1
|
Yasuda M, Lee S, Gan L, Bergonia HA, Desnick RJ, Phillips JD. Cimetidine Does Not Inhibit 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase or Heme Oxygenase Activity: Implications for Treatment of Acute Intermittent Porphyria and Erythropoietic Protoporphyria. Biomolecules 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 38254627 PMCID: PMC10813085 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is characterized by acute neurovisceral attacks that are precipitated by the induction of hepatic 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1). In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), sun exposure leads to skin photosensitivity due to the overproduction of photoreactive porphyrins in bone marrow erythroid cells, where heme synthesis is primarily driven by the ALAS2 isozyme. Cimetidine has been suggested to be effective for the treatment of both AIP and EPP based on limited case reports. It has been proposed that cimetidine acts by inhibiting ALAS activity in liver and bone marrow for AIP and EPP, respectively, while it may also inhibit the hepatic activity of the heme catabolism enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO). Here, we show that cimetidine did not significantly modulate the activity or expression of endogenous ALAS or HO in wildtype mouse livers or bone marrow. Further, cimetidine did not effectively decrease hepatic ALAS activity or expression or plasma concentrations of the putative neurotoxic porphyrin precursors 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG), which were all markedly elevated during an induced acute attack in an AIP mouse model. These results show that cimetidine is not an efficacious treatment for acute attacks and suggest that its potential clinical benefit for EPP is not via ALAS inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yasuda
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave Box 1498, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.L.); (L.G.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Sangmi Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave Box 1498, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.L.); (L.G.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave Box 1498, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.L.); (L.G.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Hector A. Bergonia
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (H.A.B.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Robert J. Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave Box 1498, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.L.); (L.G.); (R.J.D.)
| | - John D. Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (H.A.B.); (J.D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fahrer J, Wittmann S, Wolf AC, Kostka T. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Its Role in Colorectal Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1989. [PMID: 38001842 PMCID: PMC10669411 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme located at the endoplasmic reticulum, which is responsible for the degradation of cellular heme into ferrous iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin-IXa. In addition to this main function, the enzyme is involved in many other homeostatic, toxic and cancer-related mechanisms. In this review, we first summarize the importance of HO-1 in physiology and pathophysiology with a focus on the digestive system. We then detail its structure and function, followed by a section on the regulatory mechanisms that control HO-1 expression and activity. Moreover, HO-2 as important further HO isoform is discussed, highlighting the similarities and differences with regard to HO-1. Subsequently, we describe the direct and indirect cytoprotective functions of HO-1 and its breakdown products carbon monoxide and biliverdin-IXa, but also highlight possible pro-inflammatory effects. Finally, we address the role of HO-1 in cancer with a particular focus on colorectal cancer. Here, relevant pathways and mechanisms are presented, through which HO-1 impacts tumor induction and tumor progression. These include oxidative stress and DNA damage, ferroptosis, cell cycle progression and apoptosis as well as migration, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Fahrer
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (S.W.); (A.-C.W.)
| | | | | | - Tina Kostka
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (S.W.); (A.-C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee D, Son E, Kim YH. Transferrin-mediated increase of labile iron Pool following simulated ischemia causes lipid peroxidation during the early phase of reperfusion. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:713-729. [PMID: 36794395 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2169683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is related to iron content. However, the occurrence and mechanism of changes in labile iron pool (LIP) during I/R is debatable. Moreover, the identity of the iron form dominant in LIP during I/R is unclear. Herein, we measured changes of LIP during simulated ischemia (SI) and reperfusion (SR), in which ischemia was simulated in vitro with lactic acidosis and hypoxia. Total LIP did not change in lactic acidosis, whereas LIP, especially Fe3+, increased in hypoxia. Under SI, accompanied by hypoxia with acidosis, both Fe2+ and Fe3+ were significantly increased. Increased total LIP was maintained at 1 h post-SR. However, the Fe2+ and Fe3+ portion was changed. The increased Fe2+ was decreased, and conversely the Fe3+ was increased. BODIPY oxidized signal increased and through the time-course these changes correlated with blebbing of cell membrane and SR-induced LDH release. These data suggested lipid peroxidation occurred via Fenton's reaction. The experiments using bafilomycin A1 and zinc protoporphyrin suggested no role of ferritinophagy or heme oxidation in the increase of LIP during SI. The extracellular source, transferrin assessed using serum transferrin bound iron (TBI) saturation showed that the depletion of TBI reduced SR-induced cell damages and additive saturation of TBI accelerated SR-induced lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, Apo-Tf dramatically blocked the increase of LIP and SR-induced damages. In conclusion, Tf-mediated iron induces the increase of LIP during SI, and it causes Fenton reaction-mediated lipid peroxidation during the early phase of SR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Songpa-gu, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Songpa-gu, Korea
| | - Euncheol Son
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Songpa-gu, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Songpa-gu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martínez-Gascón LE, Ortiz MC, Galindo M, Sanchez JM, Sancho-Rodríguez N, Albaladejo-Otón MD, Rodríguez Mulero MD, Rodriguez F. Role of heme oxygenase in the regulation of the renal hemodynamics in a model of sex-dependent programmed hypertension by maternal diabetes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R181-R191. [PMID: 34984919 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00213.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine programming of cardiovascular and renal function occurs in diabetes because of the adverse maternal environment. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and -2 (HO-2) exert vasodilatory and antioxidant actions, particularly in conditions of elevated HO-1 expression or deficient nitric oxide levels. We evaluated whether the activity of the heme-HO system is differentially regulated by oxidative stress in the female offspring of diabetic mothers, contributing to the improved cardiovascular function in comparison with males. Diabetes was induced in pregnant rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg ip) in late gestation. Three-month-old male offspring from diabetic mothers (MODs) exhibited higher blood pressure (BP), higher renal vascular resistance (RVR), worse endothelium-dependent response to acetylcholine (ACH), and an increased constrictor response to phenylephrine (PHE) compared with those in age-matched female offspring of diabetic mothers (FODs), which were abolished by chronic tempol (1 mM) treatment. In anesthetized animals, stannous mesoporphyrin (SnMP; 40 µmol/kg iv) administration, to inhibit HO activity, increased RVR in FODs and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in MODs, without altering these parameters in control animals. When compared with MODs, FODs showed lower nitrotirosyne levels and higher HO-1 protein expression in renal homogenates. Indeed, chronic treatment with tempol in MODs prevented elevations in nitrotyrosine levels and the acute renal hemodynamics response to SnMP. Then, maternal diabetes results in sex-specific hypertension and renal alterations associated with oxidative stress mainly in adult male offspring, which are reduced in the female offspring by elevation in HO-1 expression and lower oxidative stress levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia E Martínez-Gascón
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Clara Ortiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Galindo
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - María Dolores Albaladejo-Otón
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez Mulero
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodriguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhardwaj N, Singh A. Splenectomy Modulates the Erythrocyte Turnover and Basigin (CD147) Expression in Mice. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2020; 36:711-718. [PMID: 33100715 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-020-01272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to study the splenectomy induced modulation of erythrocyte turnover in mice. We have also studied the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and basigin (CD147) expression level on erythrocytes in splenectomized condition. The erythrocyte turnover was studied by a newly developed double in vivo biotinylation (DIB) technique. This technique enables to discriminate three different age (young, intermediate and old) groups of erythrocytes. The expression level of ROS and CD147 was studied by staining with CM-H2DCFDA stain and anti-mouse CD147 monocloclonal antibody followed by flow cytometry. We observed that intermediate and old age groups of erythrocytes were randomly eliminated in splenectomized condition. A marked surge in the blood reticulocyte count was observed in splenectomized mice. Splenectomy induced the level of ROS and CD147 expression on erythrocytes. The expression level of ROS was induced up to 35 days, but it reversed to basal level by 42 days indicating the emergence of refractoriness to splenectomy. The CD147 expression was significantly higher on day 7, 21 and 28 but it also normalizes on later time points. We conclude that erythrocyte turnover is significantly modulated in splenectomized mice. The enhanced level of ROS and CD147 expression may be a possible cause to increase erythrocyte removal in splenectomized mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404 India.,School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP 226007 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carr JF, Garcia D, Scaffa A, Peterson AL, Ghio AJ, Dennery PA. Heme Oxygenase-1 Supports Mitochondrial Energy Production and Electron Transport Chain Activity in Cultured Lung Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186941. [PMID: 32971746 PMCID: PMC7554745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 is induced by many cellular stressors and catalyzes the breakdown of heme to generate carbon monoxide and bilirubin, which confer cytoprotection. The role of HO-1 likely extends beyond the simple production of antioxidants, for example HO-1 activity has also been implicated in metabolism, but this function remains unclear. Here we used an HO-1 knockout lung cell line to further define the contribution of HO-1 to cellular metabolism. We found that knockout cells exhibit reduced growth and mitochondrial respiration, measured by oxygen consumption rate. Specifically, we found that HO-1 contributed to electron transport chain activity and utilization of certain mitochondrial fuels. Loss of HO-1 had no effect on intracellular non-heme iron concentration or on proteins whose levels and activities depend on available iron. We show that HO-1 supports essential functions of mitochondria, which highlights the protective effects of HO-1 in diverse pathologies and tissue types. Our results suggest that regulation of heme may be an equally significant role of HO-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Carr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
| | - David Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Alejandro Scaffa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-444-5648
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ponka P, Sheftel AD, English AM, Scott Bohle D, Garcia-Santos D. Do Mammalian Cells Really Need to Export and Import Heme? Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:395-406. [PMID: 28254242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme is a cofactor that is essential to almost all forms of life. The production of heme is a balancing act between the generation of the requisite levels of the end-product and protection of the cell and/or organism against any toxic substrates, intermediates and, in this case, end-product. In this review, we provide an overview of our understanding of the formation and regulation of this metallocofactor and discuss new research on the cell biology of heme homeostasis, with a focus on putative transmembrane transporters now proposed to be important regulators of heme distribution. The main text is complemented by a discussion dedicated to the intricate chemistry and biochemistry of heme, which is often overlooked when new pathways of heme transport are conceived.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prem Ponka
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Alex D Sheftel
- Spartan Bioscience Inc., Ottawa, ON, K2H 1B2, Canada; High Impact Editing, Ottawa, ON, K1B 3Y6, Canada
| | - Ann M English
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling and PROTEO, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R, Canada
| | - D Scott Bohle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Daniel Garcia-Santos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheng HT, Yen CJ, Chang CC, Huang KT, Chen KH, Zhang RY, Lee PY, Miaw SC, Huang JW, Chiang CK, Wu KD, Hung KY. Ferritin heavy chain mediates the protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 against oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2506-17. [PMID: 26423448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects cell from injury yet its enzymatic product, iron, may facilitate generation of free radical has been long puzzling. Here we establish a functional connection between ferritin heavy chain (FHC) and HO-1. In human lupus nephritis HO-1 and FHC are colocalized within the glomeruli. In rodent anti-Thy1 (thymocyte antigen 1) induced glomerulonephritis, heme oxygenase blockade lowers the expression of FHC and accelerates mesangial cell death. Stimulation of heme oxygenase in cultured rat mesangial cell enhances its resistance to hydrogen peroxide, whereas FHC knockdown by RNA interference compromises this salutary effect. RNA interference of HO-1 makes the cell more susceptible to hydrogen peroxide, which can be rescued by forced expression of wild-type FHC but not mutants that lose the capacity of iron storage and ferroxidase activity. Phosphorylation of JunD was not sustained in these cells. Microarray analysis identifies four candidate transcriptional factors that may regulate the HO-1-induced transcription of FHC. Our results support the role of FHC in neutralizing the iron toxicity as well as mediating the protective effect of HO-1 in response to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Teng Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin Chu City 30059, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Jen Yen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chih Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tong Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Yang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin Chu City 30059, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Chuen Miaw
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Wen Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Kwan-Dun Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang M, Kimura M, Ng C, He J, Keshvari S, Rose FJ, Barclay JL, Whitehead JP. Induction of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) does not enhance adiponectin production in human adipocytes: Evidence against a direct HO-1 - Adiponectin axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:209-16. [PMID: 26143632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a salutary adipokine and hypoadiponectinemia is implicated in the aetiology of obesity-related inflammation and cardiometabolic disease making therapeutic strategies to increase adiponectin attractive. Emerging evidence, predominantly from preclinical studies, suggests induction of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increases adiponectin production and reduces inflammatory tone. Here, we aimed to test whether induction of HO-1 enhanced adiponectin production from mature adipocytes. Treatment of human adipocytes with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) or hemin for 24-48 h increased HO-1 expression and activity without affecting adiponectin expression and secretion. Treatment of adipocytes with TNFα reduced adiponectin secretion and increased expression and secretion of additional pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and MCP-1, as well as expression of sXBP-1, a marker of ER stress. HO-1 induction failed to reverse these effects. These results demonstrate that induction of HO-1 does not directly enhance adiponectin production or ameliorate the pro-inflammatory effects of TNFα and argue against a direct HO-1 - adiponectin axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengliu Yang
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Choaping Ng
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jingjing He
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felicity J Rose
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Johanna L Barclay
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Whitehead
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smith A, McCulloh RJ. Hemopexin and haptoglobin: allies against heme toxicity from hemoglobin not contenders. Front Physiol 2015; 6:187. [PMID: 26175690 PMCID: PMC4485156 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal here is to describe our current understanding of heme metabolism and the deleterious effects of "free" heme on immunological processes, endothelial function, systemic inflammation, and various end-organ tissues (e.g., kidney, lung, liver, etc.), with particular attention paid to the role of hemopexin (HPX). Because heme toxicity is the impetus for much of the pathology in sepsis, sickle cell disease (SCD), and other hemolytic conditions, the biological importance and clinical relevance of HPX, the predominant heme binding protein, is reinforced. A perspective on the function of HPX and haptoglobin (Hp) is presented, updating how these two proteins and their respective receptors act simultaneously to protect the body in clinical conditions that entail hemolysis and/or systemic intravascular (IVH) inflammation. Evidence from longitudinal studies in patients supports that HPX plays a Hp-independent role in genetic and non-genetic hemolytic diseases without the need for global Hp depletion. Evidence also supports that HPX has an important role in the prognosis of complex illnesses characterized predominantly by the presence of hemolysis, such as SCD, sepsis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and conditions involving IVH and extravascular hemolysis (EVH), such as that generated by extracorporeal circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and from blood transfusions. We propose that quantitating the amounts of plasma heme, HPX, Hb-Hp, heme-HPX, and heme-albumin levels in various disease states may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the above-mentioned conditions, which is crucial to developing targeted plasma protein supplementation (i.e., "replenishment") therapies for patients with heme toxicity due to HPX depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas City, MO, USA
| | - Russell J. McCulloh
- Pediatric and Adult Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy-Kansas CityKansas City, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas City, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takeda TA, Mu A, Tai TT, Kitajima S, Taketani S. Continuous de novo biosynthesis of haem and its rapid turnover to bilirubin are necessary for cytoprotection against cell damage. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10488. [PMID: 25990790 PMCID: PMC4438432 DOI: 10.1038/srep10488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that haem serves as the prosthetic group of various haemoproteins that function in oxygen transport, respiratory chain, and drug metabolism. However, much less is known about the functions of the catabolites of haem in mammalian cells. Haem is enzymatically degraded to iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin, which is then converted to bilirubin. Owing to difficulties in measuring bilirubin, however, the generation and transport of this end product remain unclear despite its clinical importance. Here, we used UnaG, the recently identified bilirubin-binding fluorescent protein, to analyse bilirubin production in a variety of human cell lines. We detected a significant amount of bilirubin with many non-blood cell types, which was sensitive to inhibitors of haem metabolism. These results suggest that there is a basal level of haem synthesis and its conversion into bilirubin. Remarkably, substantial changes were observed in the bilirubin generation when cells were exposed to stress insults. Since the stress-induced cell damage was exacerbated by the pharmacological blockade of haem metabolism but was ameliorated by the addition of biliverdin and bilirubin, it is likely that the de novo synthesis of haem and subsequent conversion to bilirubin play indispensable cytoprotective roles against cell damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taka-aki Takeda
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Anfeng Mu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tran Tien Tai
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Sakihito Kitajima
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Layoun A, Samba M, Santos MM. Isolation of murine peritoneal macrophages to carry out gene expression analysis upon Toll-like receptors stimulation. J Vis Exp 2015:e52749. [PMID: 25993651 PMCID: PMC4541597 DOI: 10.3791/52749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages express surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize molecular patterns conserved through evolution in a wide range of microorganisms. TLRs play a central role in macrophage activation which is usually associated with gene expression alteration. Macrophages are critical in many diseases and have emerged as attractive targets for therapy. In the following protocol, we describe a procedure to isolate murine peritoneal macrophages using Brewer's thioglycollate medium. The latter will boost monocyte migration into the peritoneum, accordingly this will raise macrophage yield by 10-fold. Several studies have been carried out using bone marrow, spleen or peritoneal derived macrophages. However, peritoneal macrophages were shown to be more mature upon isolation and are more stable in their functionality and phenotype. Thus, macrophages isolated from murine peritoneal cavity present an important cell population that can serve in different immunological and metabolic studies. Once isolated, macrophages were stimulated with different TLR ligands and consequently gene expression was evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Layoun
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du cancer de Montréal;
| | - Macha Samba
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du cancer de Montréal
| | - Manuela M Santos
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du cancer de Montréal; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Genetic variants in haem metabolism enzymes can be predisposition factors for adverse reactions in some individuals. New areas of haem biology may also be associated with idiosyncratic effects which are yet to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Vágány
- MRC Toxicology Unit
- Hodgkin Building
- University of Leicester
- Leicester LE1 9HN
- UK
| | - Andrew G. Smith
- MRC Toxicology Unit
- Hodgkin Building
- University of Leicester
- Leicester LE1 9HN
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lawen A, Lane DJR. Mammalian iron homeostasis in health and disease: uptake, storage, transport, and molecular mechanisms of action. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013. [PMID: 23199217 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a crucial factor for life. However, it also has the potential to cause the formation of noxious free radicals. These double-edged sword characteristics demand a tight regulation of cellular iron metabolism. In this review, we discuss the various pathways of cellular iron uptake, cellular iron storage, and transport. Recent advances in understanding the reduction and uptake of non-transferrin-bound iron are discussed. We also discuss the recent progress in the understanding of transcriptional and translational regulation by iron. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the regulation of cellular and systemic iron homeostasis and several key diseases resulting from iron deficiency and overload. We also discuss the knockout mice available for studying iron metabolism and the related human conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfons Lawen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Induction or ectopic overexpression of HO-1 (haem oxygenase 1) protects against a wide variety of disorders. These protective effects have been variably ascribed to generation of carbon monoxide (released during cleavage of the alpha-methene bridge of haem) and/or to production of the antioxidant bilirubin. We investigated HO-1-overexpressing A549 cells and find that, as expected, HO-1-overexpressing cells are resistant to killing by hydrogen peroxide. Surprisingly, these cells have approximately twice the normal amount of intracellular iron which usually tends to amplify oxidant killing. However, HO-1-overexpressing cells contain only ~25% as much 'loose' (probably redox active) iron. Indeed, inhibition of ferritin synthesis [via siRNA (small interfering RNA) directed at the ferritin heavy chain] sensitizes the HO-1-overexpressing cells to peroxide killing. It appears that HO-1 overexpression leads to enhanced destruction of haem, consequent 2-3-fold induction of ferritin, and compensatory increases in transferrin receptor expression and haem synthesis. However, there is no functional haem deficiency because cellular oxygen consumption and catalase activity are similar in both cell types. We conclude that, at least in many cases, the cytoprotective effects of HO-1 induction or forced overexpression may derive from elevated expression of ferritin and consequent reduction of redox active 'loose' iron.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li C, Lönn ME, Xu X, Maghzal GJ, Frazer DM, Thomas SR, Halliwell B, Richardson DR, Anderson GJ, Stocker R. Sustained expression of heme oxygenase-1 alters iron homeostasis in nonerythroid cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:366-74. [PMID: 22579918 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenases initiate the catabolism of heme, releasing carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. Sustained induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in nonerythroid cells plays a key role in many pathological processes, yet the effect of long-term HO-1 expression on cellular iron metabolism in the absence of exogenous heme is poorly understood. Here we report that in a model nonerythroid cell, both transient and stable HO-1 expression increased heme oxygenase activity, but total cellular heme content was decreased only with transient enzyme expression. Sustained HO-1 activity increased the expression of both the mitochondrial iron importer mitoferrin-2 and the rate-limiting enzyme in heme synthesis, aminolevulinate synthase-1, and it augmented the mitochondrial content of heme. Also, the expression of transferrin receptor-1 and the activities of iron-regulatory proteins 1 and 2 decreased, whereas total labile iron and the regulatory activity of the heme-binding transcription factor Bach1 were unaltered. In addition, stable, but not transient, HO-1 expression decreased the activities of aconitase, as well as increasing proteasomal degradation of ferritin. Together, our results reveal a novel and coordinated adaptive response of nonerythroid cells to sustained HO-1 induction that has an impact on cellular iron homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences (Pathology) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Transient increase of free iron in rat livers following hemorrhagic-traumatic shock and reperfusion is independent of heme oxygenase 1 upregulation. Shock 2012; 36:501-9. [PMID: 21841538 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318231822d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic-traumatic shock (HTS) followed by reperfusion induces heme oxygenase (HO) 1. Free iron (Fe2+) may cause oxidative stress, if not adequately sequestered. We aimed to characterize HO-1-mediated effects on Fe2+ levels in liver and transferrin-bound iron (TFBI) in plasma following HTS, including laparotomy, bleeding, and inadequate and adequate reperfusion. Anesthetized rats showed upregulated HO-1 mRNA at 40 min after HTS, which was followed by increased HO activity at 3 h after shock. Fe2+ levels were transiently increased at 40 min after shock, a time point when HO activity was not affected yet. Levels of plasma TFBI were higher in HTS animals, showing the highest levels at 40 min after shock, and decreased thereafter. In addition, we modulated HO activity 6 h before HTS by administering an inhibitor (zinc-protoporphyrin IX) or an activator (hemin) of HO. At 18 h after HTS in all shock groups, HO activity was increased, the highest being in the hemin-pretreated group. The zinc-protoporphyrin IX-treated HTS animals showed increased HO-1 mRNA and Fe2+ levels in the liver compared with the untreated HTS animals. Transferrin-bound iron levels were affected by pharmacological modulation before shock. All animals undergoing HTS displayed increased TFBI levels after reperfusion; however, in animals pretreated with hemin, TFBI levels increased less. Our data indicate that increase in Fe2+ levels in liver and plasma early after HTS is not mediated by HO-1 upregulation, but possibly reflects an increased mobilization from internal iron stores or increased cell damage. Thus, upregulation of HO activity by hemin does not increase Fe2+ levels following HTS and reperfusion.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zelenka J, Muchova L, Zelenkova M, Vanova K, Vreman HJ, Wong RJ, Vitek L. Intracellular accumulation of bilirubin as a defense mechanism against increased oxidative stress. Biochimie 2012; 94:1821-7. [PMID: 22580386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects have been associated with elevations of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in serum and with the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in UCB synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the intracellular metabolism and antioxidant properties of UCB in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and tissues of Wistar rats exposed to oxidative stressors and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. Intracellular UCB concentrations in HepG2 cells correlated with its levels in culture media (p < 0.001) and diminished lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). Moreover, induction of HO-1 with sodium arsenite led to 2.4-fold (p = 0.01) accumulation of intracellular UCB over basal level while sodium azide-derived oxidative stress resulted in a 60% drop (p < 0.001). This decrease was ameliorated by UCB elevation in media or by simultaneous induction of HO-1. In addition, hyperbilirubinemia and liver HO-1 induction in LPS-treated rats resulted in a 2-fold accumulation of tissue UCB (p = 0.01) associated with enhanced protection against lipid peroxidation (p = 0.02). In conclusion, hyperbilirubinemia and HO-1 induction associated with inflammation and oxidative stress increase intracellular concentrations of UCB, thus enhancing the protection of cellular lipids against peroxidation. Therefore, the previously reported protective effects of hyperbilirubinemia and HO-1 induction are at least in part due to intracellular accumulation of UCB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Zelenka
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, Dept. 75, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Type 2 diabetic patients and their offspring show altered parameters of iron status, oxidative stress and genes related to mitochondrial activity. Biometals 2012; 25:725-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
20
|
Hemopexin decreases hemin accumulation and catabolism by neural cells. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:488-94. [PMID: 22342655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemopexin is a serum, CSF, and neuronal protein that is protective after experimental stroke. Its efficacy in the latter has been linked to increased expression and activity of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, suggesting that it facilitates heme degradation and subsequent release of cytoprotective biliverdin and carbon monoxide. In this study, the effect of hemopexin on the rate of hemin breakdown by CNS cells was investigated in established in vitro models. Equimolar hemopexin decreased hemin breakdown, as assessed by gas chromatography, by 60-75% in primary cultures of murine neurons and glia. Extracellular hemopexin reduced cell accumulation of ⁵⁵Fe-hemin by over 90%, while increasing hemin export or extraction from membranes by fourfold. This was associated with significant reduction in HO-1 expression and neuroprotection. In a cell-free system, hemin breakdown by recombinant HO-1 was reduced over 80% by hemopexin; in contrast, albumin and two other heme-binding proteins had no effect. Although hemopexin was detected on immunoblots of cortical lysates from adult mice, hemopexin knockout per se did not alter HO activity in cortical cells treated with hemin. These results demonstrate that hemopexin decreases the accumulation and catabolism of exogenous hemin by neural cells. Its beneficial effect in stroke models is unlikely to be mediated by increased production of cytoprotective heme breakdown products.
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Sun XJ, Liu J, Kang ZM, Deng XM. Heme oxygenase-1 could mediate the protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:675-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
22
|
Ramírez-Boo M, Núnez E, Jorge I, Navarro P, Fernandes LT, Segalés J, Garrido JJ, Vázquez J, Moreno Á. Quantitative proteomics by 2-DE, 16O/18O labelling and linear ion trap mass spectrometry analysis of lymph nodes from piglets inoculated by porcine circovirus type 2. Proteomics 2011; 11:3452-69. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Khan AA, Quigley JG. Control of intracellular heme levels: heme transporters and heme oxygenases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1813:668-82. [PMID: 21238504 PMCID: PMC3079059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heme serves as a co-factor in proteins involved in fundamental biological processes including oxidative metabolism, oxygen storage and transport, signal transduction and drug metabolism. In addition, heme is important for systemic iron homeostasis in mammals. Heme has important regulatory roles in cell biology, yet excessive levels of intracellular heme are toxic; thus, mechanisms have evolved to control the acquisition, synthesis, catabolism and expulsion of cellular heme. Recently, a number of transporters of heme and heme synthesis intermediates have been described. Here we review aspects of heme metabolism and discuss our current understanding of heme transporters, with emphasis on the function of the cell-surface heme exporter, FLVCR. Knockdown of Flvcr in mice leads to both defective erythropoiesis and disturbed systemic iron homeostasis, underscoring the critical role of heme transporters in mammalian physiology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar A. Khan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL-60612
| | - John G. Quigley
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL-60612
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martin-Chouly C, Morzadec C, Bonvalet M, Galibert MD, Fardel O, Vernhet L. Inorganic arsenic alters expression of immune and stress response genes in activated primary human T lymphocytes. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:956-65. [PMID: 21281968 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic, a carcinogenic environmental contaminant, exerts immunosuppressive effects on human T lymphocytes. In particular, interleukin-2 (IL2) secretion and T cell proliferation are reduced when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals chronically exposed to arsenic are stimulated ex vivo with lectins such as phytohemaglutinin (PHA). However, it is not clear whether the metalloid directly acts on T cells or blocks monocyte-dependent accessory signals activated by PHA. We report that in vitro pre-treatment of PBMC with sodium arsenite (NaAs) reduces IL2 secretion and T cell proliferation induced by PHA, but does not prevent expression of monocyte-derived cytokines (IL1, IL6, TNFα) functioning as lymphocyte-activating factors. In addition, we found that NaAs delays induction of IL2 and IL2 receptor α chain (IL2RA) mRNA levels in human primary isolated T cells activated by PHA. Kinetic analysis showed that NaAs pre-treatment first inhibits, but thereafter markedly increases, induction of IL2 and IL2RA mRNA when T cells are stimulated with PHA for 8 h and 72 h, respectively. We conducted whole genome microarray-based analysis of gene expression in primary T cell cultures derived from independent donors. NaAs systematically and significantly up-regulated a set of 35 genes, including several immune and stress genes, such as IL13, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, lymphotoxin α and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Up-regulation of HO-1, a stress and immunosuppressive protein, was rapidly detectable, both in T cells and in PBMC treated with NaAs. Inhibition of the immunosuppressive activity of HO-1 in PBMC however failed to prevent NaAs-dependent inhibition of T cell proliferation induced by PHA. Our findings demonstrate that, at least in vitro, inorganic arsenic acts directly on human T cells and impairs their activity, probably independently of HO-1 expression and monocyte-related accessory signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement Travail, EA-4427 Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques, Université de Rennes 1, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cellular iron depletion weakens induction of heme oxygenase-1 by cadmium. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) limits access to transplantation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a powerful antioxidant enzyme which degrades free heme into biliverdin, free iron and carbon monoxide. HO-1 and its metabolites have the ability to modulate a wide variety of inflammatory disorders including hepatic IRI. Mechanisms of this protective effect include reduction of oxygen free radicals, alteration of macrophage and T cell phenotype. Further work is required to understand the physiological importance of the many actions of HO-1 identified experimentally, and to harness the protective effect of HO-1 for therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kitamura A, Nishida K, Komiyama T, Doi H, Kadota Y, Yoshida A, Ozaki T. Increased level of heme oxygenase-1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. Mod Rheumatol 2010; 21:150-7. [PMID: 21113640 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-010-0372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression and localization of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in synovial fluid and synovial tissue, and examined the stimulation of HO-1 production in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Synovial fluid samples were obtained from knee joints of 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and concentration of HO-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Synovial tissues obtained from RA or OA patients during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were used for immunohistochemical analysis of HO-1. HO-1 production by RASFs in response to various cytokines was examined by ELISA. HO-1 levels in synovial fluid were higher in the RA group than in the OA group with significant difference (P < 0.001), and correlated with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level (r = 0.80, P < 0.01) in the RA group. Higher levels of HO-1 were seen in the RA-L group (Larsen grade III-V) than in the RA-E (Larsen grade 0-II) group (P < 0.001). There was weak correlation between the levels of HO-1 protein and MMP-3 in synovial fluid in the RA group (r = 0.31, P < 0.01), while no positive correlation was observed in OA. Positive immunoreaction for HO-1 was observed in cells of synovial tissue including synovial fibroblasts and cells in synovial pannus. HO-1 protein levels in cultured media of RASFs were increased by stimulation by interleukin-1β at 6 h and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at 12 h, but suppressed by interferon-gamma at 12 and 24 h. These results indicated that HO-1 expression in synovial tissue might be stimulated by inflammatory cytokines. The correlation of HO-1 concentration in synovial fluid with serum CRP and MMP-3 in joint fluid indicated that HO-1 might be useful as a marker of joint inflammation in RA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kitamura
- Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Correia MA, Sinclair PR, De Matteis F. Cytochrome P450 regulation: the interplay between its heme and apoprotein moieties in synthesis, assembly, repair, and disposal. Drug Metab Rev 2010; 43:1-26. [PMID: 20860521 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2010.515222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heme is vital to our aerobic universe. Heme cellular content is finely tuned through an exquisite control of synthesis and degradation. Heme deficiency is deleterious to cells, whereas excess heme is toxic. Most of the cellular heme serves as the prosthetic moiety of functionally diverse hemoproteins, including cytochromes P450 (P450s). In the liver, P450s are its major consumers, with >50% of hepatic heme committed to their synthesis. Prosthetic heme is the sine qua non of P450 catalytic biotransformation of both endo- and xenobiotics. This well-recognized functional role notwithstanding, heme also regulates P450 protein synthesis, assembly, repair, and disposal. These less well-appreciated aspects are reviewed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Almira Correia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, 94158, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Soe-Lin S, Apte SS, Mikhael MR, Kayembe LK, Nie G, Ponka P. Both Nramp1 and DMT1 are necessary for efficient macrophage iron recycling. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:609-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Iron is essential for all life, yet can be dangerous under certain conditions. Iron storage by the 24-subunit protein ferritin renders excess amounts of the metal non-reactive and, consequentially, ferritin is crucial for life. Although the mechanism detailing the storage of iron in ferritin has been well characterized, little is known about the fate of ferritin-stored iron and whether it can be released and reutilized for metabolic use within a single cell. Virtually nothing is known about the use of ferritin-derived iron in non-erythroid cells. We therefore attempted to answer the question of whether iron from ferritin can be used for haem synthesis in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells. Cells treated with ALA (5-aminolaevulinic acid; a precursor of haem synthesis) show increased haem production as determined by enhanced incorporation of transferrin-bound 59Fe into haem. However, the present study shows that, upon the addition of ALA, 59Fe from ferritin cannot be incorporated into haem. Additionally, little 59Fe is liberated from ferritin when haem synthesis is increased upon addition of ALA. In conclusion, ferritin in cultivated macrophages is not a significant source of iron for the cell's own metabolic functions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Flanagan JM, Steward S, Hankins JS, Howard TM, Neale G, Ware RE. Microarray analysis of liver gene expression in iron overloaded patients with sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:328-34. [PMID: 19384939 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic transfusion therapy is used clinically to supply healthy erythrocytes for patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) or beta-thalassemia major (TM). Despite the benefits of red blood cell transfusions, chronic transfusions lead to iron accumulation in key tissues such as the heart, liver, and endocrine glands. Transfusion-acquired iron overload is recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality among patients receiving chronic transfusions. At present, there is little understanding of molecular events that occur during transfusional iron loading and the reasons for the large inter-individual variation observed clinically in transfusion-acquired iron accumulation. To address these issues, we examined whether any liver-expressed genes in SCA or TM patients with transfusional iron overload were associated with the degree of iron accumulation. Specifically, we performed microarray analysis on liver biopsy specimens comparing SCA patients with mild or severe iron overload and also compared SCA with TM patients. Fifteen candidate genes were identified with significantly differential expression between the high and low liver iron concentrations. SCA patients and 20 candidate genes were detected between the SCA and TM patient comparison. Subsequent quantitative PCR experiments validated 12 candidate genes; with GSTM1, eIF5a, SULF2, NTS, and HO-1 being particularly good prospects as genes that might affect the degree of iron accumulation. Future work will determine the baseline expression of these genes prior to transfusional iron overload and elucidate the full impact of these genes on the inter-individual variation observed clinically in transfusion-acquired iron accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Flanagan
- Department of Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nramp1 promotes efficient macrophage recycling of iron following erythrophagocytosis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:5960-5. [PMID: 19321419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900808106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) is a divalent metal transporter expressed exclusively in phagocytic cells. We hypothesized that macrophage Nramp1 may participate in the recycling of iron acquired from phagocytosed senescent erythrocytes. To evaluate the role of Nramp1 in vivo, the iron parameters of WT and KO mice were analyzed after acute and chronic induction of hemolytic anemia. We found that untreated KO mice exhibited greater serum transferrin saturation and splenic iron content with higher duodenal ferroportin (Fpn) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) expression. Furthermore, hepatocyte iron content and hepcidin mRNA levels were dramatically lower in KO mice, indicating that hepcidin levels can be regulated by low-hepatocyte iron stores despite increased transferrin saturation. After acute treatment with the hemolytic agent phenylhydrazine (Phz), KO mice experienced a significant decrease in transferrin saturation and hematocrit, whereas WT mice were relatively unaffected. After a month-long Phz regimen, KO mice retained markedly increased quantities of iron within the liver and spleen and exhibited more pronounced splenomegaly and reticulocytosis than WT mice. After injection of (59)Fe-labeled heat-damaged reticulocytes, KO animals accumulated erythrophagocytosed (59)Fe within their liver and spleen, whereas WT animals efficiently recycled phagocytosed (59)Fe to the marrow and erythrocytes. These data imply that without Nramp1, iron accumulates within the liver and spleen during erythrophagocytosis and hemolytic anemia, supporting our hypothesis that Nramp1 promotes efficient hemoglobin iron recycling in macrophages. Our observations suggest that mutations in Nramp1 could result in a novel form of human hereditary iron overload.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang X, Stavchansky S, Zhao B, Bynum JA, Kerwin SM, Bowman PD. Cytoprotection of human endothelial cells from menadione cytotoxicity by caffeic acid phenethyl ester: The role of heme oxygenase-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 591:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
34
|
Soe-Lin S, Sheftel AD, Wasyluk B, Ponka P. Nramp1 equips macrophages for efficient iron recycling. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:929-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
35
|
Wood KC, Hsu LL, Gladwin MT. Sickle cell disease vasculopathy: a state of nitric oxide resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1506-28. [PMID: 18261470 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy characterized by microvascular vaso-occlusion with erythrocytes containing polymerized sickle (S) hemoglobin, erythrocyte hemolysis, vasculopathy, and both acute and chronic multiorgan injury. It is associated with steady state increases in plasma cell-free hemoglobin and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hereditary and acquired hemolytic conditions release into plasma hemoglobin and other erythrocyte components that scavenge endothelium-derived NO and metabolize its precursor arginine, impairing NO homeostasis. Overproduction of ROS, such as superoxide, by enzymatic (xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase, uncoupled eNOS) and nonenzymatic pathways (Fenton chemistry), promotes intravascular oxidant stress that can likewise disrupt NO homeostasis. The synergistic bioinactivation of NO by dioxygenation and oxidation reactions with cell-free plasma hemoglobin and ROS, respectively, is discussed as a mechanism for NO resistance in SCD vasculopathy. Human physiological and transgenic animal studies provide experimental evidence of cardiovascular and pulmonary resistance to NO donors and reduced NO bioavailability that is associated with vasoconstriction, decreased blood flow, platelet activation, increased endothelin-1 expression, and end-organ injury. Emerging epidemiological data now suggest that chronic intravascular hemolysis is associated with certain clinical complications: pulmonary hypertension, cutaneous leg ulcerations, priapism, and possibly stroke. New therapeutic strategies to limit intravascular hemolysis and ROS generation and increase NO bioavailability are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Wood
- Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sequential regulation of ferroportin expression after erythrophagocytosis in murine macrophages: early mRNA induction by haem, followed by iron-dependent protein expression. Biochem J 2008; 411:123-31. [PMID: 18072938 DOI: 10.1042/bj20071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue macrophages play an essential role in iron recycling through the phagocytosis of senescent RBCs (red blood cells). Following haem catabolism by HO1 (haem oxygenase 1), they recycle iron back into the plasma through the iron exporter Fpn (ferroportin). We previously described a cellular model of EP (erythrophagocytosis), based on primary cultures of mouse BMDMs (bone-marrow-derived macrophages) and aged murine RBCs, and showed that EP induces changes in the expression profiles of Fpn and HO1. In the present paper, we demonstrate that haem derived from human or murine RBCs or from an exogenous source of haem led to marked transcriptional activation of the Fpn and HO1 genes. Iron released from haem catabolism subsequently stimulated the Fpn mRNA and protein expression associated with localization of the transporter at the cell surface, which probably promotes the export of iron into the plasma. These findings highlight a dual mechanism of Fpn regulation in BMDMs, characterized by early induction of the gene transcription predominantly mediated by haem, followed by iron-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of the exporter.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lin QS, Weis S, Yang G, Zhuang T, Abate A, Dennery PA. Catalytic inactive heme oxygenase-1 protein regulates its own expression in oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:847-55. [PMID: 18154739 PMCID: PMC6503848 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the degradation of heme and forms antioxidant bile pigments as well as the signaling molecule carbon monoxide. HO-1 is inducible in response to a variety of chemical and physical stress conditions to function as a cytoprotective molecule. Therefore, it is important to maintain the basal level of HO-1 expression even when substrate availability is limited. We hypothesized that the HO-1 protein itself could regulate its own expression in a positive feedback manner, and that this positive feedback was important in the HO-1 gene induction in response to oxidative stress. In cultured NIH 3T3 cells, transfection of HO-1 cDNA or intracellular delivery of pure HO-1 protein resulted in activation of a 15-kb HO-1 promoter upstream of luciferase as visualized by bioluminescent technology and increased HO-1 mRNA and protein levels. These effects were independent of HO activity because an enzymatically inactive mutant form of HO-1 similarly activated the HO-1 promoter and incubation with HO inhibitor metalloporphyrin SnPP did not affect the promoter activation. In addition, HO-1-specific siRNA significantly reduced hemin and cadmium chloride-mediated HO-1 induction. Furthermore, deletion analyses demonstrated that the E1 and E2 distal enhancers of the HO-1 promoter are required for this HO-1 autoregulation. These experiments document feed-forward autoregulation of HO-1 in oxidative stress and suggest that HO-1 protein has a role in the induction process. We speculate that this mechanism may be useful for maintaining HO-1 expression when substrate is limited and may also serve to up-regulate other genes to promote cytoprotection and to modulate cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing S. Lin
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Aida Abate
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Duvigneau JC, Piskernik C, Haindl S, Kloesch B, Hartl RT, Hüttemann M, Lee I, Ebel T, Moldzio R, Gemeiner M, Redl H, Kozlov AV. A novel endotoxin-induced pathway: upregulation of heme oxygenase 1, accumulation of free iron, and free iron-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. J Transl Med 2008; 88:70-7. [PMID: 17982471 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in the development of organ failure in critical care diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction are not clear yet. Inducible hemoxygenase (HO-1), a member of the heat shock protein family, is upregulated in critical care diseases and considered to confer cytoprotection against oxidative stress. However, one of the products of HO-1 is Fe2+ which multiplies the damaging potential of reactive oxygen species catalyzing Fenton reaction. The aim of this study was to clarify the relevance of free iron metabolism to the oxidative damage of the liver in endotoxic shock and its impact on mitochondrial function. Endotoxic shock in rats was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 8 mg/kg (i.v.). We observed that the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and the liver necrosis marker aspartate aminotransferase were increased in blood, confirming inflammatory response to LPS and damage to liver tissue, respectively. The levels of free iron in the liver were significantly increased at 4 and 8 h after onset of endotoxic shock, which did not coincide with the decrease of transferrin iron levels in the blood, but rather with expression of the inducible form of heme oxygenase (HO-1). The proteins important for sequestering free iron (ferritin) and the export of iron out of the cells (ferroportin) were downregulated facilitating the accumulation of free iron in cells. The temporarily increased concentration of free iron in the liver correlated with the temporary impairment of both mitochondrial function and tissue ATP levels. Addition of exogenous iron ions to mitochondria isolated from control animals resulted in an impairment of mitochondrial respiration similar to that observed in endotoxic shock in vivo. Our data suggest that free iron released by HO-1 causes mitochondrial dysfunction in pathological situations accompanied by endotoxic shock.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zenke-Kawasaki Y, Dohi Y, Katoh Y, Ikura T, Ikura M, Asahara T, Tokunaga F, Iwai K, Igarashi K. Heme induces ubiquitination and degradation of the transcription factor Bach1. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:6962-71. [PMID: 17682061 PMCID: PMC2099246 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02415-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription repressor Bach1 is a sensor and effector of heme that regulates the expression of heme oxygenase 1 and globin genes. Heme binds to Bach1, inhibiting its DNA binding activity and inducing its nuclear export. We found that hemin further induced the degradation of endogenous Bach1 in NIH 3T3 cells, murine embryonic fibroblasts, and murine erythroleukemia cells. In contrast, succinylacetone, an inhibitor of heme synthesis, caused accumulation of Bach1 in murine embryonic fibroblasts, indicating that physiological levels of heme regulated the Bach1 turnover. Polyubiquitination and rapid degradation of overexpressed Bach1 were induced by hemin treatment. HOIL-1, an ubiquitin-protein ligase which recognizes heme-bound, oxidized iron regulatory protein 2, was found to bind with Bach1 when both were overexpressed in NIH 3T3 cells. HOIL-1 stimulated the polyubiquitination of Bach1 in a purified in vitro ubiquitination system depending on the intact heme binding motifs of Bach1. Expression of dominant-negative HOIL-1 in murine erythroleukemia cells resulted in higher stability of endogenous Bach1, raising the possibility that the heme-regulated degradation involved HOIL-1 in murine erythroleukemia cells. These results suggest that heme within a cell regulates the polyubiquitination and degradation of Bach1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Zenke-Kawasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-Machi 2-1, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lerner-Marmarosh N, Miralem T, Gibbs PEM, Maines MD. Regulation of TNF-alpha-activated PKC-zeta signaling by the human biliverdin reductase: identification of activating and inhibitory domains of the reductase. FASEB J 2007; 21:3949-62. [PMID: 17639074 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8544com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) is a dual function enzyme: a catalyst for bilirubin formation and a S/T/Y kinase that shares activators with protein kinase C (PKC) -zeta, including cytokines, insulin, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Presently, we show that hBVR increases PKC-zeta autophosphorylation, stimulation by TNF-alpha, as well as cytokine stimulation of NF-kappaB DNA binding and promoter activity. S149 in hBVR S/T kinase domain and S230 in YLS230F in hBVR's docking site for the SH2 domain of signaling proteins are phosphorylation targets of PKC-zeta. Two hBVR-based peptides, KRNRYLS230F (#1) and KKRILHC281 (#2), but not their S-->A or C-->A derivatives, respectively, blocked PKC-zeta stimulation by TNF-alpha and its membrane translocation. The C-terminal-based peptide KYCCSRK296 (#3), enhanced PKC-zeta stimulation by TNF-alpha; for this, Lys296 was essential. In metabolically 32P-labeled HEK293 cells transfected with hBVR or PKC-zeta, TNF-alpha increased hBVR phosphorylation. TNF-alpha did not stimulate PKC-zeta in cells infected with small interfering RNA for hBVR or transfected with hBVR with a point mutation in the nucleotide-binding loop (G17), S149, or S230; this was similar to the response of "kinase-dead" PKC-zeta(K281R). We suggest peptide #1 blocks PKC-zeta-docking site interaction, peptide #2 disrupts function of the PKC-zeta C1 domain, and peptide #3 alters ATP presentation to the kinase. The findings are of potential significance for development of modulators of PKC-zeta activity and cellular response to cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lerner-Marmarosh
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|