1
|
Dufrancais O, Verdys P, Métais A, Juzans M, Sanchez T, Bergert M, Plozza M, Halper J, Panebianco CJ, Mascarau R, Gence R, Arnaud G, Neji MB, Maridonneau-Parini I, Cabec VL, Boerckel JD, Pavlos NJ, Diz-Muñoz A, Lagarrigue F, Blin-Wakkach C, Carréno S, Poincloux R, Burkhardt JK, Raynaud-Messina B, Vérollet C. Moesin activation controls bone resorption and tunneling nanotube-dependent osteoclast fusion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593799. [PMID: 38798563 PMCID: PMC11118517 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells unique in their ability to resorb bone. Osteoclastogenesis involves several steps of actin-driven rearrangements that participate not only in the cell-cell fusion process, but also in the formation of the sealing zone, the adhesive structure determining the resorption area. Despite the importance of these actin cytoskeleton-based processes, their precise mechanisms of regulation are still poorly characterized. Here, we found that moesin, a member of the Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) protein family, is activated during osteoclast maturation and plays an instrumental role for both osteoclast fusion and function. In mouse and human osteoclast precursors, moesin is negatively regulated to potentiate their ability to fuse and degrade bone. Accordingly, we demonstrated that moesin depletion decreases membrane-to-cortex attachment and enhances formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), F-actin-containing intercellular bridges that we revealed to trigger osteoclast fusion. In addition, via a β3-integrin/RhoA/SLK pathway and independently of its role in fusion, moesin regulates the number and organization of sealing zones in mature osteoclast, and thus participates in the control of bone resorption. Supporting these findings, we found that moesin-deficient mice are osteopenic with a reduced density of trabecular bones and increased osteoclast abundance and activity. These findings provide a better understanding of the regulation of osteoclast biology, and open new opportunities to specifically target osteoclast activity in bone disease therapy.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang S, He Z, Wu T, Wang S, Dai H. Glycobiology in osteoclast differentiation and function. Bone Res 2023; 11:55. [PMID: 37884496 PMCID: PMC10603120 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans, either alone or in complex with glycan-binding proteins, are essential structures that can regulate cell biology by mediating protein stability or receptor dimerization under physiological and pathological conditions. Certain glycans are ligands for lectins, which are carbohydrate-specific receptors. Bone is a complex tissue that provides mechanical support for muscles and joints, and the regulation of bone mass in mammals is governed by complex interplay between bone-forming cells, called osteoblasts, and bone-resorbing cells, called osteoclasts. Bone erosion occurs when bone resorption notably exceeds bone formation. Osteoclasts may be activated during cancer, leading to a range of symptoms, including bone pain, fracture, and spinal cord compression. Our understanding of the role of protein glycosylation in cells and tissues involved in osteoclastogenesis suggests that glycosylation-based treatments can be used in the management of diseases. The aims of this review are to clarify the process of bone resorption and investigate the signaling pathways mediated by glycosylation and their roles in osteoclast biology. Moreover, we aim to outline how the lessons learned about these approaches are paving the way for future glycobiology-focused therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufa Yang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Ziyi He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tuo Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shunlei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong H, Kim D, Montagne K, Ushida T, Furukawa KS. Differentiation-inducing effect of osteoclast microgrooves for the purpose of three-dimensional design of regenerated bone. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:174-184. [PMID: 37392936 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
In vivo bone remodeling is promoted by the balance between osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Conventional research on bone regeneration has mainly focused on increasing osteoblast activity, with limited studies on the effects of scaffold topography on cell differentiation. Here, we examined the effect of microgroove-patterned substrate with spacings ranging from 1 to 10 μm on the differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived osteoclast precursors. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and relative gene expression quantification showed that osteoclast differentiation was enhanced in substrate with 1 µm microgroove spacing compared with that in the other groups. Additionally, the ratio of podosome maturation stages in substrate with 1 μm microgroove spacing exhibited a distinct pattern, which was characterized by an increase in the ratio of belts and rings and a decrease in that of clusters. However, myosin II abolished the effects of topography on osteoclast differentiation. Overall, these showed that the reduction of myosin II tension in the podosome core by an integrin vertical vector increased podosome stability and promoted osteoclast differentiation in substrates with 1 μm microgroove spacing, including that microgroove design plays an important role in scaffolds for bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Reduction of myosin II tension in the podosome core, facilitated by an integrin vertical vector, resulted in an enhanced osteoclast differentiation, concomitant with an increase in podosome stability within 1-μm-spaced microgrooves. These findings are anticipated to serve as valuable indicators for the regulation of osteoclast differentiation through the manipulation of biomaterial surface topography in tissue engineering. Furthermore, this study contributes to the lucidation of the underlying mechanisms governing cellular differentiation by providing insights into the impact of the microtopographical environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heonuk Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dain Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kevin Montagne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko S Furukawa
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng R, Dong Y, Kang H, Guo Q, Zhu M, Li F. Identification of Genes with Altered Methylation in Osteoclast Differentiation and Its Roles in Osteoporosis. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:575-589. [PMID: 35699379 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic skeletal diseases, which affects more than 200 million people worldwide, especially elderly and postmenopausal women. One of the main processes of osteoporosis is attenuated bone formation. Abundant evidence has confirmed that overactivated osteoclasts are responsible for the attenuated bone formation. This study aims at identifying novel methylation-associated biomarkers and therapeutic targets in osteoclasts by integrally analyzing methylation profiles and gene expression data. DNA methylation profile and gene expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, we integrated the two sets of data to screen for differentially expressed genes with differential methylation level (DM-DEGs) between osteoclasts and CD14+ monocytes from donors. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to uncover the enriched functions and pathways of identified DM-DEGs. In addition, by combining protein-protein interaction analysis and receiver-operator characteristic analysis, we finally identified four hub DM-DEGs. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was utilized to validate and investigate the potential biological functions of the four hub DM-DEGs. Finally, Real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) was performed to validate the mRNA expression level of the four identified hub DM-DEGs during osteoclast differentiation. CCRL2, CCL18, C1QB, and SELL were highly correlated with osteoclastic differentiation and osteoporosis phenotype. QPCR revealed that the expression of CCRL2, CCL18, and C1QB was increased during osteoclast differentiation, whereas the expression of SELL was decreased. The present study indicated a connection between gene expression and DNA methylation during osteoclast differentiation and that four hub DM-DEGs in osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis pathogenesis might be potential candidates for intensive research and therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglei Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meipeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Biological Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duarte C, Yamada C, Garcia C, Akkaoui J, Ho A, Nichols F, Movila A. Crosstalk between dihydroceramides produced by
Porphyromonas gingivalis
and host lysosomal cathepsin B in the promotion of osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2841-2851. [PMID: 35429112 PMCID: PMC9097840 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Duarte
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Chiaki Yamada
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Christopher Garcia
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Juliet Akkaoui
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Anny Ho
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Frank Nichols
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dufrançais O, Mascarau R, Poincloux R, Maridonneau-Parini I, Raynaud-Messina B, Vérollet C. Cellular and molecular actors of myeloid cell fusion: podosomes and tunneling nanotubes call the tune. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6087-6104. [PMID: 34296319 PMCID: PMC8429379 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Different types of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) of myeloid origin have been described; osteoclasts are the most extensively studied because of their importance in bone homeostasis. MGCs are formed by cell-to-cell fusion, and most types have been observed in pathological conditions, especially in infectious and non-infectious chronic inflammatory contexts. The precise role of the different MGCs and the mechanisms that govern their formation remain poorly understood, likely due to their heterogeneity. First, we will introduce the main populations of MGCs derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We will then discuss the known molecular actors mediating the early stages of fusion, focusing on cell-surface receptors involved in the cell-to-cell adhesion steps that ultimately lead to multinucleation. Given that cell-to-cell fusion is a complex and well-coordinated process, we will also describe what is currently known about the evolution of F-actin-based structures involved in macrophage fusion, i.e., podosomes, zipper-like structures, and tunneling nanotubes (TNT). Finally, the localization and potential role of the key fusion mediators related to the formation of these F-actin structures will be discussed. This review intends to present the current status of knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting multinucleation of myeloid cells, highlighting the gaps still existing, and contributing to the proposition of potential disease-specific MGC markers and/or therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Dufrançais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Mascarau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France
| | - Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Comparative antler proteome of sika deer from different developmental stages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10484. [PMID: 34006919 PMCID: PMC8131589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antler is a special bone tissue that has the ability to regenerate completely periodically. It is the fastest growing bone in the animal kingdom. Antler provides a valuable research model for bone growth and mineralization. Antler grows longitudinally by endochondral ossification with their growth center located in its tip. Many scholars have carried out detailed studies on morphology and gene expression of antler tip. However, few scholars have analyzed the protein expression patterns of antler tip at different development stages. This study used label-free proteomics approach to analyze the protein expression dynamics of the antler tip in six developmental periods (15, 25, 45, 65, 100 and 130 days after the previous antler cast) and costal cartilage. In result, 2052 proteins were confidently quantified, including 1937 antler proteins and 1044 costal cartilage proteins. Moreover, 913 antler core proteins and 132 antler-special proteins were obtained. Besides, the stages special proteins and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in different development stages were analyzed. A total of 875 DEPs were determined by one-way AVOVA. It is found that the growth period (15, 25, 45 and 65 days) showed more up-regulated protein including several chondrogenesis-associated proteins (collagen types II, collagen types XI, HAPLN1, PAPSS1 and PAPSS2). In ossification stages, the up-regulated proteins related with lysosome (CTSD, CTSB, MMP9, CAII) indicated that the antler has higher bone remodeling activity. Given the up-regulated expression of immune-related molecules (S100A7, CATHL7, LTF, AZU1, ELANE and MPO), we speculate that the local immune system may contribute to the ossification of antler tip. In conclusion, proteomics technology was used to deeply analyze the protein expression patterns of antler at different development stages. This provides a strong support for the research on the molecular regulation mechanism of rapid growth and ossification of velvet antler.
Collapse
|
8
|
Osteoclast Multinucleation: Review of Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165685. [PMID: 32784443 PMCID: PMC7461040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multinucleation is a hallmark of osteoclast maturation. The unique and dynamic multinucleation process not only increases cell size but causes functional alterations through reconstruction of the cytoskeleton, creating the actin ring and ruffled border that enable bone resorption. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast multinucleation has advanced considerably in this century, especially since the identification of DC-STAMP and OC-STAMP as “master fusogens”. Regarding the molecules and pathways surrounding these STAMPs, however, only limited progress has been made due to the absence of their ligands. Various molecules and mechanisms other than the STAMPs are involved in osteoclast multinucleation. In addition, several preclinical studies have explored chemicals that may be able to target osteoclast multinucleation, which could enable us to control pathogenic bone metabolism more precisely. In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries regarding the STAMPs and other molecules involved in osteoclast multinucleation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Guérit D, Marie P, Morel A, Maurin J, Verollet C, Raynaud-Messina B, Urbach S, Blangy A. Primary myeloid cell proteomics and transcriptomics: importance of β-tubulin isotypes for osteoclast function. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239772. [PMID: 32265273 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Among hematopoietic cells, osteoclasts (OCs) and immature dendritic cells (DCs) are closely related myeloid cells with distinct functions: OCs participate skeleton maintenance while DCs sample the environment for foreign antigens. Such specificities rely on profound modifications of gene and protein expression during OC and DC differentiation. We provide global proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of primary mouse OCs and DCs, based on original stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and RNAseq data. We established specific signatures for OCs and DCs, including genes and proteins of unknown functions. In particular, we showed that OCs and DCs have the same α- and β-tubulin isotype repertoire but that OCs express much more of the β tubulin isotype Tubb6 (also known as TBB6). In both mouse and human OCs, we demonstrate that elevated expression of Tubb6 in OCs is necessary for correct podosomes organization and thus for the structure of the sealing zone, which sustains the bone resorption apparatus. Hence, lowering Tubb6 expression hinders OC resorption activity. Overall, we highlight here potential new regulators of OC and DC biology, and illustrate the functional importance of the tubulin isotype repertoire in the biology of differentiated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Guérit
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Marie
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Morel
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Maurin
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Christel Verollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV' (1167), 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV' (1167), Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Argentina
| | - Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV' (1167), 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
- International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV' (1167), Buenos Aires C1425AUM, Argentina
| | - Serge Urbach
- Functional Proteomics Facility, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shin B, Won H, Adams DJ, Lee SK. CD55 Regulates Bone Mass in Mice by Modulating RANKL-Mediated Rac Signaling and Osteoclast Function. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:130-142. [PMID: 31487060 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CD55 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that regulates complement-mediated and innate and adaptive immune responses. Although CD55 is expressed in various cell types in the bone marrow, its role in bone has not been investigated. In the current study, trabecular bone volume measured by μCT in the femurs of CD55KO female mice was increased compared to wild type (WT). Paradoxically, osteoclast number was increased in CD55KO with no differences in osteoblast parameters. Osteoclasts from CD55KO mice exhibited abnormal actin-ring formation and reduced bone-resorbing activity. Moreover, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) treatment failed to activate Rac guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) in CD55KO bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cells. In addition, apoptotic caspases activity was enhanced in CD55KO, which led to the poor survival of mature osteoclasts. Our results imply that CD55KO mice have increased bone mass due to defective osteoclast resorbing activity resulting from reduced Rac activity in osteoclasts. We conclude that CD55 plays an important role in the survival and bone-resorption activity of osteoclasts through regulation of Rac activity. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bongjin Shin
- UCONN Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Heeyeon Won
- UCONN Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Douglas J Adams
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- UCONN Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Genetic mapping of distal femoral, stifle, and tibial radiographic morphology in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223094. [PMID: 31622367 PMCID: PMC6797204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) is a complex trait. Ten measurements were made on orthogonal distal pelvic limb radiographs of 161 pure and mixed breed dogs with, and 55 without, cranial cruciate partial or complete ligament rupture. Dogs with CCLD had significantly smaller infrapatellar fat pad width, higher average tibial plateau angle, and were heavier than control dogs. The first PC weightings captured the overall size of the dog’s stifle and PC2 weightings reflected an increasing tibial plateau angle coupled with a smaller fat pad width. Of these dogs, 175 were genotyped, and 144,509 polymorphisms were used in a genome-wide association study with both a mixed linear and a multi-locus model. For both models, significant (pgenome <3.46×10−7 for the mixed and< 6.9x10-8 for the multilocus model) associations were found for PC1, tibial diaphyseal length and width, fat pad base length, and femoral and tibial condyle width at LCORL, a known body size-regulating locus. Other body size loci with significant associations were growth hormone 1 (GH1), which was associated with the length of the fat pad base and the width of the tibial diaphysis, and a region on CFAX near IRS4 and ACSL4 in the multilocus model. The tibial plateau angle was associated significantly with a locus on CFA10 in the linear mixed model with nearest candidate genes BET1 and MYH9 and on CFA08 near candidate genes WDHD1 and GCH1. MYH9 has a major role in osteoclastogenesis. Our study indicated that tibial plateau slope is associated with CCLD and a compressed infrapatellar fat pad, a surrogate for stifle osteoarthritis. Because of the association between tibial plateau slope and CCLD, and pending independent validation, these candidate genes for tibial plateau slope may be tested in breeds susceptible to CCLD before they develop disease or are bred.
Collapse
|
12
|
Myosins in Osteoclast Formation and Function. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040157. [PMID: 30467281 PMCID: PMC6317158 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal quantity and quality are determined by processes of bone modeling and remodeling, which are undertaken by cells that build and resorb bone as they respond to mechanical, hormonal, and other external and internal signals. As the sole bone resorptive cell type, osteoclasts possess a remarkably dynamic actin cytoskeleton that drives their function in this enterprise. Actin rearrangements guide osteoclasts’ capacity for precursor fusion during differentiation, for migration across bone surfaces and sensing of their composition, and for generation of unique actin superstructures required for the resorptive process. In this regard, it is not surprising that myosins, the superfamily of actin-based motor proteins, play key roles in osteoclast physiology. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge of the osteoclast actin cytoskeleton and describes myosins’ roles in osteoclast differentiation, migration, and actin superstructure patterning.
Collapse
|
13
|
Maurin J, Morel A, Hassen-Khodja C, Vives V, Jurdic P, Machuca-Gayet I, Blangy A. Combined strategy of siRNA and osteoclast actin cytoskeleton automated imaging to identify novel regulators of bone resorption shows a non-mitotic function for anillin. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:568-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
14
|
McMichael BK, Jeong YH, Auerbach JA, Han CM, Sedlar R, Shettigar V, Bähler M, Agarwal S, Kim DG, Lee BS. The RhoGAP Myo9b Promotes Bone Growth by Mediating Osteoblastic Responsiveness to IGF-1. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2103-2115. [PMID: 28585695 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Ras homolog A (RhoA) subfamily of Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulates actin-based cellular functions in bone such as differentiation, migration, and mechanotransduction. Polymorphisms or genetic ablation of RHOA and some of its regulatory guanine exchange factors (GEFs) have been linked to poor bone health in humans and mice, but the effects of RhoA-specific GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) on bone quality have not yet been identified. Therefore, we examined the consequences of RhoGAP Myo9b gene knockout on bone growth, phenotype, and cellular activity. Male and female mice lacking both alleles demonstrated growth retardation and decreased bone formation rates during early puberty. These mice had smaller, weaker bones by 4 weeks of age, but only female KOs had altered cellular numbers, with fewer osteoblasts and more osteoclasts. By 12 weeks of age, bone quality in KOs worsened. In contrast, 4-week-old heterozygotes demonstrated bone defects that resolved by 12 weeks of age. Throughout, Myo9b ablation affected females more than males. Osteoclast activity appeared unaffected. In primary osteogenic cells, Myo9b was distributed in stress fibers and focal adhesions, and its absence resulted in poor spreading and eventual detachment from culture dishes. Similarly, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts with transiently suppressed Myo9b levels spread poorly and contained decreased numbers of focal adhesions. These cells also demonstrated reduced ability to undergo IGF-1-induced spreading or chemotaxis toward IGF-1, though responses to PDGF and BMP-2 were unaffected. IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) activation was normal in cells with diminished Myo9b levels, but the activated receptor was redistributed from stress fibers and focal adhesions into nuclei, potentially affecting receptor accessibility and gene expression. These results demonstrate that Myo9b regulates a subset of RhoA-activated processes necessary for IGF-1 responsiveness in osteogenic cells, and is critical for normal bone formation in growing mice. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-Hoon Jeong
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Cheol-Min Han
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Sedlar
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vikram Shettigar
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sudha Agarwal
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Beth S Lee
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Osteoclasts begin as mononuclear cells that fuse to form multinuclear cells able to resorb bone. The mechanisms that regulate all the steps of osteoclast differentiation are not entirely known. MYO10, an unconventional myosin, has previously been shown in mature osteoclasts to play a role in attachment and podosome positioning. We determined that MYO10 is also expressed early during osteoclast differentiation. Loss of MYO10 expression in osteoclast precursors inhibits the ability of mononuclear osteoclasts to fuse into multinuclear osteoclasts. Expression of Nfatc1, Dc-stamp, Ctsk, and β3integrin is reduced in the osteoclasts with reduced MYO10 expression. A slight reduction in the osteoclasts ability to migrate, as well as a reduction in SMAD 1/5/8 phosphorylation are also noted with reduced MYO10 expression. Interestingly we also detected a change in the ability of the osteoclast precursors to form tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), which suggests that MYO10 may regulate the presence of TNTs through its interaction with the cytoskeletal proteins.
Collapse
|
16
|
Takito J, Otsuka H, Inoue S, Kawashima T, Nakamura M. Symmetrical retrograde actin flow in the actin fusion structure is involved in osteoclast fusion. Biol Open 2017; 6:1104-1114. [PMID: 28711870 PMCID: PMC5550915 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the zipper-like structure (ZLS), a podosome-related structure that transiently appears at the cell contact zone, in osteoclast fusion. Live-cell imaging of osteoclasts derived from RAW264.7 cells transfected with EGFP-actin revealed consistent symmetrical retrograde actin flow in the ZLS, but not in the podosome cluster, the podosome ring or the podosome belt. Confocal imaging showed that the distributions of F-actin, vinculin, paxillin and zyxin in the ZLS were different from those in the podosome belt. Thick actin filament bundles running outside the ZLS appeared to recruit non-muscle myosin IIA. The F-actin-rich domain of the ZLS contained actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3). Inhibition of Arp2/3 activity disorganized the ZLS, disrupted actin flow, deteriorated cell-cell adhesion and inhibited osteoclast hypermultinucleation. In contrast, ML-7, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase, had little effect on the structure of ZLS and promoted osteoclast hypermultinucleation. These results reveal a link between actin flow in the ZLS and osteoclast fusion. Osteoclast fusion was promoted by branched actin elongation and negatively regulated by actomyosin contraction. Summary: Multinucleated osteoclasts form a podosome-derived fusion structure during cell fusion. Juxtaposition of fusion partner cells is probably maintained via force generated by symmetrical retrograde actin flow in the fusion structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Takito
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hirotada Otsuka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kawashima
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bobkov DE, Kropacheva IV. The effect of lysophosphatidic acid on the composition of cytoplasmic protein complexes that contain myosin-9 and tropomyosin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x17030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Kanzaki H, Movila A, Kayal R, Napimoga MH, Egashira K, Dewhirst F, Sasaki H, Howait M, Al-Dharrab A, Mira A, Han X, Taubman MA, Nichols FC, Kawai T. Phosphoglycerol dihydroceramide, a distinctive ceramide produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, promotes RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by acting on non-muscle myosin II-A (Myh9), an osteoclast cell fusion regulatory factor. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:452-462. [PMID: 28153611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among several virulence factors produced by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a recently identified novel class of dihydroceramide lipids that contains a long acyl-chain has the potential to play a pathogenic role in periodontitis because of its higher level of tissue penetration compared to other lipid classes produced by Pg. However, the possible impact of Pg ceramides on osteoclastogenesis is largely unknown. In the present study, we report that the phosphoglycerol dihydroceramide (PGDHC) isolated from Pg enhanced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Using RAW264.7 cells, in vitro assays indicated that PGDHC can promote RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by generating remarkably larger TRAP+ multinuclear osteoclasts compared to Pg LPS in a TLR2/4-independent manner. According to fluorescent confocal microscopy, co-localization of non-muscle myosin II-A (Myh9) and PGDHC was observed in the cytoplasm of osteoclasts, indicating the membrane-permeability of PGDHC. Loss- and gain-of-function assays using RNAi-based Myh9 gene silencing, as well as overexpression of the Myh9 gene, in RAW264.7 cells showed that interaction of PGDHC with Myh9 enhances RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. It was also demonstrated that PGDHC can upregulate the expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), an important osteoclast fusogen, through signaling that involves Rac1, suggesting that interaction of PGDHC with Myh9 can elicit the cell signal that promotes osteoclast cell fusion. Taken together, our data indicated that PGDHC is a Pg-derived, cell-permeable ceramide that possesses a unique property of promoting osteoclastogenesis via interaction with Myh9 which, in turn, activates a Rac1/DC-STAMP pathway for upregulation of osteoclast cell fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Alexandru Movila
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Rayyan Kayal
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marcelo H Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kenji Egashira
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; LION Corporation, Research and Development Headquarters, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Floyd Dewhirst
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Microbiology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mohammed Howait
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayman Al-Dharrab
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulghani Mira
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Martin A Taubman
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Frank C Nichols
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; NOVA Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nakajima K, Kho DH, Yanagawa T, Harazono Y, Hogan V, Chen W, Ali-Fehmi R, Mehra R, Raz A. Galectin-3 Cleavage Alters Bone Remodeling: Different Outcomes in Breast and Prostate Cancer Skeletal Metastasis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1391-402. [PMID: 26837763 PMCID: PMC4863655 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Management of bone metastasis remains clinically challenging and requires the identification of new molecular target(s) that can be therapeutically exploited to improve patient outcome. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has been implicated as a secreted factor that alters the bone microenvironment. Proteolytic cleavage of Gal-3 may also contribute to malignant cellular behaviors, but has not been addressed in cancer metastasis. Here, we report that Gal-3 modulates the osteolytic bone tumor microenvironment in the presence of RANKL. Gal-3 was localized on the osteoclast cell surface, and its suppression by RNAi or a specific antagonist markedly inhibited osteoclast differentiation markers, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and reduced the number of mature osteoclasts. Structurally, the 158-175 amino acid sequence in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Gal-3 was responsible for augmented osteoclastogenesis. During osteoclast maturation, Gal-3 interacted and colocalized with myosin-2A along the surface of cell-cell fusion. Pathologically, bone metastatic cancers expressed and released an intact form of Gal-3, mainly detected in breast cancer bone metastases, as well as a cleaved form, more abundant in prostate cancer bone metastases. Secreted intact Gal-3 interacted with myosin-2A, leading to osteoclastogenesis, whereas a shift to cleaved Gal-3 attenuated the enhancement in osteoclast differentiation. Thus, our studies demonstrate that Gal-3 shapes the bone tumor microenvironment through distinct roles contingent on its cleavage status, and highlight Gal-3 targeting through the CRD as a potential therapeutic strategy for mitigating osteolytic bone remodeling in the metastatic niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Nakajima
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dhong Hyo Kho
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Takashi Yanagawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yosuke Harazono
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Victor Hogan
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Wei Chen
- Biostatistics Core, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Avraham Raz
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Patel N, Nizami S, Song L, Mikami M, Hsu A, Hickernell T, Chandhanayingyong C, Rho S, Compton JT, Caldwell JM, Kaiser PB, Bai H, Lee HG, Fischer CR, Lee FY. CA-074Me compound inhibits osteoclastogenesis via suppression of the NFATc1 and c-FOS signaling pathways. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1474-86. [PMID: 25428830 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The osteoclast is an integral cell of bone resorption. Since osteolytic disorders hinge on the function and dysfunction of the osteoclast, understanding osteoclast biology is fundamental to designing new therapies that curb osteolytic disorders. The identification and study of lysosomal proteases, such as cathepsins, have shed light on mechanisms of bone resorption. For example, Cathepsin K has already been identified as a collagen degradation protease produced by mature osteoclasts with high activity in the acidic osteoclast resorption pits. Delving into the mechanisms of cathepsins and other osteoclast related compounds provides new targets to explore in osteoclast biology. Through our anti-osteoclastogenic compound screening experiments we encountered a modified version of the Cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074: the cell membrane-permeable CA-074Me (L-3-trans-(Propylcarbamoyl) oxirane-2-carbonyl]-L-isoleucyl-L-proline Methyl Ester). Here we confirm that CA-074Me inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. However, Cathepsin B knockout mice exhibited unaltered osteoclastogenesis, suggesting a more complicated mechanism of action than Cathepsin B inhibition. We found that CA-074Me exerts its osteoclastogenic effect within 24 h of osteoclastogenesis stimulation by suppression of c-FOS and NFATc1 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neel Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Saqib Nizami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Lee Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Maya Mikami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York.,Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Anny Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Thomas Hickernell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | | | - Shim Rho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Jocelyn T Compton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Jon-Michael Caldwell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Philip B Kaiser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Hanying Bai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Heon Goo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Charla R Fischer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| | - Francis Y Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street BB14-1412, NY, 10032, New York
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McMichael BK, Scherer KF, Franklin NC, Lee BS. The RhoGAP activity of myosin IXB is critical for osteoclast podosome patterning, motility, and resorptive capacity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87402. [PMID: 24466350 PMCID: PMC3900720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage that generate specialized substrate adhesion complexes to facilitate their function as bone-degrading cells. The patterning and function of these actin-based complexes, podosomes and sealing zones, are regulated by the small GTPase Rho. Myosin IXB (Myo9b) is a unique actin-based motor protein that contains a RhoGAP domain, which, like other RhoGAPs, is inhibitory to Rho signaling. In this study, Myo9b is shown to be expressed in osteoclasts and act as a critical regulator of podosome patterning and osteoclast function. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of Myo9b results in increased activity of Rho but not Rac in osteoclasts. Knockdown in osteoclasts on glass results in altered podosome patterning and decreased motility, and this effect is reversed by addition of a Rho inhibitor. SiRNA-mediated suppression of Myo9b expression in osteoclasts on bone results in a dramatic loss of resorptive capacity even though sealing zones appear normal. This loss of resorption is also reversible with addition of a Rho inhibitor. Cells with diminished Myo9b levels display mislocalization and suppressed activation of Src, a tyrosine kinase with critical effects on osteoclast actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and function. In addition, siRNA-treated cells display poorly formed microtubule networks and a lack of tubulin acetylation, a marker of microtubule stability. However, short-term addition of TNFα to cells with suppressed Myo9b levels overcomes or circumvents these defects and causes increased sealing zone size and resorptive capacity. These results indicate that the RhoGAP activity of Myo9b plays a key role in regulating the actin-based structures necessary for osteoclast motility and resorption, and confirms that Myo9b can act as a motorized signaling molecule that links Rho signaling to the dynamic actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke K. McMichael
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Katharine F. Scherer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicole C. Franklin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Beth S. Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aguilar PS, Baylies MK, Fleissner A, Helming L, Inoue N, Podbilewicz B, Wang H, Wong M. Genetic basis of cell-cell fusion mechanisms. Trends Genet 2013; 29:427-37. [PMID: 23453622 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion in sexually reproducing organisms is a mechanism to merge gamete genomes and, in multicellular organisms, it is a strategy to sculpt organs, such as muscle, bone, and placenta. Moreover, this mechanism has been implicated in pathological conditions, such as infection and cancer. Studies of genetic model organisms have uncovered a unifying principle: cell fusion is a genetically programmed process. This process can be divided in three stages: competence (cell induction and differentiation); commitment (cell determination, migration, and adhesion); and cell fusion (membrane merging and cytoplasmic mixing). Recent work has led to the discovery of fusogens, which are cell fusion proteins that are necessary and sufficient to fuse cell membranes. Two unrelated families of fusogens have been discovered, one in mouse placenta and one in Caenorhabditis elegans (syncytins and F proteins, respectively). Current research aims to identify new fusogens and determine the mechanisms by which they merge membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo S Aguilar
- Cellular Membranes Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zou W, DeSelm CJ, Broekelmann TJ, Mecham RP, Pol SV, Choi K, Teitelbaum SL. Paxillin contracts the osteoclast cytoskeleton. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:2490-500. [PMID: 22807029 PMCID: PMC3494816 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclastic bone resorption depends upon the cell's ability to organize its cytoskeleton via the αvβ3 integrin and osteoclastogenic cytokines. Because paxillin associates with αvβ3, we asked if it participates in skeletal degradation. Unlike deletion of other αvβ3-associated cytoskeleton-regulating molecules, which impairs the cell's ability to spread, paxillin-deficient (Pax(-/-) ) osteoclasts, generated from embryonic stem cells, "superspread" in response to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and form large, albeit dynamically atypical, actin bands. Despite their increased size, Pax(-/-) osteoclasts resorb bone poorly, excavating pits approximately one-third normal depth. Ligand-occupied αvβ3 or RANKL promotes paxillin serine and tyrosine phosphorylation, the latter via cellular sarcoma (c-Src). The abnormal Pax(-/-) phenotype is rescued by wild-type (WT) paxillin but not that lacking its LD4 domain. In keeping with the appearance of mutant osteoclasts, WT paxillin, overexpressed in WT cells, contracts the cytoskeleton. Most importantly, the abnormal phenotype of Pax(-/-) osteoclasts likely represents failed RANKL-mediated delivery of myosin IIA to the actin cytoskeleton via the paxillin LD4 domain but is independent of tyrosine phosphorylation. Thus, in response to RANKL, paxillin associates with myosin IIA to contract the osteoclast cytoskeleton, thereby promoting its bone-degrading capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Carl J. DeSelm
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Thomas J. Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Scott Vande Pol
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Steven L. Teitelbaum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Masuyama R, Mizuno A, Komori H, Kajiya H, Uekawa A, Kitaura H, Okabe K, Ohyama K, Komori T. Calcium/calmodulin-signaling supports TRPV4 activation in osteoclasts and regulates bone mass. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1708-21. [PMID: 22492541 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation is critically dependent on calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), mediates Ca(2+) influx in the late stage of osteoclast differentiation and thereby regulates Ca(2+) signaling. However, the system-modifying effect of TRPV4 activity remains to be determined. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying TRPV4 activation based on osteoclast differentiation, TRPV4 gain-of-function mutants were generated by the amino acid substitutions R616Q and V620I in TRPV4 and were introduced into osteoclast lineage in Trpv4 null mice to generate Trpv4(R616Q/V620I) transgenic mice. As expected, TRPV4 activation in osteoclasts increased the number of osteoclasts and their resorption activity, thereby resulting in bone loss. During in vitro analysis, Trpv4(R616Q/V620I) osteoclasts showed activated Ca(2+)/calmodulin signaling compared with osteoclasts lacking Trpv4. In addition, studies of Trpv4(R616Q/V620I) mice that lacked the calmodulin-binding domain indicated that bone loss due to TRPV4 activation was abrogated by loss of interactions between Ca(2+)/calmodulin signaling and TRPV4. Finally, modulators of TRPV4 interactions with the calmodulin-binding domain were investigated by proteomic analysis. Interestingly, nonmuscle myosin IIa was identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) analysis, which was confirmed by immunoblotting following coimmunoprecipitation with TRPV4. Furthermore, myosin IIa gene silencing significantly reduced TRPV4 activation concomitant with impaired osteoclast maturation. These results indicate that TRPV4 activation reciprocally regulates Ca(2+)/calmodulin signaling, which involves an association of TRPV4 with myosin IIa, and promotes sufficient osteoclast function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Masuyama
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang J, Lazarenko OP, Blackburn ML, Shankar K, Badger TM, Ronis MJJ, Chen JR. Feeding blueberry diets in early life prevent senescence of osteoblasts and bone loss in ovariectomized adult female rats. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24486. [PMID: 21912699 PMCID: PMC3166322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate nutrition during early development is essential for maximal bone mass accretion; however, linkage between early nutrition, childhood bone mass, peak bone mass in adulthood, and prevention of bone loss later in life has not been studied. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this report, we show that feeding a high quality diet supplemented with blueberries (BB) to pre-pubertal rats throughout development or only between postnatal day 20 (PND20) and PND34 prevented ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in adult life. This protective effect of BB is due to suppression of osteoblastic cell senescence associated with acute loss of myosin expression after OVX. Early exposure of pre-osteoblasts to serum from BB-fed rats was found to consistently increase myosin expression. This led to maintenance osteoblastic cell development and differentiation and delay of cellular entrance into senescence through regulation of the Runx2 gene. High bone turnover after OVX results in insufficient collagenous matrix support for new osteoblasts and their precursors to express myosin and other cytoskeletal elements required for osteoblast activity and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate: 1) a significant prevention of OVX-induced bone loss from adult rats can occur with only 14 days consumption of a BB-containing diet immediately prior to puberty; and 2) the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects involves increased myosin production which stimulates osteoblast differentiation and reduces mesenchymal stromal cell senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Oxana P. Lazarenko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Blackburn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Badger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Martin J. J. Ronis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Maile LA, DeMambro VE, Wai C, Aday AW, Capps BE, Beamer WG, Rosen CJ, Clemmons DR. An essential role for the association of CD47 to SHPS-1 in skeletal remodeling. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:2068-81. [PMID: 21638321 PMCID: PMC3383326 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-associated protein (IAP/CD47) has been implicated in macrophage-macrophage fusion. To understand the actions of CD47 on skeletal remodeling, we compared Cd47(-/-) mice with Cd47(+/+) controls. Cd47(-/-) mice weighed less and had decreased areal bone mineral density compared with controls. Cd47(-/-) femurs were shorter in length with thinner cortices and exhibited lower trabecular bone volume owing to decreased trabecular number and thickness. Histomorphometry revealed reduced bone-formation and mineral apposition rates, accompanied by decreased osteoblast numbers. No differences in osteoclast number were observed despite a nonsignificant but 40% decrease in eroded surface/bone surface in Cd47(-/-) mice. In vitro, the number of functional osteoclasts formed by differentiating Cd47(-/-) bone marrow cells was significantly decreased compared with wild-type cultures and was associated with a decrease in bone-resorption capacity. Furthermore, by disrupting the CD47-SHPS-1 association, we found that osteoclastogenesis was markedly impaired. Assays for markers of osteoclast maturation suggested that the defect was at the point of fusion and not differentiation and was associated with a lack of SHPS-1 phosphorylation, SHP-1 phosphatase recruitment, and subsequent dephosphorylation of non-muscle cell myosin IIA. We also demonstrated a significant decrease in osteoblastogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells derived from Cd47(-/-) mice. Our finding of cell-autonomous defects in Cd47(-/-) osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation coupled with the pronounced skeletal phenotype of Cd47(-/-) mice support the conclusion that CD47 plays an important role in regulating skeletal acquisition and maintenance through its actions on both bone formation and bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Maile
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Endocrinology
| | | | - Christine Wai
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Endocrinology
| | - Ariel W Aday
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Endocrinology
| | - Byron E Capps
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Endocrinology
| | | | | | - David R Clemmons
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Endocrinology
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hong D, Chen HX, Yu HQ, Wang C, Deng HT, Lian QQ, Ge RS. Quantitative proteomic analysis of dexamethasone-induced effects on osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells using SILAC. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2175-86. [PMID: 21060993 PMCID: PMC4507272 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY The impairment of osteoblast differentiation is one cause of the glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GCOP). The quantitative proteomic analysis of the dexamethasone (DEX)-induced effects of osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis using stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) demonstrated drastic changes of some key proteins in MC3T3-E1 cells. INTRODUCTION The impairment of osteoblast differentiation is one of the main explanations of GCOP. SILAC enables accurate quantitative proteomic analysis of protein changes in cells to explore the underlying mechanism of GCOP. METHODS Osteoprogenitor MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with or without 10(−6) M DEX for 7 days, and the differentiation ability, proliferation, and apoptosis of the cells were measured. The protein level changes were analyzed using SILAC and liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS In this study, 10(−6) M DEX inhibited both osteoblast differentiation and proliferation but induced apoptosis in osteoprogenitor MC3T3-E1 cells on day 7. We found that 10(−6) M DEX increased the levels of tubulins (TUBA1A, TUBB2B, and TUBB5), IQGAP1, S100 proteins (S100A11, S100A6, S100A4, and S100A10), myosin proteins (MYH9 and MYH11), and apoptosis and stress proteins, while inhibited the protein levels of ATP synthases (ATP5O, ATP5H, ATP5A1, and ATP5F1), G3BP-1, and Ras-related proteins (Rab-1A, Rab-2A, and Rab-7) in MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Several members of the ATP synthases, myosin proteins, small GTPase superfamily, and S100 proteins may participate in functional inhibition of osteoblast progenitor cells by GCs. Such protein expression changes may be of pathological significance in coping with GCOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Hong
- Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai 317000, China
| | - H.-X. Chen
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai 317000, China
| | - H.-Q. Yu
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - C. Wang
- Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - H.-T. Deng
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Q.-Q. Lian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - R.-S. Ge
- Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Endo-Munoz L, Cumming A, Sommerville S, Dickinson I, Saunders NA. Osteosarcoma is characterised by reduced expression of markers of osteoclastogenesis and antigen presentation compared with normal bone. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:73-81. [PMID: 20551950 PMCID: PMC2905286 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumour in children and adolescents. Patients who respond poorly to chemotherapy have a higher risk of metastatic disease and 5-year survival rates of only 10–20%. Therefore, identifying molecular targets that are specific for OS, or more specifically, metastatic OS, will be critical to the development of new treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. Methods: We performed a transcriptomic analysis of chemo-naive OS biopsies and non-malignant bone biopsies to identify differentially expressed genes specific to OS, which could provide insight into OS biology and chemoresistance. Results: Statistical analysis of the OS transcriptomes found differential expression of several metallothionein family members, as well as deregulation of genes involved in antigen presentation. Tumours also exhibited significantly increased expression of ID1 and profound down-regulation of S100A8, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for OS. Finally, we found a significant correlation between OS and impaired osteoclastogenesis and antigen-presenting activity. The reduced osteoclastogenesis and antigen-presenting activity were more profound in the chemoresistant OS samples. Conclusion: Our results indicate that OS displays gene signatures consistent with decreased antigen-presenting activity, enhanced chemoresistance, and impaired osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, these alterations are more pronounced in chemoresistant OS tumour samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Endo-Munoz
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, Level 4, R Wing, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
McMichael BK, Meyer SM, Lee BS. c-Src-mediated phosphorylation of thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) promotes osteoclast sealing zone formation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26641-51. [PMID: 20547766 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.119909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts resorb bone through the formation of a unique attachment structure called the sealing zone. In this study, a role for thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) in sealing zone formation and osteoclast activity was examined. TRIP6 was shown to reside in the sealing zone through its association with tropomyosin 4, an actin-binding protein that regulates sealing dimensions and bone resorptive capacity. Suppression of TRIP6 in mature osteoclasts by RNA interference altered sealing zone dimensions and inhibited bone resorption, whereas overexpression of TRIP6 increased the sealing zone perimeter and enhanced bone resorption. Treatment of osteoclasts with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which phosphorylates TRIP6 at tyrosine 55 through a c-Src-dependent mechanism, caused increased association of TRIP6 with the sealing zone, as did overexpression of a TRIP6 cDNA bearing a phosphomimetic mutation at tyrosine 55. Further, LPA treatment caused increases in osteoclast fusion, sealing zone perimeter, and bone resorptive capacity. In contrast, overexpression of TRIP6 containing a nonphosphorylatable amino acid residue at position 55 severely diminished sealing zone formation and bone resorption and suppressed the effects of LPA on the cytoskeleton. LPA effects were mediated through its receptor isoform LPA(2), as indicated by treatments with receptor-specific agonists and antagonists. Thus, these studies suggest that TRIP6 is a critical downstream regulator of c-Src signaling and that its phosphorylation is permissive for its presence in the sealing zone where it plays a positive role in osteoclast bone resorptive capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke K McMichael
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chantler PD, Wylie SR, Wheeler-Jones CP, McGonnell IM. Conventional myosins - unconventional functions. Biophys Rev 2010; 2:67-82. [PMID: 28510009 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-010-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While the discovery of unconventional myosins raised expectations that their actions were responsible for most aspects of actin-based cell motility, few anticipated the wide range of cellular functions that would remain the purview of conventional two-headed myosins. The three nonsarcomeric, cellular myosins-M2A, M2B and M2C-participate in diverse roles including, but not limited to: neuronal dynamics, axon guidance and synaptic transmission; endothelial cell migration; cell adhesion, polarity, fusion and cytokinesis; vesicle trafficking and viral egress. These three conventional myosins each take on specific, differing functional roles during development and maturity, characteristic of each cell lineage; exact roles depend on the developmental stage of the cell, cellular location, upstream regulatory controls, relative isoform expression, orientation and associated state of the actin cytoscaffolds in which these myosins operate. Here, we discuss the separate yet related roles that characterise the actions of M2A, M2B and M2C in various cell types and show that these conventional myosins are responsible for functions as unconventional as any performed by unconventional myosins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Chantler
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Steven R Wylie
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Caroline P Wheeler-Jones
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Imelda M McGonnell
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
McMichael BK, Cheney RE, Lee BS. Myosin X regulates sealing zone patterning in osteoclasts through linkage of podosomes and microtubules. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:9506-9515. [PMID: 20081229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.017269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts use actin-rich attachment structures in place of focal adhesions for adherence to bone and non-bone substrates. On glass, osteoclasts generate podosomes, foot-like processes containing a core of F-actin and regulatory proteins that undergo high turnover. To facilitate bone resorption, osteoclasts generate an actin-rich sealing zone composed of densely packed podosome-like units. Patterning of both podosomes and sealing zones is dependent upon an intact microtubule system. A role for unconventional myosin X (Myo10), which can bind actin, microtubules, and integrins, was examined in osteoclasts. Immunolocalization showed Myo10 to be associated with the outer edges of immature podosome rings and sealing zones, suggesting a possible role in podosome and sealing zone positioning. Further, complexes containing both Myo10 and beta-tubulin were readily precipitated from osteoclasts lysates. RNAi-mediated suppression of Myo10 led to decreased cell and sealing zone perimeter, along with decreased motility and resorptive capacity. Further, siRNA-treated cells could not properly position podosomes following microtubule disruption. Osteoclasts overexpressing dominant negative Myo10 microtubule binding domains (MyTH4) showed a similar phenotype. Conversely, overexpression of full-length Myo10 led to increased formation of podosome belts along with larger sealing zones and enhanced bone resorptive capacity. These studies suggest that Myo10 plays a role in osteoclast attachment and podosome positioning by direct linkage of actin to the microtubule network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke K McMichael
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Richard E Cheney
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Beth S Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
| |
Collapse
|