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Wijaya CS, Xu S. Reevaluating Golgi fragmentation and its implications in wound repair. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38349608 PMCID: PMC10864233 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-024-00187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The Golgi Apparatus (GA) is pivotal in vesicle sorting and protein modifications within cells. Traditionally, the GA has been described as a perinuclear organelle consisting of stacked cisternae forming a ribbon-like structure. Changes in the stacked structure or the canonical perinuclear localization of the GA have been referred to as "GA fragmentation", a term widely employed in the literature to describe changes in GA morphology and distribution. However, the precise meaning and function of GA fragmentation remain intricate. This review aims to demystify this enigmatic phenomenon, dissecting the diverse morphological changes observed and their potential contributions to cellular wound repair and regeneration. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research, we hope to pave the way for future advancements in GA research and their important role in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sugiarto Wijaya
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Suhong Xu
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, China.
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2
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Zhang K, Zou Y, Shan M, Pan Z, Ju J, Liu J, Ji Y, Sun S. Arf1 GTPase Regulates Golgi-Dependent G2/M Transition and Spindle Organization in Oocyte Meiosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303009. [PMID: 38014604 PMCID: PMC10811507 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) is a small GTPase belonging to the Arf family. As a molecular switch, Arf1 is found to regulate retrograde and intra-Golgi transport, plasma membrane signaling, and organelle function during mitosis. This study aimed to explore the noncanonical roles of Arf1 in cell cycle regulation and cytoskeleton dynamics in meiosis with a mouse oocyte model. Arf1 accumulated in microtubules during oocyte meiosis, and the depletion of Arf1 led to the failure of polar body extrusion. Unlike mitosis, it finds that Arf1 affected Myt1 activity for cyclin B1/CDK1-based G2/M transition, which disturbed oocyte meiotic resumption. Besides, Arf1 modulated GM130 for the dynamic changes in the Golgi apparatus and Rab35-based vesicle transport during meiosis. Moreover, Arf1 is associated with Ran GTPase for TPX2 expression, further regulating the Aurora A-polo-like kinase 1 pathway for meiotic spindle assembly and microtubule stability in oocytes. Further, exogenous Arf1 mRNA supplementation can significantly rescue these defects. In conclusion, results reported the noncanonical functions of Arf1 in G2/M transition and meiotic spindle organization in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun‐Huan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Yuan‐Jing Zou
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Meng‐Meng Shan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Zhen‐Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Jia‐Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Jing‐Cai Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Yi‐Ming Ji
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Shao‐Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
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3
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Harwood MC, Woo TT, Takeo Y, DiMaio D, Tsai B. HPV is a cargo for the COPI sorting complex during virus entry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc9830. [PMID: 36662862 PMCID: PMC9858521 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During entry, human papillomavirus (HPV) traffics from the cell surface to the endosome and then to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and Golgi apparatus. HPV must transit across the TGN/Golgi and exit these compartments to reach the nucleus to cause infection, although how these steps are accomplished is unclear. Combining cellular fractionation, unbiased proteomics, and gene knockdown strategies, we identified the coat protein complex I (COPI), a highly conserved protein complex that facilitates retrograde trafficking of cellular cargos, as a host factor required for HPV infection. Upon TGN/Golgi arrival, the cytoplasmic segment of HPV L2 binds directly to COPI. COPI depletion causes the accumulation of HPV in the TGN/Golgi, resembling the fate of a COPI binding-defective L2 mutant. We propose that the L2-COPI interaction drives HPV trafficking through the TGN and Golgi stacks during virus entry. This shows that an incoming virus is a cargo of the COPI complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara C. Harwood
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tai-Ting Woo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuka Takeo
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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4
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Li J, Zhang J, Bui S, Ahat E, Kolli D, Reid W, Xing L, Wang Y. Common Assays in Mammalian Golgi Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:303-332. [PMID: 36512224 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi is a complex structure characterized by stacks of tightly aligned flat cisternae. In mammalian cells, Golgi stacks often concentrate in the perinuclear region and link together to form a ribbon. This structure is dynamic to accommodate continuous cargo flow in and out of the Golgi in both directions and undergoes morphological changes under physiological and pathological conditions. The fine, stacked Golgi structure makes it difficult to study by conventional light or even super-resolution microscopy. Furthermore, efforts to understand how Golgi structural dynamics impact cellular processes have been slow because of the knowledge gap in the protein machinery that maintains the complex and dynamic Golgi structure. In this method article, we list the common assays used in our research to help new and established researchers select the most appropriate method to properly address their questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Bui
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erpan Ahat
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Divya Kolli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Whitney Reid
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Fasano G, Muto V, Radio FC, Venditti M, Mosaddeghzadeh N, Coppola S, Paradisi G, Zara E, Bazgir F, Ziegler A, Chillemi G, Bertuccini L, Tinari A, Vetro A, Pantaleoni F, Pizzi S, Conti LA, Petrini S, Bruselles A, Prandi IG, Mancini C, Chandramouli B, Barth M, Bris C, Milani D, Selicorni A, Macchiaiolo M, Gonfiantini MV, Bartuli A, Mariani R, Curry CJ, Guerrini R, Slavotinek A, Iascone M, Dallapiccola B, Ahmadian MR, Lauri A, Tartaglia M. Dominant ARF3 variants disrupt Golgi integrity and cause a neurodevelopmental disorder recapitulated in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6841. [PMID: 36369169 PMCID: PMC9652361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle biogenesis, trafficking and signaling via Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi network support essential developmental processes and their disruption lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration. We report that de novo missense variants in ARF3, encoding a small GTPase regulating Golgi dynamics, cause a developmental disease in humans impairing nervous system and skeletal formation. Microcephaly-associated ARF3 variants affect residues within the guanine nucleotide binding pocket and variably perturb protein stability and GTP/GDP binding. Functional analysis demonstrates variably disruptive consequences of ARF3 variants on Golgi morphology, vesicles assembly and trafficking. Disease modeling in zebrafish validates further the dominant behavior of the mutants and their differential impact on brain and body plan formation, recapitulating the variable disease expression. In-depth in vivo analyses traces back impaired neural precursors' proliferation and planar cell polarity-dependent cell movements as the earliest detectable effects. Our findings document a key role of ARF3 in Golgi function and demonstrate its pleiotropic impact on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fasano
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Muto
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Venditti
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Niloufar Mosaddeghzadeh
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simona Coppola
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Paradisi
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy ,grid.12597.380000 0001 2298 9743Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Erika Zara
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Università “Sapienza”, Rome, 00185 Italy
| | - Farhad Bazgir
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alban Ziegler
- grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363UFR Santé de l’Université d’Angers, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR6015, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France ,grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Département de Génétique, CHU d’Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- grid.12597.380000 0001 2298 9743Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Bertuccini
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Servizio grandi strumentazioni e core facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinari
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Centro di riferimento per la medicina di genere, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Libenzio Adrian Conti
- grid.414603.4Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- grid.414603.4Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Guarnetti Prandi
- grid.12597.380000 0001 2298 9743Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Balasubramanian Chandramouli
- grid.431603.30000 0004 1757 1950Super Computing Applications and Innovation, CINECA, 40033 Casalecchio di Reno, Italy
| | - Magalie Barth
- grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Département de Génétique, CHU d’Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Céline Bris
- grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363UFR Santé de l’Université d’Angers, INSERM U1083, CNRS UMR6015, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France ,grid.411147.60000 0004 0472 0283Département de Génétique, CHU d’Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Donatella Milani
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- grid.512106.1Mariani Center for Fragile Children Pediatric Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Michaela V. Gonfiantini
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mariani
- grid.414603.4Department of Laboratories Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cynthia J. Curry
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Genetic Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Ca, Fresno, Ca, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Genetic Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Ca, Fresno, Ca, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Maria Iascone
- grid.460094.f0000 0004 1757 8431Medical Genetics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antonella Lauri
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- grid.414603.4Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Wang G, Yin W, Shin H, Tian Q, Lu W, Hou SX. Neuronal accumulation of peroxidated lipids promotes demyelination and neurodegeneration through the activation of the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:1024-1037. [PMID: 37118341 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidated lipids accumulate in the presence of reactive oxygen species and are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Here we find that neuronal ablation of ARF1, a small GTPase important for lipid homeostasis, promoted accumulation of peroxidated lipids, lipid droplets and ATP in the mouse brain and led to neuroinflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration, mainly in the spinal cord and hindbrain. Ablation of ARF1 in cultured primary neurons led to an increase in peroxidated lipids in co-cultured microglia, activation of the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome and release of inflammatory cytokines in an Apolipoprotein E-dependent manner. Deleting the Nlrp3 gene rescued the neurodegenerative phenotypes in the neuronal Arf1-ablated mice. We also observed a reduction in ARF1 in human brain tissue from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Together, our results uncover a previously unrecognized role of peroxidated lipids released from damaged neurons in activation of a neurotoxic microglial NLRP3 pathway that may play a role in human neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Wang
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Weiqin Yin
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyunhee Shin
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Qingjun Tian
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Steven X Hou
- Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Lauri A, Fasano G, Venditti M, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M. In vivo Functional Genomics for Undiagnosed Patients: The Impact of Small GTPases Signaling Dysregulation at Pan-Embryo Developmental Scale. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642235. [PMID: 34124035 PMCID: PMC8194860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While individually rare, disorders affecting development collectively represent a substantial clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic burden to patients, families, and society. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders are required to speed up diagnosis, improve counseling, and optimize management toward targeted therapies. Genome sequencing is now unveiling previously unexplored genetic variations in undiagnosed patients, which require functional validation and mechanistic understanding, particularly when dealing with novel nosologic entities. Functional perturbations of key regulators acting on signals' intersections of evolutionarily conserved pathways in these pathological conditions hinder the fine balance between various developmental inputs governing morphogenesis and homeostasis. However, the distinct mechanisms by which these hubs orchestrate pathways to ensure the developmental coordinates are poorly understood. Integrative functional genomics implementing quantitative in vivo models of embryogenesis with subcellular precision in whole organisms contribute to answering these questions. Here, we review the current knowledge on genes and mechanisms critically involved in developmental syndromes and pediatric cancers, revealed by genomic sequencing and in vivo models such as insects, worms and fish. We focus on the monomeric GTPases of the RAS superfamily and their influence on crucial developmental signals and processes. We next discuss the effectiveness of exponentially growing functional assays employing tractable models to identify regulatory crossroads. Unprecedented sophistications are now possible in zebrafish, i.e., genome editing with single-nucleotide precision, nanoimaging, highly resolved recording of multiple small molecules activity, and simultaneous monitoring of brain circuits and complex behavioral response. These assets permit accurate real-time reporting of dynamic small GTPases-controlled processes in entire organisms, owning the potential to tackle rare disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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8
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Zhang X, Wang L, Ireland SC, Ahat E, Li J, Bekier ME, Zhang Z, Wang Y. GORASP2/GRASP55 collaborates with the PtdIns3K UVRAG complex to facilitate autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy 2019; 15:1787-1800. [PMID: 30894053 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been indicated that the Golgi apparatus contributes to autophagy, but how it is involved in autophagosome formation and maturation is not well understood. Here we show that amino acid starvation causes trans-Golgi derived membrane fragments to colocalize with autophagosomes. Depletion of the Golgi stacking protein GORASP2/GRASP55, but not GORASP1/GRASP65, increases both MAP1LC3 (LC3)-II and SQSTM1/p62 levels. We demonstrate that GORASP2 facilitates autophagosome-lysosome fusion by physically linking autophagosomes and lysosomes through the interactions with LC3 on autophagosomes and LAMP2 on late endosomes/lysosomes. Furthermore, we provide evidence that GORASP2 interacts with BECN1 to facilitate the assembly and membrane association of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) UVRAG complex. These findings indicate that GORASP2 plays an important role in autophagosome maturation during amino acid starvation. Abbreviations: ATG14: autophagy related 14; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CQ: chloroquine; EBSS: earle's balanced salt solution; EM: electron microscopy; EEA1: early endosome antigen 1; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GORASP1/GRASP65: golgi reassembly stacking protein 1; GORASP2/GRASP55: golgi reassembly stacking protein 2; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; PK: protease K; PNS: post-nuclear supernatant; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SD: standard deviation; TGN: trans-Golgi network; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Leibin Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Stephen C Ireland
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Erpan Ahat
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Michael E Bekier
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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9
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Bansal A, Kirschner M, Zu L, Cai D, Zhang L. Coconut oil decreases expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and secretion of amyloid peptides through inhibition of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1). Brain Res 2018; 1704:78-84. [PMID: 30287345 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), affecting 5.3 million people in the U.S., impairs portions of the brain controlling memories. In humans, mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene has been implicated in increased plaque formation, which can block the communication between nerve cells, decrease dendritic formation and increase cell death, and promote neuroinflammation. As coconut oil has been suggested to alleviate the symptoms in AD patients, we examined the impact of coconut oil on APP expression and secretion of amyloid peptides in N2a cells expressing the human APP gene (N2a/APP695). We found that coconut oil treatment decreased APP expression in N2a cells and reduced the secretion of amyloid peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42. Moreover, coconut oil treatment promoted differentiation of N2a cells. Our data suggest that ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 (ARF1) may contribute to the effects of coconut oil on APP expression and secretion of Aβ. A high ARF1 expression was also detected in the primary neuronal cells from the mice overexpressing the Swedish mutant APP. Immunostaining results revealed that APP is co-localized with ARF1 in the Golgi apparatus and this interaction is impaired after coconut oil treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of ARF-1 using siRNA decreased secretion of amyloid peptides, confirming the impact of ARF1 on the secretion of amyloid peptides. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that coconut oil decreases intracellular ARF1 expression, thereby resulting in an inhibition of APP and amyloid β secretion. This study reveals a novel mechanism for intracellular APP processing in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Bansal
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Megan Kirschner
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Li Zu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dongming Cai
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lumin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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10
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Huang S, Wang Y. Golgi structure formation, function, and post-translational modifications in mammalian cells. F1000Res 2017; 6:2050. [PMID: 29225785 PMCID: PMC5710388 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11900.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central membrane organelle for trafficking and post-translational modifications of proteins and lipids in cells. In mammalian cells, it is organized in the form of stacks of tightly aligned flattened cisternae, and dozens of stacks are often linked laterally into a ribbon-like structure located in the perinuclear region of the cell. Proper Golgi functionality requires an intact architecture, yet Golgi structure is dynamically regulated during the cell cycle and under disease conditions. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the relationship between Golgi structure formation, function, and regulation, with focus on how post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitination regulate Golgi structure and on how Golgi unstacking affects its functions, in particular, protein trafficking, glycosylation, and sorting in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Hepatitis C virus triggers Golgi fragmentation and autophagy through the immunity-related GTPase M. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3462-E3471. [PMID: 28389568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616683114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive-stranded RNA viruses, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), assemble their viral replication complexes by remodeling host intracellular membranes to a membranous web. The precise composition of these replication complexes and the detailed mechanisms by which they are formed are incompletely understood. Here we show that the human immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM), known to contribute to autophagy, plays a previously unrecognized role in this process. We show that IRGM is localized at the Golgi apparatus and regulates the fragmentation of Golgi membranes in response to HCV infection, leading to colocalization of Golgi vesicles with replicating HCV. Our results show that IRGM controls phosphorylation of GBF1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Arf-GTPases, which normally operates in Golgi membrane dynamics and vesicle coating in resting cells. We also find that HCV triggers IRGM-mediated phosphorylation of the early autophagy initiator ULK1, thereby providing mechanistic insight into the role of IRGM in HCV-mediated autophagy. Collectively, our results identify IRGM as a key Golgi-situated regulator that links intracellular membrane remodeling by autophagy and Golgi fragmentation with viral replication.
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12
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Jongsma MLM, Berlin I, Neefjes J. On the move: organelle dynamics during mitosis. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 25:112-24. [PMID: 25466831 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A cell constitutes the minimal self-replicating unit of all organisms, programmed to propagate its genome as it proceeds through mitotic cell division. The molecular processes entrusted with ensuring high fidelity of DNA replication and subsequent segregation of chromosomes between daughter cells have therefore been studied extensively. However, to process the information encoded in its genome a cell must also pass on its non-genomic identity to future generations. To achieve productive sharing of intracellular organelles, cells have evolved complex mechanisms of organelle inheritance. Many membranous compartments undergo vast spatiotemporal rearrangements throughout mitosis. These controlled organizational changes are crucial to enabling completion of the division cycle and ensuring successful progeny. Herein we review current understanding of intracellular organelle segregation during mitotic division in mammalian cells, with a focus on compartment organization and integrity throughout the inheritance process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke L M Jongsma
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilana Berlin
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Bellouze S, Schäfer MK, Buttigieg D, Baillat G, Rabouille C, Haase G. Golgi fragmentation in pmn mice is due to a defective ARF1/TBCE cross-talk that coordinates COPI vesicle formation and tubulin polymerization. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5961-75. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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14
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Tang D, Wang Y. Cell cycle regulation of Golgi membrane dynamics. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:296-304. [PMID: 23453991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a membranous organelle in the cell that plays essential roles in protein and lipid trafficking, sorting, processing, and modification. Its basic structure is a stack of closely aligned flattened cisternae. In mammalian cells, dozens of Golgi stacks are often laterally linked into a ribbon-like structure. Biogenesis of the Golgi during cell division occurs through a sophisticated disassembly and reassembly process that can be divided into three distinct but cooperative steps, including the deformation and reformation of the Golgi cisternae, stacks, and ribbon. Here, we review our current understanding of the protein machineries that control these three steps in the cycle of mammalian cell division: GRASP65 and GRASP55 in Golgi stack and ribbon formation; ubiquitin and AAA ATPases in postmitotic Golgi membrane fusion; and golgins and cytoskeleton in Golgi ribbon formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danming Tang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
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15
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Mao L, Li N, Guo Y, Xu X, Gao L, Xu Y, Zhou L, Liu W. AMPK phosphorylates GBF1 for mitotic Golgi disassembly. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:1498-505. [PMID: 23418352 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the Golgi apparatus undergoes extensive fragmentation during mitosis; this is required not only for the partitioning of the complex but also for the process of mitosis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the mitotic fragmentation of the Golgi is far from clear. Here, we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is phosphorylated and activated when cells enter mitosis. Activated AMPK phosphorylates GBF1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Arf-GTPases, disassociating GBF1 from the Golgi membrane and abolishing the action of GBF1 as an Arf1-GEF. We further demonstrate that the phosphorylation of AMPK and GBF1 is essential for Golgi disassembly and subsequent mitosis entry. These data suggest that AMPK-GBF1-Arf1 signaling is involved in the regulation of Golgi fragmentation during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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16
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Xiang Y, Zhang X, Nix DB, Katoh T, Aoki K, Tiemeyer M, Wang Y. Regulation of protein glycosylation and sorting by the Golgi matrix proteins GRASP55/65. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1659. [PMID: 23552074 PMCID: PMC3620728 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi receives the entire output of newly synthesized cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum, processes it in the stack largely through modification of bound oligosaccharides, and sorts it in the trans-Golgi network. GRASP65 and GRASP55, two proteins localized to the Golgi stack and early secretory pathway, mediate processes including Golgi stacking, Golgi ribbon linking and unconventional secretion. Previously, we have shown that GRASP depletion in cells disrupts Golgi stack formation. Here we report that knockdown of the GRASP proteins, alone or combined, accelerates protein trafficking through the Golgi membranes but also has striking negative effects on protein glycosylation and sorting. These effects are not caused by Golgi ribbon unlinking, unconventional secretion or endoplasmic reticulum stress. We propose that GRASP55/65 are negative regulators of exocytic transport and that this slowdown helps to ensure more complete protein glycosylation in the Golgi stack and proper sorting at the trans-Golgi network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - David B. Nix
- The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, B122 Life Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-5016, USA
| | - Toshihiko Katoh
- The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, B122 Life Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-5016, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
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17
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Yadav S, Puthenveedu MA, Linstedt AD. Golgin160 recruits the dynein motor to position the Golgi apparatus. Dev Cell 2012; 23:153-65. [PMID: 22814606 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Membrane motility is a fundamental characteristic of all eukaryotic cells. One of the best-known examples is that of the mammalian Golgi apparatus, where constant inward movement of Golgi membranes results in its characteristic position near the centrosome. While it is clear that the minus-end-directed motor dynein is required for this process, the mechanism and regulation of dynein recruitment to Golgi membranes remains unknown. Here, we show that the Golgi protein golgin160 recruits dynein to Golgi membranes. This recruitment confers centripetal motility to membranes and is regulated by the GTPase Arf1. Further, during cell division, motor association with membranes is regulated by the dissociation of the receptor-motor complex from membranes. These results identify a cell-cycle-regulated membrane receptor for a molecular motor and suggest a mechanistic basis for achieving the dramatic changes in organelle positioning seen during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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18
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Tang D, Yuan H, Vielemeyer O, Perez F, Wang Y. Sequential phosphorylation of GRASP65 during mitotic Golgi disassembly. Biol Open 2012; 1:1204-14. [PMID: 23259055 PMCID: PMC3522882 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20122659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
GRASP65 phosphorylation during mitosis and dephosphorylation after mitosis are required for Golgi disassembly and reassembly during the cell cycle. At least eight phosphorylation sites on GRASP65 have been identified, but whether they are modified in a coordinated fashion during mitosis is so far unknown. In this study, we raised phospho-specific antibodies that recognize phosphorylated T220/T224, S277 and S376 residues of GRASP65, respectively. Biochemical analysis showed that cdc2 phosphorylates all three sites, while plk1 enhances the phosphorylation. Microscopic studies using these antibodies for double and triple labeling demonstrate sequential phosphorylation and dephosphorylation during the cell cycle. S277 and S376 are phosphorylated from late G2 phase through metaphase until telophase when the new Golgi is reassembled. T220/224 is not modified until prophase, but is highly modified from prometaphase to anaphase. In metaphase, phospho-T220/224 signal localizes on both Golgi haze and mitotic Golgi clusters that represent dispersed Golgi vesicles and Golgi remnants, respectively, while phospho-S277 and S376 labeling is more concentrated on mitotic Golgi clusters. Expression of a phosphorylation-resistant GRASP65 mutant T220A/T224A inhibited mitotic Golgi fragmentation to a much larger extent than the expression of the S277A and S376A mutants. In cytokinesis, T220/224 dephosphorylation occurs prior to that of S277, but after S376. This study provides evidence that GRASP65 is sequentially phosphorylated and dephosphorylated during mitosis at different sites to orchestrate Golgi disassembly and reassembly during cell division, with phosphorylation of the T220/224 site being most critical in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danming Tang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048 , USA
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19
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Marie M, Dale HA, Kouprina N, Saraste J. Division of the intermediate compartment at the onset of mitosis provides a mechanism for Golgi inheritance. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5403-16. [PMID: 22946056 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.108100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As mammalian cells prepare for mitosis, the Golgi ribbon is first unlinked into its constituent stacks and then transformed into spindle-associated, pleiomorphic membrane clusters in a process that remains enigmatic. Also, it remains unclear whether Golgi inheritance involves the incorporation of Golgi enzymes into a pool of coat protein I (COPI) vesicles, or their COPI-independent transfer to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Based on the observation that the intermediate compartment (IC) at the ER-Golgi boundary is connected to the centrosome, we examined its mitotic fate and possible role in Golgi breakdown. The use of multiple imaging techniques and markers revealed that the IC elements persist during the M phase, maintain their compositional and structural properties and remain associated with the mitotic spindle, forming circular arrays at the spindle poles. At G2/M transition, the movement of the pericentrosomal domain of the IC (pcIC) to the cell centre and its expansion coincide with the unlinking of the Golgi ribbon. At prophase, coupled to centrosome separation, the pcIC divides together with recycling endosomes, providing novel landmarks for mitotic entry. We provide evidence that the permanent IC elements function as way stations during the COPI-dependent dispersal of Golgi components at prometa- and metaphase, indicating that they correspond to the previously described Golgi clusters. In addition, they continue to communicate with the vesicular 'Golgi haze' and thus are likely to provide templates for Golgi reassembly. These results implicate the IC in mitotic Golgi inheritance, resulting in a model that integrates key features of the two previously proposed pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Marie
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
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20
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Chen X, Andrews PC, Wang Y. Quantitative analysis of liver Golgi proteome in the cell cycle. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 909:125-40. [PMID: 22903713 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-959-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, the Golgi membranes in mammalian cells undergo a continuous disassembly process and generate mitotic fragments that are distributed into the daughter cells and reassembled into new Golgi after mitosis. This disassembly and reassembly process is critical for Golgi biogenesis during cell division, but the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we have recapitulated this process using an in vitro assay and analyzed the proteins that are associated with interphase and mitotic Golgi membranes using quantitative proteomics that combines the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification approach with OFFGEL isoelectric focusing separation and LC-MALDI-MS/MS. A total of 1,193 Golgi-associated proteins were identified and quantified. These included broad functional categories: Golgi structural proteins, Golgi resident enzymes, SNAREs, Rab GTPases, and secretory and cytoskeletal proteins. More importantly, the combination of the quantitative proteomic approach with Western blot analysis allowed us to unveil 86 proteins with significant changes in abundance under the mitotic condition compared to the interphase condition. Altogether, this systematic quantitative proteomic study revealed candidate proteins of the molecular machinery that controls the Golgi disassembly and reassembly processes in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequn Chen
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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21
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Yu Y, Nomikos M, Theodoridou M, Nounesis G, Lai FA, Swann K. PLCζ causes Ca(2+) oscillations in mouse eggs by targeting intracellular and not plasma membrane PI(4,5)P(2). Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:371-80. [PMID: 22114355 PMCID: PMC3258180 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm-specific phospholipase C ζ (PLCζ) activates embryo development by triggering intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in mammalian eggs indistinguishable from those at fertilization. Somatic PLC isozymes generate inositol 1,4,5-trisphophate-mediated Ca(2+) release by hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P(2)) in the plasma membrane. Here we examine the subcellular source of PI(4,5)P(2) targeted by sperm PLCζ in mouse eggs. By monitoring egg plasma membrane PI(4,5)P(2) with a green fluorescent protein-tagged PH domain, we show that PLCζ effects minimal loss of PI(4,5)P(2) from the oolemma in contrast to control PLCδ1, despite the much higher potency of PLCζ in eliciting Ca(2+) oscillations. Specific depletion of this PI(4,5)P(2) pool by plasma membrane targeting of an inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (Inp54p) blocked PLCδ1-mediated Ca(2+) oscillations but not those stimulated by PLCζ or sperm. Immunolocalization of PI(4,5)P(2), PLCζ, and catalytically inactive PLCζ (ciPLCζ) revealed their colocalization to distinct vesicular structures inside the egg cortex. These vesicles displayed decreased PI(4,5)P(2) after PLCζ injection. Targeted depletion of vesicular PI(4,5)P(2) by expression of ciPLCζ-fused Inp54p inhibited the Ca(2+) oscillations triggered by PLCζ or sperm but failed to affect those mediated by PLCδ1. In contrast to somatic PLCs, our data indicate that sperm PLCζ induces Ca(2+) mobilization by hydrolyzing internal PI(4,5)P(2) stores, suggesting that the mechanism of mammalian fertilization comprises a novel phosphoinositide signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansong Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Michail Nomikos
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
- National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Maria Theodoridou
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
- National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - George Nounesis
- National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - F. Anthony Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Swann
- Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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22
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The ubiquitin ligase HACE1 regulates Golgi membrane dynamics during the cell cycle. Nat Commun 2011; 2:501. [PMID: 21988917 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Partitioning of the Golgi membrane into daughter cells during mammalian cell division occurs through a unique disassembly and reassembly process that is regulated by ubiquitination. However, the identity of the ubiquitin ligase is unknown. Here we show that the Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus (HECT) domain containing ubiquitin ligase HACE1 is targeted to the Golgi membrane through interactions with Rab proteins. The ubiquitin ligase activity of HACE1 in mitotic Golgi disassembly is required for subsequent postmitotic Golgi membrane fusion. Depletion of HACE1 using small interfering RNAs or expression of an inactive HACE1 mutant protein in cells impaired postmitotic Golgi membrane fusion. The identification of HACE1 as a Golgi-localized ubiquitin ligase provides evidence that ubiquitin has a critical role in Golgi biogenesis during the cell cycle.
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23
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Abstract
The Golgi is an essential membrane-bound organelle in the secretary pathway of eukaryotic cells. In mammalian cells, the Golgi stacks are integrated into a continuous perinuclear ribbon, which poses a challenge for the daughter cells to inherit this membrane organelle during cell division. To facilitate proper partitioning, the mammalian Golgi ribbon is disassembled into vesicles in early mitosis. Following segregation into the daughter cells, a functional Golgi is reformed. Here we summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the mitotic Golgi disassembly and postmitotic reassembly cycle in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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24
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Phosphorylation and membrane dissociation of the ARF exchange factor GBF1 in mitosis. Biochem J 2010; 427:401-12. [PMID: 20175751 DOI: 10.1042/bj20091681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Secretory protein trafficking is arrested and the Golgi apparatus fragmented when mammalian cells enter mitosis. These changes are thought to facilitate cell-cycle progression and Golgi inheritance, and are brought about through the actions of mitotically active protein kinases. To better understand how the Golgi apparatus undergoes mitotic fragmentation we have sought to identify novel Golgi targets for mitotic kinases. We report in the present paper the identification of the ARF (ADP-ribosylation factor) exchange factor GBF1 (Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistant guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 1) as a Golgi phosphoprotein. GBF1 is phosphorylated by CDK1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1)-cyclin B in mitosis, which results in its dissociation from Golgi membranes. Consistent with a reduced level of GBF1 activity at the Golgi membrane there is a reduction in levels of membrane-associated GTP-bound ARF in mitotic cells. Despite the reduced levels of membrane-bound GBF1 and ARF, COPI (coat protein I) binding to the Golgi membrane appears unaffected in mitotic cells. Surprisingly, this pool of COPI is dependent upon GBF1 for its recruitment to the membrane, suggesting that a low level of GBF1 activity persists in mitosis. We propose that the phosphorylation and membrane dissociation of GBF1 and the consequent reduction in ARF-GTP levels in mitosis are important for changes in Golgi dynamics and possibly other mitotic events mediated through effectors other than the COPI vesicle coat.
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25
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Reconstitution of the cell cycle-regulated Golgi disassembly and reassembly in a cell-free system. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:758-72. [PMID: 20360770 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus undergoes extensive disassembly during mitosis and reassembly in post-mitotic daughter cells. This process has been mimicked in vitro by treating Golgi membranes with mitotic and interphase cytosol. To determine the minimal machinery that controls the morphological change, we have developed a defined Golgi disassembly and reassembly assay that reconstitutes this process using purified proteins instead of cytosol. Treatment of Golgi membranes with mitotic kinases and COPI coat proteins efficiently disassembles the membranes into mitotic Golgi fragments, whereas further incubation with p97 or N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (two AAA ATPases involved in membrane fusion) and their cofactors, in combination with protein phosphatase PP2A, leads to reassembly of the membranes into new Golgi stacks. The whole process takes 3-4 d and is applicable for identification and determination of novel cytosolic and membrane proteins that regulate Golgi membrane dynamics in the cell cycle.
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Abstract
In vitro assays identified the Golgi peripheral protein GRASP65 as a Golgi stacking factor that links adjacent Golgi cisternae by forming mitotically regulated trans-oligomers. These conclusions, however, require further confirmation in the cell. In this study, we showed that the first 112 amino acids at the N-terminus (including the first PDZ domain, PDZ1) of the protein are sufficient for oligomerization. Systematic electron microscopic analysis showed that the expression of non-regulatable GRASP65 mutants in HeLa cells enhanced Golgi stacking in interphase and inhibited Golgi fragmentation during mitosis. Depletion of GRASP65 by small interference RNA (siRNA) reduced the number of cisternae in the Golgi stacks; this reduction was rescued by expressing exogenous GRASP65. These results provided evidence and a molecular mechanism by which GRASP65 stacks Golgi cisternal membranes. Further experiments revealed that inhibition of mitotic Golgi disassembly by expressing non-regulatable GRASP65 mutants did not affect equal partitioning of the Golgi membranes into the daughter cells. However, it delayed mitotic entry and suppressed cell growth; this effect was diminished by dispersing the Golgi apparatus with Brefeldin A treatment prior to mitosis, suggesting that Golgi disassembly at the onset of mitosis plays a role in cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danming Tang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
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27
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Abstract
The Ebolavirus matrix protein VP40 is essential for virion assembly and egress. Recently, we reported that the coat protein complex II (COPII) transport system plays an important role in the transport of VP40 to the plasma membrane. Here, we show that dominant-negative mutants of the GTPase Rab1b interfere with VP40-mediated particle formation. Rab1b activates GBF1 (Golgi-specific BFA [brefeldin A] resistance factor 1), a critical factor in the assembly of COPI vesicles. Activated GBF1 stimulates ARF1 (ADP ribosylation factor 1), which recruits coat protein to cellular membranes for the assembly of COPI vesicles. Here, we demonstrate that GBF1 and ARF1 are involved in Ebolavirus virion formation, suggesting that both the COPII and COPI transport systems play a role in Ebolavirus VP40-mediated particle formation. These findings provide new insights into the cellular pathways employed for Ebolavirus virion formation.
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28
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Xiang Y, Wang Y. GRASP55 and GRASP65 play complementary and essential roles in Golgi cisternal stacking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 188:237-51. [PMID: 20083603 PMCID: PMC2812519 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200907132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two peripheral GRASP membrane proteins work together to keep the Golgi from falling apart. In vitro studies have suggested that Golgi stack formation involves two homologous peripheral Golgi proteins, GRASP65 and GRASP55, which localize to the cis and medial-trans cisternae, respectively. However, no mechanism has been provided on how these two GRASP proteins work together to stack Golgi cisternae. Here, we show that depletion of either GRASP55 or GRASP65 by siRNA reduces the number of cisternae per Golgi stack, whereas simultaneous knockdown of both GRASP proteins leads to disassembly of the entire stack. GRASP55 stacks Golgi membranes by forming oligomers through its N-terminal GRASP domain. This process is regulated by phosphorylation within the C-terminal serine/proline-rich domain. Expression of nonphosphorylatable GRASP55 mutants enhances Golgi stacking in interphase cells and inhibits Golgi disassembly during mitosis. These results demonstrate that GRASP55 and GRASP65 stack mammalian Golgi cisternae via a common mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Chen X, Simon ES, Xiang Y, Kachman M, Andrews PC, Wang Y. Quantitative proteomics analysis of cell cycle-regulated Golgi disassembly and reassembly. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7197-207. [PMID: 20056612 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.047084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the stacked structure of the Golgi undergoes a continuous fragmentation process. The generated mitotic fragments are evenly distributed into the daughter cells and reassembled into new Golgi stacks. This disassembly and reassembly process is critical for Golgi biogenesis during cell division, but the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we have recapitulated this process using an in vitro assay and analyzed the proteins associated with interphase and mitotic Golgi membranes using a proteomic approach. Incubation of purified rat liver Golgi membranes with mitotic HeLa cell cytosol led to fragmentation of the membranes; subsequent treatment of these membranes with interphase cytosol allowed the reassembly of the Golgi fragments into new Golgi stacks. These membranes were then used for quantitative proteomics analyses by combining the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification approach with OFFGEL isoelectric focusing separation and liquid chromatography-matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. In three independent experiments, a total of 1,193 Golgi-associated proteins were identified and quantified. These included broad functional categories, such as Golgi structural proteins, Golgi resident enzymes, SNAREs, Rab GTPases, cargo, and cytoskeletal proteins. More importantly, the combination of the quantitative approach with Western blotting allowed us to unveil 84 proteins with significant changes in abundance under the mitotic condition compared with the interphase condition. Among these proteins, several COPI coatomer subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) are of particular interest. Altogether, this systematic quantitative proteomic study revealed candidate proteins of the molecular machinery that control the Golgi disassembly and reassembly processes in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequn Chen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, USA
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30
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Wei JH, Seemann J. Mitotic division of the mammalian Golgi apparatus. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:810-6. [PMID: 19508856 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful cell reproduction requires faithful duplication and proper segregation of cellular contents, including not only the genome but also intracellular organelles. Since the Golgi apparatus is an essential organelle of the secretory pathway, its accurate inheritance is therefore of importance to sustain cellular function. Regulation of Golgi division and its coordination with cell cycle progression involves a series of sequential events that are subjected to a precise spatiotemporal control. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the underlying mechanisms, the molecular players and the biological relevance of this process, particularly in mammalian cells, and discuss the unsolved problems and future perspectives opened by the recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hsuan Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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31
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Tang D, Mar K, Warren G, Wang Y. Molecular mechanism of mitotic Golgi disassembly and reassembly revealed by a defined reconstitution assay. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:6085-94. [PMID: 18156178 PMCID: PMC3291109 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707715200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, flat Golgi cisternae closely arrange together to form stacks. During mitosis, the stacked structure undergoes a continuous fragmentation process. The generated mitotic Golgi fragments are distributed into the daughter cells, where they are reassembled into new Golgi stacks. In this study, an in vitro assay has been developed using purified proteins and Golgi membranes to reconstitute the Golgi disassembly and reassembly processes. This technique provides a useful tool to delineate the mechanisms underlying the morphological change. There are two processes during Golgi disassembly: unstacking and vesiculation. Unstacking is mediated by two mitotic kinases, cdc2 and plk, which phosphorylate the Golgi stacking protein GRASP65 and thus disrupt the oligomer of this protein. Vesiculation is mediated by the COPI budding machinery ARF1 and the coatomer complex. When treated with a combination of purified kinases, ARF1 and coatomer, the Golgi membranes were completely fragmented into vesicles. After mitosis, there are also two processes in Golgi reassembly: formation of single cisternae by membrane fusion, and restacking. Cisternal membrane fusion requires two AAA ATPases, p97 and NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein), each of which functions together with specific adaptor proteins. Restacking of the newly formed Golgi cisternae requires dephosphorylation of Golgi stacking proteins by the protein phosphatase PP2A. This systematic study revealed the minimal machinery that controls the mitotic Golgi disassembly and reassembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danming Tang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
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32
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Wang Y, Wei JH, Bisel B, Tang D, Seemann J. Golgi cisternal unstacking stimulates COPI vesicle budding and protein transport. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1647. [PMID: 18297130 PMCID: PMC2249924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus in mammalian cells is composed of flattened cisternae that are densely packed to form stacks. We have used the Golgi stacking protein GRASP65 as a tool to modify the stacking state of Golgi cisternae. We established an assay to measure protein transport to the cell surface in post-mitotic cells in which the Golgi was unstacked. Cells with an unstacked Golgi showed a higher transport rate compared to cells with stacked Golgi membranes. Vesicle budding from unstacked cisternae in vitro was significantly increased compared to stacked membranes. These results suggest that Golgi cisternal stacking can directly regulate vesicle formation and thus the rate of protein transport through the Golgi. The results further suggest that at the onset of mitosis, unstacking of cisternae allows extensive and rapid vesiculation of the Golgi in preparation for its subsequent partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jen-Hsuan Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Blaine Bisel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Danming Tang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Joachim Seemann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- *E-mail:
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