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Yan Y, Wang Q. BMP Signaling: Lighting up the Way for Embryonic Dorsoventral Patterning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:799772. [PMID: 35036406 PMCID: PMC8753366 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.799772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant events during early embryonic development is the establishment of a basic embryonic body plan, which is defined by anteroposterior, dorsoventral (DV), and left-right axes. It is well-known that the morphogen gradient created by BMP signaling activity is crucial for DV axis patterning across a diverse set of vertebrates. The regulation of BMP signaling during DV patterning has been strongly conserved across evolution. This is a remarkable regulatory and evolutionary feat, as the BMP gradient has been maintained despite the tremendous variation in embryonic size and shape across species. Interestingly, the embryonic DV axis exhibits robust stability, even in face of variations in BMP signaling. Multiple lines of genetic, molecular, and embryological evidence have suggested that numerous BMP signaling components and their attendant regulators act in concert to shape the developing DV axis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of BMP signaling in DV patterning. Throughout, we focus specifically on popular model animals, such as Xenopus and zebrafish, highlighting the similarities and differences of the regulatory networks between species. We also review recent advances regarding the molecular nature of DV patterning, including the initiation of the DV axis, the formation of the BMP gradient, and the regulatory molecular mechanisms behind BMP signaling during the establishment of the DV axis. Collectively, this review will help clarify our current understanding of the molecular nature of DV axis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Migliorini E, Guevara-Garcia A, Albiges-Rizo C, Picart C. Learning from BMPs and their biophysical extracellular matrix microenvironment for biomaterial design. Bone 2020; 141:115540. [PMID: 32730925 PMCID: PMC7614069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It is nowadays well-accepted that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is not a simple reservoir for growth factors but is an organization center of their biological activity. In this review, we focus on the ability of the ECM to regulate the biological activity of BMPs. In particular, we survey the role of the ECM components, notably the glycosaminoglycans and fibrillary ECM proteins, which can be promoters or repressors of the biological activities mediated by the BMPs. We examine how a process called mechano-transduction induced by the ECM can affect BMP signaling, including BMP internalization by the cells. We also focus on the spatio-temporal regulation of the BMPs, including their release from the ECM, which enables to modulate their spatial localization as well as their local concentration. We highlight how biomaterials can recapitulate some aspects of the BMPs/ECM interactions and help to answer fundamental questions to reveal previously unknown molecular mechanisms. Finally, the design of new biomaterials inspired by the ECM to better present BMPs is discussed, and their use for a more efficient bone regeneration in vivo is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Migliorini
- CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, LMGP, UMR 5628, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France; CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine Lab, ERL 5000, Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/CEA/CNRS, Grenoble France.
| | - Amaris Guevara-Garcia
- CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, LMGP, UMR 5628, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France; CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine Lab, ERL 5000, Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/CEA/CNRS, Grenoble France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut for Advances Biosciences, Institute Albert Bonniot, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut for Advances Biosciences, Institute Albert Bonniot, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, LMGP, UMR 5628, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France; CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine Lab, ERL 5000, Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/CEA/CNRS, Grenoble France.
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3
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Wang J, Xie X, Muench NA, Massoudi D, Xu C, Greenspan DS, Feng JQ. Proteinase bone morphogenetic protein 1, but not tolloid-like 1, plays a dominant role in maintaining periodontal homeostasis. J Periodontol 2020; 92:1018-1029. [PMID: 33169406 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is caused by multiple factors involving a bacterial challenge and a susceptible host, although there is no report on gene mutation directly linked to this common disease. Mutations in the proteinase bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) were identified in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, who display some dentin defects and alveolar bone loss. We previously reported essential roles of BMP1 and tolloid-like 1 (TLL1), two closely related extracellular proteinases with overlapping functions, in mouse periodontium growth by simultaneous knockout (KO) of both genes, although the separate roles of BMP1 and TLL1 have remained unclear. Here, we have investigated whether and how BMP1 and TLL1 separately maintain periodontal homeostasis by comparing single Bmp1 KO and Tll1 KO with double KO (dKO) phenotypes. METHODS Floxed Bmp1 and/or Tll1 alleles were deleted in transgenic mice via ubiquitously expressed CreERT2 induced by tamoxifen treatment starting at 4-weeks of age (harvested at 18-weeks of age). Multiple approaches, including X-ray, micro-CT, calcein and alizarin red double-labeling, scanning electron microscopy, and histological and immunostaining assays, were used to analyze periodontal phenotypes and molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Both Bmp1 KO and double KO mice exhibited severe periodontal defects, characterized by periodontal ligament (PDL) fiber loss and ectopic ossification in the expanded PDL area, and drastic reductions in alveolar bone and cementum volumes, whereas Tll1 KO mice displayed very mild phenotypes. Mechanistic studies revealed a sharp increase in the uncleaved precursor of type I collagen (procollagen I), leading to defective extracellular matrices. CONCLUSIONS BMP1, but not TLL1, is essential for maintaining periodontal homeostasis. This occurs at least partly via biosynthetic processing of procollagen I, thereby maintaining appropriate levels of procollagen I and its activated products such as mature collagen I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nicole A Muench
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dawiyat Massoudi
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daniel S Greenspan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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4
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Bone secreted factors induce cellular quiescence in prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18635. [PMID: 31819067 PMCID: PMC6901558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) undergo a dormant state in the distant metastatic site(s) before becoming overt metastatic diseases. In prostate cancer (PCa), bone metastasis can occur years after prostatectomy, suggesting that bone may provide dormancy-inducing factors. To search for these factors, we prepared conditioned media (CM) from calvariae. Using live-cell imaging, we found that Calvarial-CM treatment increased cellular quiescence in C4-2B4 PCa cells. Mass spectrometry analysis of Calvarial-CM identified 132 secreted factors. Western blot and ELISA analyses confirmed the presence of several factors, including DKK3, BMP1, neogenin and vasorin in the Calvarial-CM. qRT-PCR analysis of total calvariae versus isolated osteoblasts showed that DKK3, BMP1, vasorin and neogenin are mainly expressed by osteoblasts, while MIA, LECT1, NGAL and PEDF are expressed by other calvarial cells. Recombinant human DKK3, BMP1, vasorin, neogenin, MIA and NGAL treatment increased cellular quiescence in both C4-2b and C4-2B4 PCa cells. Mechanistically, DKK3, vasorin and neogenin, but not BMP1, increased dormancy through activating the p38MAPK signaling pathway. Consistently, DKK3, vasorin and neogenin failed to induce dormancy in cells expressing dominant-negative p38αMAPK while BMP1 remained active, suggesting that BMP1 uses an alternative dormancy signaling pathway. Thus, bone secretes multiple dormancy-inducing factors that employ distinct signaling pathways to induce DTC dormancy in bone.
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5
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Gohar O, Weiss T, Wineman E, Kessler E. Ascorbic Acid Promotes Procollagen C‐Proteinase Enhancer 1 Expression, Secretion, and Cell Membrane Localization. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1670-1679. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Gohar
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of MedicineMaurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center Tel‐Hashomer Israel
| | - Tali Weiss
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of MedicineMaurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center Tel‐Hashomer Israel
| | - Eitan Wineman
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of MedicineMaurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center Tel‐Hashomer Israel
| | - Efrat Kessler
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of MedicineMaurice and Gabriela Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center Tel‐Hashomer Israel
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6
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Functional and structural studies of tolloid-like 1 mutants associated with atrial-septal defect 6. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180270. [PMID: 30538173 PMCID: PMC6328869 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactive mammalian tolloid-like 1 (tll1) and mutations detected in tolloid-like 1 (TLL1) have been linked to the lack of the heart septa formation in mice and to a similar human inborn condition called atrial-septal defect 6 (ASD6; OMIM 613087, formerly ASD II). Previously, we reported four point mutations in TLL1 found in approximately 20% of ASD6 patients. Three mutations in the coding sequence were M182L, V238A, and I629V. In this work, we present the effects of these mutations on TLL1 function. Three recombinant cDNA constructs carrying the mutations and one wild-type construct were prepared and then expressed in HT-1080 cells. Corresponding recombinant proteins were analyzed for their metalloendopeptidase activity using a native substrate, chordin. The results of these assays demonstrated that in comparison with the native TLL1, mutants cleaved chordin and procollagen I at significantly lower rates. CD analyses revealed significant structural differences between the higher order structure of wild-type and mutant variants. Moreover, biosensor-based assays of binding interactions between TLL1 variants and chordin demonstrated a significant decrease in the binding affinities of the mutated variants. The results from this work indicate that mutations detected in TLL1 of ASD6 patients altered its metalloendopeptidase activity, structure, and substrate-binding properties, thereby suggesting a possible pathomechanism of ASD6.
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7
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Zhu Q, Guo W, Zhang S, Feng Y, Wang X, Zhou L, Huang GR. Synergistic effect of PCPE1 and sFRP2 on the processing of procollagens via BMP1. FEBS Lett 2018; 593:119-127. [PMID: 30411347 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Procollagen processing is essential for organ development and tissue functions. Both procollagen C-proteinase enhancer 1 (PCPE1) and secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) play vital roles in collagen formation via regulating the procollagen C-proteinase activity of bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1). However, whether the two proteins exert a synergistic effect on BMP1 activity remains unclear. Here, simultaneous knockdown of sFRP2 and PCPE1 led to less collagen formation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and dorsalized phenotypes in zebrafish embryos. Further studies revealed a direct interaction between the Frizzled domain of sFRP2 and the complement/Uegf/BMP-1 domain of PCPE1, which enhances the cleavage activity of BMP1 on procollagen. These results suggest that double silencing of sFRP2 and PCPE1 may provide a strategy for treating fibrosis diseases caused by collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.,National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Guo-Ru Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.,National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
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8
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Cui X, Chang L, Li Y, Lv Q, Wang F, Lin Y, Li W, Meade JD, Walden JC, Liang P. Trivalent soluble TNF Receptor, a potent TNF-α antagonist for the treatment collagen-induced arthritis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7327. [PMID: 29743640 PMCID: PMC5943350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25652-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine which triggers various physiological consequences by binding to and trimerizing its receptors, and has been the single most sought-after drug target for intervening autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. However, current TNF-α blockers, including soluble receptor-Fc fusion and therapeutic antibodies, are all dimeric in structure, whereas their target TNF-α itself is homotrimeric in nature. Here we describe the development of a trivalent soluble TNF receptor and show that it is a more potent than the dimeric TNF receptor decoys in inhibiting TNF-α signaling both in vitro and in vivo. The process involves gene fusion between a soluble receptor TNFRII with a ligand binding domain and a trimerization tag from the C-propeptide of human collagen (Trimer-Tag), which is capable of self-assembly into a covalently linked trimer. We show that the homotrimeric soluble TNF receptor (TNFRII-Trimer) produced with such method is more potent in ligand binding kinetics and cell based bioassays, as well as more efficacious in attenuating collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in a mouse model than its dimeric TNFRII-Fc counterpart. Thus, this work demonstrates the proof of concept of Trimer-Tag and provides a new platform for rational designs of next generation biologic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Cui
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.,Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China.,CloverBiopharmaceuticals, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Linmo Chang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.,CloverBiopharmaceuticals, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qianrui Lv
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yaxian Lin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Weiyang Li
- Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Jonathan D Meade
- GenHunter Corporation, 624 Grassmere Park, Nashville, TN, 37211, USA
| | - Jamie C Walden
- GenHunter Corporation, 624 Grassmere Park, Nashville, TN, 37211, USA
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China. .,CloverBiopharmaceuticals, Chengdu, 610000, China. .,GenHunter Corporation, 624 Grassmere Park, Nashville, TN, 37211, USA.
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9
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Inactivation of bone morphogenetic protein 1 (Bmp1) and tolloid-like 1 (Tll1) in cells expressing type I collagen leads to dental and periodontal defects in mice. J Mol Histol 2016; 48:83-98. [PMID: 28000152 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) and tolloid-like 1 (TLL1) belong to the BMP1/tolloid-like proteinase family, which cleaves secretory proteins. The constitutive deletion of the Bmp1 or Tll1 genes causes perinatal or embryonic lethality in mice. In this study, we first studied the β-galactosidase activity in mice in which an IRES-lacZ-Neo cassette was inserted in the intron of either the Bmp1 or the Tll1 gene; the β-galactosidase activities were used to reflect the expression of endogenous Bmp1 and Tll1, respectively. Our X-gal staining results showed that the odontoblasts in the tooth and cells in the periodontal ligament express both Bmp1 and Tll1. We then created Bmp1 flox/flox and Tll1 flox/flox mice by removing the IRES-lacZ-Neo cassette. By breeding 2.3 kb Col1a1-Cre mice with the Bmp1 flox/flox and Tll1 flox/flox mice, we further generated Col1a1-Cre;Bmp1 flox/flox ;Tll1 flox/flox mice in which both Bmp1 and Tll1 were inactivated in the Type I collagen-expressing cells. We employed X-ray radiography, histology and immunohistochemistry approaches to characterize the Col1a1-Cre;Bmp1 flox/flox ;Tll1 flox/flox mice. Our results showed that the molars of the Col1a1-Cre;Bmp1 flox/flox ;Tll1 flox/flox mice had wider predentin, thinner dentin and larger pulp chambers than those of the normal controls. The dentinal tubules of the molars in the Col1a1-Cre;Bmp1 flox/flox ;Tll1 flox/flox mice appeared disorganized. The level of dentin sialophosphoprotein in the molars of the 6-week-old Col1a1-Cre;Bmp1 flox/flox ;Tll1 flox/flox mice was lower than in the normal controls. The periodontal ligaments of the Col1a1-Cre;Bmp1 flox/flox ;Tll1 flox/flox mice were disorganized and had less fibrillin-1. Our findings indicate that the proteinases encoded by Bmp1 and Tll1 genes play essential roles in the development and maintenance of mouse dentin and periodontal ligaments.
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10
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Muir AM, Massoudi D, Nguyen N, Keene DR, Lee SJ, Birk DE, Davidson JM, Marinkovich MP, Greenspan DS. BMP1-like proteinases are essential to the structure and wound healing of skin. Matrix Biol 2016; 56:114-131. [PMID: 27363389 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Closely related extracellular metalloproteinases bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) and mammalian Tolloid-like 1 (mTLL1) are co-expressed in various tissues and have been suggested to have overlapping roles in the biosynthetic processing of extracellular matrix components. Early lethality of mice null for the BMP1 gene Bmp1 or the mTLL1 gene Tll1 has impaired in vivo studies of these proteinases. To overcome issues of early lethality and functional redundancy we developed the novel BTKO mouse strain, with floxed Bmp1 and Tll1 alleles, for induction of postnatal, simultaneous ablation of the two genes. We previously showed these mice to have a skeletal phenotype that includes elements of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), osteomalacia, and deficient osteocyte maturation, observations validated by the finding of BMP1 mutations in a subset of human patients with OI-like phenotypes. However, the roles of BMP1-like proteinase in non-skeletal tissues have yet to be explored, despite the supposed importance of putative substrates of these proteinases in such tissues. Here, we employ BTKO mice to investigate potential roles for these proteinases in skin. Loss of BMP1-like proteinase activity is shown to result in markedly thinned and fragile skin with unusually densely packed collagen fibrils and delayed wound healing. We demonstrate deficits in the processing of collagens I and III, decorin, biglycan, and laminin 332 in skin, which indicate mechanisms whereby BMP1-like proteinases affect the biology of this tissue. In contrast, lack of effects on collagen VII processing or deposition indicates this putative substrate to be biosynthetically processed by non-BMP1-like proteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Muir
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dawiyat Massoudi
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ngon Nguyen
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Dermatology, VA Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Douglas R Keene
- Microimaging Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - M Peter Marinkovich
- Program in Epithelial Biology and Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Dermatology, VA Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Daniel S Greenspan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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11
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Bayley CP, Ruiz Nivia HD, Dajani R, Jowitt TA, Collins RF, Rada H, Bird LE, Baldock C. Diversity between mammalian tolloid proteinases: Oligomerisation and non-catalytic domains influence activity and specificity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21456. [PMID: 26902455 PMCID: PMC4763255 DOI: 10.1038/srep21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian tolloid family of metalloproteinases is essential for tissue patterning and extracellular matrix assembly. The four members of the family: bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1), mammalian tolloid (mTLD), tolloid-like (TLL)-1 and TLL-2 differ in their substrate specificity and activity levels, despite sharing similar domain organization. We have previously described a model of substrate exclusion by dimerisation to explain differences in the activities of monomeric BMP-1 and dimers of mTLD and TLL-1. Here we show that TLL-2, the least active member of the tolloid family, is predominantly monomeric in solution, therefore it appears unlikely that substrate exclusion via dimerisation is a mechanism for regulating TLL-2 activity. X-ray scattering and electron microscopy structural and biophysical analyses reveal an elongated shape for the monomer and flexibility in the absence of calcium. Furthermore, we show that TLL-2 can cleave chordin in vitro, similar to other mammalian tolloids, but truncated forms of TLL-2 mimicking BMP-1 are unable to cleave chordin. However, both the N- and C-terminal non-catalytic domains from all mammalian tolloids bind chordin with high affinity. The mechanisms underlying substrate specificity and activity in the tolloid family are complex with variation between family members and depend on both multimerisation and substrate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Bayley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hilda D. Ruiz Nivia
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rana Dajani
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Thomas A. Jowitt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard F. Collins
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Heather Rada
- OPPF-UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Louise E. Bird
- OPPF-UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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12
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Lei X, Cui K, Li Z, Su J, Jiang J, Zhang H, Liu Q, Shi D. BMP-1 participates in the selection and dominance of buffalo follicles by regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2015; 85:999-1012. [PMID: 26778140 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BMP1/TLD-related metalloproteinases play a key role in morphogenesis via the proteolytic maturation of a number of extracellular matrix proteins and the activation of a subset of growth factors of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. Recent data indicated that BMP1 is expressed in sheep ovarian follicles and showed a protease activity. The aim of the present study was to characterize the function of the buffalo BMP1 gene in folliculogenesis. A 3195-bp buffalo BMP1 mRNA fragment was firstly cloned and sequenced, which contained a whole 2967-bp codon sequence. The multialigned results suggested that BMP1 is highly conserved among different species both at the nucleic acid and the amino acid level. BMP1 is located in the oogonium of the fetal buffalo ovary and in the granulosa cells (GCs) and the oocytes of adult ovary from the primordial to the large antral follicles. Further study showed that BMP1 promoted cell cycle and proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in IVC GCs. Adding BMP1 recombinant protein to the culture medium of the GCs increased the expression of the key cell cycle regulators such as cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 and downregulated the expression of cell apoptosis pathway genes such as Cytochrome C, Fas, FasL, and Chop, both at the mRNA and at the protein levels. It also upregulated the expression of PAPP-A, IGF system, and VEGF, and so forth, which play important roles in the selection and dominance of growth follicles. The opposite results were observed by adding BMP1 antibody to the investigation groups. This study suggests that BMP1 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of IVC GCs by changing the expression pattern of related genes and may potentially promote the selection and dominance of the buffalo follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocan Lei
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kuiqing Cui
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Su
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianrong Jiang
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haihang Zhang
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Science Department, Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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13
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Nagasawa T, Kawaguchi M, Sano K, Yasumasu S. Sturgeon hatching enzyme and the mechanism of egg envelope digestion: Insight into changes in the mechanism of egg envelope digestion during the evolution of ray-finned fish. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2015; 324:720-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Nagasawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; Japan
| | - Mari Kawaguchi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama; Japan
| | - Shigeki Yasumasu
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; Japan
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14
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Syx D, Guillemyn B, Symoens S, Sousa AB, Medeira A, Whiteford M, Hermanns-Lê T, Coucke PJ, De Paepe A, Malfait F. Defective Proteolytic Processing of Fibrillar Procollagens and Prodecorin Due to Biallelic BMP1 Mutations Results in a Severe, Progressive Form of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1445-56. [PMID: 25656619 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the vast majority of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is caused by autosomal dominant defects in the genes encoding type I procollagen, mutations in a myriad of genes affecting type I procollagen biosynthesis or bone formation and homeostasis have now been associated with rare autosomal recessive OI forms. Recently, homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in BMP1, encoding the metalloproteases bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP1) and its longer isoform mammalian Tolloid (mTLD), were identified in 5 children with a severe autosomal recessive form of OI and in 4 individuals with mild to moderate bone fragility. BMP1/mTLD functions as the procollagen carboxy-(C)-proteinase for types I to III procollagen but was also suggested to participate in amino-(N)-propeptide cleavage of types V and XI procollagens and in proteolytic trimming of other extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates. We report the phenotypic characteristics and natural history of 4 adults with severe, progressive OI characterized by numerous fractures, short stature with rhizomelic shortening, and deformity of the limbs and variable kyphoscoliosis, in whom we identified novel biallelic missense and frameshift mutations in BMP1. We show that BMP1/mTLD-deficiency in humans not only results in delayed cleavage of the type I procollagen C-propeptide but also hampers the processing of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan prodecorin, a regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis. Immunofluorescent staining of types I and V collagen and transmission electron microscopy of the dermis show impaired assembly of heterotypic type I/V collagen fibrils in the ECM. Our study thus highlights the severe and progressive nature of BMP1-associated OI in adults and broadens insights into the functional consequences of BMP1/mTLD-deficiency on ECM organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brecht Guillemyn
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Department of Genetics, Hospital de Santa Maria de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Medeira
- Department of Genetics, Hospital de Santa Maria de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margo Whiteford
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Trinh Hermanns-Lê
- Department of Dermatopathology, Liège University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases synchronize matrix assembly with growth factor activation to promote morphogenesis and tissue remodeling. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Haselman JT, Olmstead AW, Degitz SJ. Global gene expression during early differentiation of Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis gonad tissues. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 214:103-13. [PMID: 24960269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
African clawed frog Xenopus sp. is used extensively for developmental biology and toxicology research. Amid concerns of environmental pollutants disrupting endocrine systems and causing altered reproductive development in wildlife, eco-toxicology research has led to a focus on linking molecular initiating events to population-level effects. As such, efforts to better understand reproductive development at the molecular level in these model species are warranted. To that end, transcriptomes were characterized in differentiating Xenopus tropicalis gonad tissues at Nieuwkoop and Faber (NF) stage 58 (pro-metamorphosis), NF66 (completion of metamorphosis), 1week post-metamorphosis (1WPM), and 2weeks post-metamorphosis (2WPM). Differential expression analysis between tissue types at each developmental stage revealed a substantial divergence of ovary and testis transcriptomes starting between NF58 and NF66; transcriptomes continued to diverge through 2WPM. Generally, testis-enriched transcripts were expressed at relatively constant levels, while ovary-enriched transcripts were up-regulated within this developmental period. Functional analyses of differentially expressed transcripts allowed linkages to be made between their putative human orthologues and specific cellular processes associated with differentiating gonad tissues. In ovary tissue, genetic programs direct germ cells through meiosis to the diplotene stage when maternal mRNAs are transcribed and trafficked to oocytes for translation following fertilization. In the testis, gene expression is consistent with connective tissue development, tubule formation, and germ cell support (Leydig and Sertoli cells). This dataset exhibited remarkable consistency with transcript profiles previously described in gonad tissues across species, and emphasizes the universal importance of certain transcripts for germ cell development and preparation of these tissues for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Haselman
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Allen W Olmstead
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Sigmund J Degitz
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
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17
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Delolme F, Anastasi C, Alcaraz LB, Mendoza V, Vadon-Le Goff S, Talantikite M, Capomaccio R, Mevaere J, Fortin L, Mazzocut D, Damour O, Zanella-Cléon I, Hulmes DJS, Overall CM, Valcourt U, Lopez-Casillas F, Moali C. Proteolytic control of TGF-β co-receptor activity by BMP-1/tolloid-like proteases revealed by quantitative iTRAQ proteomics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1009-27. [PMID: 25260970 PMCID: PMC11113849 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The metalloproteinase BMP-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-1) plays a major role in the control of extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly and growth factor activation. Most of the growth factors activated by BMP-1 are members of the TGF-β superfamily known to regulate multiple biological processes including embryonic development, wound healing, inflammation and tumor progression. In this study, we used an iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)-based quantitative proteomic approach to reveal the release of proteolytic fragments from the cell surface or the ECM by BMP-1. Thirty-eight extracellular proteins were found in significantly higher or lower amounts in the conditioned medium of HT1080 cells overexpressing BMP-1 and thus, could be considered as candidate substrates. Strikingly, three of these new candidates (betaglycan, CD109 and neuropilin-1) were TGF-β co-receptors, also acting as antagonists when released from the cell surface, and were chosen for further substrate validation. Betaglycan and CD109 proved to be directly cleaved by BMP-1 and the corresponding cleavage sites were extensively characterized using a new mass spectrometry approach. Furthermore, we could show that the ability of betaglycan and CD109 to interact with TGF-β was altered after cleavage by BMP-1, leading to increased and prolonged SMAD2 phosphorylation in BMP-1-overexpressing cells. Betaglycan processing was also observed in primary corneal keratocytes, indicating a general and novel mechanism by which BMP-1 directly affects signaling by controlling TGF-β co-receptor activity. The proteomic data have been submitted to ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD000786 and doi: 10.6019/PXD000786 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Delolme
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
- Centre Commun de Microanalyse des Protéines, UMS 3444, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Anastasi
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Lindsay B. Alcaraz
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Mendoza
- Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510 Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sandrine Vadon-Le Goff
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Maya Talantikite
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Robin Capomaccio
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Jimmy Mevaere
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Laëtitia Fortin
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Mazzocut
- Centre Commun de Microanalyse des Protéines, UMS 3444, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Odile Damour
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
- Banque de Tissus et Cellules, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Zanella-Cléon
- Centre Commun de Microanalyse des Protéines, UMS 3444, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - David J. S. Hulmes
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
| | | | - Ulrich Valcourt
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Fernando Lopez-Casillas
- Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510 Mexico, Mexico
| | - Catherine Moali
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 69367 Lyon, France
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18
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Trackman PC, Kantarci A. Molecular and clinical aspects of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. J Dent Res 2015; 94:540-6. [PMID: 25680368 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515571265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a tissue-specific condition and is estimated to affect approximately one million North Americans. Lesions occur principally as side-effects from phenytoin, nifedipine, or ciclosporin therapy in approximately half of the people who take these agents. Due to new indications for these drugs, their use continues to grow. Here, we review the molecular and cellular characteristics of human gingival overgrowth lesions and highlight how they differ considerably as a function of the causative drug. Analyses of molecular signaling pathways in cultured human gingival fibroblasts have provided evidence for their unique aspects compared with fibroblasts from the lung and kidney. These findings provide insights into both the basis for tissue specificity and into possible therapeutic opportunities which are reviewed here. Although ciclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth lesions exhibit principally the presence of inflammation and little fibrosis, nifedipine- and especially phenytoin-induced lesions are highly fibrotic. The increased expression of markers of gingival fibrosis, particularly CCN2 [also known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)], markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and more recently periostin and members of the lysyl oxidase family of enzymes have been documented in phenytoin or nifedipine lesions. Some oral fibrotic conditions such as leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis, after subsequent additional genetic damage, can develop into oral cancer. Since many pathways are shared, the study of gingival fibrosis and comparisons with characteristics and molecular drivers of oral cancer would likely enhance understandings and functional roles of molecular drivers of these oral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Trackman
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Periodontology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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19
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Winstanley J, Sawala A, Baldock C, Ashe HL. Synthetic enzyme-substrate tethering obviates the Tolloid-ECM interaction during Drosophila BMP gradient formation. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25642644 PMCID: PMC4337604 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Tolloid family of metalloproteinases liberate BMPs from inhibitory complexes to regulate BMP gradient formation during embryonic dorsal-ventral axis patterning. Here, we determine mechanistically how Tolloid activity is regulated by its non-catalytic CUB domains in the Drosophila embryo. We show that Tolloid, via its N-terminal CUB domains, interacts with Collagen IV, which enhances Tolloid activity towards its substrate Sog, and facilitates Tsg-dependent stimulation of cleavage. In contrast, the two most C-terminal Tld CUB domains mediate Sog interaction to facilitate its processing as, based on our structural data, Tolloid curvature positions bound Sog in proximity to the protease domain. Having ascribed functions to the Tolloid non-catalytic domains, we recapitulate embryonic BMP gradient formation in their absence, by artificially tethering the Tld protease domain to Sog. Our studies highlight how the bipartite function of Tolloid CUB domains, in substrate and ECM interactions, fine-tune protease activity to a particular developmental context. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05508.001 The body of an animal is a highly organised structure of tissues and organs that contain cells with specialised roles. To achieve this level of organisation, it is important that the cells in the embryo know their location and receive the correct instructions on how to develop, when to divide or move. Many animals are roughly symmetrical about an imaginary line that runs from their head to their tail; a developing embryo can provide its cells with information about their position along this head-to-tail axis and the axis that runs from its front to its back. Setting up the front-to-back axis in the embryo involves a family of proteins called the bone morphogenetic proteins (or BMPs). These proteins can bind to other proteins that act as signals to provide instructions to cells. However, many of the BMPs are unable to perform this job because they are trapped by inhibitory molecules that bind to them instead. Enzymes belonging to the Tolloid family can break down these inhibitors to release the BMPs. Together, the inhibitors and Tolloid enzymes create a gradient of BMP activity across the embryo. The side of the embryo with the highest levels of active BMPs sets the position of the back of the body, while the opposite side—which has the lowest levels of active BMPs—becomes the front. However, it is not clear how Tolloid is controlled to create the BMP gradient. Different parts of the Tolloid enzyme have different roles; one portion of the enzyme breaks down the inhibitory molecules, and there are also several so-called ‘non-catalytic domains’. Winstanley et al. used a combination of approaches to study how Tolloid is controlled in fruit fly embryos. The experiments show that two non-catalytic domains at one end of Tolloid help the enzyme to bind to the inhibitory molecules. At the other end of the Tolloid enzyme, another non-catalytic domain can bind to a structural protein called Collagen IV. This enhances the ability of the enzyme to break down the inhibitory molecules and release the BMPs. These findings reveal how Tolloid's non-catalytic domains can fine-tune the activity of this enzyme to create the gradient of BMP activity that is needed to set the front-to-back direction in animal embryos. Future studies will focus on identifying other proteins that bind to the non-catalytic domains of Tolloid in order to further control its activity during development. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05508.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Winstanley
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Annick Sawala
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary L Ashe
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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20
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Symoens S, Hulmes DJS, Bourhis JM, Coucke PJ, De Paepe A, Malfait F. Type I procollagen C-propeptide defects: study of genotype-phenotype correlation and predictive role of crystal structure. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:1330-41. [PMID: 25146735 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The type I procollagen carboxyterminal(C-)propeptides are crucial in directing correct assembly of the procollagen heterotrimers. Defects in these domains have anecdotally been reported in patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) and few genotype-phenotype correlations have been described. To gain insight in the functional consequences of C-propeptide defects, we performed a systematic review of clinical, molecular, and biochemical findings in all patients in whom we identified a type I procollagen C-propeptide defect, and compared this with literature data. We report 30 unique type I procollagen C-propeptide variants, 24 of which are novel. The outcome of COL1A1 nonsense and frameshift variants depends on the location of the premature termination codon. Those located prior to 50-55 nucleotides upstream of the most 3' exon-exon junction lead to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and cause mild OI. Those located beyond this boundary escape NMD, generally lead to production of stable, overmodified procollagen chains, which may partly be retained intracellularly, and are usually associated with severe-to-lethal OI. Proα1(I)-C-propeptide defects that permit chain association result in more severe phenotypes than those inhibiting chain association. We demonstrate that the crystal structure of the proα1(III)-C-propeptide is a reliable tool to predict phenotypic severity for most COL1A1-C-propeptide missense variants, whereas for COL1A2-C-propeptide variants, the phenotypic outcome is milder than predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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The NTR domain of procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 (PCPE-1) mediates PCPE-1 binding to syndecans-1, -2 and -4 as well as fibronectin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 57:45-53. [PMID: 25286301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer 1 (PCPE-1) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that can stimulate procollagen processing by procollagen C-proteinases (PCPs) such as bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1). PCPE-1 consists of two CUB domains that bind to the procollagen C-propeptide and are responsible for enhancing activity and a netrin-like (NTR) domain that binds to BMP-1 as well as heparin and heparan sulfate. The NTR domain also mediates binding of PCPE-1 to cells, an interaction inhibited by heparin, thus suggesting involvement of cell membrane heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Using pull-down experiments and an ELISA type binding assay we show here that PCPE-1 binds to three cell membrane HSPGs, syndecans-1, -2 and -4. We also demonstrate that this binding is mediated by the NTR domain and depends on the glycosaminoglycan chains of the syndecans. Using co-immunoprecipitation and an ELISA type binding assay we show that PCPE-1 can also bind fibronectin (an established binding partner of BMP-1), another interaction involving the NTR domain. Consistently, fibronectin inhibits cell attachment to PCPE-1 although it does not affect PCPE-1 enhancing activity. PCPE-1 is not an adhesive protein since cell attachment to PCPE-1 is not associated with cell spreading and/or actin filaments formation. The results suggest that PCPE-1 binding to syndecans and/or fibronectin may control collagen fibril assembly on the cell surface. Further characterization of these interactions may pave the way for future design of new means to modulate collagen deposition in pathological conditions such as fibrosis.
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22
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Muir AM, Ren Y, Butz DH, Davis NA, Blank RD, Birk DE, Lee SJ, Rowe D, Feng JQ, Greenspan DS. Induced ablation of Bmp1 and Tll1 produces osteogenesis imperfecta in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3085-101. [PMID: 24419319 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is most often caused by dominant mutations in the collagen I genes COL1A1/COL1A2, whereas rarer recessive OI is often caused by mutations in genes encoding collagen I-interacting proteins. Recently, mutations in the gene for the proteinase bone morphogenetic 1 (BMP1) were reported in two recessive OI families. BMP1 and the closely related proteinase mammalian tolloid-like 1 (mTLL1) are co-expressed in various tissues, including bone, and have overlapping activities that include biosynthetic processing of procollagen precursors into mature collagen monomers. However, early lethality of Bmp1- and Tll1-null mice has precluded use of such models for careful study of in vivo roles of their protein products. Here we employ novel mouse strains with floxed Bmp1 and Tll1 alleles to induce postnatal, simultaneous ablation of the two genes, thus avoiding barriers of Bmp1(-/-) and Tll1(-/-) lethality and issues of functional redundancy. Bones of the conditionally null mice are dramatically weakened and brittle, with spontaneous fractures-defining features of OI. Additional skeletal features include osteomalacia, thinned/porous cortical bone, reduced processing of procollagen and dentin matrix protein 1, remarkably high bone turnover and defective osteocyte maturation that is accompanied by decreased expression of the osteocyte marker and Wnt-signaling inhibitor sclerostin, and by marked induction of canonical Wnt signaling. The novel animal model presented here provides new opportunities for in-depth analyses of in vivo roles of BMP1-like proteinases in bone and other tissues, and for their roles, and for possible therapeutic interventions, in OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Muir
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Delana Hopkins Butz
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas A Davis
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert D Blank
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA and
| | - David Rowe
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Biomaterials and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel S Greenspan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
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23
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Tremmel DM, Resad S, Little CJ, Wesley CS. Notch and PKC are involved in formation of the lateral region of the dorso-ventral axis in Drosophila embryos. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67789. [PMID: 23861806 PMCID: PMC3701627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved cell surface receptor that generates regulatory signals based on interactions between neighboring cells. In Drosophila embryos it is normally expressed at a low level due to strong negative regulation. When this negative regulation is abrogated neurogenesis in the ventral region is suppressed, the development of lateral epidermis is severely disrupted, and the dorsal aminoserosa is expanded. Of these phenotypes only the anti-neurogenic phenotype could be linked to excess canonical Notch signaling. The other phenotypes were linked to high levels of Notch protein expression at the surface of cells in the lateral regions indicating that a non-canonical Notch signaling activity normally functions in these regions. Results of our studies reported here provide evidence. They show that Notch activities are inextricably linked to that of Pkc98E, the homolog of mammalian PKCδ. Notch and Pkc98E up-regulate the levels of the phosphorylated form of IκBCactus, a negative regulator of Toll signaling, and Mothers against dpp (MAD), an effector of Dpp signaling. Our data suggest that in the lateral regions of the Drosophila embryos Notch activity, in conjunction with Pkc98E activity, is used to form the slopes of the opposing gradients of Toll and Dpp signaling that specify cell fates along the dorso-ventral axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Tremmel
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sedat Resad
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Little
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cedric S. Wesley
- Departments of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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24
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Moran Y, Praher D, Schlesinger A, Ayalon A, Tal Y, Technau U. Analysis of soluble protein contents from the nematocysts of a model sea anemone sheds light on venom evolution. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 15:329-339. [PMID: 23151943 PMCID: PMC3627010 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The nematocyst is one of the most complex intracellular structures found in nature and is the defining feature of the phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids). This miniature stinging organelle contains and delivers venom into prey and foe yet little is known about its toxic components. In the present study, we identified by tandem mass spectrometry 20 proteins released upon discharge from the nematocyst of the model sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. The availability of genomic and transcriptomic data for this species enabled accurate identification and phylogenetic study of these components. Fourteen of these proteins could not be identified in other animals suggesting that they might be the products of taxonomically restricted genes, a finding which fits well their origin from a taxon-specific organelle. Further, we studied by in situ hybridization the localization of two of the transcripts encoding the putative nematocyst venom proteins: a metallopeptidase related to the Tolloid family and a cysteine-rich protein. Both transcripts were detected in nematocytes, which are the cells containing nematocysts, and the metallopeptidase was found also in pharyngeal gland cells. Our findings reveal for the first time the possible venom components of a sea anemone nematocyst and suggest their evolutionary origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehu Moran
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer grasps the stalk of the C-propeptide trimer to boost collagen precursor maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6394-9. [PMID: 23550162 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300480110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of collagen fibril deposition in the extracellular matrix is essential for normal tissue homeostasis and repair, defects in which are associated with several degenerative or fibrotic disorders. A key regulatory step in collagen fibril assembly is the C-terminal proteolytic processing of soluble procollagen precursors. This step, carried out mainly by bone morphogenetic protein-1/tolloid-like proteinases, is itself subject to regulation by procollagen C-proteinase enhancer proteins (PCPEs) which can dramatically increase bone morphogenetic protein-1/tolloid-like proteinase activity, in a substrate-specific manner. Although it is known that this enhancing activity requires binding of PCPE to the procollagen C-propeptide trimer, identification of the precise binding site has so far remained elusive. Here, use of small-angle X-ray scattering provides structural data on this protein complex indicating that PCPE binds to the stalk region of the procollagen C-propeptide trimer, where the three polypeptide chains associate together, at the junction with the base region. This is supported by site-directed mutagenesis, which identifies two highly conserved, surface-exposed lysine residues in this region of the trimer that are essential for binding, thus revealing structural parallels with the interactions of Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, BMP-1 (CUB) domain-containing proteins in diverse biological systems such as complement activation, receptor signaling, and transport. Together with detailed kinetics and interaction analysis, these results provide insights into the mechanism of action of PCPEs and suggest clear strategies for the development of novel antifibrotic therapies.
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26
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Bourhis JM, Mariano N, Zhao Y, Harlos K, Exposito JY, Jones EY, Moali C, Aghajari N, Hulmes DJS. Structural basis of fibrillar collagen trimerization and related genetic disorders. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2012; 19:1031-6. [PMID: 23001006 PMCID: PMC3465578 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The C propeptides of fibrillar procollagens have crucial roles in tissue growth and repair by controlling both the intracellular assembly of procollagen molecules and the extracellular assembly of collagen fibrils. Mutations in C propeptides are associated with several, often lethal, genetic disorders affecting bone, cartilage, blood vessels and skin. Here we report the crystal structure of a C-propeptide domain from human procollagen III. It reveals an exquisite structural mechanism of chain recognition during intracellular trimerization of the procollagen molecule. It also gives insights into why some types of collagen consist of three identical polypeptide chains, whereas others do not. Finally, the data show striking correlations between the sites of numerous disease-related mutations in different C-propeptide domains and the degree of phenotype severity. The results have broad implications for understanding genetic disorders of connective tissues and designing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Bourhis
- Formation de Recherche en Evolution 3310, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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27
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Bourhis JM, Mariano N, Zhao Y, Walter TS, El Omari K, Delolme F, Moali C, Hulmes DJS, Aghajari N. Production and crystallization of the C-propeptide trimer from human procollagen III. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1209-13. [PMID: 23027749 PMCID: PMC3497981 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112035294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The C-propeptide domains of the fibrillar procollagens, which are present throughout the Metazoa in the form of ∼90 kDa trimers, play crucial roles in both intracellular molecular assembly and extracellular formation of collagen fibrils. The first crystallization of a C-propeptide domain, that from human procollagen III, is described. Following transient expression in mammalian 293T cells of both the native protein and a selenomethionine derivative, two crystal forms of the homotrimer were obtained: an orthorhombic form (P2(1)2(1)2(1)) that diffracted to 1.7 Å resolution and a trigonal form (P321) that diffracted to 3.5 Å resolution. Characterization by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry allowed the efficiency of selenomethionine incorporation to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-M. Bourhis
- FRE 3310, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon CEDEX 7, France
- Biologie Structurale des Interactions entre Virus et Cellule-Hôte, Université Joseph Fourier/European Molecular Biology Laboratory/CNRS UMI3265, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - N. Mariano
- FRE 3310, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon CEDEX 7, France
| | - Y. Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, England
| | - T. S. Walter
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, England
| | - K. El Omari
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, England
| | - F. Delolme
- FR3302, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon CEDEX 7, France
| | - C. Moali
- FRE 3310, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon CEDEX 7, France
| | - D. J. S. Hulmes
- FRE 3310, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon CEDEX 7, France
| | - N. Aghajari
- UMR5086, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon CEDEX 7, France
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28
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Chiao YA, Ramirez TA, Zamilpa R, Okoronkwo SM, Dai Q, Zhang J, Jin YF, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deletion attenuates myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in ageing mice. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:444-55. [PMID: 22918978 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Age-related diastolic dysfunction has been attributed to an increased passive stiffness, which is regulated by extracellular matrix (ECM). We recently showed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, an ECM mediator, increases in the left ventricle (LV) with age. The aim of this study, accordingly, was to determine the role of MMP-9 in cardiac ageing. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared LV function in young (6-9 months), middle-aged (12-15 months), old (18-24 months) and senescent (26-34 months) wild-type (WT) and MMP-9 null mice (n ≥ 12/group). All groups had similar fractional shortenings and aortic peak velocities, indicating that systolic function was not altered by ageing or MMP-9 deletion. The mitral ratios of early to late diastolic filling velocities were reduced in old and senescent WT compared with young controls, and this reduction was attenuated in MMP-9 null mice. Concomitantly, the increase in LV collagen content was reduced in MMP-9 null mice (n = 5-6/group). To dissect the mechanisms of these changes, we evaluated the mRNA expression levels of 84 ECM and adhesion molecules by real-time qPCR (n = 6/group). The expression of pro-fibrotic periostin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) increased with senescence, as did transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced protein levels and Smad signalling, and these increases were blunted by MMP-9 deletion. In senescence, MMP-9 deletion also resulted in a compensatory increase in MMP-8. CONCLUSION MMP-9 deletion attenuates the age-related decline in diastolic function, in part by reducing TGF-β signalling-induced periostin and CTGF expression and increasing MMP-8 expression to regulate myocardial collagen turnover and deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ann Chiao
- San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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29
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Kenny AP, Rankin SA, Allbee AW, Prewitt AR, Zhang Z, Tabangin ME, Shifley ET, Louza MP, Zorn AM. Sizzled-tolloid interactions maintain foregut progenitors by regulating fibronectin-dependent BMP signaling. Dev Cell 2012; 23:292-304. [PMID: 22863744 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The liver, pancreas, and lungs are induced from endoderm progenitors by a series of dynamic growth factor signals from the mesoderm, but how the temporal-spatial activity of these signals is controlled is poorly understood. We have identified an extracellular regulatory loop required for robust bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the Xenopus foregut. We show that BMP signaling is required to maintain foregut progenitors and induce expression of the secreted frizzled related protein Sizzled (Szl) and the extracellular metalloprotease Tolloid-like 1 (Tll1). Szl negatively regulates Tll activity to control deposition of a fibronectin (FN) matrix between the mesoderm and endoderm, which is required to maintain BMP signaling. Foregut-specific Szl depletion results in a loss of the FN matrix and failure to maintain robust pSmad1 levels, causing a loss of foregut gene expression and organ agenesis. These results have implications for BMP signaling in diverse contexts and the differentiation of foregut tissue from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Kenny
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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30
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Bijakowski C, Vadon-Le Goff S, Delolme F, Bourhis JM, Lécorché P, Ruggiero F, Becker-Pauly C, Yiallouros I, Stöcker W, Dive V, Hulmes DJS, Moali C. Sizzled is unique among secreted frizzled-related proteins for its ability to specifically inhibit bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1)/tolloid-like proteinases. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:33581-93. [PMID: 22825851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.380816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases (BTPs) are major enzymes involved in extracellular matrix assembly and activation of bioactive molecules, both growth factors and anti-angiogenic molecules. Although the control of BTP activity by several enhancing molecules is well established, the possibility that regulation also occurs through endogenous inhibitors is still debated. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) have been studied as possible candidates, with highly contradictory results, after the demonstration that sizzled, a sFRP found in Xenopus and zebrafish, was a potent inhibitor of Xenopus and zebrafish tolloid-like proteases. In this study, we demonstrate that mammalian sFRP-1, -2, and -4 do not modify human BMP-1 activity on several of its known substrates including procollagen I, procollagen III, pN-collagen V, and prolysyl oxidase. In contrast, Xenopus sizzled appears as a tight binding inhibitor of human BMP-1, with a K(i) of 1.5 ± 0.5 nM, and is shown to strongly inhibit other human tolloid isoforms mTLD and mTLL-1. Because sizzled is the most potent inhibitor of human tolloid-like proteinases known to date, we have studied its mechanism of action in detail and shown that the frizzled domain of sizzled is both necessary and sufficient for inhibitory activity and that it acts directly on the catalytic domain of BMP-1. Residues in sizzled required for inhibition include Asp-92, which is shared by sFRP-1 and -2, and also Phe-94, Ser-43, and Glu-44, which are specific to sizzled, thereby providing a rational basis for the absence of inhibitory activity of human sFRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bijakowski
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université de Lyon FRE3310/FR3302, 69367 Lyon cedex 7, France
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