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Cazzaro S, Woo JAA, Wang X, Liu T, Rego S, Kee TR, Koh Y, Vázquez-Rosa E, Pieper AA, Kang DE. Slingshot homolog-1-mediated Nrf2 sequestration tips the balance from neuroprotection to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217128120. [PMID: 37463212 PMCID: PMC10374160 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217128120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage in the brain is one of the earliest drivers of pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, both preceding and exacerbating clinical symptoms. In response to oxidative stress, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is normally activated to protect the brain from oxidative damage. However, Nrf2-mediated defense against oxidative stress declines in AD, rendering the brain increasingly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Although this phenomenon has long been recognized, its mechanistic basis has been a mystery. Here, we demonstrate through in vitro and in vivo models, as well as human AD brain tissue, that Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH1) drives this effect by acting as a counterweight to neuroprotective Nrf2 in response to oxidative stress and disease. Specifically, oxidative stress-activated SSH1 suppresses nuclear Nrf2 signaling by sequestering Nrf2 complexes on actin filaments and augmenting Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 interaction, independently of SSH1 phosphatase activity. We also show that Ssh1 elimination in AD models increases Nrf2 activation, which mitigates tau and amyloid-β accumulation and protects against oxidative injury, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, loss of Ssh1 preserves normal synaptic function and transcriptomic patterns in tauP301S mice. Importantly, we also show that human AD brains exhibit highly elevated interactions of Nrf2 with both SSH1 and Keap1. Thus, we demonstrate here a unique mode of Nrf2 blockade that occurs through SSH1, which drives oxidative damage and ensuing pathogenesis in AD. Strategies to inhibit SSH1-mediated Nrf2 suppression while preserving normal SSH1 catalytic function may provide new neuroprotective therapies for AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cazzaro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL33620
| | - Jung-A A. Woo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Xinming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Shanon Rego
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL33620
| | - Teresa R. Kee
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL33620
| | - Yeojung Koh
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH44106
- Brain Health Medicines, Center Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH44106
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Cazzaro S, Zhao X, Zhao VK, Kim YK, Woo JAA. Slingshot homolog-1 amplifies mitochondrial abnormalities by distinctly impairing health and clearance of mitochondria. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1660-1672. [PMID: 36637427 PMCID: PMC10162431 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating toxic protein assemblies, including Aβ and tau, and dysfunctional mitochondria are associated with synaptic and neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Such accumulations are thought to be owing to clearance defects in the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Mitochondrial dysfunction is evident in AD brains and animal models at multiple levels, such as mitochondrial genomic mutations, disrupted bioenergetics, deregulated mitochondrial dynamics and impaired clearance of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy). Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH1) is a phosphatase activated by oxidative stress, high intracellular levels of Ca2+ and Aβ42 oligomers (Aβ42O), known for its function to dephosphorylate/activate cofilin through the N-terminal region. SSH1-mediated cofilin dephosphorylation results in Ab42O-induced severing of F-actin and translocation of cofilin to mitochondria, which promotes mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, synaptic loss and synaptic deficits. On the other hand, SSH1-mediated dephosphorylation/deactivation of the autophagy-cargo receptor p62 (SQSTM1), through its C-terminal region, inhibits p62 autophagy flux. However, the interplay between these two different activities of SSH1 in Aβ42O-induced mitochondrial toxicity remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the role of endogenous SSH1 and different regions of SSH1 in regulating mitochondrial health, mitochondrial respiration, clearance of damaged mitochondria and synaptic integrity in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that SSH1 suppresses mitochondrial health and respiration through the cofilin-binding N-terminal region, whereas SSH1 impairs mitophagy through a newly identified ~ 100 residue p62-binding domain in the C-terminal region. These results indicate that both N-terminal and C-terminal regions negatively impact mitochondria by distinct and independent modalities to amplify mitochondrial abnormalities, making SSH1 an excellent target to mitigate AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cazzaro
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Victoria K Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yenna K Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jung-A A Woo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Almarghalani DA, Sha X, Mrak RE, Shah ZA. Spatiotemporal Cofilin Signaling, Microglial Activation, Neuroinflammation, and Cognitive Impairment Following Hemorrhagic Brain Injury. Cells 2023; 12:1153. [PMID: 37190062 PMCID: PMC10137307 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a significant health concern associated with high mortality. Cofilin plays a crucial role in stress conditions, but its signaling following ICH in a longitudinal study is yet to be ascertained. In the present study, we examined the cofilin expression in human ICH autopsy brains. Then, the spatiotemporal cofilin signaling, microglia activation, and neurobehavioral outcomes were investigated in a mouse model of ICH. Human autopsy brain sections from ICH patients showed increased intracellular cofilin localization within microglia in the perihematomal area, possibly associated with microglial activation and morphological changes. Various cohorts of mice were subjected to intrastriatal collagenase injection and sacrificed at time points of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Mice suffered from severe neurobehavioral deficits after ICH, lasting for 7 days, followed by a gradual improvement. Mice suffered post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) both acutely and in the chronic phase. Hematoma volume increased from day 1 to 3, whereas ventricle size increased from day 21 to 28. Cofilin protein expression increased in the ipsilateral striatum on days 1 and 3 and then decreased from days 7 to 28. An increase in activated microglia was observed around the hematoma on days 1 to 7, followed by a gradual reduction up to day 28. Around the hematoma, activated microglia showed morphological changes from ramified to amoeboid. mRNA levels of inflammatory [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory markers [interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β TGF-β, and arginase I (Arg1)] increased during the acute phase and decreased in the chronic phase. Blood cofilin levels increased on day 3 and matched the increase in chemokine levels. slingshot protein phosphatase 1 (SSH1) protein, which activates cofilin, was increased from day 1 to 7. These results suggest that microglial activation might be the sequel of cofilin overactivation following ICH, leading to widespread neuroinflammation and consequent PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyah A. Almarghalani
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xiaojin Sha
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Robert E. Mrak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zahoor A. Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Lv S, Chen Z, Mi H, Yu X. Cofilin Acts as a Booster for Progression of Malignant Tumors Represented by Glioma. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:3245-3269. [PMID: 36452435 PMCID: PMC9703913 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s389825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cofilin, as a depolymerization factor of actin filaments, has been widely studied. Evidences show that cofilin has a role in actin structural reorganization and dynamic regulation. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated a regulatory role for cofilin in the migration and invasion mediated by cell dynamics and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)/EMT-like process, apoptosis, radiotherapy resistance, immune escape, and transcriptional dysregulation of malignant tumor cells, particularly glioma cells. On this basis, it is practical to evaluate cofilin as a biomarker for predicting tumor metastasis and prognosis. Targeting cofilin regulating kinases, Lin11, Isl-1 and Mec-3 kinases (LIM kinases/LIMKs) and their major upstream molecules inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion and targeting cofilin-mediated mitochondrial pathway induces apoptosis of tumor cells represent effective options for the development of novel anti-malignant tumor drug, especially anti-glioma drugs. This review explores the structure, general biological function, and regulation of cofilin, with an emphasis on the critical functions and prospects for clinical therapeutic applications of cofilin in malignant tumors represented by glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, 157011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiye Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Mi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China
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Yan Y, Wang X, Chaput D, Shin MK, Koh Y, Gan L, Pieper AA, Woo JAA, Kang DE. X-linked ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 increases tauopathy vulnerability in women. Cell 2022; 185:3913-3930.e19. [PMID: 36198316 PMCID: PMC9588697 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although women experience significantly higher tau burden and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men, the underlying mechanism for this vulnerability has not been explained. Here, we demonstrate through in vitro and in vivo models, as well as human AD brain tissue, that X-linked ubiquitin specific peptidase 11 (USP11) augments pathological tau aggregation via tau deubiquitination initiated at lysine-281. Removal of ubiquitin provides access for enzymatic tau acetylation at lysines 281 and 274. USP11 escapes complete X-inactivation, and female mice and people both exhibit higher USP11 levels than males. Genetic elimination of usp11 in a tauopathy mouse model preferentially protects females from acetylated tau accumulation, tau pathology, and cognitive impairment. USP11 levels also strongly associate positively with tau pathology in females but not males. Thus, inhibiting USP11-mediated tau deubiquitination may provide an effective therapeutic opportunity to protect women from increased vulnerability to AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xinming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Min-Kyoo Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yeojung Koh
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Cleveland, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, OH, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jung-A A Woo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - David E Kang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Louis Strokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Cazzaro S, Fang C, Khan H, Witas R, Kee TR, Woo JAA, Kang DE. Slingshot homolog-1 mediates the secretion of small extracellular vesicles containing misfolded proteins by regulating autophagy cargo receptors and actin dynamics. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:933979. [PMID: 36092812 PMCID: PMC9452914 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.933979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the accumulation misfolded proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) arises from clearance defects in the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Misfolded proteins such as Aβ and tau are secreted in small extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes) and are propagated from cell to cell in part through secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Recent studies suggest that autophagic activity and exosome secretion are coregulated events, and multiple autophagy-related proteins are found in sEVs, including the cargo receptors Sqstm1/p62 and optineurin. However, whether and how autophagy cargo receptors per se regulate the secretion of sEVs is unknown. Moreover, despite the prominent role of actin dynamics in secretory vesicle release, its role in EV secretion is unknown. In this study, we leveraged the dual axes of Slingshot Homolog-1 (SSH1), which inhibits Sqstm1/p62-mediated autophagy and activates cofilin-mediated actin dynamics, to study the regulation of sEV secretion. Here we show that cargo receptors Sqstm1/p62 and optineurin inhibit sEV secretion, an activity that requires their ability to bind ubiquitinated cargo. Conversely, SSH1 increases sEV secretion by dephosphorylating Sqstm1/p62 at pSer403, the phospho-residue that allows Sqstm1/p62 to bind ubiquitinated cargo. In addition, increasing actin dynamics through the SSH1-cofilin activation pathway also increases sEV secretion, which is mimicked by latrunculin B treatment. Finally, Aβ42 oligomers and mutant tau increase sEV secretion and are physically associated with secreted sEVs. These findings suggest that increasing cargo receptor engagement with autophagic cargo and reducing actin dynamics (i.e., SSH1 inhibition) represents an attractive strategy to promote misfolded protein degradation while reducing sEV-mediated cell to cell spread of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cazzaro
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Cenxiao Fang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hirah Khan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Richard Witas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Teresa R. Kee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jung-A. A. Woo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Rademaker G, Costanza B, Pyr Dit Ruys S, Peiffer R, Agirman F, Maloujahmoum N, Vertommen D, Turtoi A, Bellahcène A, Castronovo V, Peulen O. Paladin, overexpressed in colon cancer, is required for actin polymerisation and liver metastasis dissemination. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:42. [PMID: 35882839 PMCID: PMC9325978 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer remains a public health issue and most colon cancer patients succumb to the development of metastases. Using a specific protocol of pressure-assisted interstitial fluid extrusion to recover soluble biomarkers, we identified paladin as a potential colon cancer liver metastases biomarker. Methods Using shRNA gene knockdown, we explored the biological function of paladin in colon cancer cells and investigated the phospho-proteome within colon cancer cells. We successively applied in vitro migration assays, in vivo metastasis models and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Results We discovered that paladin is required for colon cancer cell migration and metastasis, and that paladin depletion altered the phospho-proteome within colon cancer cells. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030803. Thanks to immunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrated that paladin, was interacting with SSH1, a phosphatase involved in colon cancer metastasis. Finally, we showed that paladin depletion in cancer cells results in a less dynamic actin cytoskeleton. Conclusions Paladin is an undervalued protein in oncology. This study highlights for the first time that, paladin is participating in actin cytoskeleton remodelling and is required for efficient cancer cell migration. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Rademaker
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Brunella Costanza
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Sébastien Pyr Dit Ruys
- MassProt platform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Peiffer
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ferman Agirman
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Naïma Maloujahmoum
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- MassProt platform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Tumor microenvironment and resistance to treatment Laboratory, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga Cancer University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Saha S, Hazra A, Ghatak D, Singh AV, Roy S, BoseDasgupta S. A Bumpy Ride of Mycobacterial Phagosome Maturation: Roleplay of Coronin1 Through Cofilin1 and cAMP. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687044. [PMID: 34630380 PMCID: PMC8495260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagosome-lysosome fusion in innate immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils marshal an essential role in eliminating intracellular microorganisms. In microbe-challenged macrophages, phagosome-lysosome fusion occurs 4 to 6 h after the phagocytic uptake of the microbe. However, live pathogenic mycobacteria hinder the transfer of phagosomes to lysosomes, up to 20 h post-phagocytic uptake. This period is required to evade pro-inflammatory response and upregulate the acid-stress tolerant proteins. The exact sequence of events through which mycobacteria retards phagolysosome formation remains an enigma. The macrophage coat protein Coronin1(Cor1) is recruited and retained by mycobacteria on the phagosome membrane to retard its maturation by hindering the access of phagosome maturation factors. Mycobacteria-infected macrophages exhibit an increased cAMP level, and based on receptor stimulus, Cor1 expressing cells show a higher level of cAMP than non-Cor1 expressing cells. Here we have shown that infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages with H37Rv causes a Cor1 dependent rise of intracellular cAMP levels at the vicinity of the phagosomes. This increased cAMP fuels cytoskeletal protein Cofilin1 to depolymerize F-actin around the mycobacteria-containing phagosome. Owing to reduced F-actin levels, the movement of the phagosome toward the lysosomes is hindered, thus contributing to the retarded phagosome maturation process. Additionally, Cor1 mediated upregulation of Cofilin1 also contributes to the prevention of phagosomal acidification, which further aids in the retardation of phagosome maturation. Overall, our study provides first-hand information on Cor1 mediated retardation of phagosome maturation, which can be utilized in developing novel peptidomimetics as part of host-directed therapeutics against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradindu Saha
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Arnab Hazra
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Debika Ghatak
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Ajay Vir Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Sadhana Roy
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Somdeb BoseDasgupta
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Namme JN, Bepari AK, Takebayashi H. Cofilin Signaling in the CNS Physiology and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910727. [PMID: 34639067 PMCID: PMC8509315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic cells are composed of the cytoskeleton, which plays crucial roles in coordinating diverse cellular functions such as cell division, morphology, migration, macromolecular stabilization, and protein trafficking. The cytoskeleton consists of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments. Cofilin, an actin-depolymerizing protein, is indispensable for regulating actin dynamics in the central nervous system (CNS) development and function. Cofilin activities are spatiotemporally orchestrated by numerous extra- and intra-cellular factors. Phosphorylation at Ser-3 by kinases attenuate cofilin’s actin-binding activity. In contrast, dephosphorylation at Ser-3 enhances cofilin-induced actin depolymerization. Cofilin functions are also modulated by various binding partners or reactive oxygen species. Although the mechanism of cofilin-mediated actin dynamics has been known for decades, recent research works are unveiling the profound impacts of cofilin dysregulation in neurodegenerative pathophysiology. For instance, oxidative stress-induced increase in cofilin dephosphorylation is linked to the accumulation of tau tangles and amyloid-beta plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. In Parkinson’s disease, cofilin activation by silencing its upstream kinases increases α-synuclein-fibril entry into the cell. This review describes the molecular mechanism of cofilin-mediated actin dynamics and provides an overview of cofilin’s importance in CNS physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatun Nayem Namme
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
| | - Asim Kumar Bepari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (A.K.B.); (H.T.)
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.K.B.); (H.T.)
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Liaci C, Camera M, Caslini G, Rando S, Contino S, Romano V, Merlo GR. Neuronal Cytoskeleton in Intellectual Disability: From Systems Biology and Modeling to Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116167. [PMID: 34200511 PMCID: PMC8201358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a pathological condition characterized by limited intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. It affects 1–3% of the worldwide population, and no pharmacological therapies are currently available. More than 1000 genes have been found mutated in ID patients pointing out that, despite the common phenotype, the genetic bases are highly heterogeneous and apparently unrelated. Bibliomic analysis reveals that ID genes converge onto a few biological modules, including cytoskeleton dynamics, whose regulation depends on Rho GTPases transduction. Genetic variants exert their effects at different levels in a hierarchical arrangement, starting from the molecular level and moving toward higher levels of organization, i.e., cell compartment and functions, circuits, cognition, and behavior. Thus, cytoskeleton alterations that have an impact on cell processes such as neuronal migration, neuritogenesis, and synaptic plasticity rebound on the overall establishment of an effective network and consequently on the cognitive phenotype. Systems biology (SB) approaches are more focused on the overall interconnected network rather than on individual genes, thus encouraging the design of therapies that aim to correct common dysregulated biological processes. This review summarizes current knowledge about cytoskeleton control in neurons and its relevance for the ID pathogenesis, exploiting in silico modeling and translating the implications of those findings into biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Liaci
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.L.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Mattia Camera
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.L.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Giovanni Caslini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.L.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Simona Rando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.L.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Salvatore Contino
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Valentino Romano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giorgio R. Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (C.L.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116706449; Fax: +39-0116706432
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11
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Xu J, Huang Y, Zhao J, Wu L, Qi Q, Liu Y, Li G, Li J, Liu H, Wu H. Cofilin: A Promising Protein Implicated in Cancer Metastasis and Apoptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:599065. [PMID: 33614640 PMCID: PMC7890941 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.599065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilin is an actin-binding protein that regulates filament dynamics and depolymerization. The over-expression of cofilin is observed in various cancers, cofilin promotes cancer metastasis by regulating cytoskeletal reorganization, lamellipodium formation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Clinical treatment of cancer regarding cofilin has been explored in aspects of tumor cells apoptosis and cofilin related miRNAs. This review addresses the structure and phosphorylation of cofilin and describes recent findings regarding the function of cofilin in regulating cancer metastasis and apoptosis in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimeng Zhao
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Qi
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guona Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangan Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang Q, Yuan W, Yang X, Wang Y, Li Y, Qiao H. Role of Cofilin in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584898. [PMID: 33324642 PMCID: PMC7726191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disease and has an inconspicuous onset and progressive development. Clinically, it is characterized by severe dementia manifestations, including memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, loss of recognition, impairment of visual-spatial skills, executive dysfunction, and changes in personality and behavior. Its etiology is unknown to date. However, several cellular biological signatures of AD have been identified such as synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies which are related to the actin cytoskeleton. Cofilin is one of the most affluent and common actin-binding proteins and plays a role in cell motility, migration, shape, and metabolism. They also play an important role in severing actin filament, nucleating, depolymerizing, and bundling activities. In this review, we summarize the structure of cofilins and their functional and regulating roles, focusing on the synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Haifa Qiao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Xianyang Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Acupuncture, Xi’an, China
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13
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Fang C, Woo JAA, Liu T, Zhao X, Cazzaro S, Yan Y, Matlack J, Kee T, LePochat P, Kang DE. SSH1 impedes SQSTM1/p62 flux and MAPT/Tau clearance independent of CFL (cofilin) activation. Autophagy 2020; 17:2144-2165. [PMID: 33044112 PMCID: PMC8496729 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1816663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of toxic protein assemblies and damaged mitochondria are key features of neurodegenerative diseases, which arise in large part from clearance defects in the Macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome system. The autophagy cargo receptor SQSTM1/p62 plays a major role in the clearance of ubiquitinated cargo through Ser403 phosphorylation by multiple kinases. However, no phosphatase is known to physiologically dephosphorylate SQSTM1 on this activating residue. RNAi-mediated knockdown and overexpression experiments using genetically encoded fluorescent reporters and defined mutant constructs in cell lines, primary neurons, and brains show that SSH1, the canonical CFL (cofilin) phosphatase, mediates the dephosphorylation of phospho-Ser403-SQSTM1, thereby impairing SQSTM1 flux and phospho-MAPT/tau clearance. The inhibitory action of SSH1 on SQSTM1 is fully dependent on SQSTM1 Ser403 phosphorylation status and is separable from SSH1-mediated CFL activation. These findings reveal a unique action of SSH1 on SQSTM1 independent of CFL and implicate an inhibitory role of SSH1 in SQSTM1-mediated clearance of autophagic cargo, including phospho-MAPT/tau. Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; Aβ42O: amyloid β1-42 oligomers; AD: Alzheimer disease; CA3: cornu Ammonis 3; CSNK2/CK2: casein kinase 2; FCCP: 2-[2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]-propanedinitrile; FTLD: frontotemporal lobar degeneration; GFP: green fluorescent protein; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome-1; PLA: proximity ligation assay; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RIPA: radioimmunoprecipitation assay; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; siRNA: small interfering RNA; Ser403: Serine403; SSH1: slingshot protein phosphatase 1; TBK1: TANK-binding kinase 1; ULK: unc-51 like kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenxiao Fang
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jung-A A Woo
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sara Cazzaro
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jenet Matlack
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Kee
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Patrick LePochat
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David E Kang
- USF Health Byrd Institute & Alzheimer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
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14
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Luo Q, Liu Y, Zhao H, Guo P, Wang Q, Li W, Li G, Wu B. Slingshot homolog-1 expression is a poor prognostic factor of pT1 bladder urothelial carcinoma after transurethral resection. World J Urol 2020; 38:2849-2856. [PMID: 31965287 PMCID: PMC7644478 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH-1) shows an important role in the occurrence and development in various tumors. While, the expression and prognostic implications of SSH-1 in bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) remain unclear and thus were addressed in this study. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays composed of 624 bladder UC specimens after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) to detect SSH-1 expression. The clinic-pathological features were compared between SSH-1( +) and SSH-1(−) subgroups. The Kaplan–Meier curve with log-rank test and univariate/multivariate Cox regression model with stepwise backward elimination methods were performed for survival analyses. Results In this study, 359 (57.53%) specimens were detected with SSH-1 expression. SSH-1 positivity was significantly associated with higher pathological grade (p = 0.020), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.006), tumor recurrence (p < 0.001) and progression (p < 0.001) in bladder UC. Besides, SSH-1 positivity predicted a shorter overall survival (OS, p = 0.024), recurrence-free survival (RFS, p < 0.001), progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.002) and cancer-specific survival (CSS, p = 0.047). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that tumor size (p = 0.007), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.003), recurrence (p < 0.001), progression (p < 0.001) and SSH-1 expression (p = 0.015) were predictors of poor prognosis in bladder UC patients. Conclusions SSH-1 expression was associated with undesirable clinic-pathological characteristics and poor post-operative prognosis in bladder UC patients. SSH-1 might play an important role in bladder UC and serve as a promising predictor of oncological outcomes in patients with bladder UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Department of Urology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, No.163, Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Urology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, No.163, Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, No.163, Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, No.163, Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, No.163, Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China.
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15
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Morita S, Mochizuki M, Wada K, Shibuya R, Nakamura M, Yamaguchi K, Yamazaki T, Imai T, Asada Y, Matsuura K, Sugamura K, Katori Y, Satoh K, Tamai K. Humanized anti-CD271 monoclonal antibody exerts an anti-tumor effect by depleting cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:144-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Loss of serum response factor in mature neurons in the dentate gyrus alters the morphology of dendritic spines and hippocampus-dependent behavioral tasks. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2691-2701. [PMID: 31375980 PMCID: PMC6778544 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is a major transcription factor that regulates the expression of several plasticity-associated genes in the brain. Although the developmental expression of SRF in excitatory neurons is crucial for establishing proper hippocampal circuitry, no substantial evidence of its role in unstimulated mature neurons has been provided. The present study used time-controlled, conditional SRF knockout mice and found that the lack of SRF in adult neurons led to decreased actin levels and inactivation of the actin-severing protein cofilin 1 through its increase in phosphorylation at Ser3. The augmentation of cofilin 1 phosphorylation correlated with an alteration of dendritic spine morphology in the dentate gyrus, which was reflected by an increase in the number of spines that clustered into the long-spine category. The changes in spine morphology coincided with a lower amplitude and frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. Moreover, SRF knockout animals were hyperactive and exhibited impairments in hippocampus-dependent behaviors, such as digging, marble burying, and nesting. Altogether, our data indicate that the adult deletion of neuronal SRF leads to alterations of spine morphology and function and hippocampus-dependent behaviors. Thus, SRF deletion in adult neurons recapitulates some aspects of morphological, electrophysiological, and behavioral changes that are observed in such psychiatric disorders as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders.
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17
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Fu X, Liu T, Wang Z, Zhou G, Yu M, Lu X, Liu H, Zhang F. Two novel
SSH
1
mutations in Chinese patients with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis and immunohistochemical analysis of anti‐Slingshot homolog 1 antibody in one typical patient. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:e486-e488. [PMID: 31310399 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Fu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China
| | - T. Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China
| | - Z. Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China
| | - G. Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China
| | - M. Yu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China
| | - X. Lu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China
| | - H. Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China
| | - F. Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China
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18
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Bhattacharyya T, Sowdhamini R. Genome-Wide Search for Tyrosine Phosphatases in the Human Genome Through Computational Approaches Leads to the Discovery of Few New Domain Architectures. Evol Bioinform Online 2019; 15:1176934319840289. [PMID: 31007525 PMCID: PMC6457024 DOI: 10.1177/1176934319840289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation maintained by protein kinases and phosphatases is an integral part of intracellular signalling, and phosphorylation on tyrosine is extensively utilised in higher eukaryotes. Tyrosine phosphatases are enzymes that not only scavenge phosphotyrosine but are also involved in wide range of signalling pathways. As a result, mutations in these enzymes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases like cancer, autoimmune disorders, and muscle-related diseases. The genes that harbour phosphatase domain also display diversity in co-existing domains suggesting the recruitment of the catalytic machinery in diverse pathways. We have examined the current draft of the human genome, using a combination of 3 sequence search methods and validations, and identified 101 genes encoding tyrosine phosphatase-containing gene products, agreeing with previous reports. Such gene products adopt 37 unique domain architectures (DAs), including few new ones and harbouring few co-existing domains that have not been reported before. This semi-automated computational approach for detection of gene products belonging to a particular superfamily can now be easily applied at whole genome level on other mammalian genomes and for other protein domains as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerna Bhattacharyya
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
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19
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Woo JAA, Liu T, Fang CC, Cazzaro S, Kee T, LePochat P, Yrigoin K, Penn C, Zhao X, Wang X, Liggett SB, Kang DE. Activated cofilin exacerbates tau pathology by impairing tau-mediated microtubule dynamics. Commun Biol 2019; 2:112. [PMID: 30911686 PMCID: PMC6430779 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. While the accumulation of Aβ is pivotal to the etiology of AD, both the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and the F-actin severing protein cofilin are necessary for the deleterious effects of Aβ. However, the molecular link between tau and cofilin remains unclear. In this study, we found that cofilin competes with tau for direct microtubule binding in vitro, in cells, and in vivo, which inhibits tau-induced microtubule assembly. Genetic reduction of cofilin mitigates tauopathy and synaptic defects in Tau-P301S mice and movement deficits in tau transgenic C. elegans. The pathogenic effects of cofilin are selectively mediated by activated cofilin, as active but not inactive cofilin selectively interacts with tubulin, destabilizes microtubules, and promotes tauopathy. These results therefore indicate that activated cofilin plays an essential intermediary role in neurotoxic signaling that promotes tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-A. A. Woo
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Tian Liu
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Cenxiao C. Fang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Sara Cazzaro
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Teresa Kee
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Patrick LePochat
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Ksenia Yrigoin
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Courtney Penn
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Xinming Wang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Stephen B. Liggett
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - David E. Kang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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20
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The Mechanobiology of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Stem Cells during Differentiation and Interaction with Biomaterials. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2891957. [PMID: 30402108 PMCID: PMC6196919 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2891957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the cytoskeleton's importance in stem cells is essential for their manipulation and further clinical application. The cytoskeleton is crucial in stem cell biology and depends on physical and chemicals signals to define its structure. Additionally, cell culture conditions will be important in the proper maintenance of stemness, lineage commitment, and differentiation. This review focuses on the following areas: the role of the actin cytoskeleton of stem cells during differentiation, the significance of cellular morphology, signaling pathways involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement in stem cells, and the mechanobiology and mechanotransduction processes implicated in the interactions of stem cells with different surfaces of biomaterials, such as nanotopography, which is a physical cue influencing the differentiation of stem cells. Also, cancer stem cells are included since it is necessary to understand the role of their mechanical properties to develop new strategies to treat cancer. In this context, to study the stem cells requires integrated disciplines, including molecular and cellular biology, chemistry, physics, and immunology, as well as mechanobiology. Finally, since one of the purposes of studying stem cells is for their application in regenerative medicine, the deepest understanding is necessary in order to establish safety protocols and effective cell-based therapies.
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Yang D, Xiao P, Li Q, Fu X, Pan C, Lu D, Wen S, Xia W, He D, Li H, Fang H, Shen Y, Xu Z, Lin A, Wang C, Yu X, Wu J, Sun J. Allosteric modulation of the catalytic VYD loop in Slingshot by its N-terminal domain underlies both Slingshot auto-inhibition and activation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16226-16241. [PMID: 30154244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Slingshots are phosphatases that modulate cytoskeleton dynamics, and their activities are tightly regulated in different physiological contexts. Recently, abnormally elevated Slingshot activity has been implicated in many human diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular diseases. Therefore, Slingshot-specific inhibitors have therapeutic potential. However, an enzymological understanding of the catalytic mechanism of Slingshots and of their activation by actin is lacking. Here, we report that the N-terminal region of human Slingshot2 auto-inhibits its phosphatase activity in a noncompetitive manner. pH-dependent phosphatase assays and leaving-group dependence studies suggested that the N-terminal domain of Slingshot2 regulates the stability of the leaving group of the product during catalysis by modulating the general acid Asp361 in the catalytic VYD loop. F-actin binding relieved this auto-inhibition and restored the function of the general acid. Limited tryptic digestion and biophysical studies identified large conformational changes in Slingshot2 after the F-actin binding. The dissociation of N-terminal structural elements, including Leu63, and the exposure of the loop between α-helix-2 and β-sheet-3 of the phosphatase domain served as the structural basis for Slingshot activation via F-actin binding in vitro and via neuregulin stimulation in cells. Moreover, we designed a FlAsH-BRET-based Slingshot2 biosensor whose readout was highly correlated with the in vivo phosphatase activities of Slingshot2. Our results reveal the auto-inhibitory mechanism and allosteric activation mechanisms of a human Slingshot phosphatase. They also contribute to the design of new strategies to study Slingshot regulation in various cellular contexts and to screen for new activators/inhibitors of Slingshot activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duxiao Yang
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Peng Xiao
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qing Li
- the Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaolei Fu
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Chang Pan
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Di Lu
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Shishuai Wen
- the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wanying Xia
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Dongfang He
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Hui Li
- the Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hao Fang
- the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- the School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250003, China
| | - Amy Lin
- the School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705
| | - Chuan Wang
- the Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- the Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- the MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- From the Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and .,the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China, and.,the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Coumans JVF, Davey RJ, Moens PDJ. Cofilin and profilin: partners in cancer aggressiveness. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1323-1335. [PMID: 30027463 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers aspects of cofilin and profilin regulations and their influence on actin polymerisation responsible for cell motility and metastasis. The regulation of their activity by phosphorylation and nitration, miRs, PI(4,5)P2 binding, pH, oxidative stress and post-translational modification is described. In this review, we have highlighted selected similarities, complementarities and differences between the two proteins and how their interplay affects actin filament dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle V F Coumans
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Rhonda J Davey
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Pierre D J Moens
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
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Chen C, Maimaiti Y, Zhijun S, Zeming L, Yawen G, Pan Y, Tao H. Slingshot-1L, a cofilin phosphatase, induces primary breast cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66195-66203. [PMID: 29029503 PMCID: PMC5630403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Slingshot (SSH) is a member of the conserved family of cofilin phosphatases that plays a critical role in cell membrane protrusion and migration by transforming inactive phosphorylated cofilin to an active form. SSH-like protein 1 (SSH-1L) expression is detected in various types of tumors; insulin induces the phosphatases activity of SSH-1L in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent manner. However, little is known about the expression and role of SSH-1L in breast cancer. Here, we analyzed 295 human breast cancer tissue specimens for SSH-1L expression by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between SSH-1L level and patients' clinical characteristics was analyzed with Pearson's χ2 test. The function of SSH-1L was evaluated by gene knockdown and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of cofilin expression in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell lines. SSH-1L expression was detected in 88.1% of tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry and was strongly associated with increased metastasis and mortality. Loss of SSH-1L expression decreased the nonphosphorylated, active form of cofilin in SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, which was associated with reduced cell motility. Accordingly, SSH-1L/cofilin signaling played a critical role in primary breast cancer metastasis and was a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yusufu Maimaiti
- Department of General Surgery (Research Institute of Minimally Invasive), People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, P.R. China
| | - Shen Zhijun
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430000, P.R. China
| | - Liu Zeming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guo Yawen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Huang Tao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
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Cofilin-1 and Other ADF/Cofilin Superfamily Members in Human Malignant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010010. [PMID: 28025492 PMCID: PMC5297645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of actin-depolymerizing factor homology (ADF-H) domains in the structures of several related proteins led first to the formation of the ADF/cofilin family, which then expanded to the ADF/cofilin superfamily. This superfamily includes the well-studied cofilin-1 (Cfl-1) and about a dozen different human proteins that interact directly or indirectly with the actin cytoskeleton, provide its remodeling, and alter cell motility. According to some data, Cfl-1 is contained in various human malignant cells (HMCs) and is involved in the formation of malignant properties, including invasiveness, metastatic potential, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. The presence of other ADF/cofilin superfamily proteins in HMCs and their involvement in the regulation of cell motility were discovered with the use of various OMICS technologies. In our review, we discuss the results of the study of Cfl-1 and other ADF/cofilin superfamily proteins, which may be of interest for solving different problems of molecular oncology, as well as for the prospects of further investigations of these proteins in HMCs.
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Takahashi K, Okabe H, Kanno SI, Nagai T, Mizuno K. A pleckstrin homology-like domain is critical for F-actin binding and cofilin-phosphatase activity of Slingshot-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:686-692. [PMID: 27865840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Slingshot-1 (SSH1) is a protein phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates and activates cofilin, an F-actin-severing protein. SSH1 binds to and co-localizes with F-actin, and the cofilin-phosphatase activity of SSH1 is markedly increased by binding to F-actin. In this study, we performed a secondary structure analysis of SSH1, which predicted the existence of a pleckstrin homology (PH)-like domain in the N-terminal region of SSH1. SSH1 also contains a DEK-C domain in the N-terminal region. The N-terminal fragment of SSH1 bound to and co-localized with F-actin, but mutation at Arg-96 or a Leu-His-Lys (LHK) motif in the PH-like domain reduced this activity. Furthermore, mutation at Arg-96 abrogated the cofilin-phosphatase activity of SSH1 in the presence of F-actin. These results suggest that the N-terminal PH-like domain plays a critical role in F-actin binding and F-actin-mediated activation of the cofilin-phosphatase activity of SSH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Takahashi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Haruka Okabe
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nagai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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26
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Zalli D, Neff L, Nagano K, Shin NY, Witke W, Gori F, Baron R. The Actin-Binding Protein Cofilin and Its Interaction With Cortactin Are Required for Podosome Patterning in Osteoclasts and Bone Resorption In Vivo and In Vitro. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1701-12. [PMID: 27064822 PMCID: PMC5070801 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of osteoclasts (OCs) to bone and bone resorption require the assembly of specific F-actin adhesion structures, the podosomes, and their dense packing into a sealing zone. The OC-specific formation of the sealing zone requires the interaction of microtubule (MT) + ends with podosomes. Here, we deleted cofilin, a cortactin (CTTN)- and actin-binding protein highly expressed in OCs, to determine if it acts downstream of the MT-CTTN axis to regulate actin polymerization in podosomes. Conditional deletion of cofilin in OCs in mice, driven by the cathepsin K promoter (Ctsk-Cre), impaired bone resorption in vivo, increasing bone density. In vitro, OCs were not able to organize podosomes into peripheral belts. The MT network was disorganized, MT stability was decreased, and cell migration impaired. Active cofilin stabilizes MTs and allows podosome belt formation, whereas MT disruption deactivates cofilin via phosphorylation. Cofilin interacts with CTTN in podosomes and phosphorylation of either protein disrupts this interaction, which is critical for belt stabilization and for the maintenance of MT dynamic instability. Accordingly, active cofilin was required to rescue the OC cytoskeletal phenotype in vitro. These findings suggest that the patterning of podosomes into a sealing zone involves the dynamic interaction between cofilin, CTTN, and the MTs + ends. This interaction is critical for the functional organization of OCs and for bone resorption. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detina Zalli
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Neff
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nah Young Shin
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Witke
- Institut für Genetik, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesca Gori
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Bamburg JR, Bernstein BW. Actin dynamics and cofilin-actin rods in alzheimer disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:477-97. [PMID: 26873625 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal abnormalities and synaptic loss, typical of both familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), are induced by diverse stresses such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and energetic stress, each of which may be initiated or enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines or amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Extracellular Aβ-containing plaques and intracellular phospho-tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles are postmortem pathologies required to confirm AD and have been the focus of most studies. However, AD brain, but not normal brain, also have increased levels of cytoplasmic rod-shaped bundles of filaments composed of ADF/cofilin-actin in a 1:1 complex (rods). Cofilin, the major ADF/cofilin isoform in mammalian neurons, severs actin filaments at low cofilin/actin ratios and stabilizes filaments at high cofilin/actin ratios. It binds cooperatively to ADP-actin subunits in F-actin. Cofilin is activated by dephosphorylation and may be oxidized in stressed neurons to form disulfide-linked dimers, required for bundling cofilin-actin filaments into stable rods. Rods form within neurites causing synaptic dysfunction by sequestering cofilin, disrupting normal actin dynamics, blocking transport, and exacerbating mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Aβ and proinflammatory cytokines induce rods through a cellular prion protein-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase and production of reactive oxygen species. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of cofilin biochemistry, rod formation, and the development of cognitive deficits. We will then discuss rod formation as a molecular pathway for synapse loss that may be common between all three prominent current AD hypotheses, thus making rods an attractive therapeutic target. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
| | - Barbara W Bernstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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28
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Ramirez-Munoz R, Castro-Sánchez P, Roda-Navarro P. Ultrasensitivity in the Cofilin Signaling Module: A Mechanism for Tuning T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2016; 7:59. [PMID: 26925064 PMCID: PMC4759566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasensitivity allows filtering weak activating signals and responding emphatically to small changes in stronger stimuli. In the presence of positive feedback loops, ultrasensitivity enables the existence of bistability, which convert graded stimuli into switch-like, sometimes irreversible, responses. In this perspective, we discuss mechanisms that can potentially generate a bistable response in the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation monocycle that regulates the activity of cofilin in dynamic actin networks. We pay particular attention to the phosphatase Slingshot-1 (SSH-1), which is involved in a reciprocal regulation and a positive feedback loop for cofilin activation. Based on these signaling properties and experimental evidences, we propose that bistability in the cofilin signaling module might be instrumental in T cell responses to antigenic stimulation. Initially, a switch-like response in the amount of active cofilin as a function of SSH-1 activation might assist in controlling the naïve T cell specificity and sensitivity. Second, high concentrations of active cofilin might endow antigen-experienced T cells with faster and more efficient responses. We discuss the cofilin function in the context of T cell receptor triggering and spatial regulation of plasma membrane signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Ramirez-Munoz
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Complutense University and '12 de Octubre' Health Research Institute , Madrid , Spain
| | - Patricia Castro-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Complutense University and '12 de Octubre' Health Research Institute , Madrid , Spain
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Complutense University and '12 de Octubre' Health Research Institute , Madrid , Spain
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Yamashiro Y, Papke CL, Kim J, Ringuette LJ, Zhang QJ, Liu ZP, Mirzaei H, Wagenseil JE, Davis EC, Yanagisawa H. Abnormal mechanosensing and cofilin activation promote the progression of ascending aortic aneurysms in mice. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra105. [PMID: 26486174 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are intimately associated in the aortic wall. Fbln4(SMKO) mice with an SMC-specific deletion of the Fbln4 gene, which encodes the vascular ECM component fibulin-4, develop ascending aortic aneurysms that have increased abundance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); inhibiting angiotensin II signaling within the first month of life prevents aneurysm development. We used comparative proteomics analysis of Fbln4(SMKO) aortas from postnatal day (P) 1 to P30 mice to identify key molecules involved in aneurysm initiation and expansion. At P14, the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin was dephosphorylated and thus activated, and at P7, the abundance of slingshot-1 (SSH1) phosphatase, an activator of cofilin, was increased, leading to actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Also, by P7, biomechanical changes and underdeveloped elastic lamina-SMC connections were evident, and the abundance of early growth response 1 (Egr1), a mechanosensitive transcription factor that stimulates ACE expression, was increased, which was before the increases in ACE abundance and cofilin activation. Postnatal deletion of Fbln4 in SMCs at P7 prevented cofilin activation and aneurysm formation, suggesting that these processes required disruption of elastic lamina-SMC connections. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in the angiotensin II-mediated activation of SSH1, and administration of PI3K inhibitors from P7 to P30 decreased SSH1 abundance and prevented aneurysms. These results suggest that aneurysm formation arises from abnormal mechanosensing of SMCs resulting from the loss of elastic lamina-SMC connections and from increased SSH1 and cofilin activity, which may be potential therapeutic targets for treating ascending aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christina L Papke
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jungsil Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lea-Jeanne Ringuette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Qing-Jun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hamid Mirzaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Proteomics Core Unit, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
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30
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Ohashi K. Roles of cofilin in development and its mechanisms of regulation. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:275-90. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Ohashi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
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31
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Slingshot-Cofilin activation mediates mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction via Aβ ligation to β1-integrin conformers. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:921-34. [PMID: 25698445 PMCID: PMC4423195 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) is an early event associated with synaptic and mitochondrial damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have implicated the filamentous actin (F-actin) severing protein, Cofilin, in synaptic remodeling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and AD pathogenesis. However, whether Cofilin is an essential component of the AD pathogenic process and how Aβ impinges its signals to Cofilin from the neuronal surface are unknown. In this study, we found that Aβ42 oligomers (Aβ42O, amyloid-β protein 1–42 oligomers) bind with high affinity to low or intermediate activation conformers of β1-integrin, resulting in the loss of surface β1-integrin and activation of Cofilin via Slingshot homology-1 (SSH1) activation. Specifically, conditional loss of β1-integrin prevented Aβ42O-induced Cofilin activation, and allosteric modulation or activation of β1-integrin significantly reduced Aβ42O binding to neurons while blocking Aβ42O-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction, depletion of F-actin/focal Vinculin, and apoptosis. Cofilin, in turn, was required for Aβ42O-induced loss of cell surface β1-integrin, disruption of F-actin/focal Talin–Vinculin, and depletion of F-actin-associated postsynaptic proteins. SSH1 reduction, which mitigated Cofilin activation, prevented Aβ42O-induced mitochondrial Cofilin translocation and apoptosis, while AD brain mitochondria contained significantly increased activated/oxidized Cofilin. In mechanistic support in vivo, AD mouse model (APP (amyloid precursor protein)/PS1) brains contained increased SSH1/Cofilin and decreased SSH1/14-3-3 complexes, indicative of SSH1–Cofilin activation via release of SSH1 from 14-3-3. Finally, genetic reduction in Cofilin rescued APP/Aβ-induced synaptic protein loss and gliosis in vivo as well as deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) and contextual memory in APP/PS1 mice. These novel findings therefore implicate the essential involvement of the β1-integrin–SSH1–Cofilin pathway in mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction in AD.
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32
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Takahashi K, Kanno SI, Mizuno K. Activation of cytosolic Slingshot-1 phosphatase by gelsolin-generated soluble actin filaments. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:471-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bielig H, Lautz K, Braun PR, Menning M, Machuy N, Brügmann C, Barisic S, Eisler SA, Andree M, Zurek B, Kashkar H, Sansonetti PJ, Hausser A, Meyer TF, Kufer TA. The cofilin phosphatase slingshot homolog 1 (SSH1) links NOD1 signaling to actin remodeling. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004351. [PMID: 25187968 PMCID: PMC4154870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NOD1 is an intracellular pathogen recognition receptor that contributes to anti-bacterial innate immune responses, adaptive immunity and tissue homeostasis. NOD1-induced signaling relies on actin remodeling, however, the details of the connection of NOD1 and the actin cytoskeleton remained elusive. Here, we identified in a druggable-genome wide siRNA screen the cofilin phosphatase SSH1 as a specific and essential component of the NOD1 pathway. We show that depletion of SSH1 impaired pathogen induced NOD1 signaling evident from diminished NF-κB activation and cytokine release. Chemical inhibition of actin polymerization using cytochalasin D rescued the loss of SSH1. We further demonstrate that NOD1 directly interacted with SSH1 at F-actin rich sites. Finally, we show that enhanced cofilin activity is intimately linked to NOD1 signaling. Our data thus provide evidence that NOD1 requires the SSH1/cofilin network for signaling and to detect bacterial induced changes in actin dynamics leading to NF-κB activation and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Bielig
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katja Lautz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter R. Braun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum Center for Systems Biomedicine, Falkensee, Germany
| | - Maureen Menning
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Machuy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Brügmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Barisic
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Eisler
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Andree
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birte Zurek
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philippe J. Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U786, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Homma Y, Kanno SI, Sasaki K, Nishita M, Yasui A, Asano T, Ohashi K, Mizuno K. Insulin receptor substrate-4 binds to Slingshot-1 phosphatase and promotes cofilin dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26302-26313. [PMID: 25100728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilin plays an essential role in cell migration and morphogenesis by enhancing actin filament dynamics via its actin filament-severing activity. Slingshot-1 (SSH1) is a protein phosphatase that plays a crucial role in regulating actin dynamics by dephosphorylating and reactivating cofilin. In this study, we identified insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-4 as a novel SSH1-binding protein. Co-precipitation assays revealed the direct endogenous binding of IRS4 to SSH1. IRS4, but not IRS1 or IRS2, was bound to SSH1. IRS4 was bound to SSH1 mainly through the unique region (amino acids 335-400) adjacent to the C terminus of the phosphotyrosine-binding domain of IRS4. The N-terminal A, B, and phosphatase domains of SSH1 were bound to IRS4 independently. Whereas in vitro phosphatase assays revealed that IRS4 does not directly affect the cofilin phosphatase activity of SSH1, knockdown of IRS4 increased cofilin phosphorylation in cultured cells. Knockdown of IRS4 decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, and treatment with an inhibitor of PI3K increased cofilin phosphorylation. Akt preferentially phosphorylated SSH1 at Thr-826, but expression of a non-phosphorylatable T826A mutant of SSH1 did not affect insulin-induced cofilin dephosphorylation, and an inhibitor of Akt did not increase cofilin phosphorylation. These results suggest that IRS4 promotes cofilin dephosphorylation through sequential activation of PI3K and SSH1 but not through Akt. In addition, IRS4 co-localized with SSH1 in F-actin-rich membrane protrusions in insulin-stimulated cells, which suggests that the association of IRS4 with SSH1 contributes to localized activation of cofilin in membrane protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Homma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan, and
| | - Kazutaka Sasaki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Michiru Nishita
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan, and
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohashi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan,.
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35
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Ambriz-Peña X, García-Zepeda EA, Meza I, Soldevila G. Jak3 enables chemokine-dependent actin cytoskeleton reorganization by regulating cofilin and Rac/Rhoa GTPases activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88014. [PMID: 24498424 PMCID: PMC3912156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Jak3 is involved in the signaling pathways of CCR7, CCR9 and CXCR4 in murine T lymphocytes and that Jak3−/− lymphocytes display an intrinsic defect in homing to peripheral lymph nodes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the defective migration observed in Jak3−/− lymphocytes remains elusive. Here, it is demonstrated for the first time, that Jak3 is required for the actin cytoskeleton reorganization in T lymphocytes responding to chemokines. It was found that Jak3 regulates actin polymerization by controlling cofilin inactivation in response to CCL21 and CXCL12. Interestingly, cofilin inactivation was not precluded in PTX- treated cells despite their impaired actin polymerization. Additionally, Jak3 was required for small GTPases Rac1 and RhoA activation, which are indispensable for acquisition of the migratory cell phenotype and the generation of a functional leading edge and uropod, respectively. This defect correlates with data obtained by time-lapse video-microscopy showing an incompetent uropod formation and impaired motility in Jak3-pharmacologically inhibited T lymphocytes. Our data support a new model in which Jak3 and heterotrimeric G proteins can use independent, but complementary, signaling pathways to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics during cell migration in response to chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xochitl Ambriz-Peña
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Eduardo Alberto García-Zepeda
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Isaura Meza
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV IPN), Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, México
- * E-mail:
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36
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Chiba S, Amagai Y, Homma Y, Fukuda M, Mizuno K. NDR2-mediated Rabin8 phosphorylation is crucial for ciliogenesis by switching binding specificity from phosphatidylserine to Sec15. EMBO J 2013; 32:874-85. [PMID: 23435566 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like sensory organelles protruding from the plasma membrane. Defects in ciliogenesis cause diverse genetic disorders. NDR2 was identified as the causal gene for a canine ciliopathy, early retinal degeneration, but its role in ciliogenesis remains unknown. Ciliary membranes are generated by transport and fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles to the pericentrosome, a process requiring Rab11-mediated recruitment of Rabin8, a GDP-GTP exchange factor (GEF) for Rab8, and subsequent Rab8 activation and Rabin8 binding to Sec15, a component of the exocyst that mediates vesicle tethering. This study shows that NDR2 phosphorylates Rabin8 at Ser-272 and defects in this phosphorylation impair preciliary membrane assembly and ciliogenesis, resulting in accumulation of Rabin8-/Rab11-containing vesicles at the pericentrosome. Rabin8 binds to and colocalizes with GTP-bound Rab11 and phosphatidylserine (PS) on pericentrosomal vesicles. The phospho-mimetic S272E mutation of Rabin8 decreases affinity for PS but increases affinity for Sec15. These results suggest that NDR2-mediated Rabin8 phosphorylation is crucial for ciliogenesis by triggering the switch in binding specificity of Rabin8 from PS to Sec15, thereby promoting local activation of Rab8 and ciliary membrane formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Chiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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37
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Signaling mechanisms and functional roles of cofilin phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Cell Signal 2012; 25:457-69. [PMID: 23153585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cofilin and actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) are actin-binding proteins that play an essential role in regulating actin filament dynamics and reorganization by stimulating the severance and depolymerization of actin filaments. Cofilin/ADF are inactivated by phosphorylation at the serine residue at position 3 by LIM-kinases (LIMKs) and testicular protein kinases (TESKs) and are reactivated by dephosphorylation by the slingshot (SSH) family of protein phosphatases and chronophin. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the signaling mechanisms regulating LIMKs and SSHs and the functional roles of cofilin phospho-regulation in cell migration, tumor invasion, mitosis, neuronal development, and synaptic plasticity. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the phospho-regulation of cofilin/ADF is a key convergence point of cell signaling networks that link extracellular stimuli to actin cytoskeletal dynamics and that spatiotemporal control of cofilin/ADF activity by LIMKs and SSHs plays a crucial role in a diverse array of cellular and physiological processes. Perturbations in the normal control of cofilin/ADF activity underlie many pathological conditions, including cancer metastasis and neurological and cardiovascular disorders.
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38
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Blangy A, Touaitahuata H, Cres G, Pawlak G. Cofilin activation during podosome belt formation in osteoclasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45909. [PMID: 23049890 PMCID: PMC3457939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are dynamic actin-based structures found constitutively in cells of monocytic origin such as macrophages, dendritic cells and osteoclasts. They have been involved in osteoclast cell adhesion, motility and matrix degradation, and all these functions rely on the ability of podosomes to form supra-molecular structures called podosome belts or sealing zones on mineralized substrates. Podosomes contain two distinct domains, an actin-rich core enriched in actin polymerization regulators, surrounded by a ring of signaling and plaque molecules. The organization of podosome arrays into belts is linked to actin dynamics. Cofilin is an actin-severing protein that is known to regulate cytoskeleton architecture and cell migration. Cofilin is present in lamellipodia and invadopodia where it regulates actin polymerization. In this report, we show that cofilin is a novel component of the podosome belt, the mature osteoclast adhesion structure. Time-course analysis demonstrated that cofilin is activated during primary osteoclast differentiation, at the time of podosome belt assembly. Immunofluorescence studies reveal a localization of active cofilin in the podosome core structure, whereas phosphorylated, inactive cofilin is concentrated in the podosome cloud. Pharmacological studies unraveled the role of a specific cofilin phosphatase to achieve cofilin activation during osteoclast differentiation. We ruled out the implication of PP1/PP2A and PTEN in this process, and rather provided evidence for the involvement of SSH1. In summary, our data involve cofilin as a regulator of podosome organization that is activated during osteoclast differentiation by a RANKL-mediated signaling pathway targeting the SSH1 phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoleculaire, Montpellier University, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France.
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39
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Ikeda M, Chiba S, Ohashi K, Mizuno K. Furry protein promotes aurora A-mediated Polo-like kinase 1 activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27670-81. [PMID: 22753416 PMCID: PMC3431660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.378968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar mitotic spindle organization is fundamental to faithful chromosome segregation. Furry (Fry) is an evolutionarily conserved protein implicated in cell division and morphology. In human cells, Fry localizes to centrosomes and spindle microtubules in early mitosis, and depletion of Fry causes multipolar spindle formation. However, it remains unknown how Fry controls bipolar spindle organization. This study demonstrates that Fry binds to polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) through the polo-box domain of Plk1 in a manner dependent on the cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated Fry phosphorylation at Thr-2516. Fry also binds to Aurora A and promotes Plk1 activity by binding to the polo-box domain of Plk1 and by facilitating Aurora A-mediated Plk1 phosphorylation at Thr-210. Depletion of Fry causes centrosome and centriole splitting in mitotic spindles and reduces the kinase activity of Plk1 in mitotic cells and the accumulation of Thr-210-phosphorylated Plk1 at the spindle poles. Our results suggest that Fry plays a crucial role in the structural integrity of mitotic centrosomes and in the maintenance of spindle bipolarity by promoting Plk1 activity at the spindle poles in early mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ikeda
- From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohashi
- From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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40
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Zhou L, Jones EV, Murai KK. EphA signaling promotes actin-based dendritic spine remodeling through slingshot phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9346-59. [PMID: 22282498 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.302802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeletal remodeling plays a critical role in transforming the morphology of subcellular structures across various cell types. In the brain, restructuring of dendritic spines through actin cytoskeleletal reorganization is implicated in the regulation of synaptic efficacy and the storage of information in neural circuits. However, the upstream pathways that provoke actin-based spine changes remain only partly understood. Here we show that EphA receptor signaling remodels spines by triggering a sequence of events involving actin filament rearrangement and synapse/spine reorganization. Rapid EphA signaling over minutes activates the actin filament depolymerizing/severing factor cofilin, alters F-actin distribution in spines, and causes transient spine elongation through the phosphatases slingshot 1 (SSH1) and calcineurin/protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B). This early phase of spine extension is followed by synaptic reorganization events that take place over minutes to hours and involve the relocation of pre/postsynaptic components and ultimately spine retraction. Thus, EphA receptors utilize discrete cellular and molecular pathways to promote actin-based structural plasticity of excitatory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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41
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Barišić S, Nagel AC, Franz-Wachtel M, Macek B, Preiss A, Link G, Maier D, Hausser A. Phosphorylation of Ser 402 impedes phosphatase activity of slingshot 1. EMBO Rep 2011; 12:527-33. [PMID: 21525957 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2011.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
By using mass spectrometry, we have identified Ser 402 as a new phosphorylation site within the catalytic domain of human slingshot 1 (SSH1). Phosphorylation at this site inhibits substrate binding and, thus, phosphatase activity in vitro, resulting in enrichment of phosphorylated cofilin in monolayer cell culture. We further demonstrate that protein kinase D (PKD) is upstream from Ser 402 phosphorylation. Accordingly, expression of active PKD in Drosophila phenotypically mimics the loss of SSH activity by inducing accumulation of phosphorylated cofilin and filamentous actin. We thus identify a universal mechanism by which PKD controls SSH1 phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barišić
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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42
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Chiu TT, Patel N, Shaw AE, Bamburg JR, Klip A. Arp2/3- and cofilin-coordinated actin dynamics is required for insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation to the surface of muscle cells. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:3529-39. [PMID: 20739464 PMCID: PMC2954118 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-04-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin increases GLUT4 at the muscle cell surface, and this process requires actin remodeling. We show that a dynamic cycle of actin polymerization and severing is induced by insulin, governed by Arp2/3 and dephosphorylation of cofilin, respectively. The cycle is self-perpetuating and is essential for GLUT4 translocation. GLUT4 vesicles are actively recruited to the muscle cell surface upon insulin stimulation. Key to this process is Rac-dependent reorganization of filamentous actin beneath the plasma membrane, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Using L6 rat skeletal myoblasts stably expressing myc-tagged GLUT4, we found that Arp2/3, acting downstream of Rac GTPase, is responsible for the cortical actin polymerization evoked by insulin. siRNA-mediated silencing of either Arp3 or p34 subunits of the Arp2/3 complex abrogated actin remodeling and impaired GLUT4 translocation. Insulin also led to dephosphorylation of the actin-severing protein cofilin on Ser-3, mediated by the phosphatase slingshot. Cofilin dephosphorylation was prevented by strategies depolymerizing remodeled actin (latrunculin B or p34 silencing), suggesting that accumulation of polymerized actin drives severing to enact a dynamic actin cycling. Cofilin knockdown via siRNA caused overwhelming actin polymerization that subsequently inhibited GLUT4 translocation. This inhibition was relieved by reexpressing Xenopus wild-type cofilin-GFP but not the S3E-cofilin-GFP mutant that emulates permanent phosphorylation. Transferrin recycling was not affected by depleting Arp2/3 or cofilin. These results suggest that cofilin dephosphorylation is required for GLUT4 translocation. We propose that Arp2/3 and cofilin coordinate a dynamic cycle of actin branching and severing at the cell cortex, essential for insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ting Chiu
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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43
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Eiseler T, Hausser A, De Kimpe L, Van Lint J, Pfizenmaier K. Protein kinase D controls actin polymerization and cell motility through phosphorylation of cortactin. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18672-83. [PMID: 20363754 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.093880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We here identify protein kinase D (PKD) as an upstream regulator of the F-actin-binding protein cortactin and the Arp actin polymerization machinery. PKD phosphorylates cortactin in vitro and in vivo at serine 298 thereby generating a 14-3-3 binding motif. In vitro, a phosphorylation-deficient cortactin-S298A protein accelerated VCA-Arp-cortactin-mediated synergistic actin polymerization and showed reduced F-actin binding, indicative of enhanced turnover of nucleation complexes. In vivo, cortactin co-localized with the nucleation promoting factor WAVE2, essential for lamellipodia extension, in the actin polymerization zone in Heregulin-treated MCF-7 cells. Using a 3-dye FRET-based approach we further demonstrate that WAVE2-Arp and cortactin prominently interact at these structures. Accordingly, cortactin-S298A significantly enhanced lamellipodia extension and directed cell migration. Our data thus unravel a previously unrecognized mechanism by which PKD controls cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Eiseler
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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44
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Wickramarachchi DC, Theofilopoulos AN, Kono DH. Immune pathology associated with altered actin cytoskeleton regulation. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:64-75. [PMID: 20001423 DOI: 10.3109/08916930903374634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in a variety of important cellular processes required for normal immune function, including locomotion, intercellular interactions, endocytosis, cytokinesis, signal transduction, and maintenance of cell morphology. Recent studies have uncovered not only many of the components and mechanisms that regulate the cortical actin cytoskeleton but have also revealed significant immunopathological consequences associated with genetic alteration of actin cytoskeletal regulatory genes. These advances have provided new insights into the role of cortical actin cytoskeletal regulation in a number of immune cell functions and have identified cytoskeletal regulatory proteins critical for normal immune system activity and susceptibility to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilki C Wickramarachchi
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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45
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Takemura M, Mishima T, Wang Y, Kasahara J, Fukunaga K, Ohashi K, Mizuno K. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV-mediated LIM kinase activation is critical for calcium signal-induced neurite outgrowth. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:28554-62. [PMID: 19696021 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.006296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeletal remodeling is essential for neurite outgrowth. LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) regulates actin cytoskeletal remodeling by phosphorylating and inactivating cofilin, an actin filament-disassembling factor. In this study, we investigated the role of LIMK1 in calcium signal-induced neurite outgrowth. The calcium ionophore ionomycin induced LIMK1 activation and cofilin phosphorylation in Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells. Knockdown of LIMK1 or expression of a kinase-dead mutant of LIMK1 suppressed ionomycin-induced cofilin phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells. Ionomycin-induced cofilin phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth were also blocked by KN-93, an inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), and STO-609, an inhibitor of CaMK kinase. An active form of CaMKIV but not CaMKI enhanced Thr-508 phosphorylation of LIMK1 and increased the kinase activity of LIMK1. Moreover, the active form of CaMKIV induced cofilin phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth, and a dominant negative form of CaMKIV suppressed ionomycin-induced neurite outgrowth. Taken together, our results suggest that LIMK1-mediated cofilin phosphorylation is critical for ionomycin-induced neurite outgrowth and that CaMKIV mediates ionomycin-induced LIMK1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyohiko Takemura
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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