashraf
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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27
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Brito C, Cabanes D, Sarmento Mesquita F, Sousa S. Mechanisms protecting host cells against bacterial pore-forming toxins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1319-1339. [PMID: 30591958 PMCID: PMC6420883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are key virulence determinants produced and secreted by a variety of human bacterial pathogens. They disrupt the plasma membrane (PM) by generating stable protein pores, which allow uncontrolled exchanges between the extracellular and intracellular milieus, dramatically disturbing cellular homeostasis. In recent years, many advances were made regarding the characterization of conserved repair mechanisms that allow eukaryotic cells to recover from mechanical disruption of the PM membrane. However, the specificities of the cell recovery pathways that protect host cells against PFT-induced damage remain remarkably elusive. During bacterial infections, the coordinated action of such cell recovery processes defines the outcome of infected cells and is, thus, critical for our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis. Here, we review the cellular pathways reported to be involved in the response to bacterial PFTs and discuss their impact in single-cell recovery and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Brito
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Sarmento Mesquita
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sandra Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Chen Z, Boor PJ, Finnerty CC, Herndon DN, Albrecht T. Calpain-mediated cleavage of p53 in human cytomegalovirus-infected lung fibroblasts. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:151-166. [PMID: 32123827 PMCID: PMC6996331 DOI: 10.1096/fba.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous fragments of p53 protein were identified in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected human lung fibroblasts, particularly a 44-kDa N-terminal fragment [hereafter referred to as p53(ΔCp44)], generated via calpain cleavage. The fragment abundance increased in a biphasic manner, peaking at 6-9 hours and 48 hours post infection. Treatment of LU cells with calpain inhibitors eliminated most detectable p53 fragments. In cell-free experiments, exogenous m-calpain cleavage generated p53(ΔCp44). Attempts to preserve p53 proteins by treating cells with the calpain inhibitor E64d for 6 hours before harvesting increased the sensitivity of p53 to calpain cleavage. p53 in mock-infected cell lysates was much more sensitive to cleavage and degradation by exogenous calpain than that in HCMV-infected cells. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 stabilized p53(ΔCp44), particularly in mock-infected cells. p53(ΔCp44) appeared to be tightly associated with a chromatin-rich fraction. The abundance of p53β was unchanged over a 96-h time course and very similar in mock- and HCMV-infected cells, making it unlikely that p53(ΔCp44) was p53β. The biological activities of this and other fragments lacking C-terminal sequences are unknown, but deserve further investigation, given the association of p53(ΔCp44) with the chromatin-rich (or buffer C insoluble) fraction in HCMV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Chen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
| | - Paul J. Boor
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—GalvestonGalvestonTexas
| | - Celeste C. Finnerty
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—GalvestonGalvestonTexas
| | - David N. Herndon
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—GalvestonGalvestonTexas
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
- Infectious Disease and Toxicology Optical Imaging CoreUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
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29
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Horn A, Jaiswal JK. Cellular mechanisms and signals that coordinate plasma membrane repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3751-3770. [PMID: 30051163 PMCID: PMC6541445 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane forms the barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment. Cells constantly and selectively transport molecules across their plasma membrane without disrupting it. Any disruption in the plasma membrane compromises its selective permeability and is lethal, if not rapidly repaired. There is a growing understanding of the organelles, proteins, lipids, and small molecules that help cells signal and efficiently coordinate plasma membrane repair. This review aims to summarize how these subcellular responses are coordinated and how cellular signals generated due to plasma membrane injury interact with each other to spatially and temporally coordinate repair. With the involvement of calcium and redox signaling in single cell and tissue repair, we will discuss how these and other related signals extend from single cell repair to tissue level repair. These signals link repair processes that are activated immediately after plasma membrane injury with longer term processes regulating repair and regeneration of the damaged tissue. We propose that investigating cell and tissue repair as part of a continuum of wound repair mechanisms would be of value in treating degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Horn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010-2970, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010-2970, USA.
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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30
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Barthélémy F, Defour A, Lévy N, Krahn M, Bartoli M. Muscle Cells Fix Breaches by Orchestrating a Membrane Repair Ballet. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 5:21-28. [PMID: 29480214 PMCID: PMC5836414 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-170251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle undergoes many micro-membrane lesions at physiological state. Based on their sizes and magnitude these lesions are repaired via different complexes on a specific spatio-temporal manner. One of the major repair complex is a dysferlin-dependent mechanism. Accordingly, mutations in the DYSF gene encoding dysferlin results in the development of several muscle pathologies called dysferlinopathies, where abnormalities of the membrane repair process have been characterized in patients and animal models. Recent efforts have been deployed to decipher the function of dysferlin, they shed light on its direct implication in sarcolemma resealing after injuries. These discoveries served as a strong ground to design therapeutic approaches for dysferlin-deficient patients. This review detailed the different partners and function of dysferlin and positions the sarcolemma repair in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Barthélémy
- Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aurélia Defour
- Aix Marseille University, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix Marseille University, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Krahn
- Aix Marseille University, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bartoli
- Aix Marseille University, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, France
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31
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Lapaquette P, Fritah S, Lhocine N, Andrieux A, Nigro G, Mounier J, Sansonetti P, Dejean A. Shigella entry unveils a calcium/calpain-dependent mechanism for inhibiting sumoylation. eLife 2017; 6:27444. [PMID: 29231810 PMCID: PMC5745084 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the sumoylation/desumoylation equilibrium is associated with several disease states such as cancer and infections, however the mechanisms regulating the global SUMO balance remain poorly defined. Here, we show that infection by Shigella flexneri, the causative agent of human bacillary dysentery, switches off host sumoylation during epithelial cell infection in vitro and in vivo and that this effect is mainly mediated by a calcium/calpain-induced cleavage of the SUMO E1 enzyme SAE2, thus leading to sumoylation inhibition. Furthermore, we describe a mechanism by which Shigella promotes its own invasion by altering the sumoylation state of RhoGDIα, a master negative regulator of RhoGTPase activity and actin polymerization. Together, our data suggest that SUMO modification is essential to restrain pathogenic bacterial entry by limiting cytoskeletal rearrangement induced by bacterial effectors. Moreover, these findings identify calcium-activated calpains as powerful modulators of cellular sumoylation levels with potentially broad implications in several physiological and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lapaquette
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, U993, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Fritah
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, U993, Paris, France
| | - Nouara Lhocine
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, U786, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Andrieux
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, U993, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, U786, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Mounier
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, U786, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, U786, Paris, France
| | - Anne Dejean
- Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, U993, Paris, France
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32
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McElhanon KE, Bhattacharya S. Altered membrane integrity in the progression of muscle diseases. Life Sci 2017; 192:166-172. [PMID: 29183798 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcolemmal integrity is orchestrated through the interplay of preserving membrane strength and fast tracking the membrane repair process during an event of compromised membrane fragility. Several molecular players have been identified that act in a concerted fashion to maintain the barrier function of the muscle membrane. Substantial research findings in the field of muscle biology point out the importance of maintaining membrane integrity as a key contributory factor to cellular homeostasis. Innumerable data on the progression of membrane pathology associated with compromised muscle membrane integrity support targeting sarcolemmal integrity in skeletal and cardiac muscle as a model therapeutic strategy to alleviate some of the pathologic conditions. This review will discuss strategies that researchers have undertaken to compensate for an imbalance in sarcolemma membrane fragility and membrane repair to maintain muscle membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E McElhanon
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210-1252, United States
| | - Sayak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 473 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210-1252, United States.
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33
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Cooper ST. Ca 2+ and mitochondrial ROS: Both hero and villain in membrane repair. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/495/eaao3795. [PMID: 28874605 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane repair is a symphony of signaling, conducted principally by the steep influx of Ca2+ through an injured membrane. In this issue of Science Signaling, Horn et al reveal unique interplay between Ca2+ influx and mitochondrially generated reactive oxygen species (mtROS) to enhance actin-mediated wound closure for survival of injured mammalian muscle and nonmuscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia. .,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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34
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Plasma membrane repair: the adaptable cell life-insurance. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 47:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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35
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Lam PM, Carlsen J, González MI. A calpain inhibitor ameliorates seizure burden in an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 102:1-10. [PMID: 28237317 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used the pilocarpine model of epilepsy to evaluate the involvement of calpain dysregulation on epileptogenesis. Detection of spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs, a hallmark of calpain activation) after induction of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) and before appearance of spontaneous seizure suggested the existence of sustained calpain activation during epileptogenesis. Acute treatment with a cell permeable inhibitor of calpain, MDL-28170, resulted in a partial but significant reduction on seizure burden. The reduction on seizure burden was associated with a limited reduction on the generation of SBDPs but was correlated with a reduction in astrocytosis, microglia activation and cell sprouting. Together, these observations provide evidence for the role of calpain in epileptogenesis. In addition, provide proof-of-principle for the use of calpain inhibitors as a novel strategy to prevent epileptic seizures and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Translational Epilepsy Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica Carlsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Translational Epilepsy Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marco I González
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Translational Epilepsy Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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36
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Kim JY, Lee N, Kim YJ, Cho Y, An H, Oh E, Cho TM, Sung D, Seo JH. Disulfiram induces anoikis and suppresses lung colonization in triple-negative breast cancer via calpain activation. Cancer Lett 2017; 386:151-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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37
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Enrich C, Rentero C, Meneses-Salas E, Tebar F, Grewal T. Annexins: Ca 2+ Effectors Determining Membrane Trafficking in the Late Endocytic Compartment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 981:351-385. [PMID: 29594868 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the discovery of annexins 40 years ago, we are just beginning to understand some of the functions of these still enigmatic proteins. Defined and characterized by their ability to bind anionic membrane lipids in a Ca2+-dependent manner, each annexin has to be considered a multifunctional protein, with a multitude of cellular locations and diverse activities. Underlying causes for this considerable functional diversity include their capability to associate with multiple cytosolic and membrane proteins. In recent years, the increasingly recognized establishment of membrane contact sites between subcellular compartments opens a new scenario for annexins as instrumental players to link Ca2+ signalling with the integration of membrane trafficking in many facets of cell physiology. In this chapter, we review and discuss current knowledge on the contribution of annexins in the biogenesis and functioning of the late endocytic compartment, affecting endo- and exocytic pathways in a variety of physiological consequences ranging from membrane repair, lysosomal exocytosis, to cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (CELLEX), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (CELLEX), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elsa Meneses-Salas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (CELLEX), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (CELLEX), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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38
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Liberman M, Marti LC. Vascular Calcification Regulation by Exosomes in the Vascular Wall. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 998:151-160. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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39
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Annexin A2 is involved in Ca 2+-dependent plasma membrane repair in primary human endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:1046-1053. [PMID: 27956131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many cells in an organism are exposed to constant and acute mechanical stress that can induce plasma membrane injuries. These plasma membrane wounds have to be resealed rapidly to guarantee cell survival. Plasma membrane resealing in response to mechanical strain has been studied in some detail in muscle, where it is required for efficient recovery after insult. However, less is known about the capacity of other cell types and tissues to perform membrane repair and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we show that vascular endothelial cells, which are subject to profound mechanical burden, can reseal plasma membrane holes inflicted by laser ablation. Resealing in endothelial cells is a Ca2+-dependent process, as it is inhibited when cells are wounded in Ca2+-free medium. We also show that annexin A1 (AnxA1), AnxA2 and AnxA6, Ca2+-regulated membrane binding proteins previously implicated in membrane resealing in other cell types, are rapidly recruited to the site of plasma membrane injury. S100A11, a known protein ligand of AnxA1, is also recruited to endothelial plasma membrane wounds, albeit with a different kinetic. Mutant expression experiments reveal that Ca2+ binding to AnxA2, the most abundant endothelial annexin, is required for translocation of the protein to the wound site. Furthermore, we show by knock-down and rescue experiments that AnxA2 is a positive regulator of plasma membrane resealing. Thus, vascular endothelial cells are capable of active, Ca2+-dependent plasma membrane resealing and this process requires the activity of AnxA2.
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40
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Blazek AD, Paleo BJ, Weisleder N. Plasma Membrane Repair: A Central Process for Maintaining Cellular Homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:438-48. [PMID: 26525343 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane repair is a conserved cellular response mediating active resealing of membrane disruptions to maintain homeostasis and prevent cell death and progression of multiple diseases. Cell membrane repair repurposes mechanisms from various cellular functions, including vesicle trafficking, exocytosis, and endocytosis, to mend the broken membrane. Recent studies increased our understanding of membrane repair by establishing the molecular machinery contributing to membrane resealing. Here, we review some of the key proteins linked to cell membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa D Blazek
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian J Paleo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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41
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Boye TL, Nylandsted J. Annexins in plasma membrane repair. Biol Chem 2016; 397:961-9. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Disruption of the plasma membrane poses deadly threat to eukaryotic cells and survival requires a rapid membrane repair system. Recent evidence reveal various plasma membrane repair mechanisms, which are required for cells to cope with membrane lesions including membrane fusion and replacement strategies, remodeling of cortical actin cytoskeleton and vesicle wound patching. Members of the annexin protein family, which are Ca2+-triggered phospholipid-binding proteins emerge as important components of the plasma membrane repair system. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of plasma membrane repair involving annexins spanning from yeast to human cancer cells.
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42
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Zielichowska A, Daczewska M, Saczko J, Michel O, Kulbacka J. Applications of calcium electroporation to effective apoptosis induction in fibrosarcoma cells and stimulation of normal muscle cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 109:70-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Kapustin AN, Shanahan CM. Emerging roles for vascular smooth muscle cell exosomes in calcification and coagulation. J Physiol 2016; 594:2905-14. [PMID: 26864864 DOI: 10.1113/jp271340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic conversion from a contractile to 'synthetic' state contributes to vascular pathologies including restenosis, atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. We have recently found that the secretion of exosomes is a feature of 'synthetic' VSMCs and that exosomes are novel players in vascular repair processes as well as pathological vascular thrombosis and calcification. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors as well as mineral imbalance stimulate exosome secretion by VSMCs, most likely by the activation of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3) and cytoskeletal remodelling. Calcium stress induces dramatic changes in VSMC exosome composition and accumulation of phosphatidylserine (PS), annexin A6 and matrix metalloproteinase-2, which converts exosomes into a nidus for calcification. In addition, by presenting PS, VSMC exosomes can also provide the catalytic surface for the activation of coagulation factors. Recent data showing that VSMC exosomes are loaded with proteins and miRNA regulating cell adhesion and migration highlight VSMC exosomes as potentially important communication messengers in vascular repair. Thus, the identification of signalling pathways regulating VSMC exosome secretion, including activation of SMPD3 and cytoskeletal rearrangements, opens up novel avenues for a deeper understanding of vascular remodelling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Kapustin
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C M Shanahan
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
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44
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Levine J, Kwon E, Paez P, Yan W, Czerwieniec G, Loo JA, Sofroniew MV, Wanner IB. Traumatically injured astrocytes release a proteomic signature modulated by STAT3-dependent cell survival. Glia 2015; 64:668-94. [PMID: 26683444 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular markers associated with CNS injury are of diagnostic interest. Mechanical trauma generates cellular deformation associated with membrane permeability with unknown molecular consequences. We used an in vitro model of stretch-injury and proteomic analyses to determine protein changes in murine astrocytes and their surrounding fluids. Abrupt pressure-pulse stretching resulted in the rapid release of 59 astrocytic proteins with profiles reflecting cell injury and cell death, i.e., mechanoporation and cell lysis. This acute trauma-release proteome was overrepresented with metabolic proteins compared with the uninjured cellular proteome, bearing relevance for post-traumatic metabolic depression. Astrocyte-specific deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3-CKO) resulted in reduced stretch-injury tolerance, elevated necrosis and increased protein release. Consistent with more lysed cells, more protein complexes, nuclear and transport proteins were released from STAT3-CKO versus nontransgenic astrocytes. STAT3-CKO astrocytes had reduced basal expression of GFAP, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), aldolase C (ALDOC), and astrocytic phosphoprotein 15 (PEA15), and elevated levels of tropomyosin (TPM4) and α actinin 4 (ACTN4). Stretching caused STAT3-dependent cellular depletion of PEA15 and GFAP, and its filament disassembly in subpopulations of injured astrocytes. PEA15 and ALDOC signals were low in injured astrocytes acutely after mouse spinal cord crush injury and were robustly expressed in reactive astrocytes 1 day postinjury. In contrast, α crystallin (CRYAB) was present in acutely injured astrocytes, and absent from uninjured and reactive astrocytes, demonstrating novel marker differences among postinjury astrocytes. These findings reveal a proteomic signature of traumatically-injured astrocytes reflecting STAT3-dependent cellular survival with potential diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclynn Levine
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eunice Kwon
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pablo Paez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, Buffalo, New York
| | - Weihong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregg Czerwieniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ina-Beate Wanner
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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45
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Jaiswal JK, Nylandsted J. S100 and annexin proteins identify cell membrane damage as the Achilles heel of metastatic cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:502-9. [PMID: 25565331 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2014.995495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical activity of cells and the stress imposed on them by extracellular environment is a constant source of injury to the plasma membrane (PM). In invasive tumor cells, increased motility together with the harsh environment of the tumor stroma further increases the risk of PM injury. The impact of these stresses on tumor cell plasma membrane and mechanism by which tumor cells repair the PM damage are poorly understood. Ca(2+) entry through the injured PM initiates repair of the PM. Depending on the cell type, different organelles and proteins respond to this Ca(2+) entry and facilitate repair of the damaged plasma membrane. We recently identified that proteins expressed in various metastatic cancers including Ca(2+)-binding EF hand protein S100A11 and its binding partner annexin A2 are used by tumor cells for plasma membrane repair (PMR). Here we will discuss the involvement of S100, annexin proteins and their regulation of actin cytoskeleton, leading to PMR. Additionally, we will show that another S100 member--S100A4 accumulates at the injured PM. These findings reveal a new role for the S100 and annexin protein up regulation in metastatic cancers and identify these proteins and PMR as targets for treating metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti K Jaiswal
- a Center for Genetic Medicine Research ; Children's National Medical Center ; Washington , DC USA
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46
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Calcium signaling in membrane repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:24-31. [PMID: 26519113 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resealing allows cells to mend damaged membranes rapidly when plasma membrane (PM) disruptions occur. Models of PM repair mechanisms include the "lipid-patch", "endocytic removal", and "macro-vesicle shedding" models, all of which postulate a dependence on local increases in intracellular Ca(2+) at injury sites. Multiple calcium sensors, including synaptotagmin (Syt) VII, dysferlin, and apoptosis-linked gene-2 (ALG-2), are involved in PM resealing, suggesting that Ca(2+) may regulate multiple steps of the repair process. Although earlier studies focused exclusively on external Ca(2+), recent studies suggest that Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores may also be important for PM resealing. Hence, depending on injury size and the type of injury, multiple sources of Ca(2+) may be recruited to trigger and orchestrate repair processes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which the resealing process is promoted by vesicular Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) sensors that accumulate at damage sites.
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47
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have been confronted throughout their evolution with potentially lethal plasma membrane injuries, including those caused by osmotic stress, by infection from bacterial toxins and parasites, and by mechanical and ischemic stress. The wounded cell can survive if a rapid repair response is mounted that restores boundary integrity. Calcium has been identified as the key trigger to activate an effective membrane repair response that utilizes exocytosis and endocytosis to repair a membrane tear, or remove a membrane pore. We here review what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of membrane repair, with particular emphasis on the relevance of repair as it relates to disease pathologies. Collective evidence reveals membrane repair employs primitive yet robust molecular machinery, such as vesicle fusion and contractile rings, processes evolutionarily honed for simplicity and success. Yet to be fully understood is whether core membrane repair machinery exists in all cells, or whether evolutionary adaptation has resulted in multiple compensatory repair pathways that specialize in different tissues and cells within our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paul L McNeil
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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48
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Wan F, Letavernier E, Le Saux CJ, Houssaini A, Abid S, Czibik G, Sawaki D, Marcos E, Dubois-Rande JL, Baud L, Adnot S, Derumeaux G, Gellen B. Calpastatin overexpression impairs postinfarct scar healing in mice by compromising reparative immune cell recruitment and activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1883-93. [PMID: 26453333 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00594.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the calpain system is involved in the repair process following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the impact of the inhibition of calpain by calpastatin, its natural inhibitor, on scar healing and left ventricular (LV) remodeling is elusive. Male mice ubiquitously overexpressing calpastatin (TG) and wild-type (WT) controls were subjected to an anterior coronary artery ligation. Mortality at 6 wk was higher in TG mice (24% in WT vs. 44% in TG, P < 0.05) driven by a significantly higher incidence of cardiac rupture during the first week post-MI, despite comparable infarct size and LV dysfunction and dilatation. Calpain activation post-MI was blunted in TG myocardium. In TG mice, inflammatory cell infiltration and activation were reduced in the infarct zone (IZ), particularly affecting M2 macrophages and CD4(+) T cells, which are crucial for scar healing. To elucidate the role of calpastatin overexpression in macrophages, we stimulated peritoneal macrophages obtained from TG and WT mice in vitro with IL-4, yielding an abrogated M2 polarization in TG but not in WT cells. Lymphopenic Rag1(-/-) mice receiving TG splenocytes before MI demonstrated decreased T-cell recruitment and M2 macrophage activation in the IZ day 5 after MI compared with those receiving WT splenocytes. Calpastatin overexpression prevented the activation of the calpain system after MI. It also impaired scar healing, promoted LV rupture, and increased mortality. Defective scar formation was associated with blunted CD4(+) T-cell and M2-macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Tenon Hospital, Paris, France; Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75020, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Unités Mixtes de Recherche Scientifique 1155, Paris, France; and
| | - Claude Jourdan Le Saux
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Amal Houssaini
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Shariq Abid
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Gabor Czibik
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Rande
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitairé Ageing Thorax-Vessels Blood (DHU A-TVB), Department of Physiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France; DHU A-TVB, Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Tenon Hospital, Paris, France; Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75020, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Unités Mixtes de Recherche Scientifique 1155, Paris, France; and
| | - Serge Adnot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitairé Ageing Thorax-Vessels Blood (DHU A-TVB), Department of Physiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitairé Ageing Thorax-Vessels Blood (DHU A-TVB), Department of Physiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Université Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France; DHU A-TVB, Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France; Department of Cardiology, Poitiers University Hospital, F-86000, Poitiers, France
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49
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Plasma membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics during single-cell wound healing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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50
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Nishida K, Yamaguchi O, Otsu K. Degradation systems in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 84:212-22. [PMID: 25981331 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or the ejection of blood, and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. The mechanisms underlying the development of heart failure are multiple, complex and not well understood. Cardiac mass and its homeostasis are maintained by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation, and an imbalance is likely to result in cellular dysfunction and disease. The protein degradation systems are the principle mechanisms for maintaining cellular homeostasis via protein quality control. Three major protein degradation systems have been identified, namely the calpain system, autophagy, and the ubiquitin proteasome system. Proinflammatory mediators involve the development and progression of heart failure. DNA and RNA degradation systems play a critical role in regulating inflammation and maintaining cellular homeostasis mediated by damaged DNA clearance and posttranscriptional regulation, respectively. This review discusses some recent advances in understanding the role of these degradation systems in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nishida
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK.
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