1
|
Speckhart K, Choi J, DiMaio D, Tsai B. The BICD2 dynein cargo adaptor binds to the HPV16 L2 capsid protein and promotes HPV infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012289. [PMID: 38829892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
During entry, human papillomavirus (HPV) traffics from the endosome to the trans Golgi network (TGN) and Golgi and then the nucleus to cause infection. Although dynein is thought to play a role in HPV infection, how this host motor recruits the virus to support infection and which entry step(s) requires dynein are unclear. Here we show that the dynein cargo adaptor BICD2 binds to the HPV L2 capsid protein during entry, recruiting HPV to dynein for transport of the virus along the endosome-TGN/Golgi axis to promote infection. In the absence of BICD2 function, HPV accumulates in the endosome and TGN and infection is inhibited. Cell-based and in vitro binding studies identified a short segment near the C-terminus of L2 that can directly interact with BICD2. Our results reveal the molecular basis by which the dynein motor captures HPV to promote infection and identify this virus as a novel cargo of the BICD2 dynein adaptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Speckhart
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jeongjoon Choi
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim M, Schöbel L, Geske M, Boccaccini AR, Ghorbani F. Bovine serum albumin-modified 3D printed alginate dialdehyde-gelatin scaffolds incorporating polydopamine/SiO 2-CaO nanoparticles for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130666. [PMID: 38453119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing allows precise manufacturing of bone scaffolds for patient-specific applications and is one of the most recently developed and implemented technologies. In this study, bilayer and multimaterial alginate dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) scaffolds incorporating polydopamine (PDA)/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes were 3D printed using a pneumatic extrusion-based 3D printing technology and further modified on the surface with bovine serum albumin (BSA) for application in bone regeneration. The morphology, chemistry, and in vitro bioactivity of PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes were characterized (n = 3) and compared with those of mesoporous SiO2-CaO nanoparticles. Successful deposition of the PDA layer on the surface of the SiO2-CaO nanoparticles allowed better dispersion in a liquid medium and showed enhanced bioactivity. Rheological studies (n = 3) of ADA-GEL inks consisting of PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes showed results that may indicate better injectability and printability behavior compared to ADA-GEL inks incorporating unmodified nanoparticles. Microscopic observations of 3D printed scaffolds revealed that PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes introduced additional topography onto the surface of 3D printed scaffolds. Additionally, the modified scaffolds were mechanically stable and elastic, closely mimicking the properties of natural bone. Furthermore, protein-coated bilayer scaffolds displayed controllable absorption and biodegradation, enhanced bioactivity, MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, proliferation, and higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (n = 3) compared to unmodified scaffolds. Consequently, the present results confirm that ADA-GEL scaffolds incorporating PDA/SiO2-CaO nanoparticle complexes modified with BSA offer a promising approach for bone regeneration applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MinJoo Kim
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Schöbel
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Geske
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vallejo-Ruiz V, Gutiérrez-Xicotencatl L, Medina-Contreras O, Lizano M. Molecular aspects of cervical cancer: a pathogenesis update. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1356581. [PMID: 38567159 PMCID: PMC10985348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1356581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a significant health problem, especially in low-income countries. Functional studies on the human papillomavirus have generated essential advances in the knowledge of CC. However, many unanswered questions remain. This mini-review discusses the latest results on CC pathogenesis, HPV oncogenesis, and molecular changes identified through next-generation technologies. Interestingly, the percentage of samples with HPV genome integrations correlates with the degree of the cervical lesions, suggesting a role in the development of CC. Also, new functions have been described for the viral oncoproteins E5, E6, and E7, resulting in the acquisition and maintenance of cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, immune response evasion, apoptosis, and genomic instability. Remarkably, E5 oncoprotein affects signaling pathways involved in the expression of interferon-induced genes and EGFR-induced proliferation, while E6 and E7 oncoproteins regulate the DNA damage repair and cell cycle continuity pathways. Furthermore, next-generation technologies provide vast amounts of information, increasing our knowledge of changes in the genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and epigenome in CC. These studies have identified novel molecular traits associated with disease susceptibility, degree of progression, treatment response, and survival as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Gutiérrez-Xicotencatl
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Epidemiology, Endocrinology & Nutrition Research Unit, Mexico Children’s Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mikuličić S, Shamun M, Massenberg A, Franke AL, Freitag K, Döring T, Strunk J, Tenzer S, Lang T, Florin L. ErbB2/HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase regulates human papillomavirus promoter activity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335302. [PMID: 38370412 PMCID: PMC10869470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a major cause of cancer. While surgical intervention remains effective for a majority of HPV-caused cancers, the urgent need for medical treatments targeting HPV-infected cells persists. The pivotal early genes E6 and E7, which are under the control of the viral genome's long control region (LCR), play a crucial role in infection and HPV-induced oncogenesis, as well as immune evasion. In this study, proteomic analysis of endosomes uncovered the co-internalization of ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, also called HER2/neu, with HPV16 particles from the plasma membrane. Although ErbB2 overexpression has been associated with cervical cancer, its influence on HPV infection stages was previously unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of ErbB2 in HPV infection, focusing on HPV16. Through siRNA-mediated knockdown and pharmacological inhibition studies, we found that HPV16 entry is independent of ErbB2. Instead, our signal transduction and promoter assays unveiled a concentration- and activation-dependent regulatory role of ErbB2 on the HPV16 LCR by supporting viral promoter activity. We also found that ErbB2's nuclear localization signal was not essential for LCR activity, but rather the cellular ErbB2 protein level and activation status that were inhibited by tucatinib and CP-724714. These ErbB2-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as ErbB2 depletion significantly influenced the downstream Akt and ERK signaling pathways and LCR activity. Experiments encompassing low-risk HPV11 and high-risk HPV18 LCRs uncovered, beyond HPV16, the importance of ErbB2 in the general regulation of the HPV early promoter. Expanding our investigation to directly assess the impact of ErbB2 on viral gene expression, quantitative analysis of E6 and E7 transcript levels in HPV16 and HPV18 transformed cell lines unveiled a noteworthy decrease in oncogene expression following ErbB2 depletion, concomitant with the downregulation of Akt and ERK signaling pathways. In light of these findings, we propose that ErbB2 holds promise as potential target for treating HPV infections and HPV-associated malignancies by silencing viral gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Mikuličić
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Merha Shamun
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annika Massenberg
- University of Bonn, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Bonn, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Franke
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kirsten Freitag
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tatjana Döring
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Strunk
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON) Mainz, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- University of Bonn, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, Bonn, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu F, Chen H, Xu J, Wang Y, Nie C, Song S, Meng L, Hao K, Zhao Z. Heparan sulfate is the attachment factor associated with channel catfish virus infection on host cells. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1260002. [PMID: 37745212 PMCID: PMC10514354 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1260002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Channel catfish virus (CCV; family Alloherpesviridae) infects channel catfish, causing great harm to aquaculture fisheries and economic development. Attachment is the first step in viral infection and relies on the interaction of virions with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The present study aimed to explored the role of the main three ECM components in CCV attachment. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that neither collagen nor hyaluronic acid treatments had significant effects on CCV attachment. When exogenous heparin was used as a competitive inhibitor, the adhesion of heparin sodium salt to CCV was dose-dependent. When the concentration of heparin sodium salt was 10 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect on CCV infection of channel catfish ovary (CCO/BB) cells was more than 90%. Heparinase I could significantly prevent CCV attachment by digesting heparan sulfate on the cell surface, and both heparin sodium salt and heparinase I could dose-dependently reduce CCV titers, suggesting that heparin plays an important role in CCV attachment. In addition, the binding experiments between heparin-agarose beads and virions showed that CCV virions could specifically bind to heparin in a dose-dependent manner. The above results suggested that heparan sulfate might be an attachment factor involved in CCV infection of CCO/BB cells. These results increase our understand of the attachment mechanism of CCV and lay the foundation for further research on antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huis In 't Veld RV, Ma S, Kines RC, Savinainen A, Rich C, Ossendorp F, Jager MJ. Immune checkpoint inhibition combined with targeted therapy using a novel virus-like drug conjugate induces complete responses in a murine model of local and distant tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03425-3. [PMID: 36997666 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Metastases remain the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Therefore, improving the treatment efficacy against such tumors is essential to enhance patient survival. AU-011 (belzupacap sarotalocan) is a new virus-like drug conjugate which is currently in clinical development for the treatment of small choroidal melanoma and high-risk indeterminate lesions in the eye. Upon light activation, AU-011 induces rapid necrotic cell death which is pro-inflammatory and pro-immunogenic, resulting in an anti-tumor immune response. As AU-011 is known to induce systemic anti-tumor immune responses, we investigated whether this combination therapy would also be effective against distant, untreated tumors, as a model for treating local and distant tumors by abscopal immune effects. We compared the efficacy of combining AU-011 with several different checkpoint blockade antibodies to identify optimal treatment regimens in an in vivo tumor model. We show that AU-011 induces immunogenic cell death through the release and exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), resulting in the maturation of dendritic cells in vitro. Furthermore, we show that AU-011 accumulates in MC38 tumors over time and that ICI enhances the efficacy of AU-011 against established tumors in mice, resulting in complete responses for specific combinations in all treated animals bearing a single MC38 tumor. Finally, we show that AU-011 and anti-PD-L1/anti-LAG-3 antibody treatment was an optimal combination in an abscopal model, inducing complete responses in approximately 75% of animals. Our data show the feasibility of combining AU-011 with PD-L1 and LAG-3 antibodies for the treatment of primary and distant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben V Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huis in ‘t Veld RV, Heuts J, Ma S, Cruz LJ, Ossendorp FA, Jager MJ. Current Challenges and Opportunities of Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020330. [PMID: 36839652 PMCID: PMC9965442 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established, minimally invasive treatment for specific types of cancer. During PDT, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated that ultimately induce cell death and disruption of the tumor area. Moreover, PDT can result in damage to the tumor vasculature and induce the release and/or exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that may initiate an antitumor immune response. However, there are currently several challenges of PDT that limit its widespread application for certain indications in the clinic. METHODS A literature study was conducted to comprehensively discuss these challenges and to identify opportunities for improvement. RESULTS The most notable challenges of PDT and opportunities to improve them have been identified and discussed. CONCLUSIONS The recent efforts to improve the current challenges of PDT are promising, most notably those that focus on enhancing immune responses initiated by the treatment. The application of these improvements has the potential to enhance the antitumor efficacy of PDT, thereby broadening its potential application in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben V. Huis in ‘t Veld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeroen Heuts
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Sen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry A. Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J. Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kines RC, Schiller JT. Harnessing Human Papillomavirus’ Natural Tropism to Target Tumors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081656. [PMID: 36016277 PMCID: PMC9413966 DOI: 10.3390/v14081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small non-enveloped DNA tumor viruses established as the primary etiological agent for the development of cervical cancer. Decades of research have elucidated HPV’s primary attachment factor to be heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Importantly, wounding and exposure of the epithelial basement membrane was found to be pivotal for efficient attachment and infection of HPV in vivo. Sulfation patterns on HSPG’s become modified at the site of wounds as they serve an important role promoting tissue healing, cell proliferation and neovascularization and it is these modifications recognized by HPV. Analogous HSPG modification patterns can be found on tumor cells as they too require the aforementioned processes to grow and metastasize. Although targeting tumor associated HSPG is not a novel concept, the use of HPV to target and treat tumors has only been realized in recent years. The work herein describes how decades of basic HPV research has culminated in the rational design of an HPV-based virus-like infrared light activated dye conjugate for the treatment of choroidal melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Are De Facto Cellular Receptors for Human Papillomavirus 16 under High Serum Conditions. J Virol 2022; 96:e0185721. [DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01857-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have previously been identified as primary attachment factors for the initial binding of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) prior to infection. Here, we demonstrate that
in vitro
, HPV binding to HSPGs is strongly dependent on the surrounding experimental conditions, including the concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS).
Collapse
|
10
|
Young JM, Zine El Abidine A, Gómez-Martinez RA, Bondu V, Sterk RT, Surviladze Z, Ozbun MA. Protamine Sulfate Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Papillomavirus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0151321. [PMID: 34723633 PMCID: PMC8765401 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01513-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are transmitted through sexual or other close contact and are etiologically associated with epithelial warts, papillomas, and intraepithelial lesions that may progress to cancer. Indeed, 4.8% of the global cancer burden is linked to HPV infection. Highly effective vaccines protect against two to nine of the most medically important HPV genotypes, yet vaccine uptake is inadequate and/or cost prohibitive in many settings. With HPV-related cancer incidence expected to rise over the coming decades, there is a need for effective HPV microbicides. Herein, we demonstrate the strong inhibitory activity of the heparin-neutralizing drug protamine sulfate (PS) against HPV infection. Pretreatment of cells with PS greatly reduced infection, regardless of HPV genotype or virus source. Vaginal application of PS prevented infection of the murine genital tract by HPV pseudovirions. Time-of-addition assays where PS was added to cells before infection, during infection, or after viral attachment demonstrated strong inhibitory activities on early infection steps. No effect on virus infection was found for cell lines deficient in heparan sulfate expression, suggesting that PS binds to heparan sulfate on the cell surface. Consistent with this, prophylactic PS exposure prevented viral attachment, including under low-pH conditions akin to the human vaginal tract. Our findings suggest PS acts dually to prevent HPV infection: prophylactic treatment prevents HPV attachment to host cells, and postattachment administration alters viral entry. Clinical trials are warranted to determine whether protamine-based products are effective as topical microbicides against genital HPVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M. Young
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amira Zine El Abidine
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Gómez-Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Virginie Bondu
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Rosa T. Sterk
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Zurab Surviladze
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Michelle A. Ozbun
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chaturvedi P, Kelich P, Nitka TA, Vuković L. Computational Modeling of the Virucidal Inhibition Mechanism for Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Nanoparticles and HPV16 Capsid Segments. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13122-13131. [PMID: 34845905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Solid core nanoparticles (NPs) coated with sulfonated ligands that mimic heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) can exhibit virucidal activity against many viruses that utilize HSPG interactions with host cells for the initial stages of infection. How the interactions of these NPs with large capsid segments of HSPG-interacting viruses lead to their virucidal activity has been unclear. Here, we describe the interactions between sulfonated NPs and segments of the human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16) capsids using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations demonstrate that the NPs primarily bind at the interfaces of two HPV16 capsid proteins. After equilibration, the distances and angles between capsid proteins in the capsid segments are larger for the systems in which the NPs bind at the interfaces of capsid proteins. Over time, NP binding can lead to breaking of contacts between two neighboring proteins. The revealed mechanism of NPs targeting the interfaces between pairs of capsid proteins can be utilized for designing new generations of virucidal materials and contribute to the development of new broad-spectrum non-toxic virucidal materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parth Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Payam Kelich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Tara A Nitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Lela Vuković
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mikuličić S, Strunk J, Florin L. HPV16 Entry into Epithelial Cells: Running a Gauntlet. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122460. [PMID: 34960729 PMCID: PMC8706107 DOI: 10.3390/v13122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During initial infection, human papillomaviruses (HPV) take an unusual trafficking pathway through their host cell. It begins with a long period on the cell surface, during which the capsid is primed and a virus entry platform is formed. A specific type of clathrin-independent endocytosis and subsequent retrograde trafficking to the trans-Golgi network follow this. Cellular reorganization processes, which take place during mitosis, enable further virus transport and the establishment of infection while evading intrinsic cellular immune defenses. First, the fragmentation of the Golgi allows the release of membrane-encased virions, which are partially protected from cytoplasmic restriction factors. Second, the nuclear envelope breakdown opens the gate for these virus–vesicles to the cell nucleus. Third, the dis- and re-assembly of the PML nuclear bodies leads to the formation of modified virus-associated PML subnuclear structures, enabling viral transcription and replication. While remnants of the major capsid protein L1 and the viral DNA remain in a transport vesicle, the viral capsid protein L2 plays a crucial role during virus entry, as it adopts a membrane-spanning conformation for interaction with various cellular proteins to establish a successful infection. In this review, we follow the oncogenic HPV type 16 during its long journey into the nucleus, and contrast pro- and antiviral processes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mertins J, Finke J, Sies R, Rink KM, Hasenauer J, Lang T. The mesoscale organization of syntaxin 1A and SNAP25 is determined by SNARE-SNARE interactions. eLife 2021; 10:69236. [PMID: 34779769 PMCID: PMC8629428 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SNARE proteins have been described as the effectors of fusion events in the secretory pathway more than two decades ago. The strong interactions between SNARE domains are clearly important in membrane fusion, but it is unclear whether they are involved in any other cellular processes. Here, we analyzed two classical SNARE proteins, syntaxin 1A and SNAP25. Although they are supposed to be engaged in tight complexes, we surprisingly find them largely segregated in the plasma membrane. Syntaxin 1A only occupies a small fraction of the plasma membrane area. Yet, we find it is able to redistribute the far more abundant SNAP25 on the mesoscale by gathering crowds of SNAP25 molecules onto syntaxin clusters in a SNARE-domain-dependent manner. Our data suggest that SNARE domain interactions are not only involved in driving membrane fusion on the nanoscale, but also play an important role in controlling the general organization of proteins on the mesoscale. Further, we propose these mechanisms preserve active syntaxin 1A–SNAP25 complexes at the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Mertins
- Departments of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jérôme Finke
- Departments of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ricarda Sies
- Departments of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin M Rink
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Computational Life Sciences, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Research Unit Mathematics and Life Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- Departments of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Recent Advances in Our Understanding of the Infectious Entry Pathway of Human Papillomavirus Type 16. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102076. [PMID: 34683397 PMCID: PMC8540256 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are a diverse viral species, but several types such as HPV16 are given special attention due to their contribution towards the pathogenesis of several major cancers. In this review, we will summarize how the knowledge of HPV16 entry has expanded since the last comprehensive HPV16 entry review our lab published in 2017.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pfisterer K, Shaw LE, Symmank D, Weninger W. The Extracellular Matrix in Skin Inflammation and Infection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682414. [PMID: 34295891 PMCID: PMC8290172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an integral component of all organs and plays a pivotal role in tissue homeostasis and repair. While the ECM was long thought to mostly have passive functions by providing physical stability to tissues, detailed characterization of its physical structure and biochemical properties have uncovered an unprecedented broad spectrum of functions. It is now clear that the ECM not only comprises the essential building block of tissues but also actively supports and maintains the dynamic interplay between tissue compartments as well as embedded resident and recruited inflammatory cells in response to pathologic stimuli. On the other hand, certain pathogens such as bacteria and viruses have evolved strategies that exploit ECM structures for infection of cells and tissues, and mutations in ECM proteins can give rise to a variety of genetic conditions. Here, we review the composition, structure and function of the ECM in cutaneous homeostasis, inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis as well as infections as a paradigm for understanding its wider role in human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pfisterer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sellaoui L, Badawi M, Monari A, Tatarchuk T, Jemli S, Luiz Dotto G, Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Chen Z. Make it clean, make it safe: A review on virus elimination via adsorption. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021; 412:128682. [PMID: 33776550 PMCID: PMC7983426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.128682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the potential dangers of viral infection transmission through water and air have become the focus of worldwide attention, via the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. The occurrence of large-scale outbreaks of dangerous infections caused by unknown pathogens and the isolation of new pandemic strains require the development of improved methods of viruses' inactivation. Viruses are not stable self-sustaining living organisms and are rapidly inactivated on isolated surfaces. However, water resources and air can participate in the pathogens' diffusion, stabilization, and transmission. Viruses inactivation and elimination by adsorption are relevant since they can represent an effective and low-cost method to treat fluids, and hence limit the spread of pathogen agents. This review analyzed the interaction between viruses and carbon-based, oxide-based, porous materials and biological materials (e.g., sulfated polysaccharides and cyclodextrins). It will be shown that these adsorbents can play a relevant role in the viruses removal where water and air purification mostly occurring via electrostatic interactions. However, a clear systematic vision of the correlation between the surface potential and the adsorption capacity of the different filters is still lacking and should be provided to achieve a better comprehension of the global phenomenon. The rationalization of the adsorption capacity may be achieved through a proper physico-chemical characterization of new adsorbents, including molecular modeling and simulations, also considering the adsorption of virus-like particles on their surface. As a most timely perspective, the results on this review present potential solutions to investigate coronaviruses and specifically SARS-CoV-2, responsible of the COVID-19 pandemic, whose spread can be limited by the efficient disinfection and purification of closed-spaces air and urban waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Sellaoui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Michael Badawi
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques LPCT UMR CNRS 7019, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques LPCT UMR CNRS 7019, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Tetiana Tatarchuk
- Educational and Scientific Center of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Sonia Jemli
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Enzymatic and Biomolecules (LMBEB), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Biology Department, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, 1000, Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Zhuqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Harwood MC, Dupzyk AJ, Inoue T, DiMaio D, Tsai B. p120 catenin recruits HPV to γ-secretase to promote virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008946. [PMID: 33085724 PMCID: PMC7577436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During internalization and trafficking, human papillomavirus (HPV) moves from the cell surface to the endosome where the transmembrane protease γ-secretase promotes insertion of the viral L2 capsid protein into the endosome membrane. Protrusion of L2 through the endosome membrane into the cytosol allows the recruitment of cytosolic host factors that target the virus to the Golgi en route for productive infection. How endosome-localized HPV is delivered to γ-secretase, a decisive infection step, is unclear. Here we demonstrate that cytosolic p120 catenin, likely via an unidentified transmembrane protein, interacts with HPV at early time-points during viral internalization and trafficking. In the endosome, p120 is not required for low pH-dependent disassembly of the HPV L1 capsid protein from the incoming virion. Rather, p120 is required for HPV to interact with γ-secretase-an interaction that ensures the virus is transported along a productive route. Our findings clarify an enigmatic HPV infection step and provide critical insights into HPV infection that may lead to new therapeutic strategies against HPV-induced diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Calypso Harwood
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Allison Jade Dupzyk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Takamasa Inoue
- Pathogen Research Section, Central Research Laboratory, Research and Development Division, Japan Blood Products Organization, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mikuličić S, Fritzen A, Scheffer K, Strunk J, Cabañas C, Sperrhacke M, Reiss K, Florin L. Tetraspanin CD9 affects HPV16 infection by modulating ADAM17 activity and the ERK signalling pathway. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:461-471. [PMID: 32385608 PMCID: PMC7206579 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are causative agents of various tumours such as cervical cancer. HPV binding to the cell surface of keratinocytes leads to virus endocytosis at tetraspanin enriched microdomains. Complex interactions of the capsid proteins with host proteins as well as ADAM17-dependent ERK1/2 signal transduction enable the entry platform assembly of the oncogenic HPV type 16. Here, we studied the importance of tetraspanin CD9, also known as TSPAN29, in HPV16 infection of different epithelial cells. We found that both overexpression and loss of the tetraspanin decreased infection rates in cells with low endogenous CD9 levels, while reduction of CD9 expression in keratinocytes that exhibit high-CD9 protein amounts, led to an increase of infection. Therefore, we concluded that low-CD9 supports infection. Moreover, we found that changes in CD9 amounts affect the shedding of the ADAM17 substrate transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) and the downstream phosphorylation of ERK. These effects correlate with those on infection rates suggesting that a specific CD9 optimum promotes ADAM17 activity, ERK signalling and virus infection. Together, our findings implicate that CD9 regulates HPV16 infection through the modulation of ADAM17 sheddase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Mikuličić
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Fritzen
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstanze Scheffer
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Strunk
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology (IOO), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sperrhacke
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 9, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Reiss
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 9, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Augustusplatz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Finke J, Hitschler L, Boller K, Florin L, Lang T. HPV caught in the tetraspanin web? Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:447-459. [PMID: 32535702 PMCID: PMC7293171 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanins are master organizers of the cell membrane. Recent evidence suggests that tetraspanins themselves may become crowded by virus particles and that these crowds/aggregates co-internalize with the viral particles. Using microscopy, we studied human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16-dependent aggregates on the cell surface of tetraspanin overexpressing keratinocytes. We find that aggregates are (1) rich in at least two different tetraspanins, (2) three-dimensional architectures extending up to several micrometers into the cell, and (3) decorated intracellularly by filamentous actin. Moreover, in cells not overexpressing tetraspanins, we note that obscurin-like protein 1 (OBSL1), which is thought to be a cytoskeletal adaptor, associates with filamentous actin. We speculate that HPV contact with the cell membrane could trigger the formation of a large tetraspanin web. This web may couple the virus contact site to the intracellular endocytic actin machinery, possibly involving the cytoskeletal adaptor protein OBSL1. Functionally, such a tetraspanin web could serve as a virus entry platform, which is co-internalized with the virus particle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Finke
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Lisa Hitschler
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Boller
- Paul Ehrlich Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Okamoto CT. Nucleotide binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain-containing protein 12: characterization of its binding to hematopoietic cell kinase. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1507-1525. [PMID: 32226298 PMCID: PMC7097926 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are key to define the function of nucleotide binding domain (NBD) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family, pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 12 (NLRP12). cDNA encoding the human PYD + NBD of NLRP12 was used as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen with a human leukocyte cDNA library as prey. Hematopoiesis cell kinase (HCK), a member of the c-SRC family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, was among the top hits. The C-terminal 40 amino acids of HCK selectively bound to NLRP12's PYD + NBD, but not to that of NLRP3 and NLRP8. Amino acids F503, I506, Q507, L510, and D511 of HCK are critical for the binding of HCK's C-terminal 40 amino acids to NLRP12's PYD + NBD. Additionally, the C-terminal 30 amino acids of HCK are sufficient to bind to NLRP12's PYD + NBD, but not to its PYD alone nor to its NBD alone. In cell lines that express HCK endogenously, it was co- immunoprecipitated with stably expressed exogenous NLRP12. Also, NLRP12 co-immunoprecipitated and co-localized with HCK when both were overexpressed in 293T cells. In addition, in this overexpression system, steady-state NLRP12 protein expression levels significantly decreased when HCK was co-expressed. Bioinformatic analysis showed that HCK mRNA co-occurred with NLRP12 mRNA, but not with other NLRP mRNAs, in blood and marrow samples from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The mRNA of NLRP12 is also co-expressed with HCK in AML patient samples, and the levels of mRNA expression of each are correlated. Together these data suggest that NLRP12, through its binding to HCK, may have an effect on the pathogenesis of AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, USA 90089-9121
| | - Curtis T Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, USA 90089-9121
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Finke J, Mikuličić S, Loster AL, Gawlitza A, Florin L, Lang T. Anatomy of a viral entry platform differentially functionalized by integrins α3 and α6. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5356. [PMID: 32210347 PMCID: PMC7093462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell invasion, human papillomaviruses use large CD151 patches on the cell surface. Here, we studied whether these patches are defined architectures with features for virus binding and/or internalization. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that the patches are assemblies of closely associated nanoclusters of CD151, integrin α3 and integrin α6. Integrin α6 is required for virus attachment and integrin α3 for endocytosis. We propose that CD151 organizes viral entry platforms with different types of integrin clusters for different functionalities. Since numerous viruses use tetraspanin patches, we speculate that this building principle is a blueprint for cell-surface architectures utilized by viral particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Finke
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Snježana Mikuličić
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Loster
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Gawlitza
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shen-Gunther J, Cai H, Zhang H, Wang Y. Abundance of HPV L1 Intra-Genotype Variants With Capsid Epitopic Modifications Found Within Low- and High-Grade Pap Smears With Potential Implications for Vaccinology. Front Genet 2019; 10:489. [PMID: 31231420 PMCID: PMC6558378 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotype composition and intra-genotype variants within individual samples of low- and high-grade cervical cytology by deep sequencing. Clinical, cytological, sequencing, and functional/structural data were forged into an integrated variant profiling pipeline for the detection of potentially vaccine-resistant genotypes or variants. Methods: Low- and high-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL and HSIL) cytology samples with +HPV were subjected to amplicon (L1 gene fragment) sequencing by dideoxy (Sanger) and deep methods. Taxonomic, abundance, diversity, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted to determine HPV genotypes/sub-lineages, relative abundance, species diversity and phylogenetic distances within and between samples. Variant detection and functional analysis of translated L1 amino acid sequences determined structural variations of interest. Results: Pure and mixed HPV infections were common among LSIL (n = 6) and HSIL (n = 6) samples. Taxonomic profiling revealed loss of species richness and gain of dominance by carcinogenic genotypes in HSIL samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed excellent correlation between HPV-type specific genetic distances and carcinogenic potential. For combined LSIL/HSIL samples (n = 12), 11 HPV genotypes and 417 mutations were detected: 375 single-nucleotide variants (SNV), 29 insertion/deletion (indel), 12 multi-nucleotide variants (MNV), and 1 replacement variant. The proportion of nonsynonymous mutations was lower for HSIL (0.38) than for LSIL samples (0.51) (p < 0.05). HPV variant analysis pinpointed nucleotide-level mutations and amino acid-level structural modifications. Conclusion: HPV L1 intra-host and intra-genotype variants are abundant in LSIL and HSIL samples with potential functional/structural consequences. An integrated multi-omics approach to variant analysis may provide a sensitive and practical means of detecting changes in HPV evolution and dynamics within individuals or populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shen-Gunther
- Gynecologic Oncology and Clinical Investigation, Department of Clinical Investigation, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mikuličić S, Finke J, Boukhallouk F, Wüstenhagen E, Sons D, Homsi Y, Reiss K, Lang T, Florin L. ADAM17-dependent signaling is required for oncogenic human papillomavirus entry platform assembly. eLife 2019; 8:44345. [PMID: 31107240 PMCID: PMC6557631 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small DNA viruses that infect keratinocytes. After HPV binding to cell surface receptors, a cascade of molecular interactions mediates the infectious cellular internalization of virus particles. Aside from the virus itself, important molecular players involved in virus entry include the tetraspanin CD151 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). To date, it is unknown how these components are coordinated in space and time. Here, we studied plasma membrane dynamics of CD151 and EGFR and the HPV16 capsid during the early phase of infection. We find that the proteinase ADAM17 activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) pathway by the shedding of growth factors which triggers the formation of an endocytic entry platform. Infectious endocytic entry platforms carrying virus particles consist of two-fold larger CD151 domains containing the EGFR. Our finding clearly dissects initial virus binding from ADAM17-dependent assembly of a HPV/CD151/EGFR entry platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Mikuličić
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jérôme Finke
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fatima Boukhallouk
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Wüstenhagen
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Sons
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yahya Homsi
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karina Reiss
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lang
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Extracellular events impacting human papillomavirus infections: Epithelial wounding to cell signaling involved in virus entry. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2019; 7:188-192. [PMID: 30981651 PMCID: PMC6514438 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), like all PVs, predominantly cause benign tumors, or warts, in stratifying squamous epithelial tissues. Virions are released from apical surfaces of the skin and mucosa and, to initiate a new infection, must utilize a break in the epithelial barrier to access mitotically active basal epithelial cells. Laboratory models currently used to study the HPV infectious process reveal that heparan sulfate proteoglycans and cellular enzymes are utilized to prime virions and activate cell signaling to coordinate virus association with a receptor complex for uptake into keratinocytes. Conventional cell-based infection systems lack many aspects relevant to determining the role of epithelial wounding in HPV infections. Nevertheless, many cellular factors involved in virion interaction with cells have been shown to actively coordinate their activities in the dynamic state of an epithelial wound. In this review, I summarize the current knowledge regarding how HPVs interact with extracellular components to prime virus particles for eventual disassembly and effectuate association with the viral receptor complex. Additionally, I propose a model to account for how epithelial injury and the wound response may actively participate in successful HPV infection of basal epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
Superinfection Exclusion between Two High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types during a Coinfection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01993-17. [PMID: 29437958 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01993-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Superinfection exclusion is a common phenomenon whereby a single cell is unable to be infected by two types of the same pathogen. Superinfection exclusion has been described for various viruses, including vaccinia virus, measles virus, hepatitis C virus, influenza A virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Additionally, the mechanism of exclusion has been observed at various steps of the viral life cycle, including attachment, entry, viral genomic replication, transcription, and exocytosis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical cancer. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that up to 50% women who are HPV positive (HPV+) are infected with more than one HPV type. However, no mechanism of superinfection exclusion has ever been identified for HPV. Here, we show that superinfection exclusion exists during a HPV coinfection and that it occurs on the cell surface during the attachment/entry phase of the viral life cycle. Additionally, we are able to show that the minor capsid protein L2 plays a role in this exclusion. This study shows, for the first time, that superinfection exclusion occurs during HPV coinfections and describes a potential molecular mechanism through which it occurs.IMPORTANCE Superinfection exclusion is a phenomenon whereby one cell is unable to be infected by multiple related pathogens. This phenomenon has been described for many viruses and has been shown to occur at various points in the viral life cycle. HPV is the causative agent of cervical cancer and is involved in other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Recent epidemiological research has shown that up to 50% of HPV-positive individuals harbor more than one type of HPV. We investigated the interaction between two high-risk HPV types, HPV16 and HPV18, during a coinfection. We present data showing that HPV16 is able to block or exclude HPV18 on the cell surface during a coinfection. This exclusion is due in part to differences in the HPV minor capsid protein L2. This report provides, for the first time, evidence of superinfection exclusion for HPV and leads to a better understanding of the complex interactions between multiple HPV types during coinfections.
Collapse
|
26
|
Valencia-Reséndiz DG, Palomino-Vizcaino G, Tapia-Vieyra JV, Benítez-Hess ML, Leija-Montoya AG, Alvarez-Salas LM. Inhibition of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Infection Using an RNA Aptamer. Nucleic Acid Ther 2018; 28:97-105. [PMID: 29437522 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2017.0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA has been found in ∼50% of cervical tumors worldwide. HPV infection starts with the binding of the virus capsid to heparan sulfate (HS) receptors exposed on the surface of epithelial basal layer keratinocytes. Previously, our group isolated a high-affinity RNA aptamer (Sc5c3) specific for HPV16 L1 virus-like particles (VLPs). In this study, we report the inhibition of HPV16 infection by Sc5c3 in a pseudovirus (PsVs) model. 293TT cells were infected by HPV16 PsVs containing the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) as reporter gene. Incubation of HPV16 PsVs with Sc5c3 before infection resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in YFP fluorescence, suggesting infection inhibition. Aptamer degradation by RNase A restored PsVs infectivity, supporting the previous observation that Sc5c3 aptamer can inhibit infection. VLP mutants with removed HS binding sites were used in binding assays to elucidate the Sc5c3 blocking mechanism; however, no binding difference was observed between wild-type and mutant VLPs, suggesting that pseudoinfection inhibition relies on mechanisms additional to electrostatic HS binding site interaction. A DNA/RNA Sc5c3 version also inhibited HPV PsVs infection, suggesting that a modified, nuclease-resistant Sc5c3 may be used to inhibit HPV16 infection in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gabriela Valencia-Reséndiz
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Giovanni Palomino-Vizcaino
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juana Virginia Tapia-Vieyra
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. , Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Luisa Benítez-Hess
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana Gabriela Leija-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Marat Alvarez-Salas
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. , Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cagno V, Andreozzi P, D'Alicarnasso M, Jacob Silva P, Mueller M, Galloux M, Le Goffic R, Jones ST, Vallino M, Hodek J, Weber J, Sen S, Janeček ER, Bekdemir A, Sanavio B, Martinelli C, Donalisio M, Rameix Welti MA, Eleouet JF, Han Y, Kaiser L, Vukovic L, Tapparel C, Král P, Krol S, Lembo D, Stellacci F. Broad-spectrum non-toxic antiviral nanoparticles with a virucidal inhibition mechanism. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:195-203. [PMID: 29251725 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections kill millions yearly. Available antiviral drugs are virus-specific and active against a limited panel of human pathogens. There are broad-spectrum substances that prevent the first step of virus-cell interaction by mimicking heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), the highly conserved target of viral attachment ligands (VALs). The reversible binding mechanism prevents their use as a drug, because, upon dilution, the inhibition is lost. Known VALs are made of closely packed repeating units, but the aforementioned substances are able to bind only a few of them. We designed antiviral nanoparticles with long and flexible linkers mimicking HSPG, allowing for effective viral association with a binding that we simulate to be strong and multivalent to the VAL repeating units, generating forces (∼190 pN) that eventually lead to irreversible viral deformation. Virucidal assays, electron microscopy images, and molecular dynamics simulations support the proposed mechanism. These particles show no cytotoxicity, and in vitro nanomolar irreversible activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papilloma virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue and lenti virus. They are active ex vivo in human cervicovaginal histocultures infected by HSV-2 and in vivo in mice infected with RSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Andreozzi
- IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- CIC biomaGUNE Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group San Sebastian-Donostia, 20014 Donastia San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Paulo Jacob Silva
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Mueller
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Galloux
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Samuel T Jones
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jones Lab, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Marta Vallino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soumyo Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Emma-Rose Janeček
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmet Bekdemir
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Sanavio
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marie-Anne Rameix Welti
- UMR INSERM U1173 I2, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil-UVSQ, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Yanxiao Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lela Vukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Department of Microbiology and Molecular medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva University Hospitals, Infectious Diseases Divisions, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Silke Krol
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Univerisità degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao PF, Liu YX, Zhang L, Zhang S, Li HW, Wu Y, Wu L. Cell receptor screening for human papillomavirus invasion by using a polyoxometalate-peptide assembly as a probe. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 514:407-414. [PMID: 29278796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study constructed a competitive recognition system using cell receptor screening for human papillomavirus (HPV) invasion by using the hybrid-assembly of polyoxometalates (POMs) and cationic peptides as a platform. The fine tuning both of the surface charge of POMs and peptide sequence were precisely performed to develop a luminescence switch of POMs, leading to the establishment of a ternary system to identify which types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are potential cell receptors for HPV infection. In addition, the method was successfully applied to construct a hybrid-assembly with the recombined HPV 16 L1 pentamers from Escherichia coli and perform GAGs screening, which validated the system's potential for practical applications. In particular, the intrinsic mechanism for each competitive partner in the system was explained well by using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and time-resolved fluorescence spectra. The present method will be helpful to extend the protocol to other systems by using peptides and POMs with similar properties, and ultimately, we hope it will promote the development of anti-viral agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lening Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yuqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kines RC, Varsavsky I, Choudhary S, Bhattacharya D, Spring S, McLaughlin R, Kang SJ, Grossniklaus HE, Vavvas D, Monks S, MacDougall JR, de Los Pinos E, Schiller JT. An Infrared Dye-Conjugated Virus-like Particle for the Treatment of Primary Uveal Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:565-574. [PMID: 29242243 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The work outlined herein describes AU-011, a novel recombinant papillomavirus-like particle (VLP) drug conjugate and its initial evaluation as a potential treatment for primary uveal melanoma. The VLP is conjugated with a phthalocyanine photosensitizer, IRDye 700DX, that exerts its cytotoxic effect through photoactivation with a near-infrared laser. We assessed the anticancer properties of AU-011 in vitro utilizing a panel of human cancer cell lines and in vivo using murine subcutaneous and rabbit orthotopic xenograft models of uveal melanoma. The specificity of VLP binding (tumor targeting), mediated through cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), was assessed using HSPG-deficient cells and by inclusion of heparin in in vitro studies. Our results provide evidence of potent and selective anticancer activity, both in vitro and in vivo AU-011 activity was blocked by inhibiting its association with HSPG using heparin and using cells lacking surface HSPG, indicating that the tumor tropism of the VLP was not affected by dye conjugation and cell association is critical for AU-011-mediated cytotoxicity. Using the uveal melanoma xenograft models, we observed tumor uptake following intravenous (murine) and intravitreal (rabbit) administration and, after photoactivation, potent dose-dependent tumor responses. Furthermore, in the rabbit orthotopic model, which closely models uveal melanoma as it presents in the clinic, tumor treatment spared the retina and adjacent ocular structures. Our results support further clinical development of this novel therapeutic modality that might transform visual outcomes and provide a targeted therapy for the early-stage treatment of patients with this rare and life-threatening disease. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 565-74. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shin J Kang
- Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Demetrios Vavvas
- Angiogenesis Laboratory Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - John T Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Crystal Structures of Two Immune Complexes Identify Determinants for Viral Infectivity and Type-Specific Neutralization of Human Papillomavirus. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00787-17. [PMID: 28951471 PMCID: PMC5615192 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00787-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer. Neutralizing antibodies elicited by L1-only virus-like particles (VLPs) can block HPV infection; however, the lack of high-resolution structures has limited our understanding of the mode of virus infection and the requirement for type specificity at the molecular level. Here, we describe two antibodies, A12A3 and 28F10, that specifically bind to and neutralize HPV58 and HPV59, respectively, through two distinct binding stoichiometries. We show that the epitopes of A12A3 are clustered in the DE loops of two adjacent HPV58 L1 monomers, whereas 28F10 recognizes the HPV59 FG loop of a single monomer. Via structure-based mutagenesis and analysis of antibody binding, we further identified the residues HPV58 D154, S168, and N170 and HPV59 M267, Q270, E273, Y276, K278, and R283, which play critical roles in virus infection. By substituting these strategic epitope residues into other HPV genotypes, we could then redirect the type-specific binding of the antibodies to these genotypes, thus highlighting the importance of these specific residues, HPV58 R161, S168, and N308 and HPV59 Q270, E273, and D281. Overall, our findings provide molecular insights into potential structural determinants of HPV required for infectivity and type specificity. High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are considered the major causative pathogens of cancers that affect epithelial mucosa, such as cervical cancer. However, because of the lack of high-resolution structural information on the sites of neutralization, we have yet to determine the precise mode of HPV infection and how different types of HPV cause infection. Our crystal structures in this study have uncovered discrete binding stoichiometries for two different antibodies. We show that one A12A3 Fab binds to the center of one HPV58 pentamer, whereas five 28F10 Fabs bind along the top fringe of one HPV59 pentamer. Furthermore, through targeted epitope analysis, we show that 6 to 7 discontinuous residues of the L1 major capsid protein of HPV are determinants, at least in part, for virus infection and type specificity. This knowledge will help us to unravel the process of HPV infection and can potentially be used to drive the development of therapeutics that target neutralization-sensitive sites.
Collapse
|
31
|
Stavolone L, Lionetti V. Extracellular Matrix in Plants and Animals: Hooks and Locks for Viruses. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1760. [PMID: 28955324 PMCID: PMC5600933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal and plants cells plays important roles in viral diseases. While in animal cells extracellular matrix components can be exploited by viruses for recognition, attachment and entry, the plant cell wall acts as a physical barrier to viral entry and adds a higher level of difficulty to intercellular movement of viruses. Interestingly, both in plant and animal systems, ECM can be strongly remodeled during virus infection, and the understanding of remodeling mechanisms and molecular players offers new perspectives for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the different roles played by the ECM in plant and animal hosts during virus infection with special emphasis on the similarities and differences. Possible biotechnological applications aimed at improving viral resistance are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Stavolone
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheBari, Italy.,International Institute of Tropical AgricultureIbadan, Nigeria
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", "Sapienza" Università di RomaRome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Palomino-Vizcaino G, Valencia Reséndiz DG, Benítez-Hess ML, Martínez-Acuña N, Tapia-Vieyra JV, Bahena D, Díaz-Sánchez M, García-González OP, Alvarez-Sandoval BA, Alvarez-Salas LM. Effect of HPV16 L1 virus-like particles on the aggregation of non-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 100:176-183. [PMID: 28889068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric assays based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are of considerable interest for diagnostics because of their simplicity and low-cost. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the interaction between the GNPs and the intended molecular target is critical for the development of reliable detection technologies. The present report describes the spontaneous interaction between HPV16 L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) and non-functionalized GNPs (nfGNPs) resulting in the inhibition of nfGNPs salt-induced aggregation and the stabilization of purified VLPs. Ionic-competition experiments suggested that the nature of nfGNPs-VLPs interaction is non-covalent. Adsorption of an RNA aptamer on nfGNPs surface showed an additive aggregation-inhibitory effect. The use of mutant VLPs confirmed that the interaction nfGNPs-VLPs is not mediated by the opposing superficial electrostatic charges, suggesting that non-electrostatic forces participate in the arrangement of nfGNPs on the VLPs surface. Competition experiments using increasing ethanol concentrations on nfGNPs-VLPs complexes suggested hydrophobic interactions as the main stabilizing force. Therefore, the nfGNPs-VLPs interaction described here should facilitate the development of adsorption assays based on nfGNPs for HPV detection and cervical cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Bahena
- Laboratorio Avanzado de Nanoscopía Electrónica (LANE), Centro de Investigación y de EstudiosAvanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México D.F., México
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Sánchez
- R,D & Innovation Department, Genes2Life S.A.P.I. de C.V., Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Human Papillomavirus Major Capsid Protein L1 Remains Associated with the Incoming Viral Genome throughout the Entry Process. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00537-17. [PMID: 28566382 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00537-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During infectious entry, acidification within the endosome triggers uncoating of the human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid, whereupon host cyclophilins facilitate the release of most of the major capsid protein, L1, from the minor capsid protein L2 and the viral genome. The L2/DNA complex traffics to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). After the onset of mitosis, HPV-harboring transport vesicles bud from the TGN, followed by association with mitotic chromosomes. During this time, the HPV genome remains in a vesicular compartment until the nucleus has completely reformed. Recent data suggest that while most of L1 protein dissociates and is degraded in the endosome, some L1 protein remains associated with the viral genome. The L1 protein has DNA binding activity, and the L2 protein has multiple domains capable of interacting with L1 capsomeres. In this study, we report that some L1 protein traffics with L2 and viral genome to the nucleus. The accompanying L1 protein is mostly full length and retains conformation-dependent epitopes, which are recognized by neutralizing antibodies. Since more than one L1 molecule contributes to these epitopes and requires assembly into capsomeres, we propose that L1 protein is present in the form of pentamers. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the L1 protein interacts directly with viral DNA within the capsid. Based on our findings, we propose that the L1 protein, likely arranged as capsomeres, stabilizes the viral genome within the subviral complex during intracellular trafficking.IMPORTANCE After internalization, the nonenveloped human papillomavirus virion uncoats in the endosome, whereupon conformational changes result in a dissociation of a subset of the major capsid protein L1 from the minor capsid protein L2, which remains in complex with the viral DNA. Recent data suggest that some L1 protein may accompany the viral genome beyond the endosomal compartment. We demonstrate that conformationally intact L1 protein, likely still arranged as capsomeres, remains associated with the incoming viral genome throughout mitosis and transiently resides in the nucleus until after the viral DNA is released from the transport vesicle.
Collapse
|
34
|
Tan CW, Sam IC, Chong WL, Lee VS, Chan YF. Polysulfonate suramin inhibits Zika virus infection. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:186-194. [PMID: 28457855 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus that causes newborn microcephaly and Guillian-Barré syndrome in adults. No therapeutics are available to treat ZIKV infection or other flaviviruses. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effect of glycosaminoglycans and analogues against ZIKV infection. Highly sulfated heparin, dextran sulfate and suramin significantly inhibited ZIKV infection in Vero cells. De-sulfated heparin analogues lose inhibitory effect, implying that sulfonate groups are critical for viral inhibition. Suramin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic drug, inhibits ZIKV infection with 3-5 log10 PFU viral reduction with IC50 value of ∼2.5-5 μg/ml (1.93 μM-3.85 μM). A time-of-drug-addition study revealed that suramin remains potent even when administrated at 1-24 hpi. Suramin inhibits ZIKV infection by preventing viral adsorption, entry and replication. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed stronger interaction of suramin with ZIKV NS3 helicase than with the envelope protein. Suramin warrants further investigation as a potential antiviral candidate for ZIKV infection. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a cellular attachment receptor for multiple flaviviruses. However, no direct ZIKV-heparin interaction was observed in heparin-binding analysis, and downregulate or removal of cellular HS with sodium chlorate or heparinase I/III did not inhibit ZIKV infection. This indicates that cell surface HS is not utilized by ZIKV as an attachment receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wah Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Lim Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhong Z, Zhai Y, Bu P, Shah S, Qiao L. Papilloma-pseudovirus eradicates intestinal tumours and triples the lifespan of Apc Min/+ mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15004. [PMID: 28397782 PMCID: PMC5394268 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing tumour-specific adaptive immunity, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, can result in promising antitumour effect against several human malignancies, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade strategies. However, little is known whether activation of innate immunity can lead to direct tumoricidal effect. Here, we develop a papilloma pseudovirus-based oral immunotherapeutic approach that shows strong tumoricidal effects in the gut, resulting in an almost tripled lifespan of ApcMin/+ mice (an animal model of human intestinal tumorigenesis). Mechanistically, these pseudoviruses activate the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes, leading to caspase-1-mediated tumour regression that is dependent on neither cytotoxic T lymphocytes nor humoral immune response. Blocking caspase-1 activation abrogated the therapeutic effects of the pseudoviruses. Thus, targeting innate immune sensors in tumours by the pseudoviruses might represent a strategy to treat intestinal tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Yougang Zhai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Ping Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.,Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141, USA
| | - Shivanee Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.,Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Guan J, Bywaters SM, Brendle SA, Ashley RE, Makhov AM, Conway JF, Christensen ND, Hafenstein S. Cryoelectron Microscopy Maps of Human Papillomavirus 16 Reveal L2 Densities and Heparin Binding Site. Structure 2017; 25:253-263. [PMID: 28065506 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant health burden and leading cause of virus-induced cancers. The current commercial vaccines are genotype specific and provide little therapeutic benefit to patients with existing HPV infections. Host entry mechanisms represent an excellent target for alternative therapeutics, but HPV receptor use, the details of cell attachment, and host entry are inadequately understood. Here we present near-atomic resolution structures of the HPV16 capsid and HPV16 in complex with heparin, both determined from cryoelectron micrographs collected with direct electron detection technology. The structures clarify details of capsid architecture for the first time, including variation in L1 major capsid protein conformation and putative location of L2 minor protein. Heparin binds specifically around the capsid icosahedral vertices and may recapitulate the earliest stage of infection, providing a framework for continuing biochemical, genetic, and biophysical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Mail Code H036, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Stephanie M Bywaters
- Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sarah A Brendle
- Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Robert E Ashley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Mail Code H036, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Alexander M Makhov
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - James F Conway
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Neil D Christensen
- Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Susan Hafenstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Mail Code H036, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chinisaz M, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Dehpour AR, Yaghmaei P, Parivar K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Structure and function of anhydride-modified forms of human insulin: In silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 96:342-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
38
|
Wüstenhagen E, Hampe L, Boukhallouk F, Schneider MA, Spoden GA, Negwer I, Koynov K, Kast WM, Florin L. The Cytoskeletal Adaptor Obscurin-Like 1 Interacts with the Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) Capsid Protein L2 and Is Required for HPV16 Endocytosis. J Virol 2016; 90:10629-10641. [PMID: 27654294 PMCID: PMC5110159 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01222-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid protein L2 is essential for viral entry. To gain a deeper understanding of the role of L2, we searched for novel cellular L2-interacting proteins. A yeast two-hybrid analysis uncovered the actin-depolymerizing factor gelsolin, the membrane glycoprotein dysadherin, the centrosomal protein 68 (Cep68), and the cytoskeletal adaptor protein obscurin-like 1 protein (OBSL1) as putative L2 binding molecules. Pseudovirus (PsV) infection assays identified OBSL1 as a host factor required for gene transduction by three oncogenic human papillomavirus types, HPV16, HPV18, and HPV31. In addition, we detected OBSL1 expression in cervical tissue sections and noted the involvement of OBSL1 during gene transduction of primary keratinocytes by HPV16 PsV. Complex formation of HPV16 L2 with OBSL1 was demonstrated in coimmunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation studies after overexpression of L2 or after PsV exposure. We observed a strong colocalization of OBSL1 with HPV16 PsV and tetraspanin CD151 at the plasma membrane, suggesting a role for OBSL1 in viral endocytosis. Indeed, viral entry assays exhibited a reduction of viral endocytosis in OBSL1-depleted cells. Our results suggest OBSL1 as a novel L2-interacting protein and endocytosis factor in HPV infection. IMPORTANCE Human papillomaviruses infect mucosal and cutaneous epithelia, and the high-risk HPV types account for 5% of cancer cases worldwide. As recently discovered, HPV entry occurs by a clathrin-, caveolin-, and dynamin-independent endocytosis via tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. At present, the cellular proteins involved in the underlying mechanism of this type of endocytosis are under investigation. In this study, the cytoskeletal adaptor OBSL1 was discovered as a previously unrecognized interaction partner of the minor capsid protein L2 and was identified as a proviral host factor required for HPV16 endocytosis into target cells. The findings of this study advance the understanding of a so far less well-characterized endocytic pathway that is used by oncogenic HPV subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Wüstenhagen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Hampe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatima Boukhallouk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gilles A Spoden
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Inka Negwer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - W Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luise Florin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tan CW, Sam IC, Lee VS, Wong HV, Chan YF. VP1 residues around the five-fold axis of enterovirus A71 mediate heparan sulfate interaction. Virology 2016; 501:79-87. [PMID: 27875780 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a neurotropic enterovirus that uses heparan sulfate as an attachment receptor. The molecular determinants of EV-A71-heparan sulfate interaction are unknown. With In silico heparin docking and mutagenesis of all possible lysine residues in VP1, we identified that K162, K242 and K244 are responsible for heparin interaction and inhibition. EV-A71 mutants with K242A and K244A rapidly acquired compensatory mutations, T100K or E98A, and Q145R-T237N respectively, which restored the heparin-binding phenotype. Both VP1-98 and VP1-145 modulates heparin binding. Heparin-binding phenotype was completely abolished with VP1-E98-E145, but was restored by an E98K or E145Q substitution. During cell culture adaptation, EV-A71 rapidly acquired K98 or Q/G145 to restore the heparin-binding phenotype. Together with next-generation sequencing analysis, our results implied that EV-A71 has high genetic plasticity by modulating positively-charged residues at the five-fold axis during in vitro heparin adaptation. Our finding has impact on EV-A71 vaccine production, evolutionary studies and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wah Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Computational Simulation Modelling Laboratory (CSML), Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Hui Vern Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
DiGiuseppe S, Bienkowska-Haba M, Guion LG, Sapp M. Cruising the cellular highways: How human papillomavirus travels from the surface to the nucleus. Virus Res 2016; 231:1-9. [PMID: 27984059 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The non-enveloped human papillomaviruses (HPVs) specifically target epithelial cells of the skin and mucosa. Successful infection requires a lesion in the stratified tissue for access to the basal cells. Herein, we discuss our recent progress in understanding binding, internalization, uncoating, and intracellular trafficking of HPV particles. Our focus will be on HPV type 16, which is the most common HPV type associated with various anogenital and oropharyngeal carcinomas. The study of HPV entry has revealed a number of novel cellular pathways utilized during infection. These include but are not restricted to the following: a previously uncharacterized form of endocytosis, membrane penetration by a capsid protein, the use of retromer complexes for trafficking to the trans-Golgi network, the requirement for nuclear envelope breakdown and microtubule-mediated transport during mitosis for nuclear entry, the existence of membrane-bound intranuclear vesicles harboring HPV genome, and the requirement of PML protein for efficient transcription of incoming viral genome. The continued study of these pathways may reveal new roles in basic biological cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen DiGiuseppe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Malgorzata Bienkowska-Haba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Lucile G Guion
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Martin Sapp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mulloy B, Hogwood J, Gray E, Lever R, Page CP. Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:76-141. [PMID: 26672027 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.011247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been recognized as a valuable anticoagulant and antithrombotic for several decades and is still widely used in clinical practice for a variety of indications. The anticoagulant activity of heparin is mainly attributable to the action of a specific pentasaccharide sequence that acts in concert with antithrombin, a plasma coagulation factor inhibitor. This observation has led to the development of synthetic heparin mimetics for clinical use. However, it is increasingly recognized that heparin has many other pharmacological properties, including but not limited to antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimetastatic actions. Many of these activities are independent of its anticoagulant activity, although the mechanisms of these other activities are currently less well defined. Nonetheless, heparin is being exploited for clinical uses beyond anticoagulation and developed for a wide range of clinical disorders. This article provides a "state of the art" review of our current understanding of the pharmacology of heparin and related drugs and an overview of the status of development of such drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.); and University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - John Hogwood
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.); and University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Elaine Gray
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.); and University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Rebecca Lever
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.); and University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.); and University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zahin M, Joh J, Khanal S, Husk A, Mason H, Warzecha H, Ghim SJ, Miller DM, Matoba N, Jenson AB. Scalable Production of HPV16 L1 Protein and VLPs from Tobacco Leaves. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160995. [PMID: 27518899 PMCID: PMC4982596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy among women particularly in developing countries, with human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 causing 50% of invasive cervical cancers. A plant-based HPV vaccine is an alternative to the currently available virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, and would be much less expensive. We optimized methods to express HPV16 L1 protein and purify VLPs from tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves transfected with the magnICON deconstructed viral vector expression system. L1 proteins were extracted from agro-infiltrated leaves using a series of pH and salt mediated buffers. Expression levels of L1 proteins and VLPs were verified by immunoblot and ELISA, which confirmed the presence of sequential and conformational epitopes, respectively. Among three constructs tested (16L1d22, TPL1d22, and TPL1F), TPL1F, containing a full-length L1 and chloroplast transit peptide, was best. Extraction of HPV16 L1 from leaf tissue was most efficient (> 2.5% of total soluble protein) with a low-salt phosphate buffer. VLPs were purified using both cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient and size exclusion chromatography. Electron microscopy studies confirmed the presence of assembled forms of HPV16 L1 VLPs. Collectively; our results indicated that chloroplast-targeted transient expression in tobacco plants is promising for the production of a cheap, efficacious HPV16 L1 VLP vaccine. Studies are underway to develop plant VLPs for the production of a cervical cancer vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zahin
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Joongho Joh
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sujita Khanal
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Adam Husk
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Hugh Mason
- Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universita¨t Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3–5, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shin-je Ghim
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Donald M. Miller
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, Owensboro, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Alfred Bennett Jenson
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Incoming human papillomavirus type 16 genome resides in a vesicular compartment throughout mitosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6289-94. [PMID: 27190090 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600638113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the entry process, the human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid is trafficked to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), whereupon it enters the nucleus during mitosis. We previously demonstrated that the minor capsid protein L2 assumes a transmembranous conformation in the TGN. Here we provide evidence that the incoming viral genome dissociates from the TGN and associates with microtubules after the onset of mitosis. Deposition onto mitotic chromosomes is L2-mediated. Using differential staining of an incoming viral genome by small molecular dyes in selectively permeabilized cells, nuclease protection, and flotation assays, we found that HPV resides in a membrane-bound vesicle until mitosis is completed and the nuclear envelope has reformed. As a result, expression of the incoming viral genome is delayed. Taken together, these data provide evidence that HPV has evolved a unique strategy for delivering the viral genome to the nucleus of dividing cells. Furthermore, it is unlikely that nuclear vesicles are unique to HPV, and thus we may have uncovered a hitherto unrecognized cellular pathway that may be of interest for future cell biological studies.
Collapse
|
44
|
Li JP, Kusche-Gullberg M. Heparan Sulfate: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Function. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 325:215-73. [PMID: 27241222 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (PGs) are ubiquitously expressed on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of most animal tissues, having essential functions in development and homeostasis, as well as playing various roles in disease processes. The functions of HSPGs are mainly dependent on interactions between the HS-side chains with a variety of proteins including cytokines, growth factors, and their receptors. In a given HS polysaccharide, negatively charged sulfate and carboxylate groups are arranged in various types of domains, generated through strictly regulated biosynthetic reactions and with enormous potential for structural variability. The mode of HS-protein interactions is assessed through binding experiments using saccharides of defined composition in vitro, signaling assays in cell models where HS structures are manipulated, and targeted disruption of genes for biosynthetic enzymes in animals (mouse, zebrafish, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans) followed by phenotype analysis. Whereas some protein ligands appear to require strictly defined HS structure, others bind to variable saccharide domains without apparent dependence on distinct saccharide sequence. These findings raise intriguing questions concerning the functional significance of regulation in HS biosynthesis and the potential for development of therapeutics targeting HS-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-P Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden; SciLifeLab, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang X, Li S, Modis Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Xia N, Zhao Q. Functional assessment and structural basis of antibody binding to human papillomavirus capsid. Rev Med Virol 2015; 26:115-28. [PMID: 26676802 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is linked to cervical cancer. Two prophylactic virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines have been marketed globally for nearly a decade. Here, we review the HPV pseudovirion (PsV)-based assays for the functional assessment of the HPV neutralizing antibodies and the structural basis for these clinically relevant epitopes. The PsV-based neutralization assay was developed to evaluate the efficacy of neutralization antibodies in sera elicited by vaccination or natural infection or to assess the functional characteristics of monoclonal antibodies. Different antibody binding modes were observed when an antibody was complexed with virions, PsVs or VLPs. The neutralizing epitopes are localized on surface loops of the L1 capsid protein, at various locations on the capsomere. Different neutralization antibodies exert their neutralizing function via different mechanisms. Some antibodies neutralize the virions by inducing conformational changes in the viral capsid, which can result in concealing the binding site for a cellular receptor like 1A1D-2 against dengue virus, or inducing premature genome release like E18 against enterovirus 71. Higher-resolution details on the epitope composition of HPV neutralizing antibodies would shed light on the structural basis of the highly efficacious vaccines and aid the design of next generation vaccines. In-depth understanding of epitope composition would ensure the development of function-indicating assays for the comparability exercise to support process improvement or process scale up. Elucidation of the structural elements of the type-specific epitopes would enable rational design of cross-type neutralization via epitope re-engineering or epitope grafting in hybrid VLPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yorgo Modis
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhihai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cruz L, Biryukov J, Conway MJ, Meyers C. Cleavage of the HPV16 Minor Capsid Protein L2 during Virion Morphogenesis Ablates the Requirement for Cellular Furin during De Novo Infection. Viruses 2015; 7:5813-30. [PMID: 26569287 PMCID: PMC4664983 DOI: 10.3390/v7112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents for the development of cervical cancer. As with other non-enveloped viruses, HPVs are taken up by the cell through endocytosis following primary attachment to the host cell. Through studies using recombinant pseudovirus particles (PsV), many host cellular proteins have been implicated in the process. The proprotein convertase furin has been demonstrated to cleave the minor capsid protein, L2, post-attachment to host cells and is required for infectious entry by HPV16 PsV. In contrast, using biochemical inhibition by a furin inhibitor and furin-negative cells, we show that tissue-derived HPV16 native virus (NV) initiates infection independent of cellular furin. We show that HPV16 L2 is cleaved during virion morphogenesis in differentiated tissue. In addition, HPV45 is also not dependent on cellular furin, but two other alpha papillomaviruses, HPV18 and HPV31, are dependent on the activity of cellular furin for infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Jennifer Biryukov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Michael J Conway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kines RC, Cerio RJ, Roberts JN, Thompson CD, de Los Pinos E, Lowy DR, Schiller JT. Human papillomavirus capsids preferentially bind and infect tumor cells. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:901-11. [PMID: 26317490 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously determined that human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like particles (VLPs) and pseudovirions (PsV) did not, respectively, bind to or infect intact epithelium of the cervicovaginal tract. However, they strongly bound heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) on the basement membrane of disrupted epithelium and infected the keratinocytes that subsequently entered the disrupted site. We here report that HPV capsids (VLP and PsV) have the same restricted tropism for a wide variety of disrupted epithelial and mesothelial tissues, whereas intact tissues remain resistant to binding. However, the HPV capsids directly bind and infect most tumor-derived cell lines in vitro and have analogous tumor-specific properties in vivo, after local or intravenous injection, using orthotopic models for human ovarian and lung cancer, respectively. The pseudovirions also specifically infected implanted primary human ovarian tumors. Heparin and ι-carrageenan blocked binding and infection of all tumor lines tested, implying that tumor cell binding is HSPG-dependent. A survey using a panel of modified heparins indicates that N-sulfation and, to a lesser degree, O-6 sulfation of the surface HSPG on the tumors are important for HPV binding. Therefore, it appears that tumor cells consistently evolve HSPG modification patterns that mimic the pattern normally found on the basement membrane but not on the apical surfaces of normal epithelial or mesothelial cells. Consequently, appropriately modified HPV VLPs and/or PsV could be useful reagents to detect and potentially treat a remarkably broad spectrum of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca J Cerio
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeffrey N Roberts
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cynthia D Thompson
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John T Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the United States and can cause cancer with persistent infection. The most common cancer caused by HPV is cervical carcinoma with an average of 12,000 cases reported every year in the United States. Worldwide, over 500,000 cases of cervical cancer are reported yearly with over 250,000 deaths attributed to the disease. Although much is known about the serious health risks associated with HPV infection, there is still much to be discovered about how HPV binds and enters target cells. Understanding is required on how HPV infections will lead to strategies and therapies for reducing the number of infections and HPV-related diseases, including cancers. The HPV viral particle is composed of 2 viral proteins, L1 and L2. Data suggest that binding of the viral capsid to cells is dependent on the L1 protein. We hypothesize that this initial binding to a heparan sulfate is composed of 2 independent events: the first results in a structural change that exposes a hidden portion of the L1 protein leading to a second binding event on the heparan sulfate. Our experiments tested if this "hidden" portion of L1 is necessary for infection and explored the nature of this binding. We generated a peptide with the sequence of the "hidden" portion of L1. Infection of HaCaT cells in the presence of this peptide is highly reduced. Our results suggest that the binding of the L1 C-terminal domain is dependent on amino acid sequence and is necessary for infection.
Collapse
|
49
|
Topography of the Human Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein L2 during Vesicular Trafficking of Infectious Entry. J Virol 2015; 89:10442-52. [PMID: 26246568 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01588-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid is composed of the major capsid protein L1 and the minor capsid protein L2. During entry, the HPV capsid undergoes numerous conformational changes that result in endosomal uptake and subsequent trafficking of the L2 protein in complex with the viral DNA to the trans-Golgi network. To facilitate this transport, the L2 protein harbors a number of putative motifs that, if capable of direct interaction, would interact with cytosolic host cell factors. These data imply that a portion of L2 becomes cytosolic during infection. Using a low concentration of digitonin to selectively permeabilize the plasma membrane of infected cells, we mapped the topography of the L2 protein during infection. We observed that epitopes within amino acid residues 64 to 81 and 163 to 170 and a C-terminal tag of HPV16 L2 are exposed on the cytosolic side of intracellular membranes, whereas an epitope within residues 20 to 38, which are upstream of a putative transmembrane region, is luminal. Corroborating these findings, we also found that L2 protein is sensitive to trypsin digestion during infection. These data demonstrate that the majority of the L2 protein becomes accessible on the cytosolic side of intracellular membranes in order to interact with cytosolic factors to facilitate vesicular trafficking. IMPORTANCE In order to complete infectious entry, nonenveloped viruses have to pass cellular membranes. This is often achieved through the viral capsid protein associating with or integrating into intracellular membrane. Here, we determine the topography of HPV L2 protein in the endocytic vesicular compartment, suggesting that L2 becomes a transmembrane protein with a short luminal portion and with the majority facing the cytosolic side for interaction with host cell transport factors.
Collapse
|
50
|
Biryukov J, Meyers C. Papillomavirus Infectious Pathways: A Comparison of Systems. Viruses 2015; 7:4303-25. [PMID: 26247955 PMCID: PMC4576184 DOI: 10.3390/v7082823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HPV viral lifecycle is tightly linked to the host cell differentiation, causing difficulty in growing virions in culture. A system that bypasses the need for differentiating epithelium has allowed for generation of recombinant particles, such as virus-like particles (VLPs), pseudovirions (PsV), and quasivirions (QV). Much of the research looking at the HPV life cycle, infectivity, and structure has been generated utilizing recombinant particles. While recombinant particles have proven to be invaluable, allowing for a rapid progression of the HPV field, there are some significant differences between recombinant particles and native virions and very few comparative studies using native virions to confirm results are done. This review serves to address the conflicting data in the HPV field regarding native virions and recombinant particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Biryukov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|