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Vianello E, Ambrogi F, Kalousová M, Badalyan J, Dozio E, Tacchini L, Schmitz G, Zima T, Tsongalis GJ, Corsi-Romanelli MM. Circulating perturbation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is associated to cardiac remodeling and NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular patients with insulin resistance risk. Exp Mol Pathol 2024; 137:104895. [PMID: 38703553 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Lipidome perturbation occurring during meta-inflammation is associated to left ventricle (LV) remodeling though the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key regulator of chronic inflammation in obesity-related disorders. Little is known about phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as DAMP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome. Our study is aimed to evaluate if a systemic reduction of PC/PE molar ratio can affect NLRP3 plasma levels in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with insulin resistance (IR) risk. Forty patients from IRCCS Policlinico San Donato were enrolled, and their blood samples were drawn before heart surgery. LV geometry measurements were evaluated by echocardiography and clinical data associated to IR risk were collected. PC and PE were quantified by ESI-MS/MS. Circulating NLRP3 was quantified by an ELISA assay. Our results have shown that CVD patients with IR risk presented systemic lipid impairment of PC and PE species and their ratio in plasma was inversely associated to NLRP3 levels. Interestingly, CVD patients with IR risk presented LV changes directly associated to increased levels of NLRP3 and a decrease in PC/PE ratio in plasma, highlighting the systemic effect of meta-inflammation in cardiac response. In summary, PC and PE can be considered bioactive mediators associated to both the NLRP3 and LV changes in CVD patients with IR risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy.
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Marta Kalousová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Prague General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julietta Badalyan
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Statistica Sanitaria e Biometria, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Prague General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory J Tsongalis
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Massimiliano M Corsi-Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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2
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Baris E, Arici MA, Tosun M. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated effects of varenicline on LPS-elevated prostaglandin and cyclooxygenase levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1392689. [PMID: 38859932 PMCID: PMC11163068 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1392689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to delineate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of varenicline, a cigarette smoking cessation aid, on decreasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-elevated proinflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cultures which we showed earlier to occur via cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) activation. To this end, we investigated the possible suppressive capacity of varenicline on LPS-regulated cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) activation using the same in vitro model. Materials and Methods: In order to test anti-inflammatory effectiveness of varenicline, the levels of COX isoforms and products (PGE2, 6-keto PGF1α, a stable analog of PGI2, and TXA2) altered after LPS administration were determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The antioxidant effects of varenicline were assessed by measuring reductions in reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a fluorometric intracellular ROS assay kit. We further investigated the contribution of nAChR subtypes by using non-selective and/or selective α7nAChR antagonists. The results were compared with that of conventional anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen, celecoxib and dexamethasone. Results: Varenicline significantly reduced LPS-induced COX-1, COX-2 and prostaglandin levels and ROS to an extent similar to that observed with anti-inflammatory agents used. Discussion: Significant downregulation in LPS-induced COX isoforms and associated decreases in PGE2, 6-keto PGF1α, and TXA2 levels along with reduction in ROS may be partly mediated via varenicline-activated α7nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Baris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Mualla Aylin Arici
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Metiner Tosun
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Türkiye
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Zwierzchowski G, Haxhiaj K, Wójcik R, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN. Identifying Predictive Biomarkers of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows through Urinary Metabotyping. Metabolites 2024; 14:205. [PMID: 38668333 PMCID: PMC11051925 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a significant infectious disease in dairy cows, resulting in milk yield loss and culling. Early detection of mastitis-prone cows is crucial for implementing effective preventive measures before disease onset. Current diagnosis of subclinical mastitis (SCM) relies on somatic cell count assessment post-calving, lacking predictive capabilities. This study aimed to identify metabolic changes in pre-SCM cows through targeted metabolomic analysis of urine samples collected 8 wks and 4 wks before calving, using mass spectrometry. A nested case-control design was employed, involving a total of 145 multiparous dairy cows, with disease occurrence monitored pre- and postpartum. Among them, 15 disease-free cows served as healthy controls (CON), while 10 cows exclusively had SCM, excluding those with additional diseases. Urinary metabolite profiling revealed multiple alterations in acylcarnitines, amino acids, and organic acids in pre-SCM cows. Metabotyping identified 27 metabolites that distinguished pre-SCM cows from healthy CON cows at both 8 and 4 wks before parturition. However, only four metabolites per week showed significant alterations (p < 0.005). Notably, a panel of four serum metabolites (asymmetric dimethylarginine, proline, leucine, and homovanillate) at 8 wks prepartum, and another panel (asymmetric dimethylarginine, methylmalonate, citrate, and spermidine) at 4 wks prepartum, demonstrated predictive ability as urinary biomarkers for SCM risk (AUC = 0.88; p = 0.02 and AUC = 0.88; p = 0.03, respectively). In conclusion, our findings indicate that metabolite testing can identify cows at risk of SCM as early as 8 and 4 wks before parturition. Validation of the two identified metabolite panels is warranted to implement these predictive biomarkers, facilitate early intervention strategies, and improve dairy cow management to mitigate the impact of SCM. Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy and applicability of these biomarkers in practical farm settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Zwierzchowski
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (G.Z.); (K.H.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 1a Oczapowskiego Str., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Klevis Haxhiaj
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (G.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Roman Wójcik
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 1a Oczapowskiego Str., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - David S. Wishart
- Department of Biological and Computer Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada;
| | - Burim N. Ametaj
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (G.Z.); (K.H.)
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Klement L, Jansakun C, Yan B, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Altamura S, Muckenthaler M, Merle U, Chamulitrat W. Myeloid-specific deletion of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 induces pro-inflammatory LPS response predominantly in male mice via MIP-1α activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167016. [PMID: 38198970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (PLA2G6) are associated with blood C-reactive protein suggesting its role in inflammation. We showed that myeloid-specific Pla2g6-deficiency in Pla2g6M-/- mice led to exaggerated inflammation and fibrosis in a lean fatty liver model. We here investigated whether these mutants display alteration in immune response after treatment with E. coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) under acute (a single dose) and persistent (four doses) conditions. Without LPS treatment, male Pla2g6M-/- (but not Flox) mice at 12 months of age exhibited splenomegaly and hepatic necrosis, and ~ 30 % of them exhibited autoimmune hepatitis showing lymphoplasma cells with CD3(+) and CD45R(+) staining. Under acute LPS, male mutants showed an elevation of plasma MIP-1α and immunoglobulinA as well as upregulation of hepatic apoptosis and fibrosis PARP-1, Bax, MCP-1, α-SMA, and collagen I proteins. Their bone-marrow-derived macrophages also showed an elevation of MIP-1α release upon LPS stimulation in vitro. Female mutants under acute LPS showed a moderate increase in plasma KC/CXCL1, MCP-1, and IL10, and they showed no remarkable increase in hepatic fibrosis under acute or persistent LPS. Male mutants under persistent LPS displayed an elevation of aspartate aminotransferase, blood eosinophils, and hepatic apoptosis. Moreover, ~30 % of these mutants exhibited eosinophilic sclerosing portal hepatitis associated with an upregulated protein expression of hepatic CD8α, CD68, eosinophilic cationic protein, and Ly6G. Thus, myeloid-PLA2G6 deficiency led to an autoimmune and LPS-induced inflammatory liver disease via MIP-1α in a male-predominant manner. Our results may be applicable to patients with PLA2G6 mutations who undergo bacterial infection and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Klement
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chutima Jansakun
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Bin Yan
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Shen X, Wu Y, Chen P, Bai Y, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Yang Z. Anti-platelet aggregation activities of different grades of Angelica sinensis and their therapeutic mechanisms in rats with blood deficiency: insights from metabolomics and lipidomics analyses. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1230861. [PMID: 38235114 PMCID: PMC10791921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1230861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, the radix of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (RAS) is mainly used to replenish and invigorate the blood circulation. This study investigated anti-platelet aggregation activities were used by New Zealand rabbits, and high-performance liquid chromatography data were obtained to determine the spectrum-effect relationship for different commercial grades of RAS. Plasma and urine metabolites were examined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the role of these metabolites in a rat model of blood deficiency (BD). Plasma and spleen metabolites were additionally examined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography plus Q-Exactive tandem mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to clarify the mechanisms of RAS in treating BD. The third grade of RAS exhibited the best activity in replenishing and invigorating blood in vitro and in vivo. Ferulic acid, ligustilide, senkyunolide I, uridine, and guanine are quality markers of anti-platelet aggregation activity. Based on the metabolomics results, 19 potential biomarkers were screened in plasma, and 12 potential metabolites were detected in urine. In lipidomics analyses, 73 potential biomarkers were screened in plasma, and 112 potential biomarkers were screened in the spleen. RAS may restore lipid metabolism by regulating disorders of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism (thereby improving energy metabolism), and arachidonic acid metabolism (thereby promoting blood circulation). These results provide a deeper understanding of the effects of different grades of RAS and a scientific reference for the establishment of grading standards and for the clinical use of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Northwestern Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Kanhai AA, Sánchez-López E, Kuipers TB, van Klinken JB, Dijkstra KL, van der Veen I, Baelde HJ, Song X, Pei Y, Mei H, Leonhard WN, Mayboroda OA, Peters DJ. Short salsalate administration affects cell proliferation, metabolism, and inflammation in polycystic kidney disease. iScience 2023; 26:108278. [PMID: 38026227 PMCID: PMC10665819 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a driver of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) progression and a potential therapeutic intervention route. We showed before that the AMP-associated protein kinase (AMPK) activator salsalate attenuates cystic disease progression. Here, we aim to study the early, direct effects of short salsalate treatment in adult-onset conditional Pkd1 deletion mice. Cystic mice were treated with salsalate for two weeks, after which NMR metabolomics and RNA sequencing analyses were performed. Pkd1 deletion resulted in clear metabolomic dysregulation. Short salsalate treatment has small, but significant, effects, reverting acetylcarnitine and phosphocholine concentrations back to wildtype levels, and showing associations with altered purine metabolism. RNA sequencing revealed that short salsalate treatment, next to restoring energy metabolism toward wildtype levels, also affects cell proliferation and inflammation, in PKD. We show that salsalate positively affects major dysregulated processes in ADPKD: energy metabolism, cell proliferation, and inflammation, providing more insights into its working mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish A. Kanhai
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas B. Kuipers
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B. van Klinken
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kyra L. Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Inge van der Veen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J. Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xuewen Song
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter N. Leonhard
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Oleg A. Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien J.M. Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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7
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Yao N, Li W, Xu G, Duan N, Yu G, Qu J. Choline metabolism and its implications in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1234887. [PMID: 38023163 PMCID: PMC10646347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1234887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline, a quintessential quaternary ammonium compound, plays a cardinal role in several pivotal biological mechanisms, chiefly in safeguarding cell membrane integrity, orchestrating methylation reactions, and synthesizing vital neurotransmitters. This systematic review meticulously dissects the complex interplay between choline metabolism and its profound implications in oncology. The exposition is stratified into three salient dimensions: Initially, we delve into the intricacies of choline metabolism, accentuating its indispensability in cellular physiology, the enzymatic labyrinth governing its flux, and the pivotal cellular import mechanisms. Subsequently, we elucidate the contemporary comprehension of choline metabolism in the cancer paradigm, traversing its influence from inception to the intricate metamorphosis during oncogenic progression, further compounded by dysregulated enzyme activities and aberrant signaling cascades. Conclusively, we illuminate the burgeoning potential of choline-centric metabolic imaging modalities, notably magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and positron emission tomography (PET), as avant-garde tools for cancer diagnostics and therapeutic trajectory monitoring. Synoptically, the nuanced perturbations in choline metabolism in neoplastic entities unfurl critical insights, potentially heralding paradigm shifts in diagnostic and therapeutic oncological stratagems. A deeper foray into this realm is anticipated to fortify our molecular understanding and refine intervention modalities in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshuai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Liu N, Zhong Y, Pang X, Li M, Cannon RD, Mei L, Cai X, Ji P. The nano-windmill exerts superior anti-inflammatory effects via reducing choline uptake to inhibit macrophage activation. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13470. [PMID: 37051938 PMCID: PMC10542611 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages' activation plays a central role during the development and progression of inflammation, while the regulation of metabolic reprogramming of macrophages has been recently identified as a novel strategy for anti-inflammatory therapies. Our previous studies have found that tetrahedral framework nucleic acid (tFNA) plays a mild anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting macrophage activation, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Here, by metabolomics and RNA sequencing, choline uptake is identified to be significantly repressed by decreased slc44a1 expression in tFNA-treated activated macrophages. Inspired by this result, combined with the excellent delivery capacities of tFNA, siR-slc44a1 is loaded into the tFNA to develop a new tFNA-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system named 'nano-windmill,' which exhibits a synergetic role by targeting slc44a1, finally blowing up the anti-inflammatory effects of tFNA to inhibit macrophages activation via reducing choline uptake. By confirming its anti-inflammatory effects in chronic (periodontitis) and acute (sepsis) inflammatory disease, the tFNA-based nanomedicine developed for inflammatory diseases may provide broad prospects for tFNA upgrading and various biological applications such as anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxin Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Yuke Zhong
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
| | - Richard D. Cannon
- Department of Oral SciencesSir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
- Department of Oral SciencesSir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingP. R. China
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9
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Ghorbani P, Kim SY, Smith TKT, Minarrieta L, Robert-Gostlin V, Kilgour MK, Ilijevska M, Alecu I, Snider SA, Margison KD, Nunes JRC, Woo D, Pember C, O’Dwyer C, Ouellette J, Kotchetkov P, St-Pierre J, Bennett SAL, Lacoste B, Blais A, Nair MG, Fullerton MD. Choline metabolism underpins macrophage IL-4 polarization and RELMα up-regulation in helminth infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011658. [PMID: 37747879 PMCID: PMC10553840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 cytokines like IL-4 are hallmarks of helminth infection and activate macrophages to limit immunopathology and mediate helminth clearance. In addition to cytokines, nutrients and metabolites critically influence macrophage polarization. Choline is an essential nutrient known to support normal macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide; however, its function in macrophages polarized by type 2 cytokines is unknown. Using murine IL-4-polarized macrophages, targeted lipidomics revealed significantly elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine, with select changes to other choline-containing lipid species. These changes were supported by the coordinated up-regulation of choline transport compared to naïve macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of choline metabolism significantly suppressed several mitochondrial transcripts and dramatically inhibited select IL-4-responsive transcripts, most notably, Retnla. We further confirmed that blocking choline metabolism diminished IL-4-induced RELMα (encoded by Retnla) protein content and secretion and caused a dramatic reprogramming toward glycolytic metabolism. To better understand the physiological implications of these observations, naïve or mice infected with the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus were treated with the choline kinase α inhibitor, RSM-932A, to limit choline metabolism in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of choline metabolism lowered RELMα expression across cell-types and tissues and led to the disappearance of peritoneal macrophages and B-1 lymphocytes and an influx of infiltrating monocytes. The impaired macrophage activation was associated with some loss in optimal immunity to H. polygyrus, with increased egg burden. Together, these data demonstrate that choline metabolism is required for macrophage RELMα induction, metabolic programming, and peritoneal immune homeostasis, which could have important implications in the context of other models of infection or cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Ghorbani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Tyler K. T. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucía Minarrieta
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Robert-Gostlin
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marisa K. Kilgour
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maja Ilijevska
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irina Alecu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayne A. Snider
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn D. Margison
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia R. C. Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Woo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Ciara Pember
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conor O’Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Ouellette
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pavel Kotchetkov
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steffany A. L. Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meera G. Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Morgan D. Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Liu D, Wang Q, Li Y, Yuan Z, Liu Z, Guo J, Li X, Zhang W, Tao Y, Mei J. Fructus gardeniae ameliorates anxiety-like behaviors induced by sleep deprivation via regulating hippocampal metabolomics and gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1167312. [PMID: 37377643 PMCID: PMC10291143 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1167312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructus gardeniae (FG) is a traditional Chinese medicine and health food for thousands of years of application throughout Chinese history and is still widely used in clinical Chinese medicine. FG has a beneficial impact on anxiety, depression, insomnia, and psychiatric disorders; however, its mechanism of action requires further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of FG on sleep deprivation (SD)-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats. A model of SD-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). This was accompanied by neuroinflammation and metabolic abnormalities in the hippocampus and disturbance of intestinal microbiota. However reduced SD-induced anxiety-like behavior and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β were observed in the hippocampus of rats after 7 days of FG intervention. In addition, metabolomic analysis demonstrated that FG was able to modulate levels of phosphatidylserine 18, Phosphatidylinositol 18, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, deoxyguanylic acid, xylose, betaine and other metabolites in the hippocampus. The main metabolic pathways of hippocampal metabolites after FG intervention involve carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. 16S rRNA sequencing illustrated that FG ameliorated the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in anxious rats, mainly increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus, and decreased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. In addition, the correlation analysis demonstrated that there was a close relationship between hippocampal metabolites and intestinal microbiota. In conclusion, FG improved the anxiety behavior and inhibited of neuroinflammation in sleep-deprived rats, and the mechanism may be related to the FG regulation of hippocampal metabolites and intestinal microflora composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qianfei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhenshuang Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Department of Emergency, Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhang, Hebei, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Weichao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yulei Tao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianqiang Mei
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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11
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Du X, Cui Z, Zhang R, Zhao K, Wang L, Yao J, Liu S, Cai C, Cao Y. The Effects of Rumen-Protected Choline and Rumen-Protected Nicotinamide on Liver Transcriptomics in Periparturient Dairy Cows. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050594. [PMID: 37233635 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of rumen-protected choline (RPC) and rumen-protected nicotinamide (RPM) on liver metabolic function based on transcriptome in periparturient dairy cows, 10 healthy Holstein dairy cows with similar parity were allocated to RPC and RPM groups (n = 5). The cows were fed experimental diets between 14 days before and 21 days after parturition. The RPC diet contained 60 g RPC per day, and the RPM diet contained 18.7 g RPM per day. Liver biopsies were taken 21 days after calving for the transcriptome analysis. A model of fat deposition hepatocytes was constructed using the LO2 cell line with the addition of NEFA (1.6 mmol/L), and the expression level of genes closely related to liver metabolism was validated and divided into a CHO group (75 μmol/L) and a NAM group (2 mmol/L). The results showed that the expression of a total of 11,023 genes was detected and clustered obviously between the RPC and RPM groups. These genes were assigned to 852 Gene Ontology terms, the majority of which were associated with biological process and molecular function. A total of 1123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 640 up-regulated and 483 down-regulated, were identified between the RPC and RPM groups. These DEGs were mainly correlated with fat metabolism, oxidative stress and some inflammatory pathways. In addition, compared with the NAM group, the gene expression level of FGF21, CYP26A1, SLC13A5, SLCO1B3, FBP2, MARS1 and CDH11 in the CHO group increased significantly (p < 0.05). We proposed that that RPC could play a prominent role in the liver metabolism of periparturient dairy cows by regulating metabolic processes such as fatty acid synthesis and metabolism and glucose metabolism; yet, RPM was more involved in biological processes such as the TCA cycle, ATP generation and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue'er Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhijie Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Keliang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lamei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chuanjiang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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12
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Traughber CA, Iacano AJ, Neupane K, Khan MR, Opoku E, Nunn T, Prince A, Sangwan N, Hazen SL, Smith JD, Gulshan K. Impavido attenuates inflammation, reduces atherosclerosis, and alters gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic mice. iScience 2023; 26:106453. [PMID: 37020959 PMCID: PMC10067757 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Impavido (Miltefosine) is an FDA-approved drug for treating leishmaniasis and primary amebic meningoencephalitis. We have shown previously that Miltefosine increased cholesterol release and dampened Nlrp3 inflammasome assembly in macrophages. Here, we show that Miltefosine reduced LPS-induced choline uptake by macrophages, and attenuated Nlrp3 inflammasome assembly in mice. Miltefosine-fed mice showed reduced plasma IL-1β in a polymicrobial cecal slurry model of systemic inflammation. Miltefosine-fed mice showed increased reverse cholesterol transport to the plasma, liver, and feces. Hyperlipidemic apoE-/- mice fed with WTD + Miltefosine showed significantly reduced weight gain and markedly reduced atherosclerotic lesions versus mice fed with WTD. The 16S rDNA sequencing and analysis of gut microbiota showed marked alterations in the microbiota profile of Miltefosine-fed hyperlipidemic apoE-/- versus control, with the most notable changes in Romboutsia and Bacteriodes species. Taken together, these data indicate that Miltefosine causes pleiotropic effects on lipid metabolism, inflammasome activity, atherosclerosis, and the gut microbiota.
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13
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Yin M, Chen M, Matsuoka R, Song X, Xi Y, Zhang L, Wang X. UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS based untargeted lipidomics reveals fatty acids and lipids profiles in different parts of capelin (Mallotus villosus). J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Nadwa EH, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Albogami SM, Alorabi M, Batiha GES, De Waard M. Cholinergic dysfunction in COVID-19: frantic search and hoping for the best. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:453-468. [PMID: 36460816 PMCID: PMC9735034 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential cause of acute respiratory infection called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The binding of SARS-CoV-2 with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) induces a series of inflammatory cellular events with cytopathic effects leading to cell injury and hyperinflammation. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to dysautonomia and sympathetic storm due to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the critical role of the cholinergic system (CS) in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The CS forms a multi-faceted network performing diverse functions in the body due to its distribution in the neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Acetylcholine (ACh) acts on two main types of receptors which are nicotinic receptors (NRs) and muscarinic receptors (MRs). NRs induce T cell anergy with impairment of antigen-mediated signal transduction. Nicotine through activation of T cell NRs inhibits the expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. NRs play important anti-inflammatory effects while MRs promote inflammation by inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect the morphological and functional stability of CS through the disruption of cholinergic receptors. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is similar to neurotoxins, which can bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the ANS and brain. Therefore, cholinergic receptors mainly nAChR and related cholinergic agonists may affect the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cholinergic dysfunction in COVID-19 is due to dysregulation of nAChR by SARS-CoV-2 promoting the central sympathetic drive with the development of the sympathetic storm. As well, nAChR activators through interaction with diverse signaling pathways can reduce the risk of inflammatory disorders in COVID-19. In addition, nAChR activators may mitigate endothelial dysfunction (ED), oxidative stress (OS), and associated coagulopathy in COVID-19. Similarly, nAChR activators may improve OS, inflammatory changes, and cytokine storm in COVID-19. Therefore, nAChR activators like varenicline in virtue of its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect could be effective in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hassan Nadwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakakah, 72345 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132 Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132 Iraq
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Sarah M. Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alorabi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Al Beheira Egypt
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 Rue Des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx “Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics”, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
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15
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Nakamura E, Maekawa K, Saito Y, Matsumoto T, Ogawa M, Komohara Y, Asada Y, Yamashita A. Altered choline level in atherosclerotic lesions: Upregulation of choline transporter-like protein 1 in human coronary unstable plaque. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281730. [PMID: 36800352 PMCID: PMC9937458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory activity and hypoxia in atherosclerotic plaques are associated with plaque instability and thrombotic complications. Recent studies show that vascular cell metabolism affects atherogenesis and thrombogenicity. This study aimed to identify the metabolites in macrophage-rich unstable plaques that modulate atherogenesis and serve as potential markers of plaque instability. Atherosclerotic plaques were induced by balloon injury in the iliofemoral arteries of rabbits fed on a conventional or 0.5% cholesterol diet. At 3 months post-balloon injury, the arteries and cardiac tissues were subjected to histological, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and metabolomic analyses. The identified metabolite-related proteins were immunohistochemically analyzed in stable and unstable plaques from human coronary arteries. The factors modulating the identified metabolites were examined in macrophages derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Metabolomic analysis revealed that choline and guanine levels in macrophage-rich arteries were upregulated compared with those in non-injured arteries and cardiac tissues. Vascular choline levels, but not guanine levels, were positively correlated with the areas immunopositive for macrophages and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 mRNA levels in injured arteries. In human coronary arteries, choline transporter-like protein (CTL) 1 was mainly localized to macrophages within plaques. The area that was immunopositive for CTL1 in unstable plaques was significantly higher than that in stable plaques. Intracellular choline levels were upregulated upon stimulation with TNF-α but were downregulated under hypoxia in cultured macrophages. Administration of choline upregulated the expression of TNF-α and CTL1 mRNA in cultured macrophages. The transfection of CTL1 small interfering RNA decreased CTL1, TNF-α, and MMP9 mRNA levels in cultured macrophages. These results suggest that choline metabolism is altered in macrophage-rich atherosclerotic lesions and unstable plaques. Thus, CTL1 may be potential markers of plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazunari Maekawa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Saito
- Bioengineering Lab, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsumoto
- Center for Collaborative Research and Community Cooperation, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yujiro Asada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Miyazaki Medical Association Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Zhan X, Fletcher L, Huyben D, Cai H, Dingle S, Qi N, Huber LA, Wang B, Li J. Choline supplementation regulates gut microbiome diversity, gut epithelial activity, and the cytokine gene expression in gilts. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1101519. [PMID: 36819695 PMCID: PMC9931747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient that is necessary for both fetal development and maintenance of neural function, while its effect on female ovarian development is largely unexplored. Our previous study demonstrated that choline supplementation promotes ovarian follicular development and ovulation, although its underlying mechanism was unclear. To uncover the potential regulation pathway, eighteen female Yorkshire × Landrace gilts were fed with either standard commercial diet (Control group, n = 9) or choline supplemented diet (Choline group, additional 500 mg/kg of control diet, n = 9) from day 90 of age to day 186. At day 186, feces samples were analyzed for effects on the gut microbiome using 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing with Illumina MiSeq, serum samples were analyzed for trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) using HILIC method, and jejunum tissues were analyzed for immune related gene expression using qRT-PCR. Our results show that choline supplementation did not alter the circulating level of TMA and TMAO (P > 0.05), but rather increased gut microbiome alpha diversity (P < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis results showed that the choline diet mainly increased the abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, but decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Euryarchaeota at the phyla level. Meta-genomic analysis revealed that choline supplementation activated pathways in the gut microbiota associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis and degradation of infertility-causing environmental pollutants (bisphenol, xylene, and dioxins). To further verify the effect of choline on intestinal activity, a porcine intestine cell line (IPEC-J2) was treated with serial concentrations of choline chloride in vitro. Our data demonstrated that choline promoted the proliferation of IPEC-J2 while inhibiting the apoptotic activity. qRT-PCR results showed that choline significantly increased the expression level of Bcl2 in both IPEC-J2 cells and jejunum tissues. The expression of IL-22, a cytokine that has been shown to impact ovarian function, was increased by choline treatment in vitro. Our findings reveal the beneficial effect of choline supplementation on enhancing the gut microbiome composition and intestinal epithelial activity, and offer insights into how these changes may have contributed to the ovarian development-promoting effect we reported in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Zhan
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Fletcher
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David Huyben
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Haiming Cai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Serena Dingle
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bingyun Wang
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Bingyun Wang,
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,Julang Li,
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17
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Muto E, Okada T, Yamanaka T, Uchino H, Inazu M. Licochalcone E, a β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitor, Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization via Inhibition of CTL1-Mediated Choline Uptake. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020191. [PMID: 36830561 PMCID: PMC9953043 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to be a series of neuroinflammatory diseases caused by abnormal deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein in the brain as part of its etiology. We focused on Aβ aggregation and M1 and M2 microglial polarity in microglia to search for novel therapeutic agents. It has been reported that the inhibition of choline uptake via choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) in microglia preferentially induces M2 microglial polarity. However, the role of the choline transport system on the regulation of microglial M1/M2 polarity in AD is not fully understood. Licochalcones (Licos) A-E, flavonoids extracted from licorice, have been reported to have immunological anti-inflammatory effects, and Lico A inhibits Aβ aggregation. In this study, we compared the efficacy of five Licos, from Lico A to E, at inhibiting Aβ1-42 aggregation. Among the five Licos, Lico E was selected to investigate the relationship between the inhibition of choline uptake and microglial M1/M2 polarization using the immortalized mouse microglial cell line SIM-A9. We newly found that Lico E inhibited choline uptake and Aβ1-42 aggregation in SIM-A9 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of Lico E on choline uptake is mediated by CTL1. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), a marker of M1 microglia, was increased by Aβ1-42, and its effect was inhibited by choline deprivation and Lico E in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, the mRNA expression of arginase-1 (Arg-1), a marker of M2 microglia, was increased by IL-4, and its effect was enhanced by choline deprivation and Lico E. We found that Lico E has an inhibitory effect on Aβ aggregation and promotes polarity from M1 to M2 microglia via inhibition of the CTL1 function in microglia. Thus, Lico E may become a leading compound for a novel treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Muto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Toshio Okada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3351-6141
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18
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Supplementing Diets with Agriophyllum squarrosum Reduced Blood Lipids, Enhanced Immunity and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities, and Mediated Lipid Metabolism in Tan Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243486. [PMID: 36552407 PMCID: PMC9774518 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriophyllum squarrosum (sand rice), a widespread desert plant, possesses anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for many years. However, its effects on ruminants are unknown. To fill this gap, we examined the effects of A. squarrosum on the immune and anti-inflammatory responses of lambs. A total of 23, 6-month-old Tan ewe-lambs (27.6 ± 0.47 kg) were divided into four groups and offered a basic diet (C—control), or a diet that contained 10%, 20%, or 30% A. squarrosum, on a dry matter basis, for 128 days. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol were lower (p = 0.004) in the 30% supplemented lambs than controls, while concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower (p = 0.006) in the 10% and 20%, but not in 30% supplemented lambs than controls. Serum-cortisol concentrations were lower (p = 0.012) in the 30% supplemented lambs and free fatty acid concentrations were higher in the 10% and 20% supplemented lambs than in control lambs (p < 0.001). Supplementation with A. squarrosum decreased (p < 0.05) the area of adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue, but there was no difference between the 20% and 30% diets. Conversely, the area in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) increased (p < 0.05), especially for the 10% and 20% supplemented diets. Supplementation with A. squarrosum also enriched immune and anti-inflammatory related and lipid and glucose-metabolic pathways and associated differentially expressed gene expressions in adipose tissue. A total of 10 differential triacylglycerol, 34 differential phosphatidylcholines and seven differential phosphatidylethanolamines decreased in the diet with 30% supplementation, when compared to the other diets. Finally, adipocyte-differentiation genes, and immune and inflammatory response-related gene expression levels decreased in lamb adipocytes cultured with an aqueous A. squarrosum extract. In conclusion, supplementing lamb diets with A. squarrosum reduced blood lipids, enhanced immunity and anti-inflammatory capacities, and mediated lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and adipocytes of Tan lambs. A level of approximately 10% is recommended, but further research is required to determine the precise optimal level.
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19
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Lu J, Tao X, Luo J, Zhu T, Jiao L, Jin M, Zhou Q. Dietary choline promotes growth, antioxidant capacity and immune response by modulating p38MAPK/p53 signaling pathways of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:827-837. [PMID: 36334698 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary choline levels on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, innate immunity and hemocyte apoptosis of Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different choline levels: 2.91 (basal diet), 3.85, 4.67, 6.55, 10.70 and 18.90 g kg-1choline, respectively. The results indicated that shrimp fed diet with 4.67 g kg-1 choline had the highest final body weight (FBW), percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), and activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and phenoloxidase (PO) in hemolymph among all treatments. Shrimp fed diet with 18.90 g kg-1 choline exhibited significantly lower crude lipid in hepatopancreas than those fed diets with 2.91, 3.85, 4.67 and 6.55 g kg-1 choline (P < 0.05). The concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis rate in hemocytes significantly decreased with the increase of dietary choline levels (P < 0.05). Shrimp fed diets with 6.55, 10.70 and 18.90 g kg-1 choline had significantly higher scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical (SAHR) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in hemolymph than those fed diet with 2.91 g kg-1 choline (P < 0.05). Dietary choline supplementation down-regulated the expression of genes related to apoptosis such as caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-8, p53, and p38MAPK in hemocytes (P < 0.05), while up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptosis gene bcl2 in hemocytes (P < 0.05). Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that appropriate dietary choline could improve growth performance and feed utilization, enhance antioxidant capacity and innate immunity, and mitigate apoptosis in Litopenaeus vannamei. Moreover, the inhibition of hemocyte apoptosis by dietary choline may be regulated by the p38MAPK-p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xinyue Tao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiaxiang Luo
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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20
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Minamimoto R. Oncology and cardiology positron emission tomography/computed tomography faced with COVID-19: A review of available literature data. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1052921. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1052921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced people to significantly change their lifestyles and attitudes, and has greatly burdened healthcare delivery systems worldwide. The redistribution of the medical delivery system to maintain normal medical care while responding generously to COVID-19 is a continuing challenge that weighs heavily on medical institutions. Among imaging modalities, chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) examinations have clearly made a large contribution to treatment of COVID-19. In contrast, it is difficult to express the standpoint of nuclear medicine examinations in a straightforward manner, as the greatest emphasis in this modality has been on how necessary medical care can continue to be provided. Many clinical reports of nuclear medicine examinations related to COVID-19 have been published, and knowledge continues to accumulate. This review provides a summary of the current state of oncology and cardiology positron emission tomography (PET) examinations related to COVID-19, and includes preparation of the nuclear medicine department, trends in PET examinations, specific imaging findings on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT, imaging of complications of COVID-19, PET tracers other than FDG, and the effects of vaccines on PET imaging findings.
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21
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Cui L, Weiyao J, Chenghong S, Limei L, Xinghua Z, Bo Y, Xiaozheng D, Haidong W. Rheumatoid arthritis and mitochondrial homeostasis: The crossroads of metabolism and immunity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1017650. [PMID: 36213670 PMCID: PMC9542797 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1017650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic symmetric synovial inflammation and erosive bone destruction. Mitochondria are the main site of cellular energy supply and play a key role in the process of energy metabolism. They possess certain self-regulatory and repair capabilities. Mitochondria maintain relative stability in number, morphology, and spatial structure through biological processes, such as biogenesis, fission, fusion, and autophagy, which are collectively called mitochondrial homeostasis. An imbalance in the mitochondrial homeostatic environment will affect immune cell energy metabolism, synovial cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory signaling. These biological processes are involved in the onset and development of rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we found that in rheumatoid arthritis, abnormal mitochondrial homeostasis can mediate various immune cell metabolic disorders, and the reprogramming of immune cell metabolism is closely related to their inflammatory activation. In turn, mitochondrial damage and homeostatic imbalance can lead to mtDNA leakage and increased mtROS production. mtDNA and mtROS are active substances mediating multiple inflammatory pathways. Several rheumatoid arthritis therapeutic agents regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and repair mitochondrial damage. Therefore, modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis would be one of the most attractive targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Cui
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Weiyao
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Su Chenghong
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liu Limei
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhang Xinghua
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Bo
- Acupuncture and Pain Department, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Lanzhou, China
| | - Du Xiaozheng
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Du Xiaozheng
| | - Wang Haidong
- Rheumatoid Bone Disease Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Lanzhou, China
- Wang Haidong
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22
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Broos WA, Knol RJ, Zant FMVD, Schaper NC, Wondergem M. Incidental Findings on 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT for Parathyroid Imaging. World J Nucl Med 2022; 21:192-199. [PMID: 36060082 PMCID: PMC9436517 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
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F-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an upcoming imaging technique for the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. However,
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F-choline is a nonspecific tracer that also accumulates in malignancies, inflammatory lesions, and several other benign abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and relevance of incidental findings on
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F-choline PET/CT for parathyroid localization.
Materials and Methods
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F-choline PET/CTs performed in our center for parathyroid localization from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. Abnormal uptake of
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F-choline, with or without anatomical substrate on the co-registered low-dose CT and also incidental findings on CT without increased
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F-choline uptake were recorded. Each finding was correlated with follow-up data from the electronic medical records.
Results
A total of 388
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F-choline PET/CTs were reviewed, with 247 incidental findings detected in 226 patients (58%): 82
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F-choline positive findings with corresponding pathology on CT, 16 without CT substrate, and 149
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F-choline negative abnormalities on CT. Malignant lesions were detected in 10/388 patients (2.6%). Of all 98 detected
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F-choline positive lesions, 15 were malignant (15.3%), concerning 4 metastases and 11 primary malignancies: breast carcinoma (
n
= 7), lung carcinoma (
n
= 2), thyroid carcinoma (
n
= 1), and skin melanoma (
n
= 1).
Conclusion
Clinically relevant incidental findings were observed in a substantial number of patients. In 15.3% of the incidental
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F-choline positive findings, the lesions were malignant. These data contribute to better knowledge of
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F-choline distribution, enhance interpretation of
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F-choline PET/CT, and guide follow-up of incidental findings. Attention should especially be paid to breast lesions in this particular patient group with hyperparathyroidism in which women are typically over-represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A.M. Broos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Care and Public Health Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco J.J. Knol
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolaas C. Schaper
- CAPHRI School for Care and Public Health Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurits Wondergem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
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Functional Expression of Choline Transporters in Microglia and Their Regulation of Microglial M1/M2 Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168924. [PMID: 36012189 PMCID: PMC9408370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microglia are key cells of the immune system in the central nervous system and are suggested to be deeply involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. It is well known that microglia have functional plasticity, with an inflammatory M1 phenotype and an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Inhibition of choline transport in macrophages has been reported to suppress the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, the role of the choline transport system in regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization has not been fully elucidated to date. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of choline uptake in microglia, and its association with microglial M1/M2 polarization. Methods: The immortalized mouse microglial cell line SIM-A9 was used for [3H]choline uptake and expression analysis of choline transporters. The association between the choline uptake system and the M1/M2 polarization of microglia was also analyzed. Results: Choline transporter-like protein (CTL) 1 and CTL2 were highly expressed in SIM-A9 cells, and CTL1 and CTL2 were localized in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. Functional analysis of choline uptake demonstrated the existence of Na+-independent, pH-dependent, and intermediate-affinity choline transport systems. Choline uptake was concentration-dependently inhibited by hemicholinium-3 (HC-3), an inhibitor of choline uptake, and increased by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Expression of the mRNA of M1 microglia markers IL-1β and IL-6 was increased by LPS, and their effects were suppressed by choline deprivation and HC-3. In contrast, mRNA expression of the M2 microglial marker arginase-1 (Arg-1) was increased by IL-4, and the effect was enhanced by choline deprivation and HC-3. Conclusions: Our results suggest that inhibition of CTL1-mediated choline uptake in microglia preferentially induces M2 microglia polarization, which is a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory brain diseases.
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Ah-Thiane L, Ferrer L, Maucherat B, Fleury V, Le Thiec M, Rusu D, Rousseau C. Vaccine-Related Lymph Nodes: The Emerging Pitfalls of 18F-Fluorocholine and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in the Era of COVID-19 Vaccination. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:575-582. [PMID: 35675134 PMCID: PMC9169609 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently under worldwide deployment. The consequences of this vaccination can be seen in radiology and nuclear medicine explorations with visualization of axillary lymph nodes (LNs), as observed on ultrasonography, MRI, or 18F-FDG PET/CT.We aimed to evaluate on PET/CT the incidence of vaccine-related LNs and their characteristics after COVID-19 vaccination, using several radiopharmaceuticals different from 18F-FDG. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between February and July 2021, all consecutive patients undergoing a whole-body PET/CT for any indication using a different radiopharmaceutical from 18F-FDG were eligible for inclusion if they had received at least 1 dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The radiopharmaceutical administered and vaccine type were recorded for each patient. The incidence of positive vaccine-related axillary and supraclavicular LNs on PET/CT was our primary finding, along with the nodes characteristics. Statistical analyses were performed for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) to determine certain interaction factors that were associated with the detection of vaccine-related LNs. RESULTS Of the 226 patients in our cohort study, 120 patients underwent an 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT, 79 a 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, 6 an 18F-FDOPA PET/CT, and 21 a 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. A total of 67.3% of patients (152/226) received BNT162b2mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech), 26.5% (60/226) ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca), 4.9% (11/226) mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and 1.3% (3/226) Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen). The incidence of positive vaccine-related axillary and supraclavicular LNs was 42.5% (51/120 patients) on PET/CT using 18F-fluorocholine and 12.7% (10/79 patients) with 68Ga-PSMA-11. None of our patients undergoing 18F-FDOPA or 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT presented any vaccine-related lymphadenopathy. Vaccine-related LNs were statistically associated with the nature of the radiopharmaceutical (P < 10-4), with the number of vaccine doses received (P = 0.041), with a short delay between vaccination and PET/CT realization (P < 10-5), and with a higher prostate-specific antigen level for patients with PCa (P = 0.032), but not with age or vaccine type. The vaccine-related nodes appeared in 85% of the cases, in the 30 days after vaccine injection, were limited in size and uptake, and were most often limited to the axilla level 1 area. CONCLUSIONS Detecting positive LNs after COVID-19 vaccination is not an exclusive 18F-FDG PET/CT pattern but is common on 18F-fluorocholine and possible on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. Confronting PET/CT findings with clinical data (such as date and site of injection) seems essential in the current pandemic context, just as it does for the radiopharmaceuticals used in PCa to avoid PET/CT misinterpretation and incorrect patient treatment. For 18F-FDOPA or 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT, this seems to have a lesser impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludovic Ferrer
- From the ICO René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain
- CRCI2NA, UMR 1307 Inserm - UMR 6075 CNRS, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Rousseau
- From the ICO René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain
- CRCI2NA, UMR 1307 Inserm - UMR 6075 CNRS, Nantes, France
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25
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Watson GA, Sanz-Garcia E, Zhang WJ, Liu ZA, Yang SC, Wang B, Liu S, Kubli S, Berman H, Pfister T, Genta S, Spreafico A, Hansen AR, Bedard PL, Lheureux S, Abdul Razak A, Cescon D, Butler MO, Xu W, Mak TW, Siu LL, Chen E. Increase in serum choline levels predicts for improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced cancers receiving pembrolizumab. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004378. [PMID: 35705312 PMCID: PMC9204435 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated that T cells can induce vasodilation in a choline-acetyltransferase dependent manner, leading to an increase in T cell migration to infected tissues in response to viral infection, but its role in cancer is unclear. Choline acetyltransferase catalyzes the production of acetylcholine from choline and acetyl-CoA, however, acetylcholine is challenging to quantify due to its extremely short half-life while choline is stable. This study aims to correlate serum choline levels in patients with advanced solid tumors receiving pembrolizumab with treatment outcomes. Methods Blood samples were collected at baseline and at week 7 (pre-cycle 3) in patients treated with pembrolizumab in the INvestigator-initiated Phase 2 Study of Pembrolizumab Immunological Response Evaluation phase II trial (NCT02644369). Samples were analyzed for choline and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the association between choline and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) when including ΔctDNAC3 (the change in ctDNA from baseline to cycle 3), cohort, PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB). An independent validation cohort from the LIBERATE study (NCT03702309) included patients on early phase trials treated with a PD-1 inhibitor. Results A total of 106 pts were included in the analysis. With a median follow-up of 12.6 months, median PFS and OS were 1.9 and 13.7 months, respectively. An increase in serum choline level at week 7 compared with baseline (ΔcholineC3) in 81 pts was significantly associated with a better PFS (aHR 0.48, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.83, p=0.009), and a trend toward a better OS (aHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.12, p=0.119). A combination of ΔctDNAC3 and ΔcholineC3 was prognostic for both OS and PFS. Multivariable analyses show ΔcholineC3 was a prognostic factor for PFS independent of ΔctDNAC3, cohort, PD-L1 and TMB. In the independent validation cohort (n=51), an increase in serum choline at cycle 2 was associated with a trend to improved PFS. Conclusions This is the first exploratory report of serum choline levels in pan-cancer patients receiving pembrolizumab. The association between improved PFS and ΔcholineC3 suggests a possible role for the cholinergic system in the regulation of antitumor immunity. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to validate this finding. Trial registration number NCT03702309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Alan Watson
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enrique Sanz-Garcia
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wen-Jiang Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhihui Amy Liu
- Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sy Cindy Yang
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben Wang
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Kubli
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hal Berman
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Pfister
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Genta
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe L Bedard
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albiruni Abdul Razak
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dave Cescon
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Liao J, Gheissari R, Thomas DC, Gilliland FD, Lurmann F, Islam KT, Chen Z. Transcriptomic and metabolomic associations with exposures to air pollutants among young adults with childhood asthma history. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118903. [PMID: 35091019 PMCID: PMC8925195 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollutants are well-known risk factors for childhood asthma and asthma exacerbation. It is unknown whether different air pollutants individually or jointly affect pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma. In this study, we aim to integrate transcriptome and untargeted metabolome to identify dysregulated genetic and metabolic pathways that are associated with exposures to a mixture of ambient and traffic-related air pollutants among adults with asthma history. In this cross-sectional study, 102 young adults with childhood asthma history were enrolled from southern California in 2012. Whole blood transcriptome was measured with 20,869 expression signatures, and serum untargeted metabolomics including 937 metabolites were analyzed by Metabolon, Inc. Participants' exposures to regional air pollutants (NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5) and near-roadway air pollutants averaged at one month and one year before study visit were estimated based on residential addresses. xMWAS network analysis and joint-pathway analysis were performed to identify subnetworks and genetic and metabolic pathways that were associated with exposure to air pollutants adjusted for socio-characteristic covariates. Network analysis found that exposures to air pollutants mixture were connected to 357 gene markers and 92 metabolites. One-year and one-month averaged PM2.5 and NO2 were associated with several amino acids related to serine, glycine, and beta-alanine metabolism. Lower serum levels of carnosine and aspartate, which are involved in the beta-alanine metabolic pathway, as well as choline were also associated with worse asthma control (p < 0.05). One-year and one-month averaged PM10 and one-month averaged O3 were associated with higher gene expression levels of HSPA5, LGMN, CTSL and HLA-DPB1, which are involved in antigen processing and presentation. These results indicate that exposures to various air pollutants are associated with altered genetic and metabolic pathways that affect anti-oxidative capacity and immune response and can potentially contribute to asthma-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Liao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roya Gheissari
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Khandaker Talat Islam
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Multi-Omic Profiling of Macrophages Treated with Phospholipids Containing Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Reveals Complex Immunomodulatory Adaptations at Protein, Lipid and Metabolic Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042139. [PMID: 35216253 PMCID: PMC8879791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids have strong immunomodulatory properties, altering several functions of macrophages. In the present work, we sought to provide a multi-omic approach combining the analysis of the lipidome, the proteome, and the metabolome of RAW 264.7 macrophages supplemented with phospholipids containing omega-3 (PC 18:0/22:6; ω3-PC) or omega-6 (PC 18:0/20:4; ω6-PC) fatty acids, alone and in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Supplementation of macrophages with ω3 and ω6 phospholipids plus LPS produced a significant reprogramming of the proteome of macrophages and amplified the immune response; it also promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins (e.g., pleckstrin). Supplementation with the ω3-PC and ω6-PC induced significant changes in the lipidome, with a marked increase in lipid species linked to the inflammatory response, attributed to several pro-inflammatory signalling pathways (e.g., LPCs) but also to the pro-resolving effect of inflammation (e.g., PIs). Finally, the metabolomic analysis demonstrated that supplementation with ω3-PC and ω6-PC induced the expression of several metabolites with a pronounced inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effect (e.g., succinate). Overall, our data show that supplementation of macrophages with ω3-PC and ω6-PC effectively modulates the lipidome, proteome, and metabolome of these immune cells, affecting several metabolic pathways involved in the immune response that are triggered by inflammation.
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Zhang S, Hu L, Han C, Huang R, Ooi K, Qian X, Ren X, Chu D, Zhang H, Du D, Xia C. PLIN2 Mediates Neuroinflammation and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress via Downregulating Phosphatidylethanolamine in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Stressed Hypertensive Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6331-6348. [PMID: 34880641 PMCID: PMC8646230 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s329230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation and their intimate interactions mediate sympathetic overactivation in hypertension. An immoderate inflammatory response is characterized not only by elevated proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) but by increases in mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO). Recent data pinpoint that both the phospholipid and lipid droplets (LDs) are potent modulators of microglia physiology. Methods Stress rats underwent compound stressors for 15 days with PLIN2-siRNA or scrambled-siRNA (SC-siRNA) administrated into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Lipids were analyzed by mass spectroscopy-based quantitative lipidomics. The phenotypes and proliferation of microglia, LDs, in the RVLM of rats were detected; blood pressure (BP) and myocardial injury in rats were evaluated. The anti-oxidative/nitrosative stress effect of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was explored in cultured primary microglia. Results Lipidomics analysis showed that 75 individual lipids in RVLM were significantly dysregulated by stress [PE was the most one], demonstrating that lipid composition changed with stress. In vitro, prorenin stress induced the accumulation of LDs, increased PICs, which could be blocked by siRNA-PLIN2 in microglia. PLIN2 knockdown upregulated the PE synthesis in microglia. Anti-oxidative/nitrosative stress effect of PE delivery was confirmed by the decrease of ROS and decrease in 3-NT and MDA in prorenin-treated microglia. PLIN2 knockdown in the RVLM blocked the number of iNOS+ and PCNA+ microglia, decreased BP, alleviated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in stressed rats. Conclusion PLIN2 mediates microglial polarization/proliferation via downregulating PE in the RVLM of stressed rats. Delivery of PE is a promising strategy for combating neuroinflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress in stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhui Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kokwin Ooi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Ren
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechang Chu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshu Du
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Wu Y, Li Q, Liu J, Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhang R, Yu Y, Wang Y, Yang C. Integrating Serum Metabolome and Gut Microbiome to Evaluate the Benefits of Lauric Acid on Lipopolysaccharide- Challenged Broilers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:759323. [PMID: 34721434 PMCID: PMC8554146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.759323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lauric acid (LA) is a crucial medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) that has many beneficial effects on humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LA on the intestinal barrier, immune functions, serum metabolism, and gut microbiota of broilers under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into four groups, and fed with a basal diet, or a basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg antibiotic (ANT), or a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg LA. After 42 days of feeding, three groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mg/kg Escherichia coli- derived LPS (LPS, ANT+LPS and LA+LPS groups) for three consecutive days, and the control (CON) group was injected with the same volume of saline. Then, the birds were sacrificed. Results showed that LA pretreatment significantly alleviated the weight loss and intestinal mucosal injuries caused by LPS challenge. LA enhanced immune functions and inhibited inflammatory responses by upregulating the concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgY), decreasing IL-6 and increasing IL-4 and IL-10. Metabolomics analysis revealed a significant difference of serum metabolites by LA pretreatment. Twenty-seven serum metabolic biomarkers were identified and mostly belong to lipids. LA also markedly modulated the pathway for sphingolipid metabolism, suggesting its ability to regulate lipid metabolism. Moreover,16S rRNA analysis showed that LA inhibited LPS-induced gut dysbiosis by altering cecal microbial composition (reducing Escherichia-Shigella, Barnesiella and Alistipes, and increasing Lactobacillus and Bacteroides), and modulating the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Pearson’s correlation assays showed that alterations in serum metabolism and gut microbiota were strongly correlated to the immune factors; there were also strong correlations between serum metabolites and microbiota composition. The results highlight the potential of LA as a dietary supplement to combat bacterial LPS challenge in animal production and to promote food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Institute of Animal Health Products, Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Institute of Animal Health Products, Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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Baris E, Efe H, Gumustekin M, Arici MA, Tosun M. Varenicline Prevents LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response via Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:721533. [PMID: 34712695 PMCID: PMC8546203 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.721533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway plays an important role in controlling inflammation. This study investigated the effects of varenicline, an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist, on inflammatory cytokine levels, cell proliferation, and migration rates in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell lines. The cells were treated with increasing concentrations of varenicline, followed by LPS incubation for 24 h. Prior to receptor-mediated events, anti-inflammatory effects of varenicline on different cytokines and chemokines were investigated using a cytokine array. Nicotinic AChR-mediated effects of varenicline were investigated by using a non-selective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine hydrochloride and a selective α7nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine citrate. TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were determined by the ELISA test in cell media 24 h after LPS administration and compared with those of dexamethasone. The rates of cellular proliferation and migration were monitored for 24 h after drug treatment using a real-time cell analysis system. Varenicline decreased LPS-induced cytokines and chemokines including TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β via α7nAChRs to a similar level that observed with dexamethasone. Varenicline treatment decreased LPS-induced cell proliferation, without any nAChR involvement. On the other hand, the LPS-induced cell migration rate decreased with varenicline via α7nAChR. Our data suggest that varenicline inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating α7nAChRs within the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, reducing the cytokine levels and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Baris
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hande Efe
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Gumustekin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mualla Aylin Arici
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Metiner Tosun
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
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Beneficial Effects of Plant Extracts and Bioactive Food Components in Childhood Supplementation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093157. [PMID: 34579034 PMCID: PMC8464764 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of childhood nutrition has always roused a growing interest from the scientific community. Plant extracts and bioactive dietary components play a significant role in the maintenance of human health and wellness, with the potential to modulate risk factors and manage symptoms for a large number of common childhood disorders such as memory impairment, respiratory illnesses, gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic derangements, and pathologies related to the oral cavity. This review is designed to highlight the health benefits of botanical extracts and bioactive dietary components in children as evidenced by clinical trials, considering their safety with regards to childhood sensibilities. The supplementation of children with the herbal extracts or bioactive components mentioned in this review leads to the conclusion that they are useful for treating various ailments, with no serious adverse events being reported. However, for the limited number of investigations specifically focused on the safety of such products in children, time is needed to expand the literature data covering the safety of childhood supplementation with botanical extract and bioactive food components.
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Chen R, Chen L. Solute carrier transporters: emerging central players in tumour immunotherapy. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:186-201. [PMID: 34511324 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier transporters (SLCs) mediate nutrient and metabolite cellular homeostasis. Immune cells depend on SLCs to induce rapid and robust metabolic reprogramming, thereby controlling diverse immunological responses. Recent studies hint toward an important role of SLCs in immunity. Here, we review the emerging roles of SLCs in immunotherapy via modifying the metabolism and effector functions of immune cells. We focus on the roles of three major nutrient (glucose, amino acid, and lipid)-related transporters in immunity of representative cells [T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages) in innate and adaptive immunity. Other SLCs, such as ion transporters are also briefly discussed. Finally, we propose some potential strategies for targeting SLCs to augment tumour immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Evangelista L, De Pellegrin A, Girometti R, Cassarino G, Giacomuzzi F, Rensi M. An Incidental Pancreatic Finding at 18F-Choline PET/CT: Chronic Mass-Forming Pancreatitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081490. [PMID: 34441424 PMCID: PMC8393948 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a chronic mass-forming pancreatitis (CMFP) detected by 18F-choline (FCH) PET/CT in a male affected by prostate cancer. FCH PET/CT scan showed a focal uptake in the uncinate process of the pancreas, later diagnosed as a CMFP at biopsy. Although the physiological distribution of FCH in the pancreas, a careful interpretation of the images in this area is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evangelista
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro De Pellegrin
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Rossano Girometti
- Institute of Radiology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Academic Medical Centre, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Academic Medical Centre, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cassarino
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Francesco Giacomuzzi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy; (F.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Marco Rensi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy; (F.G.); (M.R.)
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Mei R, Farolfi A, Castellucci P, Nanni C, Zanoni L, Fanti S. PET/CT variants and pitfalls in prostate cancer: What you might see on PET and should never forget. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 51:621-632. [PMID: 34266631 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) gained an impressive role in the diagnostic management of many oncological diseases, even though its use in imaging prostate cancer (PC) is limited to selected cases, mostly advanced stage of PC and selection for prostate specific antigen membrane (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT). In the past years, several PET tracers have been developed for both staging and restaging PC. The three most employed PET molecules in daily practice are [11C] or [18F]F-Choline, [18F]F-Fluciclovine (Anti-1- amino-3-[18F]Fluorocyclobutane-1-Carboxylic Acid, also known as (Anti-[18F]FACBC), [68Ga]Ga-PSMA and recently FDA approved the first Fluorinated PSMA-based named [18F]F-DCFPyl. Each one has its own physiological and peculiarity which are worth exploring. Moreover, an increasing number of case reports and studies have reported tracers' variants, pitfalls, or even non-prostatic diseases (benign and malignant) incidentally detected. In prostate oncology, PET can be performed with several indications in different stages of disease, as highlighted in the EAU Guidelines on PC. A correct scan interpretation depends on the knowledge of both the physiological distribution of the tracers and the uptake of possible variants and pitfalls. The aim of this critical review is to provide a comprehensive knowledge of physiological distribution of these three tracers, as well as an updated overview of variants and pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mei
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Farolfi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Castellucci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Nanni
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Zanoni
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
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Mannes PZ, Tavakoli S. Imaging Immunometabolism in Atherosclerosis. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:896-902. [PMID: 33963045 PMCID: PMC8882876 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.245407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a growing recognition of the links between intracellular metabolism and immune cell activation, that is, immunometabolism, and its consequences in atherogenesis. However, most immunometabolic investigations have been conducted in cultured cells through pharmacologic or genetic manipulations of selected immunologic or metabolic pathways, limiting their extrapolation to the complex microenvironment of plaques. In vivo metabolic imaging is ideally situated to address this gap and to determine the clinical implications of immunometabolic alterations for diagnosis and management of patients. Indeed, 18F-FDG has been widely used in clinical studies with promising results for risk stratification of atherosclerosis and monitoring the response to therapeutic interventions, though the biologic basis of its uptake in plaques has been evolving. Herein, we describe recent advances in understanding of immunometabolism of atherosclerosis with an emphasis on macrophages, and we review promising metabolic imaging approaches using 18F-FDG and other PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Z Mannes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sina Tavakoli
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; .,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.,Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Frequency and Characteristics of Nodal and Deltoid FDG and 11C-Choline Uptake on PET Imaging Performed After COVID-19 Vaccination. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 217:1206-1216. [PMID: 34009000 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.21.25928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 vaccination may trigger reactive lymphadenopathy, confounding imaging interpretation. There has been limited systematic analysis of PET findings after COVID-19 vaccination. Objective: To evaluate the frequency and characteristics of abnormal FDG and 11C-choline uptake on PET imaging performed after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: This retrospective study included 67 patients (mean age 75.6±9.2 years; 43 men, 24 women) who underwent PET examination (PET/CT in 66, PET/MRI in 1; FDG in 54, 11C-choline in 13) between December 14th 2020 and March 10th 2021 following COVID-19 vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in 52, Moderna vaccine in 15) and who had undergone pre-vaccination PET without visible axillary node uptake. PET was performed a median of 13 and 10 days after vaccination in patients who had received one (n = 44) and two (n = 23) doses, respectively. Two nuclear medicine physicians independently reviewed images, blinded to injection laterality and days since vaccination. Lymph node or deltoid SUVmax greater than blood pool SUVmax was considered positive. Interreader agreement was assessed, and the more experienced physician's measurements were used for subsequent analysis. Results: Positive axillary lymph node uptake was observed in 10.4% (7/67) of patients [7.4% (4/54) of FDG examinations, 23.1% (3/13) of 11C-choline examinations]; four and three patients with positive axillary lymph nodes had received Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, respectively. Injection laterality was documented in five of seven patients with positive axillary lymph nodes and was ipsilateral to the positive node in all five patients. PET was performed within 24 days of vaccination in all patients with a positive node. One patient exhibited extra-axillary lymph node uptake (ipsilateral supraclavicular uptake on FDG PET). Ipsilateral deltoid uptake was present in 14.5% (8/55) of patients with documented injection laterality, including in 42.9% (3/7) of patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. Interreader agreement for SUV measurements ranged from intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.600 to 0.988. Conclusion: Increased axillary lymph node or ipsilateral deltoid uptake is occasionally observed on FDG or 11C-choline PET performed after Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccination. Clinical impact: Interpreting physicians should recognize characteristics of abnormal uptake on PET after COVID-19 vaccination to guide optimal follow-up management and reduce unnecessary biopsies.
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FATP4 inactivation in cultured macrophages attenuates M1- and ER stress-induced cytokine release via a metabolic shift towards triacylglycerides. Biochem J 2021; 478:1861-1877. [PMID: 33900381 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) belongs to a family of acyl-CoA synthetases which activate long-chain fatty acids into acyl-CoAs subsequently used in specific metabolic pathways. Patients with FATP4 mutations and Fatp4-null mice show thick desquamating skin and other complications, however, FATP4 role on macrophage functions has not been studied. We here determined whether the levels of macrophage glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids including ceramides, triacylglycerides, and cytokine release could be altered by FATP4 inactivation. Two in vitro experimental systems were studied: FATP4 knockdown in THP-1-derived macrophages undergoing M1 (LPS + IFNγ) or M2 (IL-4) activation and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from macrophage-specific Fatp4-knockout (Fatp4M-/-) mice undergoing tunicamycin (TM)-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. FATP4-deficient macrophages showed a metabolic shift towards triacylglycerides and were protected from M1- or TM-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular injury. Fatp4M-/- BMDMs showed specificity in attenuating TM-induced activation of inositol-requiring enzyme1α, but not other unfolded protein response pathways. Under basal conditions, FATP4/Fatp4 deficiency decreased the levels of ceramides and induced an up-regulation of mannose receptor CD206 expression. The deficiency led to an attenuation of IL-8 release in THP-1 cells as well as TNF-α and IL-12 release in BMDMs. Thus, FATP4 functions as an acyl-CoA synthetase in macrophages and its inactivation suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by shifting fatty acids towards the synthesis of specific lipids.
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Halder N, Lal G. Cholinergic System and Its Therapeutic Importance in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660342. [PMID: 33936095 PMCID: PMC8082108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant role in neuroimmune communication, transmitting information regarding the peripheral immune status to the central nervous system (CNS) and vice versa. The cholinergic system includes the neurotransmitter\ molecule, acetylcholine (ACh), cholinergic receptors (AChRs), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. These molecules are involved in regulating immune response and playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Most innate and adaptive immune cells respond to neuronal inputs by releasing or expressing these molecules on their surfaces. Dysregulation of this neuroimmune communication may lead to several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Several agonists, antagonists, and inhibitors have been developed to target the cholinergic system to control inflammation in different tissues. This review discusses how various molecules of the neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS) interact with the immune cells. What are the agonists and antagonists that alter the cholinergic system, and how are these molecules modulate inflammation and immunity. Understanding the various functions of pharmacological molecules could help in designing better strategies to control inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Halder
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
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Jing J, Sang XX, You SL, Zhu B, Cui YF, Li CY, Wang ZX, Zhao X, Liu XY, Tian M, Ren YB, Yu SM, Xiao XH, Wang JB, Niu M, Wang RL. Metabolomic profiles of breath odor compounds for prognostic prediction in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: A pilot study. Hepatol Res 2021; 51:490-502. [PMID: 33227168 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to use a metabonomics approach to identify potential biomarkers of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for predicting the prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). METHODS Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, EBC metabolites of ACLF patients surviving without liver transplantation (n = 57) and those with worse outcomes (n = 45), and controls (n = 15) were profiled from a specialized liver disease center in Beijing. The metabolites were used to identify candidate biomarkers, and the predicted performance of potential biomarkers was tested. RESULTS Forty-one metabolites, involving glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, as candidate biomarkers for discriminating the different outcomes of ACLF were selected. A prognostic model was constructed by a panel of four metabolites including phosphatidylinositol [20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/13:0], phosphatidyl ethanolamine (12:0/22:0), L-metanephrine and ethylbenzene, which could predict the worse prognosis in ACLF patients with sensitivity (84.4%) and specificity (89.5%) (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.859, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.787-0.931). Compared with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (AUC = 0.639, 95% CI = 0.526-0.753) and MELD-sodium (MELD-Na) score (AUC = 0.692, 95% CI = 0.582-0.803), EBC-associated metabolite signature model could better predict worse outcomes in patients with ACLF (p < 0.05). Using the MELD-Na score and EBC metabolite signatures, a decision tree model was built for predicting the prognosis of ACLF identified on logistic regression analyses (AUC = 0.906, 95% CI = 0.846-0.965). CONCLUSION EBC metabolic signatures show promise as potential biomarkers for predicting worse prognosis of ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Sang
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Li You
- Liver Failure Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Liver Failure Treatment and Research Center, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Fei Cui
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yu Li
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Liu
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Bo Ren
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Miao Yu
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Lin Wang
- Division of Integrative Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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Metabolomics Insights of the Immunomodulatory Activities of Phlorizin and Phloretin on Human THP-1 Macrophages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040787. [PMID: 33546377 PMCID: PMC7913540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrochalcones, phlorizin (PZ) and its aglycone phloretin (PT), have evidenced immunomodulatory effects through several mechanisms. However, the differential metabolic signatures that lead to these properties are largely unknown. Since macrophages play an important role in the immune response, our study aimed to characterise human THP-1 macrophages under PZ and PT exposure. A multiplatform-based untargeted metabolomics approach was used to reveal metabolites associated with the anti-inflammatory mechanisms triggered by the dihydrochalcones in LPS-stimulated macrophages, for the first time. Results showed differential phenotypic response in macrophages for all treatments. Dihydrochalcone treatment in LPS-stimulated macrophages mimics the response under normal conditions, suggesting inhibition of LPS response. Antagonistic effects of dihydrochalcones against LPS was mainly observed in glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism besides promoting amino acid biosynthesis. Moreover, PT showed greater metabolic activity than PZ. Overall, the findings of this study yielded knowledge about the mechanisms of action PZ and PT at metabolic level in modulating inflammatory response in human cells.
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Roland A, Drouet C, Boulahdour H, Cochet A, De Bari B. Unusual uptakes on 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT): a retrospective study of 368 prostate cancer patients referred for a biochemical recurrence or an initial staging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:172-182. [PMID: 33392020 DOI: 10.21037/qims-19-981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-choline PET/CT) is considered a cornerstone in the staging and restaging of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess unusual uptakes in patients who underwent a F-choline PET/CT for the initial staging or for the restaging of a relapsing PCa. Methods Three hundred and sixty-eight PCa patients were staged or restaged using F-choline PET/CT. Unusual uptakes were defined as uptakes occurring outside the usual paths of diffusion of PCa or as uptake in bone with a clear morphological evidence of nonmetastatic lesion. Results We found unusual uptakes in 47/368 patients (12.8%). Among them, 41/47 presented with benign F-choline uptake, usually within lymph nodes, due to inflammatory processes (22/47). Other benign processes were found in: thyroid (3/47), adrenal gland (3/47), brain (2/47), liver (1/47), bowel (3/47), frontal sinus (1/47), lungs (4/47), parotid gland (1/47) and bone (1/47). The six remaining patients presented with a second cancer, including lymphoma (1/47), non-small cell lung cancer (4/47) and neuroendocrine tumor (1/47). Conclusions unusual uptakes on F-choline PET/CT are quite frequent and should be explored since they may correspond to non-PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Roland
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Clément Drouet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France
| | - Hatem Boulahdour
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Cochet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France.,ImViA EA 7535, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Berardino De Bari
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
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Astudillo AM, Meana C, Bermúdez MA, Pérez-Encabo A, Balboa MA, Balsinde J. Release of Anti-Inflammatory Palmitoleic Acid and Its Positional Isomers by Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110480. [PMID: 33172033 PMCID: PMC7694668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Positional isomers of hexadecenoic acid are considered as fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. The best known of them, palmitoleic acid (cis-9-hexadecenoic acid, 16:1n-7), has been identified as a lipokine with important beneficial actions in metabolic diseases. Hypogeic acid (cis-7-hexadecenoic acid, 16:1n-9) has been regarded as a possible biomarker of foamy cell formation during atherosclerosis. Notwithstanding the importance of these isomers as possible regulators of inflammatory responses, very little is known about the regulation of their levels and distribution and mobilization among the different lipid pools within the cell. In this work, we describe that the bulk of hexadecenoic fatty acids found in mouse peritoneal macrophages is esterified in a unique phosphatidylcholine species, which contains palmitic acid at the sn-1 position, and hexadecenoic acid at the sn-2 position. This species markedly decreases when the macrophages are activated with inflammatory stimuli, in parallel with net mobilization of free hexadecenoic acid. Using pharmacological inhibitors and specific gene-silencing approaches, we demonstrate that hexadecenoic acids are selectively released by calcium-independent group VIA phospholipase A2 under activation conditions. While most of the released hexadecenoic acid accumulates in free fatty acid form, a significant part is also transferred to other phospholipids to form hexadecenoate-containing inositol phospholipids, which are known to possess growth-factor-like-properties, and are also used to form fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids, compounds with known anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Collectively, these data unveil new pathways and mechanisms for the utilization of palmitoleic acid and its isomers during inflammatory conditions, and raise the intriguing possibility that part of the anti-inflammatory activity of these fatty acids may be due to conversion to other lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma M. Astudillo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.M.A.); (C.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Meana
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.M.A.); (C.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Bermúdez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.M.A.); (C.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Pérez-Encabo
- Instituto CINQUIMA, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - María A. Balboa
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.M.A.); (C.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (A.M.A.); (C.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-983-423-062
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LeBlond ND, Ghorbani P, O'Dwyer C, Ambursley N, Nunes JRC, Smith TKT, Trzaskalski NA, Mulvihill EE, Viollet B, Foretz M, Fullerton MD. Myeloid deletion and therapeutic activation of AMPK do not alter atherosclerosis in male or female mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1697-1706. [PMID: 32978273 PMCID: PMC7707174 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of myeloid-derived cell metabolism can drive atherosclerosis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls various aspects of macrophage dynamics and lipid homeostasis, which are important during atherogenesis. Using LysM-Cre to drive the deletion of both the α1 and α2 catalytic subunits (MacKO), we aimed to clarify the role of myeloid-specific AMPK signaling in male and female mice made acutely atherosclerotic by injection of AAV vector encoding a gain-of-function mutant PCSK9 (PCSK9-AAV) and WD feeding. After 6 weeks of WD feeding, mice received a daily injection of either the AMPK activator A-769662 or a vehicle control for an additional 6 weeks. Following this (12 weeks total), we assessed myeloid cell populations and differences between genotype or sex were not observed. Similarly, aortic sinus plaque size, lipid staining, and necrotic area did not differ in male and female MacKO mice compared with their littermate floxed controls. Moreover, therapeutic intervention with A-769662 showed no treatment effect. There were also no observable differences in the amount of circulating total cholesterol or triglyceride, and only minor differences in the levels of inflammatory cytokines between groups. Finally, CD68+ area and markers of autophagy showed no effect of either lacking AMPK signaling or AMPK activation. Our data suggest that while defined roles for each catalytic AMPK subunit have been identified, complete deletion of myeloid AMPK signaling does not significantly impact atherosclerosis. Additionally, these findings suggest that intervention with the first-generation AMPK activator A-769662 is not able to stem the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D LeBlond
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peyman Ghorbani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conor O'Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nia Ambursley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia R C Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler K T Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha A Trzaskalski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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44
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Accidental diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia after 18F FDG PET/CT: a case series. Clin Transl Imaging 2020; 8:393-400. [PMID: 32989417 PMCID: PMC7512221 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this case series is to illustrate possible [18F]-FDG uptake patterns associated to COVID-19. Methods Retrospective assessment of all Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scans performed for any clinical / oncological reason from 1st April 2020 to 30th April 2020. Results of PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 were retrieved for all patients with lung consolidations and/or peripheral ground glass opacities characterized by increased metabolism to evaluate any possible association with the viral infection. Results Seven (4%) out of 172 FDG-PET scans were included. Six out of seven patients (85%) had positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, while one patient (15%) had possible (not PCR confirmed) COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusion Suspicious accidental COVID-19 findings in Nuclear Medicine Department need to be reported and appropriately evaluated to implement proper supportive treatment and infection control measures.
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Guo F, Qiu X, Zhu Y, Tan Z, Li Z, Ouyang D. Circulating choline is associated with coronary artery stenosis in patients with hypertension: A cross-sectional study of Chinese adults. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:2069-2076. [PMID: 32966687 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Choline is an important nutrient involved in multiple biosynthesis pathways. However, whether circulating choline levels are associated with the risk of hypertension (HTN) and artery stenosis in HTN remains unknown. We investigated the correlations of plasma choline with HTN and coronary artery injury and explored the utility of plasma choline as a diagnostic biomarker for HTN and artery stenosis. 193 HTN patients and 154 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (CON) were recruited in this study. Fasting plasma choline was detected using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Choline levels were significantly higher in HTN without artery stenosis (HTN-AS) than CON (8.07 [7.19-9.24] μM vs 7.03 [6.21-8.13] μM, P < .01) group and were further upregulated in HTN with artery stenosis (HTN + AS) (8.63 [7.09-10.59] μM, P < .01) group. Patients with multivessel disease (MVD) also exhibited higher choline levels than those with single vessel disease (SVD) (8.64 [7.16-10.55] μM vs 8.04(6.74-9.38) μM, P < .01). Increased choline levels were independently associated with the risk of HTN (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1-1.45, P = .05), HTN + AS (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09-1.48, P < .01), and MVD (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.31, P = .02) after adjustment for multiple risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that choline had an area under curve (AUC) score of 0.69, 0.67, and 0.63 in determining HTN, HTN + AS, and MVD. In conclusion, higher choline levels were associated with increased risk of HTN and artery stenosis in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Xueting Qiu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanting Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
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Yang A, Liu H, Liu F, Fan L, Liao W, Guo J, He K. Study of the Mechanism of the Reyanning Mixture Involved in Treating Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Based on Network Pharmacology. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20954593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread all over the world, and the best way to effectively carry out drug diagnosis and treatment presents difficulties for all medical staff. In China, some traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been successfully applied to the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and have achieved good clinical results, including the Reyanning mixture. In this study, we systematically analyzed the mechanism of the Reyanning mixture and its effects against SARS-CoV-2 based on the method of network pharmacology. Here, we used the TCM Systems Pharmacology database and employed a similarity algorithm to screen and identify the bioactive ingredients and potential targets of the Reyanning mixture. The GeneCards database was used to predict and screen the disease targets and build the active ingredient target network diagram. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to construct the target signal pathway associations. The STRING tool was used to reconstruct the protein-protein interaction network. As a result, 27 candidate targets, such as tumor necrosis factor, interferon gamma, tumor protein P53, C-reactive protein, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, were identified among the 33 bioactive ingredients of the 4 TCMs in the Reyanning mixture with effects on treating SARS-CoV-2. These targets were significantly enriched in 20 KEGG pathways and associated with 48 diverse GO terms. All of these targets may play a role in inhibiting inflammatory reactions, regulating immune function, and reducing lung injury to achieve the purpose of treating SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine University, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine University, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine University, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine University, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wanqin Liao
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine University, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Guo
- Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine University, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kan He
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, P. R. China
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Olivari L, Riccardi N, Rodari P, Angheben A, Artioli P, Salgarello M. COVID-19 pneumonia: increased choline uptake with 18F-choline PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2476-2477. [PMID: 32500168 PMCID: PMC7272208 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Olivari
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Via Don Angelo Sempreboni, 5- Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy.
| | - Niccolò Riccardi
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Rodari
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Angheben
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Artioli
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Salgarello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Via Don Angelo Sempreboni, 5- Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
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O’Dwyer C, Yaworski R, Katsumura S, Ghorbani P, Gobeil Odai K, Nunes JR, LeBlond ND, Sanjana S, Smith TT, Han S, Margison KD, Alain T, Morita M, Fullerton MD. Hepatic Choline Transport Is Inhibited During Fatty Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity and Obesity. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:876-889. [PMID: 32490323 PMCID: PMC7262319 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient and a critical component of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC), the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, while also contributing to the methylation pathway. In the liver specifically, PC is the major membrane constituent and can be synthesized by the cytidine diphosphate-choline or the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase pathway. With the continuing global rise in the rates of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we sought to explore how excess fatty acids on primary hepatocytes and diet-induced obesity affect choline uptake and metabolism. Our results demonstrate that hepatocytes chronically treated with palmitate, but not oleate or a mixture, had decreased choline uptake, which was associated with lower choline incorporation into PC and lower expression of choline transport proteins. Interestingly, a reduction in the rate of degradation spared PC levels in response to palmitate when compared with control. The effects of palmitate treatment were independent of endoplasmic reticulum stress, which counterintuitively augmented choline transport and transporter expression. In a model of obesity-induced hepatic steatosis, male mice fed a 60% high-fat diet for 10 weeks had significantly diminished hepatic choline uptake compared with lean mice fed a control diet. Although the transcript and protein expression of various choline metabolic enzymes fluctuated slightly, we observed reduced protein expression of choline transporter-like 1 (CTL1) in the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet. Polysome profile analyses revealed that in livers of obese mice, the CTL1 transcript, despite being more abundant, was translated to a lesser extent compared with lean controls. Finally, human liver cells demonstrated a similar response to palmitate treatment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the altered fatty acid milieu seen in obesity-induced fatty liver disease progression may adversely affect choline metabolism, potentially through CTL1, but that compensatory mechanisms work to maintain phospholipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor O’Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Rebecca Yaworski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Sakie Katsumura
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX
| | - Peyman Ghorbani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Kaelan Gobeil Odai
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Julia R.C. Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Nicholas D. LeBlond
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Sabrin Sanjana
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Tyler T.K. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Shauna Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Kaitlyn D. Margison
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
| | - Masahiro Morita
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX
- Institute of Resource Development and AnalysisKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Morgan D. Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Centre for InfectionImmunity and Inflammation and Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
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Carrola J, Bastos V, Daniel‐da‐Silva AL, Gil AM, Santos C, Oliveira H, Duarte IF. Macrophage Metabolomics Reveals Differential Metabolic Responses to Subtoxic Levels of Silver Nanoparticles and Ionic Silver. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carrola
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Verónica Bastos
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ana L. Daniel‐da‐Silva
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ana M. Gil
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Porto 4169‐007 Porto Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- CESAM & Department of Biology University of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Iola F. Duarte
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
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50
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Brown AL, Conrad K, Allende DS, Gromovsky AD, Zhang R, Neumann CK, Owens AP, Tranter M, Helsley RN. Dietary Choline Supplementation Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:775-783. [PMID: 31851339 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. Choline deficiency has been well studied in the context of liver disease; however, less is known about the effects of choline supplementation in HCC. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test whether choline supplementation could influence the progression of HCC in a high-fat-diet (HFD)-driven mouse model. METHODS Four-day-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with the chemical carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and were randomly assigned at weaning to a cohort fed an HFD (60% kcal fat) or an HFD with supplemental choline (60% kcal fat, 1.2% choline; HFD+C) for 30 wk. Blood was isolated at 15 and 30 wk to measure immune cells by flow cytometry, and glucose-tolerance tests were performed 2 wk prior to killing. Overall tumor burden was quantified, hepatic lipids were measured enzymatically, and phosphatidylcholine species were measured by targeted MS methods. Gene expression and mitochondrial DNA were quantified by quantitative PCR. RESULTS HFD+C mice exhibited a 50-90% increase in both circulating choline and betaine concentrations in the fed state (P ≤ 0.05). Choline supplementation resulted in a 55% decrease in total tumor numbers, a 67% decrease in tumor surface area, and a 50% decrease in hepatic steatosis after 30 wk of diet (P ≤ 0.05). Choline supplementation increased the abundance of mitochondria and the relative expression of β-oxidation genes by 21% and ∼75-100%, respectively, in the liver. HFD+C attenuated circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells at 15 wk of feeding (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Choline supplementation attenuated HFD-induced HCC and hepatic steatosis in male C57BL/6J mice. These results suggest a therapeutic benefit of choline supplementation in blunting HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey Conrad
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniela S Allende
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anthony D Gromovsky
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Renliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chase K Neumann
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Phillip Owens
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Tranter
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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