1
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Yee CS, Meliadis C, Kaya S, Chang W, Alliston T. The osteocytic actions of glucocorticoids on bone mass, mechanical properties, or perilacunar remodeling outcomes are not rescued by PTH(1-34). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1342938. [PMID: 39092287 PMCID: PMC11291448 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1342938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are widely used therapeutic endocrine hormones where their effects on bone and joint arise from actions on multiple skeletal cell types. In osteocytes, GC and PTH exert opposing effects on perilacunar canalicular remodeling (PLR). Suppressed PLR can impair bone quality and joint homeostasis, including in GC-induced osteonecrosis. However, combined effects of GC and PTH on PLR are unknown. Given the untapped potential to target osteocytes to improve skeletal health, this study sought to test the feasibility of therapeutically mitigating PLR suppression. Focusing on subchondral bone and joint homeostasis, we hypothesize that PTH(1-34), a PLR agonist, could rescue GC-suppressed PLR. The skeletal effects of GC and PTH(1-34), alone or combined, were examined in male and female mice by micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, histology, and gene expression analysis. For each outcome, females were more responsive to GC and PTH(1-34) than males. GC and PTH(1-34) exerted regional differences, with GC increasing trabecular bone volume but reducing cortical bone thickness, stiffness, and ultimate force. Despite PTH(1-34)'s anabolic effects on trabecular bone, it did not rescue GC's catabolic effects on cortical bone. Likewise, cartilage integrity and subchondral bone apoptosis, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, and osteocyte lacunocanalicular networks showed no evidence that PTH(1-34) could offset GC-dependent effects. Rather, GC and PTH(1-34) each increased cortical bone gene expression implicated in bone resorption by osteoclasts and osteocytes, including Acp5, Mmp13, Atp6v0d2, Ctsk, differences maintained when GC and PTH(1-34) were combined. Since PTH(1-34) is insufficient to rescue GC's effects on young female mouse bone, future studies are needed to determine if osteocyte PLR suppression, due to GC, aging, or other factors, can be offset by a PLR agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristal S. Yee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christoforos Meliadis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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2
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Koh NYY, Miszkiewicz JJ, Fac ML, Wee NKY, Sims NA. Preclinical Rodent Models for Human Bone Disease, Including a Focus on Cortical Bone. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:493-520. [PMID: 38315213 PMCID: PMC11244217 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical models (typically ovariectomized rats and genetically altered mice) have underpinned much of what we know about skeletal biology. They have been pivotal for developing therapies for osteoporosis and monogenic skeletal conditions, including osteogenesis imperfecta, achondroplasia, hypophosphatasia, and craniodysplasias. Further therapeutic advances, particularly to improve cortical strength, require improved understanding and more rigorous use and reporting. We describe here how trabecular and cortical bone structure develop, are maintained, and degenerate with aging in mice, rats, and humans, and how cortical bone structure is changed in some preclinical models of endocrine conditions (eg, postmenopausal osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, diabetes). We provide examples of preclinical models used to identify and test current therapies for osteoporosis, and discuss common concerns raised when comparing rodent preclinical models to the human skeleton. We focus especially on cortical bone, because it differs between small and larger mammals in its organizational structure. We discuss mechanisms common to mouse and human controlling cortical bone strength and structure, including recent examples revealing genetic contributors to cortical porosity and osteocyte network configurations during growth, maturity, and aging. We conclude with guidelines for clear reporting on mouse models with a goal for better consistency in the use and interpretation of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Y Y Koh
- Bone Cell Biology & Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Vertebrate Evolution Development and Ecology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Louise Fac
- Bone Cell Biology & Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Natalie K Y Wee
- Bone Cell Biology & Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Bone Cell Biology & Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
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3
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Kimura Y, Nakai Y, Ino Y, Akiyama T, Moriyama K, Ohira T, Saito T, Inaba Y, Kumagai K, Ryo A, Hirano H. Identification of gravity-responsive serum proteins in spaceflight mice using a quantitative proteomic approach with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300214. [PMID: 38475964 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Physical inactivity associated with gravity unloading, such as microgravity during spaceflight and hindlimb unloading (HU), can cause various physiological changes. In this study, we attempted to identify serum proteins whose levels fluctuated in response to gravity unloading. First, we quantitatively assessed changes in the serum proteome profiles of spaceflight mice using mass spectrometry with data-independent acquisition. The serum levels of several proteins involved in the responses to estrogen and glucocorticoid, blood vessel maturation, osteoblast differentiation, and ossification were changed by microgravity exposure. Furthermore, a collective evaluation of serum proteomic data from spaceflight and HU mice identified 30 serum proteins, including Mmp2, Igfbp2, Tnc, Cdh5, and Pmel, whose levels varied to a similar extent in both gravity unloading models. These changes in serum levels could be involved in the physiological changes induced by gravity unloading. A collective evaluation of serum, femur, and soleus muscle proteome data of spaceflight mice also showed 24 serum proteins, including Igfbp5, Igfbp3, and Postn, whose levels could be associated with biological changes induced by microgravity. This study examined serum proteome profiles in response to gravity unloading, and may help deepen our understanding of microgravity adaptation mechanisms during prolonged spaceflight missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakai
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoko Ino
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Akiyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kayano Moriyama
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Inaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Kumagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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4
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a background on osteocytes and the primary cilium, discussing the role it plays in osteocyte mechanosensing. RECENT FINDINGS Osteocytes are thought to be the primary mechanosensing cells in bone tissue, regulating bone adaptation in response to exercise, with the primary cilium suggested to be a key mechanosensing mechanism in bone. More recent work has suggested that, rather than being direct mechanosensors themselves, primary cilia in bone may instead form a key chemo-signalling nexus for processing mechanoregulated signalling pathways. Recent evidence suggests that pharmacologically induced lengthening of the primary cilium in osteocytes may potentiate greater mechanotransduction, rather than greater mechanosensing. While more research is required to delineate the specific osteocyte mechanobiological molecular mechanisms governed by the primary cilium, it is clear from the literature that the primary cilium has significant potential as a therapeutic target to treat mechanoregulated bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan W Verbruggen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Centre for Predictive in vitro Models, Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Anuphan Sittichokechaiwut
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Gwendolen C Reilly
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Chen D, Li Y, Wang Q, Zhan P. Identification of Key Osteoporosis Genes Through Comparative Analysis of Men's and Women's Osteoblast Transcriptomes. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:618-629. [PMID: 37878026 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis disproportionately affects older women, yet gender differences in human osteoblasts remain unexplored. Identifying mechanisms and biomarkers of osteoporosis will enable the development of preventative and therapeutic approaches. Transcriptome data of 187 osteoblast samples from men and women were compared. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to discover co-expressed modules. Enrichment analysis was performed to annotate DEGs. Preservation analysis determined whether modules and pathways were similar between genders. Blood methylation, transcriptome data, mouse phenotype data, and drug treatment data were utilized to identify key osteoporosis genes. We identified 1460 DEGs enriched in immune response, neurogenesis, and GWAS osteoporosis-related genes. WGCNA uncovered 8 modules associated with immune response, development, collagen metabolism, mitochondrion, and amino acid synthesis. Preservation analysis indicated modules and pathways were generally similar between genders. Incorporating GWAS and mouse phenotype data revealed 9 key genes, including GMDS, SMOC2, SASH1, MMP2, AHCYL1, ARRDC2, IGHMBP2, ATP6V1A, and CTSK. These genes were differentially methylated in patient blood and differentiated high and low bone mineral density patients in pre- and postmenopausal women. Denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women down-regulated 6 key genes, up-regulated T cell proportions, and down-regulated fibroblast proportion. qRT-PCR was used to confirm the genes in postmenopausal women. We identified 9 key osteoporosis genes by comparing the transcriptome of osteoblasts in women and men. Our findings' clinical implications were confirmed by multi-omics data and qRT-PCR, and our study provides novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Sports Medicine, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Sports Medicine, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Sports Medicine, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Bone and Joint Sports Medicine, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Yoon J, Kaya S, Matsumae G, Dole N, Alliston T. miR181a/b-1 controls osteocyte metabolism and mechanical properties independently of bone morphology. Bone 2023; 175:116836. [PMID: 37414200 PMCID: PMC11156520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone derives its ability to resist fracture from bone mass and quality concurrently; however, many questions about the molecular mechanisms controlling bone quality remain unanswered, limiting the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. Despite the increasing evidence on the importance of miR181a/b-1 in bone homeostasis and disease, whether and how osteocyte-intrinsic miR181a/b-1 controls bone quality remains elusive. Osteocyte-intrinsic deletion of miR181a/b-1 in osteocytes in vivo resulted in compromised overall bone mechanical behavior in both sexes, although the parameters affected by miR181a/b-1 varied distinctly based on sex. Furthermore, impaired fracture resistance in both sexes was unexplained by cortical bone morphology, which was altered in female mice and intact in male mice with miR181a/b-1-deficient osteocytes. The role of miR181a/b-1 in the regulation of osteocyte metabolism was apparent in bioenergetic testing of miR181a/b-1-deficient OCY454 osteocyte-like cells and transcriptomic analysis of cortical bone from mice with osteocyte-intrinsic ablation of miR181a/b-1. Altogether, this study demonstrates the control of osteocyte bioenergetics and the sexually dimorphic regulation of cortical bone morphology and mechanical properties by miR181a/b-1, hinting at the role of osteocyte metabolism in the regulation of mechanical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California, USA; Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Program, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gen Matsumae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Neha Dole
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California, USA; Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Program, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, California, USA.
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7
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Varadinkova S, Oralova V, Clarke M, Frampton J, Knopfova L, Lesot H, Bartos P, Matalova E. Expression dynamics of metalloproteinases during mandibular bone formation: association with Myb transcription factor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1168866. [PMID: 37701782 PMCID: PMC10493412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1168866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As the dentition forms and becomes functional, the alveolar bone is remodelled. Metalloproteinases are known to contribute to this process, but new regulators are emerging and their contextualization is challenging. This applies to Myb, a transcription factor recently reported to be involved in bone development and regeneration. The regulatory effect of Myb on Mmps expression has mostly been investigated in tumorigenesis, where Myb impacted the expression of Mmp1, Mmp2, Mmp7, and Mmp9. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the regulatory influence of the Myb on Mmps gene expression, impacting osteogenesis and mandibular bone formation. For that purpose, knock-out mouse model was used. Gene expression of bone-related Mmps and the key osteoblastic transcription factors Runx2 and Sp7 was analysed in Myb knock-out mice mandibles at the survival limit. Out of the metalloproteinases under study, Mmp13 was significantly downregulated. The impact of Myb on the expression of Mmp13 was confirmed by the overexpression of Myb in calvarial-derived cells causing upregulation of Mmp13. Expression of Mmp13 in the context of other Mmps during mandibular/alveolar bone development was followed in vivo along with Myb, Sp7 and Runx2. The most significant changes were observed in the expression of Mmp9 and Mmp13. These MMPs and MYB were further localized in situ by immunohistochemistry and were identified in pre/osteoblastic cells as well as in pre/osteocytes. In conclusion, these results provide a comprehensive insight into the expression dynamics of bone related Mmps during mandibular/alveolar bone formation and point to Myb as another potential regulator of Mmp13.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Varadinkova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - V. Oralova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - M. Clarke
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J. Frampton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - L. Knopfova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - H. Lesot
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - P. Bartos
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - E. Matalova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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8
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Arai Y, Lee SH. MMP13-Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Bone Tissue Formation in the Presence of Collagen Hydrogel. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:461-471. [PMID: 37041434 PMCID: PMC10219901 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteins involved in the repair and remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMP13 is essential for bone development and healing through the remodeling of type I collagen (COL1), the main component of the ECM in bone tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based cell therapy has been considered a promising approach for bone regeneration because of their osteogenic properties. However, the approaches using MSC to completely regenerate bone tissue have been limited. To overcome the limitation, genetic engineering of MSC could be a strategy for promoting regeneration efficacy. METHODS We performed in vitro and in vivo experiments using MMP13-overexpressing MSCs in the presence of COL1. To examine MMP13-overexpressing MSCs in vivo, we prepared a fibrin/COL1-based hydrogel to encapsulate MSCs and subcutaneously implanted gel-encapsulated MSCs in nude mice. We found that the osteogenic marker genes, ALP and RUNX2, were upregulated in MMP13-overexpressing MSCs through p38 phosphorylation. In addition, MMP13 overexpression in MSCs stimulated the expression of integrin α3, which is up-stream receptor of p38, and substantially increased osteogenic differentiation potential of MSCs. Bone tissue formation in MMP13-overexpressing MSCs was significantly higher than that in control MSCs. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that MMP13 is not only an essential factor for bone development and bone healing but also has a pivotal role in promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs to induce bone formation. CONCLUSION MSCs Genetically engineered to overexpress MMP13, which have a powerful potential to differentiate into the osteogenic cells, might be beneficial in bone disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Arai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
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9
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Insights into the Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Complications of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia. ENDOCRINES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by mutations in the PHEX gene, leading to elevated serum levels of FGF23, decreased production of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), and hypophosphatemia. Those affected with XLH manifest impaired growth and skeletal and dentoalveolar mineralization as well as increased mineralization of the tendon–bone attachment site (enthesopathy), all of which lead to decreased quality of life. Many molecular and murine studies have detailed the role of mineral ions and hormones in regulating complications of XLH, including how they modulate growth and growth plate maturation, bone mineralization and structure, osteocyte-mediated mineral matrix resorption and canalicular organization, and enthesopathy development. While these studies have provided insight into the molecular underpinnings of these skeletal processes, current therapies available for XLH do not fully prevent or treat these complications. Therefore, further investigations are needed to determine the molecular pathophysiology underlying the complications of XLH.
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10
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O'Donohue AK, Xiao Y, Lee LR, Schofield T, Cheng TL, Munns CF, Baldock PA, Schindeler A. Targeted postnatal knockout of Sclerostin using a bone-targeted adeno-associated viral vector increases bone anabolism and decreases canalicular density. Bone 2023; 167:116636. [PMID: 36462771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The creation of murine gene knockout models to study bone gene functions often requires the resource intensive crossbreeding of Cre transgenic and gene-floxed strains. The developmental versus postnatal roles of genes can be difficult to discern in such models. For example, embryonic deletion of the Sclerostin (Sost) gene establishes a high-bone mass phenotype in neonatal mice that may impact on future bone growth. To generate a postnatal skeletal knockout of Sost in adult mice, this study used a single injection of a bone-targeted recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector. METHODS 8-week-old Sostflox/flox mice were injected with saline (control) or a single injection containing 5 × 1011 vg AAV8-Sp7-Cre vector. Ai9 fluorescent Cre reporter mice were dosed in parallel to confirm targeting efficiency. After 6 weeks, detailed bone analysis was performed via microCT, biomechanical testing, and bone histology on vertebral and long bone specimens. RESULTS The AAV8-Sp7-Cre vector induced widespread persistent recombination in the bone compartment. Regional microCT analyses revealed significant increases in bone with vector treatment. In the L3 vertebrae, Sostflox/flox:AAV-Cre showed a 22 % increase in bone volume and 21 % in trabecular bone fraction compared to controls; this translated to a 17 % increase in compressive strength. In the tibiae, Sostflox/flox:AAV-Cre led to small but statistically significant increases in cortical bone volume and thickness. These were consistent with a 25 % increase in mineral apposition rate, but this did not translate into increased four-point bending strength. Ploton silver nitrate stain on histological sections revealed an unexpected increase in canalicular density associated with Sost ablation. CONCLUSION This report demonstrates a proof-of-concept that the AAV8-Sp7-Cre vector can efficiently produce postnatal skeletal knockout mice using gene-floxed strains. This technology has the potential for broad utility in the bone field with existing conditional lines. These data also confirm an important postnatal role for Sost in regulating bone homeostasis, consistent with prior studies using neutralizing Sclerostin antibodies, and highlights a novel role of Sost in canalicular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K O'Donohue
- Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ya Xiao
- Bone Division, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucinda R Lee
- Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Schofield
- Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tegan L Cheng
- University of Sydney School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Engineering Prototypes & Implants for Children (EPIC) Lab, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig F Munns
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Child Health Research Centre and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Bone Division, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Kalev-Altman R, Janssen JN, Ben-Haim N, Levy T, Shitrit-Tovli A, Milgram J, Shahar R, Sela-Donenfeld D, Monsonego-Ornan E. The gelatinases, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, play individual roles in skeleton development. Matrix Biol 2022; 113:100-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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The petrous bone contains high concentrations of osteocytes: One possible reason why ancient DNA is better preserved in this bone. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269348. [PMID: 36282813 PMCID: PMC9595551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of ancient DNA in fossil bones is providing invaluable information on the genetics of past human and other animal populations. These studies have been aided enormously by the discovery that ancient DNA is relatively well preserved in the petrous bone compared to most other bones. The reasons for this better preservation are however not well understood. Here we examine the hypothesis that one reason for better DNA preservation in the petrous bone is that fresh petrous bone contains more DNA than other bones. We therefore determined the concentrations of osteocyte cells occluded inside lacunae within the petrous bone and compared these concentrations to other bones from the domestic pig using high resolution microCT. We show that the concentrations of osteocyte lacunae in the inner layer of the pig petrous bone adjacent to the otic chamber are about three times higher (around 95,000 lacunae per mm3) than in the mastoid of the temporal bone (around 28,000 lacunae per mm3), as well as the cortical bone of the femur (around 27,000 lacunae per mm3). The sizes and shapes of the lacuna in the inner layer of the petrous bone are similar to those in the femur. We also show that the pig petrous bone lacunae do contain osteocytes using a histological stain for DNA. We therefore confirm and significantly expand upon previous observations of osteocytic lacuna concentrations in the petrous bone, supporting the notion that one possible reason for better preservation of ancient DNA in the petrous bone is that this bone initially contains at least three times more DNA than other bones. Thus during diagenesis more DNA is likely to be preserved in the petrous bone compared to other bones.
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13
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Korntner SH, Jana A, Kinnard E, Leo E, Beane T, Li X, Sengupta R, Becker L, Kuo CK. Craniofacial tendon development—Characterization of extracellular matrix morphology and spatiotemporal protein distribution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:944126. [PMID: 36158210 PMCID: PMC9490420 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.944126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial (CF) tendons are often affected by traumatic injuries and painful disorders that can severely compromise critical jaw functions, such as mastication and talking. Unfortunately, tendons lack the ability to regenerate, and there are no solutions to restore their native properties or function. An understanding of jaw tendon development could inform tendon regeneration strategies to restore jaw function, however CF tendon development has been relatively unexplored. Using the chick embryo, we identified the jaw-closing Tendon of the musculus Adductor Mandibulae Externus (TmAM) and the jaw-opening Tendon of the musculus Depressor Mandibulae (TmDM) that have similar functions to the masticatory tendons in humans. Using histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses, we characterized the TmAM and TmDM on the basis of cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) morphology and spatiotemporal protein distribution from early to late embryonic development. The TmAM and TmDM were detectable as early as embryonic day (d) 9 based on histological staining and tenascin-C (TNC) protein distribution. Collagen content increased and became more organized, cell density decreased, and cell nuclei elongated over time during development in both the TmAM and TmDM. The TmAM and TmDM exhibited similar spatiotemporal patterns for collagen type III (COL3), but differential spatiotemporal patterns for TNC, lysyl oxidase (LOX), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Our results demonstrate markers that play a role in limb tendon formation are also present in jaw tendons during embryonic development, implicate COL3, TNC, LOX, MMP2, and MMP9 in jaw tendon development, and suggest TmAM and TmDM possess different developmental programs. Taken together, our study suggests the chick embryo may be used as a model with which to study CF tendon extracellular matrix development, the results of which could ultimately inform therapeutic approaches for CF tendon injuries and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie H. Korntner
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Aniket Jana
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth Kinnard
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Emily Leo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Timothy Beane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Xianmu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rohit Sengupta
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lauren Becker
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Catherine K. Kuo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Catherine K. Kuo,
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Abstract
Osteoclasts, the only cells that can resorb bone, play a central role in bone homeostasis as well as bone damage under pathological conditions such as osteoporosis, arthritis, periodontitis, and bone metastasis. Recent studies using single-cell technologies have uncovered the regulatory mechanisms underlying osteoclastogenesis at unprecedented resolution and shed light on the possibility that there is heterogeneity in the origin, function, and fate of osteoclast-lineage cells. Here, we discuss the current advances and emerging concepts in osteoclast biology.
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15
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Jehan F, Zarka M, de la Houssaye G, Veziers J, Ostertag A, Cohen‐Solal M, Geoffroy V. New insights into the role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 (
MMP3
) in bone. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:524-538. [PMID: 35949513 PMCID: PMC9353456 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Matrix Metalloproteinases are important regulators of bone metabolism and can influence bone mass and bone remodeling. We investigate the role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) on bone in mice, by using Mmp3 knockout (Mmp3 KO) in the context of estrogen deficiency, and in human, by analyzing the association of promoter polymorphism with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and with MMP3 expression. We presented evidence in this paper that Mmp3 KO significantly increases trabecular bone mass and trabecular number and does not affect cortical bone thickness. We also found that Mmp3 KO protects from the deleterious effects of ovariectomy on bone mineral density in mice by preventing deterioration of bone microarchitecture. The effect of Mmp3 KO does not involve bone formation parameters but instead acts by inhibition of bone resorption, leading to a reduced bone loss associated to ovariectomy. By studying a human cohort, we found that a polymorphism located in the promoter of the human MMP3 gene is associated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and found that MMP3 rs632478 promoter variants are associated with change in promoter activity in transfection experiments. In conclusion MMP3, although weakly expressed in bone cells, could be one of the important regulators of sex hormone action in bone and whose activity could be targeted for therapeutic applications such as in Osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Jehan
- Inserm U1132 BIOSCAR Paris Université Paris France
- Nantes Université Oniris, Univ Angers, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | - Mylène Zarka
- Inserm U1132 BIOSCAR Paris Université Paris France
| | | | - Joëlle Veziers
- Nantes Université Oniris, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | | | | | - Valérie Geoffroy
- Inserm U1132 BIOSCAR Paris Université Paris France
- Nantes Université Oniris, Univ Angers, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229 Nantes France
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16
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Hodgkinson T, Amado IN, O'Brien FJ, Kennedy OD. The role of mechanobiology in bone and cartilage model systems in characterizing initiation and progression of osteoarthritis. APL Bioeng 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0068277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hodgkinson
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel N. Amado
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oran D. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Association of Specific Genetic Polymorphisms with Atraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Narrative Review. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:771-784. [PMID: 35547337 PMCID: PMC9043172 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atraumatic ONFH is one of the leading cause of hip morbidity in the working-age group. It is a multi-factorial disease whose root cause can be attributed to single-nucleotide polymorphism. Identifying such polymorphisms could pave the way for new modalities of treatment for ONFH. METHODOLOGY Two databases were electronically searched for relevant articles. The articles were screened through titles, abstract and full texts to include the relevant studies. A secondary search was done through the reference list of selected articles. RESULTS A total of 52 studies were included among the 181 hits. All 181 were case-control studies. Summary of these studies identifies multiple SNPs which can cause ONFH. There were 117 SNPs in all 181 studies, of which 92 were associated with the causation of ONFH and 25 were protective against ONFH. CONCLUSION SNPs play an essential role in causing atraumatic ONFH. Identification of SNP that contribute to causing ONFH may help reduce the disease burden by early identification, diagnosis and treatment, including targeted gene therapy.
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18
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Baltatu MS, Spataru MC, Verestiuc L, Balan V, Solcan C, Sandu AV, Geanta V, Voiculescu I, Vizureanu P. Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Evaluation for Ti-Mo-Zr-Ta-Si Alloys for Potential Implant Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226806. [PMID: 34832207 PMCID: PMC8621571 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering the future trends of biomaterials, current studies are focused on the corrosion resistance and the mechanical properties of new materials that need to be considered in the process of strengthening alloys with additive non-toxic elements. Many kinds of titanium alloys with different biocompatible elements (Mo, Si, Zr, etc.,) have been recently developed for their similar properties with human bone. Four new different alloys were obtained and investigated regarding their microstructure, mechanical, chemical, and biological behavior (in vitro and in vivo evaluation), the alloys are as follows: Ti15Mo7Zr15Ta, Ti15Mo7Zr15Ta0.5Si, Ti15Mo7Zr15Ta0.75Si, and Ti15Mo7Zr15Ta1Si. There were changes with the addition of the silicon element such as the hardness and the modulus of elasticity increased. An MTT assay confirmed the in vitro cytocompatibility of the prepared alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Simona Baltatu
- Department of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Claudia Spataru
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Liliana Verestiuc
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9-13 Kogalniceanu Street, 700454 Iasi, Romania; (L.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Vera Balan
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 9-13 Kogalniceanu Street, 700454 Iasi, Romania; (L.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Andrei Victor Sandu
- Department of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Romanian Inventors Forum, Str. Sf. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (P.V.)
| | - Victor Geanta
- Engineering and Management of Metallic Material Processing Department, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Spl Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ionelia Voiculescu
- Quality Engineering and Industrial Technologies Department, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Robotics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Spl Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Petrica Vizureanu
- Department of Technologies and Equipments for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Blvd. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (P.V.)
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19
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Hansen LJ, Bloch SL, Sørensen MS. Identification of Cellular Voids in the Human Otic Capsule. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:591-599. [PMID: 34415468 PMCID: PMC8476705 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The otic capsule consists of dense highly mineralized compact bone. Inner ear osteoprotegerin (OPG) effectively inhibits perilabyrinthine remodeling and otic capsular bone turnover is very low compared to other bone. Consequently, degenerative changes like dead osteocytes and microcracks accumulate around the inner ear. Osteocytes are connected via canaliculi and need a certain connectivity to sustain life. Consequently, stochastic osteocyte apoptosis may disrupt the osteocytic network in unsustainable patterns leading to widespread cell death. When studying bulk-stained undecalcified human temporal bone, large clusters of dead osteocytes have been observed. Such "cellular voids" may disrupt the perilabyrinthine OPG mediated remodeling inhibition possibly leading to local remodeling. In the common ear disease otosclerosis pathological bone remodeling foci are found exclusively in the otic capsule. We believe the pathogenesis of otosclerosis is linked to the unique bony dynamics of perilabyrinthine bone and cellular voids may represent a starting point for otosclerotic remodeling. This study aims to identify and characterize cellular voids of the human otic capsule. This would allow future cellular void quantification and comparison of void and otosclerotic distribution to further elucidate the yet unknown pathogenesis of otosclerosis.
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20
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Marini F, Giusti F, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. Congenital Metabolic Bone Disorders as a Cause of Bone Fragility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10281. [PMID: 34638624 PMCID: PMC8509040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fragility is a pathological condition caused by altered homeostasis of the mineralized bone mass with deterioration of the microarchitecture of the bone tissue, which results in a reduction of bone strength and an increased risk of fracture, even in the absence of high-impact trauma. The most common cause of bone fragility is primary osteoporosis in the elderly. However, bone fragility can manifest at any age, within the context of a wide spectrum of congenital rare bone metabolic diseases in which the inherited genetic defect alters correct bone modeling and remodeling at different points and aspects of bone synthesis and/or bone resorption, leading to defective bone tissue highly prone to long bone bowing, stress fractures and pseudofractures, and/or fragility fractures. To date, over 100 different Mendelian-inherited metabolic bone disorders have been identified and included in the OMIM database, associated with germinal heterozygote, compound heterozygote, or homozygote mutations, affecting over 80 different genes involved in the regulation of bone and mineral metabolism. This manuscript reviews clinical bone phenotypes, and the associated bone fragility in rare congenital metabolic bone disorders, following a disease taxonomic classification based on deranged bone metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
- F.I.R.M.O. Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso, Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- F.I.R.M.O. Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso, Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, 50141 Florence, Italy
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21
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Casanova M, Schindeler A, Peacock L, Lee L, Schneider P, Little DG, Müller R. Characterization of the Developing Lacunocanalicular Network During Fracture Repair. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10525. [PMID: 34532613 PMCID: PMC8441443 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture repair is a normal physiological response to bone injury. During the process of bony callus formation, a lacunocanalicular network (LCN) is formed de novo that evolves with callus remodeling. Our aim was the longitudinal assessment of the development and evolution of the LCN during fracture repair. To this end, 45 adult wild‐type C57BL/6 mice underwent closed tibial fracture surgery. Fractured and intact contralateral tibias were harvested after 2, 3, and 6 weeks of bone healing (n = 15/group). High‐resolution micro–computed tomography (μCT) and deconvolution microscopy (DV) approaches were applied to quantify lacunar number density from the calluses and intact bone. On histological sections, Goldner's trichrome staining was used to assess lacunar occupancy, fluorescein isothiocyanate staining to visualize the canalicular network, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to examine osteocyte apoptosis. Analysis of μCT scans showed progressive decreases in mean lacuna volume over time (−27% 2–3 weeks; −13% 3–6 weeks). Lacunar number density increased considerably between 2 and 3 weeks (+156%). Correlation analysis was performed, showing a positive linear relationship between canalicular number density and trabecular thickness (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001) and an inverse relationship between mean lacuna volume and trabecular thickness (R2 = 0.57, p < 0.001). Histology showed increases in canalicular number density over time (+22% 2–3 weeks, +51% 3–6 weeks). Lacunar occupancy in new bone of the callus was high (>90%), but the old cortical bone within the fracture site appeared necrotic as it underwent resorption. In conclusion, our data shows a progressive increase in the complexity of the LCN over time during fracture healing and demonstrates that this network is initiated during the early stages of repair. Further studies are needed to address the functional importance of osteocytes in bone healing, particularly in detecting and translating the effects of micromotion in the fracture. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health University of Sydney Camperdown Australia
| | - Lauren Peacock
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead Australia
| | - Lucinda Lee
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health University of Sydney Camperdown Australia
| | - Philipp Schneider
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland.,Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK.,High-Performance Vision Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) Vienna Austria
| | - David G Little
- Orthopaedic Research & Biotechnology The Children's Hospital at Westmead Westmead Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health University of Sydney Camperdown Australia
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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22
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Colombo MV, Bersini S, Arrigoni C, Gilardi M, Sansoni V, Ragni E, Candiani G, Lombardi G, Moretti M. Engineering the early bone metastatic niche through human vascularized immuno bone minitissues. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33735854 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abefea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastases occur in 65%-80% advanced breast cancer patients. Although significant progresses have been made in understanding the biological mechanisms driving the bone metastatic cascade, traditional 2Din vitromodels and animal studies are not effectively reproducing breast cancer cells (CCs) interactions with the bone microenvironment and suffer from species-specific differences, respectively. Moreover, simplifiedin vitromodels cannot realistically estimate drug anti-tumoral properties and side effects, hence leading to pre-clinical testing frequent failures. To solve this issue, a 3D metastatic bone minitissue (MBm) is designed with embedded human osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone-resident macrophages, endothelial cells and breast CCs. This minitissue recapitulates key features of the bone metastatic niche, including the alteration of macrophage polarization and microvascular architecture, along with the induction of CC micrometastases and osteomimicry. The minitissue reflects breast CC organ-specific metastatization to bone compared to a muscle minitissue. Finally, two FDA approved drugs, doxorubicin and rapamycin, have been tested showing that the dose required to impair CC growth is significantly higher in the MBm compared to a simpler CC monoculture minitissue. The MBm allows the investigation of metastasis key biological features and represents a reliable tool to better predict drug effects on the metastatic bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Colombo
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Biocompatibility and Cell Culture Laboratory 'BioCell', Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Bersini
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Arrigoni
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mara Gilardi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 20161 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Ragni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Orthopedic Biotechnology Lab, 20161 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- Biocompatibility and Cell Culture Laboratory 'BioCell', Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 20161 Milano, Italy.,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań 61-871, Poland
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, 20161 Milano, Italy.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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23
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Lo CH, Shay G, McGuire JJ, Li T, Shain KH, Choi JY, Fuerst R, Roush WR, Knapinska AM, Fields GB, Lynch CC. Host-Derived Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Activity Promotes Multiple Myeloma-Induced Osteolysis and Reduces Overall Survival. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2415-2428. [PMID: 33526510 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma promotes systemic skeletal bone disease that greatly contributes to patient morbidity. Resorption of type I collagen-rich bone matrix by activated osteoclasts results in the release of sequestered growth factors that can drive progression of the disease. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) is a collagenase expressed predominantly in the skeleton by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and MSC-derived osteoblasts. Histochemical analysis of human multiple myeloma specimens also demonstrated that MMP13 largely localizes to the stromal compartment compared with CD138+ myeloma cells. In this study, we further identified that multiple myeloma induces MMP13 expression in bone stromal cells. Because of its ability to degrade type I collagen, we examined whether bone stromal-derived MMP13 contributed to myeloma progression. Multiple myeloma cells were inoculated into wild-type or MMP13-null mice. In independent in vivo studies, MMP13-null mice demonstrated significantly higher overall survival rates and lower levels of bone destruction compared with wild-type controls. Unexpectedly, no differences in type I collagen processing between the groups were observed. Ex vivo stromal coculture assays showed reduced formation and activity in MMP13-null osteoclasts. Analysis of soluble factors from wild-type and MMP13-null MSCs revealed decreased bioavailability of various osteoclastogenic factors including CXCL7. CXCL7 was identified as a novel MMP13 substrate and regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Underscoring the importance of host MMP13 catalytic activity in multiple myeloma progression, we demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of a novel and highly selective MMP13 inhibitor that provides a translational opportunity for the treatment of this incurable disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Genetic and pharmacologic approaches show that bone stromal-derived MMP13 catalytic activity is critical for osteoclastogenesis, bone destruction, and disease progression. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/9/2415/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hao Lo
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, Department of Cell Biology Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gemma Shay
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jeremy J McGuire
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kenneth H Shain
- Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Queens College, Queens, New York.,Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Rita Fuerst
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | | | - Conor C Lynch
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
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Dole NS, Yee CS, Schurman CA, Dallas SL, Alliston T. Assessment of Osteocytes: Techniques for Studying Morphological and Molecular Changes Associated with Perilacunar/Canalicular Remodeling of the Bone Matrix. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2230:303-323. [PMID: 33197021 PMCID: PMC9165628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have revived interest in the concept of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR) and have motivated efforts to identify the mechanisms regulating this process in bone in the context of normal physiology and pathological conditions. Here, we describe several methods that are evaluating morphological changes associated with PLR function of osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Dole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cristal S Yee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles A Schurman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah L Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Pei Q, Li J, Zhou P, Zhang J, Huang P, Fan J, Zou Z, Li X, Wang B. A Potential Participant in Type 2 Diabetes Bone Fragility: TIMP-1 at Sites of Osteocyte Lacunar-Canalicular System. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4903-4909. [PMID: 34992398 PMCID: PMC8711839 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s345081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of bone fracture, but the bone mineral density (BMD) is typically normal or higher in such patients. Because the fracture risk is independent of reduced BMD, bone fragility in T2DM may be partially due to poor bone quality. The mechanisms triggering bone quality abnormalities in T2DM are complex, and include the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, the increased inflammation, and low bone turnover. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in bone can hydrolyze the bone matrix. Tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) can inhibit the activity of MMPs. Both MMPs and TIMPs participate in mediating bone quality. Among all types of TIMPs, TIMP-1 is mostly reportedly increased in the serum of T2DM patients. Because osteocytes can express TIMP-1, and osteocyte pericellular matrix influences bone quality partially regulated by perilacunar/canalicular remodeling, we hypothesized that TIMP-1 at sites of osteocyte lacunar-canalicular system is involved in T2DM bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Pei
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchuan Fan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bin Wang; Xi Li Email ;
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Li X, Jin L, Tan Y. Different roles of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in osteolysis of skeletal dysplasia and bone metastasis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:70. [PMID: 33236155 PMCID: PMC7716421 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is a well-characterized protein that is indispensable for extracellular matrix remodeling and other pathological processes, such as tumor progression and skeletal dysplasia. Excessive activation of MMP2 promotes osteolytic metastasis and bone destruction in late-stage cancers, while its loss-of-function mutations result in the decreased bone mineralization and generalized osteolysis occurring progressively in skeletal developmental disorders, particularly in multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis and arthropathy (MONA). Either upregulation or downregulation of MMP2 activity can result in the same osteolytic effects. Thus, different functions of MMP2 have been recently identified that could explain this observation. While MMP2 can degrade bone matrix, facilitate osteoclastogenesis and amplify various signaling pathways that enhance osteolysis in bone metastasis, its role in maintaining the number of bone cells, supporting osteocytic canalicular network formation and suppressing leptin-mediated inhibition of bone formation has been implicated in osteolytic disorders caused by MMP2 deficiency. Furthermore, the proangiogenic activity of MMP2 is one of the potential mechanisms that are associated with both pathological situations. In the present article, the latest research on MMP2 in bone homeostasis is reviewed and the mechanisms underlying the role of this protein in skeletal metastasis and developmental osteolysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Libin Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Sarker H, Hardy E, Haimour A, Karim MA, Scholl-Bürgi S, Martignetti JA, Botto LD, Fernandez-Patron C. Comparative Serum Analyses Identify Cytokines and Hormones Commonly Dysregulated as Well as Implicated in Promoting Osteolysis in MMP-2-Deficient Mice and Children. Front Physiol 2020; 11:568718. [PMID: 33101055 PMCID: PMC7546215 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.568718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) causes a complex syndrome characterized by multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy (MONA) as well as cardiac valve defects, dwarfism and hirsutism. MMP-2 deficient (Mmp2 -/-) mice are a model for this rare multisystem pediatric syndrome but their phenotype remains incompletely characterized. Here, we extend the phenotypic characterization of MMP-2 deficiency by comparing the levels of cytokines and chemokines, soluble cytokine receptors, angiogenesis factors, bone development factors, apolipoproteins and hormones in mice and humans. Initial screening was performed on an 8-year-old male presenting a previously unreported deletion mutation c1294delC (Arg432fs) in the MMP2 gene and diagnosed with MONA. Of eighty-one serum biomolecules analyzed, eleven were upregulated (>4-fold), two were downregulated (>4-fold) and sixty-eight remained unchanged, compared to unaffected controls. Specifically, Eotaxin, GM-CSF, M-CSF, GRO-α, MDC, IL-1β, IL-7, IL-12p40, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and MIG were upregulated and epidermal growth factor (EGF) and ACTH were downregulated in this patient. Subsequent analysis of five additional MMP-2 deficient patients confirmed the upregulation in Eotaxin, IL-7, IL-12p40, and MIP-1α, and the downregulation in EGF. To establish whether these alterations are bona fide phenotypic traits of MMP-2 deficiency, we further studied Mmp2 -/- mice. Among 32 cytokines measured in plasma of Mmp2 -/- mice, the cytokines Eotaxin, IL-1β, MIP-1α, and MIG were commonly upregulated in mice as well as patients with MMP-2 deficiency. Moreover, bioactive cortisol (a factor that exacerbates osteoporosis) was also elevated in MMP-2 deficient mice and patients. Among the factors we have identified to be dysregulated in MMP-2 deficiency many are osteoclastogenic and could potentially contribute to bone disorder in MONA. These new molecular phenotypic traits merit being targeted in future research aimed at understanding the pathological mechanisms elicited by MMP-2 deficiency in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sarker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Ayman Haimour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mahmoud A Karim
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John A Martignetti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Rudy L. Ruggles Biomedical Research Institute, Nuvance Health, Danbury, CT, United States
| | - Lorenzo D Botto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Dole NS, Yee CS, Mazur CM, Acevedo C, Alliston T. TGFβ Regulation of Perilacunar/Canalicular Remodeling Is Sexually Dimorphic. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1549-1561. [PMID: 32282961 PMCID: PMC9126317 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone fragility is the product of defects in bone mass and bone quality, both of which show sex-specific differences. Despite this, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the sexually dimorphic control of bone quality remain unclear, limiting our ability to effectively prevent fractures, especially in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Recently, using male mice, we found that systemic or osteocyte-intrinsic inhibition of TGFβ signaling, achieved using the 9.6-kb DMP1 promoter-driven Cre recombinase (TβRIIocy-/- mice), suppresses osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR) and compromises bone quality. Because systemic TGFβ inhibition more robustly increases bone mass in female than male mice, we postulated that sex-specific differences in bone quality could likewise result, in part, from dimorphic regulation of PLR by TGFβ. Moreover, because lactation induces PLR, we examined the effect of TGFβ inhibition on the female skeleton during lactation. In contrast to males, female mice that possess an osteocyte-intrinsic defect in TGFβ signaling were protected from TGFβ-dependent defects in PLR and bone quality. The expression of requisite PLR enzymes, the lacunocanalicular network (LCN), and the flexural strength of female TβRIIocy-/- bone was intact. With lactation, however, bone loss and induction in PLR and osteocytic parathyroid hormone type I receptor (PTHR1) expression, were suppressed in TβRIIocy-/- bone, relative to the control littermates. Indeed, differential control of PTHR1 expression, by TGFβ and other factors, may contribute to dimorphism in PLR regulation in male and female TβRIIocy-/- mice. These findings provide key insights into the sex-based differences in osteocyte PLR that underlie bone quality and highlight TGFβ signaling as a crucial regulator of lactation-induced PLR. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Dole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cristal S Yee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Courtney M Mazur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,University of California (UC) Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Gloux A, Le Roy N, Ezagal J, Même N, Hennequet-Antier C, Piketty ML, Prié D, Benzoni G, Gautron J, Nys Y, Narcy A, Duclos MJ. Possible roles of parathyroid hormone, 1.25(OH) 2D 3, and fibroblast growth factor 23 on genes controlling calcium metabolism across different tissues of the laying hen. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106407. [PMID: 32006872 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study provides an integrative description of candidate gene expression across tissues involved in calcium (Ca) metabolism during the egg laying cycle, using the well-defined model of Ca supply as fine or coarse particles of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Plasma and tissue samples were collected from hens at the peak of laying at 0 to 1, 9 to 10, and 18 to 19 h postovulation (PO). After mRNA preparation from the parathyroid gland, medullary bone, liver, kidney, duodenum, and jejunum, gene expressions were quantified using RT-qPCR. The highest levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) mRNA in the parathyroid gland (P < 0.05), and of the active form of vitamin D3 1.25(OH)2D3 in the plasma (P < 0.01) were observed at 18 to 19 h PO. During this active phase of eggshell formation, bone resorption was attested to high levels of plasma inorganic phosphorus (iP) and the receptor activation of nuclear factor-κB expression in the bone (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). At this stage, 5 genes of the transcellular and the paracellular Ca absorption pathways in the intestine (P < 0.05) and the Ca channel transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5 (P < 0.05), involved in its reabsorption in the kidney, were overexpressed. At 0 to 1 h PO during the subsequent daylight period, 2 candidates of the transcellular and the paracellular Ca pathways (P < 0.05) remained at high levels in the intestine, while calbindin D 28K expression was the highest in the kidney (P < 0.05). As PTH mRNA and 1.25(OH)2D3 were low, bone accretion was likely active at this stage. The phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) was overexpressed at 18 to 19 h PO (P < 0.05) in the bone when plasma iP was high, which suggested a role in the subsequent reduction of P reabsorption in the kidney, as attested to the decreased expression of P cotransporters, leading to iP clearance from the plasma at 0 to 1 h PO (P < 0.05). The low levels of 1.25(OH)2D3 at this stage coincided with increased expression of the 24-hydroxylase gene in the kidney (P < 0.05). In hens fed fine particles of CaCO3, higher plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 and higher expression of several genes involved in bone turnover reflected a stronger challenge to Ca homeostasis. Altogether, these data support the hypothesis that FGF23 could drive vitamin D metabolism in the laying hen, as previously documented in other species and explain the tight link between P and Ca metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gloux
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - N Le Roy
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - J Ezagal
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - N Même
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - M L Piketty
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, G.H. Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U11513, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - D Prié
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, G.H. Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U11513, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - G Benzoni
- Neovia, Route de Talhouët, 56250 Saint-Nolff, France
| | - J Gautron
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Nys
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - A Narcy
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - M J Duclos
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Hardy E, Fernandez-Patron C. Destroy to Rebuild: The Connection Between Bone Tissue Remodeling and Matrix Metalloproteinases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:47. [PMID: 32116759 PMCID: PMC7013034 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ that undergoes constant remodeling, an energetically costly process by which old bone is replaced and localized bone defects are repaired to renew the skeleton over time, thereby maintaining skeletal health. This review provides a general overview of bone’s main players (bone lining cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, reversal cells, and osteoblasts) that participate in bone remodeling. Placing emphasis on the family of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we describe how: (i) Convergence of multiple protease families (including MMPs and cysteine proteinases) ensures complexity and robustness of the bone remodeling process, (ii) Enzymatic activity of MMPs affects bone physiology at the molecular and cellular levels and (iii) Either overexpression or deficiency/insufficiency of individual MMPs impairs healthy bone remodeling and systemic metabolism. Today, it is generally accepted that proteolytic activity is required for the degradation of bone tissue in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. However, it is increasingly evident that inactivating mutations in MMP genes can also lead to bone pathology including osteolysis and metabolic abnormalities such as delayed growth. We argue that there remains a need to rethink the role played by proteases in bone physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Mathematical modelling of the role of Endo180 network in the development of metastatic bone disease in prostate cancer. Comput Biol Med 2020; 117:103619. [PMID: 32072971 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is a common complication of advanced cancer and recent research suggests that Endo180 expression is dysregulated through the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway during the invasion of tumour cells in the development of MBD. We here provide a model for the dysregulation of the Endo180 network to demonstrate its vital contribution to bone destruction as well as tumour cell growth. The model consisted of a set of ordinary differential equations and reconstructed variations in the bone cells, resultant bone volume, and biochemical factors involved in the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway over time. The model also investigated the underlying mechanism in which the change of TGFβ affects the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling pathway and the resultant Endo180 expression in osteoblastic and tumour cells. The model links the appearance of tumour cells with the inhibition of TGFβ binding to its receptors on osteoblastic cells, to affect TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 signalling and Endo180 expression. Temporal variation in bone cells, bone volume, and the biochemical factors involved in the TGFβ-TGFβR-SMAD2/3 pathway as demonstrated in the model simulations agree with published experimental data. The model can be refined based on further discoveries but allows the influence of Endo180 network dysregulation on bone remodelling in MBD to be established. This model could aid in the development of Endo180 targeted therapies for MBD in the future.
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The effect of matrix metalloproteinase-9 on the differentiation into osteoclast cells on RAW264 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.odw.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mazur CM, Woo JJ, Yee CS, Fields AJ, Acevedo C, Bailey KN, Kaya S, Fowler TW, Lotz JC, Dang A, Kuo AC, Vail TP, Alliston T. Osteocyte dysfunction promotes osteoarthritis through MMP13-dependent suppression of subchondral bone homeostasis. Bone Res 2019; 7:34. [PMID: 31700695 PMCID: PMC6828661 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), long considered a primary disorder of articular cartilage, is commonly associated with subchondral bone sclerosis. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for changes to subchondral bone in OA, and the extent to which these changes are drivers of or a secondary reaction to cartilage degeneration, remain unclear. In knee joints from human patients with end-stage OA, we found evidence of profound defects in osteocyte function. Suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR) was most severe in the medial compartment of OA subchondral bone, with lower protease expression, diminished canalicular networks, and disorganized and hypermineralized extracellular matrix. As a step toward evaluating the causality of PLR suppression in OA, we ablated the PLR enzyme MMP13 in osteocytes while leaving chondrocytic MMP13 intact, using Cre recombinase driven by the 9.6-kb DMP1 promoter. Not only did osteocytic MMP13 deficiency suppress PLR in cortical and subchondral bone, but it also compromised cartilage. Even in the absence of injury, osteocytic MMP13 deficiency was sufficient to reduce cartilage proteoglycan content, change chondrocyte production of collagen II, aggrecan, and MMP13, and increase the incidence of cartilage lesions, consistent with early OA. Thus, in humans and mice, defects in PLR coincide with cartilage defects. Osteocyte-derived MMP13 emerges as a critical regulator of cartilage homeostasis, likely via its effects on PLR. Together, these findings implicate osteocytes in bone-cartilage crosstalk in the joint and suggest a causal role for suppressed perilacunar/canalicular remodeling in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Mazur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Jonathon J. Woo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Cristal S. Yee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Aaron J. Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Karsyn N. Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Tristan W. Fowler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Lotz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Alexis Dang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA
| | - Alfred C. Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA
| | - Thomas P. Vail
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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Degradation of extracellular matrices propagates calcification during development and healing in bones and teeth. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:149-156. [PMID: 31400543 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone, dentin, and enamel are tissues formed through calcification, a process involving deposition of calcium phosphate minerals on extracellular organic matrices. Calcification, the underlying mechanism of which is unknown, is initiated with mineral deposition followed by advancing of the deposit and subsequent maturation of the mineral crystal. HIGHLIGHT We have reviewed the current knowledge of how calcification proceeds during bone development, bone healing, and enamel and dentin development, based on reported studies. Previous studies reported by us and by other authors have suggested that degradation of some extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is involved in calcification during bone and dentin development and bone healing in a manner similar to that previously reported for enamel development. CONCLUSION The ECM proteins may inhibit mineral deposition and calcification, similar to the role of amelogenin during enamel development. The candidates for the amelogenin equivalents in bone and dentin have not been identified. Further studies are required to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of bone and dentin calcification in light of specific ECM proteins that prevent calcification and enzymes that degrade these ECM proteins.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR), osteocytes dynamically resorb, and then replace, the organic and mineral components of the pericellular extracellular matrix. Given the enormous surface area of the osteocyte lacuna-canalicular network (LCN), PLR is important for maintaining homeostasis of the skeleton. The goal of this review is to examine the motivations and critical considerations for the analysis of PLR, in both in vitro and in vivo systems. RECENT FINDINGS Morphological approaches alone are insufficient to elucidate the complex mechanisms regulating PLR in the healthy skeleton and in disease. Understanding the role and regulation of PLR will require the incorporation of standardized PLR outcomes as a routine part of skeletal phenotyping, as well as the development of improved molecular and cellular outcomes. Current PLR outcomes assess PLR enzyme expression, the LCN, and bone matrix composition and organization, among others. Here, we discuss current PLR outcomes and how they have been applied to study PLR induction and suppression in vitro and in vivo. Given the role of PLR in skeletal health and disease, integrated analysis of PLR has potential to elucidate new mechanisms by which osteocytes participate in skeletal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristal S Yee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Charles A Schurman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Carter R White
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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de Vos IJHM, Wong ASW, Welting TJM, Coull BJ, van Steensel MAM. Multicentric osteolytic syndromes represent a phenotypic spectrum defined by defective collagen remodeling. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1652-1664. [PMID: 31218820 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Frank-Ter Haar syndrome (FTHS), Winchester syndrome (WS), and multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy (MONA) are ultra-rare multisystem disorders characterized by craniofacial malformations, reduced bone density, skeletal and cardiac anomalies, and dermal fibrosis. These autosomal recessive syndromes are caused by homozygous mutation or deletion of respectively SH3PXD2B (SH3 and PX Domains 2B), MMP14 (matrix metalloproteinase 14), or MMP2. Here, we give an overview of the clinical features of 63 previously reported patients with an SH3PXD2B, MMP14, or MMP2 mutation, demonstrating considerable clinical overlap between FTHS, WS, and MONA. Interestingly, the protein products of SH3PXD2B, MMP14, and MMP2 directly cooperate in collagen remodeling. We review animal models for these three disorders that accurately reflect the major clinical features and likewise show significant phenotypical similarity with each other. Furthermore, they demonstrate that defective collagen remodeling is central in the underlying pathology. As such, we propose a nosological revision, placing these SH3PXD2B, MMP14, and MMP2 related syndromes in a novel "defective collagen-remodelling spectrum (DECORS)". In our opinion, this revised nosology better reflects the central role for impaired collagen remodeling, a potential target for pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo J H M de Vos
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arnette Shi Wei Wong
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Barry J Coull
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore
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Matos AA, Oliveira FA, Machado AC, Saldanha LL, Tokuhara CK, Souza LP, Vilegas W, Dionísio TJ, Santos C, Peres-Buzalaf C, Dokkedal AL, Oliveira R. An extract from Myracrodruon urundeuva inhibits matrix mineralization in human osteoblasts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:192-201. [PMID: 30905790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phytotherapy based on plant-derived compounds is an alternative medicinal strategy for the relief of symptoms and the curing of diseases. The leaves of Myracrodruon urundeuva a medicinal plant also known as "aroeira", has been used in traditional medicine as healing, antiulcer and anti-inflammatory to treat skeletal diseases in Brazil, but its role in bone cell toxicity, as well as in bone formation, remains to be established. AIM OF THE STUDY We sought to determine the in vitro osteogenic effects of a hydroalcoholic M. urundeuva leaves extract in primary human osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization were evaluated by MTT assay, DCFH-DA probe, colorimetric-based enzymatic assay and Alizarin Red-staining, respectively. Besides, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and progressive ankylosis protein homolog (ANKH) gene expression were determined by real-time RT-qPCR and MMP-2 activity by zymography. RESULTS Exposure of osteoblasts to M. urundeuva extract significantly decreased viability and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, regardless of the extract concentration. The M. urundeuva extract at 10 μg/mL also downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, while upregulating progressive ankylosis protein homolog (ANKH) gene expression. By contrast, the MMP-2 activity was unchanged. The M. urundeuva extract at 10 μg/mL also reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization promoted by M. urundeuva may be due more to an increase in oxidative stress than to the modulation of MMP-2 and ANKH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arruda Matos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Amadeu Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Cury Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Cintia Kazuko Tokuhara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Perez Souza
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Chemistry Institute, Department of Organic Chemistry, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thiago José Dionísio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Peres-Buzalaf
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anne Lígia Dokkedal
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, UNESP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Svandova E, Sadoine J, Vesela B, Djoudi A, Lesot H, Poliard A, Matalova E. Growth-dependent phenotype in FasL-deficient mandibular/alveolar bone. J Anat 2019; 235:256-261. [PMID: 31148178 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
FASL (CD178) is known for its role in triggering apoptosis, mostly in relation with immune cells but additional functions have been reported more recently, including those in bone development. Examination of postnatal FasL-deficient mice (gld) showed an increased bone deposition in adult mice when compared with wild types. However, a different phenotype was observed prenatally, when the gld bone was underdeveloped. The aim of the following investigation was to evaluate this indication for an growth-dependent bone phenotype of gld mice and to search for the 'switch point'. This study focused on the mandibular/alveolar bone as an important structure for tooth anchorage. In vivo micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis was performed at different stages during the first month (6, 12 and 24 days) of postnatal bone development. In 6-day-old gld mice, a decrease in bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness and trabecular number was revealed. In contrast, the 12-day-old gld mice showed an increased BV/TV and trabecular thickness in the alveolar bone. The same observation applied for bone status in 24-day-old gld mice. Therefore, changes in the bone phenotype occurred between day 6 and 12 of the postnatal development. The switch point is likely related to the changing proportion of bone cells at these stages of development, when the number of osteocytes increases. Indeed, the immunohistochemical analysis of FASL localized this protein in osteoblasts, whereas osteocytes were mostly negative at examined stages. The impact of FASL particularly on osteoblasts would agree with an earlier in vivo observed effect of FASL deficiency on expression of Mmp2, typical for osteoblasts, in the gld mandibular/alveolar bone. Notably, an age-dependent bone phenotype was reported in Mmp2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jeremy Sadoine
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Barbora Vesela
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amina Djoudi
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Herve Lesot
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Poliard
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Shekhter AB, Balakireva AV, Kuznetsova NV, Vukolova MN, Litvitsky PF, Zamyatnin AA. Collagenolytic Enzymes and their Applications in Biomedicine. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:487-505. [PMID: 28990520 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006124236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, enzymatic therapy is a very promising line of treatment for many different diseases. There is a group of disorders and conditions, caused by fibrotic and scar processes and associated with the excessive accumulation of collagen that needs to be catabolized to normalize the connective tissue content. The human body normally synthesizes special extracellular enzymes, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) by itself. These enzymes can cleave components of extracellular matrix (ECM) and different types of collagen and thus maintain the balance of the connective tissue components. MMPs are multifunctional enzymes and are involved in a variety of organism processes. However, under pathological conditions, the function of MMPs is not sufficient, and these enzymes fail to deal with disease. Thus, medical intervention is required. Enzymatic therapy is a very effective way of treating such collagen-associated conditions. It involves the application of exogenous collagenolytic enzymes that catabolize excessive collagen at the affected site and lead to the successful elimination of disease. Such collagenolytic enzymes are synthesized by many organisms: bacteria, animals (especially marine organisms), plants and fungi. The most studied and commercially available are collagenases from Clostridium histolyticum and from the pancreas of the crab Paralithodes camtschatica, due to their ability to effectively hydrolyse human collagen without affecting other tissues, and their wide pH ranges of collagenolytic activity. In the present review, we summarize not only the data concerning existing collagenase-based medications and their applications in different collagen-related diseases and conditions, but we also propose collagenases from different sources for their potential application in enzymatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly B Shekhter
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Trubetskaya Str. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia V Balakireva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya Str. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Kuznetsova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya Str. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Marina N Vukolova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Pathophysiology, Trubetskaya Str. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Petr F Litvitsky
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Pathophysiology, Trubetskaya Str. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya Str. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation
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MMP2 and MMP10 Polymorphisms Are Related to Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head among Chinese Han Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8298193. [PMID: 31192258 PMCID: PMC6525909 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8298193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a relatively serious condition which seriously reduces patient quality of life. However, the pathogenesis of steroid-induced ONFH is still unclear. In recent years, more scholars have found that the pathogenesis of steroid-induced ONFH is related to susceptibility factors such as MMPs/TIMPs system. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between MMP2 and MMP10 gene polymorphisms and steroid-induced ONFH in Chinese Han population. Methods Six SNPs in MMP2 and two SNPs in MMP10 were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY RS1000 system from 286 patients of steroid-induced ONFH and in 309 healthy controls. The association between MMP2 and MMP10 polymorphisms and steroid-induced ONFH risk were estimated by the Chi-squared test, genetic model analysis, haplotype analysis, and stratification analysis. The relative risk was estimated by odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Result We found that the minor TG allele of rs470154 in MMP10 was associated with an increased risk of steroid-induced ONFH (OR = 1.45, 95% CI, 1.03 – 2.05, p = 0.032). In the genetic model analysis, we found that rs2241146 in MMP2 gene and rs470154 in MMP10 gene showed a statistically significant association with increased risk of steroid-induced ONFH. The six SNPs (rs470154, rs243866, rs243864, rs865094, rs11646643, and rs2241146) showed a statistically significant association with different clinical phenotypes. Conclusion Our results verify that genetic polymorphisms of MMP2 and MMP10 contribute to steroid-induced ONFH susceptibility in the population of Chinese Han population, and our study provides new insights into the role that MMP2 and MMP10 plays in the mechanism of ONFH.
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41
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Shirakawa J, Kajikawa S, Böttcher RT, Costell M, Izu Y, Hayata T, Noda M, Ezura Y. Profilin 1 Negatively Regulates Osteoclast Migration in Postnatal Skeletal Growth, Remodeling, and Homeostasis in Mice. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10130. [PMID: 31346562 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Profilin 1 (Pfn1), a regulator of actin polymerization, controls cell movement in a context-dependent manner. Pfn1 supports the locomotion of most adherent cells by assisting actin-filament elongation, as has been shown in skeletal progenitor cells in our previous study. However, because Pfn1 has also been known to inhibit migration of certain cells, including T cells, by suppressing branched-end elongation of actin filaments, we hypothesized that its roles in osteoclasts may be different from that of osteoblasts. By investigating the osteoclasts in culture, we first verified that Pfn1-knockdown (KD) enhances bone resorption in preosteoclastic RAW264.7 cells, despite having a comparable number and size of osteoclasts. Pfn1-KD in bone marrow cells showed similar results. Mechanistically, Pfn1-KD osteoclasts appeared more mobile than in controls. In vivo, the osteoclast-specific conditional Pfn1-deficient mice (Pfn1-cKO) by CathepsinK-Cre driver demonstrated postnatal skeletal phenotype, including dwarfism, craniofacial deformities, and long-bone metaphyseal osteolytic expansion, by 8 weeks of age. Metaphyseal and diaphyseal femurs were drastically expanded with suppressed trabecular bone mass as indicated by μCT analysis. Histologically, TRAP-positive osteoclasts were increased at endosteal metaphysis to diaphysis of Pfn1-cKO mice. The enhanced movement of Pfn1-cKO osteoclasts in culture was associated with a slight increase in cell size and podosome belt length, as well as an increase in bone-resorbing activity. Our study, for the first time, demonstrated that Pfn1 has critical roles in inhibiting osteoclast motility and bone resorption, thereby contributing to essential roles in postnatal skeletal homeostasis. Our study also provides novel insight into understanding skeletal deformities in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan.,Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology School of Dental Medicine Tsurumi University Yokohama Japan
| | - Shuhei Kajikawa
- Frontier Research Unit Skeletal Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Ralph T Böttcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology University of Valencia Spain
| | - Yayoi Izu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Hayata
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Tokyo University of Science Noda CHIBA Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan.,Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital Yokohama Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan.,Frontier Research Unit Skeletal Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
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Sprangers S, Everts V. Molecular pathways of cell-mediated degradation of fibrillar collagen. Matrix Biol 2019; 75-76:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Alemi AS, Mazur CM, Fowler TW, Woo JJ, Knott PD, Alliston T. Glucocorticoids cause mandibular bone fragility and suppress osteocyte perilacunar-canalicular remodeling. Bone Rep 2018; 9:145-153. [PMID: 30306100 PMCID: PMC6176786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes support dynamic, cell-intrinsic resorption and deposition of bone matrix through a process called perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR). In long bones, PLR depends on MMP13 and is tightly regulated by PTH, sclerostin, TGFβ, and glucocorticoids. However, PLR is regulated differently in the cochlea, suggesting a mechanism that is anatomically distinct. Unlike long bones, the mandible derives from neural crest and exhibits unique susceptibility to medication and radiation induced osteonecrosis. Therefore, we sought to determine if PLR in the mandible is suppressed by glucocorticoids, as it is in long bone. Hemimandibles were collected from mice subcutaneously implanted with prednisolone or vehicle containing pellets for 7, 21, or 55 days (n = 8/group) for radiographic and histological analyses. Within 21 days, micro-computed tomography revealed a glucocorticoid-dependent reduction in bone volume/total volume and trabecular thickness and a significant decrease in bone mineral density after 55 days. Within 7 days, glucocorticoids strongly and persistently repressed osteocytic expression of the key PLR enzyme MMP13 in both trabecular and cortical bone of the mandible. Cathepsin K expression was significantly reduced only after 55 days of glucocorticoid treatment, at which point histological analysis revealed a glucocorticoid-dependent reduction in the lacunocanalicular surface area. In addition to reducing bone mass and suppressing PLR, glucocorticoids also reduced the stiffness of mandibular bone in flexural tests. Thus, osteocyte PLR in the neural crest-derived mandible is susceptible to glucocorticoids, just as it is in the mesodermally-derived femur, highlighting the need to further study PLR as a target of drugs, and radiation in mandibular osteonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sean Alemi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Courtney M Mazur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, United States of America.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, United States of America
| | - Tristan W Fowler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Jonathon J Woo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, United States of America
| | - P Daniel Knott
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, United States of America.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, United States of America.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, United States of America
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Jiang L, Zhang C, Wei B. Association of MMP-8 rs2012390 and rs11225394 polymorphisms with osteonecrosis of the femoral head risks: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12753. [PMID: 30313082 PMCID: PMC6203581 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of MMP-8 rs2012390 and rs11225394 polymorphisms with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) risks was investigated in several studies with conflicting results. We performed the meta-analysis to evaluate the association between them. METHODS Potentially relevant literatures were searched from the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. All databases were searched up to May 6, 2018. The strength of associations of the MMP-8 rs2012390 and rs11225394 polymorphisms with ONFH risk was assessed by crude odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) under different genetic models. RESULTS A total of 1469 cases diagnosed with ONFH and 1211 healthy controls were included in the current meta-analysis. A remarkable association between rs11225394 in the MMP-8 gene and an increased risk of ONFH was found (allele model: OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09-1.61, P = .005; heterozygote model: OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.13-1.71, P = .002; dominant model: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.14-1.73, P = .002, respectively). Meanwhile, a significant association between MMP-8 rs2012390 and the decreased risk of ONFH was found in heterozygote model (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.51-0.77, P < .00001). CONCLUSION The meta-analysis results showed a remarkable association between rs11225394 in MMP-8 gene and an increased risk of ONFH and a significant association between MMP-8 rs2012390 and the decreased risk of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbin Jiang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi
| | - Chungang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Biaofang Wei
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi
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Svandova E, Vesela B, Lesot H, Sadoine J, Poliard A, Matalova E. FasL Modulates Expression of Mmp2 in Osteoblasts. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1314. [PMID: 30283358 PMCID: PMC6157335 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
FasL is a well-known actor in the apoptotic pathways but recent reports have pointed to its important novel roles beyond cell death, as observed also for bone cells. This is supported by non-apoptotic appearance of FasL during osteogenesis and by significant bone alterations unrelated to apoptosis in FasL deficient (gld) mice. The molecular mechanism behind this novel role has not yet been revealed. In this report, intramembranous bone, where osteoblasts differentiate directly from mesenchymal precursors without intermediary chondrogenic step, was investigated. Mouse mandibular bone surrounding the first lower molar was used as a model. The stage where a complex set of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts) is first present during development was selected for an initial examination. Immunohistochemical staining detected FasL in non-apoptotic cells at this stage. Further, FasL deficient vs. wild type samples subjected to osteogenic PCR Array analysis displayed a significantly decreased expression of Mmp2 in gld bone. To examine the possibility of this novel FasL–Mmp2 relationship, intramembranous bone-derived osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were treated with anti-FasL antibody or rmFasL. Indeed, the FasL neutralization caused a decreased expression of Mmp2 and rmFasL added to the cells resulted in the opposite effect. Since Mmp2-/- mice display age-dependent alterations in the intramembranous bone, early stages of gld mandibular bone were examined and age-dependent phenotype was confirmed also in gld mice. Taken together, the present in vivo and in vitro findings point to a new non-apoptotic function of FasL in bone development associated with Mmp2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Vesela
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hervé Lesot
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jeremy Sadoine
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Poliard
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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Osteocyte-Intrinsic TGF-β Signaling Regulates Bone Quality through Perilacunar/Canalicular Remodeling. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2585-2596. [PMID: 29186693 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor bone quality contributes to bone fragility in diabetes, aging, and osteogenesis imperfecta. However, the mechanisms controlling bone quality are not well understood, contributing to the current lack of strategies to diagnose or treat bone quality deficits. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is a crucial mechanism known to regulate the material quality of bone, but its cellular target in this regulation is unknown. Studies showing that osteocytes directly remodel their perilacunar/canalicular matrix led us to hypothesize that TGF-β controls bone quality through perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR). Using inhibitors and mice with an osteocyte-intrinsic defect in TGF-β signaling (TβRIIocy-/-), we show that TGF-β regulates PLR in a cell-intrinsic manner to control bone quality. Altogether, this study emphasizes that osteocytes are key in executing the biological control of bone quality through PLR, thereby highlighting the fundamental role of osteocyte-mediated PLR in bone homeostasis and fragility.
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Zheng X, Zhang Y, Guo S, Zhang W, Wang J, Lin Y. Dynamic expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 9 and 13 in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1807-1813. [PMID: 30186405 PMCID: PMC6122388 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the dynamic expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13 in an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis rat model. A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley female rats (age, 3 months) were randomly divided into the OVX and sham groups, with 40 rats in each group. Rats in the sham group received sham surgery, while the remaining rats were ovariectomized. After 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks, 10 rats from each group were randomly sacrificed, respectively. It was observed that the bone mineral density (BMD) and the trabecular bone area in the OVX group were significantly lower as compared with those in the sham group (P<0.01). The expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were negatively correlated with the BMD, while MMP-13 was positively correlated with the BMD. The expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased more abruptly and were significant higher in the OVX group in comparison with those in the sham group between 12 and 24 weeks after surgery (P<0.01). More specifically, the MMP-9 mRNA expression level in the OVX group increased abruptly between 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. By contrast, in the sham group, the MMP-9 mRNA level was undetectable between 12 and 16 weeks, and increased steadily between 16 and 24 weeks. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-13 initially increased and then decreased in the OVX group (P<0.01 vs. the sham group), whereas they continuously increased in the sham group between 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. In conclusion, MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13 regulated the development of osteoporosis, and MMP-9 may be used as an important marker in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zheng
- Acupuncture College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Acupuncture College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Guo
- Orthopedics Department, Zhangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Orthopedics Department, Luoyang Osteopathy Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471002, P.R. China
| | - Jinyun Wang
- Acupuncture College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Acupuncture College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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48
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Cutting to the Chase: How Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activity Controls Breast-Cancer-to-Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060185. [PMID: 29874869 PMCID: PMC6025260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastatic breast cancer is currently incurable and will be evident in more than 70% of patients that succumb to the disease. Understanding the factors that contribute to the progression and metastasis of breast cancer can reveal therapeutic opportunities. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes whose role in cancer has been widely documented. They are capable of contributing to every step of the metastatic cascade, but enthusiasm for the use of MMP inhibition as a therapeutic approach has been dampened by the disappointing results of clinical trials conducted more than 20 years ago. Since the trials, our knowledge of MMP biology has expanded greatly. Combined with advances in the selective targeting of individual MMPs and the specific delivery of therapeutics to the tumor microenvironment, we may be on the verge of finally realizing the promise of MMP inhibition as a treatment strategy. Here, as a case in point, we focus specifically on MMP-2 as an example to show how it can contribute to each stage of breast-cancer-to-bone metastasis and also discuss novel approaches for the selective targeting of MMP-2 in the setting of the bone-cancer microenvironment.
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Assis-Ribas T, Forni MF, Winnischofer SMB, Sogayar MC, Trombetta-Lima M. Extracellular matrix dynamics during mesenchymal stem cells differentiation. Dev Biol 2018; 437:63-74. [PMID: 29544769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that display self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capacity. The repertoire of mature cells generated ranges but is not restricted to: fat, bone and cartilage. Their potential importance for both cell therapy and maintenance of in vivo homeostasis is indisputable. Nonetheless, both their in vivo identity and use in cell therapy remain elusive. A drawback generated by this fact is that little is known about the MSC niche and how it impacts differentiation and homeostasis maintenance. Hence, the roles played by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its main regulators namely: the Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their counteracting inhibitors (TIMPs and RECK) upon stem cells differentiation are only now beginning to be unveiled. Here, we will focus on mesenchymal stem cells and review the main mechanisms involved in adipo, chondro and osteogenesis, discussing how the extracellular matrix can impact not only lineage commitment, but, also, their survival and potentiality. This review critically analyzes recent work in the field in an effort towards a better understanding of the roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the above-cited events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Assis-Ribas
- NUCEL-NETCEM-Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Forni
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- NUCEL-NETCEM-Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Trombetta-Lima
- NUCEL-NETCEM-Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05360-120, Brazil.
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Tokarz D, Martins JS, Petit ET, Lin CP, Demay MB, Liu ES. Hormonal Regulation of Osteocyte Perilacunar and Canalicular Remodeling in the Hyp Mouse Model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:499-509. [PMID: 29083055 PMCID: PMC6005377 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes remodel their surrounding perilacunar matrix and canalicular network to maintain skeletal homeostasis. Perilacunar/canalicular remodeling is also thought to play a role in determining bone quality. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels, resulting in hypophosphatemia and decreased production of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). In addition to rickets and osteomalacia, long bones from mice with XLH (Hyp) have impaired whole-bone biomechanical integrity accompanied by increased osteocyte apoptosis. To address whether perilacunar/canalicular remodeling is altered in Hyp mice, histomorphometric analyses of tibia and 3D intravital microscopic analyses of calvaria were performed. These studies demonstrate that Hyp mice have larger osteocyte lacunae in both the tibia and calvaria, accompanied by enhanced osteocyte mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and genes classically used by osteoclasts to resorb bone, such as cathepsin K (CTSK). Hyp mice also exhibit impaired canalicular organization, with a decrease in number and branching of canaliculi extending from tibial and calvarial lacunae. To determine whether improving mineral ion and hormone homeostasis attenuates the lacunocanalicular phenotype, Hyp mice were treated with 1,25D or FGF23 blocking antibody (FGF23Ab). Both therapies were shown to decrease osteocyte lacunar size and to improve canalicular organization in tibia and calvaria. 1,25D treatment of Hyp mice normalizes osteocyte expression of MMP13 and classic osteoclast markers, while FGF23Ab decreases expression of MMP13 and selected osteoclast markers. Taken together, these studies point to regulation of perilacunar/canalicular remodeling by physiologic stimuli including hypophosphatemia and 1,25D. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Tokarz
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janaina S Martins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Charles P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie B Demay
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva S Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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