1
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Cirillo F, Spinelli A, Talia M, Scordamaglia D, Santolla MF, Grande F, Rizzuti B, Maggiolini M, Gérard C, Lappano R. Estetrol/GPER/SERPINB2 transduction signaling inhibits the motility of triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:450. [PMID: 38741146 PMCID: PMC11089683 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estetrol (E4) is a natural estrogen produced by the fetal liver during pregnancy. Due to its favorable safety profile, E4 was recently approved as estrogenic component of a new combined oral contraceptive. E4 is a selective ligand of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ, but its binding to the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) has not been described to date. Therefore, we aimed to explore E4 action in GPER-positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cells. METHODS The potential interaction between E4 and GPER was investigated by molecular modeling and binding assays. The whole transcriptomic modulation triggered by E4 in TNBC cells via GPER was explored through high-throughput RNA sequencing analyses. Gene and protein expression evaluations as well as migration and invasion assays allowed us to explore the involvement of the GPER-mediated induction of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (SERPINB2) in the biological responses triggered by E4 in TNBC cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was aimed at recognizing the biological significance of SERPINB2 in ER-negative breast cancer patients. RESULTS After the molecular characterization of the E4 binding capacity to GPER, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (SERPINB2) is one of the most up-regulated genes by E4 in a GPER-dependent manner. Worthy, we demonstrated that the GPER-mediated increase of SERPINB2 is engaged in the anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects elicited by E4 in TNBC cells. In accordance with these findings, a correlation between SERPINB2 levels and a good clinical outcome was found in ER-negative breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results provide new insights into the mechanisms through which E4 can halt migratory and invasive features of TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Asia Spinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Marianna Talia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Domenica Scordamaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Santolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- Department of Physics, CNR-NANOTEC, SS Rende (CS), University of Calabria, Rende, CS, 87036, Italy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Céline Gérard
- Mithra Pharmaceutical, Rue Saint-Georges 5, Liège, 4000, Belgium.
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy.
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2
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Xu X, Xu S, Wan J, Wang D, Pang X, Gao Y, Ni N, Chen D, Sun X. Disturbing cytoskeleton by engineered nanomaterials for enhanced cancer therapeutics. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:50-71. [PMID: 37621771 PMCID: PMC10444958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton plays a significant role in the shape change, migration, movement, adhesion, cytokinesis, and phagocytosis of tumor cells. In clinical practice, some anti-cancer drugs achieve cytoskeletal therapeutic effects by acting on different cytoskeletal protein components. However, in the absence of cell-specific targeting, unnecessary cytoskeletal recombination in organisms would be disastrous, which would also bring about severe side effects during anticancer process. Nanomedicine have been proven to be superior to some small molecule drugs in cancer treatment due to better stability and targeting, and lower side effects. Therefore, this review summarized the recent developments of various nanomaterials disturbing cytoskeleton for enhanced cancer therapeutics, including carbon, noble metals, metal oxides, black phosphorus, calcium, silicon, polymers, peptides, and metal-organic frameworks, etc. A comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of cytoskeleton therapy as well as the future prospects and challenges towards clinical application were also discussed. We aim to drive on this emerging topic through refreshing perspectives based on our own work and what we have also learnt from others. This review will help researchers quickly understand relevant cytoskeletal therapeutic information to further advance the development of cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Xu
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Shanbin Xu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jipeng Wan
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Diqing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xinlong Pang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Nengyi Ni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Dawei Chen
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
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3
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Ravid Y, Penič S, Mimori-Kiyosue Y, Suetsugu S, Iglič A, Gov NS. Theoretical model of membrane protrusions driven by curved active proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1153420. [PMID: 37228585 PMCID: PMC10203436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells intrinsically change their shape, by changing the composition of their membrane and by restructuring their underlying cytoskeleton. We present here further studies and extensions of a minimal physical model, describing a closed vesicle with mobile curved membrane protein complexes. The cytoskeletal forces describe the protrusive force due to actin polymerization which is recruited to the membrane by the curved protein complexes. We characterize the phase diagrams of this model, as function of the magnitude of the active forces, nearest-neighbor protein interactions and the proteins' spontaneous curvature. It was previously shown that this model can explain the formation of lamellipodia-like flat protrusions, and here we explore the regimes where the model can also give rise to filopodia-like tubular protrusions. We extend the simulation with curved components of both convex and concave species, where we find the formation of complex ruffled clusters, as well as internalized invaginations that resemble the process of endocytosis and macropinocytosis. We alter the force model representing the cytoskeleton to simulate the effects of bundled instead of branched structure, resulting in shapes which resemble filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Ravid
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Samo Penič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yuko Mimori-Kiyosue
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Minatojima-minaminachi, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
- Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nir S. Gov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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4
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Wang JM, Li ZF, Qi HY, Zhao Z, Yang WX. es-Arp3 and es-Eps8 regulate spermatogenesis via microfilaments in the seminiferous tubule of Eriocheir sinensis. Tissue Cell 2023; 81:102028. [PMID: 36709695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complicated process that includes spermatogonia differentiation, spermatocytes meiosis, spermatids spermiogenesis and final release of spermatozoa. Actin-related protein 3 (Arp3) and epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8) are two actin binding proteins that regulate cell adhesion in seminiferous tubules during mammalian spermatogenesis. However, the functions of these two proteins during spermatogenesis in nonmammalian species, especially Crustacea, are still unknown. Here, we cloned es-Arp3 and es-Eps8 from the testis of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. es-Arp3 and es-Eps8 were located in spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Knockdown of es-Arp3 and es-Eps8 in vivo caused morphological changes to seminiferous tubules including delayed spermatozoa release, shedding of germ cells and vacuoles. Filamentous-actin (F-actin) filaments network was disorganized due to deficiency of es-Arp3 and es-Eps8. Accompanying this, four junctional proteins (α-catenin, β-catenin, pinin and ZO1) displayed abnormal expression levels as well as penetrating biotin signals in seminiferous tubules. We also used the Arp2/3 complex inhibitor CK666 to block es-Arp3 activity and supported es-Arp3 knockdown results. In summary, our study demonstrated for the first time that es-Arp3 and es-Eps8 are important for spermatogenesis via regulating microfilament-mediated cell adhesion in Eriocheir sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong-Yu Qi
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhan Zhao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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5
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Chen Q, Xiao M, Dai F, Zhang Y, Li J, Huo Y, Huang Z, Fang Y, Wei T. Mitochondrial elongation factor 4 modulates energy metabolism and promotes breast cancer metastasis by orchestration of mitochondrial translation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 737:109556. [PMID: 36863693 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
To cope with the requirements of energy and building blocks for rapid proliferation, cancer cells reprogram their metabolic pathways profoundly, especially in oxygen- and nutrients-deficient tumor microenvironments. However, functional mitochondria and mitochondria-dependent oxidative phosphorylation are still necessary for the tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. We show here that mitochondrial elongation factor 4 (mtEF4) is commonly upregulated in breast tumors compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and is relevant to tumor progression and poor prognosis. Down regulation of mtEF4 in breast cancer cells impairs the assembly of mitochondrial respiration complexes, decreases mitochondrial respiration, reduces ATP production, attenuates the formation of lamellipodia, and suppresses cell motility in vitro and cancer metastasis in vivo. On the contrary, upregulation of mtEF4 elevates the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which contributes to the migratory capacities of breast cancer cells. mtEF4 also increases the potential of glycolysis, probably via an AMPK-related mechanism. In summary, we provide direct evidences that the aberrantly upregulated mtEF4 contributes to the metastasis of breast cancer by coordinating metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Dai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiayun Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanwu Huo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Taotao Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
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6
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Hein JI, Scholz J, Körber S, Kaufmann T, Faix J. Unleashed Actin Assembly in Capping Protein-Deficient B16-F1 Cells Enables Identification of Multiple Factors Contributing to Filopodium Formation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060890. [PMID: 36980231 PMCID: PMC10047565 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like actin-filament bundles that overcome membrane tension by forces generated through actin polymerization at their tips to allow extension of these structures a few microns beyond the cell periphery. Actin assembly of these protrusions is regulated by accessory proteins including heterodimeric capping protein (CP) or Ena/VASP actin polymerases to either terminate or promote filament growth. Accordingly, the depletion of CP in B16-F1 melanoma cells was previously shown to cause an explosive formation of filopodia. In Ena/VASP-deficient cells, CP depletion appeared to result in ruffling instead of inducing filopodia, implying that Ena/VASP proteins are absolutely essential for filopodia formation. However, this hypothesis was not yet experimentally confirmed. Methods: Here, we used B16-F1 cells and CRISPR/Cas9 technology to eliminate CP either alone or in combination with Ena/VASP or other factors residing at filopodia tips, followed by quantifications of filopodia length and number. Results: Unexpectedly, we find massive formations of filopodia even in the absence of CP and Ena/VASP proteins. Notably, combined inactivation of Ena/VASP, unconventional myosin-X and the formin FMNL3 was required to markedly impair filopodia formation in CP-deficient cells. Conclusions: Taken together, our results reveal that, besides Ena/VASP proteins, numerous other factors contribute to filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Faix
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-2928
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7
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Meng Z, Li Z, Xie M, Yu H, Jiang L, Yao X. TM9SF4 is an F-actin disassembly factor that promotes tumor progression and metastasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5728. [PMID: 36175399 PMCID: PMC9522921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
F-actin dynamics is crucial for many fundamental properties of cancer cells, from cell-substrate adhesion to migration, invasion and metastasis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of actin dynamics are still incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate the function of a protein named TM9SF4 in regulating actin dynamics and controlling cancer cell motility and metastasis. We show that an N-terminal fragment (NTF) cleaved from TM9SF4 can directly bind to F-actin to induce actin oxidation at Cys374, consequently enhancing cofilin-mediated F-actin disassembly. Knockdown of TM9SF4 reduces cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells A2780, SKOV3 and several high grade serous ovarian cancer lines (HGSOCs). In vivo, knockdown of TM9SF4 completely abolishes the tumor growth and metastasis in athymic nude mice. These data provide mechanistic insights into TM9SF4-mediated regulation of actin dynamics in ovarian cancer cells. F-actin dynamics influence cancer cell motility. Here the authors show that TM9SF4 facilitates the cofilin-induced disassembly of F-actin to promote cancer cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Meng
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxu Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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8
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Tang X, Zhang Y, Mao J, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Yang H. Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:560-569. [PMID: 35860456 PMCID: PMC9263554 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness of the extracellular matrix of tumour cells plays a key role in tumour cell metastasis. However, it is unclear how mechanical properties regulate the cellular response to the environmental matrix. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser confocal imaging were used to qualitatively evaluate the relationship between substrate stiffness and migration of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Cells cultured on stiff substrates (35 kPa) undergone several interesting phenomena compared to those on soft substrates (3 kPa). Here, the stimulation generated by the stiff substrates triggered the F-actin skeleton to bundle its filaments, increasing the polarity index of the external contour of PCa cells. Analysis of AFM force-distance curves indicated that the elasticity of the cells cultured on 35 kPa substrates increased while the viscosity decreased. Wound-healing experiments showed that PCa cells cultured on 35 kPa substrates have higher migration potential. These phenomena suggested that the mechanical properties may be correlated with the migration of PCa cells. After actin depolymerisation, the elasticity of the PCa cells decreased while the viscosity increased, and the migration ability was correspondingly decreased. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated the relationship between substrate stiffness and the mechanical properties of cells in prostate tumour metastasis, providing a basis for understanding the changes in the biomechanical properties at a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhenghong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Hongqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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9
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The Actin Cytoskeleton Responds to Inflammatory Cues and Alters Macrophage Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111806. [PMID: 35681501 PMCID: PMC9180445 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Much remains to be learned about the molecular mechanisms underlying a class of human disorders called actinopathies. These genetic disorders are characterized by loss-of-function mutations in actin-associated proteins that affect immune cells, leading to human immunopathology. However, much remains to be learned about how cytoskeletal dysregulation promotes immunological dysfunction. The current study reveals that the macrophage actin cytoskeleton responds to LPS/IFNγ stimulation in a biphasic manner that involves cellular contraction followed by cellular spreading. Myosin II inhibition by blebbistatin blocks the initial contraction phase and lowers iNOS protein levels and nitric oxide secretion. Conversely, conditional deletion of Arp2/3 complex in macrophages attenuates spreading and increases nitric oxide secretion. However, iNOS transcription is not altered by loss of myosin II or Arp2/3 function, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of iNOS by the cytoskeleton. Consistent with this idea, proteasome inhibition reverses the effects of blebbistatin and rescues iNOS protein levels. Arp2/3-deficient macrophages demonstrate two additional phenotypes: defective MHCII surface localization, and depressed secretion of the T cell chemokine CCL22. These data suggest that interplay between myosin II and Arp2/3 influences macrophage activity, and potentially impacts adaptive-innate immune coordination. Disrupting this balance could have detrimental impacts, particularly in the context of Arp2/3-associated actinopathies.
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10
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Szikora S, Görög P, Mihály J. The Mechanisms of Thin Filament Assembly and Length Regulation in Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5306. [PMID: 35628117 PMCID: PMC9140763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin containing tropomyosin and troponin decorated thin filaments form one of the crucial components of the contractile apparatus in muscles. The thin filaments are organized into densely packed lattices interdigitated with myosin-based thick filaments. The crossbridge interactions between these myofilaments drive muscle contraction, and the degree of myofilament overlap is a key factor of contractile force determination. As such, the optimal length of the thin filaments is critical for efficient activity, therefore, this parameter is precisely controlled according to the workload of a given muscle. Thin filament length is thought to be regulated by two major, but only partially understood mechanisms: it is set by (i) factors that mediate the assembly of filaments from monomers and catalyze their elongation, and (ii) by factors that specify their length and uniformity. Mutations affecting these factors can alter the length of thin filaments, and in human cases, many of them are linked to debilitating diseases such as nemaline myopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Szikora
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Péter Görög
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Mihály
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Miles L, Powell J, Kozak C, Song Y. Mechanosensitive Ion Channels, Axonal Growth, and Regeneration. Neuroscientist 2022:10738584221088575. [PMID: 35414308 PMCID: PMC9556659 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221088575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli by converting those stimuli into biological signals, a process known as mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction is essential in diverse cellular functions, including tissue development, touch sensitivity, pain, and neuronal pathfinding. In the search for key players of mechanotransduction, several families of ion channels were identified as being mechanosensitive and were demonstrated to be activated directly by mechanical forces in both the membrane bilayer and the cytoskeleton. More recently, Piezo ion channels were discovered as a bona fide mechanosensitive ion channel, and its characterization led to a cascade of research that revealed the diverse functions of Piezo proteins and, in particular, their involvement in neuronal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann Miles
- The Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jackson Powell
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Casey Kozak
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuanquan Song
- The Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Timsit Y, Grégoire SP. Towards the Idea of Molecular Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111868. [PMID: 34769300 PMCID: PMC8584932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How can single cells without nervous systems perform complex behaviours such as habituation, associative learning and decision making, which are considered the hallmark of animals with a brain? Are there molecular systems that underlie cognitive properties equivalent to those of the brain? This review follows the development of the idea of molecular brains from Darwin’s “root brain hypothesis”, through bacterial chemotaxis, to the recent discovery of neuron-like r-protein networks in the ribosome. By combining a structural biology view with a Bayesian brain approach, this review explores the evolutionary labyrinth of information processing systems across scales. Ribosomal protein networks open a window into what were probably the earliest signalling systems to emerge before the radiation of the three kingdoms. While ribosomal networks are characterised by long-lasting interactions between their protein nodes, cell signalling networks are essentially based on transient interactions. As a corollary, while signals propagated in persistent networks may be ephemeral, networks whose interactions are transient constrain signals diffusing into the cytoplasm to be durable in time, such as post-translational modifications of proteins or second messenger synthesis. The duration and nature of the signals, in turn, implies different mechanisms for the integration of multiple signals and decision making. Evolution then reinvented networks with persistent interactions with the development of nervous systems in metazoans. Ribosomal protein networks and simple nervous systems display architectural and functional analogies whose comparison could suggest scale invariance in information processing. At the molecular level, the significant complexification of eukaryotic ribosomal protein networks is associated with a burst in the acquisition of new conserved aromatic amino acids. Knowing that aromatic residues play a critical role in allosteric receptors and channels, this observation suggests a general role of π systems and their interactions with charged amino acids in multiple signal integration and information processing. We think that these findings may provide the molecular basis for designing future computers with organic processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri Timsit
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM110, 13288 Marseille, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergeant-Perthuis Grégoire
- Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu—Paris Rive Gauche (IMJ-PRG), UMR 7586, CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;
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13
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Mechanical Intermittent Compression Affects the Progression Rate of Malignant Melanoma Cells in a Cycle Period-Dependent Manner. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061112. [PMID: 34207144 PMCID: PMC8234529 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Static mechanical compression is a biomechanical factor that affects the progression of melanoma cells. However, little is known about how dynamic mechanical compression affects the progression of melanoma cells. In the present study, we show that mechanical intermittent compression affects the progression rate of malignant melanoma cells in a cycle period-dependent manner. Our results suggest that intermittent compression with a cycle of 2 h on/2 h off could suppress the progression rate of melanoma cells by suppressing the elongation of F-actin filaments and mRNA expression levels related to collagen degradation. In contrast, intermittent compression with a cycle of 4 h on/4 h off could promote the progression rate of melanoma cells by promoting cell proliferation and mRNA expression levels related to collagen degradation. Mechanical intermittent compression could therefore affect the progression rate of malignant melanoma cells in a cycle period-dependent manner. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the physiological responses of melanoma cells to dynamic mechanical compression.
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Ali R, Mir HA, Hamid R, Shah RA, Khanday FA, Bhat SS. Jasplakinolide Attenuates Cell Migration by Impeding Alpha-1-syntrophin Protein Phosphorylation in Breast Cancer Cells. Protein J 2021; 40:234-244. [PMID: 33515365 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-1-syntrophin (SNTA1) is emerging as a novel modulator of the actin cytoskeleton. SNTA1 binds to F-actin and regulates intracellular localization and activity of various actin organizing signaling molecules. Aberration in syntrophin signaling has been closely linked with deregulated growth connected to tumor development/metastasis and its abnormal over expression has been observed in breast cancer. In the present work the effect of jasplakinolide, an actin-binding cyclodepsipeptide, on the SNTA1 protein activity and SNTA1 mediated downstream cellular events was studied in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. METHODS SNTA1 protein levels and phosphorylation status were determined in MDA-MB-231 cells post jasplakinolide exposure using western blotting and immunoprecipitation techniques respectively. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with WT SNTA1 and DM SNTA1 (Y215/229 phospho mutant) and simultaneously treated with jasplakinolide. The effect of jasplakinolide and SNTA1 protein on cell migration was determined using the boyden chamber assay. RESULTS Jasplakinolide treatment decreases proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in both dose and time dependent manner. Results suggest that subtoxic doses of jasplakinolide induce morphological changes in MDA-MB-231 cells from flat spindle shape adherent cells to round weakly adherent forms. Mechanistically, jasplakinolide treatment was found to decrease SNTA1 protein levels and its tyrosine phosphorylation status. Moreover, migratory potential of jasplakinolide treated cells was significantly inhibited in comparison to control cells. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that jasplakinolide inhibits cell migration by impairing SNTA1 functioning in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshia Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Rabia Hamid
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Riaz A Shah
- Division of Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Firdous A Khanday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India.
| | - Sahar Saleem Bhat
- Division of Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Srinagar, J&K, India.
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15
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Huang Q, Zhou Z, Yan F, Dong Q, Wang L, Sha W, Xu Q, Zhu X, Zhao L. Low-dose X-ray irradiation induces morphological changes and cytoskeleton reorganization in osteoblasts. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:283. [PMID: 33209127 PMCID: PMC7668146 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, research into the biological effects of low dose X-ray irradiation (LDI) has been a focus of interest. Numerous studies have suggested that cells exhibit different responses and biological effects to LDI compared with high doses. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that LDI may promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro, thereby accelerating fracture healing in mice. However, the exact mechanism of action by which LDI exerts its effects remains unclear. Previous studies using microarrays revealed that LDI promoted the expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton. In the current study, the effect of X-ray irradiation (0.5 and 5 Gy) on the morphology of MC3T3-E1 cells and fiber actin organization was investigated. Osteoblasts were treated with 0, 0.5 and 5 Gy X- ray irradiation, following which changes in the actin cytoskeleton were observed. The levels of RhoA, ROCK, cofilin and phosphorylated-cofilin were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Subsequently, osteoblasts were pretreated with ROCK specific inhibitor Y27632 to observe the changes of actin skeleton after X-ray irradiation. The results demonstrated that the cellular morphological changes were closely associated with radiation dose and exposure time. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of small GTPase RhoA and its effectors were increased following LDI. These results indicated that the RhoA/Rho-associated kinase pathway may serve a significant role in regulating LDI-induced osteoblast cytoskeleton reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Qirong Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Sha
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
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16
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Gupta CM, Ambaru B, Bajaj R. Emerging Functions of Actins and Actin Binding Proteins in Trypanosomatids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:587685. [PMID: 33163497 PMCID: PMC7581878 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is the major protein constituent of the cytoskeleton that performs wide range of cellular functions. It exists in monomeric and filamentous forms, dynamics of which is regulated by a large repertoire of actin binding proteins. However, not much was known about existence of these proteins in trypanosomatids, till the genome sequence data of three important organisms of this class, viz. Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania major, became available. Here, we have reviewed most of the findings reported to date on the intracellular distribution, structure and functions of these proteins and based on them, we have hypothesized some of their functions. The major findings are as follows: (1) All the three organisms encode at least a set of ten actin binding proteins (profilin, twinfilin, ADF/cofilin, CAP/srv2, CAPz, coronin, two myosins, two formins) and one isoform of actin, except that T. cruzi encodes for three formins and several myosins along with four actins. (2) Actin 1 and a few actin binding proteins (ADF/cofilin, profilin, twinfilin, coronin and myosin13 in L. donovani; ADF/cofilin, profilin and myosin1 in T. brucei; profilin and myosin-F in T.cruzi) have been identified and characterized. (3) In all the three organisms, actin cytoskeleton has been shown to regulate endocytosis and intracellular trafficking. (4) Leishmania actin1 has been the most characterized protein among trypanosomatid actins. (5) This protein is localized to the cytoplasm as well as in the flagellum, nucleus and kinetoplast, and in vitro, it binds to DNA and displays scDNA relaxing and kDNA nicking activities. (6) The pure protein prefers to form bundles instead of thin filaments, and does not bind DNase1 or phalloidin. (7) Myosin13, myosin1 and myosin-F regulate endocytosis and intracellular trafficking, respectively, in Leishmania, T. brucei and T. cruzi. (8) Actin-dependent myosin13 motor is involved in dynamics and assembly of Leishmania flagellum. (9) Leishmania twinfilin localizes mostly to the nucleolus and coordinates karyokinesis by effecting splindle elongation and DNA synthesis. (10) Leishmania coronin binds and promotes actin filament formation and exists in tetrameric form rather than trimeric form, like other coronins. (11) Trypanosomatid profilins are essential for survival of all the three parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhitar M Gupta
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bindu Ambaru
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rani Bajaj
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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17
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Dersch S, Reimold C, Stoll J, Breddermann H, Heimerl T, Defeu Soufo HJ, Graumann PL. Polymerization of Bacillus subtilis MreB on a lipid membrane reveals lateral co-polymerization of MreB paralogs and strong effects of cations on filament formation. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:76. [PMID: 33148162 PMCID: PMC7641798 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MreB is a bacterial ortholog of actin and forms mobile filaments underneath the cell membrane, perpendicular to the long axis of the cell, which play a crucial role for cell shape maintenance. We wished to visualize Bacillus subtilis MreB in vitro and therefore established a protocol to obtain monomeric protein, which could be polymerized on a planar membrane system, or associated with large membrane vesicles. RESULTS Using a planar membrane system and electron microscopy, we show that Bacillus subtilis MreB forms bundles of filaments, which can branch and fuse, with an average width of 70 nm. Fluorescence microscopy of non-polymerized YFP-MreB, CFP-Mbl and mCherry-MreBH proteins showed uniform binding to the membrane, suggesting that 2D diffusion along the membrane could facilitate filament formation. After addition of divalent magnesium and calcium ions, all three proteins formed highly disordered sheets of filaments that could split up or merge, such that at high protein concentration, MreB and its paralogs generated a network of filaments extending away from the membrane. Filament formation was positively affected by divalent ions and negatively by monovalent ions. YFP-MreB or CFP-Mbl also formed filaments between two adjacent membranes, which frequently has a curved appearance. New MreB, Mbl or MreBH monomers could add to the lateral side of preexisting filaments, and MreB paralogs co-polymerized, indicating direct lateral interaction between MreB paralogs. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that B. subtilis MreB paralogs do not easily form ordered filaments in vitro, possibly due to extensive lateral contacts, but can co-polymerise. Monomeric MreB, Mbl and MreBH uniformly bind to a membrane, and form irregular and frequently split up filamentous structures, facilitated by the addition of divalent ions, and counteracted by monovalent ions, suggesting that intracellular potassium levels may be one important factor to counteract extensive filament formation and filament splitting in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dersch
- Centre for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Hans-Meerwein Strasse 6, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein Strasse, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Reimold
- Centre for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Hans-Meerwein Strasse 6, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein Strasse, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Stoll
- Centre for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Hans-Meerwein Strasse 6, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein Strasse, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Heimerl
- Centre for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Hans-Meerwein Strasse 6, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Fachbereich Biologie, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 10, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hervé Joel Defeu Soufo
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter L Graumann
- Centre for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) Hans-Meerwein Strasse 6, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany. .,Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein Strasse, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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18
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Tong Z, Liu Y, Xia R, Chang Y, Hu Y, Liu P, Zhai Z, Zhang J, Li H. F-actin Regulates Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on TiO 2 Nanotubes Through MKL1 and YAP/TAZ. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:183. [PMID: 32965618 PMCID: PMC7511505 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03415-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in orthopedic implants. Modifying the nanotopography provides a new strategy to improve osseointegration of titanium substrates. Filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization, as a mechanical loading structure, is generally considered to be involved in cell migration, endocytosis, cell division, and cell shape maintenance. Whether F-actin is involved and how it functions in nanotube-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain to be elucidated. In this study, we fabricated TiO2 nanotubes on the surface of a titanium substrate by anodic oxidation and characterized their features by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to explore the osteogenic potential, the level of F-actin, and the expression of MKL1 and YAP/TAZ. Our results showed that the inner diameter and roughness of TiO2 nanotubes increased with the increase of the anodic oxidation voltage from 30 to 70 V, while their height was 2 μm consistently. Further, the larger the tube diameter, the stronger the ability of TiO2 nanotubes to promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Inhibiting F-actin polymerization by Cyto D inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MSCs as well as the expression of proteins contained in focal adhesion complexes such as vinculin (VCL) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In contrast, after Jasp treatment, polymerization of F-actin enhanced the expression of RhoA and transcription factors YAP/TAZ. Based on these data, we concluded that TiO2 nanotubes facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and this ability was enhanced with the increasing diameter of the nanotubes within a certain range (30-70 V). F-actin mediated this process through MKL1 and YAP/TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Runzhi Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyun Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zanjing Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Ambaru B, Gopalsamy A, Tammana TVS, Subramanya HS, Gupta CM. Actin sequestering protein, profilin, regulates intracellular vesicle transport in Leishmania. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 238:111280. [PMID: 32407750 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Profilins are the key regulators of actin dynamics in all eukaryotic cells. However, little information is available on their biochemical properties and functions in kinetoplastids, such as Trypanosoma and Leishmania. We show here that Leishmania parasites express only one homolog of profilin (LdPfn), which catalyzes nucleotide exchange on G-actin and promotes actin polymerization at its low concentrations. However, at high concentrations, it strongly inhibits the polymerization process by sequestering actin monomers. We further demonstrate that LdPfn binds to actin in Leishmania promastigotes, by both immunofluorescence microscopy and IgG affinity chromatography. Further, we reveal that this protein besides binding to poly-null-proline motifs, also binds more efficiently to PI(3,5)P2, which is found on early or late endosomes or lysosomes, than to PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3. Additionally, we show that heterozygous mutants of profilin display significantly slower growth and intracellular vesicle trafficking activity, which is reversed on episomal gene complementation. Together, these findings suggest that profilin regulates intracellular vesicle trafficking in Leishmania perhaps through its binding to polyphosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Ambaru
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase-I, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 100, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupriya Gopalsamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase-I, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 100, India
| | - T V Satish Tammana
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase-I, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 100, India
| | - Hosahalli S Subramanya
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase-I, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 100, India
| | - Chhitar M Gupta
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase-I, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 100, India.
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D-Loop Mutation G42A/G46A Decreases Actin Dynamics. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050736. [PMID: 32397190 PMCID: PMC7277580 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Depolymerization and polymerization of the actin filament are indispensable in eukaryotes. The DNase I binding loop (D-loop), which forms part of the interface between the subunits in the actin filament, is an intrinsically disordered loop with a large degree of conformational freedom. Introduction of the double mutation G42A/G46A to the D-loop of the beta cytoskeletal mammalian actin restricted D-loop conformational freedom, whereas changes to the critical concentration were not large, and no major structural changes were observed. Polymerization and depolymerization rates at both ends of the filament were reduced, and cofilin binding was inhibited by the double mutation. These results indicate that the two glycines at the tip of the D-loop are important for actin dynamics, most likely by contributing to the large degree of conformational freedom.
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21
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Hao H, Niu J, Xue B, Su QP, Liu M, Yang J, Qin J, Zhao S, Wu C, Sun Y. Golgi-associated microtubules are fast cargo tracks and required for persistent cell migration. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48385. [PMID: 31984633 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules derived from the Golgi (Golgi MTs) have been implicated to play critical roles in persistent cell migration, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, partially due to the lack of direct observation of Golgi MT-dependent vesicular trafficking. Here, using super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), we discovered that post-Golgi cargos are more enriched on Golgi MTs and also surprisingly move much faster than on non-Golgi MTs. We found that, compared to non-Golgi MTs, Golgi MTs are morphologically more polarized toward the cell leading edge with significantly fewer inter-MT intersections. In addition, Golgi MTs are more stable and contain fewer lattice repair sites than non-Golgi MTs. Our STORM/live-cell imaging demonstrates that cargos frequently pause at the sites of both MT intersections and MT defects. Furthermore, by optogenetic maneuvering of cell direction, we demonstrate that Golgi MTs are essential for persistent cell migration but not for cells to change direction. Together, our study unveils the role of Golgi MTs in serving as a group of "fast tracks" for anterograde trafficking of post-Golgi cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology & Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC) & School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology & Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC) & School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology & Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC) & School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Peter Su
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology & Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC) & School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology & Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC) & School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology & Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC) & School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology & Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC) & School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology & Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC) & School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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22
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Oda T, Takeda S, Narita A, Maéda Y. Structural Polymorphism of Actin. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3217-3228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Influence of cross-linking and retrograde flow on formation and dynamics of lamellipodium. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213810. [PMID: 30897104 PMCID: PMC6428246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The forces that arise from the actin cortex play a crucial role in determining the membrane deformation. These include protrusive forces due to actin polymerization, pulling forces due to transient attachment of actin filaments to the membrane, retrograde flow powered by contraction of actomyosin network, and adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Here we present a theoretical model for membrane deformation resulting from the feedback between the membrane shape and the forces acting on the membrane. We model the membrane as a series of beads connected by springs and determine the final steady-state shape of the membrane arising from the interplay between pushing/pulling forces of the actin network and the resisting membrane tension. We specifically investigate the effect of the gel dynamics on the spatio-temporal deformation of the membrane until a stable lamellipodium is formed. We show that the retrograde flow and the cross-linking velocity play an essential role in the final elongation of the membrane. Interestingly, in the simulations where motor-induced contractility is switched off, reduced retrograde flow results in an increase in the rate and amplitude of membrane protrusion. These simulations are consistent with experimental observations that report an enhancement in protrusion efficiency as myosin II molecular motors are inhibited.
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Hwang DH, Park HH, Shin HY, Cui Y, Kim BG. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Dictates Beneficial Effects of Treadmill Training by Regulating Survival and Migration of Neural Stem Cell Grafts in the Injured Spinal Cord. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:489-507. [PMID: 30636901 PMCID: PMC6318559 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.6.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival and migration of transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) are prerequisites for therapeutic benefits in spinal cord injury. We have shown that survival of NSC grafts declines after transplantation into the injured spinal cord, and that combining treadmill training (TMT) enhances NSC survival via insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Here, we aimed to obtain genetic evidence that IGF-1 signaling in the transplanted NSCs determines the beneficial effects of TMT. We transplanted NSCs heterozygous (+/-) for Igf1r, the gene encoding IGF-1 receptor, into the mouse spinal cord after injury, with or without combining TMT. We analyzed the influence of genotype and TMT on locomotor recovery and survival and migration of NSC grafts. In vitro experiments were performed to examine the potential roles of IGF-1 signaling in the migratory ability of NSCs. Mice receiving +/- NSC grafts showed impaired locomotor recovery compared with those receiving wild-type (+/+) NSCs. Locomotor improvement by TMT was more pronounced with +/+ grafts. Deficiency of one allele of Igf1r significantly reduced survival and migration of the transplanted NSCs. Although TMT did not significantly influence NSC survival, it substantially enhanced the extent of migration for only +/+ NSCs. Cultured neurospheres exhibited dynamic motility with cytoplasmic protrusions, which was regulated by IGF-1 signaling. IGF-1 signaling in transplanted NSCs may be essential in regulating their survival and migration. Furthermore, TMT may promote NSC graft-mediated locomotor recovery via activation of IGF-1 signaling in transplanted NSCs. Dynamic NSC motility via IGF-1 signaling may be the cellular basis for the TMT-induced enhancement of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Hwang
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hee Hwan Park
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hae Young Shin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Logos Biosystems, Anyang 14055, Korea
| | - Yuexian Cui
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133000, Jilin, China
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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25
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Mullins RD, Bieling P, Fletcher DA. From solution to surface to filament: actin flux into branched networks. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1537-1551. [PMID: 30470968 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton comprises a set of filament networks that perform essential functions in eukaryotic cells. The idea that actin filaments incorporate monomers directly from solution forms both the "textbook picture" of filament elongation and a conventional starting point for quantitative modeling of cellular actin dynamics. Recent work, however, reveals that filaments created by two major regulators, the formins and the Arp2/3 complex, incorporate monomers delivered by nearby proteins. Specifically, actin enters Arp2/3-generated networks via binding sites on nucleation-promoting factors clustered on membrane surfaces. Here, we describe three functions of this surface-associated actin monomer pool: (1) regulating network density via product inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex, (2) accelerating filament elongation as a distributive polymerase, and (3) converting profilin-actin into a substrate for the Arp2/3 complex. These linked functions control the architecture of branched networks and explain how capping protein enhances their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dyche Mullins
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Peter Bieling
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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26
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Li YR, Yang WX. Myosins as fundamental components during tumorigenesis: diverse and indispensable. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46785-46812. [PMID: 27121062 PMCID: PMC5216836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin is a kind of actin-based motor protein. As the crucial functions of myosin during tumorigenesis have become increasingly apparent, the profile of myosin in the field of cancer research has also been growing. Eighteen distinct classes of myosins have been discovered in the past twenty years and constitute a diverse superfamily. Various myosins share similar structures. They all convert energy from ATP hydrolysis to exert mechanical stress upon interactions with microfilaments. Ongoing research is increasingly suggesting that at least seven kinds of myosins participate in the formation and development of cancer. Myosins play essential roles in cytokinesis failure, chromosomal and centrosomal amplification, multipolar spindle formation and DNA microsatellite instability. These are all prerequisites of tumor formation. Subsequently, myosins activate various processes of tumor invasion and metastasis development including cell migration, adhesion, protrusion formation, loss of cell polarity and suppression of apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of myosins during tumorigenesis and discuss the factors and mechanisms which may regulate myosins in tumor progression. Furthermore, we put forward a completely new concept of “chromomyosin” to demonstrate the pivotal functions of myosins during karyokinesis and how this acts to optimize the functions of the members of the myosin superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Complementary Use of Electron Cryomicroscopy and X-Ray Crystallography: Structural Studies of Actin and Actomyosin Filaments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1105:25-42. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2200-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Yang S, Chen Y, Liu C, Zhao X, Zhuang Q, Sun J, Wei P, Zhao H, Chen X, Shen C. Association Study of Common Variants in PFN1 With Hypertension in a Han Chinese Population: A Case-Control Study and A Follow-up Study. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:1024-1031. [PMID: 28541412 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal researches reported that the dysfunction of profilin1 (PFN1) was involved in the physiological arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling linking to the etiology of hypertension (HT). This study mainly aims at evaluating the association of PFN1 and HT in a Han Chinese population. METHODS A case-control study consisted of 2,012 HT cases and 2,210 controls was conducted and 2,116 participants from the healthy controls were further followed up for average 5.01 years. Logistic and Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the association of 4 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PFN1 and ENO3 with HT. RESULTS There was no significant association of the 4 SNPs between HT cases and controls even after adjustment for confounding factors (P > 0.05). Haplotype analysis did not identify any significant haplotype with HT. There were no statistical difference of systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP among different genotypes in antihypertensive-treated group and untreated group. In follow-up population, there was no significant association of candidate SNPs with HT even after adjustment for covariates (all P > 0.05). Of note, the plasma profilin1 level of HT cases was significantly higher than that of control subjects (P = 0.011). The profilin1 levels of controls significantly decreased with variation of rs238243 at PFN1 (P = 0.041), and the profilin1 levels of HT cases increased with variation of rs238238 at ENO3 (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HT cases displayed an elevated plasma profilin1. Variants of rs238243 and rs238238 might regulate profilin1 expression by epigenetic modification and indirectly affects the susceptible threshold of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianghai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Junxiang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Xu Q, Huff LP, Fujii M, Griendling KK. Redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and its role in the vascular system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:84-107. [PMID: 28285002 PMCID: PMC5497502 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is critical for form and function of vascular cells, serving mechanical, organizational and signaling roles. Because many cytoskeletal proteins are sensitive to reactive oxygen species, redox regulation has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the actin cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Here, we summarize work implicating oxidants in altering actin cytoskeletal proteins and focus on how these alterations affect cell migration, proliferation and contraction of vascular cells. Finally, we discuss the role of oxidative modification of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo and highlight its importance for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lauren P Huff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Masakazu Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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30
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Gao Y, Li L, Xing X, Lin M, Zeng Y, Liu X, Liu J. Coronin 3 negatively regulates G6PC3 in HepG2 cells, as identified by label‑free mass‑spectrometry. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3407-3414. [PMID: 28713988 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human coronin 3 is involved in many types of cancers, but the underlying molecular mechanisms require further elucidation. The present study demonstrated that coronin 3 is significantly upregulated in clinical primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and immunohistochemical staining. Subsequently, proteins that were regulated by coronin 3 in both coronin 3 overexpressing or knocked down HepG2 cells were analyzed by label free mass spectrometry; overall, 249 proteins were identified to be closely regulated by coronin 3, and those coronin 3 regulated proteins were enriched in cellular, physiological and metabolism processes. By further in‑depth pathway analysis, it was demonstrated that those proteins were involved into 94 different pathways. Finally, the expression levels of glucose‑6‑phosphatase catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3) were confirmed to be negatively regulated by coronin 3, as determined by RT‑qPCR and western blotting. In conclusion, these results indicated that coronin3 is significantly dysregulated in HCC tumor tissues, and may exert its function via regulating G6PC3 expression. These results provide valuable information for further study of coronin 3‑mediated signaling pathways, and implicate coronin 3 as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Gao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Xing
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Lin
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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31
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Oda T, Aihara T, Wakabayashi K. Early nucleation events in the polymerization of actin, probed by time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34539. [PMID: 27775032 PMCID: PMC5075782 DOI: 10.1038/srep34539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleators generating new F-actin filaments play important roles in cell activities. Detailed information concerning the events involved in nucleation of actin alone in vitro is fundamental to understanding these processes, but such information has been hard to come by. We addressed the early process of salt-induced polymerization of actin using the time-resolved synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Actin molecules in low salt solution maintain a monomeric state by an electrostatic repulsive force between molecules. On mixing with salts, the repulsive force was rapidly screened, causing an immediate formation of many of non-polymerizable dimers. SAXS kinetic analysis revealed that tetramerization gives the highest energetic barrier to further polymerization, and the major nucleation is the formation of helical tetramers. Filaments start to grow rapidly with the formation of pentamers. These findings suggest an acceleration mechanism of actin assembly by a variety of nucleators in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Oda
- X-ray Structural Analysis Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN Harima Institute, Kouto 1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aihara
- X-ray Structural Analysis Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN Harima Institute, Kouto 1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Katsuzo Wakabayashi
- X-ray Structural Analysis Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN Harima Institute, Kouto 1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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32
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Baschnagel J, Meyer H, Wittmer J, Kulić I, Mohrbach H, Ziebert F, Nam GM, Lee NK, Johner A. Semiflexible Chains at Surfaces: Worm-Like Chains and beyond. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E286. [PMID: 30974563 PMCID: PMC6432221 DOI: 10.3390/polym8080286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We give an extended review of recent numerical and analytical studies on semiflexible chains near surfaces undertaken at Institut Charles Sadron (sometimes in collaboration) with a focus on static properties. The statistical physics of thin confined layers, strict two-dimensional (2D) layers and adsorption layers (both at equilibrium with the dilute bath and from irreversible chemisorption) are discussed for the well-known worm-like-chain (WLC) model. There is mounting evidence that biofilaments (except stable d-DNA) are not fully described by the WLC model. A number of augmented models, like the (super) helical WLC model, the polymorphic model of microtubules (MT) and a model with (strongly) nonlinear flexural elasticity are presented, and some aspects of their surface behavior are analyzed. In many cases, we use approaches different from those in our previous work, give additional results and try to adopt a more general point of view with the hope to shed some light on this complex field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Baschnagel
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UdS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
| | - Hendrik Meyer
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UdS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
| | - Joachim Wittmer
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UdS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
| | - Igor Kulić
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UdS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
| | - Hervé Mohrbach
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UdS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
- Equipe BioPhysStat Université de Lorraine, 1 boulevard Arago, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Falko Ziebert
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UdS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gi-Moon Nam
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UdS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Neundongro 209, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UdS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Neundongro 209, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Albert Johner
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UdS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France.
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Neundongro 209, Seoul 05006, Korea.
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33
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Xing X, Liang D, Huang Y, Zeng Y, Han X, Liu X, Liu J. The application of proteomics in different aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma research. J Proteomics 2016; 145:70-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Growth cones interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrin receptors at adhesion sites termed point contacts. Point contact adhesions link ECM proteins to the actin cytoskeleton through numerous adaptor and signaling proteins. One presumed function of growth cone point contacts is to restrain or "clutch" myosin-II-based filamentous actin (F-actin) retrograde flow (RF) to promote leading edge membrane protrusion. In motile non-neuronal cells, myosin-II binds and exerts force upon actin filaments at the leading edge, where clutching forces occur. However, in growth cones, it is unclear whether similar F-actin-clutching forces affect axon outgrowth and guidance. Here, we show in Xenopus spinal neurons that RF is reduced in rapidly migrating growth cones on laminin (LN) compared with non-integrin-binding poly-d-lysine (PDL). Moreover, acute stimulation with LN accelerates axon outgrowth over a time course that correlates with point contact formation and reduced RF. These results suggest that RF is restricted by the assembly of point contacts, which we show occurs locally by two-channel imaging of RF and paxillin. Further, using micropatterns of PDL and LN, we demonstrate that individual growth cones have differential RF rates while interacting with two distinct substrata. Opposing effects on RF rates were also observed in growth cones treated with chemoattractive and chemorepulsive axon guidance cues that influence point contact adhesions. Finally, we show that RF is significantly attenuated in vivo, suggesting that it is restrained by molecular clutching forces within the spinal cord. Together, our results suggest that local clutching of RF can control axon guidance on ECM proteins downstream of axon guidance cues. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we correlate point contact adhesions directly with clutching of filamentous actin retrograde flow (RF), which our findings strongly suggest guides developing axons. Acute assembly of new point contact adhesions is temporally and spatially linked to attenuation of RF at sites of forward membrane protrusion. Importantly, clutching of RF is modulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and soluble axon guidance cues, suggesting that it may regulate axon guidance in vivo. Consistent with this notion, we found that RF rates of spinal neuron growth cones were slower in vivo than what was observed in vitro. Together, our study provides the best evidence that growth cone-ECM adhesions clutch RF locally to guide axons in vivo.
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35
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Miyazaki S, Sasazawa Y, Mogi T, Suzuki T, Yoshida K, Dohmae N, Takao KI, Simizu S. Identification of seco-clavilactone B as a small-molecule actin polymerization inhibitor. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1163-73. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yukiko Sasazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takuma Mogi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Takao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
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36
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Ziebert F, Löber J, Aranson IS. Macroscopic Model of Substrate-Based Cell Motility. PHYSICAL MODELS OF CELL MOTILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24448-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Gamper I, Fleck D, Barlin M, Spehr M, El Sayad S, Kleine H, Maxeiner S, Schalla C, Aydin G, Hoss M, Litchfield DW, Lüscher B, Zenke M, Sechi A. GAR22β regulates cell migration, sperm motility, and axoneme structure. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 27:277-94. [PMID: 26564797 PMCID: PMC4713131 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal cytoskeleton remodeling is crucial for several biological processes. GAR22β interacts with EB1 via a novel noncanonical amino acid sequence and is pivotal for cell motility and focal adhesion turnover. GAR22β is also crucial for generation, motility, and ultrastructural organization of spermatozoa. Spatiotemporal cytoskeleton remodeling is pivotal for cell adhesion and migration. Here we investigated the function of Gas2-related protein on chromosome 22 (GAR22β), a poorly characterized protein that interacts with actin and microtubules. Primary and immortalized GAR22β−/− Sertoli cells moved faster than wild-type cells. In addition, GAR22β−/− cells showed a more prominent focal adhesion turnover. GAR22β overexpression or its reexpression in GAR22β−/− cells reduced cell motility and focal adhesion turnover. GAR22β–actin interaction was stronger than GAR22β–microtubule interaction, resulting in GAR22β localization and dynamics that mirrored those of the actin cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, GAR22β interacted with the regulator of microtubule dynamics end-binding protein 1 (EB1) via a novel noncanonical amino acid sequence, and this GAR22β–EB1 interaction was required for the ability of GAR22β to modulate cell motility. We found that GAR22β is highly expressed in mouse testes, and its absence resulted in reduced spermatozoa generation, lower actin levels in testes, and impaired motility and ultrastructural disorganization of spermatozoa. Collectively our findings identify GAR22β as a novel regulator of cell adhesion and migration and provide a foundation for understanding the molecular basis of diverse cytoskeleton-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Gamper
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, D-52074 Aachen, Germany Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - David Fleck
- Institute for Biology II, Department of Chemosensation, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Meltem Barlin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, D-52074 Aachen, Germany Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Spehr
- Institute for Biology II, Department of Chemosensation, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sara El Sayad
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, D-52074 Aachen, Germany Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henning Kleine
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Maxeiner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, D-52074 Aachen, Germany Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen Schalla
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, D-52074 Aachen, Germany Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gülcan Aydin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, D-52074 Aachen, Germany Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Hoss
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - David W Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, D-52074 Aachen, Germany Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, D-52074 Aachen, Germany Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Salucci S, Burattini S, Falcieri E, Gobbi P. Three-dimensional apoptotic nuclear behavior analyzed by means of Field Emission in Lens Scanning Electron Microscope. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2539. [PMID: 26428889 PMCID: PMC4598601 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential biological function required during embryogenesis, tissue home-ostasis, organ development and immune system regulation. It is an active cell death pathway involved in a variety of pathological conditions. During this process cytoskeletal proteins appear damaged and undergo an enzymatic disassembling, leading to formation of apoptotic features. This study was designed to examine the three-dimensional chromatin behavior and cytoskeleton involvement, in particular actin re-modeling. HL-60 cells, exposed to hyperthermia, a known apoptotic trigger, were examined by means of a Field Emission in Lens Scanning Electron Microscope (FEISEM). Ultrastructural observations revealed in treated cells the presence of apoptotic patterns after hyperthermia trigger. In particular, three-dimensional apoptotic chromatin rearrangements appeared involving the translocation of filamentous actin from cytoplasm to the nucleus. FEISEM immunogold techniques showed actin labeling and its precise three-dimensional localization in the diffuse chromatin, well separated from the condensed one. The actin presence in dispersed chromatin inside the apoptotic nucleus can be considered an important feature, indispensable to permit the apoptotic machinery evolution.
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Mi N, Chen Y, Wang S, Chen M, Zhao M, Yang G, Ma M, Su Q, Luo S, Shi J, Xu J, Guo Q, Gao N, Sun Y, Chen Z, Yu L. CapZ regulates autophagosomal membrane shaping by promoting actin assembly inside the isolation membrane. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1112-23. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Haase S, Zimmermann D, Olshina MA, Wilkinson M, Fisher F, Tan YH, Stewart RJ, Tonkin CJ, Wong W, Kovar DR, Baum J. Disassembly activity of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) is associated with distinct cellular processes in apicomplexan parasites. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3001-12. [PMID: 26157165 PMCID: PMC4551315 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-10-1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementation of a conditional KO of actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) in Toxoplasma gondii demonstrates that ADF-dependent actin filament disassembly is essential for parasite development but not for cell motility. Furthermore, trans-genera complementation highlights genus-specific coevolution between ADF proteins and their native actins. Proteins of the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family have been shown to be crucial for the motility and survival of apicomplexan parasites. However, the mechanisms by which ADF proteins fulfill their function remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the comparative activities of ADF proteins from Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum, the human malaria parasite, using a conditional T. gondii ADF-knockout line complemented with ADF variants from either species. We show that P. falciparum ADF1 can fully restore native TgADF activity, demonstrating functional conservation between parasites. Strikingly, mutation of a key basic residue (Lys-72), previously implicated in disassembly in PfADF1, had no detectable phenotypic effect on parasite growth, motility, or development. In contrast, organelle segregation was severely impaired when complementing with a TgADF mutant lacking the corresponding residue (Lys-68). Biochemical analyses of each ADF protein confirmed the reduced ability of lysine mutants to mediate actin depolymerization via filament disassembly although not severing, in contrast to previous reports. These data suggest that actin filament disassembly is essential for apicomplexan parasite development but not for motility, as well as pointing to genus-specific coevolution between ADF proteins and their native actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Haase
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dennis Zimmermann
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Maya A Olshina
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Fisher
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Hong Tan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Stewart
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Tonkin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Wilson Wong
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jake Baum
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Neuronal growth cones are exquisite sensory-motor machines capable of transducing features contacted in their local extracellular environment into guided process extension during development. Extensive research has shown that chemical ligands activate cell surface receptors on growth cones leading to intracellular signals that direct cytoskeletal changes. However, the environment also provides mechanical support for growth cone adhesion and traction forces that stabilize leading edge protrusions. Interestingly, recent work suggests that both the mechanical properties of the environment and mechanical forces generated within growth cones influence axon guidance. In this review we discuss novel molecular mechanisms involved in growth cone force production and detection, and speculate how these processes may be necessary for the development of proper neuronal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Kerstein
- Neuroscience Training Program, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert H Nichol
- Neuroscience Training Program, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy M Gomez
- Neuroscience Training Program, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
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42
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Silva RA, Palladino MV, Cavalheiro RP, Machado D, Cruz BLG, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Gomes-Marcondes MCC, Zambuzzi WF, Vasques L, Nader HB, Souza ACS, Justo GZ. Activation of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase in keratinocytes exposed to hyperosmotic stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119020. [PMID: 25781955 PMCID: PMC4363792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we provide new contribution to the mechanisms involved in keratinocytes response to hyperosmotic shock showing, for the first time, the participation of Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMWPTP) activity in this event. We reported that sorbitol-induced osmotic stress mediates alterations in the phosphorylation of pivotal cytoskeletal proteins, particularly Src and cofilin. Furthermore, an increase in the expression of the phosphorylated form of LMWPTP, which was followed by an augment in its catalytic activity, was observed. Of particular importance, these responses occurred in an intracellular milieu characterized by elevated levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased expression of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Altogether, our results suggest that hyperosmostic stress provides a favorable cellular environment to the activation of LMWPTP, which is associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, high levels of GSH and inhibition of Src kinase. Finally, the real contribution of LMWPTP in the hyperosmotic stress response of keratinocytes was demonstrated through analysis of the effects of ACP1 gene knockdown in stressed and non-stressed cells. LMWPTP knockdown attenuates the effects of sorbitol induced-stress in HaCaT cells, mainly in the status of Src kinase, Rac and STAT5 phosphorylation and activity. These results describe for the first time the participation of LMWPTP in the dynamics of cytoskeleton rearrangement during exposure of human keratinocytes to hyperosmotic shock, which may contribute to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelly V. Palladino
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan P. Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daisy Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bread L. G. Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J. Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. C. Gomes-Marcondes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian F. Zambuzzi
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, IBB, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Vasques
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S. Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z. Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo) and Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (Campus Diadema), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Löber J, Ziebert F, Aranson IS. Collisions of deformable cells lead to collective migration. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9172. [PMID: 25779619 PMCID: PMC4361886 DOI: 10.1038/srep09172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective migration of eukaryotic cells plays a fundamental role in tissue growth, wound healing and immune response. The motion, arising spontaneously or in response to chemical and mechanical stimuli, is also important for understanding life-threatening pathologies, such as cancer and metastasis formation. We present a phase-field model to describe the movement of many self-organized, interacting cells. The model takes into account the main mechanisms of cell motility - acto-myosin dynamics, as well as substrate-mediated and cell-cell adhesion. It predicts that collective cell migration emerges spontaneously as a result of inelastic collisions between neighboring cells: collisions lead to a mutual alignment of the cell velocities and to the formation of coherently-moving multi-cellular clusters. Small cell-to-cell adhesion, in turn, reduces the propensity for large-scale collective migration, while higher adhesion leads to the formation of moving bands. Our study provides valuable insight into biological processes associated with collective cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Löber
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, EW 7-1, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Falko Ziebert
- 1] Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany [2] Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Igor S Aranson
- 1] Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA [2] Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer cells are responsive to multiple hormones and growth factors that can affect cell function. These effects may include modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, but the ability to impinge on the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells by affecting cell motility should also be considered, as prostate tumor metastasis correlates with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Human growth hormone (hGH) can affect the growth and survival of prostate cancer cells, but the effect of hGH on prostate cancer cell motility is unknown. In the present study, the potential for exogenous and autocrine hGH to directly affect prostate cancer cell motility was addressed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of exogenous and autocrine hGH on the chemokinesis and chemotaxis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells were tested using cell monolayer wound healing and Boyden chamber invasion assays. The signaling pathways underlying these effects were resolved with chemical inhibitors and the correlation with cytoskeletal actin reorganization evaluated microscopically by staining cells with fluor-conjugated phalloidin. RESULTS Both exogenous and autocrine hGH augmented the migration and invasion of LNCaP cells, and hGH itself acted as a chemoattractant. This activity was dependent upon the STAT5, MEK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways, and was accompanied by an alteration in cellular actin organization. CONCLUSIONS hGH may enhance the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells, both as a stimulant of cellular motility and invasiveness and as a chemoattractant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona O Nakonechnaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University , Greenville, NC , USA
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45
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Buxa SV, Degola F, Polizzotto R, De Marco F, Loschi A, Kogel KH, di Toppi LS, van Bel AJE, Musetti R. Phytoplasma infection in tomato is associated with re-organization of plasma membrane, ER stacks, and actin filaments in sieve elements. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:650. [PMID: 26347766 PMCID: PMC4541602 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas, biotrophic wall-less prokaryotes, only reside in sieve elements of their host plants. The essentials of the intimate interaction between phytoplasmas and their hosts are poorly understood, which calls for research on potential ultrastructural modifications. We investigated modifications of the sieve-element ultrastructure induced in tomato plants by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani,' the pathogen associated with the stolbur disease. Phytoplasma infection induces a drastic re-organization of sieve-element substructures including changes in plasma membrane surface and distortion of the sieve-element reticulum. Observations of healthy and stolbur-diseased plants provided evidence for the emergence of structural links between sieve-element plasma membrane and phytoplasmas. One-sided actin aggregates on the phytoplasma surface also inferred a connection between phytoplasma and sieve-element cytoskeleton. Actin filaments displaced from the sieve-element mictoplasm to the surface of the phytoplasmas in infected sieve elements. Western blot analysis revealed a decrease of actin and an increase of ER-resident chaperone luminal binding protein (BiP) in midribs of phytoplasma-infected plants. Collectively, the studies provided novel insights into ultrastructural responses of host sieve elements to phloem-restricted prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie V. Buxa
- Department of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
| | | | - Rachele Polizzotto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of UdineUdine, Italy
| | - Federica De Marco
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of UdineUdine, Italy
| | - Alberto Loschi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of UdineUdine, Italy
| | - Karl-Heinz Kogel
- Department of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
| | | | - Aart J. E. van Bel
- Department of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessen, Germany
| | - Rita Musetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of UdineUdine, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rita Musetti, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy,
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46
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Downregulation of the microRNA-1/133a cluster enhances cancer cell migration and invasion in lung-squamous cell carcinoma via regulation of Coronin1C. J Hum Genet 2014; 60:53-61. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Marino A, Desii A, Pellegrino M, Pellegrini M, Filippeschi C, Mazzolai B, Mattoli V, Ciofani G. Nanostructured Brownian surfaces prepared through two-photon polymerization: investigation of stem cell response. ACS NANO 2014; 8:11869-82. [PMID: 25287044 DOI: 10.1021/nn5052426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nondeterministic phenomena are at the base of plenty of biological processes that comprise physiological signaling, cellular communications, and biological architectures. Among them, natural surface topographies are often characterized by "chaotic" features that are not trivial to be recreated in vitro. Recently, some methods have been proposed to resemble the hierarchical organization of the extracellular microenvironment, through the chemical preparation of randomly rough and self-affine fractal surfaces. Notwithstanding, this approach does not allow the fractal dimension to be modulated at a desired value, being moreover the self-affinity maintained just for one decade of spatial frequencies. Here, we propose the replication of in silico generated Brownian surfaces through a two-photon polymerization technique. As a result of the direct laser writing of the desired patterns, we were able to obtain highly reproducible self-affine (in a range of two spatial frequency decades) structures characterized by the desired predetermined Hurst exponents. Rat mesenchymal stem cells were moreover cultured on the obtained substrates, highlighting interesting phenomena concerning cell adhesion, cytoskeleton conformation, and actin polymerization, strictly depending on the fractal dimension of the surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Marino
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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48
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Kiuchi T, Nagai T, Ohashi K, Watanabe N, Mizuno K. Live-cell imaging of G-actin dynamics using sequential FDAP. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 1:240-244. [PMID: 22754616 PMCID: PMC3384577 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.18471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Various microscopic techniques have been developed to understand the mechanisms that spatiotemporally control actin filament dynamics in live cells. Kinetic data on the processes of actin assembly and disassembly on F-actin have been accumulated. However, the kinetics of cytoplasmic G-actin, a key determinant for actin polymerization, has remained unclear because of a lack of appropriate methods to measure the G-actin concentration quantitatively. We have developed two new microscopic techniques based on the fluorescence decay after photoactivation (FDAP) time-lapse imaging of photoswitchable Dronpa-labeled actin. These techniques, sequential FDAP (s-FDAP) and multipoint FDAP, were used to measure the time-dependent changes in and spatial distribution of the G-actin concentration in live cells. Use of s-FDAP provided data on changes in the G-actin concentration with high temporal resolution; these data were useful for the model analysis of actin assembly processes in live cells. The s-FDAP analysis also provided evidence that the cytoplasmic G-actin concentration substantially decreases after cell stimulation and that the extent of stimulus-induced actin assembly and cell size extension are linearly correlated with the G-actin concentration before cell stimulation. The advantages of using s-FDAP and multipoint FDAP to measure spatiotemporal G-actin dynamics and the roles of G-actin concentration and ADF/cofilin in stimulus-induced actin assembly and lamellipodium extension in live cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Kiuchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai, Japan
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49
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Vorotnikov AV, Tyurin-Kuzmin PA. Chemotactic signaling in mesenchymal cells compared to amoeboid cells. Genes Dis 2014; 1:162-173. [PMID: 30258862 PMCID: PMC6150068 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell chemotaxis plays a pivotal role in normal development, inflammatory response, injury repair and tissue regeneration in all organisms. It is also a critical contributor to cancer metastasis, altered angiogenesis and neurite growth in disease. The molecular mechanisms regulating chemotaxis are currently being identified and key components may be pertinent therapeutic targets. Although these components appear to be mostly common in various cells, there are important differences in chemotactic signaling networks and signal processing that result in the distinct chemotactic behavior of mesenchymal cells compared to much better studied amoeboid blood cells. These differences are not necessarily predetermined based on cell type, but are rather chosen and exploited by cells to modify their chemotactic behavior based on physical constraints and/or environmental conditions. This results in a specific type of chemotactic migration in mesenchymal cells that can be selectively targeted in disease. Here, we compare the chemotactic behavior, signaling and motility of mesenchymal and amoeboid cells. We suggest that the current model of chemotaxis is applicable for small amoeboid cells but needs to be reconsidered for large mesenchymal cells. We focus on new candidate regulatory molecules and feedback mechanisms that may account for mesenchymal cell type-specific chemotaxis.
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Key Words
- Chemotaxis
- Feedback regulation
- Fibroblasts
- GEFs, guanine nucleotide exchange factors
- GPCRs, G-protein coupled receptors
- Hydrogen peroxide
- LEGI, local excitation and global inhibition
- MAP-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NOX, NADPH-oxidase
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PI3-kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
- PIP3, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases
- Signaling
- mTORC, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex
- РТР-1В, protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Vorotnikov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, 31 Lomonosov Ave., Bldg 5, Russian Federation.
| | - Pyotr A. Tyurin-Kuzmin
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Pereira JH, Petchprayoon C, Hoepker AC, Moriarty NW, Fink SJ, Cecere G, Paterson I, Adams PD, Marriott G. Structural and biochemical studies of actin in complex with synthetic macrolide tail analogues. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2286-93. [PMID: 25047814 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The actin filament-binding and filament-severing activities of the aplyronine, kabiramide, and reidispongiolide families of marine macrolides are located within the hydrophobic tail region of the molecule. Two synthetic tail analogues of aplyronine C (SF-01 and GC-04) are shown to bind to G-actin with dissociation constants of (285±33) and (132±13) nM, respectively. The crystal structures of actin complexes with GC-04, SF-01, and kabiramide C reveal a conserved mode of tail binding within the cleft that forms between subdomains (SD) 1 and 3. Our studies support the view that filament severing is brought about by specific binding of the tail region to the SD1/SD3 cleft on the upper protomer, which displaces loop-D from the lower protomer on the same half-filament. With previous studies showing that the GC-04 analogue can sever actin filaments, it is argued that the shorter complex lifetime of tail analogues with F-actin would make them more effective at severing filaments compared with plasma gelsolin. Structure-based analyses are used to suggest more reactive or targetable forms of GC-04 and SF-01, which may serve to boost the capacity of the serum actin scavenging system, to generate antibody conjugates against tumor cell antigens, and to decrease sputum viscosity in children with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose H Pereira
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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