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New Insights into the Regulation of mTOR Signaling via Ca 2+-Binding Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043923. [PMID: 36835331 PMCID: PMC9959742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are important regulators of cell growth and proliferation. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central kinase that maintains cellular homeostasis in response to a variety of extracellular and intracellular inputs. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling is associated with many diseases, including diabetes and cancer. Calcium ion (Ca2+) is important as a second messenger in various biological processes, and its intracellular concentration is tightly regulated. Although the involvement of Ca2+ mobilization in mTOR signaling has been reported, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which mTOR signaling is regulated are not fully understood. The link between Ca2+ homeostasis and mTOR activation in pathological hypertrophy has heightened the importance in understanding Ca2+-regulated mTOR signaling as a key mechanism of mTOR regulation. In this review, we introduce recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of regulation of mTOR signaling by Ca2+-binding proteins, particularly calmodulin (CaM).
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Hong PP, Li C, Niu GJ, Zhao XF, Wang JX. White spot syndrome virus directly activates mTORC1 signaling to facilitate its replication via polymeric immunoglobulin receptor-mediated infection in shrimp. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010808. [PMID: 36067252 PMCID: PMC9481175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway has antiviral functions or is beneficial for viral replication, however, the detail mechanisms by which mTORC1 enhances viral infection remain unclear. Here, we found that proliferation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was decreased after knockdown of mTor (mechanistic target of rapamycin) or injection inhibitor of mTORC1, rapamycin, in Marsupenaeus japonicus, which suggests that mTORC1 is utilized by WSSV for its replication in shrimp. Mechanistically, WSSV infects shrimp by binding to its receptor, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), and induces the interaction of its intracellular domain with Calmodulin. Calmodulin then promotes the activation of protein kinase B (AKT) by interaction with the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of AKT. Activated AKT phosphorylates mTOR and results in the activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway to promote its downstream effectors, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6Ks), for viral protein translation. Moreover, mTORC1 also phosphorylates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), which will result in the separation of 4EBP1 from eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) for the translation of viral proteins in shrimp. Our data revealed a novel pathway for WSSV proliferation in shrimp and indicated that mTORC1 may represent a potential clinical target for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative pathogen of white spot disease (WSD) and represents the most destructive viral disease of shrimp. The virus has evolved various strategies to escape from host defenses or exploit host biological pathways for its reproduction. Studies on viral immune-escape mechanisms can provide new strategies for disease prevention and control in shrimp aquaculture. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a central role in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism, which nucleates two distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) with diverse functions at different levels of the signaling pathway. mTORC1 is reported to be exploited by viruses in their reproduction. However, the detail mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified a new mechanism of mTOR being hijacked by WSSV in shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). WSSV infects shrimp by its receptor, pIgR and induces the interaction of the intracellular domain of pIgR with Calmodulin. Calmodulin subsequently promotes the activation of AKT by interaction with the pleckstrin homology domain of the kinase. Activated AKT phosphorylates mTOR and results in the activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway to promote its downstream effectors, S6Ks, for viral protein synthesis. Moreover, mTORC1 also phosphorylates 4EBP1, which results in the separation of 4EBP1 from eIF4E for the translation of viral proteins in shrimp. Our study reveals a novel strategy for WSSV proliferation in shrimp and indicates that the components of mTORC1 may represent potential clinical targets for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Cang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Juan Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Jeong JY, Park H, Yoo H, Kim EJ, Jeon B, Lee JD, Kang D, Lee CJ, Paek SH, Roh EJ, Yi GS, Kang SS. Trifluoperazine and Its Analog Suppressed the Tumorigenicity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell; Applicability of Antipsychotic Drugs to Lung Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051046. [PMID: 35625784 PMCID: PMC9138877 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases. Recently, some antipsychotics have been shown to possess anticancer activity. However, the effects of antipsychotics on NSCLC need to be further explored. We examined the effects of trifluoperazine (TFP), a commonly used antipsychotic drug, and its synthetic analogs on A549 human lung cancer cells. In addition, cell proliferation analysis, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, western blot analysis, and in vivo xenograft experiments were performed. Key genes and mechanisms possibly affected by TFP are significantly related to better survival outcomes in lung cancer patients. Treatment with TFP and a selected TFP analog 3dc significantly inhibited the proliferation, anchorage-dependent/independent colony formation, and migration of A549 cells. Treatment with 3dc affected the expression of genes related to the apoptosis and survival of A549 cells. Treatment with 3dc promoted apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. In all experiments, including in vivo studies of metastatic lung cancer development, 3dc had more substantial anticancer effects than TFP. According to our analysis of publicly available clinical data and in vitro and in vivo experiments, we suggest that some kinds of antipsychotics prevent the progression of NSCLC. Furthermore, this study indicates a synthetic TFP analog that could be a potential therapeutic for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeon Jeong
- Department of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Haangik Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Hong Yoo
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.Y.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology & Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.-J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Borami Jeon
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (B.J.); (E.J.R.)
| | - Jong Deog Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.Y.); (J.D.L.)
| | - Dawon Kang
- Department of Physiology & Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (E.-J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Changjoon Justin Lee
- Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction and Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (B.J.); (E.J.R.)
| | - Gwan-Su Yi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-350-4318 (G.-S.Y.); +82-55-772-8033 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy & Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-350-4318 (G.-S.Y.); +82-55-772-8033 (S.S.K.)
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Redolfi N, García-Casas P, Fornetto C, Sonda S, Pizzo P, Pendin D. Lighting Up Ca 2+ Dynamics in Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:2133. [PMID: 34440902 PMCID: PMC8392631 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling coordinates are crucial processes in brain physiology. Particularly, fundamental aspects of neuronal function such as synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity are regulated by Ca2+, and neuronal survival itself relies on Ca2+-dependent cascades. Indeed, impaired Ca2+ homeostasis has been reported in aging as well as in the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Understanding the physiology of brain function and the key processes leading to its derangement is a core challenge for neuroscience. In this context, Ca2+ imaging represents a powerful tool, effectively fostered by the continuous amelioration of Ca2+ sensors in parallel with the improvement of imaging instrumentation. In this review, we explore the potentiality of the most used animal models employed for Ca2+ imaging, highlighting their application in brain research to explore the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Paloma García-Casas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Chiara Fornetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Sonia Sonda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Pendin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.R.); (P.G.-C.); (C.F.); (S.S.); (P.P.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
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Weako J, Jang H, Keskin O, Nussinov R, Gursoy A. The structural basis of Akt PH domain interaction with calmodulin. Biophys J 2021; 120:1994-2008. [PMID: 33775637 PMCID: PMC8204387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt plays a key role in the Ras/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In breast cancer, Akt translocation to the plasma membrane is enabled by the interaction of its pleckstrin homology domain (PHD) with calmodulin (CaM). At the membrane, the conformational change promoted by PIP3 releases CaM and facilitates Thr308 and Ser473 phosphorylation and activation. Here, using modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, we aim to figure out how CaM interacts with Akt's PHD at the atomic level. Our simulations show that CaM-PHD interaction is thermodynamically stable and involves a β-strand rather than an α-helix, in agreement with NMR data, and that electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are critical. The PHD interacts with CaM lobes; however, multiple modes are possible. IP4, the polar head of PIP3, weakens the CaM-PHD interaction, implicating the release mechanism at the plasma membrane. Recently, we unraveled the mechanism of PI3Kα activation at the atomistic level and the structural basis for Ras role in the activation. Here, our atomistic structural data clarify the mechanism of how CaM interacts, delivers, and releases Akt-the next node in the Ras/PI3K pathway-at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Weako
- Computational Science and Engineering Program, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Department of Computer Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Liu L, Li H, Labbe B, Wang Y, Mao S, Cao Y, Zhao M, Liu S, Yu H, Deng X. Involvement of CaMKII in regulating the release of diplotene-arrested mouse oocytes by pAkt1 (Ser473). Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2986-2997. [PMID: 31530151 PMCID: PMC6791694 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1666596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) had been reported to play a role in the process of fertilization. However, the role of CaMKII in the release of diplotene-arrested oocytes is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the potential effect of CaMKII on Akt1 and the relationship among CaMKII, Akt1 and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) during the meiotic resumption of mouse oocytes. We found that inhibition of CaMKII aggravated diplotene arrest. We detected the expression and distribution of pCaMKII (Thr286), pAkt1 (Ser473), Cdc25B and pCdc2 (Tyr15) when oocytes were treated with KN-93, SH-6, LY294002 or PIP3, respectively. Our data showed that down-regulated CaMKII by KN-93 decreased the levels of pAkt1 (Ser473) and rearranged the distribution of pAkt1 (Ser473). Meanwhile, down-regulated pAkt1 (Ser473) by SH-6 also decreased the levels of pCaMKII (Thr286), Cdc25B and pCdc2 (Tyr15) significantly and rearranged the distributions of pCaMKII (Thr286). Furthermore, our data showed that exogenous PIP3 up-regulated GVBD rates significantly and increased the levels of pCaMKII (Thr286) and pAkt1 (Ser473). On the contrary, down-regulation of PIP3 by LY294002 decreased GVBD rates and the levels of pCaMKII (Thr286) and pAkt1 (Ser473), respectively. Our results showed that Akt1 and CaMKII regulated each other, and PIP3 may be involved in these regulations during the release of mouse oocytes from diplotene arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, PR China
- Mouse Genome Editing Core, Dept of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clincial Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hanwen Li
- Department of Anorectum, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ben Labbe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shitao Mao
- Department of Pneumology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, PR China
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Department of Pneumology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Pneumology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Biophysics, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, PR China
- Department of Pneumology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, PR China
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Mani T, Subramaniya BR, Chidambaram Iyer S, Sivasithamparam ND, Devaraj H. Modulation of complex coordinated molecular signaling by 5HT and a cocktail of inhibitors leads to ovarian maturation of Penaeus monodon in captivity. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:576-591. [PMID: 30825396 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In aquaculture practices, prawn cultivation holds the major share and Penaeus monodon is the main species cultured. The decline in production of P. monodon is mainly due to the limited availability of domesticated broodstock, which is attributed to its reproductive cycle, controlled by complex coordinated signaling mechanisms. Unilateral eyestalk ablation of domesticated females held in captivity is done to induce ovary development, which has certain disadvantages, including a high rate of mortality. Thus, developing alternative techniques for eyestalk ablation in captive broodstock is necessary to induce maturation of ovary. This study exemplifies the role of 5HT along with a cocktail of inhibitors (U0126, Rp-cAMP, and LY294002) in inducing ovarian maturation. In this study, inhibition of pERK by U0126 inhibited vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH), which in turn led to the overexpression of vitellogenin. 5HT induces steroidogenesis (estradiol-17β) through induction of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone by activating calcium-calmodulin signaling. Steroidogenesis is also aided by synthesis of StAR protein. Estradiol-17β stimulates the formation of the maturation-promoting factor (MPF) complex by cdc25 activation and Myt1 inactivation. LY294002 aids in keeping cdc25 activated by inhibiting calcium-calmodulin induced phosphorylation of Akt which is a negative regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinases. VIH induced activation of Myt1, through protein kinase A (PKA), was inhibited by Rp-cAMP which inhibits adenylate cyclase, thus stabilizing the activated MPF complex. To conclude, the coordinated effect of inhibitors and 5HT accelerates the development of ovary from previtellogenic to matured oocytes, yielding high quality and quantity larvae compared with eyestalk-ablated P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagu Mani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bharathi Raja Subramaniya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowmya Chidambaram Iyer
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Halagowder Devaraj
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hu M, Liu P, Liu Y, Yue M, Wang Y, Wang S, Chen X, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Hu X, Ke Y, Hu H. Platelet Shp2 negatively regulates thrombus stability under high shear stress. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:220-231. [PMID: 30444570 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Shp2 negatively regulates thrombus stability under pathological shear rate. Shp2 suppresses TXA2 receptor-mediated platelet dense granule secretion. Through αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling, Shp2 targets calmodulin-dependent activation of Akt. Shp2 may serve to prevent the formation of unwanted occlusive thrombi. SUMMARY: Background Perpetuation is the final phase of thrombus formation; however, its mechanisms and regulation are poorly understood. Objective To investigate the mechanism of Shp2 in platelet function and thrombosis. Methods and results We demonstrate that the platelet-expressed Src homology region 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 is a negative regulator of thrombus stability under high shear stress. In a ferric chloride-induced mesenteric arteriole thrombosis model, megakaryocyte/platelet-specific Shp2-deficient mice showed less thrombi shedding than wild-type mice, although their occlusion times were comparable. In accordance with this in vivo phenotype, a microfluidic whole-blood perfusion assay revealed that the thrombi formed on collagen surfaces by Shp2-deficient platelets were more stable under high shear rates than those produced by wild-type platelets. Whereas Shp2 deficiency did not alter platelet responsiveness towards thrombin, ADP and collagen stimulation, Shp2-deficient platelets showed increased dense granule secretion when stimulated by the thromboxane A2 analog U46619. Shp2 appears to act downstream of integrin αIIb β3 outside-in signaling, inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473 and Thr308) and dense granule secretion. Calmodulin was also shown to bind both Shp2 and Akt, linking Shp2 to Akt activation. Conclusions Platelet Shp2 negatively regulates thrombus perpetuation under high shear stress. This signaling pathway may constitute an important mechanism for the prevention of unwanted occlusive thrombus formation, without dramatically interfering with hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy
| | - P Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy
| | - M Yue
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy
| | - S Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy
| | - X Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy
| | - J Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - H Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy
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Jeon S, Kim SH, Shin SY, Lee YH. Clozapine reduces Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses through inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent Akt activation in microglia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:477-487. [PMID: 28431901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of schizophrenia and severe mood disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Clozapine exerts anti-inflammatory activity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of clozapine is poorly understood. In this study, we found that clozapine suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced phosphorylation of IκBα at Ser-32 and of p65/RelA at Ser-468, as well as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-dependent transcriptional activity in microglial cells. Clozapine downregulated LPS-induced Akt phosphorylation at Ser-473. Pharmacological Akt inhibitors ameliorated LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ by EGTA or sequestration of intracellular Ca2+ by BAPTA-AM attenuated LPS-induced Akt phosphorylation. Treatment with calmodulin (CaM) antagonists and the CaM kinase inhibitor, KN-93, also prevented LPS-induced Akt and NF-κB activation, suggesting that Ca2+/CaM-dependent Akt activation is critical in LPS-induced NF-κB activation in microglia. These results suggest that clozapine exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of Ca2+/CaM/Akt-mediated NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Dongguk University Medical School, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Sagredo AI, Sagredo EA, Cappelli C, Báez P, Andaur RE, Blanco C, Tapia JC, Echeverría C, Cerda O, Stutzin A, Simon F, Marcelain K, Armisén R. TRPM4 regulates Akt/GSK3-β activity and enhances β-catenin signaling and cell proliferation in prostate cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2017; 12:151-165. [PMID: 28614631 PMCID: PMC5792731 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the TRPM4 channel has been reported to be associated with the progression of prostate cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its effect remains unknown. This work found that decreasing TRPM4 levels leads to the reduced proliferation of PC3 cells. This effect was associated with a decrease in total β‐catenin protein levels and its nuclear localization, and a significant reduction in Tcf/Lef transcriptional activity. Moreover, TRPM4 silencing increases the Ser33/Ser37/Thr41 β‐catenin phosphorylated population and reduces the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β at Ser9, suggesting an increase in β‐catenin degradation as the underlying mechanism. Conversely, TRPM4 overexpression in LNCaP cells increases the Ser9 inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK‐3β and the total levels of β‐catenin and its nonphosphorylated form. Finally, PC3 cells with reduced levels of TRPM4 showed a decrease in basal and stimulated phosphoactivation of Akt1, which is likely responsible for the decrease in GSK‐3β activity in these cells. Our results also suggest that the effect of TRPM4 on Akt1 is probably mediated by an alteration in the calcium/calmodulin‐EGFR axis, linking TRPM4 activity with the observed effects in β‐catenin‐related signaling pathways. These results suggest a role for TRPM4 channels in β‐catenin oncogene signaling and underlying mechanisms, highlighting this ion channel as a new potential target for future therapies in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo I Sagredo
- Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo A Sagredo
- Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cappelli
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Báez
- Departamento de Oncologia Basico-Clinica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo E Andaur
- Departamento de Oncologia Basico-Clinica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Blanco
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio C Tapia
- Departamento de Oncologia Basico-Clinica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cell Transformation Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Echeverría
- Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Stutzin
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Integrativa, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine Marcelain
- Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Oncologia Basico-Clinica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Armisén
- Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Long Y, Xia JY, Chen SW, Gao CL, Liang GN, He XM, Wu J, Jiang CX, Liu X, Huang W, Wan Q, Xu Y. ATP2B1 gene Silencing Increases Insulin Sensitivity through Facilitating Akt Activation via the Ca 2+/calmodulin Signaling Pathway and Ca 2+-associated eNOS Activation in Endothelial Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1203-1212. [PMID: 29104511 PMCID: PMC5666335 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell insulin resistance may be partially responsible for the higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in populations with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A genome-wide association study revealed a significant association between the ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 1 (ATP2B1) gene and T2DM in two community-based cohorts from the Korea Association Resource Project. However, little is known about the implication of the ATP2B1 gene on T2DM. In the present study, we investigated the role of the ATP2B1 gene in endothelial cell insulin sensitivity. ATP2B1 gene silencing resulted in enhanced intracellular calcium concentrations and increased insulin-induced Akt activation compared to that in the negative siRNA-transfected HUVECs (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells). The elevated insulin sensitivity mediated by ATP2B1 gene silencing was Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent, as verified by administration of the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM or the calmodulin-specific antagonist W7. Moreover, higher levels of phosphorylation of eNOS (Ser1177) were observed in ATP2B1-silenced HUVECs. In addition to BAPTA-AM and W7, L-NAME, an eNOS antagonist, abolished insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 in both si-Neg and si-ATP2B1-transfected endothelial cells. These results indicate that the enhanced insulin sensitivity in ATP2B1-silenced endothelial cells is alternatively dependent on an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and the subsequent activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin/eNOS/Akt signaling pathway. In summary, ATP2B1 gene silencing increased insulin sensitivity in endothelial cells by directly modulating the Ca2+/calmodulin signaling pathway and via the Ca2+/calmodulin/eNOS/Akt signaling pathway alternatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Ji-Yi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Shao-Wei Chen
- Medical Reproduction Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Chen-Lin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Guan-Nan Liang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Xue-Mei He
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Jian Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Chun-Xia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
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12
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Saito N, Mine N, Kufe DW, Von Hoff DD, Kawabe T. CBP501 inhibits EGF-dependent cell migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer cells by blocking KRas to calmodulin binding. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74006-74018. [PMID: 29088764 PMCID: PMC5650319 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-cancer agent CBP501 binds to calmodulin (CaM). Recent studies showed that migration and metastasis are inhibited by several CaM antagonists. However, there is no available evidence that CBP501 has similar effects. Here we found that CBP501 inhibits migration of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro, even in the presence of migration inducing factors such as WNT, IL-6, and several growth factors. CBP501 also inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhanced invasion and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and this inhibition was accompanied by (i) suppression of Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and (ii) suppression of expression of transcription factor Zeb1 and the mesenchymal marker Vimentin. A pull down analysis performed using sepharose-immobilized CaM showed that CBP501 blocks the interaction between CaM and KRas. Furthermore, EGF induced Akt activation and cell migration was effectively suppressed by KRas down-regulation in NSCLC cells. Stable knockdown of KRas also made cells insensitive to CBP501's inhibition of growth factor-induced migration. Taken together, these results indicate that CBP501 inhibits binding of CaM with KRas and thereby suppresses the PI3K/AKT pathway, migration, invasion and EMT. These findings have identified a previously unrecognized effect of CBP501 on downstream KRas signaling mechanisms involving EMT and invasion, and provide support for the further clinical development of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald W Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Gocher AM, Azabdaftari G, Euscher LM, Dai S, Karacosta LG, Franke TF, Edelman AM. Akt activation by Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2017. [PMID: 28634229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Akt is associated with oncogenic changes in the growth, survival, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. The PI3K/phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK) 1 pathway represents the canonical mechanism for phosphorylation of Akt at its primary activation site, Thr-308. We observed that Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (β) (CaMKK2) is highly expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, and we investigated its role in Akt activation in ovarian cancer (OVCa) cell lines (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and Caov-3). Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of CaMKK2 produced phenotypes expected of Akt inhibition, including reductions in cell growth and cell viability and in the regulation of Akt downstream targets involved in G1/S transition and apoptosis. CaMKK2 knockdown or inhibition decreased Akt phosphorylation at Thr-308 and Ser-473 to extents similar to those of PDK1 knockdown or PI3K inhibition. Combined CaMKK2 and PDK1 knockdown or CaMKK and PI3K inhibition, respectively, produced additive effects on p-Akt and cell growth, consistent with direct Akt phosphorylation by CaMKK2. This conclusion was supported by the absence of effects of CaMKK2 knockdown/inhibition on alternative means of activating Akt via p-Akt Thr-450, p-PDK1 Ser-241, or p-IRS1 Ser-636/639. Recombinant CaMKK2 directly activated recombinant Akt by phosphorylation at Thr-308 in a Ca2+/CaM-dependent manner. In OVCa cells, p-Akt Thr-308 was significantly inhibited by intracellular Ca2+i chelation or CaM inhibition. Ionomycin-induced Ca2+ influx promoted p-Akt, an effect blocked by PDK1, and/or CaMKK2, siRNAs, and by PI3K and/or CaMKK inhibitors. CaMKK2 knockdown potentiated the effects of the chemotherapeutic drugs carboplatin and PX-866 to reduce proliferation and survival of OVCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gocher
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Gissou Azabdaftari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Lindsey M Euscher
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Shuhang Dai
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Loukia G Karacosta
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Thomas F Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Arthur M Edelman
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214,.
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14
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Agamasu C, Ghanam RH, Xu F, Sun Y, Chen Y, Saad JS. The Interplay between Calmodulin and Membrane Interactions with the Pleckstrin Homology Domain of Akt. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:251-263. [PMID: 27872186 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Akt protein, a serine/threonine kinase, plays important roles in cell survival, apoptosis, and oncogenes. Akt is translocated to the plasma membrane for activation. Akt-membrane binding is mediated by direct interactions between its pleckstrin homology domain (PHD) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3). It has been shown that Akt activation in breast cancer cells is modulated by calmodulin (CaM). However, the molecular mechanism of the interplay between CaM and membrane binding is not established. Here, we employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and biochemical and biophysical techniques to characterize how PI(3,4,5)P3, CaM, and membrane mimetics (nanodisc) bind to Akt(PHD). We show that PI(3,4,5)P3 binding to Akt(PHD) displaces the C-terminal lobe of CaM but not the weakly binding N-terminal lobe. However, binding of a PI(3,4,5)P3-embedded membrane nanodisc to Akt(PHD) with a 103-fold tighter affinity than PI(3,4,5)P3 is able to completely displace CaM. We also show that Akt(PHD) binds to both layers of the nanodisc, indicating proper incorporation of PI(3,4,5)P3 on the nanodisc surface. No detectable binding has been observed between Akt(PHD) and PI(3,4,5)P3-free nanodiscs, demonstrating that PI(3,4,5)P3 is required for membrane binding, CaM displacement, and Akt activation. Using pancreatic cancer cells, we demonstrate that inhibition of Akt-CaM binding attenuated Akt activation. Our findings support a model by which CaM binds to Akt to facilitate its translocation to the membrane. Elucidation of the molecular details of the interplay between membrane and CaM binding to Akt may help in the development of potential targets to control the pathophysiological processes of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fei Xu
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and
| | - Yong Sun
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and.,the Research Department, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Yabing Chen
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and.,the Research Department, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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15
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Agamasu C, Ghanam RH, Saad JS. Structural and Biophysical Characterization of the Interactions between Calmodulin and the Pleckstrin Homology Domain of Akt. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27403-27413. [PMID: 26391397 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocation of Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, to the plasma membrane is a critical step in the Akt activation pathway. It is established that membrane binding of Akt is mediated by direct interactions between its pleckstrin homology domain (PHD) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3). There is now evidence that Akt activation in many breast cancer cells is also modulated by the calcium-binding protein, calmodulin (CaM). Upon EGF stimulation of breast cancer cells, CaM co-localizes with Akt at the plasma membrane to enhance activation. However, the molecular details of Akt(PHD) interaction with CaM are not known. In this study, we employed NMR, biochemical, and biophysical techniques to characterize CaM binding to Akt(PHD). Our data show that CaM forms a tight complex with the PHD of Akt (dissociation constant = 100 nm). The interaction between CaM and Akt(PHD) is enthalpically driven, and the affinity is greatly dependent on salt concentration, indicating that electrostatic interactions are important for binding. The CaM-binding interface in Akt(PHD) was mapped to two loops adjacent to the PI(3,4,5)P3 binding site, which represents a rare CaM-binding motif and suggests a synergistic relationship between CaM and PI(3,4,5)P3 upon Akt activation. Elucidation of the mechanism by which Akt interacts with CaM will help in understanding the activation mechanism, which may provide insights for new potential targets to control the pathophysiological processes of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Agamasu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Ruba H Ghanam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jamil S Saad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.
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16
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Bonnefond ML, Lambert B, Giffard F, Abeilard E, Brotin E, Louis MH, Gueye MS, Gauduchon P, Poulain L, N’Diaye M. Calcium signals inhibition sensitizes ovarian carcinoma cells to anti-Bcl-xL strategies through Mcl-1 down-regulation. Apoptosis 2015; 20:535-50. [PMID: 25627260 PMCID: PMC4348506 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the developed world and is characterized by acquired chemoresistance leading to an overall 5-year survival rate of about 30 %. We previously showed that Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 cooperatively protect platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells from apoptosis. Despite BH3-mimetics represent promising drugs to target Bcl-xL, anti-Mcl-1 strategies are still in pre-clinical studies and required new investigations. Calcium is a universal second messenger and dysregulation of calcium signal is often observed during carcinogenesis. As change in cytosolic free calcium concentration [Ca(2+)]i is known to control the fate of the cell by regulating Bcl-2 family members, we wonder if calcium signal could impact on Mcl-1 expression and if its pharmacological inhibition could be useful to sensitize ovarian carcinoma cells to anti-Bcl-xL strategies. We therefore studied the effect of different calcium signals inhibitors in ovarian carcinoma cell lines SKOV3 and IGROV1-R10 and analysed their effects on proliferation and Mcl-1 expression. We also exposed these cells to these inhibitors in combination with anti-Bcl-xL strategies (siRNA or BH3-mimetic: ABT-737). We found that calcium signaling regulates Mcl-1 through translational events and a calmodulin-mediated pathway. BAPTA-AM and calmodulin inhibitor combination with ABT-737 leads to apoptosis, a process that is reversed by Mcl-1 enforced expression. As Mcl-1 represents a crucial hurdle to the success of chemotherapy, these results could open to new area of investigation using calcium modulators to directly or indirectly target Mcl-1 and thus efficiently sensitize ovarian carcinoma cells to anti-Bcl-xL strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Bonnefond
- Normandy University, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 “Biology and Innovative Therapeutics of Locally Aggressive Cancers” Unit, Caen, France
- François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Bernard Lambert
- Normandy University, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 “Biology and Innovative Therapeutics of Locally Aggressive Cancers” Unit, Caen, France
- François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
- CNRS (placed at the disposition of EA4656 by CNRS), Délégation régionale Ile-de-France Est, 94532 Thiais Cedex, France
| | - Florence Giffard
- Normandy University, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 “Biology and Innovative Therapeutics of Locally Aggressive Cancers” Unit, Caen, France
- François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Edwige Abeilard
- Normandy University, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 “Biology and Innovative Therapeutics of Locally Aggressive Cancers” Unit, Caen, France
- François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Emilie Brotin
- Normandy University, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 “Biology and Innovative Therapeutics of Locally Aggressive Cancers” Unit, Caen, France
- François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Louis
- Normandy University, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 “Biology and Innovative Therapeutics of Locally Aggressive Cancers” Unit, Caen, France
- François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Mor Sény Gueye
- Normandy University, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 “Biology and Innovative Therapeutics of Locally Aggressive Cancers” Unit, Caen, France
- François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Pascal Gauduchon
- Normandy University, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 “Biology and Innovative Therapeutics of Locally Aggressive Cancers” Unit, Caen, France
- François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Normandy University, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 “Biology and Innovative Therapeutics of Locally Aggressive Cancers” Unit, Caen, France
- François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Monique N’Diaye
- Normandy University, Caen, France
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1199 “Biology and Innovative Therapeutics of Locally Aggressive Cancers” Unit, Caen, France
- François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3 Avenue du Général Harris, BP5026, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
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17
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Wang X, Hills LB, Huang YH. Lipid and Protein Co-Regulation of PI3K Effectors Akt and Itk in Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2015; 6:117. [PMID: 25821452 PMCID: PMC4358224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase, PI3K) pathway transduces signals critical for lymphocyte function. PI3K generates the phospholipid PIP3 at the plasma membrane to recruit proteins that contain pleckstrin homology (PH) domains – a conserved domain found in hundreds of mammalian proteins. PH domain–PIP3 interactions allow for rapid signal propagation and confer a spatial component to these signals. The kinases Akt and Itk are key PI3K effectors that bind PIP3 via their PH domains and mediate vital processes – such as survival, activation, and differentiation – in lymphocytes. Here, we review the roles and regulation of PI3K signaling in lymphocytes with a specific emphasis on Akt and Itk. We also discuss these and other PH domain-containing proteins as they relate more broadly to immune cell function. Finally, we highlight the emerging view of PH domains as multifunctional protein domains that often bind both lipid and protein substrates to exert their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Leonard Benjamin Hills
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| | - Yina Hsing Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA ; Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
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18
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Wang X, Boyken SE, Hu J, Xu X, Rimer RP, Shea MA, Shaw AS, Andreotti AH, Huang YH. Calmodulin and PI(3,4,5)P₃ cooperatively bind to the Itk pleckstrin homology domain to promote efficient calcium signaling and IL-17A production. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra74. [PMID: 25097034 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of the kinetics and magnitude of Ca(2+) signaling enables this signal to mediate diverse responses, such as cell migration, differentiation, vesicular trafficking, and cell death. We showed that the Ca(2+)-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) acted in a positive feedback loop to potentiate Ca(2+) signaling downstream of the Tec kinase family member Itk. Using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), we mapped CaM binding to two loops adjacent to the lipid-binding pocket within the Itk pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The Itk PH domain bound synergistically to Ca(2+)/CaM and the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3], such that binding to Ca(2+)/CaM enhanced the binding to PI(3,4,5)P3 and vice versa. Disruption of CaM binding attenuated Itk recruitment to the membrane and diminished release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, disruption of this feedback loop abrogated Itk-dependent production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A (interleukin-17A) by CD4(+) T cells. Additionally, we found that CaM associated with PH domains from other proteins, indicating that CaM may regulate other PH domain-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott E Boyken
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan P Rimer
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Madeline A Shea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrey S Shaw
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy H Andreotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yina H Huang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Afanador L, Roltsch EA, Holcomb L, Campbell KS, Keeling DA, Zhang Y, Zimmer DB. The Ca2+ sensor S100A1 modulates neuroinflammation, histopathology and Akt activity in the PSAPP Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Jin X, Muntean BS, Aal-Aaboda MS, Duan Q, Zhou J, Nauli SM. L-type calcium channel modulates cystic kidney phenotype. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1518-26. [PMID: 24925129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), abnormal proliferation and genomic instability of renal epithelia have been associated with cyst formation and kidney enlargement. We recently showed that L-type calcium channel (CaV1.2) is localized to primary cilia of epithelial cells. Previous studies have also shown that low intracellular calcium level was associated with the hyperproliferation phenotype in the epithelial cells. However, the relationship between calcium channel and cystic kidney phenotype is largely unknown. In this study, we generated cells with somatic deficient Pkd1 or Pkd2 to examine ciliary CaV1.2 function via lentiviral knockdown or pharmacological verapamil inhibition. Although inhibition of CaV1.2 expression or function did not change division and growth patterns in wild-type epithelium, it led to hyperproliferation and polyploidy in mutant cells. Lack of CaV1.2 in Pkd mutant cells also decreased the intracellular calcium level. This contributed to a decrease in CaM kinase activity, which played a significant role in regulating Akt and Erk signaling pathways. Consistent with our in vitro results, CaV1.2 knockdown in zebrafish and Pkd1 heterozygous mice facilitated the formation of kidney cysts. Larger cysts were developed faster in Pkd1 heterozygous mice with CaV1.2 knockdown. Overall, our findings emphasized the importance of CaV1.2 expression in kidneys with somatic Pkd mutation. We further suggest that CaV1.2 could serve as a modifier gene to cystic kidney phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Brian S Muntean
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Munaf S Aal-Aaboda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Qiming Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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21
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Vlach J, Samal AB, Saad JS. Solution structure of calmodulin bound to the binding domain of the HIV-1 matrix protein. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8697-705. [PMID: 24500712 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.543694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcellular distribution of calmodulin (CaM) in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-infected cells is distinct from that observed in uninfected cells. CaM co-localizes and interacts with the HIV-1 Gag protein in the cytosol of infected cells. Although it has been shown that binding of Gag to CaM is mediated by the matrix (MA) domain, the structural details of this interaction are not known. We have recently shown that binding of CaM to MA induces a conformational change that triggers myristate exposure, and that the CaM-binding domain of MA is confined to a region spanning residues 8-43 (MA-(8-43)). Here, we present the NMR structure of CaM bound to MA-(8-43). Our data revealed that MA-(8-43), which contains a novel CaM-binding motif, binds to CaM in an antiparallel mode with the N-terminal helix (α1) anchored to the CaM C-terminal lobe, and the C-terminal helix (α2) of MA-(8-43) bound to the N-terminal lobe of CaM. The CaM protein preserves a semiextended conformation. Binding of MA-(8-43) to CaM is mediated by numerous hydrophobic interactions and stabilized by favorable electrostatic contacts. Our structural data are consistent with the findings that CaM induces unfolding of the MA protein to have access to helices α1 and α2. It is noteworthy that several MA residues involved in CaM binding have been previously implicated in membrane binding, envelope incorporation, and particle production. The present findings may ultimately help in identification of the functional role of CaM in HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Vlach
- From the Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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22
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Farrer RG, Farrer JR, DeVries GH. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms that mediate Akt phosphorylation in the neurofibromin-deficient human Schwann cell line ST88-14. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11066-73. [PMID: 23457304 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.442244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1-derived Schwann cells isolated from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) overexpress PDGF receptor-β and generate an aberrant intracellular calcium increase in response to PDGF-BB. Using the human MPNST Schwann cell line ST88-14, we demonstrate that, in addition to a transient phosphorylation of Akt, PDGF-BB stimulation produces an atypical sustained phosphorylation of Akt that is dependent on calcium and calmodulin (CaM). The sustained Akt phosphorylation did not occur in PDGF-BB-stimulated normal human Schwann cells or ST88-14 cells stimulated with stem cell factor, whose receptor is also overexpressed in ST88-14 cells. The sustained Akt phosphorylation induced by PDGF-BB was inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with either the intracellular calcium chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl) ester (BAPTA-AM) or the CaM antagonist W7, whereas the transient portion was not inhibited. Akt also co-immunoprecipitated with CaM in a PDGF-BB-dependent manner, suggesting that direct interaction between Akt and CaM is involved in the sustained phosphorylation of Akt. Furthermore, we provide evidence that anti-apoptotic effects of PDGF-BB on serum-deprived ST88-14 cells can be inhibited by W7, implicating the PDGF-BB-induced activation of calcium/CaM in promoting cell survival, presumably through sustained Akt activation. We conclude that the activation of the calcium/CaM/Akt pathway resulting from stimulation of overexpressed PDGF receptor-β may contribute to the survival and tumorigenicity of MPNST cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Farrer
- Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141, USA.
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23
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Fedida-Metula S, Feldman B, Koshelev V, Levin-Gromiko U, Voronov E, Fishman D. Lipid rafts couple store-operated Ca 2+ entry to constitutive activation of PKB/Akt in a Ca 2+ /calmodulin-, Src- and PP2A-mediated pathway and promote melanoma tumor growth. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:740-50. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zhang R, Cheng S, Li A, Sun J, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Genome-wide screening of indicator genes for assessing the potential carcinogenic risk of Nanjing city drinking water. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:1033-1040. [PMID: 21424719 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Effects of all pollutants existing in the Nanjing city drinking water (DWNC) on mouse gene transcription levels were measured to assess the DWNC carcinogenic risks and to identify candidate indicator genes for assessing and early warning the cancer risks. Transcriptional expression levels of 14,000 hepatic genes for the treatment group mice (Mus musculus, ICR) fed with DWNC for 90 days were detected using the GeneChip(®) Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 array. The analysis indicated that the transcriptional levels of 294 genes were up-regulated and 542 ones were down-regulated. Of these genes, 12 ones identified to be involved in at least five different types of cancers were further analyzed. An interrogation by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed that three (including ITGAV, CCND1 and SMAD2) of the 12 genes were mapped to pathway in cancer. Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation also showed that they were associated with the functional categories of cell cycle regulation, adhesion, apoptosis, signal transduction and so on which are closely implicated in tumorigenesis and progression. The correlations between the aberrant expressions of them and the genesis and progression of cancers have been further documented by a number of scientific researches. These results might demonstrate that the potential toxicity and carcinogenic risks were associated with DWNC. Moreover, ITGAV, CCND1 and SMAD2 were identified as the most likely candidate indicator genes for the assessment of the combined carcinogenic risk of all pollutants existing in DWNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China
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Mannoury la Cour C, Salles MJ, Pasteau V, Millan MJ. Signaling Pathways Leading to Phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β by Activation of Cloned Human and Rat Cerebral D2 and D3 Receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:91-105. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.065409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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26
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Feldman B, Fedida-Metula S, Nita J, Sekler I, Fishman D. Coupling of mitochondria to store-operated Ca(2+)-signaling sustains constitutive activation of protein kinase B/Akt and augments survival of malignant melanoma cells. Cell Calcium 2010; 47:525-37. [PMID: 20605628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are emerging as a major hub for cellular Ca(2+)-signaling, though their contribution to Ca(2+)-driven growth- and survival-promoting events in cancer is poorly understood. Here employing flow cytometry to monitor mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca(2+), we assessed trans-mitochondrial Ca(2+)-transport and store-operated Ca(2+)-influx (store-operated channels (SOC)) in malignant vs. non-malignant B16BL6 melanoma clones. Remarkably, mitochondrial Ca(2+)-fluxes measured in whole cells or in isolated mitochondria were accelerated in the malignant clones compared to their non-malignant counterpart clones. This coincided with enhanced SOC-mediated Ca(2+)-influx and high levels of constitutively active protein kinase B/Akt (PKB). Interruption of trans-mitochondrial Ca(2+)-transport in the malignant cells with an antagonist of the mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, CGP-37157, abolsihed SOC-mediated Ca(2+)-influx, inactivated PKB, retarded cell growth and increased vulnerability to apoptosis. Similarly, direct SOC blockade by silencing Stim1 inhibited PKB, indicating that the crosstalk between SOC and mitochondria is essential to preserve PKB in constitutively active state. Finally, the retraction of mitochondria from sub-plasmalemmal micro-domains triggered by Fis1 over-expression inhibited SOC-coupled trans-mitochondrial Ca(2+)-flux, Ca(2+)-entry via SOC and PKB activity. Taken together, our data show that in the malignant melanoma cells, the functional and spatial relationship of up-regulated mitochondrial Ca(2+)-transport to the SOC sustains the robust Ca(2+)-responses and down-stream signaling critical for apoptosis-resistance and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Feldman
- Department of Morphology, Ben-Gurion University Cancer Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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27
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Shen DY, Chen QX, Li WG. Advances in research on the mechanisms of tamoxifen therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:368-372. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i4.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a kind of malignancy arising from the epithelial cells lining the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. Because of the difficulty in early diagnosis and poor therapeutic effect, the five-year survival rate for CCA patients is low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new effective chemotherapy drugs for CCA. Tamoxifen (TAM), as a nonsteroidal antiestrogen mainly used for therapy of breast cancer, also exhibits antitumor activity against other tumors, including CCA. However, the exact mechanisms of tamoxifen therapy for CCA have not been completely elucidated yet. This paper reviews the recent advances in research on the mechanisms of TAM therapy for CCA.
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28
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Askham JM, Platt F, Chambers PA, Snowden H, Taylor CF, Knowles MA. AKT1 mutations in bladder cancer: identification of a novel oncogenic mutation that can co-operate with E17K. Oncogene 2009; 29:150-5. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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Kasinath BS, Feliers D, Sataranatarajan K, Ghosh Choudhury G, Lee MJ, Mariappan MM. Regulation of mRNA translation in renal physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 297:F1153-65. [PMID: 19535566 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90748.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation, a process of generating a peptide from the codons present in messenger RNA, can be a site of independent regulation of protein synthesis; it has not been well studied in the kidney. Translation occurs in three stages (initiation, elongation, and termination), each with its own set of regulatory factors. Mechanisms controlling translation include small inhibitory RNAs such as microRNAs, binding proteins, and signaling reactions. Role of translation in renal injury in diabetes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, acute kidney injury, and, in physiological adaptation to loss of nephrons is reviewed here. Contribution of mRNA translation to physiology and disease is not well understood. Because it is involved in such diverse areas as development and cancer, it should prove a fertile field for investigation in renal science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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30
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Pawar P, Ma L, Byon CH, Liu H, Ahn EY, Jhala N, Arnoletti JP, McDonald JM, Chen Y. Molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen therapy for cholangiocarcinoma: role of calmodulin. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:1288-96. [PMID: 19228732 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cholangiocarcinoma is a fatal tumor with limited therapeutic options. We have reported that calmodulin antagonists tamoxifen and trifluoperazine induced apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Here, we determined the effects of tamoxifen on tumorigenesis and the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Nude mice xenograft model of cholangiocarcinoma was used and tamoxifen was given i.p. and intratumorally. Cholangiocarcinoma cells were used to characterize molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in vitro. RESULTS I.p. or intratumoral injection of tamoxifen decreased cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis by 40% to 80% in nude mice. In cells isolated from tumor xenografts, tamoxifen inhibited phosphorylation of AKT (pAKT) and cellular FLICE like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). Immunohistochemical analysis further showed that pAKT was identified in all nontreated tumors but was absent in tamoxifen-treated tumors. In vitro, tamoxifen activated caspase-8 and caspase-10, and their respective inhibitors partially blocked tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of c-FLIP inhibited tamoxifen-induced apoptosis and enhanced tumorigenesis of cholangiocarcinoma cells in nude mice, whereas deletion of the calmodulin-binding domain on c-FLIP restored the sensitivity to tamoxifen and inhibited tumorigenesis. With two additional cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, we confirmed that the expression of FLIP is an important factor in mediating spontaneous and tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Thus, tamoxifen inhibits cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis in nude mice. Tamoxifen-induced apoptosis is partially dependent on caspases, inhibition of pAKT, and FLIP expression. Further, calmodulin-FLIP binding seems to be important in FLIP-mediated resistance to tamoxifen. Therefore, the present studies support the concept that tamoxifen may be used as a therapy for cholangiocarcinoma and possibly other malignancies in which the calmodulin targets AKT and c-FLIP play important roles in the tumor pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritish Pawar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35249-7331, USA
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31
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Abstract
The activation of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family members is a universal event in response to virtually all cytokines, growth factors and hormones. As a result of formation of PtdIns with an added phosphate at the 3 position of the inositol ring, activation of the protein kinases PDK1 (phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1) and PKB (protein kinase B)/Akt occurs. The PI3K/PKB pathway impinges upon a remarkable array of intracellular events that influence either directly or indirectly whether or not a cell will undergo apoptosis. In this review, the many ways in which PI3K/PKB can control these processes are summarized. Not all of the events described will necessarily play a role in any one cell type, but a subset of these events is probably essential for the survival of every cell.
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32
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Abstract
The Akt serine/threonine kinase (also called protein kinase B) has emerged as a critical signaling molecule within eukaryotic cells. Significant progress has been made in clarifying its regulation by upstream kinases and identifying downstream mechanisms that mediate its effects in cells and contribute to signaling specificity. Here, we provide an overview of present advances in the field regarding the function of Akt in physiological and pathological cell function within a more generalized framework of Akt signal transduction. An emphasis is placed on the involvement of Akt in human diseases ranging from cancer to metabolic dysfunction and mental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Coticchia CM, Revankar CM, Deb TB, Dickson RB, Johnson MD. Calmodulin modulates Akt activity in human breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 115:545-60. [PMID: 18587642 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor-induced activation of Akt occurs in the majority of human breast cancer cell lines resulting in a variety of cellular outcomes, including suppression of apoptosis and enhanced survival. We demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-initiated activation of Akt is mediated by the ubiquitous calcium sensing molecule, calmodulin, in the majority of human breast cancer cell lines. Specifically, in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, but not ER-positive, breast cancer cells, Akt activation is abolished by treatment with the calmodulin antagonist, W-7. Suppression of calmodulin expression by siRNAs against all three calmodulin genes in c-Myc-overexpressing mouse mammary carcinoma cells results in significant inhibition of EGF-induced Akt activation. Additionally, transient expression of constitutively active Akt (Myr-Akt) can overcome W-7-mediated suppression of Akt activation. These results confirm the involvement of calmodulin in the Akt pathway. The calmodulin independence of EGF-initiated Akt signaling in some cells was not explained by calmodulin expression level. Additionally, it was not explained by ER status or activation, since removal of estrogen and ablation of the ER did not convert the ER-positive, W-7 insensitive, MCF-7 cell line to calmodulin dependent signaling. However, forced overexpression of either epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or ErbB2 did partially restore calmodulin dependent EGF-stimulated Akt activation. This is consistent with observation that W-7 sensitive cells tend to be estrogen independent and express high levels of EGFR family members. In an attempt to address how calmodulin is regulating Akt activity, we looked at localization of fluorescently tagged Akt and calmodulin in MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells. We found that both Akt and calmodulin translocate to the membrane after EGF-stimulation, and this translocation to the same sub-cellular compartment is inhibited by the calmodulin inhibitor W-7. Thus, calmodulin may be regulating Akt activity by modulating its sub-cellular location and is a novel target in the poor prognosis, ER-negative subset of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Coticchia
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building Rm. W326A, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Fedida-Metula S, Elhyany S, Tsory S, Segal S, Hershfinkel M, Sekler I, Fishman D. Targeting lipid rafts inhibits protein kinase B by disrupting calcium homeostasis and attenuates malignant properties of melanoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:1546-54. [PMID: 18579561 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure of current therapeutic modalities to treat melanoma remains a challenge for clinical and experimental oncology. The aggressive growth and apoptotic resistance of this tumor are mediated, in part, by aberrantly activated protein kinase B/Akt (PKB). In many cells, PKB signaling depends on integrity of cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains (rafts). However, it is still unclear if rafts support deregulated PKB activity in melanoma. In this study, ablation of rafts in murine (B16BL6-8, JB/RH1) and human (GA) melanoma lines by cholesterol-chelating methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) reduced levels of constitutively active PKB in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while reconstitution of microdomains restored PKB activity. PKB was sensitive to the membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid tetra (acetocymethyl) ester and to the calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalenesulfonamide (W7) implying the contribution of Ca2+ signaling to PKB deregulation. Indeed, malignant and apoptosis-resistant clone of B16BL6 melanoma (B16BL6-8) displayed significantly higher [Ca2+](i) and store-operated Ca2+ influx (SOC) relative to non-malignant apoptosis-sensitive B16BL6 clone (Kb30) expressing barely detectable basal levels of active PKB. Raft ablation in B16BL6-8 cells robustly inhibited SOC and decreased [Ca2+](i) to levels comparable with those detected in Kb30 cells. Treating cells by PKB-inhibiting doses of M beta CD dramatically impaired their apoptotic resistance and capacity to generate tumors. Furthermore, weekly intraperitoneal injections of M beta CD to mice grafted with melanoma cells at doses of 300 and 800 mg/kg significantly attenuated tumor development. Our data implicate membrane rafts in enhancing the resistance of melanoma to apoptosis and indicate that targeting raft microdomains is a potentially effective strategy to cure this frequently fatal form of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Fedida-Metula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University Cancer Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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35
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the serine/threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B) has emerged as a critical signaling molecule within eukaryotic cells. In addition to the research required for the clarification of its regulation by upstream kinases and phosphatases, progress has been made in the identification of Akt-binding partners that modulate its activation, regulate its kinase activity, and define its impact on downstream biological responses. Studies of Akt-binding molecules have highlighted novel mechanisms involved in the regulation of signaling downstream of activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Akt-interacting molecules may have important roles in Akt signal transduction both under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Franke
- Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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36
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Pérez-García MJ, Gou-Fabregas M, de Pablo Y, Llovera M, Comella JX, Soler RM. Neuroprotection by neurotrophic factors and membrane depolarization is regulated by calmodulin kinase IV. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:4133-44. [PMID: 18079114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705477200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors promote motoneuron (MN) survival through increased intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) and regulation of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PKB) pathway by calmodulin (CaM). Activation of the PI 3-kinase/PKB pathway is one of the well established mechanisms involved in MN survival. The Ca(2+)/CaM complex interacts with and modulates the functionality of a large number of proteins, including serine/threonine protein kinases such as Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs). Using a primary culture of embryonic chicken spinal cord MNs, we investigated the role of CaMKIV in mediating this process. We cloned chicken CaMKIV and demonstrated its expression in purified MNs by means of reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Using RNA interference, we show that endogenous CaMKIV mediates cell survival induced by neurotrophic factors or membrane depolarization. The survival effect is independent of CaMKIV kinase activity; however, CaMKIV functionality depends on the presence of Ca(2+)/CaM. Finally, CaMKIV associates to the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, suggesting a role in regulating PI 3-kinase/PKB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M José Pérez-García
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina and Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, Montserrat Roig, 2, 25008-Lleida, Spain
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Ma K, Cheung SM, Marshall AJ, Duronio V. PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2 levels correlate with PKB/akt phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473, respectively; PI(3,4)P2 levels determine PKB activity. Cell Signal 2007; 20:684-94. [PMID: 18249092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K-PKB pathway is an important and widely studied pathway in cell signaling. The enzyme activity of PI3K produces D-3 phosphoinositides, including the lipid second messengers PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2. PI(3,4,5)P3 has been deemed to be the most important second messenger for triggering PKB phosphorylation. PKB has two regulatory phosphorylation sites, Thr308 and Ser473, both of which contribute to its full activity. The direct relationship between PI3K lipid products and PKB phosphorylation is still not entirely clear. Our previous study showed that PI(3,4)P2 has a specific role in contributing to PKB phosphorylation on Ser473 sites in mast cells. In this study, we used two strategies to further elucidate this question in a well-established B cell system. First, by SHIP overexpression, we examined PKB activation under conditions where PI(3,4,5)P3 accumulation is largely suppressed. Second, we used dose response of different forms of B-cell receptor ligands to manipulate the relative levels of PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2. Our results demonstrate a close relationship between PI(3,4,5)P3 levels and Thr308 phosphorylation levels, and PI(3,4)P2 levels and Ser473 phosphorylation levels, respectively. Furthermore, overall PKB activity, primarily consisting of cytosolic enzyme, was dependent upon levels of PI(3,4)P2, while only membrane-associated PKB activity was dependent upon PI(3,4,5)P3 levels. We conclude that PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2 have distinct roles in determining PKB phosphorylation and activity. Thus, when investigating PI3K-PKB pathways, the importance of both lipids must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Ma
- Deparment of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Suppression of immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic responses by regulator of G protein signaling 13. Nat Immunol 2007; 9:73-80. [PMID: 18026105 DOI: 10.1038/ni1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells elicit allergic responses through degranulation and release of proinflammatory mediators after antigen crosslinking of the immunoglobulin E receptor FcepsilonRI. Proteins of the 'regulator of G protein signaling' (RGS) family negatively control signaling mediated by G protein-coupled receptors through GTPase-accelerating protein activity. Here we show that RGS13 inhibited allergic responses by physically interacting with the regulatory p85alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase in mast cells and disrupting its association with an FcepsilonRI-activated scaffolding complex. Rgs13-/- mice had enhanced immunoglobulin E-mediated mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis. Thus, RGS13 inhibits the assembly of immune receptor-induced signalosomes in mast cells. Abnormal RGS13 expression or function may contribute to disorders of amplified mast cell activity, such as idiopathic anaphylaxis.
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