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Mihalj D, Borbelyova V, Pirnik Z, Bacova Z, Ostatnikova D, Bakos J. Shank3 Deficiency Results in a Reduction in GABAergic Postsynaptic Puncta in the Olfactory Brain Areas. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1008-1016. [PMID: 38183586 PMCID: PMC10902016 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunctional sensory systems, including altered olfactory function, have recently been reported in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Disturbances in olfactory processing can potentially result from gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synaptic abnormalities. The specific molecular mechanism by which GABAergic transmission affects the olfactory system in ASD remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate selected components of the GABAergic system in olfactory brain regions and primary olfactory neurons isolated from Shank3-deficient (-/-) mice, which are known for their autism-like behavioral phenotype. Shank3 deficiency led to a significant reduction in GEPHYRIN/GABAAR colocalization in the piriform cortex and in primary neurons isolated from the olfactory bulb, while no change of cell morphology was observed. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant reduction in the mRNA levels of GABA transporter 1 in the olfactory bulb and Collybistin in the frontal cortex of the Shank3-/- mice compared to WT mice. A similar trend of reduction was observed in the expression of Somatostatin in the frontal cortex of Shank3-/- mice. The analysis of the expression of other GABAergic neurotransmission markers did not yield statistically significant results. Overall, it appears that Shank3 deficiency leads to changes in GABAergic synapses in the brain regions that are important for olfactory information processing, which may represent basis for understanding functional impairments in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Mihalj
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Borbelyova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdeno Pirnik
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Ostatnikova
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovakia.
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Havranek T, Bacova Z, Bakos J. Oxytocin, GABA, and dopamine interplay in autism. Endocr Regul 2024; 58:105-114. [PMID: 38656256 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2024-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin plays an important role in brain development and is associated with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Abnormalities in the production, secretion, and distribution of oxytocin in the brain, at least during some stages of the development, are critical for the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases, particularly in the autism spectrum disorder. The etiology of autism includes changes in local sensory and dopaminergic areas of the brain, which are also supplied by the hypothalamic sources of oxytocin. It is very important to understand their mutual relationship. In this review, the relationship of oxytocin with several components of the dopaminergic system, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmission and their alterations in the autism spectrum disorder is discussed. Special attention has been paid to the results describing a reduced expression of inhibitory GABAergic markers in the brain in the context of dopaminergic areas in various models of autism. It is presumed that the altered GABAergic neurotransmission, due to the absence or dysfunction of oxytocin at certain developmental stages, disinhibits the dopaminergic signaling and contributes to the autism symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Havranek
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Bukatova S, Reichova A, Bacova Z, Bakos J. Neonatal oxytocin treatment alters levels of precursor and mature BDNF forms and modifies the expression of neuronal markers in the male rat hippocampus. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102384. [PMID: 37741113 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide oxytocin appears to be involved in the formation of hippocampal circuitry, underlying social memory and behaviour. Recent studies point to the role of oxytocin in regulating the levels of nerve growth factors that could influence neurogenesis and neuritogenesis during the early stages of brain development. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the early developmental effect of oxytocin administration (P2 and P3 days, two doses, 5 μg/pup, s.c.) on the expression of 1) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) isoforms and 2) GABAergic and glutamatergic markers in the male rat hippocampus. Furthermore, we evaluated the branching of dendrites of primary hippocampal GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in response to incubation with oxytocin (1 μM). We found that after oxytocin administration, levels of proBDNF increased on P5 and mBDNF on P7 in the CA1 hippocampal region. We also observed a reduction in the expression of glutamatergic marker (VGluT2) on P7 compared to P5 in control and oxytocin treated rats. During the early developmental stages (P5, P7, P9) the expression of GABAergic markers (Gad65 and Gad67) decreased regardless of oxytocin treatment. Incubation in a presence of oxytocin reduced branching of glutamatergic hippocampal neurons and the opposite stimulatory effect of oxytocin was observed in GABAergic neurons. These findings suggest that oxytocin affects neurotrophin isoforms in the male rat hippocampus in the early stages of development, which could explain changes in glutamatergic neurons and their morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Bukatova
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Reichova
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Bukatova S, Bacova Z, Osacka J, Bakos J. Mini review of molecules involved in altered postnatal neurogenesis in autism. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37815399 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2269304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The neurobiology of autism is complex, but emerging research points to potential abnormalities and alterations in neurogenesis. The aim of the present review is to describe the advances in the understanding of the role of selected neurotrophins, neuropeptides, and other compounds secreted by neuronal cells in the processes of postnatal neurogenesis in conjunction with autism. We characterize the fundamental mechanisms of neuronal cell proliferation, generation of major neuronal cell types with special emphasis on neurogenic niches - the subventricular zone and hippocampal areas. We also discuss changes in intracellular calcium levels and calcium-dependent transcription factors in the context of the regulation of neurogenesis and cell fate determination. To sum up, this review provides specific insight into the known association between alterations in the function of the entire spectrum of molecules involved in neurogenesis and the etiology of autism pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Bukatova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Osacka
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Havranek T, Mihalj D, Bacova Z, Bakos J. Oxytocin action on components of endoplasmic reticulum in hippocampal neuronal cells. Neurosci Lett 2023; 792:136971. [PMID: 36414131 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the known importance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in protein synthesis and vesicular transport, it is not clear whether neuropeptide and neuromodulator oxytocin can directly affect components of the ER in neuronal cells. Therefore, in the present study, we hypothesize that incubation of hippocampal neuronal cells in a presence of oxytocin 1) plays a role in the regulation of the expression of selected ER chaperone components and molecules involved in unfolded protein response pathway 2) affects distribution of the intracellular fluorescence signal highly selective for the ER. We found that oxytocin (1 μM) after 60 min significantly decreased the gene expression of oxidoreductase Ero1β, chaperone glucose-regulated proteins (Grp) 78 and Grp94. A significant decrease in GRP78 protein levels in response to oxytocin treatment occurred after 30, 60 and 120 min. We also observed a time-dependent increase in calreticulin protein levels with a statistically significant increase observed after 360 min. We found that the dynamics of the ER network changes significantly within 2 h of incubation under the influence of oxytocin. In conclusion we have shown that ER chaperones, oxidoreductases and trafficking molecules in neuronal cells are changing in response to oxytocin treatment in a short-term scenario potentially relevant for growth of dendrites and axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Havranek
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Mihalj
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Z Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Osacka J, Kiss A, Bacova Z, Tillinger A. Effects of antipsychotics, haloperidol and olanzapine, on the expression of apoptosis-related genes in mouse mHippoE-2 cells and rat hippocampus. Endocr Regul 2023; 57:152-161. [PMID: 37561834 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2023-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Modified levels of pro- (caspase3, Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) regulatory proteins have been detected in certain brain areas of schizophrenic patients indicating a possible dysregulation of apoptosis. In the present study, effects of antipsychotics, haloperidol (HAL) and olanzapine (OLA), on the gene expression of caspase3 (casp3), Bax and Bcl-2 were studied in vitro in mouse hippocampal mHippoE-2 cell line and in vivo in the hippocampus of MK-801 animal schizophrenia model with the aim to provide evidence that antipsychotics may affect the activity of apoptosis-related markers. Methods. mHippoE-2 cells were incubated with MK-801 (20 µM), HAL (10 µM), and OLA (10 µM) alone or combined, MK-801+HAL/OLA, for 24, 48, and 72 h. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with saline or MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) for 6 days and since the 7th day, they were treated with vehicle (VEH), HAL (1 mg/kg) or OLA (2 mg/kg) for the next 7 days. The casp3, Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression in mHippoE-2 cells and rat hippocampus was measured by RT-PCR. Results. In mHippoE-2 cells, casp3 gene expression was increased by MK-801 and OLA treatments alone for 48 h, HAL treatment alone for 24 and 72 h, and co-treatment with MK-801+OLA for 24 and 72 h compared to controls. HAL and OLA suppressed the stimulatory effect of MK-801 on casp3 mRNA levels in cells after 48 h of incubation. Bax mRNA levels in mHippoE-2 cells were decreased after HAL treatment for 24 and 48 h, and also after co-treatment with MK-801+HAL for 72 h. In vivo, MK-801 decreased mRNA levels of both pro-apoptotic markers, casp3 and Bax, in hippocampus of VEH-treated rats and Bax mRNA levels in hippocampus of HAL-treated animals. OLA reversed the inhibitory effect of MK-801 on casp3 expression in the VEH-treated animals. Neither MK-801 nor antipsychotics induced changes in the gene expression of anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 in mHippoE-2 cells as well as hippocampus of rats. Conclusions. The results of the present study demonstrate that antipsychotics, HAL and OLA, may affect mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic markers in hippocampal cells in vitro, but not in vivo. The obtained data do not clearly support the assumed potentiating role of MK-801 in inducing apoptosis in specific brain areas and a possible protective role of antipsychotics against induction of apoptosis. The obtained data may contribute to a deeper insight into the neurodevelopmental changes connected with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Osacka
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Kiss
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Tillinger
- 1Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Osacka J, Kiss A, Bacova Z, Tillinger A. Effect of Haloperidol and Olanzapine on Hippocampal Cells’ Proliferation in Animal Model of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147711. [PMID: 35887056 PMCID: PMC9323809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampus (HIP) contributes to schizophrenia pathogenesis. Haloperidol (HAL) and olanzapine (OLA), commonly prescribed antipsychotics for schizophrenia treatment, affect neurogenesis too. The effect of HAL and OLA on an mHippoE-2 cell line was studied in vitro where we measured the cell number and projection length. In vivo, we studied the gene expression of DCX, Sox2, BDNF, and NeuN in the SVZ and HIP in an MK-801-induced animal schizophrenia model. Cells were incubated with HAL, OLA, and MK-801 for 24, 48, and 72 h. Animals were injected for 6 days with saline or MK801 (0.5 mg/kg), and from the 7th day with either vehicle HAL (1 mg/kg) or OLA (2 mg/kg), for the next 7 days. In vitro, HAL and OLA dose/time-dependently suppressed cells’ proliferation and shortened their projection length. HAL/OLA co-treatment with MK-801 for 24 h reversed HAL’s/OLA’s inhibitory effect. In vivo, HAL and OLA suppressed DCX and NeuN genes’ expression in the HIP and SVZ. MK-801 decreased DCX and NeuN genes’ expression in the HIP and OLA prevented this effect. The data suggest that subchronic HAL/OLA treatment can inhibit DCX and NeuN expression. In an MK-801 schizophrenia model, OLA reversed the MK-801 inhibitory effect on DCX and NeuN and HAL reversed the effect on DCX expression; however, only in the HIP.
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Meliskova V, Havranek T, Bacova Z, Bakos J. The role of selected postsynaptic scaffolding proteins at glutamatergic synapses in autism-related animal models. J Integr Neurosci 2021; 20:1047-1057. [PMID: 34997728 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2004106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological changes in synapse formation, plasticity, and development are caused by altered trafficking and assembly of postsynaptic scaffolding proteins at sites of glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapses, suggesting their involvement in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. Several autism-related mouse models have been developed in recent years for studying molecular, cellular, and behavioural defects in order to understand the etiology of autism and test the potential treatment strategies. In this review, we explain the role of alterations in selected postsynaptic scaffolding proteins in relevant transgene autism-like mouse models. We also provide a summary of selected animal models by paying special attention to interactions between guanylate kinases or membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs), as well as other synapse protein components which form functional synaptic networks. The study of early developmental stages of autism-relevant animal models can help us understand the origin and development of diverse autistic symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Meliskova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Havranek
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Srancikova A, Reichova A, Bacova Z, Bakos J. Gene expression levels of DNA methyltransferase enzymes in Shank3-deficient mouse model of autism during early development. Endocr Regul 2021; 55:234-237. [PMID: 34879184 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The balance between DNA methylation and demethylation is crucial for the brain development. Therefore, alterations in the expression of enzymes controlling DNA methylation patterns may contribute to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (Shank3)-deficient mice are commonly used as a well-characterized transgenic model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of autistic symptoms. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), which modulate several cellular processes in neurodevelopment, are implicated in the pathophysiology of autism. In this study, we aimed to describe the gene expression changes of major Dnmts in the brain of Shank3-deficient mice during early development. Methods and Results. The Dnmts gene expression was analyzed by qPCR in 5-day-old homo-zygous Shank3-deficient mice. We found significantly lower Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b gene expression levels in the frontal cortex. However, no such changes were observed in the hippocampus. However, significant increase was observed in the expression of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b genes in the hypothalamus of Shank3-deficient mice. Conclusions. The present data indicate that abnormalities in the Shank3 gene are accompanied by an altered expression of DNA methylation enzymes in the early brain development stages, therefore, specific epigenetic control mechanisms in autism-relevant models should be more extensively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Srancikova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Reichova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Srancikova A, Mihalj D, Bacova Z, Bakos J. The effects of testosterone on gene expression of cell-adhesion molecules and scaffolding proteins: The role of sex in early development. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14153. [PMID: 34138481 DOI: 10.1111/and.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific differences in brain plasticity appear to be organised by testosterone, which is particularly important during the early stages of development. The main purpose of the present study was to examine the sex differences in mRNA and protein levels of selected cell-adhesion molecules and scaffolding proteins on postnatal days 5 (P5) and 9 (P9) in the rat hippocampus, as well as evaluate the effects of testosterone treatment (100 nM, 48 hr) on synaptic proteins in SH-SY5Y (neuron-like) and U-87MG (astrocyte-like) cells. The gene expression levels of Neuroligin 3 and 'SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein' 1 and 3 (SHANK1 and SHANK3) were significantly lower in males compared to females at P5. At P9, a similar significant trend towards a decrease in mRNA expression and protein levels of SHANK3 was found in males. Testosterone treatment induced a significant decrease of Neuroligin 1-3 mRNA expression in both SH-SY5Y and U-87MG cells. SHANK1 and SHANK3 mRNA levels significantly decreased in U-87MG cells response to testosterone presence. The presented results demonstrate that the association of selected postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecules and scaffolding proteins is sex-related. Testosterone appears to be particularly involved in the developmental mechanisms related to neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Srancikova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Mihalj
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Srancikova A, Bacova Z, Bakos J. The epigenetic regulation of synaptic genes contributes to the etiology of autism. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:791-802. [PMID: 33939901 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms greatly affect the developing brain, as well as the maturation of synapses with pervasive, long-lasting consequences on behavior in adults. Substantial evidence exists that implicates dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, this review explains the role of enzymes involved in DNA methylation and demethylation in neurodevelopment by emphasizing changes of synaptic genes and proteins. Epigenetic causes of sex-dependent differences in the brain are analyzed in conjunction with the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders. Special attention is devoted to the epigenetic regulation of the melanoma-associated antigen-like gene 2 (MAGEL2) found in Prader-Willi syndrome, which is known to be accompanied by autistic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Srancikova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Reichova A, Schaller F, Bukatova S, Bacova Z, Muscatelli F, Bakos J. The impact of oxytocin on neurite outgrowth and synaptic proteins in Magel2-deficient mice. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:366-388. [PMID: 33609001 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin contributes to the regulation of cytoskeletal and synaptic proteins and could, therefore, affect the mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. Both the Prader-Willi syndrome and Schaaf-Yang syndrome exhibit autistic symptoms involving the MAGEL2 gene. Magel2-deficient mice show a deficit in social behavior that is rescued following the postnatal administration of oxytocin. Here, in Magel2-deficient mice, we showed that the neurite outgrowth of primary cultures of immature hippocampal neurons is reduced. Treatment with oxytocin reversed this abnormality. In the hippocampus of Magel2-deficient pups, we further demonstrated that several transcripts of neurite outgrowth-associated proteins, synaptic vesicle proteins, and cell-adhesion molecules are decreased. In the juvenile stage, when neurons are mature, normalization or even overexpression of most of these markers was observed, suggesting a delay in the neuronal maturation of Magel2-deficient pups. Moreover, we found reduced transcripts of the excitatory postsynaptic marker, Psd95 in the hippocampus and we observed a decrease of PSD95/VGLUT2 colocalization in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions in Magel2-deficient mice, indicating a defect in glutamatergic synapses. Postnatal administration of oxytocin upregulated postsynaptic transcripts in pups; however, it did not restore the level of markers of glutamatergic synapses in Magel2-deficient mice. Overall, Magel2 deficiency leads to abnormal neurite outgrowth and reduced glutamatergic synapses during development, suggesting abnormal neuronal maturation. Oxytocin stimulates the expression of numerous genes involved in neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in early development stages. Postnatal oxytocin administration has a strong effect on development that should be considered for certain neuropsychiatric conditions in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Reichova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Fabienne Schaller
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Stanislava Bukatova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Françoise Muscatelli
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Reichova A, Bacova Z, Bukatova S, Kokavcova M, Meliskova V, Frimmel K, Ostatnikova D, Bakos J. Abnormal neuronal morphology and altered synaptic proteins are restored by oxytocin in autism-related SHANK3 deficient model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110924. [PMID: 32619581 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent in autism and other neuropsychiatric conditions. Although, the link between the deficit in "SH3 domain and ankyrin repeat containing protein 3" (SHANK3) and autism spectrum disorders is highly studied topic, developmental mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we clearly confirm that SHANK3 deficiency is accompanied with abnormalities in neurite number and length, which are reversed by oxytocin treatment (1 μM, 48h) in primary hippocampal neurons. Transient silencing for the SHANK3 gene (siSHANK3) in neuron-like cell line (SH-SY5Y) revealed a significant decrease in the expression levels of Neurexins 1α, 1β, 2α and 2β. Oxytocin treatment compensated reduced levels of Synapsin I, PSD95 and Neuroligin 3 in siSHANK3 cells suggesting a marked potential of oxytocin to ameliorate defects present in conditions of SHANK3 deficiency. Further analysis of hippocampal tissue revealed that oxytocin application (0.1 μg/μl, s.c. at P2 and P3 day) affects levels of synaptic proteins and GTPases in both WT and SHANK3 deficient mice on day P5. Oxytocin stimulated the mRNA expression of RhoB and Rac1 in both WT and SHANK3 deficient mice. Our data suggest that autism relevant synaptic pathologies could be reversed by oxytocin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Reichova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislava Bukatova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Kokavcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Meliskova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karel Frimmel
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Ostatnikova
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Filova B, Reichova A, Zatkova M, Srancikova A, Bukatova S, Bacova Z, Bakos J. Expression of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus is modulated by neonatal oxytocin treatment. Neurosci Lett 2020; 725:134912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Havranek T, Alanazi MM, Bakos J, Bacova Z, Cubeddu LX, Castejon AM. Protective Effect of Oxytocin Against Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress: Role of Extracellular Signal Regulating Kinases. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.736.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Havranek
- College of PharmacyNOVA Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL
- Institute of Experimental EndocrinologyBiomedical Research CenterBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- College of PharmacyNOVA Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL
- College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental EndocrinologyBiomedical Research CenterBratislavaSlovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Comenius UniversityFaculty of MedicineBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental EndocrinologyBiomedical Research CenterBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Luigi X. Cubeddu
- College of PharmacyNOVA Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL
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Zatkova M, Reichova A, Bacova Z, Bakos J. Activation of the Oxytocin Receptor Modulates the Expression of Synaptic Adhesion Molecules in a Cell-Specific Manner. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:171-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zatkova M, Bacova Z, Puerta F, Lestanova Z, Alanazi M, Kiss A, Reichova A, Castejon AM, Ostatnikova D, Bakos J. Projection length stimulated by oxytocin is modulated by the inhibition of calcium signaling in U-87MG cells. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1847-1856. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Reichova A, Zatkova M, Bacova Z, Bakos J. Abnormalities in interactions of Rho GTPases with scaffolding proteins contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:781-788. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Reichova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Martina Zatkova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology; Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Slovak Medical University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology; Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine; Bratislava Slovakia
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Misak A, Grman M, Bacova Z, Rezuchova I, Hudecova S, Ondriasova E, Krizanova O, Brezova V, Chovanec M, Ondrias K. Polysulfides and products of H 2S/S-nitrosoglutathione in comparison to H 2S, glutathione and antioxidant Trolox are potent scavengers of superoxide anion radical and produce hydroxyl radical by decomposition of H 2O 2. Nitric Oxide 2017; 76:136-151. [PMID: 28951200 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous and endogenously produced sulfide derivatives, such as H2S/HS-/S2-, polysulfides and products of the H2S/S-nitrosoglutathione interaction (S/GSNO), affect numerous biological processes in which superoxide anion (O2-) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals play an important role. Their cytoprotective-antioxidant and contrasting pro-oxidant-toxic effects have been reported. Therefore, the aim of our work was to contribute to resolving this apparent inconsistency by studying sulfide derivatives/free radical interactions and their consequent biological effects compared to the antioxidants glutathione (GSH) and Trolox. Using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping technique and O2-, we found that a polysulfide (Na2S4) and S/GSNO were potent scavengers of O2- and cPTIO radicals compared to H2S (Na2S), GSH and Trolox, and S/GSNO scavenged the DEPMPO-OH radical. As detected by the EPR spectra of DEPMPO-OH, the formation of OH in physiological solution by S/GSNO was suggested. All the studied sulfide derivatives, but not Trolox or GSH, had a bell-shaped potency to decompose H2O2 and produced OH in the following order: S/GSNO > Na2S4 ≥ Na2S > GSH = Trolox = 0, but they scavenged OH at higher concentrations. In studies of the biological consequences of these sulfide derivatives/H2O2 properties, we found the following: (i) S/GSNO alone and all sulfide derivatives in the presence of H2O2 cleaved plasmid DNA; (ii) S/GSNO interfered with viral replication and consequently decreased the infectivity of viruses; (iii) the sulfide derivatives induced apoptosis in A2780 cells but inhibited apoptosis induced by H2O2; and (iv) Na2S4 modulated intracellular calcium in A87MG cells, which depended on the order of Na2S4/H2O2 application. We suggest that the apparent inconsistency of the cytoprotective-antioxidant and contrasting pro-oxidant-toxic biological effects of sulfide derivatives results from their time- and concentration-dependent radical production/scavenging properties and their interactions with O2-, OH and H2O2. The results imply a direct involvement of sulfide derivatives in O2- and H2O2/OH free radical pathways modulating antioxidant/toxic biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Misak
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Grman
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ingeborg Rezuchova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sona Hudecova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Elena Ondriasova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Olga Krizanova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vlasta Brezova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Ondrias
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Zatkova M, Reichova A, Bacova Z, Strbak V, Kiss A, Bakos J. Neurite Outgrowth Stimulated by Oxytocin Is Modulated by Inhibition of the Calcium Voltage-Gated Channels. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:371-378. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lestanova Z, Puerta F, Alanazi M, Bacova Z, Kiss A, Castejon AM, Bakos J. Downregulation of Oxytocin Receptor Decreases the Length of Projections Stimulated by Retinoic Acid in the U-87MG Cells. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1006-1014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
The present knowledge, regarding the neuronal growth and neurite extension, includes neuropeptide action in the central nervous system. Research reports have brought much information about the multiple intracellular signaling pathways of neuropeptides. However, regardless of the differences in the local responses elicited by neuropeptides, there exist certain functional similarities in the effects of neuropeptides, mediated by their receptors. In the present review, data of the relevant studies, focused on G protein-coupled receptors activated by neuropeptides, are summarized. Particularly, receptors that activate phosphatidylinositol-calcium system and protein kinase C pathways, resulting in the reorganization of the neuronal cytoskeleton and changes in the neuronal morphology, are discussed. Based on our data received, we are showing that oxytocin increases the gene expression of GTPase cell division cycle protein 42 (Cdc42), implicated in many aspects of the neuronal growth and morphology. We are also paying a special attention to neurite extension and retraction in the context of neuropeptide regulation.
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Lestanova Z, Bacova Z, Kiss A, Havranek T, Strbak V, Bakos J. Oxytocin Increases Neurite Length and Expression of Cytoskeletal Proteins Associated with Neuronal Growth. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 59:184-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bakos J, Bacova Z, Grant SG, Castejon AM, Ostatnikova D. Are Molecules Involved in Neuritogenesis and Axon Guidance Related to Autism Pathogenesis? Neuromolecular Med 2015; 17:297-304. [PMID: 25989848 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous disease, and numerous alterations of gene expression come into play to attempt to explain potential molecular and pathophysiological causes. Abnormalities of brain development and connectivity associated with alterations in cytoskeletal rearrangement, neuritogenesis and elongation of axons and dendrites might represent or contribute to the structural basis of autism pathology. Slit/Robo signaling regulates cytoskeletal remodeling related to axonal and dendritic branching. Components of its signaling pathway (ABL and Cdc42) are suspected to be molecular bases of alterations of normal development. The present review describes the most important mechanisms underlying neuritogenesis, axon pathfinding and the role of GTPases in neurite outgrowth, with special emphasis on alterations associated with autism spectrum disorders. On the basis of analysis of publicly available microarray data, potential biomarkers of autism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 3, Bratislava, Slovakia,
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Havranek T, Zatkova M, Lestanova Z, Bacova Z, Mravec B, Hodosy J, Strbak V, Bakos J. Intracerebroventricular oxytocin administration in rats enhances object recognition and increases expression of neurotrophins, microtubule-associated protein 2, and synapsin I. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:893-901. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Havranek
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Martina Zatkova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Lestanova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Boris Mravec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Julius Hodosy
- Institute of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Strbak
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
- Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
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Krajnakova L, Paulikova H, Bacova Z, Bakos J, Janovec L, Imrich J, Hunakova L. Intracellular distribution of 3,6-bis(3-alkylguanidino)acridines determines their cytotoxicity. Neoplasma 2015; 62:98-107. [PMID: 25563372 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2015_012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cytotoxicity of two derivatives of 3,6-bis(3-alkylguanidino)acridines (GNDAs; pentyl- and hexyl-GNDA) was determined against three cell lines: a murine immortalized fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3, a human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780, and a human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. We found out that these GNDAs were cytotoxic against A2780 and NIH-3T3 cells but they showed only a marginal cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y. To explain differences in cytotoxicity, intracellular distribution of GNDAs was monitored. GNDAs were accumulated in A2780 and NIH-3T3 cells in the nuclei (fluorescence microscopy). In contrast to these cell lines, in SH-SY5Y cells, GNDAs were localized outside of the nuclei, at the plasma membrane and surroundings, extending also to the cytosol. This distribution of GNDAs was confirmed by an ImageStream Flow Cytometer. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the SH-SY5Y cells decreased upon incubation with GNDAs. Kinetic studies showed that GNDAs were able to inhibit AChE by the same mode as tacrine (9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine), a known inhibitor of AChE. A low cytotocity of GNDAs against SH-SY5Y cells could be caused by their affinity to AChE (the enzyme is localized mainly at the plasma membrane). The interaction of GNDAs with AChE may affect their intracellular distribution and consequently the cytotoxicity. KEYWORDS acetylcholinesterase, acridine, neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.
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Lakatosova S, Bakos J, Pivovarciova A, Husarova V, Durdiakova J, Bacova Z, Kubranska A, Babinska K, Ostatnikova D. Plasma oxytocin levels are reduced in Slovak autistic boys. BRATISL MED J 2015. [DOI: 10.4149/bll_2015_127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bakos J, Lestanova Z, Strbak V, Havranek T, Bacova Z. Neonatal manipulation of oxytocin prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced decrease in gene expression of growth factors in two developmental stages of the female rat. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:281-6. [PMID: 25047873 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin production and secretion is important for early development of the brain. Long-term consequences of manipulation of oxytocin system might include changes in markers of brain plasticity - cytoskeletal proteins and neurotrophins. The aim of the present study was (1) to determine whether neonatal oxytocin administration affects gene expression of nestin, microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the brain of two developmental stages of rat and (2) to evaluate whether neonatal oxytocin administration protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation. Neonatal oxytocin did not prevent a decrease of body weight in the LPS treated animals. Oxytocin significantly increased gene expression of BDNF in the right hippocampus in 21-day and 2-month old rats of both sexes. Gene expression of NGF and MAP-2 significantly increased in males treated with oxytocin. Both, growth factors and intermediate filament-nestin mRNA levels, were reduced in females exposed to LPS. Oxytocin treatment prevented a decrease in the gene expression of only growth factors. In conclusion, neonatal manipulation of oxytocin has developmental and sex-dependent effect on markers of brain plasticity. These results also indicate, that oxytocin may be protective against inflammation particularly in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Lestanova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Strbak
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Havranek
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Bakos J, Strbak V, Paulikova H, Krajnakova L, Lestanova Z, Bacova Z. Oxytocin receptor ligands induce changes in cytoskeleton in neuroblastoma cells. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:462-8. [PMID: 23335033 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of ligands of oxytocin receptors on gene expression of neurofilament proteins (nestin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)) associated with neuronal differentiation and growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF)) related to neuronal growth. Fluorescent staining of F-actin was used to observe morphology of cells. Co-treatment with oxytocin and oxytocin receptor antagonist--atosiban--resulted in significant increase of MAP2 gene expression in SK-N-SH cells. There was no effect of oxytocin on gene expression of growth factors BDNF and NGF. Surprisingly, oxytocin with atosiban significantly increased mRNA levels for both BDNF and NGF. Gene expression of vasopressin receptor (V1aR) significantly decreased in response to vasopressin. Atosiban decreased mRNA levels for oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and V1aR. Oxytocin significantly decreased OXTR and nestin mRNA levels and increased mRNA levels for BDNF and NGF in U-87 MG cells. The densest recruitment of F-actin filaments was observed in apical parts of filopodia in SK-N-SH cells incubated in oxytocin presence. Present data demonstrate complex role of ligands of oxytocin receptors in regulation of gene expression of intermediate filaments and thus, oxytocin might be considered as a growth factor in neuronal type of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 3, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Bacova Z, Baqi L, Benacka O, Payer J, Krizanová O, Zeman M, Smreková L, Zorad S, Strbák V. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rat heart: effect of swelling, angiotensin II and renin gene. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2006; 187:313-9. [PMID: 16734768 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2006.01545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was performed to examine thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) secretion and regulation in rat heart. METHODS Expression of prepro-TRH gene in left atrium and left ventricle was studied by RT-PCR. TRH secretion from slices of left auricle and left ventricle in response to cell swelling (induced by hypotonic medium or ethanol in isosmotic medium), angiotensin II and losartan and their combinations was studied. RESULTS RT-PCR revealed two times higher prepro-TRH expression in left auricle than left ventricle. In transgenic rats with extra copy of mouse renin gene a marked increase of prepro-TRH expression in the heart was noted but the relative difference between left atrium and left ventricle persisted. The swelling stimulated TRH release from both left auricle and left ventricle and this stimulation could not be inhibited by bumetanide. Angiotensin II (10 nmol L-1) added into medium significantly decreased basal secretion of TRH. The inhibiting effect of Angiotensin II was prevented by 1 micromol L-1 losartan, an angiotensin II AT1 receptor blocker. When angiotensin II and hypotonicity were applied simultaneously, swelling-induced secretion persisted. CONCLUSION TRH secretion from heart slices has attributes of regulated secretion--depending on the stimulus it could be either stimulated or inhibited. Renin positively affects prepro-TRH expression in the heart. Angiotensin II inhibits TRH secretion from heart tissue by a mechanism involving AT1 receptors. Swelling-induced TRH secretion overrides inhibitory effect of angiotensin II. Swelling could be a useful tool when natural or pharmacological secretagogue is unknown. Peptides and proteins released by swelling could be mediators of local and remote ischaemic preconditioning protecting from subsequent ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bacova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Abstract
Cell volume changes induced in various ways (anisosmotic environment, hormones, oxidative stress, substrate uptake) are an integral part of a signal transduction network regulating cell function. Cell swelling has received increasing attention as a stimulus for a variety of intracellular phenomena. One of the most remarkable effects of cell swelling is its powerful effect in inducing exocytosis of material in intracellular secretory vesicles. Secretion of essentially all so-packaged hormones including those from hypothalamus (thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH; gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH), pituitary (LH, FSH, ACTH, MSH, TSH, prolactin, beta endorphin), pancreas (insulin, somatostatin, glucagon), heart (atrial natriuretic hormone) and kidney (renin) are stimulated in a concentration-related manner by medium hyposmolarity or isosmolar medium containing permeant molecules such as ethanol or urea (reviewed in Ref. 21). Cell swelling-induced exocytosis is not restricted to endocrine cells and hormones; medium hyposmolarity also induces secretion of exocrine pancreatic enzymes and myeloperoxidase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Strbák
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 83306, Slovakia.
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