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Ryu U, Chien PN, Jang S, Trinh XT, Lee HS, Van Anh LT, Zhang XR, Giang NN, Van Long N, Nam SY, Heo CY, Choi KM. Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Framework Capable of Binding Proinflammatory Mediators in Hydrogel Form Promotes Wound Healing Process through a Multiscale Adsorption Mechanism. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301679. [PMID: 37931928 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of proinflammatory mediators has been explored to promote natural healing without abnormal inflammation or autoimmune response induced by their overproduction. However, most efforts to control these mediators have relied on pharmacological substances that are directly engaged in biological cycles. It is believed that functional porous materials removing target mediators provide a new way to promote the healing process using their adsorption mechanisms. In this study, the Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOF)-808 (Zr6 O4 (OH)4 (BTC)2 (HCOO)6 ) crystals are found to be effective at removing proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and in vivo, because of their porous structure and surface affinity. The MOF-808 crystals are applied to an in vivo skin wound model as a hydrogel dispersion. Hydrogel containing 0.2 wt% MOF-808 crystals shows significant improvement in terms of wound healing efficacy and quality over the corresponding control. It is also proven that the mode of action is to remove the proinflammatory mediators in vivo. Moreover, the application of MOF-808-containing hydrogels promotes cell activation, proliferation and inhibits chronic inflammation, leading to increased wound healing quality. These findings suggest that Zr-based MOFs may be a promising drug-free solution for skin problems related to proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- UnJin Ryu
- Industry Collaboration Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Ngoc Chien
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Institute of Advanced Materials & Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Tung Trinh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Shin Lee
- R&D Center, LabInCube Co. Ltd., Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Thi Van Anh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Rui Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngan Giang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Van Long
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Institute of Advanced Materials & Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
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2
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Peng YH, Hsiao SK, Gupta K, Ruland A, Auernhammer GK, Maitz MF, Boye S, Lattner J, Gerri C, Honigmann A, Werner C, Krieg E. Dynamic matrices with DNA-encoded viscoelasticity for cell and organoid culture. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1463-1473. [PMID: 37550574 PMCID: PMC10716043 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell and organoid cultures rely on the mechanical support of viscoelastic matrices. However, commonly used matrix materials lack control over key cell-instructive properties. Here we report on fully synthetic hydrogels based on DNA libraries that self-assemble with ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymers, forming a dynamic DNA-crosslinked matrix (DyNAtrix). DyNAtrix enables computationally predictable and systematic control over its viscoelasticity, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters by changing DNA sequence information. Adjustable heat activation allows homogeneous embedding of mammalian cells. Intriguingly, stress-relaxation times can be tuned over four orders of magnitude, recapitulating mechanical characteristics of living tissues. DyNAtrix is self-healing, printable, exhibits high stability, cyto- and haemocompatibility, and controllable degradation. DyNAtrix-based cultures of human mesenchymal stromal cells, pluripotent stem cells, canine kidney cysts and human trophoblast organoids show high viability, proliferation and morphogenesis. DyNAtrix thus represents a programmable and versatile precision matrix for advanced approaches to biomechanics, biophysics and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Peng
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Syuan-Ku Hsiao
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Krishna Gupta
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Ruland
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Polymer Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Lattner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alf Honigmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisha Krieg
- Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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3
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Lin W, Gandhi S, Bhattarai P, Kasa K, Kizil C, Zhang Y. Combining high throughput array synthesis and growth algorithm to discover TNF-α binders with new structures and properties. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115078. [PMID: 36623330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Identifying new chemical structures against protein targets of interest represents one of the major challenges in drug discovery. As the major experimental method, high throughput screenings are performed with existing chemical libraries, thus restricting its capability to explore high molecular diversity. Herein, we report the use of high throughput array synthesis technology, in combination with growth algorithm, to discover binders for proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. After 6 iterations of Library design - Array synthesis - Screening (i-LAS), one identified compound T17 has shown a kd value of 14.8 μM, and can rescue L929 cells from TNF-α mediated cytotoxicity. Further engineering T17 in various forms of oligomers have led to low nM binders. More interestingly, through tuning the multi-valent interaction with TNF-α, the high affinity oligomers can be switched from inhibitors to activators, leading to the hypothesis of an oligomerization-induced receptor activation mechanism. The i-LAS technology has allowed us to discover new binder structures, which can be further engineered into molecules with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Lin
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanil Gandhi
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 650 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Keida Kasa
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caghan Kizil
- Department of Neurology and The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 650 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Physics of Life", Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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Ammassam Veettil R, Marcano DC, Yuan X, Zaheer M, Adumbumkulath A, Lee R, Isenhart LC, Soriano N, Mhatre K, Joseph R, Mani SA, Shin CS, Acharya G. Dextran Sulfate Polymer Wafer Promotes Corneal Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101628. [PMID: 34683921 PMCID: PMC8539456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye injuries due to corneal abrasions, chemical spills, penetrating wounds, and microbial infections cause corneal scarring and opacification that result in impaired vision or blindness. However, presently available eye drop formulations of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs are not effective due to their rapid clearance from the ocular surface or due to drug-related side effects such as cataract formation or increased intraocular pressure. In this article, we presented the development of a dextran sulfate-based polymer wafer (DS-wafer) for the effective modulation of inflammation and fibrosis and demonstrated its efficacy in two corneal injury models: corneal abrasion mouse model and alkali induced ocular burn mouse model. The DS-wafers were fabricated by the electrospinning method. We assessed the efficacy of the DS-wafer by light microscopy, qPCR, confocal fluorescence imaging, and histopathological analysis. These studies demonstrated that the DS-wafer treatment is significantly effective in modulating corneal inflammation and fibrosis and inhibited corneal scarring and opacification compared to the unsulfated dextran-wafer treated and untreated corneas. Furthermore, these studies have demonstrated the efficacy of dextran sulfate as an anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic polymer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Ammassam Veettil
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.V.); (M.Z.); (A.A.); (R.L.); (N.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Daniela C. Marcano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.C.M.); (X.Y.); (L.C.I.)
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.C.M.); (X.Y.); (L.C.I.)
| | - Mahira Zaheer
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.V.); (M.Z.); (A.A.); (R.L.); (N.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Aparna Adumbumkulath
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.V.); (M.Z.); (A.A.); (R.L.); (N.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Richard Lee
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.V.); (M.Z.); (A.A.); (R.L.); (N.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Lucas C. Isenhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.C.M.); (X.Y.); (L.C.I.)
| | - Nicole Soriano
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.V.); (M.Z.); (A.A.); (R.L.); (N.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Kirti Mhatre
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.V.); (M.Z.); (A.A.); (R.L.); (N.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.J.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Sendurai A. Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.J.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Crystal S. Shin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.V.); (M.Z.); (A.A.); (R.L.); (N.S.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Ghanashyam Acharya
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.A.V.); (M.Z.); (A.A.); (R.L.); (N.S.); (K.M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.C.M.); (X.Y.); (L.C.I.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.S.); (G.A.)
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5
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Fang C, Li Y, Hu S, Wang H, Chen X, Zhu X. Self-Assembled Growing DNA Tree Mediated by Exosomes for Amplified Imaging of Messenger RNA in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8414-8422. [PMID: 34114453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive, accurate, and nondestructive probing of endogenous messenger RNA (mRNA) in living cells places extremely high demands on nanocarriers and probes and is still a challenge. In the present study, we describe a target-triggered self-assembled DNA tree for amplified analysis of mRNA in intact living cells. The probes assembled into a DNA tree are transported into cells by exosomes, which is beneficial for reducing cell damage and realizing nondestructive analysis. The probes are l-configured single-stranded DNAs (LDNAs) that can resist the degradation of exonuclease and endonuclease, thus laying the foundation for accurate analysis. Under the induction of the target mRNA, the probes in the cells assemble into a small plantlet and eventually grow into a tree after a few rounds of self-cycling, achieving the exponential amplification of fluorescence signals. Compared with the signal amplification based on one-dimensional DNA trunk self-assembly, the three-dimensional DNA tree shows an excellent sensitivity both ex situ and in situ. In this way, favorable sensitivity, accuracy, and nondestructive analysis are integrated into one system. This DNA tree expands the analysis platform for analyzing more biomarkers on a genetic level in an intracellular, nondestructive, and hypersensitive manner and holds great potential in clinical diagnostic and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.,Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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Shin CS, Cabrera FJ, Lee R, Kim J, Ammassam Veettil R, Zaheer M, Adumbumkulath A, Mhatre K, Ajayan PM, Curley SA, Scott BG, Acharya G. 3D-Bioprinted Inflammation Modulating Polymer Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Repair. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003778. [PMID: 33325594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of inflammation modulating polymer scaffolds for soft tissue repair with minimal postsurgical complications is a compelling clinical need. However, the current standard of care soft tissue repair meshes for hernia repair is highly inflammatory and initiates a dysregulated inflammatory process causing visceral adhesions and postsurgical complications. Herein, the development of an inflammation modulating biomaterial scaffold (bioscaffold) for soft tissue repair is presented. The bioscaffold design is based on the idea that, if the excess proinflammatory cytokines are sequestered from the site of injury by the surgical implantation of a bioscaffold, the inflammatory response can be modulated, and the visceral adhesion formations and postsurgical complications can be minimized. The bioscaffold is fabricated by 3D-bioprinting of an in situ phosphate crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer. In vivo efficacy of the bioscaffold is evaluated in a rat ventral hernia model. In vivo proinflammatory cytokine expression analysis and histopathological analysis of the tissues have confirmed that the bioscaffold acts as an inflammation trap and captures the proinflammatory cytokines secreted at the implant site and effectively modulates the local inflammation without the need for exogenous anti-inflammatory agents. The bioscaffold is very effective in inhibiting visceral adhesions formation and minimizing postsurgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal S Shin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fernando J Cabrera
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John Kim
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Remya Ammassam Veettil
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mahira Zaheer
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aparna Adumbumkulath
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kirti Mhatre
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Steven A Curley
- Oncology Institute, Christus Health Institute, 910 East Houston St., Suite 270, Tyler, TX, 75702, USA
| | - Bradford G Scott
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ghanashyam Acharya
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Gutiérrez-Flores J, Hernández-Lemus E, Cortés-Guzmán F, Ramos E. Do weak interactions affect the biological behavior of DNA? A DFT study of CpG island-like chains. J Mol Model 2020; 26:266. [PMID: 32918237 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The origin, stability, and contribution to the formation of noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and π - π stacking, have been already widely discussed. However, there are few discussions about the relevance of these weak interactions in DNA performance. In this work, we seek to shed light on the effect of hydrogen bonds and π - π stacking interactions on the biological behavior of DNA through the description of these intermolecular forces in CpG island-like (GC-rich) chains. Furthermore, we made some comparisons with TATA box-like (TA-rich) chains in order to describe hydrogen bond and π - π stacking interactions as a function of the DNA sequence. For hydrogen bonds, we found that there is not a significant effect related to the number of base pairs. Whereas for π - π stacking interactions, the energy tended to decrease as the number of base pairs increased. We observed anticooperative effects for both hydrogen bonds and π - π stacking interactions. These results are in contrast with those of TATA box-like chains since cooperative and additive effects were found for both hydrogen bonds and π - π stacking, respectively. Based on the chemical hardness and density of states, we can conclude that proteins may interact easier with GC-rich chains. We conclude that regardless of the chain length, a protein could interact more easily with these genomics regions because the π - π stacking energies did not increase as a function of the number of base pairs, making, for the first time, a first approximation of the influence of noncovalent interaction on DNA behavior. We did all this work by means of DFT framework included in the DMol3 code (M06-L/DNP). Graphical Abstract Cartoon representation of how nocovalent interactions affect the interaction of DNA with a protein, i.e., how hydrogen bond and π - π stacking interactions influence the biological behavior of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México
| | | | - Fernando Cortés-Guzmán
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Estrella Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México.
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