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Bowen CJ, Calderón Giadrosic JF, Burger Z, Rykiel G, Davis EC, Helmers MR, Benke K, Gallo MacFarlane E, Dietz HC. Targetable cellular signaling events mediate vascular pathology in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:686-698. [PMID: 31639107 PMCID: PMC6994142 DOI: 10.1172/jci130730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is an autosomal-dominant connective tissue disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in the COL3A1 gene, which encodes the pro-α 1 chain of collagen III. Loss of structural integrity of the extracellular matrix is believed to drive the signs and symptoms of this condition, including spontaneous arterial dissection and/or rupture, the major cause of mortality. We created 2 mouse models of vEDS that carry heterozygous mutations in Col3a1 that encode glycine substitutions analogous to those found in patients, and we showed that signaling abnormalities in the PLC/IP3/PKC/ERK pathway (phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate/protein kinase C/extracellular signal-regulated kinase) are major mediators of vascular pathology. Treatment with pharmacologic inhibitors of ERK1/2 or PKCβ prevented death due to spontaneous aortic rupture. Additionally, we found that pregnancy- and puberty-associated accentuation of vascular risk, also seen in vEDS patients, was rescued by attenuation of oxytocin and androgen signaling, respectively. Taken together, our results provide evidence that targetable signaling abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of vEDS, highlighting unanticipated therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin J. Bowen
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Zachary Burger
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Graham Rykiel
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine C. Davis
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark R. Helmers
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly Benke
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harry C. Dietz
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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2
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van der Pluijm I, Burger J, van Heijningen PM, IJpma A, van Vliet N, Milanese C, Schoonderwoerd K, Sluiter W, Ringuette LJ, Dekkers DHW, Que I, Kaijzel EL, te Riet L, MacFarlane EG, Das D, van der Linden R, Vermeij M, Demmers JA, Mastroberardino PG, Davis EC, Yanagisawa H, Dietz HC, Kanaar R, Essers J. Decreased mitochondrial respiration in aneurysmal aortas of Fibulin-4 mutant mice is linked to PGC1A regulation. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1776-1793. [PMID: 29931197 PMCID: PMC6198735 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Thoracic aortic aneurysms are a life-threatening condition often diagnosed too late. To discover novel robust biomarkers, we aimed to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying aneurysm formation. Methods and results In Fibulin-4R/R mice, the extracellular matrix protein Fibulin-4 is 4-fold reduced, resulting in progressive ascending aneurysm formation and early death around 3 months of age. We performed proteomics and genomics studies on Fibulin-4R/R mouse aortas. Intriguingly, we observed alterations in mitochondrial protein composition in Fibulin-4R/R aortas. Consistently, functional studies in Fibulin-4R/R vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) revealed lower oxygen consumption rates, but increased acidification rates. Yet, mitochondria in Fibulin-4R/R VSMCs showed no aberrant cytoplasmic localization. We found similar reduced mitochondrial respiration in Tgfbr-1M318R/+ VSMCs, a mouse model for Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS). Interestingly, also human fibroblasts from Marfan (FBN1) and LDS (TGFBR2 and SMAD3) patients showed lower oxygen consumption. While individual mitochondrial Complexes I-V activities were unaltered in Fibulin-4R/R heart and muscle, these tissues showed similar decreased oxygen consumption. Furthermore, aortas of aneurysmal Fibulin-4R/R mice displayed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Consistent with these findings, gene expression analyses revealed dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Accordingly, blood ketone levels of Fibulin-4R/R mice were reduced and liver fatty acids were decreased, while liver glycogen was increased, indicating dysregulated metabolism at the organismal level. As predicted by gene expression analysis, the activity of PGC1α, a key regulator between mitochondrial function and organismal metabolism, was downregulated in Fibulin-4R/R VSMCs. Increased TGFβ reduced PGC1α levels, indicating involvement of TGFβ signalling in PGC1α regulation. Activation of PGC1α restored the decreased oxygen consumption in Fibulin-4R/R VSMCs and improved their reduced growth potential, emphasizing the importance of this key regulator. Conclusion Our data indicate altered mitochondrial function and metabolic dysregulation, leading to increased ROS levels and altered energy production, as a novel mechanism, which may contribute to thoracic aortic aneurysm formation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Cell Respiration
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Burger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula M van Heijningen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne IJpma
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Sluiter
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea-Jeanne Ringuette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Dirk H W Dekkers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Que
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik L Kaijzel
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk te Riet
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena G MacFarlane
- Department of Surgery, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Devashish Das
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel Vermeij
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Harry C Dietz
- Department of Surgery, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdan, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdan, The Netherlands
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3
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Beyens A, Albuisson J, Boel A, Al-Essa M, Al-Manea W, Bonnet D, Bostan O, Boute O, Busa T, Canham N, Cil E, Coucke PJ, Cousin MA, Dasouki M, De Backer J, De Paepe A, De Schepper S, De Silva D, Devriendt K, De Wandele I, Deyle DR, Dietz H, Dupuis-Girod S, Fontenot E, Fischer-Zirnsak B, Gezdirici A, Ghoumid J, Giuliano F, Baena N, Haider MZ, Hardin JS, Jeunemaitre X, Klee EW, Kornak U, Landecho MF, Legrand A, Loeys B, Lyonnet S, Michael H, Moceri P, Mohammed S, Muiño-Mosquera L, Nampoothiri S, Pichler K, Prescott K, Rajeb A, Ramos-Arroyo M, Rossi M, Salih M, Seidahmed MZ, Schaefer E, Steichen-Gersdorf E, Temel S, Uysal F, Vanhomwegen M, Van Laer L, Van Maldergem L, Warner D, Willaert A, Collins Ii TR, Taylor A, Davis EC, Zarate Y, Callewaert B. Correction: Arterial tortuosity syndrome: 40 new families and literature review. Genet Med 2018; 21:1894-1895. [PMID: 30201961 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the published version of this paper the author Neus Baena's name was incorrectly given as Neus Baena Diez. This has now been corrected in both the HTML and PDF versions of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Beyens
- Center For Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juliette Albuisson
- APH, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, INSERM, U970, Université Descartes Paris, Sarbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Center For Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mazen Al-Essa
- Pediatrics Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Waheed Al-Manea
- Pediatric Department, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Medical Genetics Service, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Ozlem Bostan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Odile Boute
- Clinical Genetics Service "Guy Fontaine," Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France
| | - Tiffany Busa
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique, AP-HM CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Canham
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Ergun Cil
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center For Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margot A Cousin
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Majed Dasouki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Julie De Backer
- Center For Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center For Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Schepper
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deepthi De Silva
- Department of Physiology, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Inge De Wandele
- Center For Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David R Deyle
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Harry Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie Dupuis-Girod
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfants, Service de Génétique et Centre de Référence Pour la Maladie de Rendu-Osler, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eudice Fontenot
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Björn Fischer-Zirnsak
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lille University Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabienne Giuliano
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Raymond Poincare Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Neus Baena
- Genetics Laboratory UDIAT Diagnostic Center, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Joshua S Hardin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- APH, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, INSERM, U970, Université Descartes Paris, Sarbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric W Klee
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Département de Génétique, AP-HM CHU Timone Enfants, Marseille, France.,North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel F Landecho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anne Legrand
- APH, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, INSERM, U970, Université Descartes Paris, Sarbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bart Loeys
- Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Medical Genetics Service, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Helen Michael
- Paediatric Cardiology and Transition, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Moceri
- Cardiology Department, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice et Hôpitaux Universitaires Pédiatriques Lenval, Nice, France
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Karin Pichler
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrina Prescott
- Clinical Genetics, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Rajeb
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Ramos-Arroyo
- Medical Genetics Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Genetic Department, Femme-Mère-Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon and INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, GENDEV Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Mustafa Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elise Schaefer
- Medical Genetics Service, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Sehime Temel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Lefkoşa, Cyprus.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Uysal
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Marine Vanhomwegen
- Center For Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lut Van Laer
- Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - David Warner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center For Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom R Collins Ii
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yuri Zarate
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center For Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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4
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Yamashiro Y, Thang BQ, Shin SJ, Lino CA, Nakamura T, Kim J, Sugiyama K, Tokunaga C, Sakamoto H, Osaka M, Davis EC, Wagenseil JE, Hiramatsu Y, Yanagisawa H. Role of Thrombospondin-1 in Mechanotransduction and Development of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in Mouse and Humans. Circ Res 2018; 123:660-672. [PMID: 30355232 PMCID: PMC6211815 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Abnormal mechanosensing of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) resulting from the defective elastin-contractile units has been suggested to drive the formation of thoracic aortic aneurysms; however, the precise molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the crucial mediator(s) involved in abnormal mechanosensing and propagation of biochemical signals during the aneurysm formation and to establish a basis for a novel therapeutic strategy. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a mouse model of postnatal ascending aortic aneurysms ( Fbln4SMKO; termed SMKO [SMC-specific knockout]), in which deletion of Fbln4 (fibulin-4) leads to disruption of the elastin-contractile units caused by a loss of elastic lamina-SMC connections. In this mouse, upregulation of Egr1 (early growth response 1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme leads to activation of Ang II (angiotensin II) signaling. Here, we showed that the matricellular protein, Thbs1 (thrombospondin-1), was highly upregulated in SMKO ascending aortas and in human thoracic aortic aneurysms. Thbs1 was induced by mechanical stretch and Ang II in SMCs, for which Egr1 was required, and reduction of Fbln4 sensitized the cells to these stimuli and led to higher expression of Egr1 and Thbs1. Deletion of Thbs1 in SMKO mice prevented the aneurysm formation in ≈80% of DKO (SMKO;Thbs1 knockout) animals and suppressed Ssh1 (slingshot-1) and cofilin dephosphorylation, leading to the formation of normal actin filaments. Furthermore, elastic lamina-SMC connections were restored in DKO aortas, and mechanical testing showed that structural and material properties of DKO aortas were markedly improved. CONCLUSIONS Thbs1 is a critical component of mechanotransduction, as well as a modulator of elastic fiber organization. Maladaptive upregulation of Thbs1 results in disruption of elastin-contractile units and dysregulation of actin cytoskeletal remodeling, contributing to the development of ascending aortic aneurysms in vivo. Thbs1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for treating thoracic aortic aneurysms.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actin Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Cofilin 2/metabolism
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/metabolism
- Elastic Tissue/metabolism
- Elastic Tissue/pathology
- Elastin/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/deficiency
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Pressoreceptors/metabolism
- Rats
- Stress, Mechanical
- Thrombospondin 1/deficiency
- Thrombospondin 1/genetics
- Thrombospondin 1/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Yamashiro
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Bui Quoc Thang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Seung Jae Shin
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Caroline Antunes Lino
- Anatomy, University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jungsil Kim
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Kaori Sugiyama
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Chiho Tokunaga
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakamoto
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Motoo Osaka
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Elaine C. Davis
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0C7, Canada
| | - Jessica E. Wagenseil
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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5
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Chen J, Peters A, Papke CL, Villamizar C, Ringuette LJ, Cao J, Wang S, Ma S, Gong L, Byanova KL, Xiong J, Zhu MX, Madonna R, Kee P, Geng YJ, Brasier AR, Davis EC, Prakash S, Kwartler CS, Milewicz DM. Loss of Smooth Muscle α-Actin Leads to NF-κB-Dependent Increased Sensitivity to Angiotensin II in Smooth Muscle Cells and Aortic Enlargement. Circ Res 2017; 120:1903-1915. [PMID: 28461455 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mutations in ACTA2, encoding the smooth muscle isoform of α-actin, cause thoracic aortic aneurysms, acute aortic dissections, and occlusive vascular diseases. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the mechanism by which loss of smooth muscle α-actin causes aortic disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Acta2-/- mice have an increased number of elastic lamellae in the ascending aorta and progressive aortic root dilation as assessed by echocardiography that can be attenuated by treatment with losartan, an angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor blocker. AngII levels are not increased in Acta2-/- aortas or kidneys. Aortic tissue and explanted smooth muscle cells from Acta2-/- aortas show increased production of reactive oxygen species and increased basal nuclear factor κB signaling, leading to an increase in the expression of the AngII receptor type I a and activation of signaling at 100-fold lower levels of AngII in the mutant compared with wild-type cells. Furthermore, disruption of smooth muscle α-actin filaments in wild-type smooth muscle cells by various mechanisms activates nuclear factor κB signaling and increases expression of AngII receptor type I a. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that disruption of smooth muscle α-actin filaments in smooth muscle cells increases reactive oxygen species levels, activates nuclear factor κB signaling, and increases AngII receptor type I a expression, thus potentiating AngII signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells without an increase in the exogenous levels of AngII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Chen
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Andrew Peters
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Christina L Papke
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Carlos Villamizar
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Lea-Jeanne Ringuette
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Jiumei Cao
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Limin Gong
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Katerina L Byanova
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Jian Xiong
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Michael X Zhu
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Patrick Kee
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Allan R Brasier
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Elaine C Davis
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Siddharth Prakash
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Callie S Kwartler
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.).
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6
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Abstract
Elastic fibers are a major component of the extracellular matrix and are present in many tissues. Routine histology and standard electron microscopy procedures often do not allow for clear identification of elastic fibers making their organization and ultrastructure difficult to study. In this paper, we describe staining methods and procedures to enhance the contrast of elastin at both the light and electron microscope levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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7
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Chan W, Ismail H, Mayaki D, Sanchez V, Tiedemann K, Davis EC, Hussain SNA. Fibulin-5 Regulates Angiopoietin-1/Tie-2 Receptor Signaling in Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156994. [PMID: 27304216 PMCID: PMC4909301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibulin-5 is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays critical roles in vasculogenesis and embryonic development. Deletion of Fibulin-5 in mice results in enhanced skin vascularization and upregulation of the angiogenesis factor angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), suggesting that Fibulin-5 functions as an angiogenesis inhibitor. In this study, we investigate the inhibitory effects of Fibulin-5 on Ang-1/TIE-2 receptor pathway signaling and cell survival in human endothelial cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Recombinant wild-type and RGE-mutant Fibulin-5 proteins were generated through stable transfection of HEK293 and CHO cells, respectively. In vitro solid phase binding assays using pure proteins revealed that wild-type Fibulin-5 does not bind to Ang-1 or TIE-2 proteins but strongly binds to heparin. Binding assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) indicated that wild-type Fibulin-5 strongly binds to cells but RGE-mutant Fibulin-5, which is incapable of binding to integrins, does not. Pre-incubation of HUVECs for 1 hr with Fibulin-5 significantly increased caspase 3/7 activity, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and expressions of the transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) and the dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5). Fibulin-5 also strongly attenuated Ang-1-induced TIE-2 and AKT phosphorylation, decreased Ang-1-induced expressions of the transcription factors Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 (ID1) and Kruppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2), and reversed the inhibitory effect of Ang-1 on serum deprivation-induced cytotoxicity and caspase 3/7 activity. Conclusion/Significance We conclude that Fibulin-5 strongly binds to the endothelial cell surface through heparin-sulfate proteoglycans and possibly integrins and that it exerts strong anti-angiogenic effects by reducing endothelial cell viability and interfering with the signaling pathways of the Ang-1/TIE-2 receptor axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hodan Ismail
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Mayaki
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Veronica Sanchez
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kerstin Tiedemann
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University and Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elaine C. Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabah N. A. Hussain
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Yamashiro Y, Papke CL, Kim J, Ringuette LJ, Zhang QJ, Liu ZP, Mirzaei H, Wagenseil JE, Davis EC, Yanagisawa H. Abnormal mechanosensing and cofilin activation promote the progression of ascending aortic aneurysms in mice. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra105. [PMID: 26486174 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are intimately associated in the aortic wall. Fbln4(SMKO) mice with an SMC-specific deletion of the Fbln4 gene, which encodes the vascular ECM component fibulin-4, develop ascending aortic aneurysms that have increased abundance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); inhibiting angiotensin II signaling within the first month of life prevents aneurysm development. We used comparative proteomics analysis of Fbln4(SMKO) aortas from postnatal day (P) 1 to P30 mice to identify key molecules involved in aneurysm initiation and expansion. At P14, the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin was dephosphorylated and thus activated, and at P7, the abundance of slingshot-1 (SSH1) phosphatase, an activator of cofilin, was increased, leading to actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Also, by P7, biomechanical changes and underdeveloped elastic lamina-SMC connections were evident, and the abundance of early growth response 1 (Egr1), a mechanosensitive transcription factor that stimulates ACE expression, was increased, which was before the increases in ACE abundance and cofilin activation. Postnatal deletion of Fbln4 in SMCs at P7 prevented cofilin activation and aneurysm formation, suggesting that these processes required disruption of elastic lamina-SMC connections. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in the angiotensin II-mediated activation of SSH1, and administration of PI3K inhibitors from P7 to P30 decreased SSH1 abundance and prevented aneurysms. These results suggest that aneurysm formation arises from abnormal mechanosensing of SMCs resulting from the loss of elastic lamina-SMC connections and from increased SSH1 and cofilin activity, which may be potential therapeutic targets for treating ascending aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christina L Papke
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jungsil Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lea-Jeanne Ringuette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Qing-Jun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hamid Mirzaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Proteomics Core Unit, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
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9
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Papke CL, Tsunezumi J, Ringuette LJ, Nagaoka H, Terajima M, Yamashiro Y, Urquhart G, Yamauchi M, Davis EC, Yanagisawa H. Loss of fibulin-4 disrupts collagen synthesis and maturation: implications for pathology resulting from EFEMP2 mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2015. [PMID: 26220971 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous recessive mutations in either EFEMP2 (encoding fibulin-4) or FBLN5 (encoding fibulin-5), critical genes for elastogenesis, lead to autosomal recessive cutis laxa types 1B and 1A, respectively. Previously, fibulin-4 was shown to bind lysyl oxidase (LOX), an elastin/collagen cross-linking enzyme, in vitro. Consistently, reported defects in humans with EFEMP2 mutations are more severe and broad in range than those due to FBLN5 mutations and encompass both elastin-rich and collagen-rich tissues. However, the underlying disease mechanism in EFEMP2 mutations has not been fully addressed. Here, we show that fibulin-4 is important for the integrity of aortic collagen in addition to elastin. Smooth muscle-specific Efemp2 loss in mouse (termed SMKO) resulted in altered fibrillar collagen localization with larger, poorly organized fibrils. LOX activity was decreased in Efemp2-null cells, and collagen cross-linking was diminished in SMKO aortas; however, elastin cross-linking was unaffected and the level of mature LOX was maintained to that of wild-type aortas. Proteomic screening identified multiple proteins involved in procollagen processing and maturation as potential fibulin-4-binding partners. We showed that fibulin-4 binds procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 1 (Pcolce), which enhances proteolytic cleavage of the procollagen C-terminal propeptide during procollagen processing. Interestingly, however, procollagen cleavage was not affected by the presence or absence of fibulin-4 in vitro. Thus, our data indicate that fibulin-4 serves as a potential scaffolding protein during collagen maturation in the extracellular space. Analysis of collagen in other tissues affected by fibulin-4 loss should further increase our understanding of underlying pathologic mechanisms in patients with EFEMP2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Papke
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Tsunezumi
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Léa-Jeanne Ringuette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hideaki Nagaoka
- NC Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- NC Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and
| | - Yoshito Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA, Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Greg Urquhart
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- NC Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA and
| | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA, Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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10
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Chen J, Kwartler C, Papke CL, Peters A, Ringuette LJ, Cao J, Wang S, Villamizar C, Byanova KL, Madonna R, Kee P, Geng YJ, Brasier AR, Davis EC, Prakash S, Milewicz DM. Abstract 458: Loss of Smooth Muscle α-actin in Mice Results in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms via Increased Reactive Oxygen Species, Increased Nox4,and Increased Angiotensin II type 1 Receptor-Mediated Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
ACTA2 mutations cause 10-14% of familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Mice deficient in smooth muscle α-actin (Acta2-/-) develop root and ascending thoracic aortic enlargement associated with thickening of the aortic media and fragmentation and disarray of elastic fibers. We hypothesized that blocking AT1 activation would block the aortic pathology and prevent aortic enlargement in Acta2-/- mice.
Methods and Results:
Beginning at 4 weeks of age, Acta2-/- mice were treated with losartan or placebo (n≥10) for 6 months and echocardiograms were performed at baseline and every other month. The aortic root in Acta2-/- mice was found to undergo progressive dilatation. After 6 months of treatment, there was no difference in the diameter of the aortic root between wild-type (WT) mice and the losartan treated mice (p=0.44). Histologic analysis of Acta2-/- aortas demonstrated medial thickening and fragmentation of elastic fibers which was normalized by treatment with losartan. Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (Mmp2, Mmp9), along with lumican and decorin, interleukin-6 (Il6) and phosphorylation of RelA (a subunit of nuclear factor κB, NF-κB) was increased in Acta2-/- aortas, and was corrected by treatment with losartan. NADPH oxidase 4 and AT1a mRNA was increased in Acta2-/- aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and aortas. Increase of AT1a was blocked by lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) with N-actetyl cysteine (NAC). Angiotensin II (AngII) dose response studies suggested Acta2-/- aortic SMCs had increased sensitivity to Ang II. Additionally, Acta2-/- SMCs had increased ROS compared to WT by flow cytometry (P<0.05). Increased ROS was also observed in aortic samples derived from Acta2-/- mice. Blocking ROS using NAC attenuated aneurysm formation by reducing the expression of Mmps and IL6 and reducing signaling through AT1 in Acta2-/- mice. Genetic deletion of AT1a attenuated ROS and expression of Mmps and IL6 levels in the Acta2-/-aortas but not to WT levels.
Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that complete loss of α-SMA leads to aortic dilation and pathologic changes by increasing SMC ROS levels, thus increasing sensitivity to AngII, which results in NF-κB activation and increased expression of Mmps and IL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Chen
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Callie Kwartler
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Christina L Papke
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew Peters
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jiumei Cao
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Carlos Villamizar
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Katerina L Byanova
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick Kee
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Depts of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ of Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Elaine C Davis
- 3Dept of Anatomy and Physiology, Univ Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Siddharth Prakash
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Dept of Internal Medicine, The Univ of Texas Health Science Cntr at Houston, Houston, TX
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Su CT, Huang JW, Chiang CK, Lawrence EC, Levine KL, Dabovic B, Jung C, Davis EC, Madan-Khetarpal S, Urban Z. Latent transforming growth factor binding protein 4 regulates transforming growth factor beta receptor stability. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4024-36. [PMID: 25882708 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for the latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4 (LTBP4) cause autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1C. To understand the molecular disease mechanisms of this disease, we investigated the impact of LTBP4 loss on transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling. Despite elevated extracellular TGFβ activity, downstream signaling molecules of the TGFβ pathway, including pSMAD2 and pERK, were down-regulated in LTBP4 mutant human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, TGFβ receptors 1 and 2 (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2) were reduced at the protein but not at the ribonucleic acid level. Treatment with exogenous TGFβ1 led to an initially rapid increase in SMAD2 phosphorylation followed by a sustained depression of phosphorylation and receptor abundance. In mutant cells TGFBR1 was co-localized with lysosomes. Treatment with a TGFBR1 kinase inhibitor, endocytosis inhibitors or a lysosome inhibitor, normalized the levels of TGFBR1 and TGFBR2. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated a molecular interaction between LTBP4 and TGFBR2. Knockdown of LTBP4 reduced TGFβ receptor abundance and signaling in normal cells and supplementation of recombinant LTBP4 enhanced these measures in mutant cells. In a mouse model of Ltbp4 deficiency, reduced TGFβ signaling and receptor levels were normalized upon TGFBR1 kinase inhibitor treatment. Our results show that LTBP4 interacts with TGFBR2 and stabilizes TGFβ receptors by preventing their endocytosis and lysosomal degradation in a ligand-dependent and receptor kinase activity-dependent manner. These findings identify LTBP4 as a key molecule required for the stability of the TGFβ receptor complex, and a new mechanism by which the extracellular matrix regulates cytokine receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Su
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree Hall A300, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jenq-Wen Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College and Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College and Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth C Lawrence
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree Hall A300, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kara L Levine
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree Hall A300, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Branka Dabovic
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christine Jung
- Practice of Human Genetics, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany, Synlab MVZ Human Genetics, Mannheim 68163, Germany
| | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada and
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Zsolt Urban
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Crabtree Hall A300, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA,
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12
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Hinderer S, Shena N, Ringuette LJ, Hansmann J, Reinhardt DP, Brucker SY, Davis EC, Schenke-Layland K. In vitro elastogenesis: instructing human vascular smooth muscle cells to generate an elastic fiber-containing extracellular matrix scaffold. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:034102. [PMID: 25784676 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/3/034102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are essential for the proper function of organs including cardiovascular tissues such as heart valves and blood vessels. Although (tropo)elastin production in a tissue-engineered construct has previously been described, the assembly to functional elastic fibers in vitro using human cells has been highly challenging. In the present study, we seeded primary isolated human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) onto 3D electrospun scaffolds and exposed them to defined laminar shear stress using a customized bioreactor system. Increased elastin expression followed by elastin deposition onto the electrospun scaffolds, as well as on newly formed fibers, was observed after six days. Most interestingly, we identified the successful deposition of elastogenesis-associated proteins, including fibrillin-1 and -2, fibulin-4 and -5, fibronectin, elastin microfibril interface located protein 1 (EMILIN-1) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) within our engineered constructs. Ultrastructural analyses revealed a developing extracellular matrix (ECM) similar to native human fetal tissue, which is composed of collagens, microfibrils and elastin. To conclude, the combination of a novel dynamic flow bioreactor and an electrospun hybrid polymer scaffold allowed the production and assembly of an elastic fiber-containing ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Hinderer
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Mofarrahi M, McClung JM, Kontos CD, Davis EC, Tappuni B, Moroz N, Pickett AE, Huck L, Harel S, Danialou G, Hussain SNA. Angiopoietin-1 enhances skeletal muscle regeneration in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R576-89. [PMID: 25608750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00267.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Activation of muscle progenitor cell myogenesis and endothelial cell angiogenesis is critical for the recovery of skeletal muscle from injury. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), a ligand of Tie-2 receptors, enhances angiogenesis and skeletal muscle satellite cell survival; however, its role in skeletal muscle regeneration after injury is unknown. We assessed the effects of Ang-1 on fiber regeneration, myogenesis, and angiogenesis in injured skeletal muscle (tibialis anterior, TA) in mice. We also assessed endogenous Ang-1 levels and localization in intact and injured TA muscles. TA fiber injury was triggered by cardiotoxin injection. Endogenous Ang-1 mRNA levels immediately decreased in response to cardiotoxin then increased during the 2 wk. Ang-1 protein was expressed in satellite cells, both in noninjured and recovering TA muscles. Positive Ang-1 staining was present in blood vessels but not in nerve fibers. Four days after the initiation of injury, injection of adenoviral Ang-1 into injured muscles resulted in significant increases in in situ TA muscle contractility, muscle fiber regeneration, and capillary density. In cultured human skeletal myoblasts, recombinant Ang-1 protein increased survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation into myotubes. The latter effect was associated with significant upregulation of the expression of the myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and Myogenin and certain genes involved in cell cycle regulation. We conclude that Ang-1 strongly enhances skeletal muscle regeneration in response to fiber injury and that this effect is mediated through induction of the myogenesis program in muscle progenitor cells and the angiogenesis program in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroo Mofarrahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center and the Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher D Kontos
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center and the Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Bassman Tappuni
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolay Moroz
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amy E Pickett
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Laurent Huck
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharon Harel
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gawiyou Danialou
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Département des sciences de la nature, Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabah N A Hussain
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada;
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14
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Dabovic B, Robertson IB, Zilberberg L, Vassallo M, Davis EC, Rifkin DB. Function of latent TGFβ binding protein 4 and fibulin 5 in elastogenesis and lung development. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:226-36. [PMID: 24962333 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mice deficient in Latent TGFβ Binding Protein 4 (Ltbp4) display a defect in lung septation and elastogenesis. The lung septation defect is normalized by genetically decreasing TGFβ2 levels. However, the elastic fiber assembly is not improved in Tgfb2(-/-) ;Ltbp4S(-/-) compared to Ltbp4S(-/-) lungs. We found that decreased levels of TGFβ1 or TGFβ3 did not improve lung septation indicating that the TGFβ isoform elevated in Ltbp4S(-/-) lungs is TGFβ2. Expression of a form of Ltbp4 that could not bind latent TGFβ did not affect lung phenotype indicating that normal lung development does not require the formation of LTBP4-latent TGFβ complexes. Therefore, the change in TGFβ-level in the lungs is not directly related to Ltbp4 deficiency but probably is a consequence of changes in the extracellular matrix. Interestingly, combination of the Ltbp4S(-/-) mutation with a fibulin-5 null mutant in Fbln5(-/-) ;Ltbp4S(-/-) mice improves the lung septation compared to Ltbp4S(-/-) lungs. Large globular elastin aggregates characteristic for Ltbp4S(-/-) lungs do not form in Fbln5(-/-) ;Ltbp4S(-/-) lungs and EM studies showed that elastic fibers in Fbln5(-/-) ;Ltbp4S(-/-) lungs resemble those found in Fbln5(-/-) mice. These results are consistent with a role for TGFβ2 in lung septation and for Ltbp4 in regulating fibulin-5 dependent elastic fiber assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Dabovic
- Departments of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Khavandgar Z, Roman H, Li J, Lee S, Vali H, Brinckmann J, Davis EC, Murshed M. Elastin haploinsufficiency impedes the progression of arterial calcification in MGP-deficient mice. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:327-37. [PMID: 23857752 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Matrix gla protein (MGP) is a potent inhibitor of extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. MGP-deficiency in humans leads to Keutel syndrome, a rare genetic disease hallmarked by abnormal soft tissue calcification. MGP-deficient (Mgp(-/-)) mice show progressive deposition of hydroxyapatite minerals in the arterial walls and die within 2 months of age. The mechanism of antimineralization function of MGP is not fully understood. We examined the progression of vascular calcification and expression of several chondrogenic/osteogenic markers in the thoracic aortas of Mgp(-/-) mice at various ages. Although cells with chondrocyte-like morphology have been reported in the calcified aorta, our gene expression data indicate that chondrogenic/osteogenic markers are not upregulated in the arteries prior to the initiation of calcification. Interestingly, arterial calcification in Mgp(-/-) mice appears first in the elastic laminae. Considering the known mineral scaffolding function of elastin (ELN), a major elastic lamina protein, we hypothesize that elastin content in the laminae is a critical determinant for arterial calcification in Mgp(-/-) mice. To investigate this, we performed micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histological analyses of the aortas of Mgp(-/-);Eln(+/-) mice and show that elastin haploinsufficiency significantly reduces arterial calcification in this strain. Our data suggest that MGP deficiency leads to alterations of vascular ECM that may in turn initiate arterial calcification.
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16
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Gabehart KE, Royce SG, Maselli DJ, Miyasato SK, Davis EC, Tang MLK, Jourdan Le Saux C. Airway hyperresponsiveness is associated with airway remodeling but not inflammation in aging Cav1-/- mice. Respir Res 2013; 14:110. [PMID: 24138138 PMCID: PMC4015038 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation and airway remodeling are the key contributors to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a characteristic feature of asthma. Both processes are regulated by Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β. Caveolin 1 (Cav1) is a membrane bound protein that binds to a variety of receptor and signaling proteins, including the TGF-β receptors. We hypothesized that caveolin-1 deficiency promotes structural alterations of the airways that develop with age will predispose to an increased response to allergen challenge. Methods AHR was measured in Cav1-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice 1 to 12 months of age to examine the role of Cav1 in AHR and the relative contribution of inflammation and airway remodeling. AHR was then measured in Cav1-/- and WT mice after an ovalbumin-allergen challenge performed at either 2 months of age, when remodeling in Cav1-/- and WT mice was equivalent, and at 6 months of age, when the Cav1-/- mice had established airway remodeling. Results Cav1-/- mice developed increased thickness of the subepithelial layer and a correspondingly increased AHR as they aged. In addition, allergen-challenged Cav1-/- mice had an increase in AHR greater than WT mice that was largely independent of inflammation. Cav1-/- mice challenged at 6 months of age have decreased AHR compared to those challenged at 2 months with correspondingly decreased BAL IL-4 and IL-5 levels, inflammatory cell counts and percentage of eosinophils. In addition, in response to OVA challenge, the number of goblet cells and α-SMA positive cells in the airways were reduced with age in response to OVA challenge in contrast to an increased collagen deposition further enhanced in absence of Cav1. Conclusion A lack of Cav1 contributed to the thickness of the subepithelial layer in mice as they aged resulting in an increase in AHR independent of inflammation, demonstrating the important contribution of airway structural changes to AHR. In addition, age in the Cav1-/- mice is a contributing factor to airway remodeling in the response to allergen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claude Jourdan Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A, Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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17
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Gerber EE, Gallo EM, Fontana SC, Davis EC, Wigley FM, Huso DL, Dietz HC. Integrin-modulating therapy prevents fibrosis and autoimmunity in mouse models of scleroderma. Nature 2013; 503:126-30. [PMID: 24107997 PMCID: PMC3992987 DOI: 10.1038/nature12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In systemic sclerosis (SSc), a common and aetiologically mysterious form of scleroderma (defined as pathological fibrosis of the skin), previously healthy adults acquire fibrosis of the skin and viscera in association with autoantibodies. Familial recurrence is extremely rare and causal genes have not been identified. Although the onset of fibrosis in SSc typically correlates with the production of autoantibodies, whether they contribute to disease pathogenesis or simply serve as a marker of disease remains controversial and the mechanism for their induction is largely unknown. The study of SSc is hindered by a lack of animal models that recapitulate the aetiology of this complex disease. To gain a foothold in the pathogenesis of pathological skin fibrosis, we studied stiff skin syndrome (SSS), a rare but tractable Mendelian disorder leading to childhood onset of diffuse skin fibrosis with autosomal dominant inheritance and complete penetrance. We showed previously that SSS is caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the gene (FBN1) encoding fibrillin-1, the main constituent of extracellular microfibrils. SSS mutations all localize to the only domain in fibrillin-1 that harbours an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif needed to mediate cell-matrix interactions by binding to cell-surface integrins. Here we show that mouse lines harbouring analogous amino acid substitutions in fibrillin-1 recapitulate aggressive skin fibrosis that is prevented by integrin-modulating therapies and reversed by antagonism of the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Mutant mice show skin infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells including plasmacytoid dendritic cells, T helper cells and plasma cells, and also autoantibody production; these findings are normalized by integrin-modulating therapies or TGF-β antagonism. These results show that alterations in cell-matrix interactions are sufficient to initiate and sustain inflammatory and pro-fibrotic programmes and highlight new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Gerber
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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18
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Urban Z, Davis EC. Cutis laxa: intersection of elastic fiber biogenesis, TGFβ signaling, the secretory pathway and metabolism. Matrix Biol 2013; 33:16-22. [PMID: 23954411 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutis laxa (CL), a disease characterized by redundant and inelastic skin, displays extensive locus heterogeneity. Together with geroderma osteodysplasticum and arterial tortuosity syndrome, which show phenotypic overlap with CL, eleven CL-related genes have been identified to date, which encode proteins within 3 groups. Elastin, fibulin-4, fibulin-5 and latent transforming growth factor-β-binding protein 4 are secreted proteins which form elastic fibers and are involved in the sequestration and subsequent activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). Proteins within the second group, localized to the secretory pathway, perform transport and membrane trafficking functions necessary for the modification and secretion of elastic fiber components. Key proteins include a subunit of the vacuolar-type proton pump, which ensures the efficient secretion of tropoelastin, the precursor or elastin. A copper transporter is required for the activity of lysyl oxidases, which crosslink collagen and elastin. A Rab6-interacting goglin recruits kinesin motors to Golgi-vesicles facilitating the transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. The Rab and Ras interactor 2 regulates the activity of Rab5, a small guanosine triphosphatase essential for the endocytosis of various cell surface receptors, including integrins. Proteins of the third group related to CL perform metabolic functions within the mitochondria, inhibiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Two of these proteins catalyze subsequent steps in the conversion of glutamate to proline. The third transports dehydroascorbate into mitochondria. Recent studies on CL-related proteins highlight the intricate connections among membrane trafficking, metabolism, extracellular matrix assembly, and TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Urban
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7 Canada
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19
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Mofarrahi M, Guo Y, Haspel JA, Choi AMK, Davis EC, Gouspillou G, Hepple RT, Godin R, Burelle Y, Hussain SNA. Autophagic flux and oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles during acute starvation. Autophagy 2013; 9:1604-20. [PMID: 23955121 DOI: 10.4161/auto.25955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important proteolytic pathway in skeletal muscles. The roles of muscle fiber type composition and oxidative capacity remain unknown in relation to autophagy. The diaphragm (DIA) is a fast-twitch muscle fiber with high oxidative capacity, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle is a fast-twitch muscle fiber with low oxidative capacity, and the soleus muscle (SOL) is a slow-twitch muscle with high oxidative capacity. We hypothesized that oxidative capacity is a major determinant of autophagy in skeletal muscles. Following acute (24 h) starvation of adult C57/Bl6 mice, each muscle was assessed for autophagy and compared with controls. Autophagy was measured by monitoring autophagic flux following leupeptin (20 mg/kg) or colchicine (0.4 mg/kg/day) injection. Oxidative capacity was measured by monitoring citrate synthase activity. In control mice, autophagic flux values were significantly greater in the TA than in the DIA and SOL. In acutely starved mice, autophagic flux increased, most markedly in the TA, and several key autophagy-related genes were significantly induced. In both control and starved mice, there was a negative linear correlation of autophagic flux with citrate synthase activity. Starvation significantly induced AMPK phosphorylation and inhibited AKT and RPS6KB1 phosphorylation, again most markedly in the TA. Starvation induced Foxo1, Foxo3, and Foxo4 expression and attenuated the phosphorylation of their gene products. We conclude that both basal and starvation-induced autophagic flux are greater in skeletal muscles with low oxidative capacity as compared with those with high oxidative capacity and that this difference is mediated through selective activation of the AMPK pathway and inhibition of the AKT-MTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroo Mofarrahi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine; McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories; Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yeting Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine; McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories; Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA USA
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA USA
| | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine; McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories; Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Critical Care Medicine; McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories; Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Godin
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Université de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yan Burelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Université de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabah N A Hussain
- Department of Critical Care Medicine; McGill University Health Centre and Meakins-Christie Laboratories; Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montréal, Québec, Canada
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20
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Quinn MCJ, Wojnarowicz PM, Pickett A, Provencher DM, Mes-Masson AM, Davis EC, Tonin PN. FKBP10/FKBP65 expression in high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma and its association with patient outcome. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:912-20. [PMID: 23354471 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent loss of chromosome 17 in epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC), particularly high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), has been attributed to the disruption of TP53 (at 17p13.1) and other chromosome 17 genes suspected to play a role in tumour suppressor pathways. In a transcriptome analysis of HGSC, we showed underexpression of a number of chromosome 17 genes, which included FKBP10 (at 17q21.1) and collagen I α 1 (COL1A1; at 17q21.33). FKBP10 codes for the immunophilin FKBP65 and is suspected to act as a chaperone for COL1A1. We have investigated FKBP10 (gene) and FKBP65 (protein) expression in HGSC samples and EOC cell lines that differ in their tumourigenic potential. COL1A1 expression was also investigated given the purported function of FKBP65. RT-PCR analysis verified underexpression of FKBP10 and COL1A1 in HGSCs (n=14) and six tumourigenic EOC cell lines, relative to normal ovarian surface epithelial cells and a non-tumourigenic EOC cell line. Immunohistochemistry analyses of 196 HGSC samples using tissue microarrays revealed variable staining intensities in the epithelial tumour component where only 7.8% and 1.0% of samples stained intensely for FKBP65 and COL1A1, respectively. Variable staining intensities were also observed for the stromal component where 23.6% and 24.1% stained intensely for FKBP65 and COL1A1, respectively. There was no significant correlation of staining intensity of either protein with disease stage. Staining of FKBP65 was clearly visible in normal epithelial cells of the ovarian surface and fallopian tube. There was a significant correlation between absence of FKBP65 staining in the epithelial cell component of the tumour and prolonged overall survival (p<0.001). Our results suggest that underexpression of FKBP65 protein is characteristic of HGSCs and that this expression profile may be linked to molecular pathways associated with an unfavourable outcome in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C J Quinn
- Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre/Montreal Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Gambaro K, Quinn MCJ, Wojnarowicz PM, Arcand SL, de Ladurantaye M, Barrès V, Ripeau JS, Killary AM, Davis EC, Lavoie J, Provencher DM, Mes-Masson AM, Chevrette M, Tonin PN. VGLL3 expression is associated with a tumor suppressor phenotype in epithelial ovarian cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:513-30. [PMID: 23415753 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated vestigial like 3 (VGLL3), a chromosome 3p12.3 gene that encodes a putative transcription co-factor, as a candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSC), the most common type of epithelial ovarian cancer. A complementation analysis based on microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) using a centric fragment of chromosome 3 (der3p12-q12.1) into the OV-90 ovarian cancer cell line haploinsufficient for 3p and lacking VGLL3 expression was performed to assess the effect on tumorigenic potential and growth characteristics. Genetic characterization of the derived MMCT hybrids revealed that only the hybrid that contained an intact VGLL3 locus exhibited alterations of tumorigenic potential in a nude mouse xenograft model and various in vitro growth characteristics. Only stable OV-90 transfectant clones expressing low levels of VGLL3 were derived. These clones exhibited an altered cytoplasmic morphology characterized by numerous single membrane bound multivesicular-bodies (MVB) that were not attributed to autophagy. Overexpression of VGLL3 in OV-90 was achieved using a lentivirus-based tetracycline inducible gene expression system, which also resulted in MVB formation in the infected cell population. Though there was no significant differences in various in vitro and in vivo growth characteristics in a comparison of VGLL3-expressing clones with empty vector transfectant controls, loss of VGLL3 expression was observed in tumors derived from mouse xenograft models. VGLL3 gene and protein expression was significantly reduced in HGSC samples (>98%, p < 0.05) relative to either normal ovarian surface epithelial cells or epithelial cells of the fallopian tube, possible tissues of origin of HGSC. Also, there appeared to be to be more cases with higher staining levels in stromal tissue component from HGSC cases that had a prolonged disease-free survival. The results taken together suggest that VGLL3 is involved in tumor suppressor pathways, a feature that is characterized by the absence of VGLL3 expression in HGSC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gambaro
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada
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Schwarze U, Cundy T, Pyott SM, Christiansen HE, Hegde MR, Bank RA, Pals G, Ankala A, Conneely K, Seaver L, Yandow SM, Raney E, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Stoler J, Ben-Neriah Z, Segel R, Lieberman S, Siderius L, Al-Aqeel A, Hannibal M, Hudgins L, McPherson E, Clemens M, Sussman MD, Steiner RD, Mahan J, Smith R, Anyane-Yeboa K, Wynn J, Chong K, Uster T, Aftimos S, Sutton VR, Davis EC, Kim LS, Weis MA, Eyre D, Byers PH. Mutations in FKBP10, which result in Bruck syndrome and recessive forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, inhibit the hydroxylation of telopeptide lysines in bone collagen. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1-17. [PMID: 22949511 PMCID: PMC3606010 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although biallelic mutations in non-collagen genes account for <10% of individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta, the characterization of these genes has identified new pathways and potential interventions that could benefit even those with mutations in type I collagen genes. We identified mutations in FKBP10, which encodes the 65 kDa prolyl cis-trans isomerase, FKBP65, in 38 members of 21 families with OI. These include 10 families from the Samoan Islands who share a founder mutation. Of the mutations, three are missense; the remainder either introduce premature termination codons or create frameshifts both of which result in mRNA instability. In four families missense mutations result in loss of most of the protein. The clinical effects of these mutations are short stature, a high incidence of joint contractures at birth and progressive scoliosis and fractures, but there is remarkable variability in phenotype even within families. The loss of the activity of FKBP65 has several effects: type I procollagen secretion is slightly delayed, the stabilization of the intact trimer is incomplete and there is diminished hydroxylation of the telopeptide lysyl residues involved in intermolecular cross-link formation in bone. The phenotype overlaps with that seen with mutations in PLOD2 (Bruck syndrome II), which encodes LH2, the enzyme that hydroxylates the telopeptide lysyl residues. These findings define a set of genes, FKBP10, PLOD2 and SERPINH1, that act during procollagen maturation to contribute to molecular stability and post-translational modification of type I procollagen, without which bone mass and quality are abnormal and fractures and contractures result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Cundy
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ, USA
| | | | | | - Madhuri R. Hegde
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruud A. Bank
- Department of Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arunkanth Ankala
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laurie Seaver
- Kapi'olani Medical Specialists and Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Yandow
- Kapi'olani Medical Specialists and Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ellen Raney
- Kapi'olani Medical Specialists and Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Joan Stoler
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Reeval Segel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sari Lieberman
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Aida Al-Aqeel
- Department of Pediatrics, Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Hannibal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert D. Steiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John Mahan
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rosemarie Smith
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Kwame Anyane-Yeboa
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Chong
- Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tami Uster
- Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salim Aftimos
- Northern Regional Genetics Services, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - V. Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA and
| | - Elaine C. Davis
- Department of Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry, and
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23
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Souza CM, Davidson D, Rhee I, Gratton JP, Davis EC, Veillette A. The phosphatase PTP-PEST/PTPN12 regulates endothelial cell migration and adhesion, but not permeability, and controls vascular development and embryonic viability. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43180-90. [PMID: 23105101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.387456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-PEST (PTPN12) is ubiquitously expressed. It is essential for normal embryonic development and embryonic viability in mice. Herein we addressed the involvement of PTP-PEST in endothelial cell functions using a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches. By generating primary endothelial cells from an inducible PTP-PEST-deficient mouse, we found that PTP-PEST is not needed for endothelial cell differentiation and proliferation or for the control of endothelial cell permeability. Nevertheless, it is required for integrin-mediated adhesion and migration of endothelial cells. PTP-PEST-deficient endothelial cells displayed increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas, paxillin, and Pyk2, which were previously also implicated in integrin functions. By eliminating PTP-PEST in endothelial cells in vivo, we obtained evidence that expression of PTP-PEST in endothelial cells is required for normal vascular development and embryonic viability. Therefore, PTP-PEST is a key regulator of integrin-mediated functions in endothelial cells seemingly through its capacity to control Cas, paxillin, and Pyk2. This function explains at least in part the essential role of PTP-PEST in embryonic development and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton Martins Souza
- Laboratories of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
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24
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Mofarrahi M, Sigala I, Guo Y, Godin R, Davis EC, Petrof B, Sandri M, Burelle Y, Hussain SNA. Autophagy and skeletal muscles in sepsis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47265. [PMID: 23056618 PMCID: PMC3467208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial injury develops in skeletal muscles during the course of severe sepsis. Autophagy is a protein and organelle recycling pathway which functions to degrade or recycle unnecessary, redundant, or inefficient cellular components. No information is available regarding the degree of sepsis-induced mitochondrial injury and autophagy in the ventilatory and locomotor muscles. This study tests the hypotheses that the locomotor muscles are more prone to sepsis-induced mitochondrial injury, depressed biogenesis and autophagy induction compared with the ventilatory muscles. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Adult male C57/Bl6 mice were injected with i.p. phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20 mg/kg) and sacrificed 24 h later. The tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOLD) and diaphragm (DIA) muscles were quickly excised and examined for mitochondrial morphological injury, Ca(++) retention capacity and biogenesis. Autophagy was detected with electron microscopy, lipidation of Lc3b proteins and by measuring gene expression of several autophagy-related genes. Electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural injuries in the mitochondria of each muscle, however, injuries were more severe in the TA and SOL muscles than they were in the DIA. Gene expressions of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA transcription factors and co-activators (indicators of biogenesis) were significantly depressed in all treated muscles, although to a greater extent in the TA and SOL muscles. Significant autophagosome formation, Lc3b protein lipidation and upregulation of autophagy-related proteins were detected to a greater extent in the TA and SOL muscles and less so in the DIA. Lipidation of Lc3b and the degree of induction of autophagy-related proteins were significantly blunted in mice expressing a muscle-specific IκBα superrepresor. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that locomotor muscles are more prone to sepsis-induced mitochondrial injury, decreased biogenesis and increased autophagy compared with the ventilatory muscles and that autophagy in skeletal muscles during sepsis is regulated in part through the NFκB transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahroo Mofarrahi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ioanna Sigala
- George P. Livanos Laboratory, Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Yeting Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Godin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elaine C. Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Basil Petrof
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marco Sandri
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Yan Burelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabah N. A. Hussain
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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25
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Jin J, Arif B, Garcia-Fernandez F, Ennis TL, Davis EC, Thompson RW, Curci JA. Novel mechanism of aortic aneurysm development in mice associated with smoking and leukocytes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2901-9. [PMID: 23042818 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential mechanisms promoting abdominal aortic aneurysm development with tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments used the elastase perfusion model of abdominal aortic aneurysms with smoke-free controls. The effect of TS exposure was evaluated in C57/Bl6 mice, after broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibition with doxycycline and in mice deficient in matrix metalloproteinase-9, matrix metalloproteinase-12, Cathepsin-S, and Neutrophil Elastase. Preparations of washed marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood leukocytes were transferred to smoke-free mice from 6-week TS-exposed mice or smoke-free mice. All mice were euthanized 14 days after elastase perfusion, and the percentage of change in aortic diameter (%Δ aortic diameter) was calculated. Electron microscopy of aortic tissue from animals exposed to TS without elastase exposure did not demonstrate any ultrastructural changes. Neither doxycycline nor any specific elastase deficiency was effective at preventing an increase in %Δ aortic diameter in TS-exposed animals. Smoke exposure for 6 weeks increased the %Δ aortic diameter after a smoke-free interval of up to 6 weeks before elastase perfusion. Leukocyte preparations from TS-exposed mice localized to abdominal aortic aneurysms and increased the %Δ aortic diameter in smoke-free mice. CONCLUSIONS The effect of TS on the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms is not dependent on the activity of elastolytic enzymes and persists for long periods despite cessation of TS. Alterations in leukocyte response to aortic injury appear to mediate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Jin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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26
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Callewaert B, Su CT, Van Damme T, Vlummens P, Malfait F, Vanakker O, Schulz B, Mac Neal M, Davis EC, Lee JGH, Salhi A, Unger S, Heimdal K, De Almeida S, Kornak U, Gaspar H, Bresson JL, Prescott K, Gosendi ME, Mansour S, Piérard GE, Madan-Khetarpal S, Sciurba FC, Symoens S, Coucke PJ, Van Maldergem L, Urban Z, De Paepe A. Comprehensive clinical and molecular analysis of 12 families with type 1 recessive cutis laxa. Hum Mutat 2012; 34:111-21. [PMID: 22829427 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type I (ARCL type I) is characterized by generalized cutis laxa with pulmonary emphysema and/or vascular complications. Rarely, mutations can be identified in FBLN4 or FBLN5. Recently, LTBP4 mutations have been implicated in a similar phenotype. Studying FBLN4, FBLN5, and LTBP4 in 12 families with ARCL type I, we found bi-allelic FBLN5 mutations in two probands, whereas nine probands harbored biallelic mutations in LTBP4. FBLN5 and LTBP4 mutations cause a very similar phenotype associated with severe pulmonary emphysema, in the absence of vascular tortuosity or aneurysms. Gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract involvement seems to be more severe in patients with LTBP4 mutations. Functional studies showed that most premature termination mutations in LTBP4 result in severely reduced mRNA and protein levels. This correlated with increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) activity. However, one mutation, c.4127dupC, escaped nonsense-mediated decay. The corresponding mutant protein (p.Arg1377Alafs(*) 27) showed reduced colocalization with fibronectin, leading to an abnormal morphology of microfibrils in fibroblast cultures, while retaining normal TGFβ activity. We conclude that LTBP4 mutations cause disease through both loss of function and gain of function mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Sugitani H, Hirano E, Knutsen RH, Shifren A, Wagenseil JE, Ciliberto C, Kozel BA, Urban Z, Davis EC, Broekelmann TJ, Mecham RP. Alternative splicing and tissue-specific elastin misassembly act as biological modifiers of human elastin gene frameshift mutations associated with dominant cutis laxa. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:22055-67. [PMID: 22573328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.327940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin is the extracellular matrix protein in vertebrates that provides elastic recoil to blood vessels, the lung, and skin. Because the elastin gene has undergone significant changes in the primate lineage, modeling elastin diseases in non-human animals can be problematic. To investigate the pathophysiology underlying a class of elastin gene mutations leading to autosomal dominant cutis laxa, we engineered a cutis laxa mutation (single base deletion) into the human elastin gene contained in a bacterial artificial chromosome. When expressed as a transgene in mice, mutant elastin was incorporated into elastic fibers in the skin and lung with adverse effects on tissue function. In contrast, only low levels of mutant protein incorporated into aortic elastin, which explains why the vasculature is relatively unaffected in this disease. RNA stability studies found that alternative exon splicing acts as a modifier of disease severity by influencing the spectrum of mutant transcripts that survive nonsense-mediated decay. Our results confirm the critical role of the C-terminal region of tropoelastin in elastic fiber assembly and suggest tissue-specific differences in the elastin assembly pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sugitani
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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28
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Harvey J, Bergdahl A, Dadafarin H, Ling L, Davis EC, Omanovic S. An electrochemical method for functionalization of a 316L stainless steel surface being used as a stent in coronary surgery: irreversible immobilization of fibronectin for the enhancement of endothelial cell attachment. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1159-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Isenberg BC, Backman DE, Kinahan ME, Jesudason R, Suki B, Stone PJ, Davis EC, Wong JY. Micropatterned cell sheets with defined cell and extracellular matrix orientation exhibit anisotropic mechanical properties. J Biomech 2011; 45:756-61. [PMID: 22177672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For an arterial replacement graft to be effective, it must possess the appropriate strength in order to withstand long-term hemodynamic stress without failure, yet be compliant enough that the mismatch between the stiffness of the graft and the native vessel wall is minimized. The native vessel wall is a structurally complex tissue characterized by circumferentially oriented collagen fibers/cells and lamellar elastin. Besides the biochemical composition, the functional properties of the wall, including stiffness, depend critically on the structural organization. Therefore, it will be crucial to develop methods of producing tissues with defined structures in order to more closely mimic the properties of a native vessel. To this end, we sought to generate cell sheets that have specific ECM/cell organization using micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates to guide cell organization and tissue growth. The patterns consisted of large arrays of alternating grooves and ridges. Adult bovine aortic smooth muscle cells cultured on these substrates in the presence of ascorbic acid produced ECM-rich sheets several cell layers thick in which both the cells and ECM exhibited strong alignment in the direction of the micropattern. Moreover, mechanical testing revealed that the sheets exhibited mechanical anisotropy similar to that of native vessels with both the stiffness and strength being significantly larger in the direction of alignment, demonstrating that the microscale control of ECM organization results in functional changes in macroscale material behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett C Isenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, College of Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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30
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Willaert A, Khatri S, Callewaert BL, Coucke PJ, Crosby SD, Lee JGH, Davis EC, Shiva S, Tsang M, De Paepe A, Urban Z. GLUT10 is required for the development of the cardiovascular system and the notochord and connects mitochondrial function to TGFβ signaling. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:1248-59. [PMID: 22116938 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor signaling results in dramatic phenotypic changes in cells, which require commensurate alterations in cellular metabolism. Mutations in SLC2A10/GLUT10, a member of the facilitative glucose transporter family, are associated with altered transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling in patients with arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS). The objective of this work was to test whether SLC2A10/GLUT10 can serve as a link between TGFβ-related transcriptional regulation and metabolism during development. In zebrafish embryos, knockdown of slc2a10 using antisense morpholino oligonucleotide injection caused a wavy notochord and cardiovascular abnormalities with a reduced heart rate and blood flow, which was coupled with an incomplete and irregular vascular patterning. This was phenocopied by treatment with a small-molecule inhibitor of TGFβ receptor (tgfbr1/alk5). Array hybridization showed that the changes at the transcriptome level caused by the two treatments were highly correlated, revealing that a reduced tgfbr1 signaling is a key feature of ATS in early zebrafish development. Interestingly, a large proportion of the genes, which were specifically dysregulated after glut10 depletion gene and not by tgfbr1 inhibition, play a major role in mitochondrial function. Consistent with these results, slc2a10 morphants showed decreased respiration and reduced TGFβ reporter gene activity. Finally, co-injection of antisense morpholinos targeting slc2a10 and smad7 (a TGFβ inhibitor) resulted in a partial rescue of smad7 morphant phenotypes, suggesting scl2a10/glut10 functions downstream of smads. Taken together, glut10 is essential for cardiovascular development by facilitating both mitochondrial respiration and TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Willaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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31
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Jaffe M, Sesti C, Washington IM, Du L, Dronadula N, Chin MT, Stolz DB, Davis EC, Dichek DA. Transforming growth factor-β signaling in myogenic cells regulates vascular morphogenesis, differentiation, and matrix synthesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 32:e1-11. [PMID: 21979435 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.238410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is required for normal vascular development. We aimed to discover the role of TGF-β signaling in embryonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS We bred mice with smooth muscle (SM) 22α-Cre and Tgfbr2(flox) alleles to generate embryos in which the type II TGF-β receptor (TGFBR2; required for TGF-β signaling) was deleted in SMCs. Embryos were harvested between embryonic day (E) 9.5 and E18.5 and examined grossly, microscopically, and by histochemical and RNA analyses. SM22α-Cre(+/0) Tgfbr2(flox/flox) (knockout [KO]) embryos died before E15.5 with defects that included cardiac outflow tract abnormalities, persistence of the right dorsal aorta, and dilation of the distal aorta. Histological analyses suggested normal expression of SMC differentiation markers in KO aortas; however, RNA analyses showed that SMC differentiation markers were increased in KO cardiac outflow vessels but decreased in the descending aorta. KO aortas had only rare mature elastin deposits and contained abnormal aggregates of extracellular matrix proteins. Expression of several matrix proteins was significantly decreased in KO descending aortas but not in cardiac outflow vessels. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β signaling in SMCs controls differentiation, matrix synthesis, and vascular morphogenesis. Effects of TGF-β on SMC gene expression appear to differ depending on the location of SMCs in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Jaffe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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32
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Dabovic B, Chen Y, Choi J, Davis EC, Sakai LY, Todorovic V, Vassallo M, Zilberberg L, Singh A, Rifkin DB. Control of lung development by latent TGF-β binding proteins. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1499-509. [PMID: 20945348 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The latent TGF-β binding proteins (LTBP-1 -3, and -4) assist in the secretion and localization of latent TGF-β molecules. Ltbp3(-/-) and Ltbp4S(-/-) mice have distinct phenotypes and only in the lungs does deficiency of either Ltbp-3 or Ltbp-4 cause developmental abnormalities. To determine if these two LTBPs have additional common functions, we generated mice deficient for both Ltbp-3 and Ltbp-4S. The only novel defect in Ltbp3(-/-);Ltbp4S(-/-) mice was an early lethality compared to mice with single mutations. In addition lung abnormalities were exacerbated and the terminal air sac septation defect was more severe in Ltbp3(-/-);Ltbp4S(-/-) mice than in Ltbp4S(-/-) mice. Decreased cellularity of Ltbp3(-/-);Ltbp4S(-/-) lungs was correlated with higher rate of apoptosis in newborn lungs of Ltbp3(-/-);Ltbp4S(-/-) animals compared to WT, Ltbp3(-/-), and Ltbp4S(-/-) mice. No differences in the maturation of the major lung cell types were discerned between the single and double mutant mice. However, the distribution of type 2 cells and myofibroblasts was abnormal, and myofibroblast segregation in some areas might be an indication of early fibrosis. We also observed differences in ECM composition between Ltbp3(-/-);Ltbp4S(-/-) and Ltbp4S(-/-) lungs after birth, reflected in decreased incorporation of fibrillin-1 and -2 in Ltbp3(-/-);Ltbp4S(-/-) matrix. The function of the lungs of Ltbp3(-/-);Ltbp4S(-/-) mice after the first week of life was potentially further compromised by macrophage infiltration, as proteases secreted from macrophages might exacerbate developmental emphysema. Together these data indicate that LTBP-3 and -4 perform partially overlapping functions only in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Dabovic
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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33
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Budatha M, Roshanravan S, Zheng Q, Weislander C, Chapman SL, Davis EC, Starcher B, Word RA, Yanagisawa H. Extracellular matrix proteases contribute to progression of pelvic organ prolapse in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2048-59. [PMID: 21519142 DOI: 10.1172/jci45636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition affecting almost half of women over the age of 50. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this condition, however, remain poorly understood. Here we have reported that fibulin-5, an integrin-binding matricellular protein that is essential for elastic fiber assembly, regulated the activity of MMP-9 to maintain integrity of the vaginal wall and prevented development of POP. In murine vaginal stromal cells, fibulin-5 inhibited the β1 integrin-dependent, fibronectin-mediated upregulation of MMP-9. Mice in which the integrin-binding motif was mutated to an integrin-disrupting motif (Fbln5RGE/RGE) exhibited upregulation of MMP-9 in vaginal tissues. In contrast to fibulin-5 knockouts (Fbln5-/-), Fbln5RGE/RGE mice were able to form intact elastic fibers and did not exhibit POP. However, treatment of mice with β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of matrix cross-linking enzymes, induced subclinical POP. Conversely, deletion of Mmp9 in Fbln5-/- mice significantly attenuated POP by increasing elastic fiber density and improving collagen fibrils. Vaginal tissue samples from pre- and postmenopausal women with POP also displayed significantly increased levels of MMP-9. These results suggest that POP is an acquired disorder of extracellular matrix and that therapies targeting matrix proteases may be successful for preventing or ameliorating POP in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhan Budatha
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Nouvion AL, Oubaha M, LeBlanc S, Davis EC, Jastrow H, Kammerer R, Breton V, Turbide C, Ergun S, Gratton JP, Beauchemin N. CEACAM1: a key regulator of vascular permeability. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:4221-30. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.073635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface co-receptor expressed on epithelial, hematopoietic and endothelial cells. CEACAM1 functions as an adhesion molecule, mainly binding to itself or other members of the CEA family. We and others have previously shown that CEACAM1 is crucial for in vivo vascular integrity during ischemic neo-vascularization. Here, we have deciphered the roles of CEACAM1 in normal and pathological vascularization. We have found that Ceacam1−/− mice exhibit a significant increase in basal vascular permeability related to increased basal Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation in primary murine lung endothelial cells (MLECs). Moreover, CEACAM1 deletion in MLECs inhibits VEGF-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production, consistent with defective VEGF-dependent in vivo permeability in Ceacam1−/− mice. In addition, Ceacam1-null mice exhibit increased permeability of tumor vasculature. Finally, we demonstrate that CEACAM1 is tyrosine-phosphorylated upon VEGF treatment in a SHP-1- and Src-dependent manner, and that the key residues of the long cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM1 are crucial for CEACAM1 phosphorylation and NO production. This data represents the first report, to our knowledge, of a functional link between CEACAM1 and the VEGFR2/Akt/eNOS-mediated vascular permeability pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Nouvion
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Malika Oubaha
- Laboratory of Endothelial Cell Biology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 2T2, Canada
| | - Sarah LeBlanc
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Elaine C. Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Holger Jastrow
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Robert Kammerer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Valérie Breton
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Claire Turbide
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Suleyman Ergun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gratton
- Laboratory of Endothelial Cell Biology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 2T2, Canada
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Sabatier L, Miosge N, Hubmacher D, Lin G, Davis EC, Reinhardt DP. Fibrillin-3 expression in human development. Matrix Biol 2010; 30:43-52. [PMID: 20970500 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin proteins are the major components of extracellular microfibrils found in many connective tissues. Fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 are well studied and mutations in these proteins cause a number of fibrillinopathies including Marfan syndrome and congenital contractural arachnodactyly, respectively. Fibrillin-3 was more recently discovered and is much less well characterized. Fibrillin-1 is expressed throughout life, whereas fibrillins-2 and -3 are thought to be primarily present during development. Here, we report detailed fibrillin-3 expression patterns in early human development. A polyclonal antiserum against a C-terminal recombinant half of human fibrillin-3 was produced in rabbit. Anti-fibrillin-3 antibodies were affinity-purified and antibodies cross-reacting with the other fibrillins were removed by absorption resulting in specific anti-fibrillin-3 antibodies. Immunohistochemical analyses with these purified antibodies demonstrate that fibrillin-3 is temporally expressed in numerous tissues relatively evenly from the 6th to the 12th gestational week. Fibrillin-3 was found spatially expressed in perichondrium, perineurium, perimysium, skin, developing bronchi, glomeruli, pancreas, kidney, heart and testis and at the prospective basement membranes in developing epithelia and endothelia. Double immunohistochemical analyses showed that all fibrillins are globally expressed in the same organs, with a number of differences on the tissue level in cartilage, perichondrium and developing bronchi. These results suggest that fibrillin-3, compared to the other fibrillins, fulfills both overlapping and distinct functions in human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Sabatier
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Alanay Y, Avaygan H, Camacho N, Utine GE, Boduroglu K, Aktas D, Alikasifoglu M, Tuncbilek E, Orhan D, Bakar FT, Zabel B, Superti-Furga A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Curry CJ, Pyott S, Byers PH, Eyre DR, Baldridge D, Lee B, Merrill AE, Davis EC, Cohn DH, Akarsu N, Krakow D. Mutations in the Gene Encoding the RER Protein FKBP65 Cause Autosomal-Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Am J Hum Genet 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Loeys BL, Gerber EE, Riegert-Johnson D, Iqbal S, Whiteman P, McConnell V, Chillakuri CR, Macaya D, Coucke PJ, De Paepe A, Judge DP, Wigley F, Davis EC, Mardon HJ, Handford P, Keene DR, Sakai LY, Dietz HC. Mutations in fibrillin-1 cause congenital scleroderma: stiff skin syndrome. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2:23ra20. [PMID: 20375004 PMCID: PMC2953713 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The predisposition for scleroderma, defined as fibrosis and hardening of the skin, is poorly understood. We report that stiff skin syndrome (SSS), an autosomal dominant congenital form of scleroderma, is caused by mutations in the sole Arg-Gly-Asp sequence-encoding domain of fibrillin-1 that mediates integrin binding. Ordered polymers of fibrillin-1 (termed microfibrils) initiate elastic fiber assembly and bind to and regulate the activation of the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta). Altered cell-matrix interactions in SSS accompany excessive microfibrillar deposition, impaired elastogenesis, and increased TGFbeta concentration and signaling in the dermis. The observation of similar findings in systemic sclerosis, a more common acquired form of scleroderma, suggests broad pathogenic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Loeys
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Broadway Research Building, Room 539, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Hu Q, Shifren A, Sens C, Choi J, Szabo Z, Starcher BC, Knutsen RH, Shipley JM, Davis EC, Mecham RP, Urban Z. Mechanisms of emphysema in autosomal dominant cutis laxa. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:621-8. [PMID: 20600892 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous elastin gene mutations cause autosomal dominant cutis laxa associated with emphysema and aortic aneurysms. To investigate the molecular mechanisms leading to cutis laxa in vivo, we generated transgenic mice by pronuclear injection of minigenes encoding normal human tropoelastin (WT) or tropoelastin with a cutis laxa mutation (CL). Three independent founder lines of CL mice showed emphysematous pulmonary airspace enlargement. No consistent dermatological or cardiovascular pathologies were observed. One CL and one WT line were selected for detailed studies. Both mutant and control transgenic animals showed elastin deposition into pulmonary elastic fibers, indicated by increased desmosine levels in the lung and by colocalization of transgenic and endogenous elastin by immunostaining. CL mice showed increased static lung compliance and decreased stiffness of lung tissue. In addition, markers of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling and the unfolded protein response (UPR) were elevated together with increased apoptosis in the lungs of CL animals. We conclude that the synthesis of mutant elastin in CL activates multiple downstream disease pathways by triggering a UPR, altered mechanical signaling, increased release of TGFβ and apoptosis. We propose that the combined effects of these processes lead to the development of an emphysematous pulmonary phenotype in CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Alanay Y, Avaygan H, Camacho N, Utine GE, Boduroglu K, Aktas D, Alikasifoglu M, Tuncbilek E, Orhan D, Bakar FT, Zabel B, Superti-Furga A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Curry CJ, Pyott S, Byers PH, Eyre DR, Baldridge D, Lee B, Merrill AE, Davis EC, Cohn DH, Akarsu N, Krakow D. Mutations in the gene encoding the RER protein FKBP65 cause autosomal-recessive osteogenesis imperfecta. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 86:551-9. [PMID: 20362275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous brittle bone disorder that results from defects in the synthesis, structure, or posttranslational modification of type I procollagen. Dominant forms of OI result from mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2, which encode the chains of the type I procollagen heterotrimer. The mildest form of OI typically results from diminished synthesis of structurally normal type I procollagen, whereas moderately severe to lethal forms of OI usually result from structural defects in one of the type I procollagen chains. Recessively inherited OI, usually phenotypically severe, has recently been shown to result from defects in the prolyl-3-hydroxylase complex that lead to the absence of a single 3-hydroxyproline at residue 986 of the alpha1(I) triple helical domain. We studied a cohort of five consanguineous Turkish families, originating from the Black Sea region of Turkey, with moderately severe recessively inherited OI and identified a novel locus for OI on chromosome 17. In these families, and in a Mexican-American family, homozygosity for mutations in FKBP10, which encodes FKBP65, a chaperone that participates in type I procollagen folding, was identified. Further, we determined that FKBP10 mutations affect type I procollagen secretion. These findings identify a previously unrecognized mechanism in the pathogenesis of OI.
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Yanagisawa H, Davis EC. Unraveling the mechanism of elastic fiber assembly: The roles of short fibulins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:1084-93. [PMID: 20236620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of elastic fibers is associated with establishment of the closed circulation system. Primary roles of elastic fibers are to provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs and to maintain the structural integrity against mechanical strain over a lifetime. Elastic fibers are comprised of an insoluble elastin core and surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers are formed in a regulated, stepwise manner, which includes the formation of a microfibrillar scaffold, deposition and integration of tropoelastin monomers into the scaffold, and cross-linking of the monomers to form an insoluble, functional polymer. In recent years, an increasing number of glycoproteins have been identified and shown to be located on or surrounding elastic fibers. Among them, the short fibulins-3, -4 and -5 particularly drew attention because of their potent elastogenic activity. Fibulins-3, -4 and -5 are characterized by tandem repeats of calcium binding EGF-like motifs and a C-terminal fibulin module, which is conserved throughout fibulin family members. Initial biochemical characterization and gene expression studies predicted that fibulins might be involved in structural support and/or matrix-cell interactions. Recent analyses of short fibulin knockout mice have revealed their critical roles in elastic fiber development in vivo. We review recent findings on the elastogenic functions of short fibulins and discuss the molecular mechanism underlying their activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
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Huang J, Davis EC, Chapman SL, Budatha M, Marmorstein LY, Word RA, Yanagisawa H. Fibulin-4 deficiency results in ascending aortic aneurysms: a potential link between abnormal smooth muscle cell phenotype and aneurysm progression. Circ Res 2009; 106:583-92. [PMID: 20019329 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.207852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Loss of fibulin-4 during embryogenesis results in perinatal lethality because of aneurysm rupture, and defective elastic fiber assembly has been proposed as an underlying cause for the aneurysm phenotype. However, aneurysms are never seen in mice deficient for elastin, or for fibulin-5, which absence also leads to compromised elastic fibers. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanism of aneurysm development in the absence of fibulin-4 and establish the role of fibulin-4 in aortic development. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated germline and smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific deletion of the fibulin-4 gene in mice (Fbln4(GKO) and Fbln4(SMKO), respectively). Fbln4(GKO) and Fbln4(SMKO) aortic walls fail to fully differentiate, exhibiting reduced expression of SM-specific contractile genes and focal proliferation of SMCs accompanied by degenerative changes of the medial wall. Marked upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway was observed in the aneurysmal wall of Fbln4(GKO) and Fbln4(SMKO) mice and both mutants developed aneurysm predominantly in the ascending thoracic aorta. In vitro, Fbln4(GKO) SMCs exhibit an immature SMC phenotype with a marked reduction of SM-myosin heavy chain and increased proliferative capacity. CONCLUSIONS The vascular phenotype in Fbln4 mutant mice is remarkably similar to a subset of human thoracic aortic aneurysms caused by mutations in SMC contractile genes. Our study provides a potential link between the intrinsic properties of SMCs and aneurysm progression in vivo and supports the dual role of fibulin-4 in the formation of elastic fibers as well as terminal differentiation and maturation of SMCs in the aortic wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Chapman SL, Sicot FX, Davis EC, Huang J, Sasaki T, Chu ML, Yanagisawa H. Fibulin-2 and fibulin-5 cooperatively function to form the internal elastic lamina and protect from vascular injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 30:68-74. [PMID: 19893004 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.196725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent findings on the role of fibulin-5 (Fbln5) have provided substantial progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of elastic fiber assembly in vitro. However, little is known about differential roles of fibulins in the elastogenesis of blood vessels. Here, we generated double knockout mice for Fbln5 and Fbln2 (termed DKO) and examined the role of fibulins-2 and -5 in development and injury response of the blood vessel wall. METHODS AND RESULTS Fibulin-2 is distinctly located in the subendothelial matrix, whereas fibulin-5 is observed throughout the vessel wall. All of the elastic laminae, including the internal elastic lamina (IEL), were severely disorganized in DKO mice, which was not observed in single knockout mice for Fbln2 or Fbln5. Furthermore, DKO vessels displayed upregulation of vascular adhesion molecules, tissue factor expression, and thrombus formation with marked dilation and thinning of the vessel wall after carotid artery ligation-injury. CONCLUSIONS Fibulin-2 and fibulin-5 cooperatively function to form the IEL during postnatal development by directing the assembly of elastic fibers, and are responsible for maintenance of the adult vessel wall after injury. The DKO mouse will serve as a unique animal model to test the effect of vessel integrity during various pathological insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Chapman
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9148.
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Urban Z, Hucthagowder V, Schürmann N, Todorovic V, Zilberberg L, Choi J, Sens C, Brown CW, Clark RD, Holland KE, Marble M, Sakai LY, Dabovic B, Rifkin DB, Davis EC. Mutations in LTBP4 cause a syndrome of impaired pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and dermal development. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 85:593-605. [PMID: 19836010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report recessive mutations in the gene for the latent transforming growth factor-beta binding protein 4 (LTBP4) in four unrelated patients with a human syndrome disrupting pulmonary, gastrointestinal, urinary, musculoskeletal, craniofacial, and dermal development. All patients had severe respiratory distress, with cystic and atelectatic changes in the lungs complicated by tracheomalacia and diaphragmatic hernia. Three of the four patients died of respiratory failure. Cardiovascular lesions were mild, limited to pulmonary artery stenosis and patent foramen ovale. Gastrointestinal malformations included diverticulosis, enlargement, tortuosity, and stenosis at various levels of the intestinal tract. The urinary tract was affected by diverticulosis and hydronephrosis. Joint laxity and low muscle tone contributed to musculoskeletal problems compounded by postnatal growth delay. Craniofacial features included microretrognathia, flat midface, receding forehead, and wide fontanelles. All patients had cutis laxa. Four of the five identified LTBP4 mutations led to premature termination of translation and destabilization of the LTBP4 mRNA. Impaired synthesis and lack of deposition of LTBP4 into the extracellular matrix (ECM) caused increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) activity in cultured fibroblasts and defective elastic fiber assembly in all tissues affected by the disease. These molecular defects were associated with blocked alveolarization and airway collapse in the lung. Our results show that coupling of TGF-beta signaling and ECM assembly is essential for proper development and is achieved in multiple human organ systems by multifunctional proteins such as LTBP4.
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Carta L, Wagenseil JE, Knutsen RH, Mariko B, Faury G, Davis EC, Starcher B, Mecham RP, Ramirez F. Discrete contributions of elastic fiber components to arterial development and mechanical compliance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:2083-9. [PMID: 19850904 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.193227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Even though elastin and fibrillin-1 are the major structural components of elastic fibers, mutations in elastin and fibrillin-1 lead to narrowing of large arteries in supravalvular aortic stenosis and dilation of the ascending aorta in Marfan syndrome, respectively. A genetic approach was therefore used here to distinguish the differential contributions of elastin and fibrillin-1 to arterial development and compliance. METHODS AND RESULTS Key parameters of cardiovascular function were compared among adult mice haploinsufficient for elastin (Eln(+/-)), fibrillin-1 (Fbn1(+/-)), or both proteins (dHet). Physiological and morphological comparisons correlate elastin haploinsufficiency with increased blood pressure and vessel length and tortuosity in dHet mice, and fibrillin-1 haploinsufficiency with increased aortic diameter in the same mutant animals. Mechanical tests confirm that elastin and fibrillin-1 impart elastic recoil and tensile strength to the aortic wall, respectively. Additional ex vivo analyses demonstrate additive and overlapping contributions of elastin and fibrillin-1 to the material properties of vascular tissues. Lastly, light and electron microscopy evidence implicates fibrillin-1 in the hypertension-promoted remodeling of the elastin-deficient aorta. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that elastin and fibrillin-1 have both differential and complementary roles in arterial wall formation and function, and advance our knowledge of the structural determinants of vascular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carta
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Miao M, Stahl RJ, Petersen LF, Reintsch WE, Davis EC, Keeley FW. Characterization of an unusual tropoelastin with truncated C-terminus in the frog. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:432-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hucthagowder V, Morava E, Kornak U, Lefeber DJ, Fischer B, Dimopoulou A, Aldinger A, Choi J, Davis EC, Abuelo DN, Adamowicz M, Al-Aama J, Basel-Vanagaite L, Fernandez B, Greally MT, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Kayserili H, Lemyre E, Tekin M, Türkmen S, Tuysuz B, Yüksel-Konuk B, Mundlos S, Van Maldergem L, Wevers RA, Urban Z. Loss-of-function mutations in ATP6V0A2 impair vesicular trafficking, tropoelastin secretion and cell survival. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:2149-65. [PMID: 19321599 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2 (ARCL2), a syndrome of growth and developmental delay and redundant, inelastic skin, is caused by mutations in the a2 subunit of the vesicular ATPase H+-pump (ATP6V0A2). The goal of this study was to define the disease mechanisms that lead to connective tissue lesions in ARCL2. In a new cohort of 17 patients, DNA sequencing of ATP6V0A2 detected either homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations. Considerable allelic and phenotypic heterogeneity was observed, with a missense mutation of a moderately conserved residue p.P87L leading to unusually mild disease. Abnormal N- and/or mucin type O-glycosylation was observed in all patients tested. Premature stop codon mutations led to decreased ATP6V0A2 mRNA levels by destabilizing the mutant mRNA via the nonsense-mediated decay pathway. Loss of ATP6V0A2 either by siRNA knockdown or in ARCL2 cells resulted in distended Golgi cisternae, accumulation of abnormal lysosomes and multivesicular bodies. Immunostaining of ARCL2 cells showed the accumulation of tropoelastin (TE) in the Golgi and in large, abnormal intracellular and extracellular aggregates. Pulse-chase studies confirmed impaired secretion and increased intracellular retention of TE, and insoluble elastin assays showed significantly reduced extracellular deposition of mature elastin. Fibrillin-1 microfibril assembly and secreted lysyl oxidase activity were normal in ARCL2 cells. TUNEL staining demonstrated increased rates of apoptosis in ARCL2 cell cultures. We conclude that loss-of-function mutations in ATP6V0A2 lead to TE aggregation in the Golgi, impaired clearance of TE aggregates and increased apoptosis of elastogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanathan Hucthagowder
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8208, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Choi J, Bergdahl A, Zheng Q, Starcher B, Yanagisawa H, Davis EC. Analysis of dermal elastic fibers in the absence of fibulin-5 reveals potential roles for fibulin-5 in elastic fiber assembly. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:211-20. [PMID: 19321153 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Revised: 03/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibulin-5 is a 66 kDa modular, extracellular matrix protein that localizes to elastic fibers. Although in vitro protein-protein binding studies have shown that fibulin-5 binds many proteins involved in elastic fiber formation, the specific role of fibulin-5 in elastogenesis remains unclear. To provide a more detailed analysis of elastic fiber assembly in the absence of fibulin-5, the dermis of wild-type and fibulin-5 gene knockout (Fbln5(-/-)) mice was examined with electron microscopy (EM). Although light microscopy showed apparently normal elastic fibers near the hair follicles and the absence of elastic fibers in the intervening dermis of the Fbln5(-/-) mouse, EM revealed the presence of aberrantly assembled elastic fibers in both locales. Instead of the elastin being incorporated into the microfibrillar scaffold, the elastin appeared as globules juxtaposed to the microfibrils. Desmosine analysis showed significantly lower levels of mature cross-linked elastin in the Fbln5(-/-) dermis, however, gene expression levels for tropoelastin and fibrillin-1, the major elastic fiber components, were unaffected. Based on these results, the nature of tropoelastin cross-linking was investigated using domain specific antibodies to lysyl oxidase like-1 (LOXL-1). Immunolocalization with an antibody to the N-terminal pro-peptide, which is cleaved to generate the active enzyme, revealed abundant staining in the Fbln5(-/-) dermis and no staining in the wild-type dermis. Overall, these results suggest two previously unrecognized functions for fibulin-5 in elastogenesis; first, to limit the extent of aggregation of tropoelastin monomers and/or coacervates and aid in the incorporation of elastin into the microfibril bundles, and second, to potentially assist in the activation of LOXL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cirulis JT, Bellingham CM, Davis EC, Hubmacher D, Reinhardt DP, Mecham RP, Keeley FW. Fibrillins, fibulins, and matrix-associated glycoprotein modulate the kinetics and morphology of in vitro self-assembly of a recombinant elastin-like polypeptide. Biochemistry 2009; 47:12601-13. [PMID: 18973305 DOI: 10.1021/bi8005384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is the polymeric protein responsible for the properties of extensibility and elastic recoil of the extracellular matrix in a variety of tissues. Although proper assembly of the elastic matrix is crucial for its durability, the process by which this assembly takes place is not well-understood. Recent data suggest the complex interaction of tropoelastin, the monomeric form of elastin, with a number of other elastic matrix-associated proteins, including fibrillins, fibulins, and matrix-associated glycoprotein (MAGP), is important to achieve the proper architecture of the elastic matrix. At the same time, it is becoming clear that self-assembly properties intrinsic to tropoelastin itself, reflected in a temperature-induced phase separation known as coacervation, are also important in this assembly process. In this study, using a well-characterized elastin-like polypeptide that mimics the self-assembly properties of full-length tropoelastin, the process of self-assembly is deconstructed into "coacervation" and "maturation" stages that can be distinguished kinetically by different parameters. Members of the fibrillin, fibulin, and MAGP families of proteins are shown to profoundly affect both the kinetics of self-assembly and the morphology of the maturing coacervate, restricting the growth of coacervate droplets and, in some cases, causing clustering of droplets into fibrillar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith T Cirulis
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Dabovic B, Chen Y, Choi J, Vassallo M, Dietz HC, Ramirez F, von Melchner H, Davis EC, Rifkin DB. Dual functions for LTBP in lung development: LTBP-4 independently modulates elastogenesis and TGF-beta activity. J Cell Physiol 2009; 219:14-22. [PMID: 19016471 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBP) -1, -3, and -4 are extracellular proteins that assist in the secretion and localization of latent TGF-beta. The null mutation of LTBP-4S in mice causes defects in the differentiation of terminal air-sacs, fragmented elastin, and colon carcinomas. We investigated lung development from embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) to day 7 after birth (P7) in order to determine when the defects in elastin organization initiate and to further examine the relation of TGF-beta signaling levels and air-sac septation in Ltbp4S-/- lungs. We found that defects in elastogenesis are visible as early as E14.5 and are maintained in the alveolar walls, in blood vessel media, and subjacent airway epithelium. The air-sac septation defect was associated with excessive TGF-beta signaling and was reversed by lowering TGF-beta2 levels. Thus, the phenotype is not directly reflective of a change in TGF-beta1, the only TGF-beta isoform known to complex with LTBP-4. Reversal of the air-sac septation defect was not associated with normalization of the elastogenesis indicating two separate functions of LTBP-4 as a regulator of elastic fiber assembly and TGF-beta levels in lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Dabovic
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Rahn DD, Acevedo JF, Roshanravan S, Keller PW, Davis EC, Marmorstein LY, Word RA. Failure of pelvic organ support in mice deficient in fibulin-3. Am J Pathol 2008; 174:206-15. [PMID: 19095964 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibulin-5 is crucial for normal elastic fiber synthesis in the vaginal wall; more than 90% of fibulin-5-knockout mice develop pelvic organ prolapse by 20 weeks of age. In contrast, fibulin-1 and -2 deficiencies do not result in similar pathologies, and fibulin-4-knockout mice die shortly after birth. EFEMP1 encodes fibulin-3, an extracellular matrix protein important in the maintenance of abdominal fascia. Herein, we evaluated the role of fibulin-3 in pelvic organ support. Pelvic organ support was impaired significantly in female Efemp1 knockout mice (Fbln3(-[supi]/-)), and overt vaginal, perineal, and rectal prolapse occurred in 26.9% of animals. Prolapse severity increased with age but not parity. Fibulin-5 was up-regulated in vaginal tissues from Fbln3(-[supi]/-) mice regardless of prolapse. Despite increased expression of fibulin-5 in the vaginal wall, pelvic organ support failure occurred in Fbln3(-[supi]/-) animals, suggesting that factors related to aging led to prolapse. Elastic fiber abnormalities in vaginal tissues from young Fbln3(-[supi]/-) mice progressed to severe elastic fiber disruption with age, and vaginal matrix metalloprotease activity was increased significantly in Fbln3(-[supi]/-) animals with prolapse compared with Fbln3(-[supi]/-) mice without prolapse. Overall, these results indicate that both fibulin-3 and -5 are important in maintaining pelvic organ support in mice. We suggest that increased vaginal protease activity and abnormal elastic fibers in the vaginal wall are important components in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Rahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9032, USA
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