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Zhou L, Liu R, Pathak H, Wang X, Jeong GH, Kumari P, Kumar M, Yin J. Ubiquitin Ligase Parkin Regulates the Stability of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and Suppresses Viral Replication. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:879-889. [PMID: 38386664 PMCID: PMC10928718 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The highly infectious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 relies on the viral main protease (Mpro, also known as 3CLpro or Nsp5) to proteolytically process the polyproteins encoded by the viral genome for the release of functional units in the host cells to initiate viral replication. Mpro also interacts with host proteins of the innate immune pathways, such as IRF3 and STAT1, to suppress their activities and facilitate virus survival and proliferation. To identify the host mechanism for regulating Mpro, we screened various classes of E3 ubiquitin ligases and found that Parkin of the RING-between-RING family can induce the ubiquitination and degradation of Mpro in the cell. Furthermore, when the cells undergo mitophagy, the PINK1 kinase activates Parkin and enhances the ubiquitination of Mpro. We also found that elevated expression of Parkin in the cells significantly decreased the replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 infection downregulates Parkin expression in the mouse lung tissues compared to healthy controls. These results suggest an antiviral role of Parkin as a ubiquitin ligase targeting Mpro and the potential for exploiting the virus-host interaction mediated by Parkin to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ruochuan Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Heather Pathak
- Department
of Biology and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Geon H. Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Department
of Biology and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department
of Biology and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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2
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Kim EY, Kim JE, Kim YE, Choi B, Sohn DH, Park SO, Chung YH, Kim Y, Robinson WH, Kim YG, Chang EJ. Dysfunction in parkin aggravates inflammatory bone erosion by reinforcing osteoclast activity. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 36882866 PMCID: PMC9993703 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkin dysfunction associated with the progression of parkinsonism contributes to a progressive systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density. However, the role of parkin in bone remodeling has not yet been elucidated in detail. RESULT We observed that decreased parkin in monocytes is linked to osteoclastic bone-resorbing activity. siRNA-mediated knockdown of parkin significantly enhanced the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts (OCs) on dentin without any changes in osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, Parkin-deficient mice exhibited an osteoporotic phenotype with a lower bone volume accompanied by increased OC-mediated bone-resorbing capacity displaying increased acetylation of α-tubulin compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Notably, compared to WT mice, the Parkin-deficient mice displayed increased susceptibility to inflammatory arthritis, reflected by a higher arthritis score and a marked bone loss after arthritis induction using K/BxN serum transfer, but not ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Intriguingly, parkin colocalized with microtubules and parkin-depleted-osteoclast precursor cells (Parkin-/- OCPs) displayed augmented ERK-dependent acetylation of α-tubulin due to failure of interaction with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which was promoted by IL-1β signaling. The ectopic expression of parkin in Parkin-/- OCPs limited the increase in dentin resorption induced by IL-1β, accompanied by the reduced acetylation of α-tubulin and diminished cathepsin K activity. CONCLUSION These results indicate that a deficiency in the function of parkin caused by a decrease in parkin expression in OCPs under the inflammatory condition may enhance inflammatory bone erosion by altering microtubule dynamics to maintain OC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Si-On Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ho Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yongsub Kim
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea. .,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Ye S, Tan C, Yang X, Wang J, Li Q, Xu L, Wang Z, Mao J, Wang J, Cheng K, Chen A, Zhou P, Li S. Transcriptome Analysis of Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I Overexpression Reveals the Potential Genes for Autophagy-Related Negative Regulation. Cells 2022; 11:2009. [PMID: 35805093 PMCID: PMC9265583 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) serves as an essential viral RNA sensor for innate immune. The activation of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) pathway triggers many regulations for the outcome of type I interferon, including ubiquitination, dephosphorylation, ISGylation, and autophagy. However, the autophagy-related regulation of RIG-I is still not fully understood. To investigate the potentially unknown genes related to autophagy-related regulation of RIG-I, we firstly confirm the induction of autophagy derived by overexpression of RIG-I. Furthermore, the autophagy inducer and inhibitor drugs were used in different assays. The results showed autophagy could control the activation of RLRs pathway and expression of exogenous RIG-I. In addition, we carried out the transcriptome analysis of overexpression of RIG-I in vitro. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GO and KEGG signaling pathways enrichment provided a newly complex network. Finally, the validation of qPCR indicated that the DEGs PTPN22, PRKN, OTUD7B, and SIRT2 were correlated to the negative regulation of excessive expression of RIG-I. Taken together, our study contributed new insights into a more comprehensive understanding of the regulation of excessive expression of RIG-I. It provided the potential candidate genes for autophagy-related negative regulation for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaotang Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730046, China;
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA) and Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, China;
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianwei Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kui Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Aolei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.Y.); (J.W.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (Z.W.); (J.M.); (J.W.); (K.C.); (A.C.); (P.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Chathuranga K, Weerawardhana A, Dodantenna N, Lee JS. Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1647-1668. [PMID: 34782737 PMCID: PMC8592830 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A harmonized balance between positive and negative regulation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-initiated immune responses is required to achieve the most favorable outcome for the host. This balance is crucial because it must not only ensure activation of the first line of defense against viral infection but also prevent inappropriate immune activation, which results in autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have shown how signal transduction pathways initiated by PRRs are positively and negatively regulated by diverse modulators to maintain host immune homeostasis. However, viruses have developed strategies to subvert the host antiviral response and establish infection. Viruses have evolved numerous genes encoding immunomodulatory proteins that antagonize the host immune system. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding key host factors that regulate innate immune signaling molecules upon viral infection and discusses evidence showing how specific viral proteins counteract antiviral responses via immunomodulatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Niranjan Dodantenna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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Cossu D, Yokoyama K, Sato S, Noda S, Sechi LA, Hattori N. PARKIN modifies peripheral immune response and increases neuroinflammation in active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). J Neuroimmunol 2021; 359:577694. [PMID: 34450375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. To elucidate the effects of the mitophagy-related gene Parkin on neuroinflammation, we used a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Female Parkin-/- and female wild type control mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein to develop active EAE. Compared to the wild type controls, the Parkin-/- mice showed an earlier onset and greater severity of EAE with a greatly increased number of CD8αβ+TCRαβ+ T cells in the spleen and brain as well as a stronger T-cell proliferative response and an altered cytokine secretion in splenocytes. Furthermore, the Parkin-/- mice showed massive recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and activated microglia in the spinal cord during the acute phase of the disease. They also showed accumulation of microglia co-expressing M1 and M2 markers in the brain and a strong over-expression of A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord. Furthermore, the Parkin-/- mice that developed persistent disease exhibited reduced glial cell numbers and abnormalities in mitochondrial morphology. Our study sheds light on the role of PARKIN protein in modulating peripheral immune cells-mediated immunity during EAE, highlighting its importance in neuroinflammation, and thus elucidating its potential in the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cossu
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Shigeto Sato
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Sachiko Noda
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy; SC Microbiologia AOU Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan.
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iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics suggests mitophagy involvement after Rice black-streaked dwarf virus acquisition in insect vector small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus Fallén. J Proteomics 2021; 246:104314. [PMID: 34216810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses trigger numerous responses in their insect vectors. Using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis, early responses of the insect vector, the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, SBPH), after acquiring Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) at 3 days and 5 days post first access to diseased plants (padp) were revealed. A total of 582 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in SBPH with a fold change >1.500 or <0.667 (p-value < 0.05) were identified. The proteomic analysis in SBPH at 3 days padp revealed 106 highly abundant proteins and 193 of low abundance, while 5 days padp revealed 214 highly abundant proteins and 182 of low abundance. Among them, 51 highly abundant proteins and 42 of low abundance were shown consistently at both 3 days and 5 days padp. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis mapping and Gene Ontology (GO) term classification suggested impairment of mitochondria in SBPH after RBSDV acquisition, and the 77 out of 582 differentially abundant SBPH proteins analyzed by the STRING program revealed the interaction network of the mitochondrial DAPs, showing an overall down-regulation of mitochondrial proteins including the electron transport chain proteins and mitochondrial ribosome proteins. The high abundance of Parkin at 5 days padp suggests that activation of mitophagy induced degradation of mitochondria occurred. Further verification of autophagy/mitophagy-related genes by reverse-transcription quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) in SBPH after RBSDV acquisition showed up-regulation of the autophagy receptors Optineurin (OPTN), Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, also known as p62) and Tax1-binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) which targets ubiquitinated damaged mitochondria during mitophagy. The phosphorylation of the three autophagy receptors may be up-regulated through an increase of transcription level TRAF-associated NFκB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). As a result, an overall reduction in the abundance of mitochondrial proteins was observed and the selective autophagic degradation was up-regulated through increased transcription level of OPTN, p62/SQSTM1, TAX1BP1 and TBK1. Therefore, acquisition of RBSDV associated with up-regulated autophagy and selective mitochondrial degradation in SBPH suggest prevention of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and extension of the vector life span. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: RBSDV causes severe yield loss in rice plants. RBSDV is transmitted efficiently only through SBPH. It is important to understand how RBSDV infects SBPH in a persistent, circulative and propagative manner. However, there has been no study on the interaction between RBSDV and SBPH at the early acquisition stage using a proteomics approach. In this study, we combined iTRAQ technique and LC-MS/MS to analyze the vector proteomics at both the initial and latent infection stages after RBSDV acquisition and verified the results by RT-qPCR. Our results revealed that significantly low DAPs were involved in various pathways, including biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ribosomes, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids and TCA cycle. Further clustering of the DAPs revealed significant changes in SBPH mitochondria, including decreased proteins in mitochondrial ribosomes and electron transport chain complex I, II and V. On the other hand, there was a high abundance of Parkin, suggesting the occurrence of mitochondria damage and subsequent Parkin-mediated mitophagy for clearance of impaired mitochondria. Moreover, the decreased level of PMPCB in terms of gene expression and protein abundance suggested decreased PINK1 turnover, promoting Parkin/PINK1-mediated mitophagy. Further analysis on autophagy/mitophagy-related gene transcription level indicated up-regulation of OPTN, p62/SQSTM1, TAX1BP1 and TBK1, promoting selective autophagy in SBPH after RBSDV acquisition. These findings provided new insights into the effects of RBSDV on SBPH after early acquisition by selective degradation of mitochondria, especially on reprogramming of energy metabolism and decreased mitochondria biogenesis, to prevent apoptosis and prolong the life span of SBPH post virus acquisition.
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Zong Z, Zhang Z, Wu L, Zhang L, Zhou F. The Functional Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Control of Innate Antiviral Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002484. [PMID: 33511009 PMCID: PMC7816709 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Innate antiviral immunity is the first line of host defense against invading viral pathogens. Immunity activation primarily relies on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Viral proteins or nucleic acids mainly engage three classes of PRRs: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS). These receptors initiate a series of signaling cascades that lead to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN-I) in response to viral infection. This system requires precise regulation to avoid aberrant activation. Emerging evidence has unveiled the crucial roles that the ubiquitin system, especially deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), play in controlling immune responses. In this review, an overview of the most current findings on the function of DUBs in the innate antiviral immune pathways is provided. Insights into the role of viral DUBs in counteracting host immune responses are also provided. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of utilizing DUBs as therapeutic targets for infectious diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Zhengkui Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Liming Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institute of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
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Garcia-Barcena C, Osinalde N, Ramirez J, Mayor U. How to Inactivate Human Ubiquitin E3 Ligases by Mutation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:39. [PMID: 32117970 PMCID: PMC7010608 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases are the ultimate enzymes involved in the transfer of ubiquitin to substrate proteins, a process that determines the fate of the modified protein. Numerous diseases are caused by defects in the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery, including when the activity of a given E3 ligase is hampered. Thus, inactivation of E3 ligases and the resulting effects at molecular or cellular level have been the focus of many studies during the last few years. For this purpose, site-specific mutation of key residues involved in either protein interaction, substrate recognition or ubiquitin transfer have been reported to successfully inactivate E3 ligases. Nevertheless, it is not always trivial to predict which mutation(s) will block the catalytic activity of a ligase. Here we review over 250 site-specific inactivating mutations that have been carried out in 120 human E3 ubiquitin ligases. We foresee that the information gathered here will be helpful for the design of future experimental strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Garcia-Barcena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Nerea Osinalde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Juanma Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Ugo Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Lawrence DW, Shornick LP, Kornbluth J. Mice deficient in NKLAM have attenuated inflammatory cytokine production in a Sendai virus pneumonia model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222802. [PMID: 31539400 PMCID: PMC6754162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have begun to elucidate a role for E3 ubiquitin ligases as important mediators of the innate immune response. Our previous work defined a role for the ubiquitin ligase natural killer lytic-associated molecule (NKLAM/RNF19b) in mouse and human innate immunity. Here, we present novel data describing a role for NKLAM in regulating the immune response to Sendai virus (SeV), a murine model of paramyxoviral pneumonia. NKLAM expression was significantly upregulated by SeV infection. SeV-infected mice that are deficient in NKLAM demonstrated significantly less weight loss than wild type mice. In vivo, Sendai virus replication was attenuated in NKLAM-/- mice. Autophagic flux and the expression of autophagy markers LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 were also less in NKLAM-/- mice. Using flow cytometry, we observed less neutrophils and macrophages in the lungs of NKLAM-/- mice during SeV infection. Additionally, phosphorylation of STAT1 and NFκB p65 was lower in NKLAM-/- than wild type mice. The dysregulated phosphorylation profile of STAT1 and NFκB in NKLAM-/- mice correlated with decreased expression of numerous proinflammatory cytokines that are regulated by STAT1 and/or NFκB. The lack of NKLAM and the resulting attenuated immune response is favorable to NKLAM-/- mice receiving a low dose of SeV; however, at a high dose of virus, NKLAM-/- mice succumbed to the infection faster than wild type mice. In conclusion, our novel results indicate that NKLAM plays a role in regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W. Lawrence
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laurie P. Shornick
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jacki Kornbluth
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Xie M, Yin Y, Chen L, Yin A, Liu Y, Liu Y, Dong L, Lai Q, Zhou J, Zhang L, Xu M, Chen Z, Zuo D. Scavenger receptor A impairs interferon response to HBV infection by limiting TRAF3 ubiquitination through recruiting OTUB1. FEBS J 2019; 287:310-324. [PMID: 31386800 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The battle between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the host immune defense determines the outcome of the disease. Scavenger receptor A (SRA) is a phagocytic pattern recognition receptor involved in various cellular processes, including lipid metabolism, recognition, and clearance of pathogens or modified self-molecules. Emerging evidence pointed out that SRA might act as an immunomodulator that contributes to innate immune defense against invading pathogens. Herein, we examined the role of SRA in the initiation of type I interferon (IFN) response to HBV infection and the virus clearance. Our results showed that SRA-deficient (SRA-/- ) mice were resistant to HBV infection developed by hydrodynamic injection of HBV replicon plasmid. We found lower levels of HBV DNA and viral protein expression in SRA-/- mice, which was associated with enhanced type I IFN production, compared with wild-type controls. Besides, we performed gain and loss of function experiments and determined that SRA inhibits innate antiviral immune responses to HBV. SRA could interact directly with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and inhibit its K63-linked ubiquitination. Moreover, we provided evidence that SRA negatively regulates the stability of TRAF3 protein by promoting the recruitment of OTUB1 to TRAF3. Our findings indicate that SRA plays a crucial role in innate immune signaling by targeting TRAF3 for degradation and balancing the innate antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Xie
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqian Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Dong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qintao Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengliang Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Smith CA, Tyrell DJ, Kulkarni UA, Wood S, Leng L, Zemans RL, Bucala R, Goldstein DR. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor enhances influenza-associated mortality in mice. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128034. [PMID: 31292300 PMCID: PMC6629144 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza-associated mortality continues to occur annually despite available antiviral therapies. New therapies that improve host immunity could reduce influenza virus disease burden. Targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has improved the outcomes of certain inflammatory diseases, but its role in influenza viral infection is unclear. Here, we showed that, during influenza viral infection, Mif-deficient mice have less inflammation, viral load, and mortality compared with WT control mice; conversely, Tg mice, overexpressing Mif in alveolar epithelial cells, had higher inflammation, viral load, and mortality. Antibody-mediated blockade of MIF in WT mice during influenza viral infection improved their survival. Mif-deficient murine lungs showed reduced levels of parkin, a mitophagy protein that negatively regulates antiviral signaling, prior to infection and augmented antiviral type I/III IFN levels in the airspaces after infection as compared with WT lungs. Additionally, in vitro assays with human lung epithelial cells showed that treatment with recombinant human MIF increased the percentage of influenza virus-infected cells. In conclusion, our study reveals that MIF impairs antiviral host immunity and increases inflammation during influenza infection and suggests that targeting MIF could be therapeutically beneficial during influenza viral infection.
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MESH Headings
- Alveolar Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Alveolar Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Alveolar Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Alveolar Epithelial Cells/virology
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/mortality
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/immunology
- Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/genetics
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/immunology
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Primary Cell Culture
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/immunology
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice A. Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel J. Tyrell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Upasana A. Kulkarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sherri Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology and
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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12
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Parkin Impairs Antiviral Immunity by Suppressing the Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species-Nlrp3 Axis and Antiviral Inflammation. iScience 2019; 16:468-484. [PMID: 31229895 PMCID: PMC6593176 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondria are known to be involved in host defense against viral infection, the physiological role of mitophagy, a crucial mechanism for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, in antiviral immunity remains poorly defined. Here, we show that Parkin, a central player in mitophagy, has a vital function in regulating host antiviral responses. Parkin-knockout mice exhibit improved viral clearance and survival after viral infection. However, Parkin deficiency does not affect antiviral signaling and interferon production. Instead, Parkin deficiency augments innate antiviral inflammation by enhancing mitochondrial ROS (mtROS)-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoting viral clearance. Loss of NLRP3 can reverse the enhanced antiviral responses in Parkin knockout mice. Furthermore, we find that Parkin expression is downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients infected with virus. Collectively, our results suggest that Parkin plays an important role in antiviral immunity by controlling mtROS-NLRP3 axis-mediated inflammation. These findings provide physiological insight of the importance of mitophagy in regulating host antiviral response. Loss of Parkin enhances viral clearance but does not affect type I IFN production Parkin deletion promotes antiviral inflammation in vivo Parkin deficiency enhances antiviral inflammation via the mtROS-NLRP3 axis The expression of Parkin is downregulated following viral infection
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13
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Zhou J, Yang R, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Yuan H. Mitochondrial Protein PINK1 Positively Regulates RLR Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1069. [PMID: 31139191 PMCID: PMC6527598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1) controls mitochondrial quality and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson's disease. However, whether PINK1 has functions in innate antiviral immunity is largely unknown. Here, we report that viral infection down regulates PINK1 expression in macrophages. PINK1 knockdown results in decreased cytokine production and attenuated IRF3 and NF-κB activation upon viral infection. PINK1 promotes the retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR)-triggered immune responses in a kinase domain-dependent manner. Furthermore, PINK1 associates with TRAF3 via the kinase domain and inhibits Parkin-mediated TRAF3 K48-linked proteasomal degradation. In addition, PINK1 interacts with Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) upon viral infection and impairs YAP1/IRF3 complex formation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PINK1 positively regulates RIG-I triggered innate immune responses by inhibiting TRAF3 degradation and relieving YAP-mediated inhibition of the cellular antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoru Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianru Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Key J, Mueller AK, Gispert S, Matschke L, Wittig I, Corti O, Münch C, Decher N, Auburger G. Ubiquitylome profiling of Parkin-null brain reveals dysregulation of calcium homeostasis factors ATP1A2, Hippocalcin and GNA11, reflected by altered firing of noradrenergic neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:114-130. [PMID: 30763678 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder in the old population. Among its monogenic variants, a frequent cause is a mutation in the Parkin gene (Prkn). Deficient function of Parkin triggers ubiquitous mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the brain, but it remains unclear how selective neural circuits become vulnerable and finally undergo atrophy. We attempted to go beyond previous work, mostly done in peripheral tumor cells, which identified protein targets of Parkin activity, an ubiquitin E3 ligase. Thus, we now used aged Parkin-knockout (KO) mouse brain for a global quantification of ubiquitylated peptides by mass spectrometry (MS). This approach confirmed the most abundant substrate to be VDAC3, a mitochondrial outer membrane porin that modulates calcium flux, while uncovering also >3-fold dysregulations for neuron-specific factors. Ubiquitylation decreases were prominent for Hippocalcin (HPCA), Calmodulin (CALM1/CALML3), Pyruvate Kinase (PKM2), sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases (ATP1A1/2/3/4), the Rab27A-GTPase activating protein alpha (TBC1D10A) and an ubiquitin ligase adapter (DDB1), while strong increases occurred for calcium transporter ATP2C1 and G-protein subunits G(i)/G(o)/G(Tr). Quantitative immunoblots validated elevated abundance for the electrogenic pump ATP1A2, for HPCA as neuron-specific calcium sensor, which stimulates guanylate cyclases and modifies axonal slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP), and for the calcium-sensing G-protein GNA11. We assessed if compensatory molecular regulations become insufficient over time, leading to functional deficits. Patch clamp experiments in acute Parkin-KO brain slices indeed revealed alterations of the electrophysiological properties in aged noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. LC neurons of aged Parkin-KO brain showed an acceleration of the spontaneous pacemaker frequency, a reduction in sAHP and shortening of action potential duration, without modulation of KCNQ potassium currents. These findings indicate altered calcium-dependent excitability in a PARK2 model of PD, mediated by diminished turnover of potential Parkin targets such as ATP1A2 and HPCA. The data also identified further novel Parkin substrate candidates like SIRT2, OTUD7B and CUL5. Our elucidation of neuron-specific mechanisms of PD pathogenesis helps to explain the known exceptional susceptibility of noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections to alterations of calcium homeostasis and its mitochondrial buffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Key
- Exp. Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A K Mueller
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB; Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - S Gispert
- Exp. Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Matschke
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB; Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - I Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - O Corti
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France; Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - C Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB; Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - G Auburger
- Exp. Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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15
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Dhillon B, Aleithan F, Abdul-Sater Z, Abdul-Sater AA. The Evolving Role of TRAFs in Mediating Inflammatory Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:104. [PMID: 30778351 PMCID: PMC6369152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAFs [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factors] are a family of signaling molecules that function downstream of multiple receptor signaling pathways and play a pivotal role in the biology of innate, and adaptive immune cells. Following receptor ligation, TRAFs generally function as adapter proteins to mediate the activation of intracellular signaling cascades. With the exception of TRAF1 that lacks a Ring domain, TRAFs have an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity which also contributes to their ability to activate downstream signaling pathways. TRAF-mediated signaling pathways culminate in the activation of several transcription factors, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; e.g., ERK-1 and ERK-2, JNK, and p38), and interferon-regulatory factors (IRF; e.g., IRF3 and IRF7). The biological role of TRAFs is largely due to their ability to positively or negatively regulate canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling. While TRAF-mediated signaling regulates various immune cell functions, this review is focused on the recent advances in our knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms through which TRAF proteins regulate, positively and negatively, inflammatory signaling pathways, including Toll-IL-1 receptors, RIG-I like receptors, and Nod-like receptors. The review also offers a perspective on the unanswered questions that need to be addressed to fully understand how TRAFs regulate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipandeep Dhillon
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fatemah Aleithan
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zahi Abdul-Sater
- Department of Basic Sciences, Phoenicia University, Mazraat El Daoudiyeh, Lebanon
| | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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