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Yao X, Redekar NR, Keeran KJ, Qu X, Jeffries KR, Soria-Florido M, Saxena A, Dagur PK, Lin WC, McCoy JP, Levine SJ. Neutrophil Heterogeneity Is Modified during Acute Lung Inflammation in Apoa1-/- Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:456-468. [PMID: 38912868 PMCID: PMC11300144 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils play important roles in inflammatory airway diseases. In this study, we assessed whether apolipoprotein A-I modifies neutrophil heterogeneity as part of the mechanism by which it attenuates acute airway inflammation. Neutrophilic airway inflammation was induced by daily intranasal administration of LPS plus house dust mite (LPS+HDM) to Apoa1-/- and Apoa1+/+ mice for 3 d. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on day 4. Unsupervised profiling identified 10 clusters of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from Apoa1-/- and Apoa1+/+ mice. LPS+HDM-challenged Apoa1-/- mice had an increased proportion of the Neu4 neutrophil cluster that expressed S100a8, S100a9, and Mmp8 and had high maturation, aggregation, and TLR4 binding scores. There was also an increase in the Neu6 cluster of immature neutrophils, whereas neutrophil clusters expressing IFN-stimulated genes were decreased. An unsupervised trajectory analysis showed that Neu4 represented a distinct lineage in Apoa1-/- mice. LPS+HDM-challenged Apoa1-/- mice also had an increased proportion of recruited airspace macrophages, which was associated with a reciprocal reduction in resident airspace macrophages. Increased expression of a common set of proinflammatory genes, S100a8, S100a9, and Lcn2, was present in all neutrophils and airspace macrophages from LPS+HDM-challenged Apoa1-/- mice. These findings show that Apoa1-/- mice have increases in specific neutrophil and macrophage clusters in the lung during acute inflammation mediated by LPS+HDM, as well as enhanced expression of a common set of proinflammatory genes. This suggests that modifications in neutrophil and macrophage heterogeneity contribute to the mechanism by which apolipoprotein A-I attenuates acute airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Yao
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neelam R. Redekar
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Karen J. Keeran
- Animal Surgery and Resources Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xuan Qu
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth R. Jeffries
- Animal Surgery and Resources Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M.T. Soria-Florido
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ankit Saxena
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pradeep K. Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wan-Chi Lin
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J. Philip McCoy
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stewart J. Levine
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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2
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Zhen J, Li X, Yu H, Du B. High-density lipoprotein mimetic nano-therapeutics targeting monocytes and macrophages for improved cardiovascular care: a comprehensive review. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:263. [PMID: 38760755 PMCID: PMC11100215 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to be a challenge for global health, necessitating innovative solutions. The potential of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mimetic nanotherapeutics in the context of cardiovascular disease and the intricate mechanisms underlying the interactions between monocyte-derived cells and HDL mimetic showing their impact on inflammation, cellular lipid metabolism, and the progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics can regulate monocyte recruitment and macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, suggesting their potential to impede the progression of atherosclerosis. The challenges and opportunities associated with the clinical application of HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics, emphasize the need for additional research to gain a better understanding of the precise molecular pathways and long-term effects of these nanotherapeutics on monocytes and macrophages to maximize their therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases highlights the potential of nanoparticles for targeted treatments. Moreover, the concept of theranostics combines therapy and diagnosis to create a selective platform for the conversion of traditional therapeutic medications into specialized and customized treatments. The multifaceted contributions of HDL to cardiovascular and metabolic health via highlight its potential to improve plaque stability and avert atherosclerosis-related problems. There is a need for further research to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of HDL mimetic nanotherapeutics and to develop targeted treatment approaches to prevent atherosclerosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of nanotherapeutics in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to address the challenges posed by cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhen
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bing Du
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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3
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Rani A, Marsche G. A Current Update on the Role of HDL-Based Nanomedicine in Targeting Macrophages in Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1504. [PMID: 37242746 PMCID: PMC10221824 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are complex endogenous nanoparticles involved in important functions such as reverse cholesterol transport and immunomodulatory activities, ensuring metabolic homeostasis and vascular health. The ability of HDL to interact with a plethora of immune cells and structural cells places it in the center of numerous disease pathophysiologies. However, inflammatory dysregulation can lead to pathogenic remodeling and post-translational modification of HDL, rendering HDL dysfunctional or even pro-inflammatory. Monocytes and macrophages play a critical role in mediating vascular inflammation, such as in coronary artery disease (CAD). The fact that HDL nanoparticles have potent anti-inflammatory effects on mononuclear phagocytes has opened new avenues for the development of nanotherapeutics to restore vascular integrity. HDL infusion therapies are being developed to improve the physiological functions of HDL and to quantitatively restore or increase the native HDL pool. The components and design of HDL-based nanoparticles have evolved significantly since their initial introduction with highly anticipated results in an ongoing phase III clinical trial in subjects with acute coronary syndrome. The understanding of mechanisms involved in HDL-based synthetic nanotherapeutics is critical to their design, therapeutic potential and effectiveness. In this review, we provide a current update on HDL-ApoA-I mimetic nanotherapeutics, highlighting the scope of treating vascular diseases by targeting monocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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4
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Niesor EJ, Nader E, Perez A, Lamour F, Benghozi R, Remaley A, Thein SL, Connes P. Red Blood Cell Membrane Cholesterol May Be a Key Regulator of Sickle Cell Disease Microvascular Complications. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1134. [PMID: 36422126 PMCID: PMC9694375 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane lipid composition, especially cholesterol, affects many functions of embedded enzymes, transporters and receptors in red blood cells (RBC). High membrane cholesterol content affects the RBCs' main vital function, O2 and CO2 transport and delivery, with consequences on peripheral tissue physiology and pathology. A high degree of deformability of RBCs is required to accommodate the size of micro-vessels with diameters significantly lower than RBCs. The potential therapeutic role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the removal of cholesterol and its activity regarding maintenance of an optimal concentration of RBC membrane cholesterol have not been well investigated. On the contrary, the focus for HDL research has mainly been on the clearance of cholesterol accumulated in atherosclerotic macrophages and plaques. Since all interventions aiming at decreasing cardiovascular diseases by increasing the plasma level of HDL cholesterol have failed so far in large outcome studies, we reviewed the potential role of HDL to remove excess membrane cholesterol from RBC, especially in sickle cell disease (SCD). Indeed, abundant literature supports a consistent decrease in cholesterol transported by all plasma lipoproteins in SCD, in addition to HDL, low- (LDL) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Unexpectedly, these decreases in plasma were associated with an increase in RBC membrane cholesterol. The concentration and activity of the main enzyme involved in the removal of cholesterol and generation of large HDL particles-lecithin cholesterol ester transferase (LCAT)-are also significantly decreased in SCD. These observations might partially explain the decrease in RBC deformability, diminished gas exchange and tendency of RBCs to aggregate in SCD. We showed that incubation of RBC from SCD patients with human HDL or the HDL-mimetic peptide Fx5A improves the impaired RBC deformability and decreases intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. We propose that the main physiological role of HDL is to regulate the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio (C/PL), which is fundamental to the transport of oxygen and its delivery to peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Anne Perez
- Hartis Pharma SA Nyon, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Alan Remaley
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, University of Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
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5
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Vanherle S, Jorissen W, Dierckx T, Loix M, Grajchen E, Mingneau F, Guns J, Gervois P, Lambrichts I, Dehairs J, Swinnen JV, Mulder MT, Remaley AT, Haidar M, Hendriks JJ, Bogie JJ. The ApoA-I mimetic peptide 5A enhances remyelination by promoting clearance and degradation of myelin debris. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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6
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White CR, Palgunachari M, Wolkowicz P, Anantharamaiah GM. Peptides as Therapeutic Agents for Atherosclerosis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:89-110. [PMID: 35237960 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
More than three decades ago, as a test for the amphipathic helix theory, an 18 amino acid residue peptide and its analogs were designed with no sequence homology to any of the exchangeable apolipoproteins. Based on the apolipoprotein A-I (the major protein component of high density lipoproteins, HDL) mimicking properties, they were termed as ApoA-I mimicking peptides. Several laboratories around the world started studying such de novo-designed peptides for their antiatherogenic properties. The present chapter describes the efforts in bringing these peptides as therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis and several lipid-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roger White
- Department of Medicine, UAB Medical Centre, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Paul Wolkowicz
- Department of Medicine, UAB Medical Centre, Birmingham, AL, USA
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7
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HDL Mimetic Peptides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:141-151. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Lee MW, Luo EWC, Silvestre-Roig C, Srinivasan Y, Akabori K, Lemnitzer P, Schmidt NW, Lai GH, Santangelo CD, Soehnlein O, Wong GCL. Apolipoprotein Mimetic Peptide Inhibits Neutrophil-Driven Inflammatory Damage via Membrane Remodeling and Suppression of Cell Lysis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15930-15939. [PMID: 34586780 PMCID: PMC8720511 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are crucial for host defense but are notorious for causing sterile inflammatory damage. Activated neutrophils in inflamed tissue can liberate histone H4, which was recently shown to perpetuate inflammation by permeating membranes via the generation of negative Gaussian curvature (NGC), leading to lytic cell death. Here, we show that it is possible to build peptides or proteins that cancel NGC in membranes and thereby suppress pore formation, and demonstrate that they can inhibit H4 membrane remodeling and thereby reduce histone H4-driven lytic cell death and resultant inflammation. As a demonstration of principle, we use apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide apoMP1. X-ray structural studies and theoretical calculations show that apoMP1 induces nanoscopic positive Gaussian curvature (PGC), which interacts with the NGC induced by the N-terminus of histone H4 (H4n) to inhibit membrane permeation. Interestingly, we show that induction of PGC can inhibit membrane-permeating activity in general and "turn off" diverse membrane-permeating molecules besides H4n. In vitro experiments show an apoMP1 dose-dependent rescue of H4 cytotoxicity. Using a mouse model, we show that tissue accumulation of neutrophils, release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and extracellular H4 all strongly correlate independently with local tissue cell death in multiple organs, but administration of apoMP1 inhibits histone H4-mediated cytotoxicity and strongly prevents organ tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Elizabeth Wei-Chia Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Carlos Silvestre-Roig
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Yashes Srinivasan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kiyotaka Akabori
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Patricia Lemnitzer
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Ginkgo Bioworks, 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Ghee Hwee Lai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore 637551
| | - Christian D Santangelo
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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9
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Wolska A, Reimund M, Sviridov DO, Amar MJ, Remaley AT. Apolipoprotein Mimetic Peptides: Potential New Therapies for Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:597. [PMID: 33800446 PMCID: PMC8000854 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the seminal breakthrough of treating diabetic patients with insulin in the 1920s, there has been great interest in developing other proteins and their peptide mimetics as therapies for a wide variety of other medical disorders. Currently, there are at least 60 different peptides that have been approved for human use and over 150 peptides that are in various stages of clinical development. Peptides mimetic of the major proteins on lipoproteins, namely apolipoproteins, have also been developed first as tools for understanding apolipoprotein structure and more recently as potential therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the biochemistry, peptide mimetics design and clinical trials for peptides based on apoA-I, apoE and apoC-II. We primarily focus on applications of peptide mimetics related to cardiovascular diseases. We conclude with a discussion on the limitations of peptides as therapeutic agents and the challenges that need to be overcome before apolipoprotein mimetic peptides can be developed into new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (M.R.); (D.O.S.); (M.J.A.); (A.T.R.)
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10
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Kelly UL, Grigsby D, Cady MA, Landowski M, Skiba NP, Liu J, Remaley AT, Klingeborn M, Bowes Rickman C. High-density lipoproteins are a potential therapeutic target for age-related macular degeneration. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13601-13616. [PMID: 32737203 PMCID: PMC7521644 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that dysregulated lipid metabolism involving dysfunction of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) underlies the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly. A hallmark of AMD is the overproduction of lipid- and protein-rich extracellular deposits that accumulate in the extracellular matrix (Bruch's membrane (BrM)) adjacent to the RPE. We analyzed apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1)-containing lipoproteins isolated from BrM of elderly human donor eyes and found a unique proteome, distinct from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) isolated from donor plasma of the same individuals. The most striking difference is higher concentrations of ApoB and ApoE, which bind to glycosaminoglycans. We hypothesize that this interaction promotes lipoprotein deposition onto BrM glycosaminoglycans, initiating downstream effects that contribute to RPE dysfunction/death. We tested this hypothesis using two potential therapeutic strategies to alter the lipoprotein/protein profile of these extracellular deposits. First, we used short heparan sulfate oligosaccharides to remove lipoproteins already deposited in both the extracellular matrix of RPE cells and aged donor BrM tissue. Second, an ApoA-1 mimetic, 5A peptide, was demonstrated to modulate the composition and concentration of apolipoproteins secreted from primary porcine RPE cells. Significantly, in a mouse model of AMD, this 5A peptide altered the proteomic profile of circulating HDL and ameliorated some of the potentially harmful changes to the protein composition resulting from the high-fat, high-cholesterol diet in this model. Together, these results suggest that targeting HDL interactions with BrM represents a new strategy to slow AMD progression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una L Kelly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Grigsby
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martha A Cady
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Landowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nikolai P Skiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mikael Klingeborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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11
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Low H, Mukhamedova N, Capettini LDSA, Xia Y, Carmichael I, Cody SH, Huynh K, Ditiatkovski M, Ohkawa R, Bukrinsky M, Meikle PJ, Choi SH, Field S, Miller YI, Sviridov D. Cholesterol Efflux-Independent Modification of Lipid Rafts by AIBP (Apolipoprotein A-I Binding Protein). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2346-2359. [PMID: 32787522 PMCID: PMC7530101 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AIBP (apolipoprotein A-I binding protein) is an effective and selective regulator of lipid rafts modulating many metabolic pathways originating from the rafts, including inflammation. The mechanism of action was suggested to involve stimulation by AIBP of cholesterol efflux, depleting rafts of cholesterol, which is essential for lipid raft integrity. Here we describe a different mechanism contributing to the regulation of lipid rafts by AIBP. Approach and Results: We demonstrate that modulation of rafts by AIBP may not exclusively depend on the rate of cholesterol efflux or presence of the key regulator of the efflux, ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A-I). AIBP interacted with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, which was associated with increased abundance and activation of Cdc42 and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton rearrangement was accompanied with reduction of the abundance of lipid rafts, without significant changes in the lipid composition of the rafts. The interaction of AIBP with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate was blocked by AIBP substrate, NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), and both NADPH and silencing of Cdc42 interfered with the ability of AIBP to regulate lipid rafts and cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that an underlying mechanism of regulation of lipid rafts by AIBP involves PIP-dependent rearrangement of the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hann Low
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.)
| | - Nigora Mukhamedova
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.)
| | - Luciano Dos Santos Aggum Capettini
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (L.d.S.A.C., Y.X., S.-H.C., S.F., Y.I.M.).,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (L.d.S.A.C.)
| | - Yining Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (L.d.S.A.C., Y.X., S.-H.C., S.F., Y.I.M.)
| | - Irena Carmichael
- Department of Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (I.C., S.H.C.)
| | - Stephen H Cody
- Department of Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (I.C., S.H.C.)
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.)
| | - Michael Ditiatkovski
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.)
| | - Ryunosuke Ohkawa
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.).,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (R.O.)
| | - Michael Bukrinsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, DC (M.B.)
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.)
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (L.d.S.A.C., Y.X., S.-H.C., S.F., Y.I.M.)
| | - Seth Field
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (L.d.S.A.C., Y.X., S.-H.C., S.F., Y.I.M.)
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (L.d.S.A.C., Y.X., S.-H.C., S.F., Y.I.M.)
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (H.L., N.M., K.H., M.D., R.O., P.J.M., D.S.).,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia (D.S.)
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) is a critical cofactor for the activation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a plasma enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides (TG) on TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Although apoC-II was first discovered nearly 50 years ago, there is renewed interest in it because of the recent efforts to develop new drugs for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). The main topic of this review will be the development of apoC-II mimetic peptides as a possible new therapy for cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS We first describe the biochemistry of apoC-II and its role in TRL metabolism. We then review the clinical findings of HTG, particularly those related to apoC-II deficiency, and how TG metabolism relates to the development of atherosclerosis. We next summarize the current efforts to develop new drugs for HTG. Finally, we describe recent efforts to make small synthetic apoC-II mimetic peptides for activation of LPL and how these peptides unexpectedly have other mechanisms of action mostly related to the antagonism of the TG-raising effects of apoC-III. SUMMARY The role of apoC-II in TG metabolism is reviewed, as well as recent efforts to develop apoC-II mimetic peptides into a novel therapy for HTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mart Reimund
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Islam R, Sviridov DO, Drake SK, Tunyi J, Abdoulaeva G, Freeman LA, Pastor RW, Remaley AT. Incorporation of α-methylated amino acids into Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides improves their helicity and cholesterol efflux potential. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:349-354. [PMID: 32222278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) mimetic peptides are potential therapeutic agents for promoting the efflux of excess cellular cholesterol, which is dependent upon the presence of an amphipathic helix. Since α-methylated Ala enhances peptide helicity, we hypothesized that incorporating other types of α-methylated amino acids into ApoA-I mimetic peptides may also increase their helicity and cholesterol efflux potential. The last helix of apoA-I, peptide 'A' (VLESFKVSFLSALEEYTKKLNT), was used to design peptides containing a single type of α-methylated amino acid substitution (Ala/Aα, Glu/Dα, Lys/Kα, Leu/Lα), as well as a peptide containing both α-methylated Lys and Leu (6α). Depending on the specific residue, the α-helical content as measured by CD-spectroscopy and calculated hydrophobic moments were sometimes higher for peptides containing other types of α-methylated amino acids than those with α-methylated Ala. In ABCA1-transfected cells, cholesterol efflux to the peptides showed the following order of potency: 6α>Kα≈Lα≈Aα≫Dα≈A. In general, α-methylated peptides were resistant to proteolysis, but this varied depending on the type of protease and specific amino acid substitution. In summary, increased helicity and amphilicity due to α-methylated amino acid substitutions in ApoA-I mimetic peptides resulted in improved cholesterol efflux capacity and resistance to proteolysis, indicating that this modification may be useful in the future design of therapeutic ApoA-I mimetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafique Islam
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Denis O Sviridov
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Steven K Drake
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jude Tunyi
- Laboratory of Computational Biology National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Galina Abdoulaeva
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Lita A Freeman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard W Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Fawaz MV, Kim SY, Li D, Ming R, Xia Z, Olsen K, Pogozheva ID, Tesmer JJG, Schwendeman A. Phospholipid Component Defines Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Synthetic High-Density Lipoproteins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:193-204. [PMID: 31776208 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.257568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) nanoparticles composed of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide and phospholipids have been shown to reduce atherosclerosis in animal models. Cholesterol is mobilized from atheroma macrophages by sHDL into the blood compartment and delivered to the liver for elimination. Historically, sHDL drug discovery efforts were focused on optimizing peptide sequences for interaction with cholesterol cellular transporters rather than understanding how both sHDL components, peptide and lipid, influence its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. We designed two sets of sHDL having either identical phospholipid but variable peptide sequences with different plasma stability or identical peptide and phospholipids with variable fatty acid chain length and saturation. We found that sHDL prepared with proteolytically stable 22A-P peptide had 2-fold longer circulation half-time relative to the less stable 22A peptide. Yet, longer half-life did not translate into any improvement in cholesterol mobilization. In contrast, sHDL with variable phospholipid compositions showed significant differences in phospholipid PK, with distearoyl phosphatidylcholine-based sHDL demonstrating the longest half-life of 6.0 hours relative to 1.0 hour for palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine-based sHDL. This increase in half-life corresponded to an approx. 6.5-fold increase in the area under the curve for the mobilized cholesterol. Therefore, the phospholipid component in sHDL plays a major role in cholesterol mobilization in vivo and should not be overlooked in the design of future sHDL. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The phospholipid composition in sHDL plays a critical role in determining half-life and cholesterol mobilization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Fawaz
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.V.F., I.D.P.) and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y.K., D.L., R.M., Z.X., K.O., A.S.), College of Pharmacy, and Biointerfaces Institute (A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Sang Yeop Kim
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.V.F., I.D.P.) and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y.K., D.L., R.M., Z.X., K.O., A.S.), College of Pharmacy, and Biointerfaces Institute (A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Dan Li
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.V.F., I.D.P.) and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y.K., D.L., R.M., Z.X., K.O., A.S.), College of Pharmacy, and Biointerfaces Institute (A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Ran Ming
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.V.F., I.D.P.) and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y.K., D.L., R.M., Z.X., K.O., A.S.), College of Pharmacy, and Biointerfaces Institute (A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Ziyun Xia
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.V.F., I.D.P.) and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y.K., D.L., R.M., Z.X., K.O., A.S.), College of Pharmacy, and Biointerfaces Institute (A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Karl Olsen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.V.F., I.D.P.) and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y.K., D.L., R.M., Z.X., K.O., A.S.), College of Pharmacy, and Biointerfaces Institute (A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Irina D Pogozheva
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.V.F., I.D.P.) and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y.K., D.L., R.M., Z.X., K.O., A.S.), College of Pharmacy, and Biointerfaces Institute (A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.V.F., I.D.P.) and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y.K., D.L., R.M., Z.X., K.O., A.S.), College of Pharmacy, and Biointerfaces Institute (A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.V.F., I.D.P.) and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y.K., D.L., R.M., Z.X., K.O., A.S.), College of Pharmacy, and Biointerfaces Institute (A.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
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15
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Kornmueller K, Vidakovic I, Prassl R. Artificial High Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles in Cardiovascular Research. Molecules 2019; 24:E2829. [PMID: 31382521 PMCID: PMC6695986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are endogenous nanoparticles which are the major transporter of fats and cholesterol in the human body. They play a key role in the regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular events. Lipoproteins can be modified and manipulated to act as drug delivery systems or nanocarriers for contrast agents. In particular, high density lipoproteins (HDL), which are the smallest class of lipoproteins, can be synthetically engineered either as nascent HDL nanodiscs or spherical HDL nanoparticles. Reconstituted HDL (rHDL) particles are formed by self-assembly of various lipids and apolipoprotein AI (apo-AI). A variety of substances including drugs, nucleic acids, signal emitting molecules, or dyes can be loaded, making them efficient nanocarriers for therapeutic applications or medical diagnostics. This review provides an overview about synthesis techniques, physicochemical properties of rHDL nanoparticles, and structural determinants for rHDL function. We discuss recent developments utilizing either apo-AI or apo-AI mimetic peptides for the design of pharmaceutical rHDL formulations. Advantages, limitations, challenges, and prospects for clinical translation are evaluated with a special focus on promising strategies for the treatment and diagnosis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kornmueller
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ivan Vidakovic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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16
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Getz GS, Reardon CA. Apoproteins E, A-I, and SAA in Macrophage Pathobiology Related to Atherogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:536. [PMID: 31231209 PMCID: PMC6558525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are core cellular elements of both early and advanced atherosclerosis. They take up modified lipoproteins and become lipid-loaded foam cells and secrete factors that influence other cell types in the artery wall involved in atherogenesis. Apoproteins E, AI, and SAA are all found on HDL which can enter the artery wall. In addition, apoE is synthesized by macrophages. These three apoproteins can promote cholesterol efflux from lipid-loaded macrophages and have other functions that modulate macrophage biology. Mimetic peptides based on the sequence or structure of these apoproteins replicate some of these properties and are potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of atherosclerosis to reduce cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Catherine A Reardon
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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18
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Yu XH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Cholesterol transport system: An integrated cholesterol transport model involved in atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:65-91. [PMID: 30528667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease (CVD), is closely associated with cholesterol accumulation in the arterial intima. Excessive cholesterol is removed by the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, representing a major antiatherogenic mechanism. In addition to the RCT, other pathways are required for maintaining the whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, we propose a working model of integrated cholesterol transport, termed the cholesterol transport system (CTS), to describe body cholesterol metabolism. The novel model not only involves the classical view of RCT but also contains other steps, such as cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, low-density lipoprotein uptake by the liver, and transintestinal cholesterol excretion. Extensive studies have shown that dysfunctional CTS is one of the major causes for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Currently, several drugs are available to improve the CTS efficiently. There are also several therapeutic approaches that have entered into clinical trials and shown considerable promise for decreasing the risk of CVD. In recent years, a variety of novel findings reveal the molecular mechanisms for the CTS and its role in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby providing novel insights into the understanding of whole-body cholesterol transport and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the CTS in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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19
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Bourdi M, Amar M, Remaley AT, Terse PS. Intravenous toxicity and toxicokinetics of an HDL mimetic, Fx-5A peptide complex, in cynomolgus monkeys. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 100:59-67. [PMID: 30359697 PMCID: PMC6893859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fx-5A peptide complex (Fx-5A), a High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) mimetic, has been shown to reduce atherosclerosis. The safety and toxicokinetics of Fx-5A administered IV by 30 min infusion at 8, 25 or 75 mg/kg body weight or vehicle, once every other day for 27 days, were assessed in cynomolgus monkeys. The Fx-5A was well tolerated at all doses. At the highest dose, there were statistically significant effects on hematology and clinical chemistry parameters that were considered non-adverse. Dose-dependent recoverable non-adverse erythrocytes morphological changes (acanthocytes, echinocytes, spherocytes, microcytes, and/or schistocytes) were observed. Fx-5A was not hemolytic in in-vitro fresh NHP or human blood assay. There were no Fx-5A-related statistically significant changes for any cardiovascular function, ECG or respiratory parameters, when compared to control. In addition, there were no Fx-5A-related effects on organ weights, macroscopic or microscopic endpoints. Finally, Fx-5A exhibited sporadic non-appreciable detection of anti-Fx-5A antibodies and a dose-dependent linear toxicokinetics with T1/2 value ranges from 2.7 to 6.2 h. In conclusion, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level was considered to be 75 mg/kg/day with associated exposures average Cmax and AUC0-last of 453 μg/mL and 2232 h μg/mL, respectively, on Day 27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bourdi
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Marcelo Amar
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pramod S Terse
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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20
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Tsujita M, Wolska A, Gutmann DAP, Remaley AT. Reconstituted Discoidal High-Density Lipoproteins: Bioinspired Nanodiscs with Many Unexpected Applications. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:59. [PMID: 30397748 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Summarize the initial discovery of discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in human plasma and review more recent innovations that span the use of reconstituted nanodisc HDL for membrane protein characterization to its use as a drug carrier and a novel therapeutic agent for cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Using a wide variety of biophysical techniques, the structure and composition of endogenous discoidal HDL have now largely been solved. This has led to the development of new methods for the in vitro reconstitution of nanodisc HDL, which have proven to have a wide variety of biomedical applications. Nanodisc HDL has been used as a platform for mimicking the plasma membrane for the reconstitution and investigation of the structures of several plasma membrane proteins, such as cytochrome P450s and ABC transporters. Nanodisc HDL has also been designed as drug carriers to transport amphipathic, as well as hydrophobic small molecules, and has potential therapeutic applications for several diseases. Finally, nanodisc HDL itself like native discoidal HDL can mediate cholesterol efflux from cells and are currently being tested in late-stage clinical trials for cardiovascular disease. The discovery of the characterization of native discoidal HDL has inspired a new field of synthetic nanodisc HDL, which has offered a growing number of unanticipated biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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21
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Islam RM, Pourmousa M, Sviridov D, Gordon SM, Neufeld EB, Freeman LA, Perrin BS, Pastor RW, Remaley AT. Structural properties of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides that promote ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2956. [PMID: 29440748 PMCID: PMC5811490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides mimicking the major protein of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), are promising therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases. Similar to apoA-I, their atheroprotective property is attributed to their ability to form discoidal HDL-like particles by extracting cellular cholesterol and phospholipids from lipid microdomains created by the ABCA1 transporter in a process called cholesterol efflux. The structural features of peptides that enable cholesterol efflux are not well understood. Herein, four synthetic amphipathic peptides denoted ELK, which only contain Glu, Leu, Lys, and sometimes Ala, and which have a wide range of net charges and hydrophobicities, were examined for cholesterol efflux. Experiments show that ELKs with a net neutral charge and a hydrophobic face that subtends an angle of at least 140° are optimal for cholesterol efflux. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that peptides that are effective in promoting cholesterol efflux stabilize HDL nanodiscs formed by these peptides by the orderly covering of the hydrophobic acyl chains on the edge of the disc. In contrast to apoA-I, which forms an anti-parallel double belt around the HDL, active peptides assemble in a mostly anti-parallel “picket fence” arrangement. These results shed light on the efflux ability of apoA-I mimetics and inform the future design of such therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafique M Islam
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.,Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mohsen Pourmousa
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Denis Sviridov
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Edward B Neufeld
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lita A Freeman
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - B Scott Perrin
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard W Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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22
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Phillips MC. Is ABCA1 a lipid transfer protein? J Lipid Res 2018; 59:749-763. [PMID: 29305383 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r082313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCA1 functions as a lipid transporter because it mediates the transfer of cellular phospholipid (PL) and free (unesterified) cholesterol (FC) to apoA-I and related proteins present in the extracellular medium. ABCA1 is a membrane PL translocase and its enzymatic activity leads to transfer of PL molecules from the cytoplasmic leaflet to the exofacial leaflet of a cell plasma membrane (PM). The presence of active ABCA1 in the PM promotes binding of apoA-I to the cell surface. About 10% of this bound apoA-I interacts directly with ABCA1 and stabilizes the transporter. Most of the pool of cell surface-associated apoA-I is bound to lipid domains in the PM that are created by the activity of ABCA1. The amphipathic α-helices in apoA-I confer detergent-like properties on the protein enabling it to solubilize PL and FC in these membrane domains to create a heterogeneous population of discoidal nascent HDL particles. This review focuses on current understanding of the structure-function relationships of human ABCA1 and the molecular mechanisms underlying HDL particle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Phillips
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158
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23
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Antagonism of scavenger receptor CD36 by 5A peptide prevents chronic kidney disease progression in mice independent of blood pressure regulation. Kidney Int 2017; 89:809-22. [PMID: 26994575 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor CD36 participates in lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways important for cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few pharmacological agents are available to slow the progression of CKD. However, apolipoprotein A-I-mimetic peptide 5A antagonizes CD36 in vitro. To test the efficacy of 5A, and to test the role of CD36 during CKD, we compared wild-type to CD36 knockout mice and wild-type mice treated with 5A, in a progressive CKD model that resembles human disease. Knockout and 5A-treated wild-type mice were protected from CKD progression without changes in blood pressure and had reductions in cardiovascular risk surrogate markers that are associated with CKD. Treatment with 5A did not further protect CD36 knockout mice from CKD progression, implicating CD36 as its main site of action. In a separate model of kidney fibrosis, 5A-treated wild-type mice had less macrophage infiltration and interstitial fibrosis. Peptide 5A exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the kidney and decreased renal expression of inflammasome genes. Thus, CD36 is a new therapeutic target for CKD and its associated cardiovascular risk factors. Peptide 5A may be a promising new agent to slow CKD progression.
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24
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Jin X, Sviridov D, Liu Y, Vaisman B, Addadi L, Remaley AT, Kruth HS. ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1) Mediates ApoA-I (Apolipoprotein A-I) and ApoA-I Mimetic Peptide Mobilization of Extracellular Cholesterol Microdomains Deposited by Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2283-2291. [PMID: 27758769 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the function of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) in ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) mobilization of cholesterol microdomains deposited into the extracellular matrix by cholesterol-enriched macrophages. We have also determined whether an ApoA-I mimetic peptide without and with complexing to sphingomyelin can mobilize macrophage-deposited cholesterol microdomains. APPROACH AND RESULTS Extracellular cholesterol microdomains deposited by cholesterol-enriched macrophages were detected with a monoclonal antibody, 58B1. ApoA-I and an ApoA-I mimetic peptide 5A mobilized cholesterol microdomains deposited by ABCA1+/+ macrophages but not by ABCA1-/- macrophages. In contrast, ApoA-I mimetic peptide 5A complexed with sphingomyelin could mobilize cholesterol microdomains deposited by ABCA1-/- macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that a unique pool of extracellular cholesterol microdomains deposited by macrophages can be mobilized by both ApoA-I and an ApoA-I mimetic peptide but that mobilization depends on macrophage ABCA1. It is known that ABCA1 complexes ApoA-I and ApoA-I mimetic peptide with phospholipid, a cholesterol-solubilizing agent, explaining the requirement for ABCA1 in extracellular cholesterol microdomain mobilization. Importantly, ApoA-I mimetic peptide already complexed with phospholipid can mobilize macrophage-deposited extracellular cholesterol microdomains even in the absence of ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Jin
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Denis Sviridov
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Ying Liu
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Boris Vaisman
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Lia Addadi
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Alan T Remaley
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.)
| | - Howard S Kruth
- From the Experimental Atherosclerosis Section (X.J., Y.L., H.S.K.) and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section (D.S., B.V., A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel (L.A.).
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25
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Yokoi H, Yanagita M. Targeting the fatty acid transport protein CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, in the treatment of renal disease. Kidney Int 2016; 89:740-2. [PMID: 26994570 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Augmentation of the CD36 pathway, which involves the uptake of several endogenous ligands including free fatty acids and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, contributes to the damage of proximal tubules and podocytes, whereas ablation of CD36 attenuates renal injury. Souza et al. demonstrate that 5A peptide can inhibit CD36 signaling, attenuate chronic kidney disease progression, and ameliorate inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, suggesting the therapeutic potential of 5A peptide against CD36-mediated renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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26
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Nowacki TM, Remaley AT, Bettenworth D, Eisenblätter M, Vowinkel T, Becker F, Vogl T, Roth J, Tietge UJ, Lügering A, Heidemann J, Nofer JR. The 5A apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide ameliorates experimental colitis by regulating monocyte infiltration. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2780-92. [PMID: 27425846 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE New therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are highly desirable. As apolipoprotein (apo)A-I mimetic peptides are beneficial in several animal models of inflammation, we hypothesized that they might be effective at inhibiting murine colitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Daily injections of 5A peptide, a synthetic bihelical apoA-I mimetic dissolved in PBS, or PBS alone were administered to C57BL/6 mice fed 3% (w v(-1) ) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water or healthy controls. KEY RESULTS Daily treatment with 5A peptide potently restricted DSS-induced inflammation, as indicated by improved disease activity indices and colon histology, as well as decreased intestinal tissue myeloperoxidase levels and plasma TNFα and IL-6 concentrations. Additionally, plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and the monocyte expression of adhesion-mediating molecule CD11b were down-regulated, pro-inflammatory CD11b(+) /Ly6c(high) monocytes were decreased, and the number of intestinal monocytes was reduced in 5A peptide-treated animals as determined by intravital macrophage-related peptide-8/14-directed fluorescence-mediated tomography and post-mortem immunhistochemical F4/80 staining. Intravital fluorescence microscopy of colonic microvasculature demonstrated inhibitory effects of 5A peptide on leukocyte adhesion accompanied by reduced plasma levels of the soluble adhesion molecule sICAM-1. In vitro 5A peptide reduced monocyte adhesion and transmigration in TNFα-stimulated monolayers of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells. Increased susceptibility to DSS-induced inflammation was noted in apoA-I(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The 5A peptide is effective at ameliorating murine colitis by preventing intestinal monocyte infiltration and activation. These findings point to apoA-I mimetics as a potential treatment approach for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Nowacki
- Department of Medicine B, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alan T Remaley
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Vowinkel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Becker
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe J Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Heidemann
- Department of Medicine B, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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27
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Larsen AN, Sørensen KK, Johansen NT, Martel A, Kirkensgaard JJK, Jensen KJ, Arleth L, Midtgaard SR. Dimeric peptides with three different linkers self-assemble with phospholipids to form peptide nanodiscs that stabilize membrane proteins. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5937-5949. [PMID: 27306692 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three dimers of the amphipathic α-helical peptide 18A have been synthesized with different interhelical linkers inserted between the two copies of 18A. The dimeric peptides were denoted 'beltides' where Beltide-1 refers to the 18A-dimer without a linker, Beltide-2 is the 18A-dimer with proline (Pro) as a linker and Beltide-3 is the 18A-dimer linked by two glycines (Gly-Gly). The self-assembly of the beltides with the phospholipid DMPC was studied with and without the incorporated membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (bR) through a combination of coarse-grained MD simulations, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, small-angle scattering (SAS), static light scattering (SLS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. For all three beltides, MD and combined small-angle X-ray and -neutron scattering were consistent with a disc structure composed by a phospholipid bilayer surrounded by a belt of peptides and with a total disc diameter of approximately 10 nm. CD confirmed that all three beltides were α-helical in the free form and with DMPC. However, as shown by SEC the different interhelical linkers clearly led to different properties of the beltides. Beltide-3, with the Gly-Gly linker, was very adaptable such that peptide nanodiscs could be formed for a broad range of different peptide to lipid stoichiometries and therefore also possible disc-sizes. On the other hand, both Beltide-2 with the Pro linker and Beltide-1 without a linker were less adaptable and would only form discs of certain peptide to lipid stoichiometries. SLS revealed that the structural stability of the formed peptide nanodiscs was also highly affected by the linkers and it was found that Beltide-1 gave more stable discs than the other two beltides. With respect to membrane protein stabilization, each of the three beltides in combination with DMPC stabilizes the seven-helix transmembrane protein bacteriorhodopsin significantly better than the detergent octyl glucoside, but no significant difference was observed between the three beltides. We conclude that adaptability, size, and structural stability can be tuned by changing the interhelical linker while maintaining the properties of the discs with respect to membrane protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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28
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Yao X, Gordon EM, Barochia AV, Remaley AT, Levine SJ. The A's Have It: Developing Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptides Into a Novel Treatment for Asthma. Chest 2016; 150:283-8. [PMID: 27327118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
New treatments are needed for patients with asthma who are refractory to standard therapies, such as individuals with a phenotype of "type 2-low" inflammation. This important clinical problem could potentially be addressed by the development of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptides. ApoA-I interacts with its cellular receptor, the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A, member 1 (ABCA1), to facilitate cholesterol efflux out of cells to form nascent high-density lipoprotein particles. The ability of the apoA-I/ABCA1 pathway to promote cholesterol efflux from cells that mediate adaptive immunity, such as antigen-presenting cells, can attenuate their function. Data from experimental murine models have shown that the apoA-I/ABCA1 pathway can reduce neutrophilic airway inflammation, primarily by suppressing the production of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. Furthermore, administration of apoA-I mimetic peptides to experimental murine models of allergic asthma has decreased both neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation, as well as airway hyperresponsiveness and mucous cell metaplasia. Higher serum levels of apoA-I have also been associated with less severe airflow obstruction in patients with asthma. Collectively, these results suggest that the apoA-I/ABCA1 pathway may have a protective effect in asthma, and support the concept of advancing inhaled apoA-I mimetic peptides to clinical trials that can assess their safety and effectiveness. Thus, we propose that the development of inhaled apoA-I mimetic peptides as a new treatment could represent a clinical advance for patients with severe asthma who are unresponsive to other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Yao
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elizabeth M Gordon
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amisha V Barochia
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stewart J Levine
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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29
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Bocharov AV, Wu T, Baranova IN, Birukova AA, Sviridov D, Vishnyakova TG, Remaley AT, Eggerman TL, Patterson AP, Birukov KG. Synthetic Amphipathic Helical Peptides Targeting CD36 Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Acute Lung Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:611-9. [PMID: 27316682 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic amphipathic helical peptides (SAHPs) designed as apolipoprotein A-I mimetics are known to bind to class B scavenger receptors (SR-Bs), SR-BI, SR-BII, and CD36, receptors that mediate lipid transport and facilitate pathogen recognition. In this study, we evaluated SAHPs, selected for targeting human CD36, by their ability to attenuate LPS-induced inflammation, endothelial barrier dysfunction, and acute lung injury (ALI). L37pA, which targets CD36 and SR-BI equally, inhibited LPS-induced IL-8 secretion and barrier dysfunction in cultured endothelial cells while reducing lung neutrophil infiltration by 40% in a mouse model of LPS-induced ALI. A panel of 20 SAHPs was tested in HEK293 cell lines stably transfected with various SR-Bs to identify SAHPs with preferential selectivity toward CD36. Among several SAHPs targeting both SR-BI/BII and CD36 receptors, ELK-B acted predominantly through CD36. Compared with L37pA, 5A, and ELK SAHPs, ELK-B was most effective in reducing the pulmonary barrier dysfunction, neutrophil migration into the lung, and lung inflammation induced by LPS. We conclude that SAHPs with relative selectivity toward CD36 are more potent at inhibiting acute pulmonary inflammation and dysfunction. These data indicate that therapeutic strategies using SAHPs targeting CD36, but not necessarily mimicking all apolipoprotein A-I functions, may be considered a possible new treatment approach for inflammation-induced ALI and pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Bocharov
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Tinghuai Wu
- Lung Injury Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Irina N Baranova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Lung Injury Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Denis Sviridov
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Tatyana G Vishnyakova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alan T Remaley
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thomas L Eggerman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Amy P Patterson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; Office of Science Policy, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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30
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Michalak A, Mosińska P, Fichna J. Common links between metabolic syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease: Current overview and future perspectives. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:837-46. [PMID: 27238750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) features a constellation of central obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism and often hypertension joined by insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. All these elements greatly raise patient's risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, resulting in an increased mortality. Metabolic syndrome affects approximately 20-25% of the world's adult population and thus it is essential to study its pathophysiology and seek new pharmacological targets. There is a thoroughly studied link between MS and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, i.e. steatohepatitis. However, recent findings also indicate similarities in pathophysiological features between MS and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including adipose tissue dysregulation, inadequate immune response, and inflammation. In this review we aim to outline the pathophysiology of MS and emphasize the aspects revealed recently, such as mineralocorticoid activity, involvement of sex hormones and an accompanying increase in prolactin secretion. More importantly, we focus on the common links between MS and IBD. Finally, we describe new strategies and drug targets that may be utilized in MS therapy, namely adiponectin mimetics, GLP-1-based multi agonists, ABCA1 agonists and possible role of miRNA. We also discuss the possible utility of selected agents as adjuvants in IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Paula Mosińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
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31
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Sviridov DO, Drake SK, Freeman LA, Remaley AT. Amphipathic polyproline peptides stimulate cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 transporter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:560-5. [PMID: 26879139 PMCID: PMC4819318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ApoA-I mimetics are short synthetic peptides that contain an amphipathic α-helix and stimulate cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 transporter in a detergent-like extraction mechanism. We investigated the use of amphipathic peptides with a polypro helix for stimulating cholesterol efflux by ABCA1. Polypro peptides were synthesized with modified prolines, containing either a hydrophobic phenyl group (Prop) or a polar N-acetylgalactosamine (Prog) attached to the pyrrolidine ring and were designated as either PP-2, 3, 4, or 5, depending on the number of 3 amino acid repeat units (Prop-Prog-Prop). Based on molecular modeling, these peptides were predicted to be relatively rigid and to bind to a phospholipid bilayer. By CD spectroscopy, PP peptides formed a Type-II polypro helix in an aqueous solution. PP-2 was inactive in promoting cholesterol efflux, but peptides with more than 2 repeat units were active. PP-4 showed a similar Vmax as a much longer amphipathic α-helical peptide, containing 37 amino acids, but had a Km that was approximately 20-fold lower. PP peptides were specific in that they did not stimulate cholesterol efflux from cells not expressing ABCA1 and were also non-cytotoxic. Addition of PP-3, 4 and 5 to serum promoted the formation of smaller size HDL species (7 nM) and increased its capacity for ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux by approximately 20-35% (p < 0.05). Because of their relatively small size and increased potency, amphipathic peptides with a polypro helix may represent an alternative structural motif for the development of apoA-I mimetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Sviridov
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiopulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - S K Drake
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L A Freeman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiopulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiopulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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32
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Abstract
The concept of lipoprotein mimetics was developed and extensively tested in the last three decades. Most lipoprotein mimetics were designed to recreate one or several functions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the context of cardiovascular disease; however, the application of this approach is much broader. Lipoprotein mimetics should not just be seen as a set of compounds aimed at replenishing a deficiency or dysfunctionality of individual elements of lipoprotein metabolism but rather as a designer concept with remarkable flexibility and numerous applications in medicine and biology. In the present review, we discuss the fundamental design principles used to create lipoprotein mimetics, mechanisms of their action, medical indications and efficacy in animal models and human studies.
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33
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Kariyazono H, Nadai R, Miyajima R, Takechi-Haraya Y, Baba T, Shigenaga A, Okuhira K, Otaka A, Saito H. Formation of stable nanodiscs by bihelical apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:116-22. [PMID: 26780967 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiscs are composed of scaffold protein or peptide such as apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and phospholipids. Although peptide-based nanodiscs have an advantage to modulate the size of nanodiscs by changing phospholipid/peptide ratios, they are usually less stable than apoA-I-based nanodiscs. In this study, we designed a novel nanodisc scaffold peptide (NSP) that has proline-punctuated bihelical amphipathic structure based on apoA-I mimetic peptides. NSP formed α-helical structure on 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) nanodiscs prepared by cholate dialysis method. Dynamic light scattering measurements demonstrated that diameters of NSP nanodiscs vary depending upon POPC/NSP ratios. Comparison of thermal unfolding of nanodiscs monitored by circular dichroism measurements demonstrated that NSP forms much more stable nanodiscs with POPC than monohelical peptide, 4F, exhibiting comparable stability to apoA-I-POPC nanodiscs. Intrinsic Trp fluorescence measurements showed that Trp residues of NSP exhibit more hydrophobic environment than that of 4 F on nanodiscs, suggesting the stronger interaction of NSP with phospholipids. Thus, the bihelical structure of NSP appears to increase the stability of nanodiscs because of the enhanced interaction of peptides with phospholipids. In addition, NSP as well as 4F spontaneously solubilized POPC vesicles into nanodiscs without using detergent. These results indicate that bihelical NSP forms nanodiscs with comparable stability to apoA-I and has an ability to control the size of nanodiscs simply by changing phospholipid/peptide ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kariyazono
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Nadai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Rin Miyajima
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.,Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Baba
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Okuhira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
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A Short Synthetic Peptide Mimetic of Apolipoprotein A1 Mediates Cholesterol and Globotriaosylceramide Efflux from Fabry Fibroblasts. JIMD Rep 2015. [PMID: 26683465 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked sphingolipid storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A (AGA, EC 3.2.1.22) resulting in the intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). We found that Gb3 storage also correlates with accumulation of endosomal-lysosomal cholesterol in Fabry fibroblasts. This cholesterol accumulation may contribute to the phenotypic pathology of Fabry disease by slowing endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. We found that LDL receptor expression is not downregulated in Fabry fibroblasts resulting in accumulation of both cholesterol and Gb3. 5A-Palmitoyl oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (5AP) is a phospholipid complex containing a short synthetic peptide that mimics apolipoprotein A1, the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that mediates the efflux of cholesterol from cells via the ATP-binding cassette transporter. We used 5AP and HDL to remove cholesterol from Fabry fibroblasts to examine the fate of accumulated cellular Gb3. Using immunostaining techniques, we found that 5AP is highly effective for depleting cholesterol and Gb3 in these cells. 5AP restores the ApoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux leading to mobilization of cholesterol and reduction of Gb3 in Fabry fibroblasts.
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35
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Morin EE, Guo L, Schwendeman A, Li XA. HDL in sepsis - risk factor and therapeutic approach. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:244. [PMID: 26557091 PMCID: PMC4616240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a key component of circulating blood and plays essential roles in regulation of vascular endothelial function and immunity. Clinical data demonstrate that HDL levels drop by 40-70% in septic patients, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Experimental studies using Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoAI) null mice showed that HDL deficient mice are susceptible to septic death, and overexpressing ApoAI in mice to increase HDL levels protects against septic death. These clinical and animal studies support our hypothesis that a decrease in HDL level is a risk factor for sepsis, and raising circulating HDL levels may provide an efficient therapy for sepsis. In this review, we discuss the roles of HDL in sepsis and summarize the efforts of using synthetic HDL as a potential therapy for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Morin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, LexingtonKY, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, LexingtonKY, USA
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36
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Schwendeman A, Sviridov DO, Yuan W, Guo Y, Morin EE, Yuan Y, Stonik J, Freeman L, Ossoli A, Thacker S, Killion S, Pryor M, Chen YE, Turner S, Remaley AT. The effect of phospholipid composition of reconstituted HDL on its cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory properties. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1727-37. [PMID: 26117661 PMCID: PMC4548777 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m060285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to understand how the reconstituted HDL (rHDL) phospholipid (PL) composition affects its cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory properties. An ApoA-I mimetic peptide, 5A, was combined with either SM or POPC. Both lipid formulations exhibited similar in vitro cholesterol efflux by ABCA1, but 5A-SM exhibited higher ABCG1- and SR-BI-mediated efflux relative to 5A-POPC (P < 0.05). Injection of both rHDLs in rats resulted in mobilization of plasma cholesterol, although the relative potency was 3-fold higher for the same doses of 5A-SM than for 5A-POPC. Formation of preβ HDL was observed following incubation of rHDLs with both human and rat plasma in vitro, with 5A-SM inducing a higher extent of preβ formation relative to 5A-POPC. Both rHDLs exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, but 5A-SM showed higher inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β release than did 5A-POPC (P < 0.05). Both 5A-SM and 5A-POPC showed reduction in total plaque area in ApoE(-/-) mice, but only 5A-SM showed a statistically significant reduction over placebo control and baseline (P < 0.01). The type of PL used to reconstitute peptide has significant influence on rHDL's anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Denis O. Sviridov
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wenmin Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Emily E. Morin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - John Stonik
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lita Freeman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alice Ossoli
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Seth Thacker
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Milton Pryor
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Alan T. Remaley
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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37
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Hafiane A, Bielicki JK, Johansson JO, Genest J. Novel Apo E-Derived ABCA1 Agonist Peptide (CS-6253) Promotes Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Induces Formation of preβ-1 HDL In Vitro. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26207756 PMCID: PMC4514675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) mimetic peptides replicate some aspects of HDL function. We have previously reported the effects of compound ATI-5261 on its ability to replicate many functions of native apo A-I in the process of HDL biogenesis. ATI-5261 induced muscle toxicity in wild type C57Bl/6 mice, increased CPK, ALT and AST and increase in triglyceride (Tg) levels. Aromatic phenylalanine residues on the non-polar face of ATI-5261, together with positively charged arginine residues at the lipid-water interface were responsible for these effects. This information was used to create a novel analog (CS-6253) that was non-toxic. We evaluated this peptide designed from the carboxyl terminus of apo E, in its ability to mimic apo A-I functionality. Our data shows that the lipidated particles generated by incubating cells overexpressing ABCA1 with lipid free CS-6253 enhances the rate of ABCA1 lipid efflux with high affinity interactions with native ABCA1 oligomeric forms and plasma membrane micro-domains. Interaction between ABCA1 and lipid free CS-6253 resulted in formation of nascent HDL-CS-6253 particles that are actively remodeled in plasma. Mature HDL-CS-6253 particles deliver cholesterol to liver cells via SR-BI in-vitro. CS-6253 significantly increases cholesterol efflux in murine macrophages and in human THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells expressing ABCA1. Addition of CS-6253 to plasma dose-dependently displaced apo A-I from α-HDL particles and led to de novo formation of preβ-1 HDL that stimulates ABCA1 dependent cholesterol efflux efficiently. When incubated with human plasma CS-6253 was also found to bind with HDL and LDL and promoted the transfer of cholesterol from HDL to LDL predominantly. Our data shows that CS-6253 mimics apo A-I in its ability to promote ABCA1-mediated formation of nascent HDL particles, and enhances formation of preβ-1 HDL with increase in the cycling of apo A-I between the preβ and α-HDL particles in-vitro. These mechanisms are potentially anti-atherogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - John K. Bielicki
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Donner Laboratory, MS1-267, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Jacques Genest
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
- * E-mail:
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38
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Abstract
A wealth of evidence indicates that plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Consequently, HDL-C has been considered a target for therapy in order to reduce the residual CVD burden that remains significant, even after application of current state-of-the-art medical interventions. In recent years, however, a number of clinical trials of therapeutic strategies that increase HDL-C levels failed to show the anticipated beneficial effect on CVD outcomes. As a result, attention has begun to shift toward strategies to improve HDL functionality, rather than levels of HDL-C per se. ApoA-I, the major protein component of HDL, is considered to play an important role in many of the antiatherogenic functions of HDL, most notably reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and several therapies have been developed to mimic apoA-I function, including administration of apoA-I, mutated variants of apoA-I, and apoA-I mimetic peptides. Based on the potential anti-inflammatory effects, apoA-I mimetics hold promise not only as anti-atherosclerotic therapy but also in other therapeutic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Stoekenbroek
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Amar MJA, Sakurai T, Sakurai-Ikuta A, Sviridov D, Freeman L, Ahsan L, Remaley AT. A novel apolipoprotein C-II mimetic peptide that activates lipoprotein lipase and decreases serum triglycerides in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:227-35. [PMID: 25395590 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.220418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptides are currently being developed as possible new agents for the treatment of cardiovascular disease based on their ability to promote cholesterol efflux and their other beneficial antiatherogenic properties. Many of these peptides, however, have been reported to cause transient hypertriglyceridemia due to inhibition of lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). We describe a novel bihelical amphipathic peptide (C-II-a) that contains an amphipathic helix (18A) for binding to lipoproteins and stimulating cholesterol efflux as well as a motif based on the last helix of apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) that activates lipolysis by LPL. The C-II-a peptide promoted cholesterol efflux from ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1-transfected BHK cells similar to apoA-I mimetic peptides. Furthermore, it was shown in vitro to be comparable to the full-length apoC-II protein in activating lipolysis by LPL. When added to serum from a patient with apoC-II deficiency, it restored normal levels of LPL-induced lipolysis and also enhanced lipolysis in serum from patients with type IV and V hypertriglyceridemia. Intravenous injection of C-II-a (30 mg/kg) in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice resulted in a significant reduction of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides of 38 ± 6% and 85 ± 7%, respectively, at 4 hours. When coinjected with the 5A peptide (60 mg/kg), the C-II-a (30 mg/kg) peptide was found to completely block the hypertriglyceridemic effect of the 5A peptide in C57Bl/6 mice. In summary, C-II-a is a novel peptide based on apoC-II, which promotes cholesterol efflux and lipolysis and may therefore be useful for the treatment of apoC-II deficiency and other forms of hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo J A Amar
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Akiko Sakurai-Ikuta
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denis Sviridov
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lita Freeman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lusana Ahsan
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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40
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White CR, Garber DW, Anantharamaiah GM. Anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-reducing properties of apolipoprotein mimetics: a review. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2007-21. [PMID: 25157031 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r051367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) are a strong independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. The major anti-atherogenic function of HDL is to mediate reverse cholesterol transport. This response is highly dependent on apoA-I and apoE, protein components of HDL. Randomized clinical trials have assessed effects of several classes of drugs on plasma cholesterol levels in CAD patients. Agents including cholestyramine, fibrates, niacin, and statins significantly lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and induce modest increases in HDL-C, but tolerance issues and undesirable side effects are common. Additionally, residual risk may be present in patients with persistently low HDL-C and other complications despite a reduction in LDL-C. These observations have fueled interest in the development of new pharmacotherapies that positively impact circulating lipoproteins. The goal of this review is to discuss the therapeutic potential of synthetic apolipoprotein mimetic peptides. These include apoA-I mimetic peptides that have undergone initial clinical assessment. We also discuss newer apoE mimetics that mediate the clearance of atherogenic lipids from the circulation and possess anti-inflammatory properties. One of these (AEM-28) has recently been given orphan drug status and is undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roger White
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiovascular Disease, Gerontology, Geriatric Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David W Garber
- Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - G M Anantharamaiah
- Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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41
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Hafiane A, Bielicki JK, Johansson JO, Genest J. Apolipoprotein E derived HDL mimetic peptide ATI-5261 promotes nascent HDL formation and reverse cholesterol transport in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1498-512. [PMID: 25091998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway may provide a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the present study, we evaluated a novel 26-amino acid apolipoprotein mimetic peptide (ATI-5261) designed from the carboxyl terminal of apoE, in its ability to mimic apoA-I functionality in RCT in vitro. Our data shows that nascent HDL-like (nHDL) particles generated by incubating cells over-expressing ABCA1 with ATI-5261 increase the rate of specific ABCA1 dependent lipid efflux, with high affinity interactions with ABCA1. We also show that these nHDL particles interact with membrane micro-domains in a manner similar to nHDL apoA-I. These nHDL particles then interact with the ABCG1 transporter and are remodeled by plasma HDL-modulating enzymes. Finally, we show that these mature HDL-like particles are taken up by SR-BI for cholesterol delivery to liver cells. This ATI-5621-mediated process mimics apoA-I and may provide a means to prevent cholesterol accumulation in the artery wall. In this study, we propose an integrative physiology approach of HDL biogenesis with the synthetic peptide ATI-5261. These experiments provide new insights for potential therapeutic use of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Cardiology Division, McGill University Health Centre/Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - John K Bielicki
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Donner Laboratory, MS1-267 Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Jacques Genest
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Cardiology Division, McGill University Health Centre/Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A1, Canada.
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42
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Wool GD, Reardon CA, Getz GS. Mimetic peptides of human apoA-I helix 10 get together to lower lipids and ameliorate atherosclerosis: is the action in the gut? J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1983-5. [PMID: 25085258 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.e053538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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43
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Abstract
Most types of cells in the body do not express the capability of catabolizing cholesterol, so cholesterol efflux is essential for homeostasis. For instance, macrophages possess four pathways for exporting free (unesterified) cholesterol to extracellular high density lipoprotein (HDL). The passive processes include simple diffusion via the aqueous phase and facilitated diffusion mediated by scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-BI). Active pathways are mediated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, which are membrane lipid translocases. The efflux of cellular phospholipid and free cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I promoted by ABCA1 is essential for HDL biogenesis. Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these four efflux pathways is presented in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Phillips
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-5158
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44
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Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a target for drug development because of their proposed anti-atherogenic properties. In this review, we will briefly discuss the currently established drugs for increasing HDL-C, namely niacin and fibrates, and some of their limitations. Next, we will focus on novel alternative therapies that are currently being developed for raising HDL-C, such as CETP inhibitors. Finally, we will conclude with a review of novel drugs that are being developed for modulating the function of HDL based on HDL mimetics. Gaps in our knowledge and the challenges that will have to be overcome for these new HDL based therapies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Remaley
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm. 2C-433, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Società Italiana Studio Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy The Blizard Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
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45
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Barylski M, Toth PP, Nikolic D, Banach M, Rizzo M, Montalto G. Emerging therapies for raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and augmenting HDL particle functionality. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 28:453-61. [PMID: 24840270 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are highly complex polymolecular aggregates capable of performing a remarkable range of atheroprotective functions. Considerable research is being performed throughout the world to develop novel pharmacologic approaches to: (1) promote apoprotein A-I and HDL particle biosynthesis; (2) augment capacity for reverse cholesterol transport so as to reduce risk for the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease; and (3) modulate the functionality of HDL particles in order to increase their capacity to antagonize oxidation, inflammation, thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and other processes that participate in arterial wall injury. HDL metabolism and the molecular constitution of HDL particles are highly complex and can change in response to both acute and chronic alterations in the metabolic milieu. To date, some of these interventions have been shown to positively impact rates of coronary artery disease progression. However, none of them have as yet been shown to significantly reduce risk for cardiovascular events. In the next 3-5 years a variety of pharmacologic interventions for modulating HDL metabolism and functionality will be tested in large, randomized, prospective outcomes trials. It is hoped that one or more of these therapeutic approaches will result in the ability to further reduce risk for cardiovascular events once low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol targets have been attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Barylski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL 61081, USA; University of Illinois School of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA.
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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46
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of action of apoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptides and improved methods for the oral delivery of peptides. RECENT FINDINGS The apoA-I mimetic peptides are based on the structure of the major apoprotein of HDL with the expectation that they may also mimic some of the antiatherogenic functions of HDL. Recent work has provided insight into mechanisms by which they may be antioxidative and anti-inflammatory. In addition, recent work has shifted the focus of the site of action of the mimetic peptides to the small intestine from the plasma and HDL and suggests modulation of bioactive oxidized lipids in the intestine by the peptides may be a major antiatherogenic pathway. The development of transgenic tomatoes expressing an apoA-I mimetic peptide is a significant advance in the oral delivery of peptides as therapies for cardiovascular disease and other chronic inflammatory disorders. SUMMARY In the past year, there have been important advances in the field of apoA-I mimetic peptides, including the oral delivery of bioactive peptides. Further work is required to fully understand the molecular basis for the effect of the peptide on the intestine and bioactive oxidized lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey S Getz
- The University of Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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47
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Leman LJ, Maryanoff BE, Ghadiri MR. Molecules that mimic apolipoprotein A-I: potential agents for treating atherosclerosis. J Med Chem 2013; 57:2169-96. [PMID: 24168751 DOI: 10.1021/jm4005847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Certain amphipathic α-helical peptides can functionally mimic many of the properties of full-length apolipoproteins, thereby offering an approach to modulate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) for combating atherosclerosis. In this Perspective, we summarize the key findings and advances over the past 25 years in the development of peptides that mimic apolipoproteins, especially apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). This assemblage of information provides a reasonably clear picture of the state of the art in the apolipoprotein mimetic field, an appreciation of the potential for such agents in pharmacotherapy, and a sense of the opportunities for optimizing the functional properties of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Leman
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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48
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Remaley AT. Tomatoes, lysophosphatidic acid, and the small intestine: new pieces in the puzzle of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides? J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3223-6. [PMID: 24146211 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.e045054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiopulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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49
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Nagao K, Hata M, Tanaka K, Takechi Y, Nguyen D, Dhanasekaran P, Lund-Katz S, Phillips MC, Saito H. The roles of C-terminal helices of human apolipoprotein A-I in formation of high-density lipoprotein particles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:80-7. [PMID: 24120703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) accepts cholesterol and phospholipids from ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-expressing cells to form high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Human apoA-I has two tertiary structural domains and the C-terminal domain (approximately amino acids 190-243) plays a key role in lipid binding. Although the high lipid affinity region of the C-terminal domain of apoA-I (residues 223-243) is essential for the HDL formation, the function of low lipid affinity region (residues 191-220) remains unclear. To evaluate the role of residues 191-220, we analyzed the structure, lipid binding properties, and HDL formation activity of Δ191-220 apoA-I, in comparison to wild-type and Δ223-243 apoA-I. Although deletion of residues 191-220 has a slight effect on the tertiary structure of apoA-I, the Δ191-220 variant showed intermediate behavior between wild-type and Δ223-243 regarding the formation of hydrophobic sites and lipid interaction through the C-terminal domain. Physicochemical analysis demonstrated that defective lipid binding of Δ191-220 apoA-I is due to the decreased ability to form α-helix structure which provides the energetic source for lipid binding. In addition, the ability to form HDL particles in vitro and induce cholesterol efflux from ABCA1-expressing cells of Δ191-220 apoA-I was also intermediate between wild-type and Δ223-243 apoA-I. These results suggest that despite possessing low lipid affinity, residues 191-220 play a role in enhancing the ability of apoA-I to bind to and solubilize lipids by forming α-helix upon lipid interaction. Our results demonstrate that the combination of low lipid affinity region and high lipid affinity region of apoA-I is required for efficient ABCA1-dependent HDL formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohjiro Nagao
- Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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50
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Zhao Y, Imura T, Leman LJ, Curtiss LK, Maryanoff BE, Ghadiri MR. Mimicry of high-density lipoprotein: functional peptide-lipid nanoparticles based on multivalent peptide constructs. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13414-24. [PMID: 23978057 DOI: 10.1021/ja404714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe an approach for engineering peptide-lipid nanoparticles that function similarly to high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Branched, multivalent constructs, bearing multiple 23- or 16-amino-acid peptides, were designed, synthesized, and combined with phospholipids to produce nanometer-scale discoidal HDL-like particles. A variety of biophysical techniques were employed to characterize the constructs, including size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifuge sedimentation, circular dichroism, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The nanoparticles functioned in vitro (human and mouse plasma) and in vivo (mice) to rapidly remodel large native HDLs into small lipid-poor HDL particles, which are key acceptors of cholesterol in reverse cholesterol transport. Fluorescent labeling studies showed that the constituents of the nanoparticles readily distributed into native HDLs, such that the peptide constructs coexisted with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the main structural protein in HDLs. Importantly, nanolipid particles containing multivalent peptides promoted efficient cellular cholesterol efflux and were functionally superior to those derived from monomeric apoA-I mimetic peptides. The multivalent peptide-lipid nanoparticles were also remarkably stable toward enzymatic digestion in vitro and displayed long half-lives and desirable pharmacokinetic profiles in mice, providing a real practical advantage over previously studied linear or tandem helical peptides. Encouragingly, a two-week exploratory efficacy study in a widely used animal model for atherosclerosis research (LDLr-null mice) using nanoparticles constructed from a trimeric peptide demonstrated an exceptional 50% reduction in the plasma total cholesterol levels compared to the control group. Altogether, the studies reported here point to an attractive avenue for designing synthetic, HDL-like nanoparticles, with potential for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, and §The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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