1
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Hou H, Ji Y, Pan Y, Wang L, Liang Y. Persistent organic pollutants and metabolic diseases: From the perspective of lipid droplets. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:124980. [PMID: 39293651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The characteristic of semi-volatility enables persistent organic pollutants (POPs) almost ubiquitous in the environment. There is increasing concern about the potential risks of exposure to POPs due to their lipophilicity and readily bioaccumulation. Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly dynamic lipid storage organelles, alterations of intracellular LDs play a vital role in the progression of many prevalent metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This article systematically reviewed the biological processes involved in LDs metabolism, the role of LDs proteins and LDs in metabolic diseases, and summarized updating researches on involvement of POPs in the progression of LDs-related metabolic diseases and potential mechanisms. POPs might change the physiological functions of LDs, also interfere the processes of adipogenesis and lipolysis by altering LDs synthesis, decomposition and function. However, further studies are still needed to explore the underlying mechanism of POPs-induced metabolic diseases, which can offer scientific evidences for metabolic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yaoting Ji
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
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2
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Avalos-Hernandez A, Juarez-Navarro K, Ruiz-Baca E, Meneses-Morales I, Espino-Saldaña E, Martinez-Torres A, Lopez-Rodriguez A. Unlocking cellular traffic jams: olive oil-mediated rescue of CNG mutant channels. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1408156. [PMID: 39119605 PMCID: PMC11306028 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1408156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the reasons to suggest olive oil consumption for a healthy life is its potential to induce robust lipidomic remodeling through membrane modification by dietary lipids. This remodeling might, in turn, modulate essential lipid-protein interactions while maintaining accurate transmembrane protein/domain orientation. Oleic acid, the primary compound in olive oil, has been suggested as a modulator of ion channel function. In this study, we explored whether this lipid could rescue the trafficking of mutated transmembrane proteins. In our initial approach, we supplemented the cell culture medium of HEK-293 cells expressing cyclic nucleotide channels tagged using green fluorescent protein (CNG-GFP) with olive oil or oleic acid. In addition to wild-type channels, we also expressed R272Q and R278W mutant channels, two non-functional intracellularly retained channels related to retinopathies. We used fluorescence microscopy and patch-clamp in the inside-out configuration to assess changes in the cell localization and function of the tested channels. Our results demonstrated that olive oil and oleic acid facilitated the transport of cyclic nucleotide-gated R272Q mutant channels towards the plasma membrane, rendering them electrophysiologically functional. Thus, our findings reveal a novel property of olive oil as a membrane protein traffic inductor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Juarez-Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Estela Ruiz-Baca
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Ivan Meneses-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Edith Espino-Saldaña
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Campus Juriquilla, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Ataulfo Martinez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Campus Juriquilla, Juriquilla, Mexico
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3
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Wagner PM, Fornasier SJ, Guido ME. Pharmacological Modulation of the Cytosolic Oscillator Affects Glioblastoma Cell Biology. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:51. [PMID: 38907776 PMCID: PMC11193694 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The circadian system is a conserved time-keeping machinery that regulates a wide range of processes such as sleep/wake, feeding/fasting, and activity/rest cycles to coordinate behavior and physiology. Circadian disruption can be a contributing factor in the development of metabolic diseases, inflammatory disorders, and higher risk of cancer. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive grade 4 brain tumor that is resistant to conventional therapies and has a poor prognosis after diagnosis, with a median survival of only 12-15 months. GBM cells kept in culture were shown to contain a functional circadian oscillator. In seeking more efficient therapies with lower side effects, we evaluated the pharmacological modulation of the circadian clock by targeting the cytosolic kinases glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and casein kinase 1 ε/δ (CK1ε/δ) with specific inhibitors (CHIR99021 and PF670462, respectively), the cryptochrome protein stabilizer (KL001), or circadian disruption after Per2 knockdown expression in GBM-derived cells. CHIR99021-treated cells had a significant effect on cell viability, clock protein expression, migration, and cell cycle distribution. Moreover, cultures exhibited higher levels of reactive oxygen species and alterations in lipid droplet content after GSK-3 inhibition compared to control cells. The combined treatment of CHIR99021 with temozolomide was found to improve the effect on cell viability compared to temozolomide therapy alone. Per2 disruption affected both GBM migration and cell cycle progression. Overall, our results suggest that pharmacological modulation or molecular clock disruption severely affects GBM cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Wagner
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Santiago J Fornasier
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mario E Guido
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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4
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Gandhi SA, Parveen S, Alduhailan M, Tripathi R, Junedi N, Saqallah M, Sanders MA, Hoffmann PM, Truex K, Granneman JG, Kelly CV. Methods for making and observing model lipid droplets. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100774. [PMID: 38749444 PMCID: PMC11133809 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
We present methods for making and testing the membrane biophysics of model lipid droplets (LDs). Methods are described for imaging LDs ranging in size from 0.1 to 40 μm in diameter with high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy. With known LD compositions, membrane binding, sorting, diffusion, and tension were measured via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and imaging flow cytometry. Additionally, a custom, small-volume pendant droplet tensiometer is described and used to measure the association of phospholipids to the LD surface. These complementary, cross-validating methods of measuring LD membrane behavior reveal the interplay of biophysical processes on lipid droplet monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali A Gandhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Shahnaz Parveen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Munirah Alduhailan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ramesh Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nasser Junedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mohammad Saqallah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Matthew A Sanders
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 40201, USA; Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Peter M Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Physical Sciences Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
| | - Katherine Truex
- Department of Physics, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 40201, USA; Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Christopher V Kelly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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5
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Maruyama R, Kudo Y, Sugiyama T. A new strategy for screening novel functional genes involved in reduction of lipid droplet accumulation. Biofactors 2024; 50:467-476. [PMID: 37983968 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that store excess lipids and provide fatty acids for energy production during starvation. LDs are also essential for cellular maintenance, but excessive accumulation of LDs triggers various cancers in addition to metabolic diseases such as diabetes. In this study, we aimed to develop a strategy to identify new genes that reduces accumulation of LDs in cancer cells using an RNA interference (RNAi) screening system employing artificial sequence-enriched shRNA libraries. Monitoring LDs by fluorescent activated cell sorting, the subsequently collected cumulative LDs cells, and shRNA sequence analysis identified a clone that potentially functioned to accumulate LDs. The clone showed no identical sequence to human Refseq. It showed very similar sequence to seven genes by allowing three mismatches. Among these genes, we identified the mediator complex subunit 6 (MED6) gene as a target of this shRNA. Silencing of MED6 led to an increase in LD accumulation and expression of the marker genes, PLIN2 and DGAT1, in fatty cells. MED6 is a member of the mediator complex that regulates RNA polymerase II transcription through transcription factor II. Some mediator complexes play important roles in both normal and pathophysiological transcription processes. These results suggest that MED6 transcriptionally regulates the genes involved in lipid metabolism and suppresses LD accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Maruyama
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kudo
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Bionics, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Delpino MV, Quarleri J. Perilipin 2 inhibits replication of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid by regulating autophagy under high-fat conditions. World J Virol 2024; 13:90384. [PMID: 38616854 PMCID: PMC11008407 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i1.90384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a global health concern without a definitive cure; however, antiviral medications can effectively suppress viral replication. This study delves into the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and HBV replication, implicating molecular mechanisms such as the stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 autophagy pathway, SAC1-like phosphatidylinositol phosphatase, and galectin-9 mediated selective autophagy of viral core proteins in regulating HBV replication. Within lipid droplets, perilipin 2 (PLIN2) emerges as a pivotal guardian, with its overexpression protecting against autophagy and downregulation stimulating triglyceride catabolism through the autophagy pathway. This editorial discusses the correlation between hepatic steatosis and HBV replication, emphasizing the role of PLIN2 in this process. The study underscores the multifaceted roles of lipid metabolism, autophagy, and perilipins in HBV replication, shedding light on potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
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7
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Maestri A, Garagnani P, Pedrelli M, Hagberg CE, Parini P, Ehrenborg E. Lipid droplets, autophagy, and ageing: A cell-specific tale. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102194. [PMID: 38218464 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are the essential organelle for storing lipids in a cell. Within the variety of the human body, different cells store, utilize and release lipids in different ways, depending on their intrinsic function. However, these differences are not well characterized and, especially in the context of ageing, represent a key factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Whole body lipid homeostasis is a central interest in the field of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review we characterize lipid droplets and their utilization via autophagy and describe their diverse fate in three cells types central in cardiometabolic dysfunctions: adipocytes, hepatocytes, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maestri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Yu L. Cooperation of acylglycerol hydrolases in neuronal lipolysis. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100462. [PMID: 37871852 PMCID: PMC10689277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and biochemical evidence has established DDHD-domain containing 2 (DDHD2) as the principal triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolase in neuronal lipolysis of cytosolic lipid droplets. In this issue of Journal of Lipid Research, Hofer et al. report that DDHD2 cooperates with adipose triglyceride lipase, the principal TAG hydrolase in adipose lipolysis, contributing to cytosolic hydrolysis of both TAG and diacylglycerols in murine neuroblastoma cells and primary cortical neurons via different configurations of the lipases. This finding highlights the complexity of cytosolic acylglycerol hydrolysis and raises many new questions in the field of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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9
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Hu Y, Wang R, Liu J, Wang Y, Dong J. Lipid droplet deposition in the regenerating liver: A promoter, inhibitor, or bystander? Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0267. [PMID: 37708445 PMCID: PMC10503682 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration (LR) is a complex process involving intricate networks of cellular connections, cytokines, and growth factors. During the early stages of LR, hepatocytes accumulate lipids, primarily triacylglycerol, and cholesterol esters, in the lipid droplets. Although it is widely accepted that this phenomenon contributes to LR, the impact of lipid droplet deposition on LR remains a matter of debate. Some studies have suggested that lipid droplet deposition has no effect or may even be detrimental to LR. This review article focuses on transient regeneration-associated steatosis and its relationship with the liver regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelei Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Cadre’s Wards Ultrasound Diagnostics. Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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10
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Wang T, Cheng Z, Zhao R, Cheng J, Ren H, Zhang P, Liu P, Hao Q, Zhang Q, Yu X, Sun D, Zhang D. Sirt6 enhances macrophage lipophagy and improves lipid metabolism disorder by regulating the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway in atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:156. [PMID: 37736721 PMCID: PMC10515036 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders are considerably involved in the pathology of atherosclerosis; nevertheless, the fundamental mechanism is still largely unclear. This research sought to examine the function of lipophagy in lipid metabolism disorder-induced atherosclerosis and its fundamental mechanisms. Previously, Sirt6 has been reported to stimulate plaque stability by promoting macrophage autophagy. However, its role in macrophage lipophagy and its relationship with Wnt1 remains to be established. In this study, ApoE-/-: Sirt6-/- and ApoE-/-: Sirt6Tg mice were used and lipid droplets were analysed via transmission electron microscopy and Bodipy 493/503 staining in vitro. Atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/-: Sirt6-/- mice showed greater necrotic cores and lower stability score. Reconstitution of Sirt6 in atherosclerotic mice improved lipid metabolism disorder and prevented the progression of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, macrophages with Ac-LDL intervention showed more lipid droplets and increased expression of adipophilin and PLIN2. Reconstitution of Sirt6 recruited using SNF2H suppressed Wnt1 expression and improved lipid metabolism disorder by promoting lipophagy. In addition, downregulation of Sirt6 expression in Ac-LDL-treated macrophages inhibited lipid droplet degradation and stimulated foam cell formation. Innovative discoveries in the research revealed that atherosclerosis is caused by lipid metabolism disorders due to downregulated Sirt6 expression. Thus, modulating Sirt6's function in lipid metabolism might be a useful therapeutic approach for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - He Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengke Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengyun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qimeng Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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11
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Gandhi SA, Parveen S, Alduhailan M, Tripathi R, Junedi N, Saqallah M, Sanders MA, Hoffmann PM, Truex K, Granneman JG, Kelly CV. Methods for making and observing model lipid droplets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.17.549385. [PMID: 37503132 PMCID: PMC10370146 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.17.549385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the lipid droplet (LD) membrane is remodeled in concert with the activation of lipolysis incorporate a complex interplay of proteins, phospholipids, and neutral lipids. Model LDs (mLDs) provide an isolated, purified system for testing the mechanisms by which the droplet composition, size, shape, and tension affects triglyceride metabolism. Described here are methods of making and testing mLDs ranging from 0.1 to 40 μm diameter with known composition. Methods are described for imaging mLDs with high-resolution microscopy during buffer exchanges for the measurement of membrane binding, diffusion, and tension via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), pendant droplet tensiometry, and imaging flow cytometry. These complementary, cross-validating methods of measuring LD membrane behavior reveal the interplay of biophysical processes in triglyceride metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali A. Gandhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Shahnaz Parveen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Munirah Alduhailan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Ramesh Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Nasser Junedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Mohammad Saqallah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Matthew A. Sanders
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 40201
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA 48201
| | - Peter M. Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
- Physical Sciences Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA 32114
| | - Katherine Truex
- Department of Physics, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA 21402
| | - James G. Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 40201
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA 48201
| | - Christopher V Kelly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA 48201
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12
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Hammoudeh N, Soukkarieh C, Murphy DJ, Hanano A. Mammalian lipid droplets: structural, pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological roles. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101233. [PMID: 37156444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized cytosolic organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a membrane made up of a phospholipid monolayer and a specific population of proteins that varies according to the location and function of each LD. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of LD biogenesis and functions. LDs are now recognized as dynamic organelles that participate in many aspects of cellular homeostasis plus other vital functions. LD biogenesis is a complex, highly-regulated process with assembly occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum although aspects of the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain elusive. For example, it is unclear how many enzymes participate in the biosynthesis of the neutral lipid components of LDs and how this process is coordinated in response to different metabolic cues to promote or suppress LD formation and turnover. In addition to enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of neutral lipids, various scaffolding proteins play roles in coordinating LD formation. Despite their lack of ultrastructural diversity, LDs in different mammalian cell types are involved in a wide range of biological functions. These include roles in membrane homeostasis, regulation of hypoxia, neoplastic inflammatory responses, cellular oxidative status, lipid peroxidation, and protection against potentially toxic intracellular fatty acids and lipophilic xenobiotics. Herein, the roles of mammalian LDs and their associated proteins are reviewed with a particular focus on their roles in pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hammoudeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, Wales, United Kingdom..
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria..
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13
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Zadoorian A, Du X, Yang H. Lipid droplet biogenesis and functions in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023:10.1038/s41574-023-00845-0. [PMID: 37221402 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous yet unique, lipid droplets are intracellular organelles that are increasingly being recognized for their versatility beyond energy storage. Advances uncovering the intricacies of their biogenesis and the diversity of their physiological and pathological roles have yielded new insights into lipid droplet biology. Despite these insights, the mechanisms governing the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets remain incompletely understood. Moreover, the causal relationship between the biogenesis and function of lipid droplets and human diseases is poorly resolved. Here, we provide an update on the current understanding of the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets in health and disease, highlighting a key role for lipid droplet biogenesis in alleviating cellular stresses. We also discuss therapeutic strategies of targeting lipid droplet biogenesis, growth or degradation that could be applied in the future to common diseases, such as cancer, hepatic steatosis and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armella Zadoorian
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ximing Du
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Deb R, Nagotu S. The nexus between peroxisome abundance and chronological ageing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biogerontology 2023; 24:81-97. [PMID: 36209442 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by changes in several cellular processes, with dysregulation of peroxisome function being one of them. Interestingly, the most conserved function of peroxisomes, ROS homeostasis, is strongly associated with ageing and age-associated pathologies. Previous studies have identified a role for peroxisomes in the regulation of chronological lifespan in yeast. In this study, we report the effect of altered peroxisome number on the chronological lifespan of yeast in two different growth media conditions. Three mutants, pex11, pex25 and pex27, defective in peroxisome fission, have been thoroughly investigated for the chronological lifespan. Reduced chronological lifespan of all the mutants was observed in peroxisome-inducing growth conditions. Furthermore, the combined deletion pex11pex25 exhibited the most prominent reduction in lifespan. Interestingly altered peroxisomal phenotype upon ageing was observed in all the cells. Increased ROS accumulation and reduced catalase activity was exhibited by chronologically aged mutant cells. Interestingly, mutants with reduced number of peroxisomes concomitantly also exhibited an accumulation of free fatty acids and increased number of lipid droplets. Taken together, our results reveal a previously unrealized effect of fission proteins in the chronological lifespan of yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachayeeta Deb
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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15
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Huang X, Bian C, Ji H, Ji S, Sun J. DHA induces adipocyte lipolysis through endoplasmic reticulum stress and the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 13:185-196. [PMID: 37123617 PMCID: PMC10131065 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a biologically active fatty acid that reduces the accumulation of lipids. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process, particularly in fish, is not well understood. Recent studies show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers the activation of the unfolded protein response, which has been revealed to play an essential role in lipid metabolism. In this study, we explored the effect of DHA on ER stress and investigated the potential molecular mechanisms underlying DHA-induced adipocyte lipolysis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) both in vivo and in vitro. We found that DHA remarkably reduced the triglyceride content, increased the secretion of glycerol, promoted lipolysis in adipocytes and evoked ER stress, whereas inhibiting ER stress using 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) inhibited the effects of DHA (P < 0.05). These results implied that ER stress potentially participates in DHA-induced adipocyte lipolysis. Additionally, STF-083010, a specific inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)-inhibitor, attenuated the effects of DHA on lipolysis, demonstrating that IRE1α and X-box binding protein 1 potentially participate in DHA-induced lipolysis. DHA also activated the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway by increasing the level of cAMP and activating the PKA enzyme (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, H89, a PKA inhibitor, weakened DHA-induced lipolysis by inhibiting the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibiting ER stress using 4-PBA also inhibited lipolysis and alleviated DHA-induced activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, suggesting that ER stress may participate in DHA-induced lipolysis through the activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Our data illustrate that DHA supplementation can be a promising nutritional strategy for ameliorating lipid accumulation in grass carp. The present study elucidated the molecular mechanism for DHA-induced lipolysis in grass carp adipocytes and emphasized the importance of ER stress and the cAMP/PKA pathway in DHA-induced lipolysis. These results deepen our understanding of ameliorating lipids deposition in freshwater fish by targeting DHA.
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16
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Qin ZL, Yao QF, Zhao P, Ren H, Qi ZT. Zika virus infection triggers lipophagy by stimulating the AMPK-ULK1 signaling in human hepatoma cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:959029. [PMID: 36405969 PMCID: PMC9667116 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.959029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a globally transmitted mosquito-borne pathogen, and no effective treatment or vaccine is available yet. Lipophagy, a selective autophagy targeting lipid droplets (LDs), is an emerging subject in cellular lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. However, the regulatory mechanism of lipid metabolism and the role of lipophagy in Zika virus infection remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that ZIKV induced lipophagy by activating unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) through activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in Huh7 cells. Upon ZIKV infection, the average size and triglyceride content of LDs significantly decreased. Moreover, ZIKV infection significantly increased lysosomal biosynthesis and LD-lysosome fusion. The activities of AMPK at Thr-172 and ULK1 at Ser-556 were increased in ZIKV-infected cells and closely correlated with lipophagy induction. Silencing of AMPK expression inhibited ZIKV infection, autophagy induction, and LD-lysosome fusion and decreased the triglyceride content of the cells. The activities of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) at Ser-2448 and ULK1 at Ser-757 were suppressed independently of AMPK during ZIKV infection. Therefore, ZIKV infection triggers AMPK-mediated lipophagy, and the LD-related lipid metabolism during ZIKV infection is mainly regulated via the AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathway.
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17
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Graña-Baumgartner A, Dukkipati VSR, Biggs PJ, Kenyon PR, Blair HT, López-Villalobos N, Ross AB. Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics of Brown Adipose Tissue and Plasma of New-Born Lambs Subjected to Short-Term Cold Exposure. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202762. [PMID: 36290148 PMCID: PMC9597848 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During cold exposure, brown adipose tissue (BAT) holds the key mechanism in the generation of heat, thus inducing thermogenic adaptation in response to cooler environmental changes. This process can lead to a major lipidome remodelling in BAT, where the increase in abundance of many lipid classes plays a significant role in the thermogenic mechanisms for heat production. This study aimed to identify different types of lipids, through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), in BAT and plasma during a short-term cold challenge (2-days), or not, in new-born lambs. Fifteen new-born Romney lambs were selected randomly and divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 3) with BAT and plasma obtained within 24 h after birth, as a control; Group 2 (n = 6) kept indoors for two days at an ambient temperature (20-22 °C) and Group 3 (n = 6) kept indoors for two days at a cold temperature (4 °C). Significant differences in lipid composition of many lipid categories (such as glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and sterol lipids) were observed in BAT and plasma under cold conditions, compared with ambient conditions. Data obtained from the present study suggest that short-term cold exposure induces profound changes in BAT and plasma lipidome composition of new-born lambs, which may enhance lipid metabolism via BAT thermogenic activation and adipocyte survival during cold adaptation. Further analysis on the roles of these lipid changes, validation of potential biomarkers for BAT activity, such as LPC 18:1 and PC 35:6, should contribute to the improvement of new-born lamb survival. Collectively, these observations help broaden the knowledge on the variations of lipid composition during cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Graña-Baumgartner
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Venkata S. R. Dukkipati
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (V.S.R.D.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Patrick J. Biggs
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paul R. Kenyon
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hugh T. Blair
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nicolás López-Villalobos
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Alastair B. Ross
- Proteins and Metabolites, AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln 7674, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (V.S.R.D.); (A.B.R.)
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18
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Mandal S, Singh A, Paul S, Ghosh A, Sen P. Amino acid triggered water-soluble NBD derivatives for differential organelle staining and the role of the chemical moiety for their specific localization. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200837. [PMID: 35993447 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Apart from being the unit of protein, amino acids have diverse roles. Here we have shown that amino acids guide the differential transportation of the dye molecule to the cellular organelles depending upon the property of their intrinsic functionality. We have conjugated nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) moiety with two amino acids (lysine and histidine derivatives) with a linker. Both the derivates are water-soluble and biocompatible in nature. Surprisingly we found that lysine conjugated NBD (NBD-Lys) stains lipid droplets whereas the histidine conjugated NBD (NBD-His) stains lysosomes. We also measured the spectral properties of these two NBD conjugates. Results depict that both the conjugates are extremely stable both in air and inert atmosphere and the fluorescence of the derivatives almost remain unaltered at different pH. Further by altering the functionality of the side chain, we established the contribution of each functional group towards this differential organelle targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Mandal
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, school of biological Science, INDIA
| | - Arpana Singh
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, school of biological Science, INDIA
| | - Subhojit Paul
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, school of biological Science, INDIA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, school of biological Science, INDIA
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Biological Chemistry, 2A & 2B Raja S.C.Mullick Road, 2A & 2B Raja S.C.Mullick Road, 700032, India, 700032, Kolkata, INDIA
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19
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Lipid metabolism in tumor microenvironment: novel therapeutic targets. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:224. [PMID: 35790992 PMCID: PMC9254539 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive lipid molecules have been proposed to play important roles linking obesity/metabolic syndrome and cancers. Studies reveal that aberrant lipid metabolic signaling can reprogram cancer cells and non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and poor therapeutic response. Existing evidence indicates that controlling lipid metabolism can be a potential strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. By reviewing the current literature on the lipid metabolism in various cancers, we summarized major lipid molecules including fatty acids and cholesterol as well as lipid droplets and discussed their critical roles in cancer cells and non-cancer in terms of either promoting- or anti-tumorigenesis. This review provides an overview of the lipid molecules in cellular entities and their tumor microenvironment, adding to the existing knowledge with lipid metabolic reprogramming in immune cells and cancer associated cells. Comprehensive understanding of the regulatory role of lipid metabolism in cellular entities and their tumor microenvironment will provide a new direction for further studies, in a shift away from conventional cancer research. Exploring the lipid-related signaling targets that drive or block cancer development may lead to development of novel anti-cancer strategies distinct from traditional approaches for cancer prevention and treatment.
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20
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Yang L, Zhang H, Yu X, Fei W, Zhen Y, Gao Z, Chen S, Ren L. Quantitative proteomics analysis based on tandem mass tag labeling coupled with labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry discovers the effect of silibinin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6750-6766. [PMID: 35246007 PMCID: PMC9208462 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2045837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the beneficial effects of silibinin (SIL) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have attracted widespread attention. We tried to study the intervention effect of SIL on NAFLD, and explore the potential mechanisms and targets of SIL on NAFLD improvement. Thirty-three male C57BL6/J mice were divided into three groups, and, respectively, fed a normal diet (ND), a high-fat diet (HFD) or a HFD given SIL treatment (HFD+SIL). Biochemical indexes and histopathological changes of mice in each group were detected. In addition, quantitative proteomics analysis based on tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and bioinformatics analysis was performed on protein changes in the livers. SIL could reduce the weight of mice, reduce liver lipid deposition, and improve glucose metabolism. Through comparison among the three experimental groups, a total of 30 overlapping proteins were found. These identified proteins were closely linked to liver lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Moreover, some drug targets were found, namely perilipin-2, phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN1, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, and glutathione S-transferase A1. In conclusions, high-fat diet increases the expressions of proteins implicated in lipid synthesis and transport in the liver, which can result in disorders of liver lipid metabolism. SIL can decrease liver lipid deposition and increase insulin sensitivity by regulating the expressions of these proteins. It not only improves the disorder of lipid metabolism in vivo, but also improves the disorder of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Liying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenjie Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Luping Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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21
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Fader Kaiser CM, Romano PS, Vanrell MC, Pocognoni CA, Jacob J, Caruso B, Delgui LR. Biogenesis and Breakdown of Lipid Droplets in Pathological Conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:826248. [PMID: 35198567 PMCID: PMC8860030 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.826248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) have long been considered as mere fat drops; however, LD have lately been revealed to be ubiquitous, dynamic and to be present in diverse organelles in which they have a wide range of key functions. Although incompletely understood, the biogenesis of eukaryotic LD initiates with the synthesis of neutral lipids (NL) by enzymes located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The accumulation of NL leads to their segregation into nanometric nuclei which then grow into lenses between the ER leaflets as they are further filled with NL. The lipid composition and interfacial tensions of both ER and the lenses modulate their shape which, together with specific ER proteins, determine the proneness of LD to bud from the ER toward the cytoplasm. The most important function of LD is the buffering of energy. But far beyond this, LD are actively integrated into physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, control of protein homeostasis, sequestration of toxic lipid metabolic intermediates, protection from stress, and proliferation of tumours. Besides, LD may serve as platforms for pathogen replication and defense. To accomplish these functions, from biogenesis to breakdown, eukaryotic LD have developed mechanisms to travel within the cytoplasm and to establish contact with other organelles. When nutrient deprivation occurs, LD undergo breakdown (lipolysis), which begins with the LD-associated members of the perilipins family PLIN2 and PLIN3 chaperone-mediated autophagy degradation (CMA), a specific type of autophagy that selectively degrades a subset of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes. Indeed, PLINs CMA degradation is a prerequisite for further true lipolysis, which occurs via cytosolic lipases or by lysosome luminal lipases when autophagosomes engulf portions of LD and target them to lysosomes. LD play a crucial role in several pathophysiological processes. Increased accumulation of LD in non-adipose cells is commonly observed in numerous infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections, and is gradually recognized as a prominent characteristic in a variety of cancers. This review discusses current evidence related to the modulation of LD biogenesis and breakdown caused by intracellular pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Fader Kaiser
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia S Romano
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Cristina Vanrell
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Pocognoni
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Julieta Jacob
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Benjamín Caruso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas y Tecnologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Laura R Delgui
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
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22
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Docosahexaenoic acid and phenazine ethosulfate are not efficient lipid modulators for porcine in vitro maturation systems. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:731-738. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Smolič T, Zorec R, Vardjan N. Pathophysiology of Lipid Droplets in Neuroglia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:22. [PMID: 35052526 PMCID: PMC8773017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence regarding the functional importance of lipid droplets (LDs), cytoplasmic storage organelles in the central nervous system (CNS), has emerged. Although not abundantly present in the CNS under normal conditions in adulthood, LDs accumulate in the CNS during development and aging, as well as in some neurologic disorders. LDs are actively involved in cellular lipid turnover and stress response. By regulating the storage of excess fatty acids, cholesterol, and ceramides in addition to their subsequent release in response to cell needs and/or environmental stressors, LDs are involved in energy production, in the synthesis of membranes and signaling molecules, and in the protection of cells against lipotoxicity and free radicals. Accumulation of LDs in the CNS appears predominantly in neuroglia (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), which provide trophic, metabolic, and immune support to neuronal networks. Here we review the most recent findings on the characteristics and functions of LDs in neuroglia, focusing on astrocytes, the key homeostasis-providing cells in the CNS. We discuss the molecular mechanisms affecting LD turnover in neuroglia under stress and how this may protect neural cell function. We also highlight the role (and potential contribution) of neuroglial LDs in aging and in neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Smolič
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.S.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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24
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Caruso B, Wilke N, Perillo MA. Triglyceride Lenses at the Air-Water Interface as a Model System for Studying the Initial Stage in the Biogenesis of Lipid Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10958-10970. [PMID: 34491757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are intracellular structures consisting of an apolar lipid core, composed mainly of triglycerides (TG) and steryl esters, coated by a lipid-protein mixed monolayer. The mechanisms underlying LD biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane are a matter of many current investigations. Although models explaining the budding-off of protuberances of phase-segregated TG inside bilayers have been proposed recently, the assumption of such initial blisters needs further empirical support. Here, we study mixtures of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and TG at the air-water interface in order to describe some physical properties and topographic stability of TG bulk structures in contact with interfaces. Brewster angle microscopy images revealed the appearance of microscopic collapsed structures (CS) with highly reproducible lateral size (∼1 μm lateral radius) not varying with lateral packing changes and being highly stable at surface pressures (π) beyond collapse. By surface spectral fluorescence microscopy, we were able to characterize the solvatochromism of Nile Red both in monolayers and inside CS. This allowed to conclude that CS corresponded to a phase of liquid TG and to characterize them as lenses forming a three-phase (oil-water-air) system. Thereby, the thicknesses of the lenses could be determined, observing that they were dramatically flattened when EPC was present (6-12 nm compared to 30-50 nm for lenses on EPC/TG and TG films, respectively). Considering the shape of lenses, the interfacial tensions, and the Neumann's triangle, this experimental approach allows one to estimate the oil-water interfacial tension acting at each individual microscopic lens and at varying compression states of the surrounding monolayer. Thus, lenses formed on air-water Langmuir films can serve to assess variables of relevance to the initial step of LD biogenesis, such as the degree of dispersion of excluded-TG phase and shape, spatial distribution, and oil-water interfacial tension of lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Caruso
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química BiológicaUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N Wilke
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas,. Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Quimica Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M A Perillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química BiológicaUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
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25
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Rahman MA, Kumar R, Sanchez E, Nazarko TY. Lipid Droplets and Their Autophagic Turnover via the Raft-Like Vacuolar Microdomains. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8144. [PMID: 34360917 PMCID: PMC8348048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although once perceived as inert structures that merely serve for lipid storage, lipid droplets (LDs) have proven to be the dynamic organelles that hold many cellular functions. The LDs' basic structure of a hydrophobic core consisting of neutral lipids and enclosed in a phospholipid monolayer allows for quick lipid accessibility for intracellular energy and membrane production. Whereas formed at the peripheral and perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum, LDs are degraded either in the cytosol by lipolysis or in the vacuoles/lysosomes by autophagy. Autophagy is a regulated breakdown of dysfunctional, damaged, or surplus cellular components. The selective autophagy of LDs is called lipophagy. Here, we review LDs and their degradation by lipophagy in yeast, which proceeds via the micrometer-scale raft-like lipid domains in the vacuolar membrane. These vacuolar microdomains form during nutrient deprivation and facilitate internalization of LDs via the vacuolar membrane invagination and scission. The resultant intra-vacuolar autophagic bodies with LDs inside are broken down by vacuolar lipases and proteases. This type of lipophagy is called microlipophagy as it resembles microautophagy, the type of autophagy when substrates are sequestered right at the surface of a lytic compartment. Yeast microlipophagy via the raft-like vacuolar microdomains is a great model system to study the role of lipid domains in microautophagic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arifur Rahman
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Enrique Sanchez
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.A.R.); (E.S.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Taras Y. Nazarko
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.A.R.); (E.S.)
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Saito Y, Kimura W. Roles of Phase Separation for Cellular Redox Maintenance. Front Genet 2021; 12:691946. [PMID: 34306032 PMCID: PMC8299301 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.691946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation reaction greatly alters characteristics of various cellular components. In exchange for efficient energy production, mitochondrial aerobic respiration substantially increases the risk of excess oxidation of cellular biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and numerous small molecules. To maintain a physiologically balanced cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state, cells utilize a variety of molecular machineries including cellular antioxidants and protein degradation complexes such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system or autophagy. In the past decade, biomolecular liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a subject of great interest in the biomedical field, as it plays versatile roles in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. With regard to redox homeostasis, LLPS arose as a major player in both well-characterized and newly emerging redox pathways. LLPS is involved in direct redox imbalance sensing, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. Also, LLPS is at play when cells resist redox imbalance through metabolic switching, translational remodeling, activating the DNA damage response, and segregation of vulnerable lipids and proteins. On the other hand, chronic accumulation of phase-separated molecular condensates such as lipid droplets and amyloid causes neurotoxic outcomes. In this review we enumerate recent progress on understanding how cells utilize LLPS to deal with oxidative stress, especially related to cell survival or pathogenesis, and we discuss future research directions for understanding biological phase separation in cellular redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wataru Kimura
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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Zhang C, Shao H, Zhang J, Guo X, Liu Y, Song Z, Liu F, Ling P, Tang L, Wang KN, Chen Q. Long-term live-cell lipid droplet-targeted biosensor development for nanoscopic tracking of lipid droplet-mitochondria contact sites. Theranostics 2021; 11:7767-7778. [PMID: 34335963 PMCID: PMC8315056 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipid droplets (LDs) establish a considerable number of contact sites with mitochondria to enable energy transfer and communication. In this study, we developed a fluorescent biosensor to image LD-mitochondria interactions at the nanoscale and further explored the function of LD-mediated matrix transmission in processes involving multi-organelle interactions. Methods: A fluorescent probe called C-Py (C21H19N3O2, 7-(diethylamino) coumarin-3-vinyl-4-pyridine acetonitrile) was designed and synthesized. Colocalization of C-Py and the commercial LD stain Nile Red was analyzed in HeLa cells. The fluorescence stability and signal to background ratio of C-Py under structured illumination microscopy (SIM) were compared to those of the commercial probe BODIPY493/503. The cytotoxicity of C-Py was assessed using CCK-8 assays. The uptake pattern of C-Py in HeLa cells was then observed under various temperatures, metabolic levels, and endocytosis levels. Contact sites between LDs and various organelles, such as mitochondria, nuclei, and cell membrane, were imaged and quantitated using SIM. Physical changes to the contact sites between LDs and mitochondria were monitored after lipopolysaccharide induction. Results: A LD-targeted fluorescent biosensor, C-Py, with good specificity, low background signal, excellent photostability, low cytotoxicity, and high cellular permeability was developed for tracking LD contact sites with multiple organelles using SIM. Using C-Py, the subcellular distribution and dynamic processes of LDs in living cells were observed under SIM. The formation of contact sites between LDs and multiple organelles was visualized at a resolution below ~200 nm. The number of LD-mitochondria contact sites formed was decreased by lipopolysaccharide treatment inducing an inflammatory environment. Conclusions: C-Py provides strategies for the design of ultra-highly selective biosensors and a new tool for investigating the role and regulation of LDs in living cells at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, PR China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, PR China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute/Translational Medicine Core Facility of Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University. Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Xinyan Guo
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Zhigang Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, PR China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Peixue Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, PR China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Longguang Tang
- International Institutes of Medicine, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Kang-Nan Wang
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong 528308, PR China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, PR China
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, PR China
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Zhao Y, Albrecht E, Li Z, Schregel J, Sciascia QL, Metges CC, Maak S. Distinct Roles of Perilipins in the Intramuscular Deposition of Lipids in Glutamine-Supplemented, Low-, and Normal-Birth-Weight Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:633898. [PMID: 34235195 PMCID: PMC8257002 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.633898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglets with low birth weight (LBW) usually have reduced muscle mass and increased lipid deposition compared with their normal-birth-weight (NBW) littermates. Supplementation of piglets with amino acids during the first days of life may improve muscle growth and simultaneously alter the intramuscular lipid deposition. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of glutamine (Gln) supplementation during the early suckling period on lipid deposition in the longissimus muscle (MLD) and the role of different perilipin (PLIN) family members in this process. Four groups were generated consisting of 72 male LBW piglets and 72 NBW littermates. Piglets were supplemented with either 1 g Gln/kg body weight or an isonitrogenous amount of alanine (Ala) between days post natum (dpn) 1 and 12. Twelve piglets per group were slaughtered at 5, 12, and 26 dpn, and muscle tissue was collected. Perilipins were localized by immunohistochemistry in muscle sections. The mRNA and protein abundances of PLIN family members and related lipases were quantified by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and western blots, respectively. While PLIN1 was localized around lipid droplets in mature and developing adipocytes, PLIN2 was localized at intramyocellular lipid droplets, PLIN3 and 4 at cell membranes of muscle fibers and adipocytes, and PLIN5 in the cytoplasm of undefined cells. The western blot results indicated higher protein abundances of PLIN2, 3, 4, and 5 in LBW piglets (p < 0.05) at 5 dpn compared with their NBW littermates independent of supplementation, while not directly reflecting the mRNA expression levels. The mRNA abundance of PLIN2 was lower while PLIN4 was higher in piglets at 26 dpn in comparison with piglets at 5 dpn (p < 0.01). Relative mRNA expression of LPL and CGI-58 was lowest in piglets at 5 dpn (p < 0.001). However, ATGL mRNA was not influenced by birth weight or supplementation, but the Spearman correlation coefficient analysis revealed close correlations with PLIN2, 4, and 5 mRNA at 5 and 26 dpn (r > 0.5, p < 0.001). The results indicated the importance of birth weight and age for intramuscular lipid deposition and different roles of PLIN family members in this process, but no clear modulating effect of Gln supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Zhao
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Zeyang Li
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Schregel
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Quentin L Sciascia
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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29
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Smolič T, Tavčar P, Horvat A, Černe U, Halužan Vasle A, Tratnjek L, Kreft ME, Scholz N, Matis M, Petan T, Zorec R, Vardjan N. Astrocytes in stress accumulate lipid droplets. Glia 2021; 69:1540-1562. [PMID: 33609060 PMCID: PMC8248329 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
When the brain is in a pathological state, the content of lipid droplets (LDs), the lipid storage organelles, is increased, particularly in glial cells, but rarely in neurons. The biology and mechanisms leading to LD accumulation in astrocytes, glial cells with key homeostatic functions, are poorly understood. We imaged fluorescently labeled LDs by microscopy in isolated and brain tissue rat astrocytes and in glia-like cells in Drosophila brain to determine the (sub)cellular localization, mobility, and content of LDs under various stress conditions characteristic for brain pathologies. LDs exhibited confined mobility proximal to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum that was attenuated by metabolic stress and by increased intracellular Ca2+ , likely to enhance the LD-organelle interaction imaged by electron microscopy. When de novo biogenesis of LDs was attenuated by inhibition of DGAT1 and DGAT2 enzymes, the astrocyte cell number was reduced by ~40%, suggesting that in astrocytes LD turnover is important for cell survival and/or proliferative cycle. Exposure to noradrenaline, a brain stress response system neuromodulator, and metabolic and hypoxic stress strongly facilitated LD accumulation in astrocytes. The observed response of stressed astrocytes may be viewed as a support for energy provision, but also to be neuroprotective against the stress-induced lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Smolič
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Tavčar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anemari Horvat
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Černe
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Halužan Vasle
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Larisa Tratnjek
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicole Scholz
- Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maja Matis
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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30
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Liu Q, Gao H, Yang F, Zhang H, Zeng S. FSH Promotes Progesterone Synthesis by Enhancing Autophagy to Accelerate Lipid Droplet Degradation in Porcine Granulosa Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626927. [PMID: 33665189 PMCID: PMC7921800 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular relationships among follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lipid droplet (LD) degradation, and autophagy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathway by which FSH regulates autophagy and the potential role of autophagy in progesterone production. Our results revealed that FSH stimulated progesterone production in mammalian follicular granulosa cells (GCs) through a non-canonical pathway. In porcine secondary follicles cultured in vitro, FSH treatment increased the level of the autophagic marker, LC3-II, as well as increased the number of autophagic vacuoles in GCs. The underlying molecular mechanism and biological functions were then investigated in porcine GCs. Our results demonstrated that FSH could upregulate Beclin1 levels in porcine GCs; however, this effect was blocked by LY294002 (a PI3K/AKT inhibitor) and SP600125 (SAPK/JNK inhibitor). Further research confirmed that the transcriptional factor, c-Jun, was phosphorylated by FSH, then translocated into the nucleus from the cytoplasm and bound to the BECLIN1 promoter region, and that LY294002, SP600125, or c-Jun knockdown prevented the increase in Beclin1 levels induced by FSH. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy using chloroquine or SP600125 decreased progesterone production in porcine GCs treated with FSH, although the expression of StAR and P450scc was not disturbed. Moreover, FSH treatment reduced the average number and size of LDs in porcine GCs, but these effects were eliminated by knocking down the key autophagy genes, ATG5 and BECLIN1; in addition, the effect of FSH on promoting progesterone secretion by the cells was also reduced significantly. Based on the above results, we concluded that FSH promoted progesterone production by enhancing autophagy through upregulation of Beclin1 via the PI3K/JNK/c-Jun pathway to accelerate LD degradation in porcine GCs, independent of the classical steroidogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shenming Zeng
- Laboratory of Animal Embryonic Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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31
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Liu Z, Liu M, Fan M, Pan S, Li S, Chen M, Wang H. Metabolomic-proteomic combination analysis reveals the targets and molecular pathways associated with hydrogen sulfide alleviating NAFLD. Life Sci 2020; 264:118629. [PMID: 33131747 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide. Exogenous H2S has been shown to effectively mitigate NAFLD, although little is known about the underlying targets and molecular mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal fat diet (NFD) or high fat diet (HFD) for a total 16 weeks, and HFD-fed mice were treated with saline or NaHS beginning in 12th week. The combination analysis of metabolomics and proteomics of liver tissues was firstly performed to discover the candidate targets and potential molecular pathways involved in H2S mitigating the NAFLD. KEY FINDINGS Compared with NaCl, H2S relieved NAFLD by reducing liver weight, body weight and lipid accumulation in liver, and improving liver pathology and serum biochemical parameters. There were 40 overlapping metabolites in the intersection analysis between comparative analysis of HFD + NaCl vs NFD and HFD + NaHS vs HFD + NaCl based on liver metabolomics. Moreover, a total of 58 proteins were obtained whose changes were reversed after treatment with H2S. A combined analysis of liver metabolomics and proteomics was then conducted, revealing 8 shared molecular pathways, as well as the enrichment of unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, Plin2 may also be a potential target of H2S via the regulation of lipid droplet degradation in alleviating NAFLD. SIGNIFICANCE We performed the first study combining metabolomics and proteomics to explore the mechanisms behind the alleviation of NAFLD by H2S. Our results not only provide evidence that H2S alleviates NAFLD but also reveals its possible molecular mechanisms and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangnan Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Sijing Pan
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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32
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Silva CGD, Barretto LSDS, Lo Turco EG, Santos ADL, Lessio C, Martins Júnior HA, Almeida FGD. Lipidomics of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104964. [PMID: 32882223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs), are potential sources for cell-based therapeutic strategies. However, there is little knowledge about the lipid composition of these stem cells and the mechanisms of their differentiation. Lipids have important biological and physiological functions that are critical for understanding the regulation and control of stem cell fate. This study sought to analyze the lipidome of rabbit ADSCs and MDSCs and their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. The MSCs were isolated and were characterized by flow cytometry. Lipids were extracted from both MSCs and differentiated cells, and the lipids were subsequently analyzed with a hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The results showed a total of 1687 lipid species. MSCs exhibited different lipid profiles as well as changes in lipid composition after differentiation. Furthermore, the expression levels of N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) 54:7+NH4 (-FA 17:0(NH4)) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) 42:6+Na were higher in the adipogenic lineages in of both MSC types, and NAPE 58:2+NH4 (-FA 17:0 (NH4)) and NAPE 56:2+NH4 (-FA 17:0 (NH4)) had higher levels in the osteogenic lineages, suggesting lipid similarities in cells differentiated from different stem cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Gonzaga da Silva
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Embaú 231- Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Letícia Siqueira de Sá Barretto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Embaú 231- Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil.
| | - Edson Guimarães Lo Turco
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Embaú 231- Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Alex de Lima Santos
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Embaú 231- Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | - Camila Lessio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Embaú 231- Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Gonçalves de Almeida
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Embaú 231- Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-060, Brazil
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The phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein DTH1 mediates degradation of lipid droplets in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23131-23139. [PMID: 32868427 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles found in a wide range of organisms and play important roles in stress tolerance. During nitrogen (N) starvation, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii stores large amounts of triacylglycerols (TAGs) inside LDs. When N is resupplied, the LDs disappear and the TAGs are degraded, presumably providing carbon and energy for regrowth. The mechanism by which cells degrade LDs is poorly understood. Here, we isolated a mutant (dth1-1, Delayed in TAG Hydrolysis 1) in which TAG degradation during recovery from N starvation was compromised. Consequently, the dth1-1 mutant grew poorly compared to its parental line during N recovery. Two additional independent loss-of-function mutants (dth1-2 and dth1-3) also exhibited delayed TAG remobilization. DTH1 transcript levels increased sevenfold upon N resupply, and DTH1 protein was localized to LDs. DTH1 contains a putative lipid-binding domain (DTH1LBD) with alpha helices predicted to be structurally similar to those in apolipoproteins E and A-I. Recombinant DTH1LBD bound specifically to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), a major phospholipid coating the LD surface. Overexpression of DTH1LBD in Chlamydomonas phenocopied the dth1 mutant's defective TAG degradation, suggesting that the function of DTH1 depends on its ability to bind PE. Together, our results demonstrate that the lipid-binding DTH1 plays an essential role in LD degradation and provide insight into the molecular mechanism of protein anchorage to LDs at the LD surface in photosynthetic cells.
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34
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Leiria LO, Tseng YH. Lipidomics of brown and white adipose tissue: Implications for energy metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158788. [PMID: 32763428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue exerts multiple vital functions that critically maintain energy balance, including storing and expending energy, as well as secreting factors that systemically modulate nutrient metabolism. Since lipids are the major constituents of the adipocytes, it is unsurprising that the lipid composition of these cells plays a critical role in maintaining their functions and communicating with other organs and cells. In both positive and negative energy balance conditions, lipids and free fatty acids secreted from adipocytes exert either beneficial or detrimental effects in other tissues, such as the liver, pancreas and muscle. The way the adipocytes communicate with other organs tightly depends on the nature of their lipidome composition. Notwithstanding, the lipidome composition of the adipocytes is affected by physiological factors such as adipocyte type, gender and age, but also by environmental cues such as diet composition, thermal stress and physical activity. Here we provide an updated overview on how the adipose tissue lipidome profile is shaped by different physiological and environmental factors and how these changes impact the way the adipocytes regulate whole-body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz O Leiria
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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35
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Wagner PM, Monjes NM, Guido ME. Chemotherapeutic Effect of SR9009, a REV-ERB Agonist, on the Human Glioblastoma T98G Cells. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419892713. [PMID: 31825658 PMCID: PMC6909277 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419892713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive brain tumor, and human T98G cells constitute a useful glioblastoma multiforme model to evaluate the chemotherapeutic agents. Modern life (shiftwork, jetlag, etc.) may cause circadian disorganization promoting higher cancer risk and metabolic disorders. Although little is known about the tumor-intrinsic circadian clock function, pharmacological modulation of circadian components may offer selective anticancer strategies. REV-ERBs are heme-binding circadian clock components acting as repressors of processes involved in tumorigenesis such as metabolism, proliferation, and inflammation. A synthetic pyrrole derivative (SR9009) that acts as REV-ERBs-specific agonists exhibits potent in vivo activity on metabolism and tumor cell viability. Here, we investigated SR9009 effects on T98G cell viability, differential chemotherapy time responses, and underlying metabolic processes (reactive oxygen species [ROS] and lipid droplets [LDs]) and compared it with the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib treatment. SR9009-treated cells exhibited significant reduction in cell viability with consequences on cell cycle progression. Dexamethasone synchronized cells displayed differential time responses to SR9009 treatment with highest responses 18 to 30 h after synchronization. SR9009 treatment decreased ROS levels while Bortezomib increased them. However, both treatments significantly increased LD levels, whereas the combined treatment showed additive or synergistic effects between both drugs. In addition, we extended these studies to HepG2 cells which also showed a significant decrease in cell viability and ROS levels and the increase in LD levels after SR9009 treatment. Our results suggest that the pharmacological modulation of the tumor-intrinsic clock by REV-ERB agonists severely affects cell metabolism and promotes cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Wagner
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto," Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia M Monjes
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto," Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mario E Guido
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto," Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Jennings W, Epand RM. CDP-diacylglycerol, a critical intermediate in lipid metabolism. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 230:104914. [PMID: 32360136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The roles of lipids expand beyond the basic building blocks of biological membranes. In addition to forming complex and dynamic barriers, the thousands of different lipid species in the cell contribute to essentially all the processes of life. Specific lipids are increasingly identified in cellular processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, metabolic control and protein regulation. Tight control of their synthesis and degradation is essential for homeostasis. Most of the lipid molecules in the cell originate from a small number of critical intermediates. Thus, regulating the synthesis of intermediates is essential for lipid homeostasis and optimal biological functions. Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) is an intermediate which occupies a branch point in lipid metabolism. CDP-DAG is incorporated into different synthetic pathways to form distinct phospholipid end-products depending on its location of synthesis. Identification and characterization of CDP-DAG synthases which catalyze the synthesis of CDP-DAG has been hampered by difficulties extracting these membrane-bound enzymes for purification. Recent developments have clarified the cellular localization of the CDP-DAG synthases and identified a new unrelated CDP-DAG synthase enzyme. These findings have contributed to a deeper understanding of the extensive synthetic and signaling networks stemming from this key lipid intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jennings
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
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37
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Price AM, Doner NM, Gidda SK, Jambunathan S, James CN, Schami A, Yurchenko O, Mullen RT, Dyer JM, Puri V, Chapman KD. Mouse Fat-Specific Protein 27 (FSP27) expressed in plant cells localizes to lipid droplets and promotes lipid droplet accumulation and fusion. Biochimie 2020; 169:41-53. [PMID: 31400447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fat-Specific Protein 27 (FSP27) belongs to a small group of vertebrate proteins containing a Cell-death Inducing DNA fragmentation factor-α-like Effector (CIDE)-C domain and is involved in lipid droplet (LD) accumulation and energy homeostasis. FSP27 is predominantly expressed in white and brown adipose tissues, as well as liver, and plays a key role in mediating LD-LD fusion. No orthologs have been identified in invertebrates or plants. In this study, we tested the function of mouse FSP27 in stably-transformed Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and seeds, as well as through transient expression in Nicotiana tabacum suspension-cultured cells and N. benthamiana leaves. Confocal microscopic analysis of plant cells revealed that, similar to ectopic expression in mammalian cells, FSP27 produced in plants 1) correctly localized to LDs, 2) accumulated at LD-LD contact sites, and 3) induced an increase in the number and size of LDs and also promoted LD clustering and fusion. Furthermore, FSP27 increased oil content in transgenic A. thaliana seeds. Given that plant oils have uses in human and animal nutrition as well as industrial uses such as biofuels and bioplastics, our results suggest that ectopic expression of FSP27 in plants represents a potential strategy for increasing oil content and energy density in bioenergy or oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Price
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Nathan M Doner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Satinder K Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Srikarthika Jambunathan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher N James
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Schami
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Olga Yurchenko
- USDA-ARS, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - John M Dyer
- USDA-ARS, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
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Kiegerl B, Tavassoli M, Smart H, Shabits BN, Zaremberg V, Athenstaedt K. Phosphorylation of the lipid droplet localized glycerol‑3‑phosphate acyltransferase Gpt2 prevents a futile triacylglycerol cycle in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:158509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roman M, Wrobel TP, Panek A, Paluszkiewicz C, Kwiatek WM. Nanoscale AFM-IR spectroscopic imaging of lipid heterogeneity and effect of irradiation in prostate cancer cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:425502. [PMID: 31300624 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab31dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of the AFM-IR technique, which combines nanoscale imaging with chemical contrast through infrared spectroscopy, opened up new fields for exploration, which were out of reach for other modalities, e.g. Raman spectroscopy. Lipid droplets (LDs) are key organelles, which are associated with stress response mechanisms in cells and their size falls into that niche. LDs composition is heterogeneous and varies depending on cancer cell type and the tumor microenvironment. Prostate cancer cells show a unique lipid metabolism manifested by an increased requirement for lipid accumulation in cytosolic LDs. In the current work, AFM-IR nanoimaging was undertaken to analyze lipids in untreated and x-ray irradiated PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Cells poor in LDs showed slightly increased lipid signal in cytoplasm close to the nucleus. On the other hand, high lipid signal coming from LDs accumulation could be found in any part of the cytoplasmic region. The observed behavior was found to be independent from irradiation and its dose. According to the band assignment of the collected AFM-IR spectra, the main components of LDs were assigned to cholesteryl esters. The size of LDs present in cells poor in lipids was found to be of less than 1 μm, whereas LDs aggregates spread out over a few microns. Analysis of AFM-IR spectra shows relative homogeneity of LDs composition in single cells and heterogeneity of LDs content within the PC-3 cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Roman
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
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MIGA2 Links Mitochondria, the ER, and Lipid Droplets and Promotes De Novo Lipogenesis in Adipocytes. Mol Cell 2019; 76:811-825.e14. [PMID: 31628041 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical contact between organelles is vital to the function of eukaryotic cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles specialized in lipid storage that interact physically with mitochondria in several cell types. The mechanisms coupling these organelles are, however, poorly understood, and the cell-biological function of their interaction remains largely unknown. Here, we discover in adipocytes that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein MIGA2 links mitochondria to LDs. We identify an amphipathic LD-targeting motif and reveal that MIGA2 binds to the membrane proteins VAP-A or VAP-B in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We find that in adipocytes MIGA2 is involved in promoting triglyceride (TAG) synthesis from non-lipid precursors. Our data indicate that MIGA2 links reactions of de novo lipogenesis in mitochondria to TAG production in the ER, thereby facilitating efficient lipid storage in LDs. Based on its presence in many tissues, MIGA2 is likely critical for lipid and energy homeostasis in a wide spectrum of cell types.
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41
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The biogenesis of lipid droplets: Lipids take center stage. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100989. [PMID: 31351098 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are multi-functional cellular organelles that store energy, and regulate many aspects of cell physiology. However, our understanding of the biogenesis of LDs remains very limited. Originating from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), LDs are highly unique organelles in that each LD is bounded by a monolayer of amphipathic lipids. Recent progress has unveiled critical roles of non-bilayer lipids in LD formation. For instance, non-bilayer lipids such as lysophospholipids, diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid (PA) can impact the curvature, surface and line tension of the ER, thereby impacting LD biogenesis. Two well-known regulators of LD formation, FIT2/FITM2 and seipin, have both been implicated in controlling the metabolism and/or distribution of non-bilayer lipids. We summarize and integrate these recent advances and propose that non-bilayer lipids may play a critical role in each step of LD biogenesis.
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Li N, Saitou M, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. The Role of p38 MAPK in Triacylglycerol Accumulation during Apoptosis. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900160. [PMID: 31099964 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are emerging as key regulators of apoptosis. Specific lipid species are associated with apoptosis with important functional roles, but the understanding of the regulation of these lipid species is still limited. It has been previously shown by our laboratory that polyunsaturated triacylglycerols accumulate and get stored within lipid droplets during apoptosis via activated glycerolipid biosynthesis. In this work, the biochemical mechanisms that result in the activation of glycerolipid biosynthesis and, consequently, triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation during apoptosis are investigated. The transcriptomes of control and apoptotic HCT-116 cells are compared and gene enrichment analysis revealed the upregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). It is shown that p38 MAPK regulates triacylglycerol biosynthesis through diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 during apoptosis. Perilipin 2 and cytosolic phospholipase A2delta are also shown to be involved in lipid droplet and polyunsaturated triacylglycerol accumulation in this process. Overall, the results provide new insights into the upregulation of glycerolipid synthesis during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasi Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Marie Saitou
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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Thiam AR, Dugail I. Lipid droplet-membrane contact sites - from protein binding to function. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/12/jcs230169. [PMID: 31209063 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the general context of an increasing prevalence of obesity-associated diseases, which follows changing paradigms in food consumption and worldwide use of industry-transformed foodstuffs, much attention has been given to the consequences of excessive fattening on health. Highly related to this clinical problem, studies at the cellular and molecular level are focused on the fundamental mechanism of lipid handling in dedicated lipid droplet (LD) organelles. This Review briefly summarizes how views on LD functions have evolved from those of a specialized intracellular compartment dedicated to lipid storage to exerting a more generalized role in the stress response. We focus on the current understanding of how proteins bind to LDs and determine their function, and on the new paradigms that have emerged from the discoveries of the multiple contact sites formed by LDs. We argue that elucidating the important roles of LD tethering to other cellular organelles allows for a better understanding of LD diversity and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- U1269 INSERM/Sorbonne Université, Nutriomics, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
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Tomaipitinca L, Mandatori S, Mancinelli R, Giulitti F, Petrungaro S, Moresi V, Facchiano A, Ziparo E, Gaudio E, Giampietri C. The Role of Autophagy in Liver Epithelial Cells and Its Impact on Systemic Homeostasis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040827. [PMID: 30979078 PMCID: PMC6521167 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes as it controls the turnover rate of cellular components and influences cellular homeostasis. The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms’ metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synthesis and the removal of toxic substances. Liver functions are particularly sensitive to autophagy modulation. In this review we summarize studies investigating how autophagy influences the hepatic metabolism, focusing on fat accumulation and lipids turnover. We also describe how autophagy affects bile production and the scavenger function within the complex homeostasis of the liver. We underline the role of hepatic autophagy in counteracting the metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk. Finally, we highlight recent reports demonstrating how the autophagy occurring within the liver may affect skeletal muscle homeostasis as well as different extrahepatic solid tumors, such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Mandatori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Giulitti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Petrungaro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elio Ziparo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Preuss C, Jelenik T, Bódis K, Müssig K, Burkart V, Szendroedi J, Roden M, Markgraf DF. A New Targeted Lipidomics Approach Reveals Lipid Droplets in Liver, Muscle and Heart as a Repository for Diacylglycerol and Ceramide Species in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030277. [PMID: 30909521 PMCID: PMC6468791 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is frequently associated with excessive accumulation of lipids in ectopic tissue and presents a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Diacylglycerols (DAGs) and ceramides (CERs) were identified as key players in lipid-induced insulin resistance, typical for such diseases. Recent results suggest that the subcellular distribution of these lipids affects their lipotoxic properties. However, the subcellular dynamics of these lipids and the role of lipid droplets (LDs) as a potential storage site is not understood. Here, we developed a liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-method for the rapid and simultaneous quantification of DAG and CER species in tissue sample fractions. The assay is characterized by excellent recovery of analytes, limit of quantification, accuracy and precision. We established a fractionation protocol that allows the separation of subcellular tissue fractions. This method was subsequently tested to measure the concentration of DAGs and CERs in subcellular fractions of human muscle and several mouse tissues. In a mouse model of NAFLD, application of this method revealed a prominent role for LDs as repository for lipotoxic DAG and CER species. In conclusion, the new method proved as a valuable tool to analyse the subcellular dynamics of lipotoxins, related to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, T2D and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Preuss
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Tomas Jelenik
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Kálmán Bódis
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel F Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Varghese M, Kimler VA, Ghazi FR, Rathore GK, Perkins GA, Ellisman MH, Granneman JG. Adipocyte lipolysis affects Perilipin 5 and cristae organization at the cardiac lipid droplet-mitochondrial interface. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4734. [PMID: 30894648 PMCID: PMC6426865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of elevated fatty acid (FA) supply from adipose tissue on the ultrastructure of cardiac lipid droplets (LDs) and the expression and organization of LD scaffold proteins perilipin-2 (PLIN2) and perilipin-5 (PLIN5). Stimulation of adipocyte lipolysis by fasting (24 h) or β3-adrenergic receptor activation by CL316, 243 (CL) increased cardiac triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and LD size, whereas CL treatment also increased LD number. LDs were tightly associated with mitochondria, which was maintained during LD expansion. Electron tomography (ET) studies revealed continuity of LD and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), suggesting interconnections among LDs. Under fed ad libitum conditions, the cristae of mitochondria that apposed LD were mostly organized perpendicularly to the tangent of the LD surface. Fasting significantly reduced, whereas CL treatment greatly increased, the perpendicular alignment of mitochondrial cristae. Fasting and CL treatment strongly upregulated PLIN5 protein and PLIN2 to a lesser extent. Immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy demonstrated strong targeting of PLIN5 to the cardiac LD-mitochondrial interface, but not to the mitochondrial matrix. CL treatment augmented PLIN5 targeting to the LD-mitochondrial interface, whereas PLIN2 was not significantly affected. Together, our results support the concept that the interface between LD and cardiac mitochondria represents an organized and dynamic "metabolic synapse" that is highly responsive to FA trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Varghese
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Victoria A Kimler
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Fariha R Ghazi
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Gurnoor K Rathore
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Ajjaji D, Ben M'barek K, Mimmack ML, England C, Herscovitz H, Dong L, Kay RG, Patel S, Saudek V, Small DM, Savage DB, Thiam AR. Dual binding motifs underpin the hierarchical association of perilipins1-3 with lipid droplets. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:703-716. [PMID: 30649995 PMCID: PMC6589688 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-08-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) in all eukaryotic cells are coated with at least one of the perilipin (Plin) family of proteins. They all regulate key intracellular lipases but do so to significantly different extents. Where more than one Plin is expressed in a cell, they associate with LDs in a hierarchical manner. In vivo, this means that lipid flux control in a particular cell or tissue type is heavily influenced by the specific Plins present on its LDs. Despite their early discovery, exactly how Plins target LDs and why they displace each other in a "hierarchical" manner remains unclear. They all share an amino-terminal 11-mer repeat (11mr) amphipathic region suggested to be involved in LD targeting. Here, we show that, in vivo, this domain functions as a primary highly reversible LD targeting motif in Plin1-3, and, in vitro, we document reversible and competitive binding between a wild-type purified Plin1 11mr peptide and a mutant with reduced binding affinity to both "naked" and phospholipid-coated oil-water interfaces. We also present data suggesting that a second carboxy-terminal 4-helix bundle domain stabilizes LD binding in Plin1 more effectively than in Plin2, whereas it weakens binding in Plin3. These findings suggest that dual amphipathic helical regions mediate LD targeting and underpin the hierarchical binding of Plin1-3 to LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Ajjaji
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kalthoum Ben M'barek
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michael L. Mimmack
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl England
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Haya Herscovitz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Liang Dong
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Kay
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Satish Patel
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Donald M. Small
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - David B. Savage
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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48
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Deyarmin JS, McCormley MC, Champagne CD, Stephan AP, Busqueta LP, Crocker DE, Houser DS, Khudyakov JI. Blubber transcriptome responses to repeated ACTH administration in a marine mammal. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2718. [PMID: 30804370 PMCID: PMC6390094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic physiological stress impacts animal fitness by catabolizing metabolic stores and suppressing reproduction. This can be especially deleterious for capital breeding carnivores such as marine mammals, with potential for ecosystem-wide effects. However, the impacts and indicators of chronic stress in animals are currently poorly understood. To identify downstream mediators of repeated stress responses in marine mammals, we administered adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) once daily for four days to free-ranging juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) to stimulate endogenous corticosteroid release, and compared blubber tissue transcriptome responses to the first and fourth ACTH administrations. Gene expression profiles were distinct between blubber responses to single and repeated ACTH administration, despite similarities in circulating cortisol profiles. We identified 61 and 12 genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) in response to the first ACTH and fourth administrations, respectively, 24 DEGs between the first and fourth pre-ACTH samples, and 12 DEGs between ACTH response samples from the first and fourth days. Annotated DEGs were associated with functions in redox and lipid homeostasis, suggesting potential negative impacts of repeated stress on capital breeding, diving mammals. DEGs identified in this study are potential markers of repeated stress in marine mammals, which may not be detectable by endocrine profiles alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Deyarmin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Molly C McCormley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Cory D Champagne
- Conservation and Biological Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | - Alicia P Stephan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Laura Pujade Busqueta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Biology Department, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA
| | - Dorian S Houser
- Conservation and Biological Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | - Jane I Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA.
- Conservation and Biological Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA.
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Harwood G, Amdam G, Freitak D. The role of Vitellogenin in the transfer of immune elicitors from gut to hypopharyngeal glands in honey bees (Apis mellifera). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 112:90-100. [PMID: 30578811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Female insects that survive a pathogen attack can produce more pathogen-resistant offspring in a process called trans-generational immune priming. In the honey bee (Apis mellifera), the egg-yolk precursor protein Vitellogenin transports fragments of pathogen cells into the egg, thereby setting the stage for a recruitment of immunological defenses prior to hatching. Honey bees live in complex societies where reproduction and communal tasks are divided between a queen and her sterile female workers. Worker bees metabolize Vitellogenin to synthesize royal jelly, a protein-rich glandular secretion fed to the queen and young larvae. We ask if workers can participate in trans-generational immune priming by transferring pathogen fragments to the queen or larvae via royal jelly. As a first step toward answering this question, we tested whether worker-ingested bacterial fragments can be transported to jelly-producing glands, and what role Vitellogenin plays in this transport. To do this, we fed fluorescently labelled Escherichia coli to workers with experimentally manipulated levels of Vitellogenin. We found that bacterial fragments were transported to the glands of control workers, while they were not detected at the glands of workers subjected to RNA interference-mediated Vitellogenin gene knockdown, suggesting that Vitellogenin plays a role in this transport. Our results provide initial evidence that trans-generational immune priming may operate at a colony-wide level in honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Harwood
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA.
| | - Gro Amdam
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Dalial Freitak
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biology, Division of Zoology, University of Graz, A8010 Graz, Austria
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50
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Raze D, Verwaerde C, Deloison G, Werkmeister E, Coupin B, Loyens M, Brodin P, Rouanet C, Locht C. Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin Adhesin (HBHA) Is Involved in Intracytosolic Lipid Inclusions Formation in Mycobacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2258. [PMID: 30333800 PMCID: PMC6176652 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin (HBHA) is an important virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a surface-displayed protein that serves as an adhesin for non-phagocytic cells and is involved in extra-pulmonary dissemination of the tubercle bacillus. It is also an important latency antigen useful for the diagnosis of latently M. tuberculosis-infected individuals. Using fluorescence time-lapse microscopy on mycobacteria that produce HBHA-green fluorescent protein chimera, we show here that HBHA can be found at two different locations and dynamically alternates between the mycobacterial surface and the interior of the cell, where it participates in the formation of intracytosolic lipid inclusions (ILI). Compared to HBHA-producing mycobacteria, HBHA-deficient mutants contain significantly lower amounts of ILI when grown in vitro or within macrophages, and the sizes of their ILI are significantly smaller. Lipid-binding assays indicate that HBHA is able to specifically bind to phosphatidylinositol and in particular to 4,5 di-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol, but not to neutral lipids, the main constituents of ILI. HBHA derivatives lacking the C-terminal methylated, lysine-rich repeat region fail to bind to these lipids and these derivatives also fail to complement the phenotype of HBHA-deficient mutants. These studies indicate that HBHA is a moonlighting protein that serves several functions depending on its location. When surface exposed, HBHA serves as an adhesin, and when intracellularly localized, it participates in the generation of ILI, possibly as a cargo to transport phospholipids from the plasma membrane to the ILI in the process of being formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Raze
- CNRS UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Claudie Verwaerde
- CNRS UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gaspard Deloison
- CNRS UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Elisabeth Werkmeister
- CNRS UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Baptiste Coupin
- CNRS UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marc Loyens
- CNRS UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- CNRS UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Carine Rouanet
- CNRS UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Locht
- CNRS UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
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