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Damoo D, Kretschmer M, Lee CWJ, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Heimel K, Kronstad JW. Herbicides as fungicides: Targeting heme biosynthesis in the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e70007. [PMID: 39487654 PMCID: PMC11530707 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.70007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens must efficiently acquire nutrients from host tissue to proliferate, and strategies to block pathogen access therefore hold promise for disease control. In this study, we investigated whether heme biosynthesis is an effective target for ablating the virulence of the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis on maize plants. We first constructed conditional heme auxotrophs of the fungus by placing the heme biosynthesis gene hem12 encoding uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (Urod) under the control of nitrogen or carbon source-regulated promoters. These strains were heme auxotrophs under non-permissive conditions and unable to cause disease in maize seedlings, thus demonstrating the inability of the fungus to acquire sufficient heme from host tissue to support proliferation. Subsequent experiments characterized the role of endocytosis in heme uptake, the susceptibility of the fungus to heme toxicity as well as the transcriptional response to exogenous heme. The latter RNA-seq experiments identified a candidate ABC transporter with a role in the response to heme and xenobiotics. Given the importance of heme biosynthesis for U. maydis pathogenesis, we tested the ability of the well-characterized herbicide BroadStar to influence disease. This herbicide contains the active ingredient flumioxazin, an inhibitor of Hem14 in the heme biosynthesis pathway, and we found that it was an effective antifungal agent for blocking disease in maize. Thus, repurposing herbicides for which resistant plants are available may be an effective strategy to control pathogens and achieve crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djihane Damoo
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Matthias Kretschmer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Christopher W. J. Lee
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht‐von‐Haller Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht‐von‐Haller Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Kai Heimel
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Microbial Cell Biology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - James W. Kronstad
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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2
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Dissanayake A, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. An octahedral coordination cage with six Fe(III) centers as a T1 MRI probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:12249-12252. [PMID: 39364604 PMCID: PMC11450543 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03681f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of multiple Fe(III) centers bridged by rigid ligands into a coordination cage represents a powerful approach for designing effective MRI contrast agents. In this context, an octahedral coordination cage with six high-spin Fe(III) centers is shown to be water soluble, robust towards dissociation and has effective relaxivity as a T1 MRI probe in solution and in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Dissanayake
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
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3
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Ma M, Fei X, Jiang D, Chen H, Xie X, Wang Z, Huang Q. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Histone Deacetylases in Ferroptosis of Glioma. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1432131. [PMID: 39193375 PMCID: PMC11348391 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1432131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. While traditional treatment modalities such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have made significant advancements in glioma treatment, the prognosis for glioma patients remains often unsatisfactory. Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, plays a crucial role in glioma and is considered to be the most functionally rich programmed cell death process. Histone deacetylases have emerged as a key focus in regulating ferroptosis in glioma. By inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylases, histone deacetylase inhibitors elevate acetylation levels of both histones and non-histone proteins, thereby influencing various cellular processes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that histone deacetylases are implicated in the development of glioma and hold promise for its treatment. This article provides an overview of research progress on the mechanism by which histone deacetylases contribute to ferroptosis in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xifeng Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongyi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanchun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangtong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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4
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Qiu R, Cai Y, Su Y, Fan K, Sun Z, Zhang Y. Emerging insights into Lipocalin-2: Unraveling its role in Parkinson's Disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116947. [PMID: 38901198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, marked by a complex pathogenesis. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) emerges as a crucial factor during the progression of PD. Belonging to the lipocalin family, LCN2 is integral to several biological functions, including glial cell activation, iron homeostasis regulation, immune response, inflammatory reactions, and oxidative stress mitigation. Substantial research has highlighted marked increases in LCN2 expression within the substantia nigra (SN), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood of individuals with PD. This review focuses on the pathological roles of LCN2 in neuroinflammation, aging, neuronal damage, and iron dysregulation in PD. It aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of LCN2 in the disease and potential therapeutic targets that could inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqing Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yana Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangli Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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5
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Meng T, He D, Han Z, Shi R, Wang Y, Ren B, Zhang C, Mao Z, Luo G, Deng J. Nanomaterial-Based Repurposing of Macrophage Metabolism and Its Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:246. [PMID: 39007981 PMCID: PMC11250772 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage immunotherapy represents an emerging therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the immune response to alleviate disease symptoms. Nanomaterials (NMs) have been engineered to monitor macrophage metabolism, enabling the evaluation of disease progression and the replication of intricate physiological signal patterns. They achieve this either directly or by delivering regulatory signals, thereby mapping phenotype to effector functions through metabolic repurposing to customize macrophage fate for therapy. However, a comprehensive summary regarding NM-mediated macrophage visualization and coordinated metabolic rewiring to maintain phenotypic equilibrium is currently lacking. This review aims to address this gap by outlining recent advancements in NM-based metabolic immunotherapy. We initially explore the relationship between metabolism, polarization, and disease, before delving into recent NM innovations that visualize macrophage activity to elucidate disease onset and fine-tune its fate through metabolic remodeling for macrophage-centered immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of NM-mediated metabolic immunotherapy, aiming to accelerate clinical translation. We anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to leverage novel metabolic intervention-matched immunomodulators in macrophages or other fields of immune engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Meng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuolei Han
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Shi
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bibo Ren
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Dong H, Ma YP, Cui MM, Qiu ZH, He MT, Zhang BG. Recent advances in potential therapeutic targets of ferroptosis‑associated pathways for the treatment of stroke (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:128. [PMID: 38785160 PMCID: PMC11134507 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a severe neurological disease that is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, and the underlying pathological processes are complex. Ferroptosis fulfills a significant role in the progression and treatment of stroke. It is well established that ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that is distinct from other forms or types of cell death. The process of ferroptosis involves multiple signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms that interact with mechanisms inherent to stroke development. Inducers and inhibitors of ferroptosis have been shown to exert a role in the onset of this cell death process. Furthermore, it has been shown that interfering with ferroptosis affects the occurrence of stroke, indicating that targeting ferroptosis may offer a promising therapeutic approach for treating patients of stroke. Hence, the present review aimed to summarize the latest progress that has been made in terms of using therapeutic interventions for ferroptosis as treatment targets in cases of stroke. It provides an overview of the relevant pathways and molecular mechanisms that have been investigated in recent years, highlighting the roles of inducers and inhibitors of ferroptosis in stroke. Additionally, the intervention potential of various types of Traditional Chinese Medicine is also summarized. In conclusion, the present review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential therapeutic targets afforded by ferroptosis‑associated pathways in stroke, offering new insights into how ferroptosis may be exploited in the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Mei Cui
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Hao Qiu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
| | - Mao-Tao He
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Gang Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261042, P.R. China
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7
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Fang XZ, Xu XL, Ye ZQ, Liu D, Zhao KL, Li DM, Liu XX, Jin CW. Excessive iron deposition in root apoplast is involved in growth arrest of roots in response to low pH. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3188-3200. [PMID: 38401150 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The rhizotoxicity of protons (H+) in acidic soils is a fundamental constraint that results in serious yield losses. However, the mechanisms underlying H+-mediated inhibition of root growth are poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that H+-induced root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis depends considerably on excessive iron deposition in the root apoplast. Reducing such aberrant iron deposition by decreasing the iron supply or disrupting the ferroxidases LOW PHOSPHATE ROOT 1 (LPR) and LPR2 attenuates the inhibitory effect of H+ on primary root growth efficiently. Further analysis showed that excessive iron deposition triggers a burst of highly reactive oxygen species, consequently impairing normal root development. Our study uncovered a valuable strategy for improving the ability of plants to tolerate H+ toxicity by manipulating iron availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Lan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Qian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xing Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Weber JJ, Geisbrecht BV, Kanost MR, Gorman MJ. A conserved asparagine residue stabilizes iron binding in Manduca sexta transferrin-1. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 168:104109. [PMID: 38494145 PMCID: PMC11018507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Transferrin 1 (Tsf1) is an insect-specific iron-binding protein that is abundant in hemolymph and other extracellular fluids. It binds iron tightly at neutral pH and releases iron under acidic conditions. Tsf1 influences the distribution of iron in the body and protects against infection. Elucidating the mechanisms by which Tsf1 achieves these functions will require an understanding of how Tsf1 binds and releases iron. Previously, crystallized Tsf1 from Manduca sexta was shown to have a novel type of iron coordination that involves four iron-binding ligands: two tyrosine residues (Tyr90 and Tyr204), a buried carbonate anion, and a solvent-exposed carbonate anion. The solvent-exposed carbonate anion was bound by a single amino acid residue, a highly conserved asparagine at position 121 (Asn121); thus, we predicted that Asn121 would be essential for high-affinity iron binding. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the iron-binding and -release properties of five forms of recombinant Tsf1: wild-type, a Y90F/Y204F double mutant (negative control), and three Asn121 mutants (N121A, N121D and N121S). Each of the Asn121 mutants exhibited altered spectral properties, confirming that Asn121 contributes to iron coordination. The N121D and N121S mutations resulted in slightly lower affinity for iron, especially at acidic pH, while iron binding and release by the N121A mutant was indistinguishable from that of the wild-type protein. The surprisingly minor consequences of mutating Asn121, despite its high degree of conservation in diverse insect species, suggest that Asn121 may play a role that is essential in vivo but non-essential for high affinity iron binding in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Brian V Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Michael R Kanost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Maureen J Gorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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9
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Clúa J, Montpetit J, Jimenez-Sandoval P, Naumann C, Santiago J, Poirier Y. A CYBDOM protein impacts iron homeostasis and primary root growth under phosphate deficiency in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:423. [PMID: 38212368 PMCID: PMC10784552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis primary root growth response to phosphate (Pi) deficiency is mainly controlled by changes in apoplastic iron (Fe). Upon Pi deficiency, apoplastic Fe deposition in the root apical meristem activates pathways leading to the arrest of meristem maintenance and inhibition of cell elongation. Here, we report that a member of the uncharacterized cytochrome b561 and DOMON domain (CYBDOM) protein family, named CRR, promotes iron reduction in an ascorbate-dependent manner and controls apoplastic iron deposition. Under low Pi, the crr mutant shows an enhanced reduction of primary root growth associated with increased apoplastic Fe in the root meristem and a reduction in meristematic cell division. Conversely, CRR overexpression abolishes apoplastic Fe deposition rendering primary root growth insensitive to low Pi. The crr single mutant and crr hyp1 double mutant, harboring a null allele in another member of the CYDOM family, shows increased tolerance to high-Fe stress upon germination and seedling growth. Conversely, CRR overexpression is associated with increased uptake and translocation of Fe to the shoot and results in plants highly sensitive to Fe excess. Our results identify a ferric reductase implicated in Fe homeostasis and developmental responses to abiotic stress, and reveal a biological role for CYBDOM proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Clúa
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Montpetit
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Jimenez-Sandoval
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Julia Santiago
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Poirier
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Pandey SS. The Role of Iron in Phytopathogenic Microbe-Plant Interactions: Insights into Virulence and Host Immune Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3173. [PMID: 37687419 PMCID: PMC10563075 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element required for the growth and survival of nearly all forms of life. It serves as a catalytic component in multiple enzymatic reactions, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and DNA replication. However, the excessive accumulation of iron can result in cellular toxicity due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the Fenton reaction. Therefore, to maintain iron homeostasis, organisms have developed a complex regulatory network at the molecular level. Besides catalyzing cellular redox reactions, iron also regulates virulence-associated functions in several microbial pathogens. Hosts and pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to compete against each other over iron resources. Although the role of iron in microbial pathogenesis in animals has been extensively studied, mechanistic insights into phytopathogenic microbe-plant associations remain poorly understood. Recent intensive research has provided intriguing insights into the role of iron in several plant-pathogen interactions. This review aims to describe the recent advances in understanding the role of iron in the lifestyle and virulence of phytopathogenic microbes, focusing on bacteria and host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo Shankar Pandey
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, India; ; Tel.: +91-361-2270095 (ext. 216)
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
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11
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Chen C, Zhang Y, Cai J, Qiu Y, Li L, Gao C, Gao Y, Ke M, Wu S, Wei C, Chen J, Xu T, Friml J, Wang J, Li R, Chao D, Zhang B, Chen X, Gao Z. Multi-copper oxidases SKU5 and SKS1 coordinate cell wall formation using apoplastic redox-based reactions in roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad207. [PMID: 37010107 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The primary cell wall is a fundamental plant constituent that is flexible but sufficiently rigid to support the plant cell shape. Although many studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as important signaling messengers to modify the cell wall structure and affect cellular growth, the regulatory mechanism underlying the spatial-temporal regulation of ROS activity for cell wall maintenance remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate a role of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) multi-copper oxidase-like protein skewed 5 (SKU5) and its homolog SKU5-similar 1 (SKS1) in root cell wall formation through modulating ROS homeostasis. Loss of SKU5 and SKS1 function resulted in aberrant division planes, protruding cell walls, ectopic deposition of iron, and NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS overproduction in the root epidermis-cortex and cortex-endodermis junctions. A decrease of ROS level or inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity rescued the cell wall defects of sku5 sks1 double mutants. SKU5 and SKS1 proteins were activated by iron treatment, and iron over-accumulated in the walls between root epidermis and cortex cell layers of sku5 sks1. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored motif was crucial for membrane association and functionality of SKU5 and SKS1. Overall, our results identified SKU5 and SKS1 as regulators of ROS at the cell surface for regulation of cell wall structure and root cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Chen
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianfa Cai
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuting Qiu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihong Li
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengxu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiqun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meiyu Ke
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shengwei Wu
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chuan Wei
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaomei Chen
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Daiyin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xu Chen
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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12
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Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for all types of organisms; however, iron has chemical properties that can be harmful to cells. Because iron is both necessary and potentially damaging, insects have homeostatic processes that control the redox state, quantity, and location of iron in the body. These processes include uptake of iron from the diet, intracellular and extracellular iron transport, and iron storage. Early studies of iron-binding proteins in insects suggested that insects and mammals have surprisingly different mechanisms of iron homeostasis, including different primary mechanisms for exporting iron from cells and for transporting iron from one cell to another, and subsequent studies have continued to support this view. This review summarizes current knowledge about iron homeostasis in insects, compares insect and mammalian iron homeostasis mechanisms, and calls attention to key remaining knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen J Gorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA;
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13
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Brun A, Smokvarska M, Wei L, Chay S, Curie C, Mari S. MCO1 and MCO3, two putative ascorbate oxidases with ferroxidase activity, new candidates for the regulation of apoplastic iron excess in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e463. [PMID: 36405511 PMCID: PMC9669615 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential metal ion that plays a major role as a cofactor in many biological processes. The balance between the Fe2+ and Fe3+ forms is central for cellular Fe homeostasis because it regulates its transport, utilization, and storage. Contrary to Fe3+ reduction that is crucial for Fe uptake by roots in deficiency conditions, ferroxidation has been much less studied. In this work, we have focused on the molecular characterization of two members of the MultiCopper Oxidase family (MCO1 and MCO3) that share high identity with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferroxidase Fet3. The heterologous expression of MCO1 and MCO3 restored the growth of the yeast fet3fet4 mutant, impaired in high and low affinity Fe uptake and otherwise unable to grow in Fe deficient media, suggesting that MCO1 and MCO3 were functional ferroxidases. The ferroxidase enzymatic activity of MCO3 was further confirmed by the measurement of Fe2+-dependent oxygen consumption, because ferroxidases use oxygen as electron acceptor to generate water molecules. In planta, the expression of MCO1 and MCO3 was induced by increasing Fe concentrations in the medium. Promoter-GUS reporter lines showed that MCO1 and MCO3 were mostly expressed in shoots and histochemical analyses further showed that both promoters were highly active in mesophyll cells. Transient expression of MCO1-RFP and MCO3-RFP in tobacco leaves revealed that both proteins were localized in the apoplast. Moreover, cell plasmolysis experiments showed that MCO1 remained closely associated to the plasma membrane whereas MCO3 filled the entire apoplast compartment. Although the four knock out mutant lines isolated (mco1-1, mco1-2, mco3-1, and mco3-2) did not display any macroscopic phenotype, histochemical staining of Fe with the Perls/DAB procedure revealed that mesophyll cells of all four mutants overaccumulated Fe inside the cells in Fe-rich structures in the chloroplasts, compared with wild-type. These results suggested that the regulation of Fe transport in mesophyll cells had been disturbed in the mutants, in both standard condition and Fe excess. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that MCO1 and MCO3 participate in the control of Fe transport in the mesophyll cells, most likely by displacing the Fe2+/Fe3+ balance toward Fe3+ in the apoplast and therefore limiting the accumulation of Fe2+, which is more mobile and prone to be transported across the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Brun
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Marija Smokvarska
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Lili Wei
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Sandrine Chay
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Catherine Curie
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Stéphane Mari
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
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14
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Naumann C, Heisters M, Brandt W, Janitza P, Alfs C, Tang N, Toto Nienguesso A, Ziegler J, Imre R, Mechtler K, Dagdas Y, Hoehenwarter W, Sawers G, Quint M, Abel S. Bacterial-type ferroxidase tunes iron-dependent phosphate sensing during Arabidopsis root development. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2189-2205.e6. [PMID: 35472311 PMCID: PMC9168544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Access to inorganic phosphate (Pi), a principal intermediate of energy and nucleotide metabolism, profoundly affects cellular activities and plant performance. In most soils, antagonistic Pi-metal interactions restrict Pi bioavailability, which guides local root development to maximize Pi interception. Growing root tips scout the essential but immobile mineral nutrient; however, the mechanisms monitoring external Pi status are unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis LOW PHOSPHATE ROOT 1 (LPR1), one key determinant of Fe-dependent Pi sensing in root meristems, encodes a novel ferroxidase of high substrate specificity and affinity (apparent KM ∼ 2 μM Fe2+). LPR1 typifies an ancient, Fe-oxidizing multicopper protein family that evolved early upon bacterial land colonization. The ancestor of streptophyte algae and embryophytes (land plants) acquired LPR1-type ferroxidase from soil bacteria via horizontal gene transfer, a hypothesis supported by phylogenomics, homology modeling, and biochemistry. Our molecular and kinetic data on LPR1 regulation indicate that Pi-dependent Fe substrate availability determines LPR1 activity and function. Guided by the metabolic lifestyle of extant sister bacterial genera, we propose that Arabidopsis LPR1 monitors subtle concentration differentials of external Fe availability as a Pi-dependent cue to adjust root meristem maintenance via Fe redox signaling and cell wall modification. We further hypothesize that the acquisition of bacterial LPR1-type ferroxidase by embryophyte progenitors facilitated the evolution of local Pi sensing and acquisition during plant terrestrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marcus Heisters
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Philipp Janitza
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carolin Alfs
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nancy Tang
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alicia Toto Nienguesso
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Richard Imre
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Proteome Analytics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gary Sawers
- Institute of Biology/Microbiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marcel Quint
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
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15
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Ni S, Yuan Y, Kuang Y, Li X. Iron Metabolism and Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816282. [PMID: 35401569 PMCID: PMC8983924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a critical element for living cells in terrestrial life. Although iron metabolism is strictly controlled in the body, disturbance of iron homeostasis under certain type of condition leads to innate and adaptive immune response. In innate immunity, iron regulates macrophage polarizations, neutrophils recruitment, and NK cells activity. In adaptive immunity, iron had an effect on the activation and differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 and CTL, and antibody response in B cells. In this review, we focused on iron and immune regulation and listed the specific role of iron in macrophage polarization, T-cell activation, and B-cells antibody response. In addition, correlations between iron and several diseases such as cancer and aging degenerative diseases and some therapeutic strategies targeting those diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Kuang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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16
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Phloem iron remodels root development in response to ammonium as the major nitrogen source. Nat Commun 2022; 13:561. [PMID: 35091578 PMCID: PMC8799741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants use nitrate and ammonium as major nitrogen (N) sources, each affecting root development through different mechanisms. However, the exact signaling pathways involved in root development are poorly understood. Here, we show that, in Arabidopsis thaliana, either disruption of the cell wall-localized ferroxidase LPR2 or a decrease in iron supplementation efficiently alleviates the growth inhibition of primary roots in response to NH4+ as the N source. Further study revealed that, compared with nitrate, ammonium led to excess iron accumulation in the apoplast of phloem in an LPR2-dependent manner. Such an aberrant iron accumulation subsequently causes massive callose deposition in the phloem from a resulting burst of reactive oxygen species, which impairs the function of the phloem. Therefore, ammonium attenuates primary root development by insufficiently allocating sucrose to the growth zone. Our results link phloem iron to root morphology in response to environmental cues.
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17
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Abd HM, Al Samarrai OR. Evaluation of hepcidin, ferritin and iron levels with liver enzymes of β-thalassemia patients in Diyala governorate, Iraq. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMISTRY AND PETROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES (ICCPT) 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0096262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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18
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Abozeid SM, Chowdhury MSI, Asik D, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. Liposomal Fe(III) Macrocyclic Complexes with Hydroxypropyl Pendants as MRI Probes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7951-7960. [PMID: 35006776 PMCID: PMC9124523 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic liposomes containing Fe(III) complexes were prepared by incorporation of mononuclear (Fe(L1) or Fe(L3)) or dinuclear (Fe2(L2)) coordination complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane macrocycles containing 2-hydroxypropyl pendant groups. Two different types of paramagnetic liposomes were prepared. The first type, LipoA, has the mononuclear Fe(L1) complex loaded into the internal aqueous core. The second type, LipoB, has the amphiphilic Fe(L3) complex inserted into the liposomal bilayer and the internal aqueous core loaded with either Fe(L1) (LipoB1) or Fe2(L2) (LipoB2). LipoA enhances both T1 and T2 water proton relaxation rates. Treatment of LipoA with osmotic gradients to produce a nonspherical liposome produces a liposome with a chemical exchange saturation transfer effect as shown by an asymmetry analysis but only at high osmolarity. LipoB1, which contains an amphiphilic complex in the liposomal bilayer, produced a broadened Z-spectrum upon treatment of the liposome with osmotic gradients. The r1 relaxivity of LipoB1 and LipoB2 were higher than the r1 relaxivity of LipoA on a per Fe basis, suggesting an important contribution from the amphiphilic Fe(III) center. The r1 relaxivities of paramagnetic liposomes are relatively constant over a range of magnetic field strengths (1.4-9.4 T), with the ratio of r2/r1 substantially increasing at high field strengths. MRI studies of LipoB1 in mice showed prolonged contrast enhancement in blood compared to the clinically employed Gd(DOTA), which was injected at a 2-fold higher dose per metal than the Fe(III)-loaded liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira M. Abozeid
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Amherst, NY 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Md Saiful I. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Amherst, NY 14260, United States
| | - Didar Asik
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Amherst, NY 14260, United States
| | - Joseph A. Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York 14263 United States
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Amherst, NY 14260, United States
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19
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Yang F, Backov R, Blin JL, Fáklya B, Tron T, Mekmouche Y. Site directed confinement of laccases in a porous scaffold towards robustness and selectivity. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 31:e00645. [PMID: 34189063 PMCID: PMC8219655 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We immobilized a fungal laccase with only two spatially close lysines available for functionalization into macrocellular Si(HIPE) monoliths for the purpose of continuous flow catalysis. Immobilization (30-45 % protein immobilization yields) was obtained using a covalent bond forming reaction between the enzyme and low glutaraldehyde (0.625 % (w/w)) functionalized foams. Testing primarily HBT-mediated RB5 dye decolorization in continuous flow reactors, we show that the activity of the heterogeneous catalyst is comparable to its homogeneous counterpart. More, its operational activity remains as high as 60 % after twelve consecutive decolorization cycles as well as after one-year storage, performances remarkable for such a material. We further immobilized two variants of the laccase containing a unique lysine: one located in the vicinity of the substrate oxidation site (K157) and one at the opposite side of this oxidation site (K71) to study the effect of the proximity of the Si(HIPE) surface on enzyme activity. Comparing activities on different substrates for monoliths with differentially oriented catalysts, we show a twofold discrimination for ABTS relative to ascorbate. This study provides ground for the development of neo-functionalized materials that beyond allowing stability and reusability will become synergic partners in the catalytic process.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid
- APTES, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane
- Asc, ascorbic acid
- BET, Brunauer, Emmett et Teller
- DPBS, Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline, pH 7.0
- Enz., enzyme
- HBT, N-Hydroxy benzotriazole
- HIPE, High Internal Phase Emulsion
- Heterogeneous catalysis
- Laccase
- Orientation
- RB5, Reactive black 5
- RBBR, Remazol Brilliant Blue B
- S.A., specific activity
- Site-directed immobilization
- TEOS, Tetraethyl-orthosilane
- TNC, TriNuclear Cluster
- TTAB, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Rénal Backov
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CRPP, UMR5031, 115 Avenue Albert Schweitzer, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Luc Blin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Bernadett Fáklya
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Tron
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Yasmina Mekmouche
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2, Marseille, France
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20
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Hoang MTT, Almeida D, Chay S, Alcon C, Corratge-Faillie C, Curie C, Mari S. AtDTX25, a member of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family, is a vacuolar ascorbate transporter that controls intracellular iron cycling in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1956-1967. [PMID: 34080200 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element, its transport is regulated by the cell redox balance. In seeds, Fe enters the embryo as Fe2+ and is stored in vacuoles as Fe3+ . Through its ferric reduction activity, ascorbate plays a major role in Fe redox state and therefore Fe transport within the seed. We searched for ascorbate membrane transporters responsible for controlling Fe reduction by screening the yeast ferric reductase-deficient fre1 strain and isolated AtDTX25, a member of the Multidrug And Toxic compound Extrusion (MATE) family. AtDTX25 was shown to mediate ascorbate efflux when expressed in yeast and Xenopus oocytes, in a pH-dependent manner. In planta, AtDTX25 is highly expressed during germination and encodes a vacuolar membrane protein. Isolated vacuoles from AtDTX25-1 knockout mutant contained less ascorbate and more Fe than wild-type (WT), and mutant seedlings were highly sensitive to Fe deficiency. Iron imaging further showed that the remobilisation of Fe from vacuoles was highly impaired in mutant seedlings. Taken together, our results established AtDTX25 as a vacuolar ascorbate transporter, required during germination to promote the reduction of the pool of stored Fe3+ and its remobilisation to feed the developing seedling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Thi Thanh Hoang
- BPMP, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
| | - Diego Almeida
- BPMP, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
| | - Sandrine Chay
- BPMP, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
| | - Carine Alcon
- BPMP, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
| | | | - Catherine Curie
- BPMP, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
| | - Stephane Mari
- BPMP, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
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21
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Kosman DJ. A holistic view of mammalian (vertebrate) cellular iron uptake. Metallomics 2021; 12:1323-1334. [PMID: 32766655 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell iron uptake in mammals is commonly distinguished by whether the iron is presented to the cell as transferrin-bound or not: TBI or NTBI. This generic perspective conflates TBI with canonical transferrin receptor, endosomal iron uptake, and NTBI with uptake supported by a plasma membrane-localized divalent metal ion transporter, most often identified as DMT1. In fact, iron uptake by mammalian cells is far more nuanced than this somewhat proscribed view suggests. This view fails to accommodate the substantial role that ZIP8 and ZIP14 play in iron uptake, while adhering to the traditional premise that a relatively high endosomal [H+] is thermodynamically required for release of iron from holo-Tf. The canonical view of iron uptake also does not encompass the fact that plasma membrane electron transport - PMET - has long been linked to cell iron uptake. In fact, the known mammalian metallo-reductases - Dcytb and the STEAP proteins - are members of this cohort of cytochrome-dependent oxido-reductases that shuttle reducing equivalents across the plasma membrane. A not commonly appreciated fact is the reduction potential of ferric iron in holo-Tf is accessible to cytoplasmic reducing equivalents - reduced pyridine and flavin mono- and di-nucleotides and dihydroascorbic acid. This allows for the reductive release of Fe2+ at the extracellular surface of the PM and subsequent transport into the cytoplasm by a neutral pH transporter - a ZIP protein. What this perspective emphasizes is that there are two TfR-dependent uptake pathways, one which does and one which does not involve clathrin-dependent, endolysosomal trafficking. This raises the question as to the selective advantage of having two Tf, TfR-dependent routes of iron accumulation. This review of canonical and non-canonical iron uptake uses cerebral iron trafficking as a point of discussion, a focus that encourages inclusion also of the importance of ferritin as a circulating 'chaperone' of ferric iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Buffalo, Suite 4102, 995 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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22
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Xia Y, Li Y, Wu X, Zhang Q, Chen S, Ma X, Yu M. Ironing Out the Details: How Iron Orchestrates Macrophage Polarization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669566. [PMID: 34054839 PMCID: PMC8149954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron fine-tunes innate immune responses, including macrophage inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the iron in dictating macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, iron orchestrates macrophage polarization through several aspects, including cellular signaling, cellular metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. Therefore, iron modulates the development and progression of multiple macrophage-associated diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and liver diseases. Collectively, this review highlights the crucial role of iron for macrophage polarization, and indicates the potential application of iron supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in different inflammatory disorders relative to the balance of macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yikun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhuo Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Najera DG, Dittmer NT, Weber JJ, Kanost MR, Gorman MJ. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of insect transferrins suggest that only transferrin 1 has a role in iron homeostasis. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:495-508. [PMID: 32237057 PMCID: PMC7668117 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron is essential to life, but surprisingly little is known about how iron is managed in nonvertebrate animals. In mammals, the well-characterized transferrins bind iron and are involved in iron transport or immunity, whereas other members of the transferrin family do not have a role in iron homeostasis. In insects, the functions of transferrins are still poorly understood. The goals of this project were to identify the transferrin genes in a diverse set of insect species, resolve the evolutionary relationships among these genes, and predict which of the transferrins are likely to have a role in iron homeostasis. Our phylogenetic analysis of transferrins from 16 orders of insects and two orders of noninsect hexapods demonstrated that there are four orthologous groups of insect transferrins. Our analysis suggests that transferrin 2 arose prior to the origin of insects, and transferrins 1, 3, and 4 arose early in insect evolution. Primary sequence analysis of each of the insect transferrins was used to predict signal peptides, carboxyl-terminal transmembrane regions, GPI-anchors, and iron binding. Based on this analysis, we suggest that transferrins 2, 3, and 4 are unlikely to play a major role in iron homeostasis. In contrast, the transferrin 1 orthologs are predicted to be secreted, soluble, iron-binding proteins. We conclude that transferrin 1 orthologs are the most likely to play an important role in iron homeostasis. Interestingly, it appears that the louse, aphid, and thrips lineages have lost the transferrin 1 gene and, thus, have evolved to manage iron without transferrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana G Najera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Neal T Dittmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Jacob J Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Michael R Kanost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Maureen J Gorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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24
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Conservation and Loss of a Putative Iron Utilization Gene Cluster among Genotypes of Aspergillus flavus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010137. [PMID: 33435439 PMCID: PMC7827000 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential component for growth and development. Despite relative abundance in the environment, bioavailability of iron is limited due to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen into insoluble ferric iron. Filamentous fungi have developed diverse pathways to uptake and use iron. In the current study, a putative iron utilization gene cluster (IUC) in Aspergillus flavus was identified and characterized. Gene analyses indicate A. flavus may use reductive as well as siderophore-mediated iron uptake and utilization pathways. The ferroxidation and iron permeation process, in which iron transport depends on the coupling of these two activities, mediates the reductive pathway. The IUC identified in this work includes six genes and is located in a highly polymorphic region of the genome. Diversity among A. flavus genotypes is manifested in the structure of the IUC, which ranged from complete deletion to a region disabled by multiple indels. Molecular profiling of A. flavus populations suggests lineage-specific loss of IUC. The observed variation among A. flavus genotypes in iron utilization and the lineage-specific loss of the iron utilization genes in several A. flavus clonal lineages provide insight on evolution of iron acquisition and utilization within Aspergillus section Flavi. The potential divergence in capacity to acquire iron should be taken into account when selecting A. flavus active ingredients for biocontrol in niches where climate change may alter iron availability.
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25
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Weber JJ, Kanost MR, Gorman MJ. Iron binding and release properties of transferrin-1 from Drosophila melanogaster and Manduca sexta: Implications for insect iron homeostasis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 125:103438. [PMID: 32735914 PMCID: PMC7501197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transferrins belong to an ancient family of extracellular proteins. The best-characterized transferrins are mammalian proteins that function in iron sequestration or iron transport; they accomplish these functions by having a high-affinity iron-binding site in each of their two homologous lobes. Insect hemolymph transferrins (Tsf1s) also function in iron sequestration and transport; however, sequence-based predictions of their iron-binding residues have suggested that most Tsf1s have a single, lower-affinity iron-binding site. To reconcile the apparent contradiction between the known physiological functions and predicted biochemical properties of Tsf1s, we purified and characterized the iron-binding properties of Drosophila melanogaster Tsf1 (DmTsf1), Manduca sexta Tsf1 (MsTsf1), and the amino-lobe of DmTsf1 (DmTsf1N). Using UV-Vis spectroscopy, we found that these proteins bind iron, but they exhibit shifts in their spectra compared to mammalian transferrins. Through equilibrium dialysis experiments, we determined that DmTsf1 and MsTsf1 bind only one ferric ion; their affinity for iron is high (log K' = 18), but less than that of the well-characterized mammalian transferrins (log K' ~ 20); and they release iron under moderately acidic conditions (pH50 = 5.5). Iron release analysis of DmTsf1N suggested that iron binding in the amino-lobe is stabilized by the carboxyl-lobe. These findings will be critical for elucidating the mechanisms of Tsf1 function in iron sequestration and transport in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Michael R Kanost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Maureen J Gorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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26
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Chaib M, Chauhan SC, Makowski L. Friend or Foe? Recent Strategies to Target Myeloid Cells in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:351. [PMID: 32509781 PMCID: PMC7249856 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex network of epithelial and stromal cells, wherein stromal components provide support to tumor cells during all stages of tumorigenesis. Among these stromal cell populations are myeloid cells, which are comprised mainly of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), dendritic cells (DC), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN). Myeloid cells play a major role in tumor growth through nurturing cancer stem cells by providing growth factors and metabolites, increasing angiogenesis, as well as promoting immune evasion through the creation of an immune-suppressive microenvironment. Immunosuppression in the TME is achieved by preventing critical anti-tumor immune responses by natural killer and T cells within the primary tumor and in metastatic niches. Therapeutic success in targeting myeloid cells in malignancies may prove to be an effective strategy to overcome chemotherapy and immunotherapy limitations. Current therapeutic approaches to target myeloid cells in various cancers include inhibition of their recruitment, alteration of function, or functional re-education to an antitumor phenotype to overcome immunosuppression. In this review, we describe strategies to target TAMs and MDSCs, consisting of single agent therapies, nanoparticle-targeted approaches and combination therapies including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. We also summarize recent molecular targets that are specific to myeloid cell populations in the TME, while providing a critical review of the limitations of current strategies aimed at targeting a single subtype of the myeloid cell compartment. The goal of this review is to provide the reader with an understanding of the critical role of myeloid cells in the TME and current therapeutic approaches including ongoing or recently completed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Chaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Center for Cancer Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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27
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Catala A, Youssef LA, Reisz JA, Dzieciatkowska M, Powers NE, Marchetti C, Karafin M, Zimring JC, Hudson KE, Hansen KC, Spitalnik SL, D'Alessandro A. Metabolic Reprogramming of Mouse Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages Following Erythrophagocytosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:396. [PMID: 32425810 PMCID: PMC7204509 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticuloendothelial macrophages engulf ∼0.2 trillion senescent erythrocytes daily in a process called erythrophagocytosis (EP). This critical mechanism preserves systemic heme-iron homeostasis by regulating red blood cell (RBC) catabolism and iron recycling. Although extensive work has demonstrated the various effects on macrophage metabolic reprogramming by stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines, little is known about the impact of EP on the macrophage metabolome and proteome. Thus, we performed mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and proteomics analyses of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) before and after EP of IgG-coated RBCs. Further, metabolomics was performed on BMDMs incubated with free IgG to ensure that changes to macrophage metabolism were due to opsonized RBCs and not to free IgG binding. Uniformly labeled tracing experiments were conducted on BMDMs in the presence and absence of IgG-coated RBCs to assess the flux of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In this study, we demonstrate that EP significantly alters amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, the Krebs cycle, OXPHOS, and arachidonate-linoleate metabolism. Increases in levels of amino acids, lipids and oxylipins, heme products, and RBC-derived proteins are noted in BMDMs following EP. Tracing experiments with U-13C6 glucose indicated a slower flux through glycolysis and enhanced PPP activation. Notably, we show that it is fueled by glucose derived from the macrophages themselves or from the extracellular media prior to EP, but not from opsonized RBCs. The PPP-derived NADPH can then fuel the oxidative burst, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species necessary to promote digestion of phagocytosed RBC proteins via radical attack. Results were confirmed by redox proteomics experiments, demonstrating the oxidation of Cys152 and Cys94 of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and hemoglobin-β, respectively. Significant increases in early Krebs cycle and C5-branched dibasic acid metabolites (α-ketoglutarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate, respectively) indicate that EP promotes the dysregulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Lastly, EP stimulated aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase and arginase activity as indicated by significant accumulations of ALA and ornithine after IgG-mediated RBC ingestion. Importantly, EP-mediated metabolic reprogramming of BMDMs does not occur following exposure to IgG alone. In conclusion, we show that EP reprograms macrophage metabolism and modifies macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Catala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lyla A Youssef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nicholas E Powers
- Department of Medicine - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Carlo Marchetti
- Department of Medicine - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew Karafin
- Medical Sciences Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin (Versiti), Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - James C Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Steven L Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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28
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Radu V, Price JC, Levett SJ, Narayanasamy KK, Bateman-Price TD, Wilson PB, Mather ML. Dynamic Quantum Sensing of Paramagnetic Species Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond. ACS Sens 2020; 5:703-710. [PMID: 31867948 PMCID: PMC7106109 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring paramagnetic species (PS), such as free radicals and paramagnetic metalloproteins, play an essential role in a multitude of critical physiological processes including metabolism, cell signaling, and immune response. These highly dynamic species can also act as intrinsic biomarkers for a variety of disease states, while synthetic paramagnetic probes targeted to specific sites on biomolecules enable the study of functional information such as tissue oxygenation and redox status in living systems. The work presented herein describes a new sensing method that exploits the spin-dependent emission of photoluminescence (PL) from an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for rapid, nondestructive detection of PS in living systems. Uniquely this approach involves simple measurement protocols that assess PL contrast with and without the application of microwaves. The method is demonstrated to detect concentrations of paramagnetic salts in solution and the widely used magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent gadobutrol with a limit of detection of less than 10 attomol over a 100 μm × 100 μm field of view. Real-time monitoring of changes in the concentration of paramagnetic salts is demonstrated with image exposure times of 20 ms. Further, dynamic tracking of chemical reactions is demonstrated via the conversion of low-spin cyanide-coordinated Fe3+ to hexaaqua Fe3+ under acidic conditions. Finally, the capability to map paramagnetic species in model cells with subcellular resolution is demonstrated using lipid membranes containing gadolinium-labeled phospholipids under ambient conditions in the order of minutes. Overall, this work introduces a new sensing approach for the realization of fast, sensitive imaging of PS in a widefield format that is readily deployable in biomedical settings. Ultimately, this new approach to nitrogen vacancy-based quantum sensing paves the way toward minimally invasive real-time mapping and observation of free radicals in in vitro cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Radu
- Optics
and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Joshua Colm Price
- Optics
and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Simon James Levett
- Optics
and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | | | - Thomas David Bateman-Price
- Optics
and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Philippe Barrie Wilson
- Leicester
School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, U.K.
| | - Melissa Louise Mather
- Optics
and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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29
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Sista Kameshwar AK, Qin W. Systematic metadata analysis of brown rot fungi gene expression data reveals the genes involved in Fenton's reaction and wood decay process. Mycology 2019; 11:22-37. [PMID: 32128279 PMCID: PMC7033688 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1703052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown-rot fungi are rapid holocellulose degraders and are the most predominant degraders of coniferous wood products in North America. Brown-rot fungi degrades wood by both enzymatic (plant biomass degrading carbohydrate active enzymes-CAZymes) and non-enzymatic systems (Fenton’s reaction) mechanisms. Identifying the genes and molecular mechanisms involved in Fenton’s reaction would significantly improve our understanding about brown-rot decay. Our present study identifies the common gene expression patterns involved in brown rot decay by performing metadata analysis of fungal transcriptome datasets. We have also analyzed and compared the genome-wide annotations (InterPro and CAZymes) of the selected brown rot fungi. Genes encoding for various oxidoreductases, iron homeostasis, and metabolic enzymes involved in Fenton’s mechanism were found to be significantly expressed among all the brown-rot fungal datasets. Interestingly, a higher number of hemicellulases encoding genes were differentially expressed among all the datasets, while a fewer number of cellulases and peroxidases were expressed (especially haem peroxidase and chloroperoxidase). Apart from these lignocellulose degrading enzymes genes encoding for aldo/keto reductases, 2-nitro dioxygenase, aromatic-ring dioxygenase, dienelactone hydrolase, alcohol dehydrogenase, major facilitator superfamily, cytochrome-P450 monoxygenase, cytochrome b5, and short-chain dehydrogenase were common and differentially up regulated among all the analyzed brown-rot fungal datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Virág L, Jaén RI, Regdon Z, Boscá L, Prieto P. Self-defense of macrophages against oxidative injury: Fighting for their own survival. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101261. [PMID: 31279985 PMCID: PMC6614175 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated macrophages play a central role in both the development and resolution of inflammation. These immune cells need to be functional in harmful conditions with high levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that can damage their basic cell components, which may alter their metabolism. An excessive accumulation of these cell alterations drives macrophages inexorably to cell death, which has been associated to the development of several inflammatory diseases and even with aging in a process termed as "immunosenescence". Macrophages, however, exhibit a prolonged survival in this hostile environment because they equip themselves with a complex network of protective mechanisms. Here we provide an overview of these self-defense mechanisms with special attention being paid to bioactive lipid mediators, NRF2 signaling and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Rafael I Jaén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zsolt Regdon
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Zhang J, Jiang F, Shen Y, Zhan Q, Bai B, Chen W, Chi Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes related to phosphorus starvation tolerance in sorghum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:306. [PMID: 31296169 PMCID: PMC6624980 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) deficiency in soil is a worldwide issue and a major constraint on the production of sorghum, which is an important staple food, forage and energy crop. The depletion of P reserves and the increasing price of P fertilizer make fertilizer application impractical, especially in developing countries. Therefore, identifying sorghum accessions with low-P tolerance and understanding the underlying molecular basis for this tolerance will facilitate the breeding of P-efficient plants, thereby resolving the P crisis in sorghum farming. However, knowledge in these areas is very limited. RESULTS The 29 sorghum accessions used in this study demonstrated great variability in their tolerance to low-P stress. The internal P content in the shoot was correlated with P tolerance. A low-P-tolerant accession and a low-P-sensitive accession were chosen for RNA-seq analysis to identify potential underlying molecular mechanisms. A total of 2089 candidate genes related to P starvation tolerance were revealed and found to be enriched in 11 pathways. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed that the candidate genes were associated with oxidoreductase activity. In addition, further study showed that malate affected the length of the primary root and the number of tips in sorghum suffering from low-P stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that acquisition of P from soil contributes to low-P tolerance in different sorghum accessions; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is complicated. Plant hormone (including auxin, ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and abscisic acid) signal transduction related genes and many transcriptional factors were found to be involved in low-P tolerance in sorghum. The identified accessions will be useful for breeding new sorghum varieties with enhanced P starvation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Zhang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Fangfang Jiang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yixin Shen
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Qiuwen Zhan
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Binqiang Bai
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yingjun Chi
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu Province China
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32
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Histoplasma Responses to Nutritional Immunity Imposed by Macrophage Activation. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5020045. [PMID: 31195617 PMCID: PMC6616858 DOI: 10.3390/jof5020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum resides within the phagosome of host phagocytic cells. Within this intracellular compartment, Histoplasma yeast replication requires the acquisition of several essential nutrients, including metal ions. Recent work has shown that while iron, zinc, and copper are sufficiently abundant in resting macrophages, cytokine activation of these host cells causes restriction of these metals from intracellular yeasts as a form of nutritional immunity. Faced with limited iron availability in the phagosome following macrophage activation by IFN-γ, Histoplasma yeasts secrete iron-scavenging siderophores and employ multiple strategies for reduction of ferric iron to the more physiologically useful ferrous form. IFN-γ activation of macrophages also limits availability of copper in the phagosome, forcing Histoplasma reliance on the high affinity Ctr3 copper importer for copper acquisition. GM-CSF activation stimulates macrophage production of zinc-chelating metallothioneins and zinc transporters to sequester zinc from Histoplasma yeasts. In response, Histoplasma yeasts express the Zrt2 zinc importer. These findings highlight the dynamics of phagosomal metal ion concentrations in host-pathogen interactions and explain one mechanism by which macrophages become a less permissive environment for Histoplasma replication with the onset of adaptive immunity.
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33
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Verma S, Prescott R, Cherayil BJ. The commensal bacterium Bacteroides fragilis down-regulates ferroportin expression and alters iron homeostasis in macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1079-1088. [PMID: 31166618 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a1018-408rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has several effects on host physiology. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that the microbiota influences systemic iron homeostasis in mouse colitis models by altering inflammation-induced expression of the iron-regulating hormone hepcidin. In the present study, we examined the impact of the gut commensal bacterium Bacteroides fragilis on the expression of the iron exporter ferroportin, the target of hepcidin action, in macrophages, the cell type that plays a pivotal role in iron recycling. Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were exposed to B. fragilis and were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We found that B. fragilis down-regulated ferroportin transcription independently of bacterial viability. Medium conditioned by the bacteria also reduced ferroportin expression, indicating the involvement of soluble factors, possibly Toll-like receptor ligands. Consistent with this idea, several of these ligands were able to down-regulate ferroportin. The B. fragilis-induced decrease in ferroportin was functionally important since it produced a significant increase in intracellular iron concentrations that prevented the effects of the iron chelator deferoxamine on Salmonella-induced IL-6 and IL-1β production. Our results thus reveal that B. fragilis can influence macrophage iron handling and inflammatory responses by modulating ferroportin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Verma
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel Prescott
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bobby J Cherayil
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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34
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Dlouhy AC, Bailey DK, Steimle BL, Parker HV, Kosman DJ. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer links membrane ferroportin, hephaestin but not ferroportin, amyloid precursor protein complex with iron efflux. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4202-4214. [PMID: 30647129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron efflux from mammalian cells is supported by the synergistic actions of the ferrous iron efflux transporter, ferroportin (Fpn) and a multicopper ferroxidase, that is, hephaestin (Heph), ceruloplasmin (Cp) or both. The two proteins stabilize Fpn in the plasma membrane and catalyze extracellular Fe3+ release. The membrane stabilization of Fpn is also stimulated by its interaction with a 22-amino acid synthetic peptide based on a short sequence in the extracellular E2 domain of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). However, whether APP family members interact with Fpn in vivo is unclear. Here, using cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-tagged Fpn in conjunction with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusions of Heph and APP family members APP, APLP1, and APLP2 in HEK293T cells we used fluorescence and surface biotinylation to quantify Fpn membrane occupancy and also measured 59Fe efflux. We demonstrate that Fpn and Heph co-localize, and FRET analysis indicated that the two proteins form an iron-efflux complex. In contrast, none of the full-length, cellular APP proteins exhibited Fpn co-localization or FRET. Moreover, iron supplementation increased surface expression of the iron-efflux complex, and copper depletion knocked down Heph activity and decreased Fpn membrane localization. Whereas cellular APP species had no effects on Fpn and Heph localization, addition of soluble E2 elements derived from APP and APLP2, but not APLP1, increased Fpn membrane occupancy. We conclude that a ferroportin-targeting sequence, (K/R)EWEE, present in APP and APLP2, but not APLP1, helps modulate Fpn-dependent iron efflux in the presence of an active multicopper ferroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne C Dlouhy
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Danielle K Bailey
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Brittany L Steimle
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Haley V Parker
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Daniel J Kosman
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
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35
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Carrió-Seguí À, Ruiz-Rivero O, Villamayor-Belinchón L, Puig S, Perea-García A, Peñarrubia L. The Altered Expression of microRNA408 Influences the Arabidopsis Response to Iron Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:324. [PMID: 31001291 PMCID: PMC6454987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs contribute to the adaptation of plants to varying environmental conditions by affecting systemic mineral nutrient homeostasis. Copper and iron deficiencies antagonistically control the expression of Arabidopsis thaliana microRNA408 (miR408), which post-transcriptionally regulates laccase-like multicopper oxidase family members LAC3, LAC12, and LAC13. In this work, we used miR408 T-DNA insertion mutants (408-KO1 and 408-KO2) and a previously characterized transgenic line overexpressing miR408 (35S:408-14) to explore how miR408 influences copper- and iron-dependent metabolism. We observed that the altered expression of miR408 diminished plant performance and the activation of the iron-regulated genes under iron-deficient conditions. Consistently with the low expression of the miR408-target laccases, we showed that the vascular bundle lignification of the 35S:408-14 plants diminished. The decrease in the phenoloxidase and ferroxidase activities exhibited by wild-type plants under iron deficiency did not occur in the 408-KO1 plants, probably due to the higher expression of laccases. Finally, we observed that the hydrogen peroxide levels under iron starvation were altered in both the 408-KO1 and 35S:408-14 lines. Taken together, these results suggest that Arabidopsis plants with modified miR408 levels undergo multiple deregulations under iron-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Carrió-Seguí
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologiaia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Ruiz-Rivero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Villamayor-Belinchón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologiaia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Perea-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lola Peñarrubia
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologiaia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lola Peñarrubia, ;
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36
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Dong D, Zhang G, Yang J, Zhao B, Wang S, Wang L, Zhang G, Shang P. The role of iron metabolism in cancer therapy focusing on tumor-associated macrophages. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8028-8039. [PMID: 30362549 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient in mammalian cells for basic processes such as DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression, and mitochondrial activity. Macrophages play a vital role in iron metabolism, which is tightly linked to their phagocytosis of senescent and death erythrocytes. It is now recognized that the polarization process of macrophages determines the expression profile of genes associated with iron metabolism. Although iron metabolism is strictly controlled by physiology, cancer has recently been connected with disordered iron metabolism. Moreover, in the environment of cancer, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit an iron release phenotype, which stimulates tumor cell survival and growth. Usually, the abundance of TAMs in the tumor is implicated in poor disease prognosis. Therefore, important attention has been drawn toward the development of tumor immunotherapies targeting these TAMs focussing on iron metabolism and reprogramming polarized phenotypes. Although further systematic research is still required, these efforts are almost certainly valuable in the search for new and effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Xi'an Shanxi, China
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Wang PW, Wu TH, Pan TL, Chen MH, Goto S, Chen CL. Integrated Proteome and Cytokine Profiles Reveal Ceruloplasmin Eliciting Liver Allograft Tolerance via Antioxidant Cascades. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2216. [PMID: 30319655 PMCID: PMC6168655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute rejection (AR) and spontaneous tolerance may occur after allograft orthotopic liver transplants (OLT) performed in certain combinations of donor and recipient rat strains, yet the underlying molecular cascades involved in these conditions remain poorly understood. Comprehensive analysis with proteomic tools revealed that ceruloplasmin was highly expressed during the tolerant period on day 63 post-OLT (POD 63) compared to the rejected samples on POD 14. Meanwhile, cytokine expression profiles implied that the inflammation was significantly stimulated in the AR subjects. Again, protein carbonylation was dramatically upregulated in the rejected subject within the tolerant group. Knockdown of ceruloplasmin would elicit more severe ROS damage, leading to cell death in the presence of H2O2, which induced Nrf2 cascade and the recovery of ceruloplasmin to mediate spontaneous tolerance. In summary, ceruloplasmin may contribute to amending the oxidative stress that eventually causes cell apoptosis and to maintaining the survival of hepatocytes in a drug-free tolerance OLT model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ho Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Long Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Modulation of the monocyte/macrophage system in heart failure by targeting heme oxygenase-1. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:79-90. [PMID: 30213580 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Upon myocardial infarction (MI) immune system becomes activated by extensive necrosis of cardiomyocytes releasing intracellular molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns. Overactive and prolonged immune responses are likely to be responsible for heart failure development and progression in patients surviving the ischemic episode. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in heme degradation and in this way releases carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin. This stress-inducible enzyme is induced by various oxidative and inflammatory signals. Consequently, biological actions of HO-1 are not limited to degradation of a toxic heme released from hemoproteins, but also provide an adaptive cellular response against chronic inflammation and oxidative injury. Indeed, the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of HO-1 were demonstrated in several experimental studies, as well as in human cases of genetic HO-1 deficiency. HO-1 was shown to suppress the production, myocardial infiltration and inflammatory properties of monocytes and macrophages what resulted in limitation of post-MI cardiac damage. This review specifically addresses the role of HO-1, heme and its degradation products in macrophage biology and post-ischemic cardiac repair. A more complete understanding of these mechanisms is essential to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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Gutiérrez-Alanís D, Ojeda-Rivera JO, Yong-Villalobos L, Cárdenas-Torres L, Herrera-Estrella L. Adaptation to Phosphate Scarcity: Tips from Arabidopsis Roots. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:721-730. [PMID: 29764728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) availability is a limiting factor for plant growth and development. Root tip contact with low Pi media triggers diverse changes in the root architecture of Arabidopsis thaliana. The most conspicuous among these modifications is the inhibition of root growth, which is triggered by a shift from an indeterminate to a determinate root growth program. This phenomenon takes place in the root tip and involves a reduction in cell elongation, a decrease in cell proliferation, and the induction of premature cell differentiation, resulting in meristem exhaustion. Here, we review recent findings in the root response of A. thaliana to low Pi availability and discuss the cellular and genetic basis of the inhibition of root growth in Pi-deprived seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Gutiérrez-Alanís
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO) del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México; These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Jonathan Odilón Ojeda-Rivera
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO) del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México; These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Lenin Yong-Villalobos
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO) del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Luis Cárdenas-Torres
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, 62250, Morelos, México
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO) del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.
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40
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Wang X, Yin S, Yang Z, Zhou B. Drosophila multicopper oxidase 3 is a potential ferroxidase involved in iron homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1826-1834. [PMID: 29684424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are a specific group of enzymes that contain multiple copper centers through which different substrates are oxidized. Main members of MCO family include ferroxidases, ascorbate oxidases, and laccases. MCO type of ferroxidases is key to iron transport across the plasma membrane. In Drosophila, there are four potential multicopper oxidases, MCO1-4. No convincing evidence has been presented so far to indicate any of these, or even any insect multicopper oxidase, to be a ferroxidase. Here we show Drosophila MCO3 (dMCO3) is highly likely a bona fide ferroxidase. In vitro activity assay with insect-cell-expressed dMCO3 demonstrated it has potent ferroxidase activity. Meanwhile, the ascorbate oxidase and laccase activities of dMCO3 are much less significant. dMCO3 expression in vivo, albeit at low levels, appears mostly extracellular, reminiscent of mammalian ceruloplasmin in the serum. A null dMCO3 mutant, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, showed disrupted iron homeostasis, evidenced by increased iron level and reduced metal importer Mvl expression. Notably, dMCO3-null flies phenotypically are largely normal at normal or iron stressed-conditions. We speculate the likely existence of a similar iron efflux apparatus as the mammalian ferroportin/ferroxidase in Drosophila. However, its importance to fly iron homeostasis is greatly minimized, which is instead dominated by another iron efflux avenue mediated by the ZIP13-ferritin axis along the ER/Golgi secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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41
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Kosman DJ. The teleos of metallo-reduction and metallo-oxidation in eukaryotic iron and copper trafficking. Metallomics 2018; 10:370-377. [PMID: 29484341 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells, whether free-living or organismal, rely on metallo-reductases to process environmental ferric iron and cupric copper prior to uptake. In addition, some free-living eukaryotes (e.g. fungi and algae) couple ferri-reduction to ferro-oxidation, a process catalyzed by a small cohort of multi-copper oxidases; in these organisms, the ferric iron product is a ligand for cell iron uptake via a ferric iron permease. In addition to their support of iron uptake in lower eukaryotes, ferroxidases support ferrous iron efflux in Chordata; in this process the release of the ferrous iron from the efflux transporter is catalyzed by its ferroxidation. Last, ferroxidases also catalyze the oxidation of cuprous copper and, as metallo-oxidases, mirror the dual activity of the metallo-reductases. This Perspective examines the teleos of the yin-yang of this redox cycling of iron and copper in their metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University at Buffalo, Farber Hall Room 140, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214-3000, USA.
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42
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Ghods N, Falahati M, Roudbary M, Farahyar S, Shamaei M, Pourabdollah M, Seif F. Differential role of gpaB and sidA gene expressions in relation to virulence in Aspergillus species from patients with invasive aspergillosis. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:668-674. [PMID: 29452846 PMCID: PMC6066728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The virulence genes in invasive aspergillosis (IA) have not been analyzed adequately. The present study was designed to evaluate the expression of gpaB and sidA genes, which are important virulence genes in Aspergillus spp. from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Direct examination and culture on Czapek Agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar media were performed for 600 BAL specimens isolated from patients with possible aspergillosis. A Galactomannan ELISA assay was also carried out. The expression levels of the gpaB and sidA genes in isolates were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We identified 2 species, including Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) in 25 positive samples for invasive aspergillosis as validated using GM-ELISA. A. flavus is the main pathogen threatening transplant recipients and cancer patients worldwide. In this study, A. flavus had low levels of the gpaB gene expression compared to A. fumigatus (p = 0.006). The highest sidA expression was detected in transplant recipients (p = 0.05). There was no significant correlation between sidA expression and underlying disease (p = 0.15). The sidA and gpaB gene expression patterns may provide evidence that these virulence genes play important roles in the pathogenicity of Aspergillus isolates; however, there are several regulatory genes responsible for the unexpressed sidA and gpaB genes in the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayereh Ghods
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Falahati
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Roudbary
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shirin Farahyar
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Shamaei
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Pourabdollah
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Tehran, Iran
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Marelja Z, Leimkühler S, Missirlis F. Iron Sulfur and Molybdenum Cofactor Enzymes Regulate the Drosophila Life Cycle by Controlling Cell Metabolism. Front Physiol 2018; 9:50. [PMID: 29491838 PMCID: PMC5817353 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters and the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) are present at enzyme sites, where the active metal facilitates electron transfer. Such enzyme systems are soluble in the mitochondrial matrix, cytosol and nucleus, or embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, but virtually absent from the cell secretory pathway. They are of ancient evolutionary origin supporting respiration, DNA replication, transcription, translation, the biosynthesis of steroids, heme, catabolism of purines, hydroxylation of xenobiotics, and cellular sulfur metabolism. Here, Fe-S cluster and Moco biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster is reviewed and the multiple biochemical and physiological functions of known Fe-S and Moco enzymes are described. We show that RNA interference of Mocs3 disrupts Moco biosynthesis and the circadian clock. Fe-S-dependent mitochondrial respiration is discussed in the context of germ line and somatic development, stem cell differentiation and aging. The subcellular compartmentalization of the Fe-S and Moco assembly machinery components and their connections to iron sensing mechanisms and intermediary metabolism are emphasized. A biochemically active Fe-S core complex of heterologously expressed fly Nfs1, Isd11, IscU, and human frataxin is presented. Based on the recent demonstration that copper displaces the Fe-S cluster of yeast and human ferredoxin, an explanation for why high dietary copper leads to cytoplasmic iron deficiency in flies is proposed. Another proposal that exosomes contribute to the transport of xanthine dehydrogenase from peripheral tissues to the eye pigment cells is put forward, where the Vps16a subunit of the HOPS complex may have a specialized role in concentrating this enzyme within pigment granules. Finally, we formulate a hypothesis that (i) mitochondrial superoxide mobilizes iron from the Fe-S clusters in aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase; (ii) increased iron transiently displaces manganese on superoxide dismutase, which may function as a mitochondrial iron sensor since it is inactivated by iron; (iii) with the Krebs cycle thus disrupted, citrate is exported to the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis, while succinyl-CoA and the iron are used for heme biosynthesis; (iv) as iron is used for heme biosynthesis its concentration in the matrix drops allowing for manganese to reactivate superoxide dismutase and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis to reestablish the Krebs cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Marelja
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Liu J, Fan Y, Zou J, Fang Y, Wang L, Wang M, Jiang X, Liu Y, Gao J, Zhang C. A RhABF2/Ferritin module affects rose (Rosa hybrida) petal dehydration tolerance and senescence by modulating iron levels. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:1157-1169. [PMID: 29072877 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants often develop the capacity to tolerate moderate and reversible environmental stresses, such as drought, and to re-establish normal development once the stress has been removed. An example of this phenomenon is provided by cut rose (Rosa hybrida) flowers, which experience typical reversible dehydration stresses during post-harvest handling after harvesting at the bud stages. The molecular mechanisms involved in rose flower dehydration tolerance are not known, however. Here, we characterized a dehydration- and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced ferritin gene (RhFer1). Dehydration-induced free ferrous iron (Fe2+ ) is preferentially sequestered by RhFer1 and not transported outside of the petal cells, to restrict oxidative stresses during dehydration. Free Fe2+ accumulation resulted in more serious oxidative stresses and the induction of genes encoding antioxidant enzyme in RhFer1-silenced petals, and poorer dehydration tolerance was observed compared with tobacco rattle virus (TRV) controls. We also determined that RhABF2, an AREB/ABF transcription factor involved in the ABA signaling pathway, can activate RhFer1 expression by directly binding to its promoter. The silencing of RhABF2 decreased dehydration tolerance and disrupted Fe homeostasis in rose petals during dehydration, as did the silencing of RhFer1. Although both RhFer1 and Fe transporter genes are induced during flower natural senescence in plants, the silencing of RhABF2 or RhFer1 accelerates the petal senescence processes. These results suggest that the regulatory module RhABF2/RhFer1 contributes to the maintenance of Fe levels and enhances dehydration tolerance through the action of RhFer1 locally sequestering free Fe2+ under dehydration conditions, and plays synergistic roles with transporter genes during flower senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Liu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Youwei Fan
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiqun Fang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linghao Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinqiang Jiang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Collabrative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Wofford JD, Park J, McCormick SP, Chakrabarti M, Lindahl PA. Ferric ions accumulate in the walls of metabolically inactivating Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and are reductively mobilized during reactivation. Metallomics 2017; 8:692-708. [PMID: 27188213 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00070c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mössbauer and EPR spectra of fermenting yeast cells before and after cell wall (CW) digestion revealed that CWs accumulated iron as cells transitioned from exponential to post-exponential growth. Most CW iron was mononuclear nonheme high-spin (NHHS) Fe(III), some was diamagnetic and some was superparamagnetic. A significant portion of CW Fe was removable by EDTA. Simulations using an ordinary-differential-equations-based model suggested that cells accumulate Fe as they become metabolically inactive. When dormant Fe-loaded cells were metabolically reactivated in Fe-deficient bathophenanthroline disulfonate (BPS)-treated medium, they grew using Fe that had been mobilized from their CWs AND using trace amounts of Fe in the Fe-deficient medium. When grown in Fe-deficient medium, Fe-starved cells contained the lowest cellular Fe concentrations reported for a eukaryotic cell. During metabolic reactivation of Fe-loaded dormant cells, Fe(III) ions in the CWs of these cells were mobilized by reduction to Fe(II), followed by release from the CW and reimport into the cell. BPS short-circuited this process by chelating mobilized and released Fe(II) ions before reimport; the resulting Fe(II)(BPS)3 complex adsorbed on the cell surface. NHHS Fe(II) ions appeared transiently during mobilization, suggesting that these ions were intermediates in this process. In the presence of chelators and at high pH, metabolically inactive cells leached CW Fe; this phenomenon probably differs from metabolic mobilization. The iron regulon, as reported by Fet3p levels, was not expressed during post-exponential conditions; Fet3p was maximally expressed in exponentially growing cells. Decreased expression of the iron regulon and metabolic decline combine to promote CW Fe accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Wofford
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Jinkyu Park
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Sean P McCormick
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Mrinmoy Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Paul A Lindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA. and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Asthana A, Baksi S, Ashok A, Karmakar S, Mammadova N, Kokemuller R, Greenlee MH, Kong Q, Singh N. Prion protein facilitates retinal iron uptake and is cleaved at the β-site: Implications for retinal iron homeostasis in prion disorders. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9600. [PMID: 28851903 PMCID: PMC5575325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion disease-associated retinal degeneration is attributed to PrP-scrapie (PrPSc), a misfolded isoform of prion protein (PrPC) that accumulates in the neuroretina. However, a lack of temporal and spatial correlation between PrPSc and cytotoxicity suggests the contribution of host factors. We report retinal iron dyshomeostasis as one such factor. PrPC is expressed on the basolateral membrane of retinal-pigment-epithelial (RPE) cells, where it mediates uptake of iron by the neuroretina. Accordingly, the neuroretina of PrP-knock-out mice is iron-deficient. In RPE19 cells, silencing of PrPC decreases ferritin while over-expression upregulates ferritin and divalent-metal-transporter-1 (DMT-1), indicating PrPC-mediated iron uptake through DMT-1. Polarization of RPE19 cells results in upregulation of ferritin by ~10-fold and β-cleavage of PrPC, the latter likely to block further uptake of iron due to cleavage of the ferrireductase domain. A similar β-cleavage of PrPC is observed in mouse retinal lysates. Scrapie infection causes PrPSc accumulation and microglial activation, and surprisingly, upregulation of transferrin despite increased levels of ferritin. Notably, detergent-insoluble ferritin accumulates in RPE cells and correlates temporally with microglial activation, not PrPSc accumulation, suggesting that impaired uptake of iron by PrPSc combined with inflammation results in retinal iron-dyshomeostasis, a potentially toxic host response contributing to prion disease-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Asthana
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Shounak Baksi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Ajay Ashok
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Shilpita Karmakar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Najiba Mammadova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50010, USA
| | - Robyn Kokemuller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50010, USA
| | - Mary Heather Greenlee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, 50010, USA
| | - Qingzhong Kong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Neena Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.
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Phosphate Starvation-Dependent Iron Mobilization Induces CLE14 Expression to Trigger Root Meristem Differentiation through CLV2/PEPR2 Signaling. Dev Cell 2017; 41:555-570.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cortes L, Roberts BR, Wedd AG, Xiao Z. Molecular Aspects of a Robust Assay for Ferroxidase Function of Ceruloplasmin. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5275-5284. [PMID: 28414228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is one of the most complex multicopper oxidase enzymes and plays an essential role in the metabolism of iron in mammals. Ferrous ion supplied by the ferroportin exporter is converted by Cp to ferric ion that is accepted by plasma metallo-chaperone transferrin. Study of the enzyme at the atomic and molecular level has been hampered by the lack of a suitable ferrous substrate. We have developed the classic chromophoric complex FeIIHx(Tar)2 (H2Tar, 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol; x = 0-2; overall charge omitted) as a robust substrate for evaluation of the ferroxidase function of Cp and related enzymes. The catalysis can be followed conveniently in real time by monitoring the solution absorbance at 720 nm, a fingerprint of FeIIHx(Tar)2. The complex is oxidized to its ferric form FeIIIHx(Tar)2 via the overall reaction sequence FeIIHx(Tar)2 → FeII-Cp → FeIII-Cp → FeIIIHx(Tar)2: i.e., Fe(II) is transferred formally from FeIIHx(Tar)2 to the substrate docking/oxidation (SDO) site(s) in Cp, followed by oxidation to product Fe(III) that is trapped again by the ligand. Each Tar ligand in the above bis-complex coordinates the metal center in a meridional tridentate mode involving a pH-sensitive -OH group (pKa > 12), and this imposes rapid Fe(II) and Fe(III) transfer kinetics to facilitate the catalytic process. The formation constants of both the ferrous and ferric complexes at pH 7.0 were determined (log β2' = 13.6 and 21.6, respectively), as well as an average dissociation constant of the SDO site(s) in Cp (log KD' = -7.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cortes
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony G Wedd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zhiguang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Malate-dependent Fe accumulation is a critical checkpoint in the root developmental response to low phosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3563-E3572. [PMID: 28400510 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701952114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low phosphate (Pi) availability constrains plant development and seed production in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. When Pi is scarce, modifications of root system architecture (RSA) enhance the soil exploration ability of the plant and lead to an increase in Pi uptake. In Arabidopsis, an iron-dependent mechanism reprograms primary root growth in response to low Pi availability. This program is activated upon contact of the root tip with low-Pi media and induces premature cell differentiation and the arrest of mitotic activity in the root apical meristem, resulting in a short-root phenotype. However, the mechanisms that regulate the primary root response to Pi-limiting conditions remain largely unknown. Here we report on the isolation and characterization of two low-Pi insensitive mutants (lpi5 and lpi6), which have a long-root phenotype when grown in low-Pi media. Cellular, genomic, and transcriptomic analysis of low-Pi insensitive mutants revealed that the genes previously shown to underlie Arabidopsis Al tolerance via root malate exudation, known as SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY (STOP1) and ALUMINUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 1 (ALMT1), represent a critical checkpoint in the root developmental response to Pi starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana Our results also show that exogenous malate can rescue the long-root phenotype of lpi5 and lpi6 Malate exudation is required for the accumulation of Fe in the apoplast of meristematic cells, triggering the differentiation of meristematic cells in response to Pi deprivation.
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Alam MZ, Devalaraja S, Haldar M. The Heme Connection: Linking Erythrocytes and Macrophage Biology. Front Immunol 2017; 8:33. [PMID: 28167947 PMCID: PMC5256077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroid function and development is intimately linked to macrophages. The primary function of erythrocytes is oxygen delivery, which is mediated by iron-containing hemoglobin. The major source of this iron is a recycling pathway where macrophages scavenge old and damaged erythrocytes to release iron contained within the heme moiety. Macrophages also promote erythropoiesis by providing a supportive niche in the bone marrow as an integral component of “erythorblastic islands.” Importantly, inflammation leads to alterations in iron handling by macrophages with significant impact on iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis. The importance of macrophages in erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis is well established and has been extensively reviewed. However, this developmental relationship is not one way, and erythrocytes can also regulate macrophage development and function. Erythrocyte-derived heme can induce the development of iron-recycling macrophages from monocytes, engage pattern recognition receptors to activate macrophages, and act as ligand for specific nuclear receptors to modulate macrophage function. Here, we discuss the role of heme as a signaling molecule impacting macrophage homeostasis. We will review these actions of heme within the framework of our current understanding of the role of micro-environmental factors in macrophage development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zahidul Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Samir Devalaraja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Malay Haldar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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