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Amini A, Esmaeili F, Golpich M. Possible role of lncRNAs in amelioration of Parkinson's disease symptoms by transplantation of dopaminergic cells. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:56. [PMID: 38472261 PMCID: PMC10933336 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since dopaminergic cell transplantation is a clinical method to treat PD, this study investigated the effects of dopaminergic cell therapy on the expression of some lncRNAs and genes related to PD. In this study, Twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. The control group (Sal group) received saline injections. The Par group was a PD rat model with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection in right striatum (ST). PD animals were transplanted by undifferentiated P19 stem cells (Par-E group), and P19-derived dopaminergic cells (Par-N group). Cell transplant effects were evaluated using behavioral tests (cylinder, open field, and rotarod tests), and histological methods (H&E and Nissl staining, and immunohistochemistry). Moreover, the expression of lncRNAs MALAT1, MEG3, and SNHG1, alongside specific neuronal (synaptophysin) and dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase) markers was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Behavioral and histopathological examinations revealed that cell transplantation partially compensated dopaminergic cell degeneration in ST and substantia nigra (SN) of PD rats. The expression of MALAT1, SNHG1, and MEG3 was decreased in the ST of the Par group, while MEG3 and SNHG1 gene expression was increased in PBMC relative to the Sal group. In PBMC of the Par-N group, all three lncRNAs showed a reduction in their expression. Conversely, MALAT1 and SNHG1 expression was increased in ST tissue, while MEG3 gene expression was decreased compared to the Sal group. In conclusion, dopaminergic cell transplantation could change the lncRNAs expression. Furthermore, it partially improves symptoms in PD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amini
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - F Esmaeili
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - M Golpich
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Morii A, Inazu T. HDAC8 is implicated in embryoid body formation via canonical Hedgehog signaling and regulates neuronal differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 629:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Karimi-Soflou R, Karkhaneh A, Shabani I. Size-adjustable self-assembled nanoparticles through microfluidic platform promotes neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213056. [PMID: 35932661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation from stem cells is one of the most potent therapeutic approaches for recovering neurological function in individuals with neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, an on-demand intracellular retinoic acid released nanoparticles with tunable size and accurately controlled physico-biological properties have been prepared for achieving efficient neuronal differentiation. The amphiphilic chitosan oligosaccharide-cholesterol copolymers were synthesized by varying cholesterol content and self-assembled into spherical micelle in a microfluidic chip with different flow rates. Notably, the results indicated that by increasing the lipophilicity of the chitosan chain as well as mixing rate, the size of micelles was decreased. Retinoic acid (RA) was efficiently encapsulated in the core of micelles. The retinoic acid-containing nanoparticles could escape lysosome, accumulate in the cytoplasm, and release payload with a sustained pattern. The cytotoxicity assay of free retinoic acid and retinoic acid-loaded formulations against P19 embryonic stem cells confirmed the desirable safety of micelles. The result obtained from the uptake study showed that internalization of micelles occurs predominantly via lipid-raft endocytosis in the presence of higher cholesterol content. Moreover, the intracellular RA release upregulated the expression levels of neuronal factors. The micelles described here offer a promising nanomedicine strategy for neuronal differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Karimi-Soflou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| | - Akbar Karkhaneh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran.
| | - Iman Shabani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran.
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Jia R, Song L, Fei Z, Qin C, Zhao Q. Long noncoding RNA Ftx regulates the protein expression profile in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Proteome Sci 2022; 20:7. [PMID: 35490216 PMCID: PMC9055732 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-022-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) five prime to Xist (Ftx) is involved in distant metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate Ftx alteration-induced proteomic changes in the highly metastatic CRC cell line HCT116. Methods Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics analysis was performed to detect the differential protein expression in Ftx-overexpressing and Ftx-silenced HCT116 cells. The differentially expressed proteins were classified and characterized by bioinformatics analyses, including gene ontology (GO) annotation, GO/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway/protein domain enrichment analyses, as well as hierarchical clustering. A total of 5471 proteins were quantified, and the proteins with |fold change|≥ 1.2 and p < 0.05 were identified as differentially expressed proteins in response to Ftx overexpression or silencing. Results The bioinformatics analyses revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in a wide range of GO terms and KEGG signaling pathways and contained multiple protein domains. These terms, pathways, and protein domains were associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in CRC. Conclusions Our results indicate that the alteration of Ftx expression induces proteomic changes in highly metastatic HCT116 cells, suggesting that Ftx and its downstream molecules and signaling pathways could be potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhen Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Lixia District, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Lixia District, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Chengyong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Lixia District, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Lixia District, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Garrudo FFF, Mikael PE, Xia K, Silva JC, Ouyang Y, Chapman CA, Hoffman PR, Yu Y, Han X, Rodrigues CAV, Cabral JMS, Morgado J, Ferreira FC, Linhardt RJ. The effect of electrospun scaffolds on the glycosaminoglycan profile of differentiating neural stem cells. Biochimie 2021; 182:61-72. [PMID: 33422570 PMCID: PMC7902476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of electrospun scaffolds for neural tissue engineering applications allows a closer mimicry of the native tissue extracellular matrix (ECM), important for the transplantation of cells in vivo. Moreover, the role of the electrospun fiber mat topography on neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation remains to be completely understood. In this work REN-VM cells (NSC model) were differentiated on polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers, obtained by wet/wet electrospinning, and on flat glass lamellas. The obtained differentiation profile of NSCs was evaluated using immunofluorescence and qPCR analysis. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analysis was successfully emplyed to evaluate changes in the GAG profile of differentiating cells through the use of the highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Our results show that both culture platforms allow the differentiation of REN-VM cells into neural cells (neurons and astrocytes) similarly. Moreover, LC-MS/MS analysis shows changes in the production of GAGs present both in cell cultures and conditioned media samples. In the media, hyaluronic acid (HA) was detected and correlated with cellular activity and the production of a more plastic extracellular matrix. The cell samples evidence changes in chondroitin sulfate (CS4S, CS6S, CS4S6S) and heparan sulfate (HS6S, HS0S), similar to those previously described in vivo studies and possibly associated with the creation of complex structures, such as perineural networks. The GAG profile of differentiating REN-VM cells on electrospun scaffolds was analyzed for the first time. Our results highlight the advantage of using platforms obtain more reliable and robust neural tissue-engineered transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F F Garrudo
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paiyz E Mikael
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - João C Silva
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA; Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Caitlyn A Chapman
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Pauline R Hoffman
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xiaurui Han
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frederico C Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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Trombetta-Lima M, Assis-Ribas T, Cintra RC, Campeiro JD, Guerreiro JR, Winnischofer SMB, Nascimento ICC, Ulrich H, Hayashi MAF, Sogayar MC. Impact of Reck expression and promoter activity in neuronal in vitro differentiation. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1985-1994. [PMID: 33619662 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reck (REversion-inducing Cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs) tumor suppressor gene encodes a multifunctional glycoprotein which inhibits the activity of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and has the ability to modulate the Notch and canonical Wnt pathways. Reck-deficient neuro-progenitor cells undergo precocious differentiation; however, modulation of Reck expression during progression of the neuronal differentiation process is yet to be characterized. In the present study, we demonstrate that Reck expression levels are increased during in vitro neuronal differentiation of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells and P19 murine teratocarcinoma cells and characterize mouse Reck promoter activity during this process. Increased Reck promoter activity was found upon induction of differentiation in PC12 cells, in accordance with its increased mRNA expression levels in mouse in vitro models. Interestingly, Reck overexpression, prior to the beginning of the differentiation protocol, led to diminished efficiency of the neuronal differentiation process. Taken together, our findings suggest that increased Reck expression at early stages of differentiation diminishes the number of neuron-like cells, which are positive for the beta-3 tubulin marker. Our data highlight the importance of Reck expression evaluation to optimize in vitro neuronal differentiation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trombetta-Lima
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua Pangaré, 100 (Cidade Universitária), São Paulo, SP, 05360-130, Brazil
| | - Thais Assis-Ribas
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua Pangaré, 100 (Cidade Universitária), São Paulo, SP, 05360-130, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Cintra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Joana D Campeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua 3 de Maio 100, Ed INFAR, 3º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Juliano R Guerreiro
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, SP, 05347-020, Brazil
| | - Sheila M B Winnischofer
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Isis C C Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua 3 de Maio 100, Ed INFAR, 3º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.
| | - Mari C Sogayar
- Núcleo de Terapia Celular e Molecular (NUCEL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua Pangaré, 100 (Cidade Universitária), São Paulo, SP, 05360-130, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Ascl1-Mediated Astrocyte-to-Neuron Conversion. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:534-547. [PMID: 33577795 PMCID: PMC7940254 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct neuronal reprogramming potentially provides valuable sources for cell-based therapies. Proneural gene Ascl1 converts astrocytes into induced neuronal (iN) cells efficiently both in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. By combining RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing, we found that the expression of 1,501 genes was markedly changed during the early stages of Ascl1-induced astrocyte-to-neuron conversion and that the regulatory regions of 107 differentially expressed genes were directly bound by ASCL1. Among Ascl1's direct targets, Klf10 regulates the neuritogenesis of iN cells at the early stage, Myt1 and Myt1l are critical for the electrophysiological maturation of iN cells, and Neurod4 and Chd7 are required for the efficient conversion of astrocytes into neurons. Together, this study provides more insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Ascl1-mediated astrocyte-to-neuron conversion and will be of value for the application of direct neuronal reprogramming. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq were used to study Ascl1-induced astrocyte-to-neuron conversion Early Klf10 regulates neuritogenesis and electrophysiological properties of iN cells Myt1 and Myt1l are critical for the electrophysiological maturation of iN cells Neurod4 and Chd7 are required for efficient conversion of astrocytes to neurons
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Li X, Ji G, Zhou J, Du J, Li X, Shi W, Hu Y, Zhou W, Hao A. Pcgf1 Regulates Early Neural Tube Development Through Histone Methylation in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:581636. [PMID: 33575252 PMCID: PMC7870693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural induction constitutes the initial step in the generation of the neural tube. Pcgf1, as one of six Pcgf paralogs, is a maternally expressed gene, but its role and mechanism in early neural induction during neural tube development have not yet been explored. In this study, we found that zebrafish embryos exhibited a small head and reduced or even absence of telencephalon after inhibiting the expression of Pcgf1. Moreover, the neural induction process of zebrafish embryos was abnormally activated, and the subsequent NSC self-renewal was inhibited after injecting the Pcgf1 MO. The results of in vitro also showed that knockdown of Pcgf1 increased the expression levels of the neural markers Pax6, Pou3f1, and Zfp521, but decreased the expression levels of the pluripotent markers Oct4, Hes1, and Nanog, which further confirmed that Pcgf1 was indispensable for maintaining the pluripotency of P19 cells. To gain a better understanding of the role of Pcgf1 in early development, we analyzed mRNA profiles from Pcgf1-deficient P19 cells using RNA-seq. We found that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in many functional categories, which related to the development phenotype, and knockdown of Pcgf1 increased the expression of histone demethylases. Finally, our results showed that Pcgf1 loss-of-function decreased the levels of transcriptional repression mark H3K27me3 at the promoters of Ngn1 and Otx2, and the levels of transcriptional activation mark H3K4me3 at the promoters of Pou5f3 and Nanog. Together, our findings reveal that Pcgf1 might function as both a facilitator for pluripotent maintenance and a repressor for neural induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Du
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aijun Hao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Wright CM, Schneider S, Smith-Edwards KM, Mafra F, Leembruggen AJL, Gonzalez MV, Kothakapa DR, Anderson JB, Maguire BA, Gao T, Missall TA, Howard MJ, Bornstein JC, Davis BM, Heuckeroth RO. scRNA-Seq Reveals New Enteric Nervous System Roles for GDNF, NRTN, and TBX3. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1548-1592.e1. [PMID: 33444816 PMCID: PMC8099699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bowel function requires coordinated activity of diverse enteric neuron subtypes. Our aim was to define gene expression in these neuron subtypes to facilitate development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat devastating enteric neuropathies, and to learn more about enteric nervous system function. METHODS To identify subtype-specific genes, we performed single-nucleus RNA-seq on adult mouse and human colon myenteric plexus, and single-cell RNA-seq on E17.5 mouse ENS cells from whole bowel. We used immunohistochemistry, select mutant mice, and calcium imaging to validate and extend results. RESULTS RNA-seq on 635 adult mouse colon myenteric neurons and 707 E17.5 neurons from whole bowel defined seven adult neuron subtypes, eight E17.5 neuron subtypes and hundreds of differentially expressed genes. Manually dissected human colon myenteric plexus yielded RNA-seq data from 48 neurons, 3798 glia, 5568 smooth muscle, 377 interstitial cells of Cajal, and 2153 macrophages. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated differential expression for BNC2, PBX3, SATB1, RBFOX1, TBX2, and TBX3 in enteric neuron subtypes. Conditional Tbx3 loss reduced NOS1-expressing myenteric neurons. Differential Gfra1 and Gfra2 expression coupled with calcium imaging revealed that GDNF and neurturin acutely and differentially regulate activity of ∼50% of myenteric neurons with distinct effects on smooth muscle contractions. CONCLUSION Single cell analyses defined genes differentially expressed in myenteric neuron subtypes and new roles for TBX3, GDNF and NRTN. These data facilitate molecular diagnostic studies and novel therapeutics for bowel motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen M Smith-Edwards
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fernanda Mafra
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Michael V Gonzalez
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deepika R Kothakapa
- Department of Pediatrics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica B Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Beth A Maguire
- Department of Pediatrics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tricia A Missall
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marthe J Howard
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian M Davis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- Department of Pediatrics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Hogberg HT, de Cássia da Silveira E Sá R, Kleensang A, Bouhifd M, Cemiloglu Ulker O, Smirnova L, Behl M, Maertens A, Zhao L, Hartung T. Organophosphorus flame retardants are developmental neurotoxicants in a rat primary brainsphere in vitro model. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:207-228. [PMID: 33078273 PMCID: PMC7811506 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to regulatory bans and voluntary substitutions, halogenated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants (FR) are increasingly substituted by mainly organophosphorus FR (OPFR). Leveraging a 3D rat primary neural organotypic in vitro model (rat brainsphere), we compare developmental neurotoxic effects of BDE-47-the most abundant PBDE congener-with four OPFR (isopropylated phenyl phosphate-IPP, triphenyl phosphate-TPHP, isodecyl diphenyl phosphate-IDDP, and tricresyl phosphate (also known as trimethyl phenyl phosphate)-TMPP). Employing mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics and transcriptomics, we observe at similar human-relevant non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.1-5 µM) stronger developmental neurotoxic effects by OPFR. This includes toxicity to neurons in the low µM range; all FR decrease the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA (except BDE-47 and TPHP). Furthermore, n-acetyl aspartate (NAA), considered a neurologic diagnostic molecule, was decreased by all OPFR. At similar concentrations, the FR currently in use decreased plasma membrane dopamine active transporter expression, while BDE-47 did not. Several findings suggest astrogliosis induced by the OPFR, but not BDE-47. At the 5 µM concentrations, the OPFR more than BDE-47 interfered with myelination. An increase of cytokine gene and receptor expressions suggests that exposure to OPFR may induce an inflammatory response. Pathway/category overrepresentation shows disruption in 1) transmission of action potentials, cell-cell signaling, synaptic transmission, receptor signaling, (2) immune response, inflammation, defense response, (3) cell cycle and (4) lipids metabolism and transportation. Taken together, this appears to be a case of regretful substitution with substances not less developmentally neurotoxic in a primary rat 3D model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena T Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives To Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Rita de Cássia da Silveira E Sá
- Center for Alternatives To Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Andre Kleensang
- Center for Alternatives To Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mounir Bouhifd
- Center for Alternatives To Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ozge Cemiloglu Ulker
- Center for Alternatives To Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives To Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Maertens
- Center for Alternatives To Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Alternatives To Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives To Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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11
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Kumari K, Sharma MC, Kakkar A, Malgulwar PB, Pathak P, Suri V, Sarkar C, Chandra SP, Faruq M. mTOR pathway activation in focal cortical dysplasia. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 46:151523. [PMID: 32325422 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a localized cortical malformation and considerable morphological overlap exists between FCD IIB and neurological lesions associated with Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Abnormal mTOR pathway secondary to somatic mTOR mutation and TSC gene mutation linked to PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have supported the hypothesis of common pathogenesis involved. Role of converging pathway, viz. Wnt/β-Catenin and mTOR is unknown in FCD. We aimed to analyse FCD IIB for TSC1/TSC2 mutations, immunoreactivity of hamartin, tuberin, mTOR and Wnt signalling cascades, and stem cell markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen FCD IIB cases were retrieved along with 16 FCD IIA cases for comparison. Immunohistochemistry was performed for tuberin, hamartin, mTOR pathway markers, markers of stem cell phenotype, and Wnt pathway markers. Mutation analysis for TSC1 and TSC2 was performed by sequencing in 9 FCD cases. RESULTS All FCD cases showed preserved hamartin and tuberin immunoreactivity. Aberrant immunoreactivity of phospho-P70S6 kinase, S6 ribosomal, phospho-S6 ribosomal and Stat3 was noted in FCD IIB, with variable phospho-4E-BP1 (45%) and absent phospho-Stat3 expression. Immunoreactivity for phospho-P70S6 kinase (100%), S6 ribosomal protein (100%) and Stat3 (100%) was noted in FCD IIA, but not for phospho-S6 ribosomal, phospho-4E-BP1 and phospho-Stat3. c-Myc immunoreactivity was noted in all FCD cases. Nestin (81%) and Sox 2 (88%) stained balloon cells in FCD IIB (44%), while in FCD IIA cases were negative. All FCD cases were immunopositive for Wnt, but were negative for β-Catenin and cyclin-D1. TSC mutations were detected in two cases of FCD IIB. CONCLUSION Abnormal mTOR pathway activation exists in FCD IIB and IIA, however, shows differential immunoreactivity profile, indicating varying degrees of dysregulation. Labelling of neuronal stem cell markers in balloon cells suggests they are phenotypically immature. TSC1/2 mutation play role in the pathogenesis of FCD. Deep targeted sequencing is preferred diagnostic technique since conventional sanger sequencing often fails to detect low-allele frequency variants involved in mTOR/TSC pathway genes, commonly found in FCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Kumari
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prit B Malgulwar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Pathak
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarat P Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology - Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
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12
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Garza-Manero S, Sindi AAA, Mohan G, Rehbini O, Jeantet VHM, Bailo M, Latif FA, West MP, Gurden R, Finlayson L, Svambaryte S, West AG, West KL. Maintenance of active chromatin states by HMGN2 is required for stem cell identity in a pluripotent stem cell model. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:73. [PMID: 31831052 PMCID: PMC6907237 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the HMGN protein family modulate chromatin structure and influence epigenetic modifications. HMGN1 and HMGN2 are highly expressed during early development and in the neural stem/progenitor cells of the developing and adult brain. Here, we investigate whether HMGN proteins contribute to the chromatin plasticity and epigenetic regulation that is essential for maintaining pluripotency in stem cells. Results We show that loss of Hmgn1 or Hmgn2 in pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells leads to increased levels of spontaneous neuronal differentiation. This is accompanied by the loss of pluripotency markers Nanog and Ssea1, and increased expression of the pro-neural transcription factors Neurog1 and Ascl1. Neural stem cells derived from these Hmgn-knockout lines also show increased spontaneous neuronal differentiation and Neurog1 expression. The loss of HMGN2 leads to a global reduction in H3K9 acetylation, and disrupts the profile of H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H3K27ac and H3K122ac at the Nanog and Oct4 loci. At endodermal/mesodermal genes, Hmgn2-knockout cells show a switch from a bivalent to a repressive chromatin configuration. However, at neuronal lineage genes whose expression is increased, no epigenetic changes are observed and their bivalent states are retained following the loss of HMGN2. Conclusions We conclude that HMGN1 and HMGN2 maintain the identity of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells by optimising the pluripotency transcription factor network and protecting the cells from precocious differentiation. Our evidence suggests that HMGN2 regulates active and bivalent genes by promoting an epigenetic landscape of active histone modifications at promoters and enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Garza-Manero
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Abdulmajeed Abdulghani A Sindi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha-Alaqiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gokula Mohan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ohoud Rehbini
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Valentine H M Jeantet
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mariarca Bailo
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Faeezah Abdul Latif
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Maureen P West
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ross Gurden
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lauren Finlayson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Silvija Svambaryte
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Adam G West
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Katherine L West
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. .,School of Life Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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13
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Long-term culturing of porcine nodose ganglia. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 332:108546. [PMID: 31821820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal cell cultures are widely used in the field of neuroscience. Cell dissociation allows for the isolation of a desired cell type, yet the neuronal complexity that distinguishes the nervous system is often lost as a result. Thus, culturing neural tissues in ex vivo format provides a physiological context that more closely resembles the in vivo environment. NEW METHOD We developed a simple method to culture nodose ganglia neurons from neonatal pigs long-term in ex vivo format using an in-house media formulation derived from commercially available components. RESULTS Ganglia were cultured for six and twelve months. mRNA expression of nestin was stable across time. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and tachykinin showed statistically insignificant increases and decreases in mRNA expression, respectively. mRNA expression of glia fibrillary acidic protein decreased, whereas myelin basic protein showed no statistically significant differences, over time. Immunofluorescence studies of sectioned ganglia demonstrated neurofilament-positive cell bodies, glia fibrillary acidic protein and myelin basic protein at all time points. A significant decrease in cell nuclei density and fragmented DNA were noted. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) There are currently no methods that describe short-term or long-term culturing of porcine nodose ganglia. Further, the media formulation we developed is new and not previously reported. CONCLUSIONS The simple procedure we developed for culturing nodose ganglia will enable both short-term and long-term investigations aimed at understanding peripheral ganglia in vitro. It is also possible that the methods described herein can be applied to other models, different developmental stages, and potentially other neural tissues.
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14
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Sato T, Yoo S, Kong R, Sinha A, Chandramani-Shivalingappa P, Patel A, Fridrikh M, Nagano O, Masuko T, Beasley MB, Powell CA, Zhu J, Watanabe H. Epigenomic Profiling Discovers Trans-lineage SOX2 Partnerships Driving Tumor Heterogeneity in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:6084-6100. [PMID: 31551362 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), one of the major subtypes of lung cancer, has not sufficiently improved its nonstratified treatment strategies over decades. Accumulating evidence suggests that lineage-specific transcriptional regulators control differentiation states during cancer evolution and underlie their distinct biological behaviors. In this study, by investigating the super-enhancer landscape of LUSC, we identified a previously undescribed "neural" subtype defined by Sox2 and a neural lineage factor Brn2, as well as the classical LUSC subtype defined by Sox2 and its classical squamous partner p63. Robust protein-protein interaction and genomic cooccupancy of Sox2 and Brn2, in place for p63 in the classical LUSC, indicated their transcriptional cooperation imparting this unique lineage state in the "neural" LUSC. Forced expression of p63 downregulated Brn2 in the "neural" LUSC cells and invoked the classical LUSC lineage with more squamous/epithelial features, which were accompanied by increased activities of ErbB/Akt and MAPK-ERK pathways, suggesting differential dependency. Collectively, our data demonstrate heterogeneous cell lineage states of LUSC featured by Sox2 cooperation with Brn2 or p63, for which distinct therapeutic approaches may be warranted. SIGNIFICANCE: Epigenomic profiling reveals a novel subtype of lung squamous cell carcinoma with neural differentiation.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/24/6084/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ranran Kong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Abhilasha Sinha
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Prashanth Chandramani-Shivalingappa
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ayushi Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Maya Fridrikh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Osamu Nagano
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mary Beth Beasley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Charles A Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jun Zhu
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, Connecticut
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. .,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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15
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Maimaiti S, Koshida R, Ojima M, Kulathunga K, Oishi H, Takahashi S. Neuron-specific Mafb knockout causes growth retardation accompanied by an impaired growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis. Exp Anim 2019; 68:435-442. [PMID: 31092767 PMCID: PMC6842794 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian postnatal growth is regulated primarily by the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like
growth factor I (IGF-I) axis. MafB is a basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor
that has pleiotropic functions. Although MafB plays a critical role in fetal brain
development, such as in guidance for hindbrain segmentation, its postnatal role in neurons
remains to be elucidated. To investigate this, we used neuron-specific
Mafb conditional knockout (cKO) mice. In addition to an approximately
50% neonatal viability, the Mafb cKO mice exhibited growth retardation
without apparent signs of low energy intake. Notably, serum IGF-I levels of these mice in
the postnatal stage were lower than those of control mice. They seemed to have a
neuroendocrine dysregulation, as shown by the upregulation of serum GH levels in the
resting state and an inconsistent secretory response of GH upon administration of growth
hormone-releasing hormone. These findings reveal that neuronal MafB plays an important
role in postnatal development regulated by the GH/IGF-I axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayida Maimaiti
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Present address: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Koshida
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Masami Ojima
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kaushalya Kulathunga
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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16
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Shang Z, Chen D, Wang Q, Wang S, Deng Q, Wu L, Liu C, Ding X, Wang S, Zhong J, Zhang D, Cai X, Zhu S, Yang H, Liu L, Fink JL, Chen F, Liu X, Gao Z, Xu X. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals dynamic transcriptome profiling in human early neural differentiation. Gigascience 2018; 7:5099469. [PMID: 30239706 PMCID: PMC6420650 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Investigating cell fate decision and subpopulation specification in the context of the neural lineage is fundamental to understanding neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. The differentiation process of neural-tube-like rosettes in vitro is representative of neural tube structures, which are composed of radially organized, columnar epithelial cells and give rise to functional neural cells. However, the underlying regulatory network of cell fate commitment during early neural differentiation remains elusive. Results In this study, we investigated the genome-wide transcriptome profile of single cells from six consecutive reprogramming and neural differentiation time points and identified cellular subpopulations present at each differentiation stage. Based on the inferred reconstructed trajectory and the characteristics of subpopulations contributing the most toward commitment to the central nervous system lineage at each stage during differentiation, we identified putative novel transcription factors in regulating neural differentiation. In addition, we dissected the dynamics of chromatin accessibility at the neural differentiation stages and revealed active cis-regulatory elements for transcription factors known to have a key role in neural differentiation as well as for those that we suggest are also involved. Further, communication network analysis demonstrated that cellular interactions most frequently occurred in the embryoid body stage and that each cell subpopulation possessed a distinctive spectrum of ligands and receptors associated with neural differentiation that could reflect the identity of each subpopulation. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive and integrative study of the transcriptomics and epigenetics of human early neural differentiation, which paves the way for a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms driving the differentiation of the neural lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouchun Shang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Quanlei Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Liang Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurogenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiangning Ding
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shiyou Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jixing Zhong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Doudou Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - J Lynn Fink
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,BGI Australia, L6, CBCRC, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute (UQDI), Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Fang Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
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17
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Adams KV, Morshead CM. Neural stem cell heterogeneity in the mammalian forebrain. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:2-36. [PMID: 29902499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain was long considered an organ that underwent very little change after development. It is now well established that the mammalian central nervous system contains neural stem cells that generate progeny that are capable of making new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The field has advanced rapidly as it strives to understand the basic biology of these precursor cells, and explore their potential to promote brain repair. The purpose of this review is to present current knowledge about the diversity of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and highlight distinctions between neural stem cell populations, throughout development, and within the niche. A comprehensive understanding of neural stem cell heterogeneity will provide insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development and lifelong neurogenesis, and will guide the development of novel strategies to promote regeneration and neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey V Adams
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Canada; Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
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18
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Fujii S, Mori S, Kagechika H, Mendoza Parra MA, Gronemeyer H. Development of biotin-retinoid conjugates as chemical probes for analysis of retinoid function. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2442-2445. [PMID: 29908657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of conjugates consisting of the synthetic retinoid Am580 and biotin connected via a linker moiety. We found that the linking substructure between the retinoid part and the biotin part is critical for retaining the biological activity. Conjugate 4 with a shorter linker showed similar potency to endogenous retinoid ATRA (1) and the parent compound Am580 (2) for neural differentiation of mouse embryotic carcinoma P19 cells, and showed the same pattern of induction of gene expression. It is expected to be useful as a probe for investigations of retinoid function. The design rationale and structure-activity relationship of the linker moiety are expected to be helpful for developing biotin conjugates of other nuclear receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Fujii
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Mori
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Marco Antonio Mendoza Parra
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Université de Strasbourg, BP 10142, Illkirch Cedex 67404, France.
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Université de Strasbourg, BP 10142, Illkirch Cedex 67404, France
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19
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Ogawa K, Suga H, Ozone C, Sakakibara M, Yamada T, Kano M, Mitsumoto K, Kasai T, Kodani Y, Nagasaki H, Yamamoto N, Hagiwara D, Goto M, Banno R, Sugimura Y, Arima H. Vasopressin-secreting neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells through specific induction of dorsal hypothalamic progenitors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3615. [PMID: 29483626 PMCID: PMC5827757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) neurons exist in the hypothalamus, a major region of the diencephalon, and play an essential role in water balance. Here, we established the differentiation method for AVP-secreting neurons from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by recapitulating in vitro the in vivo embryonic developmental processes of AVP neurons. At first, the differentiation efficiency was improved. That was achieved through the optimization of the culture condition for obtaining dorsal hypothalamic progenitors. Secondly, the induced AVP neurons were identified by immunohistochemistry and these neurons secreted AVP after potassium chloride stimulation. Additionally, other hypothalamic neuropeptides were also detected, such as oxytocin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, pro-opiomelanocortin, agouti-related peptide, orexin, and melanin-concentrating hormone. This is the first report describing the generation of secretory AVP neurons derived from hESCs. This method will be applicable to research using disease models and, potentially, for regenerative medicine of the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Ogawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Suga
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Chikafumi Ozone
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mayu Sakakibara
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomiko Yamada
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kano
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mitsumoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Kodani
- Department of Physiology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagasaki
- Department of Physiology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Histochemistry, Fujita Health University Institute of Joint Research, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Motomitsu Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Banno
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sugimura
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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20
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Firat E, Niedermann G. FoxO proteins or loss of functional p53 maintain stemness of glioblastoma stem cells and survival after ionizing radiation plus PI3K/mTOR inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54883-54896. [PMID: 27448972 PMCID: PMC5342388 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors do not effectively radiosensitize glioblastoma multiforme stem cells (GBM-SCs), but p53-proficient GBM-SCs are more responsive than p53-deficient ones. Here, we found that p53-proficient, but not p53-deficient, GBM-SCs lost stemness and differentiated after γ-irradiation combined with PI3K/mTOR inhibition; expression of FoxO proteins was also lost. FoxO overexpression inhibited the loss of stem cell markers under these conditions. Combined, but not single, FoxO1/3 deletion or pharmacological inhibition of FoxO transcriptional activity strongly reduced stem and progenitor marker expression, particularly that of Sox2. Binding of FoxO1 and FoxO3 to the sox2 regulatory regions was also found. However, combined FoxO1/3 knockdown strongly reduced self-renewal and post-treatment survival only in p53-proficient GBM-SCs. This suggests that FoxO1 and FoxO3 are crucial for functional stemness and post-treatment survival mainly in p53-proficient but not in p53-deficient GBM-SCs, and that these functions can be maintained through the loss of DNA damage-responsive p53 instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Firat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Jimenez-Gonzalez A, García-Concejo A, León-Lobera F, Rodriguez RE. Morphine delays neural stem cells differentiation by facilitating Nestin overexpression. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:474-484. [PMID: 29111275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphine is used as an analgesic although it causes important secondary effects. These effects are triggered by several mechanisms leading to the dysregulation of gene expression. Here we aimed to study these alterations on neural stem cells (NSC) during CNS development. METHODS AB strain and tg nestin:GFP zebrafish embryos, zebrafish primary neuron culture and mouse embryonic stem cells were used to assess the effect of morphine by qPCR, time lapse microscopy and western blot. ChIP-qPCR and bisulfite conversion assay were performed to determine the changes exerted by morphine in a Nestin candidate enhancer. RESULTS Morphine increases GFP in nestin:GFP embryos and overexpresses the NSC marker Nestin. Morphine also exerts a hyperacetylation effect on H3K27 and decreases DNA methylation within a region located 18 Kb upstream nestin transcription starting site. Here, a binding site for the transcription factor complex Sox2/Oct4/Nanog was predicted. These factors are also upregulated by morphine. Besides, morphine increases the histone acetyl transferase p300. The inhibition of p300 activity decreases Nestin. CONCLUSIONS Morphine facilitates Nestin increase by several mechanisms which include hyperacetylation of H3K27, decreased DNA methylation and the overexpression of the transcription factors sox2, oct4 and nanog. It has also been demonstrated that nestin levels depend on p300 activity. The facilitated Nestin expression delays the normal differentiation of neural stem cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present work provides novel evidence of the effects induced by morphine in the normal differentiation of NSCs, altering Nestin through changes on p300, H3K27ac, DNA methylation and Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y Leon (INCyL). University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adrián García-Concejo
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y Leon (INCyL). University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando León-Lobera
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y Leon (INCyL). University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel E Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y Leon (INCyL). University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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22
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Wu W, Jin YQ, Gao Z. Directly reprogramming fibroblasts into adipogenic, neurogenic and hepatogenic differentiation lineages by defined factors. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2685-2690. [PMID: 28587331 PMCID: PMC5450766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of adult cells into pluripotent cells or directly into alternative adult cell types represents a great potential technology for regenerative medicine. In the present study, the potential of key developmental adipogenic, neurogenic and hepatogenic regulators to reprogram human fibroblasts into adipocytes, neurocytes and hepatocytes was investigated. The results demonstrated that direct reprogramming of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)β activated C/EBPα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression, inducing the conversion of fibroblasts into adipocytes. Similarly, direct reprogramming of the transcription factors sex determining region-box 2, trans-acting T-cell specific transcription factor (GATA-3) and neurogenic differentiation 1 in fibroblasts may induce neurogenic differentiation through hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) transfection. Moreover, hepatogenic differentiation was induced by combining the direct reprogramming of Oct4, GATA-3, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox α and forkhead box protein A2 in fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that specific transcription factors and reprogramming factors are able to directly reprogram fibroblasts into adipogenic, neurogenic and hepatogenic differentiation lineages by HVJ-E transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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23
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Davis TL, Rebay I. Master regulators in development: Views from the Drosophila retinal determination and mammalian pluripotency gene networks. Dev Biol 2016; 421:93-107. [PMID: 27979656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the mechanisms that steer cells to their correct fate during development, master regulatory networks are unique in their sufficiency to trigger a developmental program outside of its normal context. In this review we discuss the key features that underlie master regulatory potency during normal and ectopic development, focusing on two examples, the retinal determination gene network (RDGN) that directs eye development in the fruit fly and the pluripotency gene network (PGN) that maintains cell fate competency in the early mammalian embryo. In addition to the hierarchical transcriptional activation, extensive positive transcriptional feedback, and cooperative protein-protein interactions that enable master regulators to override competing cellular programs, recent evidence suggests that network topology must also be dynamic, with extensive rewiring of the interactions and feedback loops required to navigate the correct sequence of developmental transitions to reach a final fate. By synthesizing the in vivo evidence provided by the RDGN with the extensive mechanistic insight gleaned from the PGN, we highlight the unique regulatory capabilities that continual reorganization into new hierarchies confers on master control networks. We suggest that deeper understanding of such dynamics should be a priority, as accurate spatiotemporal remodeling of network topology will undoubtedly be essential for successful stem cell based therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor L Davis
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ilaria Rebay
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Cell types are the basic building blocks of multicellular organisms and are extensively diversified in animals. Despite recent advances in characterizing cell types, classification schemes remain ambiguous. We propose an evolutionary definition of a cell type that allows cell types to be delineated and compared within and between species. Key to cell type identity are evolutionary changes in the 'core regulatory complex' (CoRC) of transcription factors, that make emergent sister cell types distinct, enable their independent evolution and regulate cell type-specific traits termed apomeres. We discuss the distinction between developmental and evolutionary lineages, and present a roadmap for future research.
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25
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Prenatal β-catenin/Brn2/Tbr2 transcriptional cascade regulates adult social and stereotypic behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1417-33. [PMID: 26830142 PMCID: PMC5685528 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Social interaction is a fundamental behavior in all animal species, but the developmental timing of the social neural circuit formation and the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing its formation are poorly understood. We generated a mouse model with mutations in two Disheveled genes, Dvl1 and Dvl3, that displays adult social and repetitive behavioral abnormalities associated with transient embryonic brain enlargement during deep layer cortical neuron formation. These phenotypes were mediated by the embryonic expansion of basal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) via deregulation of a β-catenin/Brn2/Tbr2 transcriptional cascade. Transient pharmacological activation of the canonical Wnt pathway during this period of early corticogenesis rescued the β-catenin/Brn2/Tbr2 transcriptional cascade and the embryonic brain phenotypes. Remarkably, this embryonic treatment prevented adult behavioral deficits and partially rescued abnormal brain structure in Dvl mutant mice. Our findings define a mechanism that links fetal brain development and adult behavior, demonstrating a fetal origin for social and repetitive behavior deficits seen in disorders such as autism.
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26
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Peretz Y, Eren N, Kohl A, Hen G, Yaniv K, Weisinger K, Cinnamon Y, Sela-Donenfeld D. A new role of hindbrain boundaries as pools of neural stem/progenitor cells regulated by Sox2. BMC Biol 2016; 14:57. [PMID: 27392568 PMCID: PMC4938926 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compartment boundaries are an essential developmental mechanism throughout evolution, designated to act as organizing centers and to regulate and localize differently fated cells. The hindbrain serves as a fascinating example for this phenomenon as its early development is devoted to the formation of repetitive rhombomeres and their well-defined boundaries in all vertebrates. Yet, the actual role of hindbrain boundaries remains unresolved, especially in amniotes. Results Here, we report that hindbrain boundaries in the chick embryo consist of a subset of cells expressing the key neural stem cell (NSC) gene Sox2. These cells co-express other neural progenitor markers such as Transitin (the avian Nestin), GFAP, Pax6 and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. The majority of the Sox2+ cells that reside within the boundary core are slow-dividing, whereas nearer to and within rhombomeres Sox2+ cells are largely proliferating. In vivo analyses and cell tracing experiments revealed the contribution of boundary Sox2+ cells to neurons in a ventricular-to-mantle manner within the boundaries, as well as their lateral contribution to proliferating Sox2+ cells in rhombomeres. The generation of boundary-derived neurospheres from hindbrain cultures confirmed the typical NSC behavior of boundary cells as a multipotent and self-renewing Sox2+ cell population. Inhibition of Sox2 in boundaries led to enhanced and aberrant neural differentiation together with inhibition in cell-proliferation, whereas Sox2 mis-expression attenuated neurogenesis, confirming its significant function in hindbrain neuronal organization. Conclusions Data obtained in this study deciphers a novel role of hindbrain boundaries as repetitive pools of neural stem/progenitor cells, which provide proliferating progenitors and differentiating neurons in a Sox2-dependent regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0277-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Peretz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Noa Eren
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ayelet Kohl
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Gideon Hen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Karen Weisinger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuval Cinnamon
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Sahu SK, Fritz A, Tiwari N, Kovacs Z, Pouya A, Wüllner V, Bora P, Schacht T, Baumgart J, Peron S, Berninger B, Tiwari VK, Methner A. TOX3 regulates neural progenitor identity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:833-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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Chen HY, Lee YH, Chen HY, Yeh CA, Chueh PJ, Lin YMJ. Capsaicin Inhibited Aggressive Phenotypes through Downregulation of Tumor-Associated NADH Oxidase (tNOX) by POU Domain Transcription Factor POU3F2. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060733. [PMID: 27271588 PMCID: PMC6273514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin has been reported to preferentially inhibit the activity of tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX), which belongs to a family of growth-related plasma membrane hydroquinone oxidases in cancer/transformed cells. The inhibitory effect of capsaicin on tNOX is associated with cell growth attenuation and apoptosis. However, no previous study has examined the transcriptional regulation of tNOX protein expression. Bioinformatic analysis has indicated that the tNOX promoter sequence harbors a binding motif for POU3F2, which is thought to play important roles in neuronal differentiation, melanocytes growth/differentiation and tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that capsaicin-mediated tNOX downregulation and cell migration inhibition were through POU3F2. The protein expression levels of POU3F2 and tNOX are positively correlated, and that overexpression of POU3F2 (and the corresponding upregulation of tNOX) enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion in AGS (human gastric carcinoma) cells. In contrast, knockdown of POU3F2 downregulates tNOX, and the cancer phenotypes are affected. These findings not only shed light on the molecular mechanism of the anticancer properties of capsaicin, but also the transcription regulation of tNOX expression that may potentially explain how POU3F2 is associated with tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Yen Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Yi Hui Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Huei Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Chia An Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Pin Ju Chueh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Mei J Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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29
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Lestanova Z, Bacova Z, Kiss A, Havranek T, Strbak V, Bakos J. Oxytocin Increases Neurite Length and Expression of Cytoskeletal Proteins Associated with Neuronal Growth. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 59:184-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Sokolik C, Liu Y, Bauer D, McPherson J, Broeker M, Heimberg G, Qi LS, Sivak DA, Thomson M. Transcription factor competition allows embryonic stem cells to distinguish authentic signals from noise. Cell Syst 2015; 1:117-129. [PMID: 26405695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells occupy variable environments where they must distinguish stochastic fluctuations from developmental cues. Here, we use optogenetics to investigate how the pluripotency network in embryonic stem (ES) cells achieves a robust response to differentiation cues but not to gene expression fluctuations. We engineered ES cells in which we could quantitatively ontrol the endogenous mechanism of neural differentiation through a light-inducible Brn2 transgene and monitor differentiation status through a genome-integrated Nanog-GFP reporter. By exposing cells to pulses of Brn2, we find that the pluripotency network rejects Brn2 inputs that are below specific magnitude or duration thresholds, but allows rapid differentiation when both thresholds are satisfied. The filtering properties of the network arise through its positive feedback architecture and the intrinsic half-life of Nanog, which determines the duration threshold in the network. Together our results suggest that the dynamic properties of positive-feedback networks might determine how inputs are classified as signal or noise by stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Sokolik
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - David Bauer
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Jade McPherson
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Michael Broeker
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Graham Heimberg
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Lei S Qi
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - David A Sivak
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Matt Thomson
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
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31
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Qiao Y, Wang X, Wang R, Li Y, Yu F, Yang X, Song L, Xu G, Chin YE, Jing N. AF9 promotes hESC neural differentiation through recruiting TET2 to neurodevelopmental gene loci for methylcytosine hydroxylation. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15017. [PMID: 27462416 PMCID: PMC4860857 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AF9 mutations have been implicated in human neurodevelopmental diseases and murine Af9 mediates histone methylation during cortical neuron generation. However, AF9 function and related mechanisms in human neurodevelopment remain unknown. Here we show that AF9 is necessary and sufficient for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) neural differentiation and neurodevelopmental gene activation. The 5-methylcytosine (5mC) dioxygenase TET2, which was identified in an AF9-associated protein complex, physically interacted with AF9. Both AF9 and TET2 co-localized in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)-positive hESC-derived neurons and were required for appropriate hESC neural differentiation. Upon binding to AAC-containing motifs, AF9 recruited TET2 to occupy the common neurodevelopmental gene loci to direct 5mC-to-5hmC conversion, which was followed by sequential activation of neural target genes and hESC neural commitment. These findings define an AF9-TET2 regulatory complex for modulating human neural development and reveal a novel mechanism by which the AF9 recognition specificity and TET2 hydroxylation activity cooperate to control neurodevelopmental gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Xianfa Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
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Song L, Sun N, Peng G, Chen J, Han JDJ, Jing N. Genome-wide ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses of Pou3f1 during mouse pluripotent stem cell neural fate commitment. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:375-7. [PMID: 26484290 PMCID: PMC4583692 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate neural initiation of the pluripotent stem cells in the early embryos is critical for the development of the central nervous system. This process is regulated by the coordination of extrinsic signals and intrinsic programs. However, how the coordination is achieved to ensure proper neural fate commitment is largely unknown. Here, taking advantage of genome-wide ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses, we demonstrate that the transcriptional factor Pou3f1 is an upstream activator of neural-promoting genes, and it is able to repress neural-inhibitory signals as well. Further studies revealed that Pou3f1 could directly bind neural lineage genes like Sox2 and downstream targets of neural inhibition signaling such as BMP and Wnt. Our results thus identify Pou3f1 as a critical dual-regulator of the intrinsic transcription factors and the extrinsic cellular signals during neural fate commitment. Data were deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets under reference number GSE69865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-Dong Jackie Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Komada M, Takahashi M, Ikeda Y. Involvement of SF-1 in neurogenesis and neuronal migration in the developing neocortex. Neurosci Lett 2015; 600:85-90. [PMID: 26067405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) plays essential roles in the development and function of the endocrine and reproductive systems. During embryogenesis, SF-1 is expressed in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) and regulates the migration and terminal differentiation of the VMH neurons. Additionally, in situ hybridization data indicated SF-1 expression in the dorsal telencephalon at embryonic day (E) 13.5. In this study, we investigated the neocortical development in SF-1 knockout (KO) mouse embryos. The number of neurons was increased in the intermediate/subventricular zones and decreased in the cortical plate in the SF-1 KO embryos. SF-1 KO embryos produced more neural stem/progenitor cells, especially apical progenitor cells, and showed abnormal radial glial fiber morphology. The increase in neural stem/progenitor cells was caused by an increased S-phase fraction in the proliferative cells and the inhibition of cell cycle exit in these cells. The mRNA expression of the estrogen receptor ESRα was up-regulated and that of the estrogen synthetase Cyp19a1 was down-regulated in the dorsal telencephalon of SF-1 KO embryos. We showed that SF-1 is expressed in the dorsal telencephalon at E15.5 and E18.5, but not in adult animals. Our data demonstrated that SF-1 is involved in cell cycle regulation, neurogenesis, and neuronal migration via controlling the estrogen signaling for proper neocortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munekazu Komada
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mifumi Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yayoi Ikeda
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Kitano S, Kino Y, Yamamoto Y, Takitani M, Miyoshi J, Ishida T, Saito Y, Arima K, Satoh JI. Bioinformatics Data Mining Approach Suggests Coexpression of AGTPBP1 with an ALS-linked Gene C9orf72. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2015; 7:15-26. [PMID: 26106267 PMCID: PMC4467204 DOI: 10.4137/jcnsd.s24317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanded GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeats located in the noncoding region of the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene represent the most common genetic abnormality for familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Formation of nuclear RNA foci, accumulation of repeat-associated non-ATG-translated dipeptide-repeat proteins, and haploinsufficiency of C9orf72 are proposed for pathological mechanisms of C9ALS/FTD. However, at present, the physiological function of C9orf72 remains largely unknown. METHODS By searching on a bioinformatics database named COXPRESdb composed of the comprehensive gene coexpression data, we studied potential C9orf72 interactors. RESULTS We identified the ATP/GTP binding protein 1 (AGTPBP1) gene alternatively named NNA1 encoding a cytosolic carboxypeptidase whose mutation is causative of the degeneration of Purkinje cells and motor neurons as the most significant gene coexpressed with C9orf72. We verified coexpression and interaction of AGTPBP1 and C9orf72 in transfected cells by immunoprecipitation and in neurons of the human brain by double-labeling immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between AGTPBP1 and C9orf72 mRNA expression levels in the set of 21 human brains examined. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AGTPBP1 serves as a C9orf72 interacting partner that plays a role in the regulation of neuronal function in a coordinated manner within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouta Kitano
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kino
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Takitani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Miyoshi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, NCGM, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Arima
- Department of Psychiatry, Komoro Kogen Hospital, Komoro, Nagano, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Satoh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu P, Dou X, Peng G, Han JDJ, Jing N. Genome-wide analysis of histone acetylation dynamics during mouse embryonic stem cell neural differentiation. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:15-6. [PMID: 26484213 PMCID: PMC4583617 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification as an intrinsic fine-tune program cooperates with key transcription factors to regulate the cell fate determination. The histone acetylation participating in neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is expected but not well studied. Here, using acetylated histone H3 ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq), we demonstrate that the histone H3 acetylation level is gradually increased on the neural gene loci while decreased on the neural-inhibitory gene loci during mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) neural differentiation. We further show that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is essential for neural commitment by targeting Nodal signaling. Thus, our study reveals a mechanism by which the epigenetic modification of histone acetylation/deacetylation interacts with extracellular signaling in mESC neural fate determination. Data were deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets under reference number GSE66025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoyang Dou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-Dong Jackie Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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36
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Histone deacetylation promotes mouse neural induction by restricting Nodal-dependent mesendoderm fate. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6830. [PMID: 25904100 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell fate determination requires the cooperation between extrinsic signals and intrinsic molecules including transcription factors as well as epigenetic regulators. Nevertheless, how neural fate commitment is regulated by epigenetic modifications remains largely unclear. Here we show that transient histone deacetylation at epiblast stage promotes neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) deficiency in mESCs partially phenocopies the inhibition of histone deacetylation in vitro, and displays reduced incorporation into neural tissues in chimeric mouse embryos in vivo. Mechanistic studies show that Nodal, which is repressed by histone deacetylation, is a direct target of HDAC1. Furthermore, the inhibition of histone deacetylation in the anterior explant of mouse embryos at E7.0 leads to Nodal activation and neural development repression. Thus, our study reveals an intrinsic mechanism that epigenetic histone deacetylation ensures neural fate commitment by restricting Nodal signalling in murine anterior epiblast ex vivo and mESC in vitro.
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37
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Qiao Y, Wang R, Yang X, Tang K, Jing N. Dual roles of histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation in human embryonic stem cell pluripotency and neural differentiation. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2508-20. [PMID: 25519907 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early neurodevelopment requires cell fate commitment from pluripotent stem cells to restricted neural lineages, which involves the epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure and lineage-specific gene transcription. However, it remains unclear how histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9Ac), an epigenetic mark representing transcriptionally active chromatin, is involved in the neural commitment from pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In this study, we demonstrate that H3K9Ac gradually declines during the first 4 days of in vitro neural differentiation of human ESCs (hESCs) and then increases during days 4-8. Consistent with this finding, the H3K9Ac enrichment at several pluripotency genes was decreased, and H3K9Ac occupancies at the loci of neurodevelopmental genes increased during hESC neural commitment. Inhibiting H3K9 deacetylation on days 0-4 by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) promoted hESC pluripotency and suppressed its neural differentiation. Conversely, HDACi-elicited up-regulation of H3K9 acetylation on days 4-8 enhanced neural differentiation and activated multiple neurodevelopmental genes. Mechanistically, HDACis promote pluripotency gene transcription to support hESC self-renewal through suppressing HDAC3 activity. During hESC neural commitment, HDACis relieve the inhibitory activities of HDAC1/5/8 and thereby promote early neurodevelopmental gene expression by interfering with gene-specific histone acetylation patterns. Furthermore, p300 is primarily identified as the major histone acetyltransferase involved in both hESC pluripotency and neural differentiation. Our results indicate that epigenetic modification plays pivotal roles during the early neural specification of hESCs. The histone acetylation, which is regulated by distinct HDAC members at different neurodevelopmental stages, plays dual roles in hESC pluripotency maintenance and neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Qiao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ran Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xianfa Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, the School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Ke Tang
- the Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China,
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38
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Can the ‘neuron theory’ be complemented by a universal mechanism for generic neuronal differentiation. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:343-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Differentiation of human umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells into neural-like progenitor cells and maturation into an oligodendroglial-like lineage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111059. [PMID: 25357129 PMCID: PMC4214693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are viewed as safe, readily available and promising adult stem cells, which are currently used in several clinical trials. Additionally, their soluble-factor secretion and multi-lineage differentiation capacities place MSCs in the forefront of stem cell types with expected near-future clinical applications. In the present work MSCs were isolated from the umbilical cord matrix (Wharton's jelly) of human umbilical cord samples. The cells were thoroughly characterized and confirmed as bona-fide MSCs, presenting in vitro low generation time, high proliferative and colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) capacity, typical MSC immunophenotype and osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity. The cells were additionally subjected to an oligodendroglial-oriented step-wise differentiation protocol in order to test their neural- and oligodendroglial-like differentiation capacity. The results confirmed the neural-like plasticity of MSCs, and suggested that the cells presented an oligodendroglial-like phenotype throughout the differentiation protocol, in several aspects sharing characteristics common to those of bona-fide oligodendrocyte precursor cells and differentiated oligodendrocytes.
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40
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Zhu Q, Song L, Peng G, Sun N, Chen J, Zhang T, Sheng N, Tang W, Qian C, Qiao Y, Tang K, Han JDJ, Li J, Jing N. The transcription factor Pou3f1 promotes neural fate commitment via activation of neural lineage genes and inhibition of external signaling pathways. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 24929964 PMCID: PMC4095939 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural fate commitment of pluripotent stem cells requires the repression of extrinsic inhibitory signals and the activation of intrinsic positive transcription factors. However, how these two events are integrated to ensure appropriate neural conversion remains unclear. In this study, we showed that Pou3f1 is essential for the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), specifically during the transition from epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) to neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Chimeric analysis showed that Pou3f1 knockdown leads to a markedly decreased incorporation of ESCs in the neuroectoderm. By contrast, Pou3f1-overexpressing ESC derivatives preferentially contribute to the neuroectoderm. Genome-wide ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses indicated that Pou3f1 is an upstream activator of neural lineage genes, and also is a repressor of BMP and Wnt signaling. Our results established that Pou3f1 promotes the neural fate commitment of pluripotent stem cells through a dual role, activating internal neural induction programs and antagonizing extrinsic neural inhibitory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nengyin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbo Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing-Dong Jackie Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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41
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Yuan H, Chen R, Wu L, Chen Q, Hu A, Zhang T, Wang Z, Zhu X. The regulatory mechanism of neurogenesis by IGF-1 in adult mice. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:512-22. [PMID: 24777577 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors like insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is reported to mediate neurogenesis in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain, but its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. We generated transgenic mice overexpressing IGF-1 specifically in neural stem cells (NSCs) and assessed the effect of IGF-1 on neurogenesis in adult mice NSCs. Overexpression of IGF-1 could stimulate the expression of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK1/2 while inducing proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the SGZ and SVZ. The MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 could inhibit ERK1/2 phosphorylation, further inhibiting the proliferation of NSCs in the SGZ and SVZ but had no effect on the phosphorylation of Akt. By contrast, The PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and differentiation of NSCs in the SGZ and SVZ, resulting in no change in the proliferation of NSCs and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that IGF-1 upregulates the proliferation of NSCs by triggering MEK/ERK pathway signaling in the adult mice SGZ and SVZ. Meanwhile, IGF-1 also induces differentiation of NSCs via the PI3K/Akt pathway in adult mice. However, we found no evidence of crosstalk between the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways in adult mice NSCs. Our work provides new experimental evidence of the involvement of the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways in the proliferation and differentiation of the NSCs of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Yuan
- Research Center for Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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42
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Nakamura Y, Kurotaki Y, Ise K, Felizola SJA, McNamara KM, Sasano H. GATA6, SF1, NGFIB and DAX1 in the remodeled subcapsular zones in primary aldosteronism. Endocr J 2014; 61:393-401. [PMID: 24531914 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the cases diagnosed as primary aldosteronism (PA) are caused by aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) or idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). Histopathologically, both IHA and adjacent adrenal glands of APA demonstrate remodeled subcapsular zone (RSZ) but these zones in two disorders are markedly different in terms of steroidogenesis. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ⁵-Δ⁴ isomerase (3β-HSD) expression has been known to be activated synergistically by GATA6 and SF1, and repressed by DAX1 through abolishing the activation. Nerve growth factor-induced clone B (NGFIB) is also known as one of the transcription factors to bind to and activate 3β-HSD promoter. The results of our immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the expression levels of 3β-HSD in RSZ of IHA were higher than in RSZ of adjacent adrenals of APA, while those in the zona glomerulosa (ZG) of normal adrenal gland (NA) were in between these two RSZs. The expression levels of GATA6, SF1 and DAX1 did not prominently differ among these three types of adrenals, especially between in RSZs of IHA and APA cases, indicating the marked difference of 3β-HSD expression was unlikely to be explained by the levels of these three factors. However, the levels of NGFIB expression were significantly higher in RSZ of IHA than in RSZ of adjacent adrenals of APA and the ZG of NA (P<0.05), which may partly account for the expression levels of 3β-HSD among the three groups of adrenals. These results may imply NGFIB plays important roles in the marked differences in steroidogenic functions in the two distinct types of RSZ of PA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980- 8575, Japan
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43
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Ye X, Wu F, Wu C, Wang P, Jung K, Gopal K, Ma Y, Li L, Lai R. β-Catenin, a Sox2 binding partner, regulates the DNA binding and transcriptional activity of Sox2 in breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2013; 26:492-501. [PMID: 24291232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sox2, an embryonic stem cell marker, has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation, we identified β-catenin as a Sox2 binding partner in MCF7 cells. The interaction between Sox2 and β-catenin was substantially different between the two cell subsets separated based on their differential responsiveness to a Sox2 reporter. Specifically, while β-catenin binds to Sox2 in the nuclear fraction of cells showing reporter-responsiveness (i.e. RR cells), this interaction was not detectable in those that were reporter-unresponsive (i.e. RU cells). In RR but not in RU cells, siRNA knockdown of β-catenin significantly upregulated the Sox2 transcriptional activity, enhanced its DNA binding and increased the expression of its target genes. Correlating with these findings, while inhibition of β-catenin significantly downregulated the mammosphere formation efficiency in RU cells, this treatment paradoxically increased that of RR cells. To conclude, we identified that β-catenin is an important binding partner of Sox2 and a regulator of its transcriptional activity in a small subset of BC cells. The interaction between Sox2 and β-catenin provides a novel mechanism underlying the functional dichotomy of BC cells, which carries potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chengsheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yupo Ma
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; DynaLIFE(DX) Medical Laboratories, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Stergiopoulos A, Politis PK. The role of nuclear receptors in controlling the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 534:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bery A, Martynoga B, Guillemot F, Joly JS, Rétaux S. Characterization of enhancers active in the mouse embryonic cerebral cortex suggests Sox/Pou cis-regulatory logics and heterogeneity of cortical progenitors. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:2822-34. [PMID: 23720416 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify cis-regulatory elements that control gene expression in progenitors of the cerebral cortex. A list of 975 putative enhancers were retrieved from a ChIP-Seq experiment performed in NS5 mouse stem cells with antibodies to Sox2, Brn2/Pou3f2, or Brn1/Pou3f3. Through a selection pipeline including gene ontology and expression pattern, we reduced the number of candidate enhancer sequences to 20. Ex vivo electroporation of green fluorescent pProtein (GFP) reporter constructs in the telencephalon of mouse embryos showed that 35% of the 20 selected candidate sequences displayed enhancer activity in the developing cortex at E13.5. In silico transcription factor binding site (TFBS) searches and mutagenesis experiments showed that enhancer activity is related to the presence of Sox/Pou TFBS pairs in the sequence. Comparative genomic analyses showed that enhancer activity is not related to the evolutionary conservation of the sequence. Finally, the combination of in utero electroporation of GFP reporter constructs with immunostaining for Tbr2 (basal progenitor marker) and phospho-histoneH3 (mitotic activity marker) demonstrated that each enhancer is specifically active in precise subpopulations of progenitors in the cortical germinal zone, highlighting the heterogeneity of these progenitors in terms of cis-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jean-Stéphane Joly
- Equipe Morphogenesis of the Chordate Nervous System, UPR3294 N&D, Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and
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Valamanesh F, Monnin J, Morand-Villeneuve N, Michel G, Zaher M, Miloudi S, Chemouni D, Jeanny JC, Versaux-Botteri C. Nestin expression in the retina of rats with inherited retinal degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2013; 110:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Cui L, Guan Y, Qu Z, Zhang J, Liao B, Ma B, Qian J, Li D, Li W, Xu GT, Jin Y. WNT signaling determines tumorigenicity and function of ESC-derived retinal progenitors. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1647-61. [PMID: 23524971 PMCID: PMC3613909 DOI: 10.1172/jci65048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor formation constitutes a major obstacle to the clinical application of embryonic stem cell-derived (ESC-derived) cells. In an attempt to find major extracellular signaling and intrinsic factors controlling tumorigenicity and therapeutic functionality of transplanted ESC-derived retinal progenitor cells (ESC-RPCs), we evaluated multiple kinds of ESC-RPCs in a mouse retinal degeneration model and conducted genome-wide gene expression profiling. We identified canonical WNT signaling as a critical determinant for the tumorigenicity and therapeutic function of ESC-RPCs. The function of WNT signaling is primarily mediated by TCF7, which directly induces expression of Sox2 and Nestin. Inhibition of WNT signaling, overexpression of dominant-negative Tcf7, and silencing Tcf7, Sox2, or Nestin all resulted in drastically reduced tumor formation and substantially improved retinal integration and visual preservation in mice. These results demonstrate that the WNT signaling cascade plays a critical role in modulating the tumorigenicity and functionality of ESC-derived progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zepeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dangsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weiye Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital and Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Media, Pennsylvania, USA
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SOX2 co-occupies distal enhancer elements with distinct POU factors in ESCs and NPCs to specify cell state. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003288. [PMID: 23437007 PMCID: PMC3578749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a master regulator of both pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs); however, we currently lack a detailed understanding of how SOX2 controls these distinct stem cell populations. Here we show by genome-wide analysis that, while SOX2 bound to a distinct set of gene promoters in ESCs and NPCs, the majority of regions coincided with unique distal enhancer elements, important cis-acting regulators of tissue-specific gene expression programs. Notably, SOX2 bound the same consensus DNA motif in both cell types, suggesting that additional factors contribute to target specificity. We found that, similar to its association with OCT4 (Pou5f1) in ESCs, the related POU family member BRN2 (Pou3f2) co-occupied a large set of putative distal enhancers with SOX2 in NPCs. Forced expression of BRN2 in ESCs led to functional recruitment of SOX2 to a subset of NPC-specific targets and to precocious differentiation toward a neural-like state. Further analysis of the bound sequences revealed differences in the distances of SOX and POU peaks in the two cell types and identified motifs for additional transcription factors. Together, these data suggest that SOX2 controls a larger network of genes than previously anticipated through binding of distal enhancers and that transitions in POU partner factors may control tissue-specific transcriptional programs. Our findings have important implications for understanding lineage specification and somatic cell reprogramming, where SOX2, OCT4, and BRN2 have been shown to be key factors. In mammals, a few thousand transcription factors regulate the differential expression of more than 20,000 genes to specify ∼200 functionally distinct cell types during development. How this is accomplished has been a major focus of biology. Transcription factors bind non-coding DNA regulatory elements, including proximal promoters and distal enhancers, to control gene expression. Emerging evidence indicates that transcription factor binding at distal enhancers plays an important role in the establishment of tissue-specific gene expression programs during development. Further, combinatorial binding among groups of transcription factors can further increase the diversity and specificity of regulatory modules. Here, we report the genome-wide binding profile of the HMG-box containing transcription factor SOX2 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and we show that SOX2 occupied a distinct set of binding sites with POU homeodomain family members, OCT4 in ESCs and BRN2 in NPCs. Thus, transitions in SOX2-POU partners may control tissue-specific gene networks. Ultimately, a global analysis detailing the combinatorial binding of transcription factors across all tissues is critical to understand cell fate specification in the context of the complex mammalian genome.
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Yan X, Yang Y, Liu W, Geng W, Du H, Cui J, Xie X, Hua J, Yu S, Li L, Chen F. Differentiation of neuron-like cells from mouse parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:293-300. [PMID: 25206669 PMCID: PMC4107530 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells have pluripotent differentiation potentials, akin to fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells. The aim of this study was to compare the neuronal differentiation potential of parthenogenetic and fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells. Before differentiation, karyotype analysis was performed, with normal karyotypes detected in both parthenogenetic and fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells. Sex chromosomes were identified as XX. Immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR detected high expression of the pluripotent gene, Oct4, at both the mRNA and protein levels, indicating pluripotent differentiation potential of the two embryonic stem cell subtypes. Embryonic stem cells were induced with retinoic acid to form embryoid bodies, and then dispersed into single cells. Single cells were differentiated in N2 differentiation medium for 9 days. Immunocytochemistry showed parthenogenetic and fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells both express the neuronal cell markers nestin, βIII-tubulin and myelin basic protein. Quantitative real-time PCR found expression of neurogenesis related genes (Sox-1, Nestin, GABA, Pax6, Zic5 and Pitx1) in both types of embryonic stem cells, and Oct4 expression was significantly decreased. Nestin and Pax6 expression in parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells was significantly higher than that in fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells. Thus, our experimental findings indicate that parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells have stronger neuronal differentiation potential than fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenxin Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huichong Du
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jihong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625001, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liwen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China
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50
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Bakos J, Strbak V, Paulikova H, Krajnakova L, Lestanova Z, Bacova Z. Oxytocin receptor ligands induce changes in cytoskeleton in neuroblastoma cells. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:462-8. [PMID: 23335033 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of ligands of oxytocin receptors on gene expression of neurofilament proteins (nestin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)) associated with neuronal differentiation and growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF)) related to neuronal growth. Fluorescent staining of F-actin was used to observe morphology of cells. Co-treatment with oxytocin and oxytocin receptor antagonist--atosiban--resulted in significant increase of MAP2 gene expression in SK-N-SH cells. There was no effect of oxytocin on gene expression of growth factors BDNF and NGF. Surprisingly, oxytocin with atosiban significantly increased mRNA levels for both BDNF and NGF. Gene expression of vasopressin receptor (V1aR) significantly decreased in response to vasopressin. Atosiban decreased mRNA levels for oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and V1aR. Oxytocin significantly decreased OXTR and nestin mRNA levels and increased mRNA levels for BDNF and NGF in U-87 MG cells. The densest recruitment of F-actin filaments was observed in apical parts of filopodia in SK-N-SH cells incubated in oxytocin presence. Present data demonstrate complex role of ligands of oxytocin receptors in regulation of gene expression of intermediate filaments and thus, oxytocin might be considered as a growth factor in neuronal type of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 3, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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