1
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Jongsma MLM, Bakker N, Voortman LM, Koning RI, Bos E, Akkermans JJLL, Janssen L, Neefjes J. Systems mapping of bidirectional endosomal transport through the crowded cell. Curr Biol 2024; 34:4476-4494.e11. [PMID: 39276769 PMCID: PMC11466077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Kinesin and dynein-dynactin motors move endosomes and other vesicles bidirectionally along microtubules, a process mainly studied under in vitro conditions. Here, we provide a physiological bidirectional transport model following color-coded, endogenously tagged transport-related proteins as they move through a crowded cellular environment. Late endosomes (LEs) surf bidirectionally on Protrudin-enriched endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane contact sites, while hopping and gliding along microtubules and bypassing cellular obstacles, such as mitochondria. During bidirectional transport, late endosomes do not switch between opposing Rab7 GTPase effectors, RILP and FYCO1, or their associated dynein and KIF5B motor proteins, respectively. In the endogenous setting, far fewer motors associate with endosomal membranes relative to effectors, implying coordination of transport with other aspects of endosome physiology through GTPase-regulated mechanisms. We find that directionality of transport is provided in part by various microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), including MID1, EB1, and CEP169, which recruit Lis1-activated dynein motors to microtubule plus ends for transport of early and late endosomal populations. At these microtubule plus ends, activated dynein motors encounter the dynactin subunit p150glued and become competent for endosomal capture and minus-end movement in collaboration with membrane-associated Rab7-RILP. We show that endosomes surf over the ER through the crowded cell and move bidirectionally under the control of MAPs for motor activation and through motor replacement and capture by endosomal anchors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke L M Jongsma
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Nina Bakker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lenard M Voortman
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roman I Koning
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jimmy J L L Akkermans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lennert Janssen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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Nagpal S, Swaminathan K, Beaudet D, Verdier M, Wang S, Berger CL, Berger F, Hendricks AG. Optogenetic control of kinesin-1, -2, -3 and dynein reveals their specific roles in vesicular transport. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114649. [PMID: 39159044 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Each cargo in a cell employs a unique set of motor proteins for its transport. To dissect the roles of each type of motor, we developed optogenetic inhibitors of endogenous kinesin-1, -2, -3 and dynein motors and examined their effect on the transport of early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes. While kinesin-1, -3, and dynein transport vesicles at all stages of endocytosis, kinesin-2 primarily drives late endosomes and lysosomes. Transient optogenetic inhibition of kinesin-1 or dynein causes both early and late endosomes to move more processively by relieving competition with opposing motors. Kinesin-2 and -3 support long-range transport, and optogenetic inhibition reduces the distances that their cargoes move. These results suggest that the directionality of transport is controlled through regulating kinesin-1 and dynein activity. On vesicles transported by several kinesin and dynein motors, modulating the activity of a single type of motor on the cargo is sufficient to direct motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Nagpal
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Beaudet
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Maud Verdier
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health, Episen, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Christopher L Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0075, USA
| | - Florian Berger
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adam G Hendricks
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada.
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3
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Seo D, Yue Y, Yamazaki S, Verhey KJ, Gammon DB. Poxvirus A51R Proteins Negatively Regulate Microtubule-Dependent Transport by Kinesin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7825. [PMID: 39063067 PMCID: PMC11277487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-dependent transport is a critical means of intracellular movement of cellular cargo by kinesin and dynein motors. MT-dependent transport is tightly regulated by cellular MT-associated proteins (MAPs) that directly bind to MTs and either promote or impede motor protein function. Viruses have been widely shown to usurp MT-dependent transport to facilitate their virion movement to sites of replication and/or for exit from the cell. However, it is unclear if viruses also negatively regulate MT-dependent transport. Using single-molecule motility and cellular transport assays, we show that the vaccinia virus (VV)-encoded MAP, A51R, inhibits kinesin-1-dependent transport along MTs in vitro and in cells. This inhibition is selective as the function of kinesin-3 is largely unaffected by VV A51R. Interestingly, we show that A51R promotes the perinuclear accumulation of cellular cargo transported by kinesin-1 such as lysosomes and mitochondria during infection. Moreover, A51R also regulates the release of specialized VV virions that exit the cell using kinesin-1-dependent movement. Using a fluorescently tagged rigor mutant of kinesin-1, we show that these motors accumulate on A51R-stabilized MTs, suggesting these stabilized MTs may form a "kinesin-1 sink" to regulate MT-dependent transport in the cell. Collectively, our findings uncover a new mechanism by which viruses regulate host cytoskeletal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahee Seo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience and Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kristen J. Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Don B. Gammon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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4
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Shen Y, Ori-McKenney KM. Microtubule-associated protein MAP7 promotes tubulin posttranslational modifications and cargo transport to enable osmotic adaptation. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1553-1570.e7. [PMID: 38574732 PMCID: PMC11187767 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cells remodel their cytoskeletal networks to adapt to their environment. Here, we analyze the mechanisms utilized by the cell to tailor its microtubule landscape in response to changes in osmolarity that alter macromolecular crowding. By integrating live-cell imaging, ex vivo enzymatic assays, and in vitro reconstitution, we probe the impact of cytoplasmic density on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and tubulin posttranslational modifications (PTMs). We find that human epithelial cells respond to fluctuations in cytoplasmic density by modulating microtubule acetylation, detyrosination, or MAP7 association without differentially affecting polyglutamylation, tyrosination, or MAP4 association. These MAP-PTM combinations alter intracellular cargo transport, enabling the cell to respond to osmotic challenges. We further dissect the molecular mechanisms governing tubulin PTM specification and find that MAP7 promotes acetylation and inhibits detyrosination. Our data identify MAP7 in modulating the tubulin code, resulting in microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling and alteration of intracellular transport as an integrated mechanism of cellular adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kassandra M Ori-McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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5
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Beaudet D, Berger CL, Hendricks AG. The types and numbers of kinesins and dyneins transporting endocytic cargoes modulate their motility and response to tau. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107323. [PMID: 38677516 PMCID: PMC11130734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Organelles and vesicular cargoes are transported by teams of kinesin and dynein motors along microtubules. We isolated endocytic organelles from cells at different stages of maturation and reconstituted their motility along microtubules in vitro. We asked how the sets of motors transporting a cargo determine its motility and response to the microtubule-associated protein tau. Here, we find that phagosomes move in both directions along microtubules, but the directional bias changes during maturation. Early phagosomes exhibit retrograde-biased transport while late phagosomes are directionally unbiased. Correspondingly, early and late phagosomes are bound by different numbers and combinations of kinesins-1, -2, -3, and dynein. Tau stabilizes microtubules and directs transport within neurons. While single-molecule studies show that tau differentially regulates the motility of kinesins and dynein in vitro, less is known about its role in modulating the trafficking of endogenous cargoes transported by their native teams of motors. Previous studies showed that tau preferentially inhibits kinesin motors, which biases late phagosome transport towards the microtubule minus-end. Here, we show that tau strongly inhibits long-range, dynein-mediated motility of early phagosomes. Tau reduces forces generated by teams of dynein motors on early phagosomes and accelerates dynein unbinding under load. Thus, cargoes differentially respond to tau, where dynein complexes on early phagosomes are more sensitive to tau inhibition than those on late phagosomes. Mathematical modeling further explains how small changes in the number of kinesins and dynein on cargoes impact the net directionality but also that cargoes with different sets of motors respond differently to tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Beaudet
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher L Berger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Adam G Hendricks
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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6
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Andreu-Carbó M, Egoldt C, Velluz MC, Aumeier C. Microtubule damage shapes the acetylation gradient. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2029. [PMID: 38448418 PMCID: PMC10918088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The properties of single microtubules within the microtubule network can be modulated through post-translational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation within the lumen of microtubules. To access the lumen, the enzymes could enter through the microtubule ends and at damage sites along the microtubule shaft. Here we show that the acetylation profile depends on damage sites, which can be caused by the motor protein kinesin-1. Indeed, the entry of the deacetylase HDAC6 into the microtubule lumen can be modulated by kinesin-1-induced damage sites. In contrast, activity of the microtubule acetylase αTAT1 is independent of kinesin-1-caused shaft damage. On a cellular level, our results show that microtubule acetylation distributes in an exponential gradient. This gradient results from tight regulation of microtubule (de)acetylation and scales with the size of the cells. The control of shaft damage represents a mechanism to regulate PTMs inside the microtubule by giving access to the lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelia Egoldt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Charlotte Aumeier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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7
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Adler A, Bangera M, Beugelink JW, Bahri S, van Ingen H, Moores CA, Baldus M. A structural and dynamic visualization of the interaction between MAP7 and microtubules. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1948. [PMID: 38431715 PMCID: PMC10908866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are key components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and are essential for intracellular organization, organelle trafficking and mitosis. MT tasks depend on binding and interactions with MT-associated proteins (MAPs). MT-associated protein 7 (MAP7) has the unusual ability of both MT binding and activating kinesin-1-mediated cargo transport along MTs. Additionally, the protein is reported to stabilize MTs with its 112 amino-acid long MT-binding domain (MTBD). Here we investigate the structural basis of the interaction of MAP7 MTBD with the MT lattice. Using a combination of solid and solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with electron microscopy, fluorescence anisotropy and isothermal titration calorimetry, we shed light on the binding mode of MAP7 to MTs at an atomic level. Our results show that a combination of interactions between MAP7 and MT lattice extending beyond a single tubulin dimer and including tubulin C-terminal tails contribute to formation of the MAP7-MT complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Adler
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mamata Bangera
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - J Wouter Beugelink
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Salima Bahri
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo van Ingen
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Lawrence EJ, Chatterjee S, Zanic M. More is different: Reconstituting complexity in microtubule regulation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105398. [PMID: 37898404 PMCID: PMC10694663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal filaments that undergo stochastic switching between phases of polymerization and depolymerization-a behavior known as dynamic instability. Many important cellular processes, including cell motility, chromosome segregation, and intracellular transport, require complex spatiotemporal regulation of microtubule dynamics. This coordinated regulation is achieved through the interactions of numerous microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) with microtubule ends and lattices. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of microtubule regulation, focusing on results arising from biochemical in vitro reconstitution approaches using purified multiprotein ensembles. We discuss how the combinatory effects of MAPs affect both the dynamics of individual microtubule ends, as well as the stability and turnover of the microtubule lattice. In addition, we highlight new results demonstrating the roles of protein condensates in microtubule regulation. Our overall intent is to showcase how lessons learned from reconstitution approaches help unravel the regulatory mechanisms at play in complex cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Lawrence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Saptarshi Chatterjee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marija Zanic
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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9
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D'Souza AI, Grover R, Monzon GA, Santen L, Diez S. Vesicles driven by dynein and kinesin exhibit directional reversals without regulators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7532. [PMID: 37985763 PMCID: PMC10662051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular vesicular transport along cytoskeletal filaments ensures targeted cargo delivery. Such transport is rarely unidirectional but rather bidirectional, with frequent directional reversals owing to the simultaneous presence of opposite-polarity motors. So far, it has been unclear whether such complex motility pattern results from the sole mechanical interplay between opposite-polarity motors or requires regulators. Here, we demonstrate that a minimal system, comprising purified Dynein-Dynactin-BICD2 (DDB) and kinesin-3 (KIF16B) attached to large unilamellar vesicles, faithfully reproduces in vivo cargo motility, including runs, pauses, and reversals. Remarkably, opposing motors do not affect vesicle velocity during runs. Our computational model reveals that the engagement of a small number of motors is pivotal for transitioning between runs and pauses. Taken together, our results suggest that motors bound to vesicular cargo transiently engage in a tug-of-war during pauses. Subsequently, stochastic motor attachment and detachment events can lead to directional reversals without the need for regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin I D'Souza
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rahul Grover
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gina A Monzon
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ludger Santen
- Center for Biophysics, Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Stefan Diez
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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10
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Tan Z, Yue Y, Leprevost F, Haynes S, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii AI, Verhey KJ, Cianfrocco MA. Autoinhibited kinesin-1 adopts a hierarchical folding pattern. eLife 2023; 12:RP86776. [PMID: 37910016 PMCID: PMC10619981 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional kinesin-1 is the primary anterograde motor in cells for transporting cellular cargo. While there is a consensus that the C-terminal tail of kinesin-1 inhibits motility, the molecular architecture of a full-length autoinhibited kinesin-1 remains unknown. Here, we combine crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), electron microscopy (EM), and AlphaFold structure prediction to determine the architecture of the full-length autoinhibited kinesin-1 homodimer (kinesin-1 heavy chain [KHC]) and kinesin-1 heterotetramer (KHC bound to kinesin light chain 1 [KLC1]). Our integrative analysis shows that kinesin-1 forms a compact, bent conformation through a break in coiled-coil 3. Moreover, our XL-MS analysis demonstrates that kinesin light chains stabilize the folded inhibited state rather than inducing a new structural state. Using our structural model, we show that disruption of multiple interactions between the motor, stalk, and tail domains is required to activate the full-length kinesin-1. Our work offers a conceptual framework for understanding how cargo adaptors and microtubule-associated proteins relieve autoinhibition to promote activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Tan
- Department of Biophysics, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Life Sciences Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Felipe Leprevost
- Department of Pathology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Sarah Haynes
- Department of Pathology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Michael A Cianfrocco
- Life Sciences Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
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11
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Tan Z, Yue Y, da Veiga Leprevost F, Haynes SE, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii AI, Verhey KJ, Cianfrocco MA. Autoinhibited kinesin-1 adopts a hierarchical folding pattern. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525761. [PMID: 36747757 PMCID: PMC9901034 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Conventional kinesin-1 is the primary anterograde motor in cells for transporting cellular cargo. While there is a consensus that the C-terminal tail of kinesin-1 inhibits motility, the molecular architecture of a full-length autoinhibited kinesin-1 remains unknown. Here, we combine cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS), electron microscopy (EM), and AlphaFold structure prediction to determine the architecture of the full-length autoinhibited kinesin-1 homodimer [kinesin-1 heavy chain (KHC)] and kinesin-1 heterotetramer [KHC bound to kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1)]. Our integrative analysis shows that kinesin-1 forms a compact, bent conformation through a break in coiled coil 3. Moreover, our XL-MS analysis demonstrates that kinesin light chains stabilize the folded inhibited state rather than inducing a new structural state. Using our structural model, we show that disruption of multiple interactions between the motor, stalk, and tail domains is required to activate the full-length kinesin-1. Our work offers a conceptual framework for understanding how cargo adaptors and microtubule-associated proteins relieve autoinhibition to promote activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Tan
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan
| | | | - Michael A. Cianfrocco
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan
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12
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Suber Y, Alam MNA, Nakos K, Bhakt P, Spiliotis ET. Microtubule-associated septin complexes modulate kinesin and dynein motility with differential specificities. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105084. [PMID: 37495111 PMCID: PMC10463263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-range membrane traffic is guided by microtubule-associated proteins and posttranslational modifications, which collectively comprise a traffic code. The regulatory principles of this code and how it orchestrates the motility of kinesin and dynein motors are largely unknown. Septins are a large family of GTP-binding proteins, which assemble into complexes that associate with microtubules. Using single-molecule in vitro motility assays, we tested how the microtubule-associated SEPT2/6/7, SEPT2/6/7/9, and SEPT5/7/11 complexes affect the motilities of the constitutively active kinesins KIF5C and KIF1A and the dynein-dynactin-bicaudal D (DDB) motor complex. We found that microtubule-associated SEPT2/6/7 is a potent inhibitor of DDB and KIF5C, preventing mainly their association with microtubules. SEPT2/6/7 also inhibits KIF1A by obstructing stepping along microtubules. On SEPT2/6/7/9-coated microtubules, KIF1A inhibition is dampened by SEPT9, which alone enhances KIF1A, showing that individual septin subunits determine the regulatory properties of septin complexes. Strikingly, SEPT5/7/11 differs from SEPT2/6/7, in permitting the motility of KIF1A and immobilizing DDB to the microtubule lattice. In hippocampal neurons, filamentous SEPT5 colocalizes with somatodendritic microtubules that underlie Golgi membranes and lack SEPT6. Depletion of SEPT5 disrupts Golgi morphology and polarization of Golgi ribbons into the shaft of somato-proximal dendrites, which is consistent with the tethering of DDB to microtubules by SEPT5/7/11. Collectively, these results suggest that microtubule-associated complexes have differential specificities in the regulation of the motility and positioning of microtubule motors. We posit that septins are an integral part of the microtubule-based code that spatially controls membrane traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Suber
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Md Noor A Alam
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Konstantinos Nakos
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priyanka Bhakt
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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13
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Shen Y, Ori-McKenney KM. Macromolecular Crowding Tailors the Microtubule Cytoskeleton Through Tubulin Modifications and Microtubule-Associated Proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544846. [PMID: 37398431 PMCID: PMC10312695 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cells remodel their cytoskeletal networks to adapt to their environment. Here, we analyze the mechanisms utilized by the cell to tailor its microtubule landscape in response to changes in osmolarity that alter macromolecular crowding. By integrating live cell imaging, ex vivo enzymatic assays, and in vitro reconstitution, we probe the impact of acute perturbations in cytoplasmic density on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and tubulin posttranslational modifications (PTMs), unraveling the molecular underpinnings of cellular adaptation via the microtubule cytoskeleton. We find that cells respond to fluctuations in cytoplasmic density by modulating microtubule acetylation, detyrosination, or MAP7 association, without differentially affecting polyglutamylation, tyrosination, or MAP4 association. These MAP-PTM combinations alter intracellular cargo transport, enabling the cell to respond to osmotic challenges. We further dissect the molecular mechanisms governing tubulin PTM specification, and find that MAP7 promotes acetylation by biasing the conformation of the microtubule lattice, and directly inhibits detyrosination. Acetylation and detyrosination can therefore be decoupled and utilized for distinct cellular purposes. Our data reveal that the MAP code dictates the tubulin code, resulting in remodeling of the microtubule cytoskeleton and alteration of intracellular transport as an integrated mechanism of cellular adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kassandra M Ori-McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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14
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Redpath GMI, Ananthanarayanan V. Endosomal sorting sorted - motors, adaptors and lessons from in vitro and cellular studies. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:292583. [PMID: 36861885 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor proteins are key players in exerting spatiotemporal control over the intracellular location of membrane-bound compartments, including endosomes containing cargo. In this Review, we focus on how motors and their cargo adaptors regulate positioning of cargoes from the earliest stages of endocytosis and through the two main intracellular itineraries: (1) degradation at the lysosome or (2) recycling back to the plasma membrane. In vitro and cellular (in vivo) studies on cargo transport thus far have typically focussed independently on either the motor proteins and adaptors, or membrane trafficking. Here, we will discuss recent studies to highlight what is known about the regulation of endosomal vesicle positioning and transport by motors and cargo adaptors. We also emphasise that in vitro and cellular studies are often performed at different scales, from single molecules to whole organelles, with the aim to provide a perspective on the unified principles of motor-driven cargo trafficking in living cells that can be learned from these differing scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M I Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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15
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Dullovi A, Ozgencil M, Rajvee V, Tse WY, Cutillas PR, Martin SA, Hořejší Z. Microtubule-associated proteins MAP7 and MAP7D1 promote DNA double-strand break repair in the G1 cell cycle phase. iScience 2023; 26:106107. [PMID: 36852271 PMCID: PMC9958362 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA-damage response is a complex signaling network that guards genomic integrity. The microtubule cytoskeleton is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks; however, little is known about which cytoskeleton-related proteins are involved in DNA repair and how. Using quantitative proteomics, we discovered that microtubule associated proteins MAP7 and MAP7D1 interact with several DNA repair proteins including DNA double-strand break repair proteins RAD50, BRCA1 and 53BP1. We observed that downregulation of MAP7 and MAP7D1 leads to increased phosphorylation of p53 after γ-irradiation. Moreover, we determined that the downregulation of MAP7D1 leads to a strong G1 arrest and that the downregulation of MAP7 and MAP7D1 in G1 arrested cells negatively affects DNA repair, recruitment of RAD50 to chromatin and localization of 53BP1 to the sites of damage. These findings describe for the first time a novel function of MAP7 and MAP7D1 in cell cycle regulation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlinda Dullovi
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Meryem Ozgencil
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Vinothini Rajvee
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Wai Yiu Tse
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pedro R. Cutillas
- Centre for Genomics & Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sarah A. Martin
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Zuzana Hořejší
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK,Corresponding author
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16
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Beaudet D, Hendricks AG. Reconstitution of Organelle Transport Along Microtubules In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2623:113-132. [PMID: 36602683 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2958-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe methods for reconstituting and analyzing the transport of isolated endogenous cargoes in vitro. Intracellular cargoes are transported along microtubules by teams of kinesin and dynein motors and their cargo-specific adaptor proteins. Observations from living cells show that organelles and vesicular cargoes exhibit diverse motility characteristics. Yet, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which intracellular transport is regulated is not well understood. Here, we describe step-by-step protocols for the extraction of phagosomes from cells at different stages of maturation, and reconstitution of their motility along microtubules in vitro. Quantitative immunofluorescence and photobleaching techniques are also described to measure the number of motors and adaptor proteins on these isolated cargoes. In addition, we describe techniques for tracking the motility of isolated cargoes along microtubules using TIRF microscopy and quantitative force measurements using an optical trap. These methods enable us to study how the sets of motors and adaptors that drive the transport of endogenous cargoes regulate their trafficking in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Beaudet
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adam G Hendricks
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Jongsma MLM, Bakker N, Neefjes J. Choreographing the motor-driven endosomal dance. J Cell Sci 2022; 136:282885. [PMID: 36382597 PMCID: PMC9845747 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal system orchestrates the transport of lipids, proteins and nutrients across the entire cell. Along their journey, endosomes mature, change shape via fusion and fission, and communicate with other organelles. This intriguing endosomal choreography, which includes bidirectional and stop-and-go motions, is coordinated by the microtubule-based motor proteins dynein and kinesin. These motors bridge various endosomal subtypes to the microtubule tracks thanks to their cargo-binding domain interacting with endosome-associated proteins, and their motor domain interacting with microtubules and associated proteins. Together, these interactions determine the mobility of different endosomal structures. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the factors regulating the different interactions to tune the fascinating dance of endosomes along microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke L. M. Jongsma
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Bakker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, ONCODE institute, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands,Author for correspondence ()
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18
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Munoz O, Klumpp S. Tug-of-War and Coordination in Bidirectional Transport by Molecular Motors. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7957-7965. [PMID: 36194780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many cargoes in cells are transported in a bidirectional fashion by molecular motors pulling into opposite directions along a cytoskeletal filament, e.g., by kinesins and dyneins along microtubules. How opposite-polarity motors are coordinated has been under debate for a long time, with experimental evidence supporting both a tug-of-war between the motors as well as biochemical coordination mechanisms. Here we propose a model that extends a tug-of-war model by a mechanism of motor activation and inactivation and show that this model can explain some observations that are incompatible with a simple tug-of-war scenario, specifically long unidirectional runs and a directional memory after unbinding from the filament. Both features are present in two variants of the model in which motors are activated and inactivated individually and in opposite-direction pairs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Munoz
- Institute for the Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Klumpp
- Institute for the Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Fernandez Bessone I, Navarro J, Martinez E, Karmirian K, Holubiec M, Alloatti M, Goto-Silva L, Arnaiz Yepez C, Martins-de-Souza D, Minardi Nascimento J, Bruno L, Saez TM, Rehen SK, Falzone TL. DYRK1A Regulates the Bidirectional Axonal Transport of APP in Human-Derived Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6344-6358. [PMID: 35803734 PMCID: PMC9398544 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2551-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyrk1a triplication in Down's syndrome and its overexpression in Alzheimer's disease suggest a role for increased DYRK1A activity in the abnormal metabolism of APP. Transport defects are early phenotypes in the progression of Alzheimer's disease, which lead to APP processing impairments. However, whether DYRK1A regulates the intracellular transport and delivery of APP in human neurons remains unknown. From a proteomic dataset of human cerebral organoids treated with harmine, a DYRK1A inhibitor, we found expression changes in protein clusters associated with the control of microtubule-based transport and in close interaction with the APP vesicle. Live imaging of APP axonal transport in human-derived neurons treated with harmine or overexpressing a dominant negative DYRK1A revealed a reduction in APP vesicle density and enhanced the stochastic behavior of retrograde vesicle transport. Moreover, harmine increased the fraction of slow segmental velocities and changed speed transitions supporting a DYRK1A-mediated effect in the exchange of active motor configuration. Contrarily, the overexpression of DYRK1A in human polarized neurons increased the axonal density of APP vesicles and enhanced the processivity of retrograde APP. In addition, increased DYRK1A activity induced faster retrograde segmental velocities together with significant changes in slow to fast anterograde and retrograde speed transitions, suggesting the facilitation of the active motor configuration. Our results highlight DYRK1A as a modulator of the axonal transport machinery driving APP intracellular distribution in neurons, and stress DYRK1A inhibition as a putative therapeutic intervention to restore APP axonal transport in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Axonal transport defects are early events in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying transport defects remain elusive. Dyrk1a kinase is triplicated in Down's syndrome and overexpressed in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that DYRK1A dysfunction affects molecular pathways leading to early-onset neurodegeneration. Here, we show by live imaging of human-derived neurons that DYRK1A activity differentially regulates the intracellular trafficking of APP. Further, single-particle analysis revealed DYRK1A as a modulator of axonal transport and the configuration of active motors within the APP vesicle. Our work highlights DYRK1A as a regulator of APP axonal transport and metabolism, supporting DYRK1A inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to restore intracellular dynamics in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Fernandez Bessone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Jordi Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Emanuel Martinez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Karina Karmirian
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 22281-100
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 21941-902
| | - Mariana Holubiec
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Matias Alloatti
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Livia Goto-Silva
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 22281-100
| | - Cayetana Arnaiz Yepez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 22281-100
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, University of Campinas Campinas, Brasil, SP, 13083-970
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores Em Neuropsiquiatria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brasil, SP, 13083-970
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brasil, SP, 13083-970
| | | | - Luciana Bruno
- Instituto de Cálculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina C1428EGA
| | - Trinidad M Saez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 22281-100
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, RJ, 21941-902
| | - Tomás L Falzone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1121ABG
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina C1425FQD
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20
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Ferro LS, Fang Q, Eshun-Wilson L, Fernandes J, Jack A, Farrell DP, Golcuk M, Huijben T, Costa K, Gur M, DiMaio F, Nogales E, Yildiz A. Structural and functional insight into regulation of kinesin-1 by microtubule-associated protein MAP7. Science 2022; 375:326-331. [PMID: 35050657 PMCID: PMC8985661 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-associated protein 7 (MAP7) is a required cofactor for kinesin-1-driven transport of intracellular cargoes. Using cryo-electron microscopy and single-molecule imaging, we investigated how MAP7 binds MTs and facilitates kinesin-1 motility. The MT-binding domain (MTBD) of MAP7 bound MTs as an extended α helix between the protofilament ridge and the site of lateral contact. Unexpectedly, the MTBD partially overlapped with the binding site of kinesin-1 and inhibited its motility. However, by tethering kinesin-1 to the MT, the projection domain of MAP7 prevented dissociation of the motor and facilitated its binding to available neighboring sites. The inhibitory effect of the MTBD dominated as MTs became saturated with MAP7. Our results reveal biphasic regulation of kinesin-1 by MAP7 in the context of their competitive binding to MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Ferro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Qianglin Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Lisa Eshun-Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Jack
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Daniel P Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mert Golcuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Teun Huijben
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Mert Gur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eva Nogales
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase MD, USA
| | - Ahmet Yildiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley CA, USA
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21
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Hu X, Dinu CZ. Microtubules and Quantum Dots Integration Leads to Conjugates with Applications in Biosensors and Bionanodevices. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2430:133-148. [PMID: 35476330 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1983-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes compiled methods for the formation and manipulation of microtubule-kinesin-carbon nanodots conjugates in user-defined synthetic environments. Specifically, by using inherited self-assembly and self-recognition properties of tubulin cytoskeletal protein and by interfacing this protein with lab synthesized carbon nanodots, bio-nano hybrid interfaces were formed. Further manipulation of such biohybrids under the mechanical cycle of kinesin 1 ATP-ase molecular motor led to their integration on user-controlled engineered surfaces. Presented methods are foreseen to lead to microtubule-molecular motor-hybrid based assemblies formation with applications ranging from biosensing, to nanoelectronics and single molecule printing, just to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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22
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Multiple layers of spatial regulation coordinate axonal cargo transport. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:241-246. [PMID: 34171618 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nerve axons are shaped similar to long electric wires to quickly transmit information from one end of the body to the other. To remain healthy and functional, axons depend on a wide range of cellular cargos to be transported from the neuronal cell body to its distal processes. Because of the extended distance, a sophisticated and well-organized trafficking network is required to move cargos up and down the axon. Besides motor proteins driving cargo transport, recent data revealed that subcellular membrane specializations, including the axon initial segment at the beginning of the axon and the membrane-associated periodic skeleton, which extends throughout the axonal length, are important spatial regulators of cargo traffic. In addition, tubulin modifications and microtubule-associated proteins present along the axonal cytoskeleton have been proposed to bias cargo movements. Here, we discuss the recent advances in understanding these multiple layers of regulatory mechanisms controlling axonal transport.
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23
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Wilson JO, Zaragoza AD, Xu J. Tuning ensemble-averaged cargo run length via fractional change in mean kinesin number. Phys Biol 2021; 18. [PMID: 33827070 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/abf5b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The number of motors carrying cargos in biological cells is not well-defined, instead varying from cargo to cargo about a statistical mean. Predictive understanding of motility in cells therefore requires quantitative insights into mixed ensembles of cargos. Toward this goal, here we employed Monte Carlo simulations to investigate statistical ensembles of cargos carried by a Poisson-distributed number of motors. Focusing on the key microtubule-based motor kinesin-1, our simulations utilized experimentally determined single-kinesin characteristics and alterations in kinesin's on- and off-rates caused by cellular factors and/or physical load. We found that a fractional increase in mean kinesin number enhances the ensemble-averaged cargo run length and amplifies run-length sensitivity to changes in single-kinesin on-rate and off-rate. These tuning effects can be further enhanced as solution viscosity increases over the range reported for cells. Together, our data indicate that the physiological range of kinesin number sensitively tunes the motility of mixed cargo populations. These effects have rich implications for quantitative and predictive understanding of cellular motility and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Wilson
- Physics, University of California, Merced, CA, United States of America
| | - Arturo D Zaragoza
- Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, United States of America
| | - Jing Xu
- Physics, University of California, Merced, CA, United States of America
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24
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Aiken J, Holzbaur ELF. Cytoskeletal regulation guides neuronal trafficking to effectively supply the synapse. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R633-R650. [PMID: 34033795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development and proper function of the brain requires the formation of highly complex neuronal circuitry. These circuits are shaped from synaptic connections between neurons and must be maintained over a lifetime. The formation and continued maintenance of synapses requires accurate trafficking of presynaptic and postsynaptic components along the axon and dendrite, respectively, necessitating deliberate and specialized delivery strategies to replenish essential synaptic components. Maintenance of synaptic transmission also requires readily accessible energy stores, produced in part by localized mitochondria, that are tightly regulated with activity level. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the cytoskeletal environment of axons and dendrites, examining how local regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and organelle trafficking promotes synapse-specific delivery and plasticity. These new insights shed light on the complex and coordinated role that cytoskeletal elements play in establishing and maintaining neuronal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Aiken
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Bovyn M, Janakaloti Narayanareddy BR, Gross S, Allard J. Diffusion of kinesin motors on cargo can enhance binding and run lengths during intracellular transport. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:984-994. [PMID: 33439674 PMCID: PMC8108528 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-10-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cargoes, including lipid droplets and mitochondria, are transported along microtubules using molecular motors such as kinesins. Many experimental and computational studies focused on cargoes with rigidly attached motors, in contrast to many biological cargoes that have lipid surfaces that may allow surface mobility of motors. We extend a mechanochemical three-dimensional computational model by adding coupled-viscosity effects to compare different motor arrangements and mobilities. We show that organizational changes can optimize for different objectives: Cargoes with clustered motors are transported efficiently but are slow to bind to microtubules, whereas those with motors dispersed rigidly on their surface bind microtubules quickly but are transported inefficiently. Finally, cargoes with freely diffusing motors have both fast binding and efficient transport, although less efficient than clustered motors. These results suggest that experimentally observed changes in motor organization may be a control point for transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bovyn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | | | - Steven Gross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jun Allard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Department of Mathematics, and
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
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26
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Ma Z, Jiang K, Wang D, Wang Z, Gu Z, Li G, Jiang R, Tian Y, Kang X, Li H, Liu X. Comparative analysis of hypothalamus transcriptome between laying hens with different egg-laying rates. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101110. [PMID: 34102485 PMCID: PMC8187251 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg-laying performance is one of the most important economic traits in the poultry industry. Commercial layers can lay one egg almost every day during their peak-laying period. However, many Chinese indigenous chicken breeds show a relatively low egg-laying rate, even during their peak-laying period. To understand what makes the difference in egg production, we compared the hypothalamus transcriptome profiles of Lushi blue-shelled-egg chickens (LBS), a Chinese indigenous breed with low egg-laying rate and Rhode Island Red chickens (RIR), a commercial layer with relatively high egg-laying rate using RNA-seq. A total of 753 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Of these DEGs, 38 genes were enriched in 2 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, namely reproduction term and the reproductive process term, and 6 KEGG pathways, namely Wnt signaling pathway, Oocyte meiosis, GnRH signaling pathway, Thyroid hormone signaling pathway, Thyroid hormone synthesis and MAPK signaling pathway, which have been long known to be involved in egg production regulation. To further determine the core genes from the 38 DEGs, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, co-expression network and transcriptional regulatory network analyses were carried out. After integrated analysis and experimental validation, 4 core genes including RAC1, MRE11A, MAP7 and SOX5 were identified as the potential core genes that are responsible for the laying-rate difference between the 2 breeds. These findings paved the way for future investigating the mechanism of egg-laying regulation and enriched the chicken reproductive regulation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Keren Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gu
- School of life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Guoxi Li
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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27
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Seifert A, Drechsler H, Japtok J, Korten T, Diez S, Hermann A. The ALS-Associated FUS (P525L) Variant Does Not Directly Interfere with Microtubule-Dependent Kinesin-1 Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2422. [PMID: 33670886 PMCID: PMC7957795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient intracellular transport is a common pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in the fused-in-sarcoma (FUS) gene are one of the most common genetic causes for familial ALS. Motor neurons carrying a mutation in the nuclear localization sequence of FUS (P525L) show impaired axonal transport of several organelles, suggesting that mislocalized cytoplasmic FUS might directly interfere with the transport machinery. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of FUS on kinesin-1 motility in vitro. Using a modified microtubule gliding motility assay on surfaces coated with kinesin-1 motor proteins, we showed that neither recombinant wildtype and P525L FUS variants nor lysates from isogenic ALS-patient-specific iPSC-derived spinal motor neurons expressing those FUS variants significantly affected gliding velocities. We hence conclude that during ALS pathogenesis the initial negative effect of FUS (P525L) on axonal transport is an indirect nature and requires additional factors or mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Seifert
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (J.J.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- B CUBE—Center for Molecular Bioengineering and Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Hauke Drechsler
- B CUBE—Center for Molecular Bioengineering and Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Julia Japtok
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Till Korten
- B CUBE—Center for Molecular Bioengineering and Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Stefan Diez
- B CUBE—Center for Molecular Bioengineering and Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (H.D.); (T.K.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (J.J.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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28
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Serra-Marques A, Martin M, Katrukha EA, Grigoriev I, Peeters CAE, Liu Q, Hooikaas PJ, Yao Y, Solianova V, Smal I, Pedersen LB, Meijering E, Kapitein LC, Akhmanova A. Concerted action of kinesins KIF5B and KIF13B promotes efficient secretory vesicle transport to microtubule plus ends. eLife 2020; 9:e61302. [PMID: 33174839 PMCID: PMC7710357 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular transport relies on multiple kinesins, but it is poorly understood which kinesins are present on particular cargos, what their contributions are and whether they act simultaneously on the same cargo. Here, we show that Rab6-positive secretory vesicles are transported from the Golgi apparatus to the cell periphery by kinesin-1 KIF5B and kinesin-3 KIF13B, which determine the location of secretion events. KIF5B plays a dominant role, whereas KIF13B helps Rab6 vesicles to reach freshly polymerized microtubule ends, to which KIF5B binds poorly, likely because its cofactors, MAP7-family proteins, are slow in populating these ends. Sub-pixel localization demonstrated that during microtubule plus-end directed transport, both kinesins localize to the vesicle front and can be engaged on the same vesicle. When vesicles reverse direction, KIF13B relocates to the middle of the vesicle, while KIF5B shifts to the back, suggesting that KIF5B but not KIF13B undergoes a tug-of-war with a minus-end directed motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serra-Marques
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Maud Martin
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Ilya Grigoriev
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Cathelijn AE Peeters
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Qingyang Liu
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Peter Jan Hooikaas
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Yao Yao
- Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Veronika Solianova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Ihor Smal
- Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Lotte B Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, the August Krogh Building, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Erik Meijering
- Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
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29
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Wang L, Yan M, Wong CKC, Ge R, Wu X, Sun F, Cheng CY. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in microtubule cytoskeletal dynamics and spermatogenesis. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:249-265. [PMID: 33174615 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton in Sertoli cells, a crucial cellular structure in the seminiferous epithelium of adult mammalian testes that supports spermatogenesis, was studied morphologically decades ago. However, its biology, in particular the involving regulatory biomolecules and the underlying mechanism(s) in modulating MT dynamics, are only beginning to be revealed in recent years. This lack of studies in delineating the biology of MT cytoskeletal dynamics undermines other studies in the field, in particular the plausible therapeutic treatment and management of male infertility and fertility since studies have shown that the MT cytoskeleton is one of the prime targets of toxicants. Interestingly, much of the information regarding the function of actin-, MT- and intermediate filament-based cytoskeletons come from studies using toxicant models including some genetic models. During the past several years, there have been some advances in studying the biology of MT cytoskeleton in the testis, and many of these studies were based on the use of pharmaceutical/toxicant models. In this review, we summarize the results of these findings, illustrating the importance of toxicant/pharmaceutical models in unravelling the biology of MT dynamics, in particular the role of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), a family of regulatory proteins that modulate MT dynamics but also actin- and intermediate filament-based cytoskeletons. We also provide a timely hypothetical model which can serve as a guide to design functional experiments to study how the MT cytoskeleton is regulated during spermatogenesis through the use of toxicants and/or pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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30
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Ganguly A, Zhu C, Chen W, Dixit R. FRA1 Kinesin Modulates the Lateral Stability of Cortical Microtubules through Cellulose Synthase-Microtubule Uncoupling Proteins. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2508-2524. [PMID: 32487563 PMCID: PMC7401024 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall assembly requires harmonized deposition of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides. Cortical microtubules orient the deposition of cellulose by guiding the trajectory of cellulose synthase complexes. Vesicles containing matrix polysaccharides are thought to be transported by the FRAGILE FIBER1 (FRA1) kinesin to facilitate their secretion along cortical microtubules. The cortical microtubule cytoskeleton thus may provide a platform to coordinate the delivery of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that the tail region of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) FRA1 kinesin physically interacts with cellulose synthase-microtubule uncoupling (CMU) proteins that are important for the microtubule-dependent guidance of cellulose synthase complexes. Interaction with CMUs did not affect microtubule binding or motility of the FRA1 kinesin but differentially affected the protein levels and microtubule localization of CMU1 and CMU2, thus regulating the lateral stability of cortical microtubules. Phosphorylation of the FRA1 tail region inhibited binding to CMUs and consequently reversed the extent of cortical microtubule decoration by CMU1 and CMU2. Genetic experiments demonstrated the significance of this interaction to the growth and reproduction of Arabidopsis plants. We propose that modulation of CMU protein levels and microtubule localization by FRA1 provides a mechanism that stabilizes the sites of deposition of both cellulose and matrix polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Ganguly
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Chuanmei Zhu
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Weizu Chen
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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31
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Mitochondria-adaptor TRAK1 promotes kinesin-1 driven transport in crowded environments. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3123. [PMID: 32561740 PMCID: PMC7305210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking of organelles, driven by kinesin-1 stepping along microtubules, underpins essential cellular processes. In absence of other proteins on the microtubule surface, kinesin-1 performs micron-long runs. Under crowding conditions, however, kinesin-1 motility is drastically impeded. It is thus unclear how kinesin-1 acts as an efficient transporter in intracellular environments. Here, we demonstrate that TRAK1 (Milton), an adaptor protein essential for mitochondrial trafficking, activates kinesin-1 and increases robustness of kinesin-1 stepping on crowded microtubule surfaces. Interaction with TRAK1 i) facilitates kinesin-1 navigation around obstacles, ii) increases the probability of kinesin-1 passing through cohesive islands of tau and iii) increases the run length of kinesin-1 in cell lysate. We explain the enhanced motility by the observed direct interaction of TRAK1 with microtubules, providing an additional anchor for the kinesin-1-TRAK1 complex. Furthermore, TRAK1 enables mitochondrial transport in vitro. We propose adaptor-mediated tethering as a mechanism regulating kinesin-1 motility in various cellular environments. Intracellular trafficking of organelles is driven by kinesin-1 stepping along microtubules, but crowding conditions impede kinesin-1 motility. Here authors demonstrate that TRAK1, an adaptor protein essential for mitochondrial trafficking, activates kinesin-1 and increases robustness of kinesin-1 stepping on crowded microtubule surfaces.
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32
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Zhang R, Li L, Chen L, Suo Y, Fan J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Gao S, Wang Y. MAP7 interacts with RC3H1 and cooperatively regulate cell-cycle progression of cervical cancer cells via activating the NF-κB signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:56-63. [PMID: 32446391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ensconsin is encoded by the MAP7 gene and belongs to the microtubule-associated proteins. This study aimed to explore its functional roles and partners in cell-cycle progression in cervical cancer. Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas-Cervical & Endocervical Cancer (TCGA-CESC) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression project were used for bioinformatic analysis. SiHa cells were used for in-vitro and in-vivo analysis. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was conducted to explore the proteins interacted with MAP7. Results showed that MAP7 mRNA expression might serve as an independent biomarker of shorter survival. MAP7 overexpression elevated cyclin D1/cyclin B1 expression, facilitated cell-cycle progression and promoted SiHa cell growth in a xenograft tumor model. Co-IP experiments confirmed a novel interaction between MAP7 and RC3H1. Knockdown of either RC3H1 or MAP7 significantly attenuated cyclin D1/cyclin B1 upregulation, and cell-cycle progression induced by the other partner. MAP7 overexpression led to increased expression of P-IKK (Ser176/177) and P-p65 (Ser536). RC3H1 inhibition abrogated MAP7 induced upregulation of P-IKK and P-p65. Data in TCGA-CESC showed that MAP7 expression was positively correlated with its copy number segments, but was negatively correlated with the methylation level of three CpG sites within the gene locus. Demethylation treatment by 5-Aza-dC elevated both MAP7 mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, this study revealed a novel interaction between MAP7 and RC3H1 in cervical cancer cells, which cooperatively enhanced cyclin D1/cyclin B1 expression and facilitated cell-cycle progression. These effects were at least partly mediated by activated canonical IKK/NF-kB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuping Suo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Suyu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Shenxiang Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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33
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Radler MR, Suber A, Spiliotis ET. Spatial control of membrane traffic in neuronal dendrites. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 105:103492. [PMID: 32294508 PMCID: PMC7317674 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal dendrites are highly branched and specialized compartments with distinct structures and secretory organelles (e.g., spines, Golgi outposts), and a unique cytoskeletal organization that includes microtubules of mixed polarity. Dendritic membranes are enriched with proteins, which specialize in the formation and function of the post-synaptic membrane of the neuronal synapse. How these proteins partition preferentially in dendrites, and how they traffic in a manner that is spatiotemporally accurate and regulated by synaptic activity are long-standing questions of neuronal cell biology. Recent studies have shed new insights into the spatial control of dendritic membrane traffic, revealing new classes of proteins (e.g., septins) and cytoskeleton-based mechanisms with dendrite-specific functions. Here, we review these advances by revisiting the fundamental mechanisms that control membrane traffic at the levels of protein sorting and motor-driven transport on microtubules and actin filaments. Overall, dendrites possess unique mechanisms for the spatial control of membrane traffic, which might have specialized and co-evolved with their highly arborized morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Radler
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ayana Suber
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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34
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Abstract
The intracellular transport system in neurons is specialized to an extraordinary degree, enabling the delivery of critical cargo to sites in axons or dendrites that are far removed from the cell center. Vesicles formed in the cell body are actively transported by kinesin motors along axonal microtubules to presynaptic sites that can be located more than a meter away. Both growth factors and degradative vesicles carrying aged organelles or aggregated proteins take the opposite route, driven by dynein motors. Distance is not the only challenge; precise delivery of cargos to sites of need must also be accomplished. For example, localized delivery of presynaptic components to hundreds of thousands of "en passant" synapses distributed along the length of a single axon in some neuronal subtypes provides a layer of complexity that must be successfully navigated to maintain synaptic transmission. We review recent advances in the field of axonal transport, with a focus on conceptual developments, and highlight our growing quantitative understanding of neuronal trafficking and its role in maintaining the synaptic function that underlies higher cognitive processes such as learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Guedes-Dias
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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35
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Monroy BY, Tan TC, Oclaman JM, Han JS, Simó S, Niwa S, Nowakowski DW, McKenney RJ, Ori-McKenney KM. A Combinatorial MAP Code Dictates Polarized Microtubule Transport. Dev Cell 2020; 53:60-72.e4. [PMID: 32109385 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Many eukaryotic cells distribute their intracellular components asymmetrically through regulated active transport driven by molecular motors along microtubule tracks. While intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of motor activity exists, what governs the overall distribution of activated motor-cargo complexes within cells remains unclear. Here, we utilize in vitro reconstitution of purified motor proteins and non-enzymatic microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to demonstrate that MAPs exhibit distinct influences on the motility of the three main classes of transport motors: kinesin-1, kinesin-3, and cytoplasmic dynein. Further, we dissect how combinations of MAPs affect motors and unveil MAP9 as a positive modulator of kinesin-3 motility. From these data, we propose a general "MAP code" that has the capacity to strongly bias directed movement along microtubules and helps elucidate the intricate intracellular sorting observed in highly polarized cells such as neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Y Monroy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tracy C Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Janah May Oclaman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jisoo S Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | | | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kassandra M Ori-McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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36
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Smart motors and cargo steering drive kinesin-mediated selective transport. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 103:103464. [PMID: 31972342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are polarized cells, with dendrites and axons that require different complements of membrane proteins to fulfill their specialized functions. Membrane proteins are synthesized in the somatodendritic domain and delivered to their target membranes via long-range vesicle transport. Most anterograde vesicle transport is mediated by kinesin motors, but it is unclear how kinesins are targeted to axons or dendrites. Two main models have been proposed to explain kinesin selectivity. In the smart motor model, kinesin selectivity is conferred by a preference of the kinesin motor domain for specific subsets of microtubules. In the cargo steering model, kinesin selectivity is modulated by the vesicular cargo to which the motor is bound. We evaluate the evidence for both models and conclude that while the smart motor model may explain axonal selectivity, cargo steering is required for dendritic selectivity. Future work will determine the relative contributions of these models to polarized transport in living neurons.
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37
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Luo Y, Xiang S, Hooikaas PJ, van Bezouwen L, Jijumon AS, Janke C, Förster F, Akhmanova A, Baldus M. Direct observation of dynamic protein interactions involving human microtubules using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 31896752 PMCID: PMC6940360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are important components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Their structural organization is regulated by nucleotide binding and many microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). While cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography have provided detailed views of interactions between MAPs with the microtubule lattice, little is known about how MAPs and their intrinsically disordered regions interact with the dynamic microtubule surface. NMR carries the potential to directly probe such interactions but so far has been precluded by the low tubulin yield. We present a protocol to produce [13C, 15N]-labeled, functional microtubules (MTs) from human cells for solid-state NMR studies. This approach allowed us to demonstrate that MAPs can differently modulate the fast time-scale dynamics of C-terminal tubulin tails, suggesting distinct interaction modes. Our results pave the way for in-depth NMR studies of protein dynamics involved in MT assembly and their interactions with other cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhang Luo
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - ShengQi Xiang
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- MOE Key Lab for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Peter Jan Hooikaas
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van Bezouwen
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A S Jijumon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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