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Liu D, Zhang Y, Guo L, Fang R, Guo J, Li P, Qian T, Li W, Zhao L, Luo X, Zhang S, Shao J, Sun S. Single-cell atlas of healthy vocal folds and cellular function in the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Prolif 2024:e13723. [PMID: 39245637 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The vocal fold is an architecturally complex organ comprising a heterogeneous mixture of various layers of individual epithelial and mesenchymal cell lineages. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing profiling of 5836 cells from the vocal folds of adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Combined with immunostaining, we generated a spatial and transcriptional map of the vocal fold cells and characterized the subpopulations of epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells. We also identified a novel epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-associated epithelial cell subset that was mainly found in the basal epithelial layers. We further confirmed that this subset acts as intermediate cells with similar genetic features to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, we present the complex intracellular communication network involved homeostasis using CellChat analysis. These studies define the cellular and molecular framework of the biology and pathology of the VF mucosa and reveal the functional importance of developmental pathways in pathological states in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danling Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunzhong Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Fang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peifang Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Qian
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Shao
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Innovation Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Richardson KC, Aubert A, Turner CT, Nabai L, Hiroyasu S, Pawluk MA, Cederberg RA, Zhao H, Jung K, Burleigh A, Crawford RI, Granville DJ. Granzyme K mediates IL-23-dependent inflammation and keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1398120. [PMID: 38903528 PMCID: PMC11188347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1398120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease with systemic manifestations that most commonly presents as itchy, erythematous, scaly plaques on extensor surfaces. Activation of the IL-23/IL-17 pro-inflammatory signaling pathway is a hallmark of psoriasis and its inhibition is key to clinical management. Granzyme K (GzmK) is an immune cell-secreted serine protease elevated in inflammatory and proliferative skin conditions. In the present study, human psoriasis lesions exhibited elevated GzmK levels compared to non-lesional psoriasis and healthy control skin. In an established murine model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis, genetic loss of GzmK significantly reduced disease severity, as determined by delayed plaque formation, decreased erythema and desquamation, reduced epidermal thickness, and inflammatory infiltrate. Molecular characterization in vitro revealed that GzmK contributed to macrophage secretion of IL-23 as well as PAR-1-dependent keratinocyte proliferation. These findings demonstrate that GzmK enhances IL-23-driven inflammation as well as keratinocyte proliferation to exacerbate psoriasis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn C. Richardson
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Aubert
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher T. Turner
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Layla Nabai
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan A. Pawluk
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel A. Cederberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia (BC) Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angela Burleigh
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard I. Crawford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J. Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Petrova E, López-Gay JM, Fahrner M, Leturcq F, de Villartay JP, Barbieux C, Gonschorek P, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Schilling O, Hovnanian A. Comparative analyses of Netherton syndrome patients and Spink5 conditional knock-out mice uncover disease-relevant pathways. Commun Biol 2024; 7:152. [PMID: 38316920 PMCID: PMC10844249 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare skin disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) gene. Disease severity and the lack of efficacious treatments call for a better understanding of NS mechanisms. Here we describe a novel and viable, Spink5 conditional knock-out (cKO) mouse model, allowing to study NS progression. By combining transcriptomics and proteomics, we determine a disease molecular profile common to mouse models and NS patients. Spink5 cKO mice and NS patients share skin barrier and inflammation signatures defined by up-regulation and increased activity of proteases, IL-17, IL-36, and IL-20 family cytokine signaling. Systemic inflammation in Spink5 cKO mice correlates with disease severity and is associated with thymic atrophy and enlargement of lymph nodes and spleen. This systemic inflammation phenotype is marked by neutrophils and IL-17/IL-22 signaling, does not involve primary T cell immunodeficiency and is independent of bacterial infection. By comparing skin transcriptomes and proteomes, we uncover several putative substrates of tissue kallikrein-related proteases (KLKs), demonstrating that KLKs can proteolytically regulate IL-36 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our study thus provides a conserved molecular framework for NS and reveals a KLK/IL-36 signaling axis, adding new insights into the disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Petrova
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Jesús María López-Gay
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Paris, F-75248, Cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne University, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Fahrner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florent Leturcq
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Imagine Institute, Laboratory "Genome Dynamics in the Immune System", INSERM UMR 11635, Paris, France
| | - Claire Barbieux
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Gonschorek
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and University of Paris, Paris, France.
- Department of Genomic Medicine of rare diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
- University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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4
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Shah R, Zhong J, Massier L, Tanriverdi K, Hwang SJ, Haessler J, Nayor M, Zhao S, Perry AS, Wilkins JT, Shadyab AH, Manson JE, Martin L, Levy D, Kooperberg C, Freedman JE, Rydén M, Murthy VL. Targeted Proteomics Reveals Functional Targets for Early Diabetes Susceptibility in Young Adults. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004192. [PMID: 38323454 PMCID: PMC10940209 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating proteome may encode early pathways of diabetes susceptibility in young adults for surveillance and intervention. Here, we define proteomic correlates of tissue phenotypes and diabetes in young adults. METHODS We used penalized models and principal components analysis to generate parsimonious proteomic signatures of diabetes susceptibility based on phenotypes and on diabetes diagnosis across 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study; mean age, 32 years; 44% women; 43% Black; mean body mass index, 25.6±4.9 kg/m2), with validation against diabetes in >1800 individuals in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) and WHI (Women's Health Initiative). RESULTS In 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in CARDIA, we identified 2 proteotypes of diabetes susceptibility-a proinflammatory fat proteotype (visceral fat, liver fat, inflammatory biomarkers) and a muscularity proteotype (muscle mass), linked to diabetes in CARDIA and WHI/FHS. These proteotypes specified broad mechanisms of early diabetes pathogenesis, including transorgan communication, hepatic and skeletal muscle stress responses, vascular inflammation and hemostasis, fibrosis, and renal injury. Using human adipose tissue single cell/nuclear RNA-seq, we demonstrate expression at transcriptional level for implicated proteins across adipocytes and nonadipocyte cell types (eg, fibroadipogenic precursors, immune and vascular cells). Using functional assays in human adipose tissue, we demonstrate the association of expression of genes encoding these implicated proteins with adipose tissue metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS A multifaceted discovery effort uniting proteomics, underlying clinical susceptibility phenotypes, and tissue expression patterns may uncover potentially novel functional biomarkers of early diabetes susceptibility in young adults for future mechanistic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Matthew Nayor
- Sections of Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Dept of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine & Public Health, Boston, MA & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | | | - Andrew S. Perry
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, Univ of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Martin
- George Washington Univ School of Medicine & Health Sciences
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Jane E. Freedman
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nevo S, Frenkel N, Kadouri N, Gome T, Rosenthal N, Givony T, Avin A, Peligero Cruz C, Kedmi M, Lindzen M, Ben Dor S, Damari G, Porat Z, Haffner-Krausz R, Keren-Shaul H, Yarden Y, Munitz A, Leshkowitz D, Goldfarb Y, Abramson J. Tuft cells and fibroblasts promote thymus regeneration through ILC2-mediated type 2 immune response. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eabq6930. [PMID: 38215193 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq6930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that is essential for the establishment of adaptive immunity through generation of immunocompetent T cells. In response to various stress signals, the thymus undergoes acute but reversible involution. However, the mechanisms governing its recovery are incompletely understood. Here, we used a dexamethasone-induced acute thymic involution mouse model to investigate how thymic hematopoietic cells (excluding T cells) contribute to thymic regeneration. scRNA-seq analysis revealed marked transcriptional and cellular changes in various thymic populations and highlighted thymus-resident innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) as a key cell type involved in the response to damage. We identified that ILC2 are activated by the alarmins IL-25 and IL-33 produced in response to tissue damage by thymic tuft cells and fibroblasts, respectively. Moreover, using mouse models deficient in either tuft cells and/or IL-33, we found that these alarmins are required for effective thymus regeneration after dexamethasone-induced damage. We also demonstrate that upon their damage-dependent activation, thymic ILC2 produce several effector molecules linked to tissue regeneration, such as amphiregulin and IL-13, which in turn promote thymic epithelial cell differentiation. Collectively, our study elucidates a previously undescribed role for thymic tuft cells and fibroblasts in thymus regeneration through activation of the type 2 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noga Frenkel
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Gome
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Rosenthal
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Avin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Cristina Peligero Cruz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Merav Kedmi
- Genomics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Golda Damari
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Genomics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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6
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Xu Y, Shen Y, Bhandari A, Hirachan S, Wang O, Xia E. Serine Protease 27, a Prognostic Biomarker in Pan-cancer and Associated with the Aggressive Progression of Breast Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2073-2089. [PMID: 37282654 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230324161329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To create effective medicines, researchers must first identify the common or unique genes that drive oncogenic processes in human cancers. Serine protease 27 (PRSS27) has been recently defined as a possible driver gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, no thorough pan-cancer study has been performed to date, including breast cancer. METHODS Using the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) dataset, and multiple bioinformatic tools, we investigated the function of PRSS27 in 33 tumor types. In addition, prognosis analysis of PRSS27 in breast cancer was carried out, as well as in vitro experiments to verify its role as an oncogene. We first explored the expression of PRSS27 in over 10 tumors and then we looked into PRSS27 genomic mutations. RESULTS We discovered that PRSS27 has prognostic significance in breast cancer and other cancers' survival, and we developed a breast cancer prognostic prediction model by combining a defined set of clinical factors. Besides, we confirmed PRSS27 as an oncogene in breast cancer using some primary in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION Our pan-cancer survey has comprehensively reviewed the oncogenic function of PRSS27 in various human malignancies, suggesting that it may be a promising prognostic biomarker and tumor therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
| | - Adheesh Bhandari
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Unit, Primera Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suzita Hirachan
- Department of General Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Unit, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ouchen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
| | - Erjie Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
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7
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Güneş İB, Aksoy B, Öztürk H, Yavrum F, Özen B. Does corneal epithelial thickness show the severity of psoriasis? SD-OCT study. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:781-786. [PMID: 37355351 PMCID: PMC10589481 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have generally focused on dry eye test abnormalities and ocular involvements such as uveitis, and blepharitis in psoriasis. Psoriasis area severity ındex (PASI), which is used to assess psoriasis severity, is a time-consuming and complex tool. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between disease severity and central corneal epithelial thickness (CCET) in psoriasis. METHODS 175 eyes of 175 psoriasis patients and 57 eyes of 57 healthy individuals as a control group was included in this study. Psoriasis patients were divided into three subgroups according to PASI score as < 10 mild, 10‒20 moderate and > 20 severe. CCET was measured by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and mean values were recorded. Mean CCET values were compared between the psoriasis groups and the control group. Additionally, the relationship between PASI score and CCET was examined. RESULTS The mean CCET value was 58.06±3.1μm in the mild group, 60.10±5.0μm in the moderate group, 65.75±6.3μm in the severe group and 56.16±3.1μm in the control group. It was determined that the mean CCET value was significantly higher in all psoriasis groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). The mean CCET value was significantly higher in the moderate psoriasis group than in the mild psoriasis group (p=0.018), and in the severe psoriasis group compared to the moderate psoriasis group (p<0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between PASI score and CCET (p<0.001, r=0.519). STUDY LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design and a relatively small number of participants. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong positive correlation between psoriasis severity and CCET. Contactless measurement of CCET by SD-OCT can be an indicator of psoriasis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Botan Güneş
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Medical Park Kocaeli Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Berna Aksoy
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Park Kocaeli Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hakan Öztürk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fuat Yavrum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Bediz Özen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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8
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Vanden Heuvel JP, Zhou S, Patel AB, Kamerow HN, Baran P, Ford JP. Preclinical Demonstration of a Novel Treatment with High Efficacy and No Detectable Toxicity for Inflammatory Skin Conditions including Psoriasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:4878774. [PMID: 37469991 PMCID: PMC10353900 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4878774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the management options for psoriasis have progressed with the use of systemic agents, there are few efficacious nonsteroidal topical therapies for patients with limited or lower grade disease. The effects of allopurinol (Allo) and glutathione (GSH) were examined in two different in vitro models for psoriasis. In the first model, human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) were treated with M5 cocktail (IL-17A, IL-22, oncostatin M, IL-1α, and TNF-α) in four interventional groups (control, Allo, oxypurinol (Oxy), and methotrexate (MTX)). The number of live and dead cells was determined after treatment for 48 and 72 hrs. Allo decreased cell proliferation (total cells) without increasing cell death compared to both its xanthine oxidase inhibiting metabolite Oxy and a standard agent in clinical use, MTX. In the second model, a human psoriatic skin equivalent (PSE) culture system, cells were treated with vehicle control, Allo and GSH (as monotherapies and in combination), and vitamin D (VitD) for 2 and 6 days followed by histological analysis and altered gene expression. The combined exposure to Allo and GSH was equivalent to a standard antipsoriasis agent VitD in the inhibition of both proliferative and replicative markers. Histologic examination of the tissue at 6 days of exposure to VitD resulted in loss of the integrity of the squamous/epithelial continuity whereas tissue integrity was preserved with Allo and GSH exposure. The additional exposure of GSH to Allo reversed the increased thickness of the dermis layer caused by Allo exposure alone. Taken together, this data shows that topical Allo and GSH may have a synergistic effect with low toxicity and constitute a therapeutic advantage over current nonsteroidal therapies in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions marked by increased cell proliferation such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Vanden Heuvel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Asymmetric Therapeutics LLC, 141 Main St., P.O. Box J, Unadilla, NY 13849, USA
- Indigo Biosciences, Inc., 3006 Research Drive, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Shuling Zhou
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Anisha B. Patel
- Asymmetric Therapeutics LLC, 141 Main St., P.O. Box J, Unadilla, NY 13849, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harry N. Kamerow
- Mount Nittany Medical Center, 1850 East Park Avenue, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Peter Baran
- Mount Nittany Medical Center, 1850 East Park Avenue, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - John P. Ford
- Asymmetric Therapeutics LLC, 141 Main St., P.O. Box J, Unadilla, NY 13849, USA
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9
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Maltz-Matyschsyk M, Melchiorre CK, Herbst KW, Hogan AH, Dibble K, O’Sullivan B, Graf J, Jadhav A, Lawrence DA, Lee WT, Carson KJ, Radolf JD, Salazar JC, Lynes MA. Development of a biomarker signature using grating-coupled fluorescence plasmonic microarray for diagnosis of MIS-C. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1066391. [PMID: 37064248 PMCID: PMC10102909 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1066391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious condition that can develop 4–6 weeks after a school age child becomes infected by SARS-CoV-2. To date, in the United States more than 8,862 cases of MIS-C have been identified and 72 deaths have occurred. This syndrome typically affects children between the ages of 5–13; 57% are Hispanic/Latino/Black/non-Hispanic, 61% of patients are males and 100% have either tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or had direct contact with someone with COVID-19. Unfortunately, diagnosis of MIS-C is difficult, and delayed diagnosis can lead to cardiogenic shock, intensive care admission, and prolonged hospitalization. There is no validated biomarker for the rapid diagnosis of MIS-C. In this study, we used Grating-coupled Fluorescence Plasmonic (GCFP) microarray technology to develop biomarker signatures in pediatric salvia and serum samples from patients with MIS-C in the United States and Colombia. GCFP measures antibody-antigen interactions at individual regions of interest (ROIs) on a gold-coated diffraction grating sensor chip in a sandwich immunoassay to generate a fluorescent signal based on analyte presence within a sample. Using a microarray printer, we designed a first-generation biosensor chip with the capability of capturing 33 different analytes from 80 μL of sample (saliva or serum). Here, we show potential biomarker signatures in both saliva and serum samples in six patient cohorts. In saliva samples, we noted occasional analyte outliers on the chip within individual samples and were able to compare those samples to 16S RNA microbiome data. These comparisons indicate differences in relative abundance of oral pathogens within those patients. Microsphere Immunoassay (MIA) of immunoglobulin isotypes was also performed on serum samples and revealed MIS-C patients had several COVID antigen-specific immunoglobulins that were significantly higher than other cohorts, thus identifying potential new targets for the second-generation biosensor chip. MIA also identified additional biomarkers for our second-generation chip, verified biomarker signatures generated on the first-generation chip, and aided in second-generation chip optimization. Interestingly, MIS-C samples from the United States had a more diverse and robust signature than the Colombian samples, which was also illustrated in the MIA cytokine data. These observations identify new MIS-C biomarkers and biomarker signatures for each of the cohorts. Ultimately, these tools may represent a potential diagnostic tool for use in the rapid identification of MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clare K. Melchiorre
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | | | - Alexander H. Hogan
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, United States
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kristina Dibble
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Brandon O’Sullivan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Joerg Graf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Aishwarya Jadhav
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - David A. Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
- University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - William T. Lee
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
- University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Kyle J. Carson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Justin D. Radolf
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Juan C. Salazar
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT, United States
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Michael A. Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael A. Lynes,
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10
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Kataoka A, Yamada K, Kawamura YI. ASO Author Reflections: Serine Protease 27 is a Novel Prognostic Indicator for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Preoperative Treatment. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:5382-5383. [PMID: 33454876 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kataoka
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Course of Advanced and Specialized Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamada
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Course of Advanced and Specialized Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki I Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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11
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Kataoka A, Yamada K, Hagiwara T, Terayama M, Sugimoto T, Nohara K, Igari T, Yokoi C, Kawamura YI. Expression Status of Serine Protease 27: A Prognostic Marker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy/Chemoradiotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:5373-5381. [PMID: 33452606 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study conducted a transcriptome analysis of paired normal and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue samples. The results showed that the expression of serine protease 27 (PRSS27) was perturbed in tumor samples. Hence, this retrospective study aimed to validate the prognostic significance of PRSS27 in patients with preoperative treatment for ESCC. METHODS We enrolled 86 patients who received preoperative treatment before esophagectomy for ESCC. The expression of PRSS27 in resected ESCC and biopsy tissue samples obtained before preoperative treatment was evaluated via immunostaining, and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS In normal esophageal mucosa tissue samples, PRSS27 was expressed in the cytoplasm of spinous cells in the suprabasal layer and basal cells in the basal layer. Of 64 resected ESCC tissue samples, 35 (54.7%) expressed PRSS27 and 29 (45.3%) did not. Moreover, ectopic nuclear expression of PRSS27 was observed. Based on multivariate analysis, PRSS27 expression in resected tumor samples was a predictor of poor prognosis. In cases in which PRSS27 expression was observed in biopsy samples, patients with PRSS27-negative resected tumors had a better postoperative prognosis than those with PRSS27-positive resected tumors. CONCLUSIONS PRSS27 expression in resected ESCC tissue samples is a poor prognostic factor in ESCC patients with preoperative treatment. Furthermore, conversion of PRSS27 expression from positive in biopsy samples to negative in resected tumor samples is a predictor of good prognosis in these patients. Hence, PRSS27 status is an effective tool for decision making regarding adjuvant treatment in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kataoka
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Course of Advanced and Specialized Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamada
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Course of Advanced and Specialized Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruki Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Terayama
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Course of Advanced and Specialized Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sugimoto
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nohara
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Igari
- Pathology Division of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Yokoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki I Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
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12
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Lu YC, Chuang CH, Chuang KH, Chen IJ, Huang BC, Lee WH, Wang HE, Li JJ, Cheng YA, Cheng KW, Wang JY, Hsieh YC, Lin WW, Cheng TL. Specific activation of pro-Infliximab enhances selectivity and safety of rheumatoid arthritis therapy. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000286. [PMID: 31194726 PMCID: PMC6563948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, long-term injection of antitumor necrosis factor α antibodies (anti-TNFα Abs) may induce on-target toxicities, including severe infections (tuberculosis [TB] or septic arthritis) and malignancy. Here, we used an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) hinge as an Ab lock to cover the TNFα-binding site of Infliximab by linking it with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2/9 substrate to generate pro-Infliximab that can be specifically activated in the RA region to enhance the selectivity and safety of treatment. The Ab lock significantly inhibits the TNFα binding and reduces the anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) Ab binding to pro-Infliximab by 395-fold, 108-fold compared with Infliximab, respectively, and MMP-2/9 can completely restore the TNFα neutralizing ability of pro-Infliximab to block TNFα downstream signaling. Pro-Infliximab was only selectively activated in the disease site (mouse paws) and presented similar pharmacokinetics (PKs) and bio-distribution to Infliximab. Furthermore, pro-Infliximab not only provided equivalent therapeutic efficacy to Infliximab but also maintained mouse immunity against Listeria infection in the RA mouse model, leading to a significantly higher survival rate (71%) than that of the Infliximab treatment group (0%). The high-selectivity pro-Infliximab maintains host immunity and keeps the original therapeutic efficiency, providing a novel strategy for RA therapy. During treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic administration of anti-TNFα antibodies may induce on-target toxicities, limiting their application. The incorporation of IgG1 hinge as an antibody lock generates a pro-Infliximab whose activation is specific to the disease region, enabling safer RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chi Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Chen
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Han Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Je Li
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsieh
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WWL); (TLC)
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WWL); (TLC)
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13
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Wang X, Wong K, Ouyang W, Rutz S. Targeting IL-10 Family Cytokines for the Treatment of Human Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028548. [PMID: 29038121 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the interleukin (IL)-10 family of cytokines play important roles in regulating immune responses during host defense but also in autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Although IL-10 itself primarily acts on leukocytes and has potent immunosuppressive functions, other family members preferentially target nonimmune compartments, such as tissue epithelial cells, where they elicit innate defense mechanisms to control viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, protect tissue integrity, and promote tissue repair and regeneration. As cytokines are prime drug targets, IL-10 family cytokines provide great opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, tissue damage, and cancer. Yet no therapy in this space has been approved to date. Here, we summarize the diverse biology of the IL-10 family as it relates to human disease and review past and current strategies and challenges to target IL-10 family cytokines for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Kit Wong
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Sascha Rutz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
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14
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DNA hypermethyation and silencing of PITX1 correlated with advanced stage and poor postoperative prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84434-84448. [PMID: 29137437 PMCID: PMC5663609 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is associated with the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in the background mucosa. Dysregulated DNA methylation is known to lead to the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and the activation of oncogenes. To identify the genes whose expression is perturbed by abnormal DNA methylation in ESCC, integrative transcriptomics by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and methylome sequencing by methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) analysis were performed. We found 159 genes with significantly decreased expression in ESCC compared to that in noncancerous esophageal mucosa. MeDIP-seq analysis identified hypermethylation in the promoter region of 56 of these genes. Using surgically resected tissues of 40 cases, we confirmed that the paired-like homeodomain 1 (PITX1) gene was hypermethylated in ESCC compared to that in normal tissues (P < 0.0001) by pyrosequencing. PITX1 overexpression in ESCC cell lines inhibited cell growth and colony formation, whereas PITX1 knockdown accelerated cell growth. A PITX1-transfected ESCC cell line, KYSE30, formed smaller tumors in nude mice than in mock-transfected cells. Hypermethylation of PITX1 was associated with tumor depth (P = 0.0011) and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.0052) and predicted poor survival in ESCC (hazard ratio, 0.1538; 95% confidence interval, 0.03159–0.7488; P = 0.0169). In this study, we found a novel tumor suppressor gene of ESCC, PITX1, which is silenced by DNA hypermethylation. Downregulation of PITX1 contributes to the growth and progression of ESCC. Hypermethylation of the PITX1 in ESCC correlated with tumor progression and advanced stage cancer, and may predict a poor prognosis.
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15
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Abstract
The biology of the T cell cytokines Interleukin (IL-)17 and IL-22 has been a main focus in the field of clinical immunology in the last decade. This intensive interest in both cytokines has resulted in almost 5,000 scientific publications (www.pubmed.com) dealing with the molecular structure, extra- and intracellular signaling pathways, specific transcription factors and the function of IL-17 and IL-22. This review article highlights the main findings concerning IL-17 and IL-22 in the last years.
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16
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Avoiding contact allergens: from basic research to the in vitro identification of contact allergens. Allergol Select 2017; 1:77-84. [PMID: 30402606 PMCID: PMC6039996 DOI: 10.5414/alx01440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a chemical-induced inflammatory skin disease. Contact allergens are low-molecular-weight chemicals that must react with proteins in order to become immunogenic. This interaction leads to the activation of innate immune and stress responses and to the formation of antigenic epitopes for T cells which are the effector cells of ACD. Due to the multitude of chemicals that surround us in our daily life and their potential sensitizing capacity, it is crucial to identify contact sensitizers before these chemicals are used in consumer products. Appropriate in vitro assays for hazard identification are urgently needed to replace animal-based assays. The EU-wide ban on sensitization testing of cosmetic ingredients in animals is in effect since March 2009 and the necessity to test more than 30,000 already marketed chemicals for their sensitizing potential under the EU regulation REACh has intensified the worldwide efforts to replace animal testing. We summarize here the current strategies to develop a battery of assays which allows the identification of contact allergens by in vitro alternatives to animal testing. Our main focus lies on the test systems recently developed within the EU project Sens-it-iv in which we participate.
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17
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Kur-Piotrowska A, Kopcewicz M, Kozak LP, Sachadyn P, Grabowska A, Gawronska-Kozak B. Neotenic phenomenon in gene expression in the skin of Foxn1- deficient (nude) mice - a projection for regenerative skin wound healing. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:56. [PMID: 28068897 PMCID: PMC5223329 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mouse fetuses up to 16 day of embryonic development and nude (Foxn1- deficient) mice are examples of animals that undergo regenerative (scar-free) skin healing. The expression of transcription factor Foxn1 in the epidermis of mouse fetuses begins at embryonic day 16.5 which coincides with the transition point from scar-free to scar-forming skin wound healing. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Foxn1 expression in the skin is an essential condition to establish the adult skin phenotype and that Foxn1 inactivity in nude mice keeps skin in the immature stage resembling the phenomena of neoteny. Results Uninjured skin of adult C57BL/6J (B6) mice, mouse fetuses at days 14 (E14) and 18 (E18) of embryonic development and B6.Cg-Foxn1 nu (nude) mice were characterized for their gene expression profiles by RNA sequencing that was validated through qRT-PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. Differentially regulated genes indicated that nude mice were more similar to E14 (model of regenerative healing) and B6 were more similar to E18 (model of reparative healing). The up-regulated genes in nude and E14 mice were associated with tissue remodeling, cytoskeletal rearrangement, wound healing and immune response, whereas the down-regulated genes were associated with differentiation. E14 and nude mice exhibit prominent up-regulation of keratin (Krt23, -73, -82, -16, -17), involucrin (Ivl) and filaggrin (Flg2) genes. The transcription factors associated with the Hox genes known to specify cell fate during embryonic development and promote embryonic stem cells differentiation were down-regulated in both nude and E14. Among the genes enriched in the nude skin but not shared with E14 fetuses were members of the Wnt and matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) families whereas Bmp and Notch related genes were down-regulated. Conclusions In summary, Foxn1 appears to be a pivotal control element of the developmental program and skin maturation. Nude mice may be considered as a model of neoteny among mammals. The resemblance of gene expression profiles in the skin of both nude and E14 mice are direct or indirect consequences of the Foxn1 deficiency. Foxn1 appears to regulate the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation and its inactivity creates a pro-regenerative environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3401-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kur-Piotrowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Leslie P Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Pawel Sachadyn
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Grabowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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18
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Berker M, Frank LJ, Geßner AL, Grassl N, Holtermann AV, Höppner S, Kraef C, Leclaire MD, Maier P, Messerer DAC, Möhrmann L, Nieke JP, Schoch D, Soll D, Woopen CMP. Allergies - A T cells perspective in the era beyond the T H1/T H2 paradigm. Clin Immunol 2016; 174:73-83. [PMID: 27847316 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases have emerged as a major health care burden, especially in the western hemisphere. They are defined by overshooting reactions of an aberrant immune system to harmless exogenous stimuli. The TH1/TH2 paradigm assumes that a dominance of TH2 cell activation and an inadequate TH1 cell response are responsible for the development of allergies. However, the characterization of additional T helper cell subpopulations such as TH9, TH17, TH22, THGM-CSF and their interplay with regulatory T cells suggest further layers of complexity. This review summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge on T cell diversity and their induction, while revisiting the TH1/TH2 paradigm. With respect to these numerous contributors, it offers a new perspective on the pathogenesis of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) incorporating recent discoveries in the field of T cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Berker
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Larissa Johanna Frank
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Lidwina Geßner
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Grassl
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Verena Holtermann
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Höppner
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kraef
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Martin Dominik Leclaire
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pia Maier
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Lino Möhrmann
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Nieke
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Schoch
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Soll
- German Academic Scholarship Foundation - Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, Bonn, Germany
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Perusina Lanfranca M, Lin Y, Fang J, Zou W, Frankel T. Biological and pathological activities of interleukin-22. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:523-34. [PMID: 26923718 PMCID: PMC4860114 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22, a member of the IL-10 family, is a cytokine secreted by several types of immune cells including IL-22(+)CD4(+) T cells (Th22) and IL-22 expressing innate leukocytes (ILC22). Recent studies have demonstrated that IL-22 is a key component in mucosal barrier defense, tissue repair, epithelial cell survival, and proliferation. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has defined both protective and pathogenic properties of IL-22 in a number of conditions including autoimmune disease, infection, and malignancy. In this review, we summarize the expression and signaling pathway and functional characteristics of the IL-22 and IL-22 receptor axis in physiological and pathological scenarios and discuss the potential to target IL-22 signaling to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Perusina Lanfranca
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yanwei Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Graduate Programs in Immunology and Tumor Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Timothy Frankel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Yasuda T, Fukada T, Nishida K, Nakayama M, Matsuda M, Miura I, Dainichi T, Fukuda S, Kabashima K, Nakaoka S, Bin BH, Kubo M, Ohno H, Hasegawa T, Ohara O, Koseki H, Wakana S, Yoshida H. Hyperactivation of JAK1 tyrosine kinase induces stepwise, progressive pruritic dermatitis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2064-76. [PMID: 27111231 DOI: 10.1172/jci82887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin homeostasis is maintained by the continuous proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells. The skin forms a strong but flexible barrier against microorganisms as well as physical and chemical insults; however, the physiological mechanisms that maintain this barrier are not fully understood. Here, we have described a mutant mouse that spontaneously develops pruritic dermatitis as the result of an initial defect in skin homeostasis that is followed by induction of a Th2-biased immune response. These mice harbor a mutation that results in a single aa substitution in the JAK1 tyrosine kinase that results in hyperactivation, thereby leading to skin serine protease overexpression and disruption of skin barrier function. Accordingly, treatment with an ointment to maintain normal skin barrier function protected mutant mice from dermatitis onset. Pharmacological inhibition of JAK1 also delayed disease onset. Together, these findings indicate that JAK1-mediated signaling cascades in skin regulate the expression of proteases associated with the maintenance of skin barrier function and demonstrate that perturbation of these pathways can lead to the development of spontaneous pruritic dermatitis.
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21
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Anti-Inflammatory Action of Keratinocyte-Derived Vaspin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:639-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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White MJV, Glenn M, Gomer RH. Trypsin potentiates human fibrocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70795. [PMID: 23951012 PMCID: PMC3737277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypsin-containing topical treatments can be used to speed wound healing, although the mechanism of action is unknown. To help form granulation tissue and heal wounds, monocytes leave the circulation, enter the wound tissue, and differentiate into fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes. We find that 20 to 200 ng/ml trypsin (concentrations similar to those used in wound dressings) potentiates the differentiation of human monocytes to fibrocytes in cell culture. Adding trypsin inhibitors increases the amount of trypsin needed to potentiate fibrocyte differentiation, suggesting that the potentiating effect is dependent on trypsin proteolytic activity. Proteases with other site specificities such as pepsin, endoprotease GluC, and chymotrypsin do not potentiate fibrocyte differentiation. This potentiation requires the presence of albumin in the culture medium, and tryptic fragments of human or bovine albumin also potentiate fibrocyte differentiation. These results suggest that topical trypsin speeds wound healing by generating tryptic fragments of albumin, which in turn potentiate fibrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. V. White
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Melissa Glenn
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Behrends J, Renauld JC, Ehlers S, Hölscher C. IL-22 is mainly produced by IFNγ-secreting cells but is dispensable for host protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57379. [PMID: 23460846 PMCID: PMC3583848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory treatment of autoimmune diseases is associated with an increased risk of reactivation tuberculosis (TB). Besides interleukin (IL-17)A, IL-22 represents a classical T helper (TH)17 cytokine and shares similar pathological effects in inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis or arthritis. Whereas IL-17A supports protective immune responses during mycobacterial infections, the role of IL-22 after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is yet poorly characterized. Therefore, we here characterize the cell types producing IL-22 and the protective function of this cytokine during experimental TB in mice. Like IL-17A, IL-22 is expressed early after infection with Mtb in an IL-23-dependent manner. Surprisingly, the majority of IL-22-producing cells are not positive for IL-17A but have rather functional characteristics of interferon-gamma-producing TH1 cells. Although we found minor differences in the number of naive and central memory T cells as well as in the frequency of TH1 and polyfunctional T cells in mice deficient for IL-22, the absence of IL-22 does not affect the outcome of Mtb infection. Our study revealed that although produced by TH1 cells, IL-22 is dispensable for protective immune responses during TB. Therefore, targeting of IL-22 in inflammatory disease may represent a therapeutic approach that does not incur the danger of reactivation TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Behrends
- Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel (RCB), Borstel, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Experimental Medicine Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Ehlers
- Microbial Inflammation Research, RCB, Borstel, Germany
- Molecular Inflammation Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Inflammation-at-Interfaces (Borstel-Kiel-Lübeck-Plön), Germany
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- Infection Immunology, Research Center Borstel (RCB), Borstel, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Inflammation-at-Interfaces (Borstel-Kiel-Lübeck-Plön), Germany
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Raman K, Trivedi NN, Raymond WW, Ganesan R, Kirchhofer D, Verghese GM, Craik CS, Schneider EL, Nimishakavi S, Caughey GH. Mutational tail loss is an evolutionary mechanism for liberating marapsins and other type I serine proteases from transmembrane anchors. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10588-98. [PMID: 23447538 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.449033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse marapsins (Prss27) are serine proteases preferentially expressed by stratified squamous epithelia. However, mouse marapsin contains a transmembrane anchor absent from the human enzyme. To gain insights into physical forms, activities, inhibition, and roles in epithelial differentiation, we traced tail loss in human marapsin to a nonsense mutation in an ancestral ape, compared substrate preferences of mouse and human marapsins with those of the epithelial peptidase prostasin, designed a selective substrate and inhibitor, and generated Prss27-null mice. Phylogenetic analysis predicts that most marapsins are transmembrane proteins. However, nonsense mutations caused membrane anchor loss in three clades: human/bonobo/chimpanzee, guinea pig/degu/tuco-tuco/mole rat, and cattle/yak. Most marapsin-related proteases, including prostasins, are type I transmembrane proteins, but the closest relatives (prosemins) are not. Soluble mouse and human marapsins are tryptic with subsite preferences distinct from those of prostasin, lack general proteinase activity, and unlike prostasins resist antiproteases, including leupeptin, aprotinin, serpins, and α2-macroglobulin, suggesting the presence of non-canonical active sites. Prss27-null mice develop normally in barrier conditions and are fertile without overt epithelial defects, indicating that marapsin does not play critical, non-redundant roles in development, reproduction, or epithelial differentiation. In conclusion, marapsins are conserved, inhibitor-resistant, tryptic peptidases. Although marapsins are type I transmembrane proteins in their typical form, they mutated independently into anchorless forms in several mammalian clades, including one involving humans. Similar pathways appear to have been traversed by prosemins and tryptases, suggesting that mutational tail loss is an important means of evolving new functions of tryptic serine proteases from transmembrane ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Raman
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Bisson F, Rochefort É, Lavoie A, Larouche D, Zaniolo K, Simard-Bisson C, Damour O, Auger FA, Guérin SL, Germain L. Irradiated human dermal fibroblasts are as efficient as mouse fibroblasts as a feeder layer to improve human epidermal cell culture lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4684-704. [PMID: 23443166 PMCID: PMC3634426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14034684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fibroblast feeder layer is currently the best option for large scale expansion of autologous skin keratinocytes that are to be used for the treatment of severely burned patients. In a clinical context, using a human rather than a mouse feeder layer is desirable to reduce the risk of introducing animal antigens and unknown viruses. This study was designed to evaluate if irradiated human fibroblasts can be used in keratinocyte cultures without affecting their morphological and physiological properties. Keratinocytes were grown either with or without a feeder layer in serum-containing medium. Our results showed that keratinocytes grown either on an irradiated human feeder layer or irradiated 3T3 cells (i3T3) can be cultured for a comparable number of passages. The average epithelial cell size and morphology were also similar. On the other hand, keratinocytes grown without a feeder layer showed heavily bloated cells at early passages and stop proliferating after only a few passages. On the molecular aspect, the expression level of the transcription factor Sp1, a useful marker of keratinocytes lifespan, was maintained and stabilized for a high number of passages in keratinocytes grown with feeder layers whereas Sp1 expression dropped quickly without a feeder layer. Furthermore, gene profiling on microarrays identified potential target genes whose expression is differentially regulated in the absence or presence of an i3T3 feeder layer and which may contribute at preserving the growth characteristics of these cells. Irradiated human dermal fibroblasts therefore provide a good human feeder layer for an effective expansion of keratinocytes in vitro that are to be used for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Bisson
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval and, LOEX/CUO-Recherche, Génie tissulaire et régénération, LOEX—Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: (F.B.); (É.R.); (A.L.); (D.L.); (C.S.-B.); (F.A.A.)
- Départements de Chirurgie and d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC K1A 0W9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Éloise Rochefort
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval and, LOEX/CUO-Recherche, Génie tissulaire et régénération, LOEX—Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: (F.B.); (É.R.); (A.L.); (D.L.); (C.S.-B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Amélie Lavoie
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval and, LOEX/CUO-Recherche, Génie tissulaire et régénération, LOEX—Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: (F.B.); (É.R.); (A.L.); (D.L.); (C.S.-B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Danielle Larouche
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval and, LOEX/CUO-Recherche, Génie tissulaire et régénération, LOEX—Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: (F.B.); (É.R.); (A.L.); (D.L.); (C.S.-B.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Karine Zaniolo
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval and, LOEX/CUO-Recherche, Génie tissulaire et régénération, LOEX—Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: (F.B.); (É.R.); (A.L.); (D.L.); (C.S.-B.); (F.A.A.)
- Départements de Chirurgie and d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC K1A 0W9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Carolyne Simard-Bisson
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval and, LOEX/CUO-Recherche, Génie tissulaire et régénération, LOEX—Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: (F.B.); (É.R.); (A.L.); (D.L.); (C.S.-B.); (F.A.A.)
- Départements de Chirurgie and d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC K1A 0W9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Odile Damour
- Banque de Tissus et Cellules HCL, Laboratoire des Substituts Cutanés (LSC) CNRS UPR-412, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon 62437 CEDEX03, France; E-Mail:
| | - François A. Auger
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval and, LOEX/CUO-Recherche, Génie tissulaire et régénération, LOEX—Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: (F.B.); (É.R.); (A.L.); (D.L.); (C.S.-B.); (F.A.A.)
- Départements de Chirurgie and d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC K1A 0W9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval and, LOEX/CUO-Recherche, Génie tissulaire et régénération, LOEX—Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: (F.B.); (É.R.); (A.L.); (D.L.); (C.S.-B.); (F.A.A.)
- Départements de Chirurgie and d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC K1A 0W9, Canada; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.L.G.); (L.G.); Tel.: +1-418-682-7565 (S.L.G.); +1-418-682-7511 (ext. 1696 or 1684) (L.G.); Fax: +1-418-682-8000 (S.L.G.); +1-418-990-8248 (L.G.)
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval and, LOEX/CUO-Recherche, Génie tissulaire et régénération, LOEX—Centre de recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; E-Mails: (F.B.); (É.R.); (A.L.); (D.L.); (C.S.-B.); (F.A.A.)
- Départements de Chirurgie and d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC K1A 0W9, Canada; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.L.G.); (L.G.); Tel.: +1-418-682-7565 (S.L.G.); +1-418-682-7511 (ext. 1696 or 1684) (L.G.); Fax: +1-418-682-8000 (S.L.G.); +1-418-990-8248 (L.G.)
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Kato-Kogoe N, Nishioka T, Kawabe M, Kataoka F, Yamanegi K, Yamada N, Hata M, Yamamoto T, Nakasho K, Urade M, Terada N, Ohyama H. The promotional effect of IL-22 on mineralization activity of periodontal ligament cells. Cytokine 2012; 59:41-8. [PMID: 22537848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin (IL)-22 acts on non-immune cells to induce anti-microbial responses, protection from tissue damage, and enhance cell regeneration. However, little is known about the involvement of IL-22 in periodontal biology. This study investigated the biological effects of IL-22 on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells as part of studies to assess the involvement of IL-22 in periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression levels of IL-22 and its receptors in PDL cells and gingival tissue samples were evaluated by real-time PCR. Proliferative responses and mineralized-matrix forming activities of PDL cells were examined in the presence and absence of IL-22. RESULTS In contrast to the expression of IL-22 receptors detected in PDL tissues and their cell lines, gingival tissues showed modest or no gene expressions of IL-22. The production of several cytokines including IL-11, IL-8 and CCL2 was upregulated by IL-22 treatment of PDL cells in a dose-dependent manner. IL-22 treatment had no effect on the proliferative response in PDL cells. Meanwhile, IL-22 precipitated mineralized nodule formation and induced gene expressions of RUNX2, MSX2 and osteocalcin in PDL cells, suggesting that IL-22 enhances the mineralized matrix-forming activities of PDL cells. CONCLUSION IL-22 has the potential to promote mineralizing activity in PDL cells and to develop appropriate regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoko Kato-Kogoe
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Chioni AM, Grose R. FGFR1 cleavage and nuclear translocation regulates breast cancer cell behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:801-17. [PMID: 22665522 PMCID: PMC3373409 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
FGFR1 cleavage by Granzyme B induces its nuclear translocation, in which it stimulates cell migration through effects on gene expression. FGF-10 and its receptors, FGFR1 and FGFR2, have been implicated in breast cancer susceptibility and progression, suggesting that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling may be co-opted by breast cancer cells. We identify a novel pathway downstream of FGFR1 activation, whereby the receptor is cleaved and traffics to the nucleus, where it can regulate specific target genes. We confirm Granzyme B (GrB) as the protease responsible for cleavage and show that blocking GrB activity stopped FGFR1 trafficking to the nucleus and abrogates the promigratory effect of FGF stimulation. We confirm the in vivo relevance of our findings, showing that FGFR1 localized to the nucleus specifically in invading cells in both clinical material and a three-dimensional model of breast cancer. We identify target genes for FGFR1, which exert significant effects on cell migration and may represent an invasive signature. Our experiments identify a novel mechanism by which FGF signaling can regulate cancer cell behavior and provide a novel therapeutic target for treatment of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina-Myrto Chioni
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
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28
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Ganesan R, Zhang Y, Landgraf KE, Lin SJ, Moran P, Kirchhofer D. An allosteric anti-hepsin antibody derived from a constrained phage display library. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:127-33. [PMID: 22258274 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine protease hepsin is highly upregulated in prostate cancer and is implicated in tumor progression. Therefore, specific inhibition of hepsin enzymatic activity by an antibody constitutes an attractive therapeutic approach. Here, we report the identification of the anti-hepsin antibody Fab25 by screening of a Fab phage display library with a restricted chemical diversity at the complementary determining regions. Hepsin with its S1 pocket occupied by 3,4-dichloro-isocoumarin was used as the 'bait' for library screening. Fab25 was highly specific and it potently inhibited hepsin activity toward a panel of synthetic and macromolecular substrates. Biochemical and enzymatic studies with synthetic substrates of variable length suggested that Fab25 acts as an allosteric inhibitor based on non-competitive inhibition kinetics. Isothermal titration calorimetric experiments showed that the high-affinity (K(D) 6.1 nM) binding of Fab25 with hepsin is enthalpically driven. Despite an unusually long CDR-H3 loop with several potential hepsin cleavage sites (Lys, Arg residues), Fab25 was not processed by hepsin. Antibody-25 should be valuable for investigating hepsin's role in cancer progression and for potential therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the herein presented phage display strategy using an active site-modified protease should be widely applicable for identifying potential allosteric anti-protease antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Ganesan
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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29
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Ness-Schwickerath KJ, Morita CT. Regulation and function of IL-17A- and IL-22-producing γδ T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2371-90. [PMID: 21573786 PMCID: PMC3152582 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of IL-17A and IL-22 production differs between human and murine γδ T cells. We find that human γδ T cells expressing Vγ2Vδ2 T cell receptors are peripherally polarized to produce IL-17A or IL-22, much like CD4 αβ Th17 T cells. This requires IL-6, IL-1β, and TGF-β, whereas expansion and maintenance requires IL-23, IL-1β, and TGF-β. In contrast, IL-17A and IL-22 production by murine γδ T cells is innately programmed during thymic ontogeny but requires IL-23 and IL-1β for maintenance. Murine γδ cells producing IL-17A and IL-22 play important roles in microbial, autoimmune, and inflammatory responses. However, the roles played by human IL-17A- and IL-22-producing γδ T cells are less clear but are also likely to be important. These observations highlight differences between humans and murine γδ T cells and underscore the importance of IL-17A- and IL-22-producing γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J. Ness-Schwickerath
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, EMRB 400F, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Craig T. Morita
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, EMRB 400F, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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30
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Eyerich S, Wagener J, Wenzel V, Scarponi C, Pennino D, Albanesi C, Schaller M, Behrendt H, Ring J, Schmidt-Weber CB, Cavani A, Mempel M, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Eyerich K. IL-22 and TNF-α represent a key cytokine combination for epidermal integrity during infection with Candida albicans. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:1894-901. [PMID: 21469124 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T cells exercise their full impact on target cells through a combination of secreted cytokines. The recently described T helper cell subset Th22 is characterized by a combinatorial secretion of IL-22 and TNF-α. Here, we demonstrate that IL-22 increases the TNF-α-dependent induction and secretion of several immune-modulatory molecules such as initial complement factors C1r and C1s, antimicrobial peptides S100A7 and HBD-2 (human β defensin 2), and antimicrobial chemokines CXCL-9/-10/-11 in primary human keratinocytes. The synergism of IL-22 and TNF-α is transmitted intracellularly by MAP kinases and downstream by transcription factors of the AP-1 family. The induction of innate immunity is relevant in an in vitro infection model, where keratinocytes stimulated with Th22 supernatants or recombinant IL-22 plus TNF-α effectively inhibit the growth of Candida albicans and maintain survival of epithelia. Accordingly, the combinatorial stimulation of keratinocytes with IL-22 and TNF-α most efficiently conserves the integrity of the epidermal barrier in a three-dimensional skin infection model as compared with IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-22 or TNF-α alone. In summary, we demonstrate that IL-22 and TNF-α represent a potent, synergistic cytokine combination for cutaneous immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Eyerich
- ZAUM-Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Ouyang W, Rutz S, Crellin NK, Valdez PA, Hymowitz SG. Regulation and functions of the IL-10 family of cytokines in inflammation and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2011; 29:71-109. [PMID: 21166540 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1314] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The IL-10 family of cytokines consists of nine members: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and the more distantly related IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29. Evolutionarily, IL-10 family cytokines emerged before the adaptive immune response. These cytokines elicit diverse host defense mechanisms, especially from epithelial cells, during various infections. IL-10 family cytokines are essential for maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of tissue epithelial layers. Members of this family can promote innate immune responses from tissue epithelia to limit the damage caused by viral and bacterial infections. These cytokines can also facilitate the tissue-healing process in injuries caused by infection or inflammation. Finally, IL-10 itself can repress proinflammatory responses and limit unnecessary tissue disruptions caused by inflammation. Thus, IL-10 family cytokines have indispensable functions in many infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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The unique expression profile of human TIPE2 suggests new functions beyond its role in immune regulation. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:1209-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hu X, Yu W, Sun H, Wang X, Han C. Epidermal cells delivered for cutaneous wound healing. J DERMATOL TREAT 2010; 23:224-37. [DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2010.495741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Eyerich S, Eyerich K, Cavani A, Schmidt-Weber C. IL-17 and IL-22: siblings, not twins. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:354-61. [PMID: 20691634 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
T helper (Th) cell subsets secrete cytokines that regulate other immune cells. Interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22 belong to a new class of cytokines with predominant effects on epithelial cells. Thus, these cytokines are key molecules in several disease processes. IL-17 and IL-22 are released by leukocytes such as Th and natural killer cell populations. Both IL-17 and IL-22 induce an innate immune response in epithelial cells, but their functional spectra are generally distinct. IL-17 induces an inflammatory tissue response and is involved in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, whereas IL-22 is protective/regenerative. This review juxtaposes IL-17 and IL-22 and describes overlaps and differences regarding their cellular sources, biochemical structure, signaling cascades in target cells, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Eyerich
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Eyerich S, Eyerich K, Pennino D, Carbone T, Nasorri F, Pallotta S, Cianfarani F, Odorisio T, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Behrendt H, Durham SR, Schmidt-Weber CB, Cavani A. Th22 cells represent a distinct human T cell subset involved in epidermal immunity and remodeling. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:3573-85. [PMID: 19920355 PMCID: PMC2786807 DOI: 10.1172/jci40202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Th subsets are defined according to their production of lineage-indicating cytokines and functions. In this study, we have identified a subset of human Th cells that infiltrates the epidermis in individuals with inflammatory skin disorders and is characterized by the secretion of IL-22 and TNF-alpha, but not IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-17. In analogy to the Th17 subset, cells with this cytokine profile have been named the Th22 subset. Th22 clones derived from patients with psoriasis were stable in culture and exhibited a transcriptome profile clearly separate from those of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells; it included genes encoding proteins involved in tissue remodeling, such as FGFs, and chemokines involved in angiogenesis and fibrosis. Primary human keratinocytes exposed to Th22 supernatants expressed a transcriptome response profile that included genes involved in innate immune pathways and the induction and modulation of adaptive immunity. These proinflammatory Th22 responses were synergistically dependent on IL-22 and TNF-alpha. Furthermore, Th22 supernatants enhanced wound healing in an in vitro injury model, which was exclusively dependent on IL-22. In conclusion, the human Th22 subset may represent a separate T cell subset with a distinct identity with respect to gene expression and function, present within the epidermal layer in inflammatory skin diseases. Future strategies directed against the Th22 subset may be of value in chronic inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Eyerich
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Pennino
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Carbone
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Nasorri
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabatino Pallotta
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Cianfarani
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Odorisio
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heidrun Behrendt
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Durham
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Cavani
- Molecular Immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Immunology,
Division of Dermatology, and
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Center Munich/Technische Universität Munich and ZAUM — Center for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Upper Respiratory Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Liu Y, Sui YP, Wang JX, Zhao XF. Characterization of the trypsin-like protease (Ha-TLP2) constitutively expressed in the integument of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 72:74-87. [PMID: 19557747 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Trypsins belong to the serine endoproteases. They are the most important proteases in insects because of their key roles in food digestion and zymogens activation. But there has been little study of the trypsins in the integuments of insects. In this work, we cloned a trypsin-like protease gene from Helicoverpa armigera and named it trypsin-like protease 2 (Ha-TLP2). Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that Ha-TLP2 is constitutively expressed in the integument and can be down-regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and up-regulated by the juvenile hormone (JH) analog methoprene. Immunohistochemistry showed that Ha-TLP2 is located not only in the epidermis, but also in new and old cuticles. Immunoblotting and gelatin-SDS-PAGE revealed that Ha-TLP2 is constitutively expressed with activity in the integument during larval feeding, molting, and metamorphosis. This evidence suggests that Ha-TLP2 is involved in the remodeling of the integument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
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