1
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Luo C, Chen Z, Meng L, Tan C, He W, Tu C, Du J, Lu GX, Lin G, Tan YQ, Hu TY. A hemizygous loss-of-function variant in BCORL1 is associated with male infertility and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Clin Genet 2024; 106:27-36. [PMID: 38342987 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) is a common type of male infertility; however, its genetic causes remain largely unknown. Some of the genetic determinants of OAT are gene defects affecting spermatogenesis. BCORL1 (BCL6 corepressor like 1) is a transcriptional corepressor that exhibits the OAT phenotype in a knockout mouse model. A hemizygous missense variant of BCORL1 (c.2615T > G:p.Val872Gly) was reported in an infertile male patient with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Nevertheless, the correlation between BCORL1 variants and OAT in humans remains unknown. In this study, we used whole-exome sequencing to identify a novel hemizygous nonsense variant of BCORL1 (c.1564G > T:p.Glu522*) in a male patient with OAT from a Han Chinese family. Functional analysis showed that the variant produced a truncated protein with altered cellular localization and a dysfunctional interaction with SKP1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 1). Further population screening identified four BCORL1 missense variants in subjects with both OAT (1 of 325, 0.31%) and NOA (4 of 355, 1.13%), but no pathogenic BCORL1 variants among 362 fertile subjects. In conclusion, our findings indicate that BCORL1 is a potential candidate gene in the pathogenesis of OAT and NOA, expanded its disease spectrum and suggested that BCORL1 may play a role in spermatogenesis by interacting with SKP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luo
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproduction Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zixu Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproduction Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lanlan Meng
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproduction Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproduction Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenbin He
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaofeng Tu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproduction Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproduction Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Xiu Lu
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproduction Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproduction Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tong-Yao Hu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproduction Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Ryan CW, Peirent ER, Regan SL, Guxholli A, Bielas SL. H2A monoubiquitination: insights from human genetics and animal models. Hum Genet 2024; 143:511-527. [PMID: 37086328 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Metazoan development arises from spatiotemporal control of gene expression, which depends on epigenetic regulators like the polycomb group proteins (PcG) that govern the chromatin landscape. PcG proteins facilitate the addition and removal of histone 2A monoubiquitination at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub1), which regulates gene expression, cell fate decisions, cell cycle progression, and DNA damage repair. Regulation of these processes by PcG proteins is necessary for proper development, as pathogenic variants in these genes are increasingly recognized to underly developmental disorders. Overlapping features of developmental syndromes associated with pathogenic variants in specific PcG genes suggest disruption of central developmental mechanisms; however, unique clinical features observed in each syndrome suggest additional non-redundant functions for each PcG gene. In this review, we describe the clinical manifestations of pathogenic PcG gene variants, review what is known about the molecular functions of these gene products during development, and interpret the clinical data to summarize the current evidence toward an understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Ryan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
- Medical Science Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, 3703 Med Sci II, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
| | - Emily R Peirent
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
| | - Samantha L Regan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, 3703 Med Sci II, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
| | - Alba Guxholli
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, 3703 Med Sci II, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48199-5618, USA
| | - Stephanie L Bielas
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, 3703 Med Sci II, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5618, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48199-5618, USA.
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3
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Vaisvila R, Johnson SR, Yan B, Dai N, Bourkia BM, Chen M, Corrêa IR, Yigit E, Sun Z. Discovery of cytosine deaminases enables base-resolution methylome mapping using a single enzyme. Mol Cell 2024; 84:854-866.e7. [PMID: 38402612 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Deaminases have important uses in modification detection and genome editing. However, the range of applications is limited by the small number of characterized enzymes. To expand the toolkit of deaminases, we developed an in vitro approach that bypasses a major hurdle with their toxicity in cells. We assayed 175 putative cytosine deaminases on a variety of substrates and found a broad range of activity on double- and single-stranded DNA in various sequence contexts, including CpG-specific deaminases and enzymes without sequence preference. We also characterized enzyme selectivity across six DNA modifications and reported enzymes that do not deaminate modified cytosines. The detailed analysis of diverse deaminases opens new avenues for biotechnological and medical applications. As a demonstration, we developed SEM-seq, a non-destructive single-enzyme methylation sequencing method using a modification-sensitive double-stranded DNA deaminase. The streamlined protocol enables accurate, base-resolution methylome mapping of scarce biological material, including cell-free DNA and 10 pg input DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean R Johnson
- New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Bo Yan
- New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Nan Dai
- New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Billal M Bourkia
- New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Minyong Chen
- New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Ivan R Corrêa
- New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Erbay Yigit
- New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Zhiyi Sun
- New England Biolabs Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA.
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4
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Barresi V, Cardoni A, Miele E, Pedace L, Masotto B, Nardini C, Barresi S, Rossi S. CNS tumor with CREBBP::BCORL1 Fusion and pathogenic mutations in BCOR and CREBBP: expanding the spectrum of BCOR-altered tumors. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38216991 PMCID: PMC10785472 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors introduced the new tumor type CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD), characterized by a distinct DNA methylation profile and peculiar histopathological features, including a circumscribed growth pattern, ependymoma-like perivascular pseudorosettes, microcystic pattern, absent or focal GFAP immunostaining, OLIG2 positivity, and BCOR immunoreactivity. We describe a rare case of a CNS tumor in a 45-year-old man with histopathological and immunohistochemical features overlapping the CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD) but lacking BCOR immunostaining and BCOR ITD. Instead, the tumor showed CREBBP::BCORL1 fusion and pathogenic mutations in BCOR and CREBBP, along with a DNA methylation profile matching the "CNS tumor with EP300:BCOR(L1) fusion" methylation class. Two CNS tumors with fusions between CREBBP, or its paralog EP300, and BCORL1, and approximately twenty CNS tumors with CREBBP/EP300::BCOR fusions have been reported to date. They exhibited similar ependymoma-like features or a microcystic pattern, along with focal or absent GFAP immunostaining, and shared the same DNA methylation profile. Given their morphological and epigenetic similarities, circumscribed CNS tumors with EP300/CREBBP::BCOR(L1) fusions and CNS tumors with BCOR ITD may represent variants of the same tumor type. The ependymoma-like aspect coupled with the lack of diffuse GFAP immunostaining and the presence of OLIG2 positivity are useful clues for recognizing these tumors in histopathological practice. The diagnosis should be confirmed after testing for BCOR(L1) gene fusions and BCOR ITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barresi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P.le L.A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37138, Italy.
| | - Antonello Cardoni
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Oncohematology Research Area, Genetics and Epigenetics of tumors, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Oncohematology Research Area, Genetics and Epigenetics of tumors, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Masotto
- Unit of Cranial Posterior Fossa Surgery, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Nardini
- Oncohematology Research Area, Genetics and Epigenetics of tumors, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Oncohematology Research Area, Genetics and Epigenetics of tumors, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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5
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Moghaddam PA, Young RH, Ismiil ND, Bennett JA, Oliva E. An Unusual Endometrial Stromal Neoplasm With JAZF1-BCORL1 Rearrangement. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2024; 43:33-40. [PMID: 36811828 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial stromal tumors represent the second most common category of uterine mesenchymal tumors. Several different histologic variants and underlying genetic alterations have been recognized, one such being a group associated with BCORL1 rearrangements. They are usually high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, often associated with prominent myxoid background and aggressive behavior. Here, we report an unusual endometrial stromal neoplasm with JAZF1-BCORL1 rearrangement and briefly review the literature. The neoplasm formed a well-circumscribed uterine mass in a 50-yr-old woman and had an unusual morphologic appearance that did not warrant a high-grade categorization. It was characterized by a predominant population of epithelioid cells with clear to focally eosinophilic cytoplasm growing in interanastomosing cords and trabeculae set in a hyalinized stroma as well as nested and fascicular growths imparting focal resemblance to a uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex-cord tumor, PEComa, and a smooth muscle neoplasm. A minor storiform growth of spindle cells reminiscent of the fibroblastic variant of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma was also noted but conventional areas of low-grade endometrial stromal neoplasm were not identified. This case expands the spectrum of morphologic features seen in endometrial stromal tumors, especially when associated with a BCORL1 fusion and highlights the utility of immunohistochemical and molecular techniques in the diagnosis of these tumors, not all of which are high grade.
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6
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Wei E, He P, Wang R, Xu S, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Tang X, Shen Z. Afidopyropen suppresses silkworm growth and vitality by affecting carbohydrate metabolism and immune function. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105568. [PMID: 37666622 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Afidopyropen has strong insecticidal toxicity to sucking pests by silencing the vanilloid-type transient receptor potential (TRPV) channels. However, the toxicity of afidopyropen to the Lepidoptera model insect silkworm remain unknown. In this study, the LC50 of afidopyropen to the silkworm at 72 h exposure was 256.82 mg/L. This indicates that afidopyropen is moderately toxic to the silkworm. Long-term exposure to concentrations of 100 mg/L, or less, of afidopyropen, significantly reduced silkworm growth, vitality, silk protein synthesis, and fecundity. A total of 220 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by transcriptome sequencing, among which 166 were downregulated and 54 were upregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in the immune system, immune response and carbohydrate metabolism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were primarily concentrated in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis of neomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin. Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and immune system pathways in silkworm were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, silk protein synthesis, and immune response were significantly downregulated. These genes included BCL-6 corepressor-like protein 1 (BCORL1), hexokinase type 2 (HEXO2), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), relish (Rel), peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGRP2) and 27 kda glycoprotein precursor (P27K). The data demonstrated the toxic effects of afidopyropen against the silkworm and its regulation of genes responsible for immune function and abscissa carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjun Wei
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping He
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Runpeng Wang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China; Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China; Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China; Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyuan Shen
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China; Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Molecular Identification and In Silico Protein Analysis of a Novel BCOR-CLGN Gene Fusion in Intrathoracic BCOR-Rearranged Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030898. [PMID: 36765856 PMCID: PMC9913298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BCOR (BCL6 corepressor)-rearranged sarcomas (BRSs) are a heterogeneous group of sarcomas previously classified as part of the group of "atypical Ewing" or "Ewing-like" sarcomas, without the prototypical ESWR1 gene translocation. Due to their similar morphology and histopathological features, diagnosis is challenging. The most common genetic aberrations are BCOR-CCNB3 fusion and BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD). Recently, various new fusion partners of BCOR have been documented, such as MAML3, ZC3H7B, RGAG1, and KMT2D, further increasing the complexity of such tumor entities, although the molecular pathogenetic mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we present an index case of intrathoracic BRS that carried a novel BCOR-CLGN (calmegin) gene fusion, exhibited by a 52-year-old female diagnosed initially by immunohistochemistry due to the positivity of a BCOR stain; the fusion was identified by next-generation sequencing and was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In silico protein analysis was performed to demonstrate the 3D structure of the chimera protein. The physicochemical properties of the fusion protein sequence were calculated using the ProtParam web-server tool. Our finding further broadens the fusion partner gene spectrum of BRS. Due to the heterogeneity, molecular ancillary tests serve as powerful tools to discover these unusual variants, and an in silico analysis of the fusion protein offers an appropriate approach toward understanding the exact pathogenesis of such a rare variant.
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8
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RINGs, DUBs and Abnormal Brain Growth-Histone H2A Ubiquitination in Brain Development and Disease. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:epigenomes6040042. [PMID: 36547251 PMCID: PMC9778336 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During mammalian neurodevelopment, signaling pathways converge upon transcription factors (TFs) to establish appropriate gene expression programmes leading to the production of distinct neural and glial cell types. This process is partially regulated by the dynamic modulation of chromatin states by epigenetic systems, including the polycomb group (PcG) family of co-repressors. PcG proteins form multi-subunit assemblies that sub-divide into distinct, yet functionally related families. Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and 2) modify the chemical properties of chromatin by covalently modifying histone tails via H2A ubiquitination (H2AK119ub1) and H3 methylation, respectively. In contrast to the PRCs, the Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex removes H2AK119ub1 from chromatin through the action of the C-terminal hydrolase BAP1. Genetic screening has identified several PcG mutations that are causally associated with a range of congenital neuropathologies associated with both localised and/or systemic growth abnormalities. As PRC1 and PR-DUB hold opposing functions to control H2AK119ub1 levels across the genome, it is plausible that such neurodevelopmental disorders arise through a common mechanism. In this review, we will focus on advancements regarding the composition and opposing molecular functions of mammalian PRC1 and PR-DUB, and explore how their dysfunction contributes to the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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9
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Diffusely infiltrating glioma with CREBBP-BCORL1 fusion showing overexpression of not only BCORL1 but BCOR: A case report. Brain Tumor Pathol 2022; 39:171-178. [PMID: 35596897 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-022-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BCORL1 encodes a transcriptional corepressor homolog to BCOR. BCORL1 rearrangements have been previously described as rare events, and among them, CREBBP-BCORL1 has been reported only in 2 cases of ossifying fibromyxoid tumors. Herein, we present the first case of diffusely infiltrating glioma with CREBBP-BCORL1 involving a 17-year-old female patient. Histologically, the tumor was composed of a diffusely infiltrative proliferation of small tumor cells with moderate cellularity showing prominent microcystic formation. DNA methylation analysis revealed that the current case and a previously reported anaplastic ependymoma with EP300-BCORL1 were clustered together in close proximity to but distinct from methylation class high-grade neuroepithelial tumor with BCOR alteration. RNA sequencing demonstrated high mRNA expression of not only BCORL1 but BCOR, and the latter was compatible with diffuse nuclear expression of BCOR detected by immunohistochemistry. Our findings suggest that central nervous system tumors with CREBBP/EP300-BCORL1 may exhibit diverse morphologies but form a distinct DNA methylation group and that BCORL1 fusion genes may lead to upregulation of both BCOR and BCORL1.
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10
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Butera G, Manfredi M, Fiore A, Brandi J, Pacchiana R, De Giorgis V, Barberis E, Vanella V, Galasso M, Scupoli MT, Marengo E, Cecconi D, Donadelli M. Tumor Suppressor Role of Wild-Type P53-Dependent Secretome and Its Proteomic Identification in PDAC. Biomolecules 2022; 12:305. [PMID: 35204804 PMCID: PMC8869417 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the cancer secretome is gaining even more importance in cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), whose lack of recognizable symptoms and early detection assays make this type of cancer highly lethal. The wild-type p53 protein, frequently mutated in PDAC, prevents tumorigenesis by regulating a plethora of signaling pathways. The importance of the p53 tumor suppressive activity is not only primarily involved within cells to limit tumor cell proliferation but also in the extracellular space. Thus, loss of p53 has a profound impact on the secretome composition of cancer cells and marks the transition to invasiveness. Here, we demonstrate the tumor suppressive role of wild-type p53 on cancer cell secretome, showing the anti-proliferative, apoptotic and chemosensitivity effects of wild-type p53 driven conditioned medium. By using high-resolution SWATH-MS technology, we characterized the secretomes of p53-deficient and p53-expressing PDAC cells. We found a great number of secreted proteins that have known roles in cancer-related processes, 30 of which showed enhanced and 17 reduced secretion in response to p53 silencing. These results are important to advance our understanding on the link between wt-p53 and cancer microenvironment. In conclusion, this approach may detect a secreted signature specifically driven by wild-type p53 in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (J.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Veronica De Giorgis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Virginia Vanella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marilisa Galasso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
- Research Center LURM, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (J.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
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11
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Major brain malformations: corpus callosum dysgenesis, agenesis of septum pellucidum and polymicrogyria in patients with BCORL1-related disorders. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:95-101. [PMID: 34400773 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE BCORL1, a transcriptional co-repressor, has a role in cortical migration, neuronal differentiation, maturation, and cerebellar development. We describe BCORL1 as a new genetic cause for major brain malformations. METHODS AND RESULTS We report three patients from two unrelated families with neonatal onset intractable epilepsy and profound global developmental delay. Brain MRI of two siblings from the first family depicted hypoplastic corpus callosum and septal agenesis (ASP) in the older brother and unilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria (PMG) in the younger one. MRI of the patient from the second family demonstrated complete agenesis of corpus callosum (CC). Whole Exome Sequencing revealed a novel hemizygous variant in NM_021946.5 (BCORL1):c.796C>T (p.Pro266Ser) in the two siblings from the first family and the NM_021946.5 (BCORL1): c.3376G>A; p.Asp1126Asn variant in the patient from the second family, both variants inherited from healthy mothers. We reviewed the patients' charts and MRIs and compared the phenotype to the other published BCORL1-related cases. Brain malformations have not been previously described in association with the BCORL1 phenotype. We discuss the potential influence of BCORL1 on brain development. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that BCORL1 variants present with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders and can lead to major brain malformations originating at different stages of fetal development. We suggest adding BCORL1 to the genetic causes of PMG, ASP, and CC dysgenesis.
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12
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Krishnan V, Kim DDH, Hughes TP, Branford S, Ong ST. Integrating genetic and epigenetic factors in chronic myeloid leukemia risk assessment: toward gene expression-based biomarkers. Haematologica 2021; 107:358-370. [PMID: 34615339 PMCID: PMC8804571 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment is constantly evolving from a one-size-fits-all towards bespoke approaches for each patient. In certain solid cancers, including breast and lung, tumor genome profiling has been incorporated into therapeutic decision-making. For chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), while tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is the standard treatment, current clinical scoring systems cannot accurately predict the heterogeneous treatment outcomes observed in patients. Biomarkers capable of segregating patients according to outcome at diagnosis are needed to improve management, and facilitate enrollment in clinical trials seeking to prevent blast crisis transformation and improve the depth of molecular responses. To this end, gene expression (GE) profiling studies have evaluated whether GE signatures at diagnosis are clinically informative. Patient material from a variety of sources has been profiled using microarrays, RNA sequencing and, more recently, single-cell RNA sequencing. However, differences in the cell types profiled, the technologies used, and the inherent complexities associated with the interpretation of genomic data pose challenges in distilling GE datasets into biomarkers with clinical utility. The goal of this paper is to review previous studies evaluating GE profiling in CML, and explore their potential as risk assessment tools for individualized CML treatment. We also review the contribution that acquired mutations, including those seen in clonal hematopoiesis, make to GE profiles, and how a model integrating contributions of genetic and epigenetic factors in resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and blast crisis transformation can define a route to GE-based biomarkers. Finally, we outline a four-stage approach for the development of GE-based biomarkers in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Krishnan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; International Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Foundation
| | - Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
- International Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Foundation; Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Timothy P Hughes
- International Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Foundation; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide
| | - Susan Branford
- International Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Foundation; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide
| | - S Tiong Ong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; International Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Foundation; Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
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13
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In Silico Analysis to Explore Lineage-Independent and -Dependent Transcriptional Programs Associated with the Process of Endothelial and Neural Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184161. [PMID: 34575270 PMCID: PMC8471316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a major interest in understanding how the endothelial cell phenotype is established, the underlying molecular basis of this process is not yet fully understood. We have previously reported the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and differentiation of the resulting HiPS back to endothelial cells (Ec-Diff), as well as neural (Nn-Diff) cell lineage that contained both neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, the identities of these cell lineages were established by gene array analysis. Here, we explored the same arrays to gain insight into the gene alteration processes that accompany the establishment of endothelial vs. non-endothelial neural cell phenotypes. We compared the expression of genes that code for transcription factors and epigenetic regulators when HiPS is differentiated into these endothelial and non-endothelial lineages. Our in silico analyses have identified cohorts of genes that are similarly up- or downregulated in both lineages, as well as those that exhibit lineage-specific alterations. Based on these results, we propose that genes that are similarly altered in both lineages participate in priming the stem cell for differentiation in a lineage-independent manner, whereas those that are differentially altered in endothelial compared to neural cells participate in a lineage-specific differentiation process. Specific GATA family members and their cofactors and epigenetic regulators (DNMT3B, PRDM14, HELLS) with a major role in regulating DNA methylation were among participants in priming HiPS for lineage-independent differentiation. In addition, we identified distinct cohorts of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators whose alterations correlated specifically with the establishment of endothelial vs. non-endothelial neural lineages.
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14
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BCOR gene alterations in hematological diseases. Blood 2021; 138:2455-2468. [PMID: 33945606 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL6 co-repressor (BCOR) is a transcription factor involved in the control of embryogenesis, mesenchymal stem cells function, hematopoiesis and lymphoid development. Recurrent somatic clonal mutations of the BCOR gene and its homologue BCORL1 have been detected in several hematological malignancies and aplastic anemia. They are scattered across the whole gene length and mostly represent frameshifts (deletions, insertions), nonsense and missence mutations. These disruptive events lead to the loss of full-length BCOR protein and to the lack or low expression of a truncated form of the protein, both consistent with the tumor suppressor role of BCOR. BCOR and BCORL1 mutations are similar to those causing two rare X-linked diseases: the oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) and the Shukla-Vernon syndromes, respectively. Here, we focus on the structure and function of normal BCOR and BCORL1 in normal hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues and review the frequency and clinical significance of the mutations of these genes in malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases. Moreover, we discuss the importance of mouse models to better understand the role of Bcor loss, alone and combined with alterations of other genes (e.g. Dnmt3a and Tet2), in promoting hematological malignancies and in providing a useful platform for the development of new targeted therapies.
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15
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Muthusamy B, Bellad A, Girimaji SC, Pandey A. Shukla-Vernon Syndrome: A Second Family with a Novel Variant in the BCORL1 Gene. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030452. [PMID: 33810051 PMCID: PMC8005212 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shukla-Vernon syndrome (SHUVER) is an extremely rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral anomalies, and dysmorphic features. Pathogenic variants in the BCORL1 gene have been identified as the molecular cause for this disorder. The BCORL1 gene encodes for BCL-6 corepressor-like protein 1, a transcriptional corepressor that is an integral component of protein complexes involved in transcription repression. In this study, we report an Indian family with two male siblings with features of Shukla-Vernon syndrome. The patients exhibited global developmental delay, intellectual disability, kyphosis, seizures, and dysmorphic features including bushy prominent eyebrows with synophrys, sharp beaked prominent nose, protuberant lower jaw, squint, and hypoplastic ears with fused ear lobes. No behavioral abnormalities were observed. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel potentially pathogenic arginine to cysteine substitution (p.Arg1265Cys) in the BCORL1 protein. This is the second report of Shukla-Vernon syndrome with a novel missense variant in the BCORL1 gene. Our study confirms and expands the phenotypes and genotypes described previously for this syndrome and should aid in diagnosis and genetic counselling of patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babylakshmi Muthusamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (S.C.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Anikha Bellad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Satish Chandra Girimaji
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (S.C.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (S.C.G.); (A.P.)
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16
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Abstract
Adenosarcoma can mimic high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with ZC3H7B-BCOR fusion that may show entrapped glands and often exhibits diffuse BCOR expression. We encountered diffuse BCOR expression in rare adenosarcomas and sought to define its frequency among a larger cohort of these tumors. BCOR immunohistochemistry was performed on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue in 13 of 14 adenosarcomas with and without stromal overgrowth arising in the uterus or ovary. The staining intensity and percentage of positive tumor nuclei in the mesenchymal component were evaluated. Eleven cases with sufficient tumoral tissue were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization for the detection of BCOR, BCORL1, NUTM1, ZC3H7B, and JAZF1 rearrangement. Three cases were subjected to targeted RNA sequencing. BCOR was expressed in 9 of 13 (70%) tumors, including 6 with and 3 without stromal overgrowth. Moderate to strong staining in >70% of cells was seen throughout in 1 low-grade and 6 high-grade tumors, 5 of which had stromal overgrowth. No staining was seen in 3 low-grade and 1 high-grade tumors with stromal overgrowth. One tumor demonstrating extensive sex cord-like differentiation and diffuse BCOR expression harbored JAZF1 and BCORL1 rearrangements. No BCOR or BCORL1 rearrangement was identified in the remaining tumors. BCOR expression is seen in most adenosarcomas with and without stromal overgrowth. BCORL1 rearrangement is seen in rare tumors with diffuse BCOR expression. Assessment of BCOR or BCORL1 rearrangement status is required in adenosarcomas demonstrating BCOR expression.
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17
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Puttabyatappa M, Guo X, Dou J, Dumesic D, Bakulski KM, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Sheep Granulosa and Theca Cell-Specific Transcriptional Regulation by Prenatal Testosterone. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa094. [PMID: 32516392 PMCID: PMC7417881 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T)-treated sheep, similar to polycystic ovarian syndrome women, manifest reduced cyclicity, functional hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovary (PCO) morphology. The PCO morphology results from increased follicular recruitment and persistence of antral follicles, a consequence of reduced follicular growth and atresia, and is driven by cell-specific gene expression changes that are poorly understood. Therefore, using RNA sequencing, cell-specific transcriptional changes were assessed in laser capture microdissection isolated antral follicular granulosa and theca cells from age 21 months control and prenatal T-treated (100 mg intramuscular twice weekly from gestational day 30 to 90; term: 147 days) sheep. In controls, 3494 genes were differentially expressed between cell types with cell signaling, proliferation, extracellular matrix, immune, and tissue development genes enriched in theca; and mitochondrial, chromosomal, RNA, fatty acid, and cell cycle process genes enriched in granulosa cells. Prenatal T treatment 1) increased gene expression of transforming growth factor β receptor 1 and exosome component 9, and decreased BCL6 corepressor like 1, BCL9 like, and MAPK interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 in both cells, 2) induced differential expression of 92 genes that included increased mitochondrial, ribosome biogenesis, ribonucleoprotein, and ubiquitin, and decreased cell development and extracellular matrix-related pathways in granulosa cells, and 3) induced differential expression of 56 genes that included increased noncoding RNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, and mitochondrial matrix, and decreased transcription factor pathways in theca cells. These data indicate that follicular function is affected by genes involved in transforming growth factor signaling, extracellular matrix, mitochondria, epigenetics, and apoptosis both in a common as well as a cell-specific manner and suggest possible mechanistic pathways for prenatal T treatment-induced PCO morphology in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingzi Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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18
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Attia D, Lurie A, Zhai Q, Mesko T, Smallridge R. Case of aggressive metastatic follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma with BRAF K601E and BCORL1 mutations. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/6/e234208. [PMID: 32606114 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-234208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL6 corepressor like-1 (BCORL1) mutation has rarely been described in thyroid cancer or in association with BRAF mutations in any malignancy. However, we report a 49-year-old woman who had aggressive follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FV-PTC) with both the BRAF K601E and BCORL1 mutations. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy for a 3.6 cm right thyroid nodule and a smaller lesion in the left lobe in 2007; both were FV-PTCs with no lymphovascular invasion or metastases. In 2015, a positron emission tomography-CT scan showed a small defect in the left posterior lateral fifth rib with mild increased hypermetabolic activity with standardised uptake value of 3.9 and another lesion in the right hip at the junction of the femoral neck and trochanter. Tumour biopsy and genetic analysis revealed an uncommon BRAF K601E and a rare BCORL1 mutation. While rare, we report a case of aggressive FV-PTC with both the BRAF K601E and BCORL1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Attia
- Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Lurie
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Femwell Health Group, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Qihui Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Robert Smallridge
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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19
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Shahid S, Shakeel M, Siddiqui S, Ahmed S, Sohail M, Khan IA, Abid A, Shamsi T. Novel Genetic Variations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Pakistani Population. Front Genet 2020; 11:560. [PMID: 32655615 PMCID: PMC7324646 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of blast cells that exhibit great genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we describe the mutational landscape and its clinico-pathological significance in 26 myeloid neoplasm patients from a South Asian population (Pakistan) by using ultra-deep targeted next-generation DNA sequencing of 54 genes (∼5000×) and its subsequent bioinformatics analysis. The data analysis indicated novel non-silent somatic mutational events previously not reported in AML, including nine non-synonymous and one stop-gain mutations. Notably, two recurrent somatic non-synonymous mutations, i.e., STAG2 (causing p.L526F) and BCORL1 (p.A400V), were observed in three unrelated cases each. The BCOR was found to have three independent non-synonymous somatic mutations in three cases. Further, the SRSF2 with a protein truncating somatic mutation (p.Q88X) was observed for the first time in AML in this study. The prioritization of germline mutations with ClinVar, SIFT, Polyphen2, and Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) highlighted 18 predicted deleterious/pathogenic mutations, including two recurrent deleterious mutations, i.e., a novel heterozygous non-synonymous SNV in GATA2 (p.T358P) and a frameshift insertion in NPM1 (p.L258fs), found in two unrelated cases each. The WT1 was observed with three independent potential detrimental germline mutations in three different cases. Collectively, non-silent somatic and/or germline mutations were observed in 23 (88.46%) of the cases (0.92 mutation per case). Furthermore, the pharmGKB database exploration showed a missense SNV rs1042522 in TP53, exhibiting decreased response to anti-cancer drugs, in 19 (73%) of the cases. This genomic profiling of AML provides deep insight into the disease pathophysiology. Identification of pharmacogenomics markers will help to adopt personalized approach for the management of AML patients in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shahid
- Department of Genomics, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Siddiqui
- Department of Hematology, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shariq Ahmed
- Department of Genomics, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Misha Sohail
- Department of Genomics, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aiysha Abid
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Shamsi
- Department of Hematology, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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20
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Lu C, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Xu Q, Zhou R, Cui Y, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wei X, Wang M, Hang B, Mao JH, Snijders AM, Liu M, Hu Z, Shen H, Zhou Z, Guo X, Wu X, Wang X, Xia Y. Human X chromosome exome sequencing identifies BCORL1 as contributor to spermatogenesis. J Med Genet 2020; 58:56-65. [PMID: 32376790 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples worldwide with male infertility being responsible for approximately 50% of cases. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates the critical role of the X chromosome in spermatogenesis during the last few decades, the expression patterns and potential impact of the X chromosome, together with X linked genes, on male infertility are less well understood. METHODS We performed X chromosome exome sequencing followed by a two-stage independent population validation in 1333 non-obstructive azoospermia cases and 1141 healthy controls to identify variant classes with high likelihood of pathogenicity. To explore the functions of these candidate genes in spermatogenesis, we first knocked down these candidate genes individually in mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) using short interfering RNA oligonucleotides and then generated candidate genes knockout mice by CRISPR-Cas9 system. RESULTS Four low-frequency variants were identified in four genes (BCORL1, MAP7D3, ARMCX4 and H2BFWT) associated with male infertility. Functional studies of the mouse SSCs revealed that knocking down Bcorl1 or Mtap7d3 could inhibit SSCs self-renewal and knocking down Armcx4 could repress SSCs differentiation in vitro. Using CRISPR-Cas9 system, Bcorl1 and Mtap7d3 knockout mice were generated. Excitingly, Bcorl1 knockout mice were infertile with impaired spermatogenesis. Moreover, Bcorl1 knockout mice exhibited impaired sperm motility and sperm cells displayed abnormal mitochondrial structure. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the X-linked genes are associated with male infertility and involved in regulating SSCs, which provides a new insight into the role of X-linked genes in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Zhou
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Hang
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuomin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Kouakanou L, Peters C, Sun Q, Floess S, Bhat J, Huehn J, Kabelitz D. Vitamin C supports conversion of human γδ T cells into FOXP3-expressing regulatory cells by epigenetic regulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6550. [PMID: 32300237 PMCID: PMC7162875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells are potent cytotoxic effector cells, produce a variety of cytokines, and can acquire regulatory activity. Induction of FOXP3, the key transcription factor of regulatory T cells (Treg), by TGF-β in human Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells has been previously reported. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and acts as multiplier of DNA hydroxymethylation. Here we have investigated the effect of the more stable phospho-modified Vitamin C (pVC) on TGF-β-induced FOXP3 expression and the resulting regulatory activity of highly purified human Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells. pVC significantly increased the TGF-β-induced FOXP3 expression and stability and also increased the suppressive activity of Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells. Importantly, pVC induced hypomethylation of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) in the FOXP3 gene. Genome-wide methylation analysis by Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing additionally revealed differentially methylated regions in several important genes upon pVC treatment of γδ T cells. While Vitamin C also enhances effector functions of Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells in the absence of TGF-β, our results demonstrate that pVC potently increases the suppressive activity and FOXP3 expression in TGF-β-treated Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells by epigenetic modification of the FOXP3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonce Kouakanou
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Qiwei Sun
- BGI Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stefan Floess
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jaydeep Bhat
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.,Metabolic Programming, School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich (TUM), 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
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22
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McEvoy CR, Fox SB, Prall OWJ. Emerging entities in NUTM1-rearranged neoplasms. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:375-385. [PMID: 32060986 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural alterations of NUTM1 were originally thought to be restricted to poorly differentiated carcinomas with variable squamous differentiation originating in the midline organs of children and adolescents. Termed NUT carcinomas (NCs), they were defined by a t(15;19) chromosomal rearrangement that was found to result in a BRD4-NUTM1 gene fusion. However, the use of DNA and RNA-based next-generation sequencing has recently revealed a multitude of new NUTM1 fusion partners in a diverse array of neoplasms including sarcoma-like tumors, poromas, and acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) that we propose to call NUTM1-rearranged neoplasms (NRNs). Intriguingly, the nosology of NRNs often correlates with the functional classification of the fusion partner, suggesting different oncogenic mechanisms within each NRN division. Indeed, whereas NCs are characterized by their aggressiveness and intransigence to standard therapeutic measures, the more positive clinical outcomes seen in some sarcoma and ALL NRNs may reflect these mechanistic differences. Here we provide a broad overview of the molecular, nosological, and clinical features in these newly discovered neoplastic entities. We describe how aberrant expression of NUTM1 due to fusion with an N-terminal DNA/chromatin-binding protein can generate a potentially powerful chromatin modifier that can give rise to oncogenic transformation in numerous cellular contexts. We also conclude that classification, clinical behavior, and therapeutic options may be best defined by the NUTM1 fusion partner rather than by tumor morphology or immunohistochemical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R McEvoy
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Owen W J Prall
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Natarajan P, Jaiswal S, Kathiresan S. Clonal Hematopoiesis: Somatic Mutations in Blood Cells and Atherosclerosis. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e001926. [PMID: 29987111 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The most important prognostic factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is age, independent of all other recognized risk factors. Recently, exome sequence analyses showed that somatic mutations in blood cells, a process termed clonal hematopoiesis, are common and increase in prevalence with age, with at least 1 in 10 adults older than 70 years affected. Carriers of clonal hematopoiesis have been shown to be not only at heightened risk for hematologic malignancy but also at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here, we review the prior literature of clonal selection and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and the evidence supporting its causal association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (P.N., S.K.). .,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (P.N., S.K.).,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.N., S.K.)
| | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (P.N., S.K.).,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (P.N., S.K.).,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.N., S.K.)
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24
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Bewersdorf JP, Ardasheva A, Podoltsev NA, Singh A, Biancon G, Halene S, Zeidan AM. From clonal hematopoiesis to myeloid leukemia and what happens in between: Will improved understanding lead to new therapeutic and preventive opportunities? Blood Rev 2019; 37:100587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with a novel MEAF6-SUZ12 fusion. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:527-531. [PMID: 31101969 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm. Herein, we report a low-grade ESS with a novel MEAF6-SUZ12 fusion gene. A 40-year-old woman presented with a 9.0-cm abdominal wall mass juxtaposed to the postoperative scar of surgeries for uterine "leiomyomas" and cesarean section. Histologically, mostly hypocellular and myxoid nodules were comprised of uniform spindle cells and exhibited tongue-like infiltration. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CD10, estrogen receptor, and CD34 (focal). There were occasional h-caldesmon-positive cohesive nests. RNA sequencing along with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing identified an in-frame fusion of MEAF6 (exon 4) and SUZ12 (exon 2). Upon review of the previous "leiomyomas," we revised their diagnoses as low-grade ESS. The patient is alive without disease 2 years after the surgery. In addition to expanding the molecular landscape of low-grade ESS, this case highlights the challenge of diagnosing low-grade ESS in an uncommon clinicopathological setting.
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26
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Shukla A, Girisha KM, Somashekar PH, Nampoothiri S, McClellan R, Vernon HJ. Variants in the transcriptional corepressor BCORL1 are associated with an X-linked disorder of intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, and behavioral abnormalities. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:870-874. [PMID: 30941876 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BCORL1, a transcriptional corepressor, is involved in negative gene regulation through associations with several protein complexes including Class II histone deacetylases (HDACs). Acquired somatic mutations in BCORL1 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, but germline mutations of BCORL1 have not been associated with a specific genetic syndrome. We report five individuals from three pedigrees with phenotypes including intellectual disability, behavioral difficulties, and dysmorphic features who were found via whole exome sequencing to have variants in BCORL1. In silico analysis of these variants strongly suggests pathogenicity. We propose that hemizygous pathogenic variants in BCORL1 underlie a newly identified X-linked epigenetic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Puneeth H Somashekar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Paediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - Rebecca McClellan
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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27
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Abstract
Wilms tumour is the most common renal malignancy of childhood. The disease is curable in the majority of cases, albeit at considerable cost in terms of late treatment-related effects in some children. However, one in ten children with Wilms tumour will die of their disease despite modern treatment approaches. The genetic changes that underpin Wilms tumour have been defined by studies of familial cases and by unbiased DNA sequencing of tumour genomes. Together, these approaches have defined the landscape of cancer genes that are operative in Wilms tumour, many of which are intricately linked to the control of fetal nephrogenesis. Advances in our understanding of the germline and somatic genetic changes that underlie Wilms tumour may translate into better patient outcomes. Improvements in risk stratification have already been seen through the introduction of molecular biomarkers into clinical practice. A host of additional biomarkers are due to undergo clinical validation. Identifying actionable mutations has led to potential new targets, with some novel compounds undergoing testing in early phase trials. Avenues that warrant further exploration include targeting Wilms tumour cancer genes with a non-redundant role in nephrogenesis and targeting the fetal renal transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Dora Treger
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tanzina Chowdhury
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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28
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NUTM1 Gene Fusions Characterize a Subset of Undifferentiated Soft Tissue and Visceral Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 42:636-645. [PMID: 29356724 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
NUT midline carcinoma is an aggressive tumor that occurs mainly in the head and neck and, less frequently, the mediastinum and lung. Following identification of an index case of a NUTM1 fusion positive undifferentiated soft tissue tumor, we interrogated additional cases of primary undifferentiated soft tissue and visceral tumors for NUTM1 abnormalities. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, and results validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization using custom bacterial artificial chromosome probes. Six patients were identified: mean age of 42 years (range, 3 to 71 y); equal sex distribution; and, tumors involved the extremity soft tissues (N=2), kidney (N=2), stomach, and brain. On systemic work-up at presentation all patients lacked a distant primary tumor. Morphologically, the tumors were heterogenous, with undifferentiated round-epithelioid-rhabdoid cells arranged in solid sheets, nests, and cords. Mitotic activity was generally brisk. Four cases expressed pancytokeratin, but in only 2 cases was this diffuse. Next-generation sequencing demonstrated the following fusions: BRD4-NUTM1 (3 cases), BRD3-NUTM1, MXD1-NUTM1, and BCORL1-NUTM1. Independent testing by fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of NUTM1 and partner gene rearrangement. This study establishes that NUT-associated tumors transgress the midline and account for a subset of primitive neoplasms occurring in soft tissue and viscera. Tumors harboring NUTM1 gene fusions are presumably underrecognized, and the extent to which they account for undifferentiated mesenchymal, neuroendocrine, and/or epithelial neoplasms is unclear. Moreover, the relationship, if any, between NUT-associated tumors in soft tissue and/or viscera, and conventional NUT carcinoma, remains to be elucidated.
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Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis is a common, age-related process in which a somatically mutated hematopoietic precursor gives rise to a genetically distinct subpopulation in the blood. This phenomenon has been observed in populations across the globe and, while virtually non-existent in children is estimated to affect >10% of the 70-and-older age group. The mutations are thought to occur in stem cells, which makes them pre-cancerous, and precursors to cancer stem cells. Many of the genes most commonly mutated in clonal hematopoiesis are also recurrently mutated in leukemia, genes such as DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, JAK2, and TP53. However, between 40% and 60% of cases arise from the accumulation of what appear to be random mutations outside of known driver genes. Clonal hematopoiesis is frequently present in otherwise healthy individuals and may persist for many years. Though largely asymptomatic, carrying these somatic mutations confers a small but significantly increased risk of leukemic transformation, affecting 0.5-1% carriers per year; although most genes confer an increased risk of transformation, mutations in TP53 and U2AF1 appear to carry a particularly high risk for transformation. Additionally, a patient's history of prior treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation are correlated with the development of clonal hematopoiesis; in the setting of chemotherapy treatment of solid tumors, hematopoietic mutations in TP53 and PPM1D appear to contribute to outgrowth of clones that may lead to subsequent malignancy. The presence of a clone also imparts a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which in some cases appears to be due to increased inflammation and atherosclerosis. Clonal hematopoiesis is correlated with several other diseases as well, including diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, and aplastic anemia, with other associations probably yet to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Silver
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Siddhartha Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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30
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Fukuoka K, Kanemura Y, Shofuda T, Fukushima S, Yamashita S, Narushima D, Kato M, Honda-Kitahara M, Ichikawa H, Kohno T, Sasaki A, Hirato J, Hirose T, Komori T, Satomi K, Yoshida A, Yamasaki K, Nakano Y, Takada A, Nakamura T, Takami H, Matsushita Y, Suzuki T, Nakamura H, Makino K, Sonoda Y, Saito R, Tominaga T, Matsusaka Y, Kobayashi K, Nagane M, Furuta T, Nakada M, Narita Y, Hirose Y, Ohba S, Wada A, Shimizu K, Kurozumi K, Date I, Fukai J, Miyairi Y, Kagawa N, Kawamura A, Yoshida M, Nishida N, Wataya T, Yamaoka M, Tsuyuguchi N, Uda T, Takahashi M, Nakano Y, Akai T, Izumoto S, Nonaka M, Yoshifuji K, Kodama Y, Mano M, Ozawa T, Ramaswamy V, Taylor MD, Ushijima T, Shibui S, Yamasaki M, Arai H, Sakamoto H, Nishikawa R, Ichimura K. Significance of molecular classification of ependymomas: C11orf95-RELA fusion-negative supratentorial ependymomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:134. [PMID: 30514397 PMCID: PMC6278135 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive molecular analyses of ependymal tumors have revealed that supratentorial and posterior fossa ependymomas have distinct molecular profiles and are likely to be different diseases. The presence of C11orf95-RELA fusion genes in a subset of supratentorial ependymomas (ST-EPN) indicated the existence of molecular subgroups. However, the pathogenesis of RELA fusion-negative ependymomas remains elusive. To investigate the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors and validate the molecular classification of ependymal tumors, we conducted thorough molecular analyses of 113 locally diagnosed ependymal tumors from 107 patients in the Japan Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Group. All tumors were histopathologically reviewed and 12 tumors were re-classified as non-ependymomas. A combination of RT-PCR, FISH, and RNA sequencing identified RELA fusion in 19 of 29 histologically verified ST-EPN cases, whereas another case was diagnosed as ependymoma RELA fusion-positive via the methylation classifier (68.9%). Among the 9 RELA fusion-negative ST-EPN cases, either the YAP1 fusion, BCOR tandem duplication, EP300-BCORL1 fusion, or FOXO1-STK24 fusion was detected in single cases. Methylation classification did not identify a consistent molecular class within this group. Genome-wide methylation profiling successfully sub-classified posterior fossa ependymoma (PF-EPN) into PF-EPN-A (PFA) and PF-EPN-B (PFB). A multivariate analysis using Cox regression confirmed that PFA was the sole molecular marker which was independently associated with patient survival. A clinically applicable pyrosequencing assay was developed to determine the PFB subgroup with 100% specificity using the methylation status of 3 genes, CRIP1, DRD4 and LBX2. Our results emphasized the significance of molecular classification in the diagnosis of ependymomas. RELA fusion-negative ST-EPN appear to be a heterogeneous group of tumors that do not fall into any of the existing molecular subgroups and are unlikely to form a single category.
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31
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Grünewald TGP, Cidre-Aranaz F, Surdez D, Tomazou EM, de Álava E, Kovar H, Sorensen PH, Delattre O, Dirksen U. Ewing sarcoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018; 4:5. [PMID: 29977059 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is the second most frequent bone tumour of childhood and adolescence that can also arise in soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer, with a survival of 70-80% for patients with standard-risk and localized disease and ~30% for those with metastatic disease. Treatment comprises local surgery, radiotherapy and polychemotherapy, which are associated with acute and chronic adverse effects that may compromise quality of life in survivors. Histologically, Ewing sarcomas are composed of small round cells expressing high levels of CD99. Genetically, they are characterized by balanced chromosomal translocations in which a member of the FET gene family is fused with an ETS transcription factor, with the most common fusion being EWSR1-FLI1 (85% of cases). Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 protein (EWSR1)-Friend leukaemia integration 1 transcription factor (FLI1) is a tumour-specific chimeric transcription factor (EWSR1-FLI1) with neomorphic effects that massively rewires the transcriptome. Additionally, EWSR1-FLI1 reprogrammes the epigenome by inducing de novo enhancers at GGAA microsatellites and by altering the state of gene regulatory elements, creating a unique epigenetic signature. Additional mutations at diagnosis are rare and mainly involve STAG2, TP53 and CDKN2A deletions. Emerging studies on the molecular mechanisms of Ewing sarcoma hold promise for improvements in early detection, disease monitoring, lower treatment-related toxicity, overall survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium, partner site Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Florencia Cidre-Aranaz
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium, partner site Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisé LNCC, PSL Université, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eleni M Tomazou
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisé LNCC, PSL Université, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Uta Dirksen
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cooperative Ewing Sarcoma Study group, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
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32
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MicroRNA-876-5p inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting BCL6 corepressor like 1. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:645-652. [PMID: 29679906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has reported that BCL6 corepressor like 1 (BCORL1) plays an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. However, the regulation of BCORL1 mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) remains poorly known. The analysis of our clinical samples indicated that BCORL1 expression was markedly higher in HCC tissues than that in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets revealed that high BCORL1 expression associated with high tumor grade, advanced tumor stage and poor survival of HCC patients. miR-875-5p expression was down-regulated and negatively correlated with BCORL1 mRNA expression in HCC tissues. Furthermore, miR-876-5p inversely regulated BCORL1 abundance in HCC cells by directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of BCORL1. Ectopic expression of miR-876-5p suppressed cell migration and invasion in both HCCLM3 and MHCC97H cells. In accordance, miR-876-5p knockdown promoted the metastatic behaviors of Hep3B cells. Mechanistically, miR-876-5p suppressed the EMT progression of HCC cells. HCC tissues with high miR-876-5p level showed a higher E-cadherin staining compared to cases with low miR-876-5p level. Moreover, the repression of cell metastasis mediated by miR-876-5p was rescued by BCORL1 restoration in HCCLM3 cells. Notably, low miR-876-5p expression associated with venous infiltration, high tumor grade and advanced tumor stage. HCC patients with low miR-876-5p expression had a significant poorer overall survival and disease-free survival. To conclude, miR-876-5p inhibits EMT progression, migration and invasion of HCC cells by targeting BCORL1. Therefore, miR-876-5p/BCORL1 axis may represent as a novel therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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33
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Concomitant BCORL1 and BRAF Mutations in Vemurafenib-Resistant Melanoma Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 20:467-477. [PMID: 29605720 PMCID: PMC5915992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF is the most frequently mutated gene in melanoma. Constitutive activation of mutant BRAFV600E leads to aberrant Ras-independent MAPK signaling and cell transformation. Inhibition of mutant BRAF is a current frontline therapy for such cases, with improved survival compared with chemotherapy. Unfortunately, reactivation of MAPK signaling by several mechanisms has been shown to cause drug resistance and disease recurrence. In this work, we describe the co-occurrence of an in-frame deletion within an amplified BRAFV600E locus and a missense point mutation of the transcriptional repressor BCORL1 in vemurafenib-resistant A375 melanoma cells. Functional data confirmed that truncated p47BRAFV600E and mutant BCORL1Q1076H both contribute to resistance. Interestingly, either endogenous BCORL1 silencing or ectopic BCORL1Q1076H expression mimicked the effects of a CRISPR/Cas9-edited BCORL1Q1076H locus, suggesting a complex mixture of loss- and gain-of-function effects caused by the mutation. Transcriptomic data confirmed this hypothesis. Finally, we show that the pan-RAF inhibitor sorafenib is not affected by expression of BRAF deletion variant and effectively synergizes with vemurafenib to block resistant cells, suggesting a possible intervention for this class of mutants.
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34
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McCurdy SR, Levis MJ. Emerging molecular predictive and prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:2021-2039. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1393669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R. McCurdy
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark J. Levis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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35
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Wang L, Yang M, Zhang X, Yang C, Huang X, Wang Z, Jin J. ARID1A mutation in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. Haematologica 2017; 102:e470-e472. [PMID: 28751556 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.172742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Coskun E, Ercin M, Gezginci‐Oktayoglu S. The Role of Epigenetic Regulation and Pluripotency‐Related MicroRNAs in Differentiation of Pancreatic Stem Cells to Beta Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:455-467. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ediz Coskun
- Faculty of ScienceBiology DepartmentMolecular Biology Section, Istanbul UniversityVezneciler 34134IstanbulTurkey
| | - Merve Ercin
- Faculty of ScienceBiology DepartmentMolecular Biology Section, Istanbul UniversityVezneciler 34134IstanbulTurkey
| | - Selda Gezginci‐Oktayoglu
- Faculty of ScienceBiology DepartmentMolecular Biology Section, Istanbul UniversityVezneciler 34134IstanbulTurkey
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37
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Kao YC, Sung YS, Zhang L, Chen CL, Huang SC, Antonescu CR. Expanding the molecular signature of ossifying fibromyxoid tumors with two novel gene fusions: CREBBP-BCORL1 and KDM2A-WWTR1. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 56:42-50. [PMID: 27537276 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain differentiation and intermediate malignant potential. Recurrent gene fusions involving either PHF1 or BCOR have been found in 85% of OFMT, including typical and malignant examples. As a subset of OFMT still lack known genetic abnormalities, we identified two OFMTs negative for PHF1 and BCOR rearrangements, which were subjected to transcriptome analysis for fusion discovery. The RNA sequencing found a novel CREBBP-BCORL1 fusion candidate in an axillary mass of a 51 year-old male and a KDM2A-WWTR1 in a thigh mass of a 36 year-old male. The gene fusions were validated by RT-PCR and FISH in the index cases and then screened by FISH on 4 additional OFMTs lacking known fusions. An identical CREBBP-BCORL1 fusion was found in an elbow tumor from a 30 year-old male. Both OFMTs with CREBBP-BCORL1 fusions had areas of typical OFMT morphology, exhibiting uniform round to epithelioid cells arranged in cords or nesting pattern in a fibromyxoid stroma. The OFMT with KDM2A-WWTR1 fusion involved dermis and superficial subcutis, being composed of ovoid cells in a fibromyxoid background with hyalinized giant rosettes. The S100 immunoreactivity ranged from very focal to absent. Similar to other known fusion genes in OFMT, BCORL1, CREBBP and KDM2A are also involved in histone modification. In summary, we expand the spectrum of molecular abnormalities in OFMT with 2 novel fusions, CREBBP-BCORL1 and KDM2A-WWTR1, further implicating the epigenetic deregulation as the leading pathogenetic mechanism in OFMT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chien Kao
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yun-Shao Sung
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Shiba N, Yoshida K, Shiraishi Y, Okuno Y, Yamato G, Hara Y, Nagata Y, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Terui K, Kato M, Park MJ, Ohki K, Shimada A, Takita J, Tomizawa D, Kudo K, Arakawa H, Adachi S, Taga T, Tawa A, Ito E, Horibe K, Sanada M, Miyano S, Ogawa S, Hayashi Y. Whole-exome sequencing reveals the spectrum of gene mutations and the clonal evolution patterns in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:476-489. [PMID: 27470916 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a molecularly and clinically heterogeneous disease. Targeted sequencing efforts have identified several mutations with diagnostic and prognostic values in KIT, NPM1, CEBPA and FLT3 in both adult and paediatric AML. In addition, massively parallel sequencing enabled the discovery of recurrent mutations (i.e. IDH1/2 and DNMT3A) in adult AML. In this study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 22 paediatric AML patients revealed mutations in components of the cohesin complex (RAD21 and SMC3), BCORL1 and ASXL2 in addition to previously known gene mutations. We also revealed intratumoural heterogeneities in many patients, implicating multiple clonal evolution events in the development of AML. Furthermore, targeted deep sequencing in 182 paediatric AML patients identified three major categories of recurrently mutated genes: cohesion complex genes [STAG2, RAD21 and SMC3 in 17 patients (8·3%)], epigenetic regulators [ASXL1/ASXL2 in 17 patients (8·3%), BCOR/BCORL1 in 7 patients (3·4%)] and signalling molecules. We also performed WES in four patients with relapsed AML. Relapsed AML evolved from one of the subclones at the initial phase and was accompanied by many additional mutations, including common driver mutations that were absent or existed only with lower allele frequency in the diagnostic samples, indicating a multistep process causing leukaemia recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Shiba
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan.,Department of Paediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Centre, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Paediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Genki Yamato
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan.,Department of Paediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hara
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan.,Department of Paediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Nagata
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Centre, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Centre, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiminori Terui
- Department of Paediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Paediatrics Haematology and Oncology Research, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Myoung-Ja Park
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ohki
- Department of Paediatrics Haematology and Oncology Research, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimada
- Department of Paediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Division of Leukaemia and Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Centre, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kudo
- Department of Paediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Arakawa
- Department of Paediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Taga
- Department of Paediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Japan
| | - Akio Tawa
- Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Paediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Keizo Horibe
- Clinical Research Centre, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Clinical Research Centre, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Centre, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Centre, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Hayashi
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Centre, Shibukawa, Japan. .,Japanese Red Cross Gunma Blood Centre, Maebashi, Japan.
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Gill H, Leung AYH, Kwong YL. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Implications on Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:440. [PMID: 27023522 PMCID: PMC4848896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by cytopenia, ineffective hematopoiesis, and progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia in high-risk cases. Conventional prognostication relies on clinicopathological parameters supplemented by cytogenetic information. However, recent studies have shown that genetic aberrations also have critical impacts on treatment outcome. Moreover, these genetic alterations may themselves be a target for treatment. The mutation landscape in MDS is shaped by gene aberrations involved in DNA methylation (TET2, DNMT3A, IDH1/2), histone modification (ASXL1, EZH2), the RNA splicing machinery (SF3B1, SRSF2, ZRSR2, U2AF1/2), transcription (RUNX1, TP53, BCOR, PHF6, NCOR, CEBPA, GATA2), tyrosine kinase receptor signaling (JAK2, MPL, FLT3, GNAS, KIT), RAS pathways (KRAS, NRAS, CBL, NF1, PTPN11), DNA repair (ATM, BRCC3, DLRE1C, FANCL), and cohesion complexes (STAG2, CTCF, SMC1A, RAD21). A detailed understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to transformation is critical for designing single-agent or combinatorial approaches in target therapy of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Gill
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Yok-Lam Kwong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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40
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Yan B, Ng C, Moshi G, Ban K, Lee PL, Seah E, Chiu L, Koay ESC, Liu TC, Ng CH, Chng WJ, Koh LP. Myelodysplastic features in a patient with germline CEBPA-mutant acute myeloid leukaemia. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:652-4. [PMID: 27010436 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnosis Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Ng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnosis Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Moshi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haematology Division, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Ban
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peak-Ling Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnosis Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elaine Seah
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lily Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnosis Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn S C Koay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnosis Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Te-Chih Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haematology Division, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Hin Ng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Piu Koh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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41
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Liu J, Haddad EK, Marceau J, Morabito KM, Rao SS, Filali-Mouhim A, Sekaly RP, Graham BS. A Numerically Subdominant CD8 T Cell Response to Matrix Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Controls Infection with Limited Immunopathology. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005486. [PMID: 26943673 PMCID: PMC4778879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells are involved in pathogen clearance and infection-induced pathology in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Studying bulk responses masks the contribution of individual CD8 T cell subsets to protective immunity and immunopathology. In particular, the roles of subdominant responses that are potentially beneficial to the host are rarely appreciated when the focus is on magnitude instead of quality of response. Here, by evaluating CD8 T cell responses in CB6F1 hybrid mice, in which multiple epitopes are recognized, we found that a numerically subdominant CD8 T cell response against DbM187 epitope of the virus matrix protein expressed high avidity TCR and enhanced signaling pathways associated with CD8 T cell effector functions. Each DbM187 T effector cell lysed more infected targets on a per cell basis than the numerically dominant KdM282 T cells, and controlled virus replication more efficiently with less pulmonary inflammation and illness than the previously well-characterized KdM282 T cell response. Our data suggest that the clinical outcome of viral infections is determined by the integrated functional properties of a variety of responding CD8 T cells, and that the highest magnitude response may not necessarily be the best in terms of benefit to the host. Understanding how to induce highly efficient and functional T cells would inform strategies for designing vaccines intended to provide T cell-mediated immunity. CD8 T cells play a key role in RSV clearance, immunopathology and disease. Therefore, CD8 T cells can help or harm the host depending on their timing, magnitude, and function. The CD8 T cell response represents a heterogeneous population of cells with phenotypically and functionally diverse subsets, and needs to at least be studied at the level of epitope specificity to understand how to diminish the risk of immunopathology. Studying the bulk response masks distinct contributions of individual CD8 T subsets to immunity and immunopathology. Focusing on CD8 T cell response with the highest magnitude overlooks role of subdominant responses. Here, we studied response to different epitopes and revealed that a numerically subdominant CD8 T cell response against DbM187 epitope of the virus matrix protein controlled virus replication efficiently with limited pulmonary inflammation and illness compared to the previously well-characterized and numerically dominant KdM282 T cell response. Our data show that selectively boosting of epitope-specific CD8 T cell responses may be more beneficial than indiscriminant boosting of all available epitopes to achieve rapid viral clearance while limiting immunopathology. This work has implications for antigen design of vaccines intended to induce T-cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JL); (BSG)
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- Drexel University, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joshua Marceau
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn M. Morabito
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Srinivas S. Rao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JL); (BSG)
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Yin G, Liu Z, Wang Y, Dou C, Li C, Yang W, Yao Y, Liu Q, Tu K. BCORL1 is an independent prognostic marker and contributes to cell migration and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:103. [PMID: 26879601 PMCID: PMC4754820 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The deregulation of E-cadherin has been considered as a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. BCL6 corepressor-like 1 (BCORL1) is a transcriptional corepressor and contributes to the repression of E-cadherin. However, the clinical significance of BCORL1 and its role in the metastasis of HCC remain unknown. Methods Differentially expressed BCORL1 between HCC and matched tumor-adjacent tissues, HCC cell lines and normal hepatic cell line were detected by Western blot. The expression of BCORL1 was altered by siRNAs or lentivirus-mediated vectors. Transwell assays were performed to determine HCC cell invasion and migration. Results Increased expression of BCORL1 protein was detected in HCC specimens and cell lines. Clinical association analysis showed that BCORL1 protein was expressed at significant higher levels in HCC patients with multiple tumor nodes, venous infiltration and advanced TNM tumor stage. Survival analysis indicated that high expression of BCORL1 protein conferred shorter overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of HCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis disclosed that BCORL1 expression was an independent prognostic marker for predicting survival of HCC patients. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that BCORL1 prominently promoted HCC cell migration and invasion. Otherwise, an inverse correlation between BCORL1 and E-cadherin expression was observed in HCC tissues. BCORL1 inversely regulated E-cadherin abundance and subsequently facilitated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells. Notably, the effect of BCORL1 knockdown on HCC cells was abrogated by E-cadherin silencing. Conclusions BCORL1 may be a novel prognostic factor and promotes cell migration and invasion through E-cadherin repression-induced EMT in HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2154-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Zhikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Changwei Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yingmin Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Mori T, Yanagisawa Y, Kitani Y, Sugiyama M, Kishida O, Nishimura K. Gene expression profiles in Rana pirica tadpoles following exposure to a predation threat. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:258. [PMID: 25886855 PMCID: PMC4403775 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rana pirica tadpoles show morphological changes in response to a predation threat: larvae of the dragonfly Aeshna nigroflava induce heightened tail depth, whereas larval salamander Hynobius retardatus induce a bulgy morphology with heightened tail depth. Although both predators induce similar tail morphologies, it is possible that there are functional differences between these tail morphs. Results Here, we performed a discriminant microarray analysis using Xenopus laevis genome arrays to compare tail tissues of control and predator-exposed tadpoles. We identified 9 genes showing large-scale changes in their expression profile: ELAV-like1, methyltransferase like 7A, dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase, laminin subunit beta-1, gremlin 1, BCL6 corepressor-like 1, and three genes of unknown identity. A further 80 genes showed greater than 5 fold differences in expression after exposure to dragonfly larvae and 81 genes showed altered expression after exposure to larval salamanders. Predation-threat responsive genes were identified by selecting genes that reverted to control levels of expression following removal of the predator. Thirteen genes were induced specifically by dragonfly larvae, nine others were salamander-specific, and sixteen were induced by both. Functional analyses indicated that some of the genes induced by dragonfly larvae caused an increase in laminins necessary for cell adhesion in the extracellular matrix. The higher expression of gremlin 1 and HIF1a genes after exposure to dragonfly larvae indicated an in vivo hypoxic reaction, while down-regulation of syndecan-2 may indicate impairment of angiogenesis. Exposure to larval salamanders caused down-regulation of XCIRP-1, which is known to inhibit expression of adhesion molecules; the tadpoles showed reduced expression of cα(E)-catenin, small muscle protein, dystrophin, and myosin light chain genes. Conclusion The connective tissue of tadpoles exposed to larval salamanders may be looser. The differences in gene expression profiles induced by the two predators suggest that there are functional differences between the altered tail tissues of the two groups of tadpoles. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1389-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Mori
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Yukio Yanagisawa
- Department of Liberal Art, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Kitani
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Manabu Sugiyama
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Osamu Kishida
- Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Horonobe, Hokkaido, 098-2943, Japan.
| | - Kinya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan.
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Zhang L, Padron E, Lancet J. The molecular basis and clinical significance of genetic mutations identified in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2015; 39:6-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Wang L, Yamaguchi S, Burstein MD, Terashima K, Chang K, Ng HK, Nakamura H, He Z, Doddapaneni H, Lewis L, Wang M, Suzuki T, Nishikawa R, Natsume A, Terasaka S, Dauser R, Whitehead W, Adekunle A, Sun J, Qiao Y, Marth G, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Leal SM, Wheeler DA, Lau CC. Novel somatic and germline mutations in intracranial germ cell tumours. Nature 2014; 511:241-5. [PMID: 24896186 DOI: 10.1038/nature13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial germ cell tumours (IGCTs) are a group of rare heterogeneous brain tumours that are clinically and histologically similar to the more common gonadal GCTs. IGCTs show great variation in their geographical and gender distribution, histological composition and treatment outcomes. The incidence of IGCTs is historically five- to eightfold greater in Japan and other East Asian countries than in Western countries, with peak incidence near the time of puberty. About half of the tumours are located in the pineal region. The male-to-female incidence ratio is approximately 3-4:1 overall, but is even higher for tumours located in the pineal region. Owing to the scarcity of tumour specimens available for research, little is currently known about this rare disease. Here we report the analysis of 62 cases by next-generation sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism array and expression array. We find the KIT/RAS signalling pathway frequently mutated in more than 50% of IGCTs, including novel recurrent somatic mutations in KIT, its downstream mediators KRAS and NRAS, and its negative regulator CBL. Novel somatic alterations in the AKT/mTOR pathway included copy number gains of the AKT1 locus at 14q32.33 in 19% of patients, with corresponding upregulation of AKT1 expression. We identified loss-of-function mutations in BCORL1, a transcriptional co-repressor and tumour suppressor. We report significant enrichment of novel and rare germline variants in JMJD1C, which codes for a histone demethylase and is a coactivator of the androgen receptor, among Japanese IGCT patients. This study establishes a molecular foundation for understanding the biology of IGCTs and suggests potentially promising therapeutic strategies focusing on the inhibition of KIT/RAS activation and the AKT1/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shigeru Yamaguchi
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Matthew D Burstein
- 1] Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Keita Terashima
- 1] Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kyle Chang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0862, Japan
| | - Zongxiao He
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Lora Lewis
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mark Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tomonari Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Terasaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido Prefecture, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Robert Dauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - William Whitehead
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Adesina Adekunle
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Maryland 02467, USA
| | - Gábor Marth
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Maryland 02467, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David A Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ching C Lau
- 1] Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [2] Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA [3] Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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BCOR mutations and unstoppable root growth: a commentary on oculofaciocardiodental syndrome: novel BCOR mutations and expression in dental cells. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:297-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yamamoto Y, Abe A, Emi N. Clarifying the Impact of Polycomb Complex Component Disruption in Human Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:479-84. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lee MS, Kim B, Lee SM, Cho WC, Lee WB, Kang JS, Choi UY, Lyu J, Kim YJ. Genome-wide profiling of in vivo LPS-responsive genes in splenic myeloid cells. Mol Cells 2013; 35:498-513. [PMID: 23666259 PMCID: PMC3887871 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-2349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major causative agent of bacterial sepsis, has been used by many laboratories in genome-wide expression profiling of the LPS response. However, these studies have predominantly used in vitro cultured macrophages (Macs), which may not accurately reflect the LPS response of these innate immune cells in vivo. To overcome this limitation and to identify inflammatory genes in vivo, we have profiled genome-wide expression patterns in non-lymphoid, splenic myeloid cells extracted directly from LPS-treated mice. Genes encoding factors known to be involved in mediating or regulating inflammatory processes, such as cytokines and chemokines, as well as many genes whose immunological functions are not well known, were strongly induced by LPS after 3 h or 8 h of treatment. Most of the highly LPS-responsive genes that we randomly selected from the microarray data were independently confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, implying that our microarray data are quite reliable. When our in vivo data were compared to previously reported microarray data for in vitro LPS-treated Macs, a significant proportion (∼20%) of the in vivo LPS-responsive genes defined in this study were specific to cells exposed to LPS in vivo, but a larger proportion of them (∼60%) were influenced by LPS in both in vitro and in vivo settings. This result indicates that our in vivo LPS-responsive gene set includes not only previously identified in vitro LPS-responsive genes but also novel LPS-responsive genes. Both types of genes would be a valuable resource in the future for understanding inflammatory responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Sup Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120–749,
Korea
| | - Byungil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120–749,
Korea
| | - Sun-Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120–749,
Korea
| | - Woo-Cheul Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120–749,
Korea
| | - Wook-Bin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120–749,
Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120–749,
Korea
| | - Un Yung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120–749,
Korea
| | - Jaemyun Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120–749,
Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120–749,
Korea
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Sciences, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120–749,
Korea
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C-Terminal Binding Protein: A Molecular Link between Metabolic Imbalance and Epigenetic Regulation in Breast Cancer. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:647975. [PMID: 23762064 PMCID: PMC3671672 DOI: 10.1155/2013/647975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has given rise to significant global concerns as numerous population-based studies demonstrate an incontrovertible association between obesity and breast cancer. Mechanisms proposed to account for this linkage include exaggerated levels of carbohydrate substrates, elevated levels of circulating mitogenic hormones, and inflammatory cytokines that impinge on epithelial programming in many tissues. Moreover, recently many scientists have rediscovered the observation, first described by Otto Warburg nearly a century ago, that most cancer cells undergo a dramatic metabolic shift in energy utilization and expenditure that fuels and supports the cellular expansion associated with malignant proliferation. This shift in substrate oxidation comes at the cost of sharp changes in the levels of the high energy intermediate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). In this review, we discuss a novel example of how shifts in the concentration and flux of substrates metabolized and generated during carbohydrate metabolism represent components of a signaling network that can influence epigenetic regulatory events in the nucleus. We refer to this regulatory process as "metabolic transduction" and describe how the C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) family of NADH-dependent nuclear regulators represents a primary example of how cellular metabolic status can influence epigenetic control of cellular function and fate.
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Zeng Z, Shaffer J, Wang X, Feingold E, Weeks D, Lee M, Cuenco K, Wendell S, Weyant R, Crout R, McNeil D, Marazita M. Genome-wide association studies of pit-and-fissure- and smooth-surface caries in permanent dentition. J Dent Res 2013; 92:432-7. [PMID: 23470693 PMCID: PMC3627505 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513481976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While genetics clearly influences dental caries risk, few caries genes have been discovered and validated. Recent studies have suggested differential genetic factors for primary dentition caries and permanent dentition caries, as well as for pit-and-fissure- (PF) and smooth- (SM) surface caries. We performed separate GWAS for caries in permanent-dentition PF surfaces (1,017 participants, adjusted for age, sex, and the presence of Streptococcus mutans) and SM surfaces (1,004 participants, adjusted for age, education group, and the presence of Streptococcus mutans) in self-reported whites (ages 14 to 56 yrs). Caries scores were derived based on visual assessment of each surface of each tooth; more than 1.2 million SNPs were either successfully genotyped or imputed and were tested for association. Two homologous genes were suggestively associated: BCOR (Xp11.4) in PF-surface caries (p value = 1.8E-7), and BCORL1 (Xq26.1) in SM-surface caries (p value = 1.0E-5). BCOR mutations cause oculofaciocardiodental syndrome, a Mendelian disease involving multiple dental anomalies. Associations of other plausible cariogenesis genes were also observed for PF-surface caries (e.g., INHBA, p value = 6.5E-6) and for SM-surface caries (e.g., CXCR1 and CXCR2, p value = 1.9E-6). This study supports the notion that genes differentially affect cariogenesis across the surfaces of the permanent dentition, and nominates several novel genes for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Zeng
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J.R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - X. Wang
- Center for Craniofacial & Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E. Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D.E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M. Lee
- Center for Craniofacial & Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K.T. Cuenco
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial & Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S.K. Wendell
- Center for Craniofacial & Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R.J. Weyant
- Department of Dental Public Health and Information Management, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R. Crout
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - D.W. McNeil
- Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - M.L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Craniofacial & Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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