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Mortensen ACL, Berglund H, Segerström L, Walle M, Hofström C, Persson H, Nygren PÅ, Nilvebrant J, Frejd FY, Nestor M. Selection, characterization and in vivo evaluation of novel CD44v6-targeting antibodies for targeted molecular radiotherapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20648. [PMID: 38001360 PMCID: PMC10673843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular radiotherapy combines the advantages of systemic administration of highly specific antibodies or peptides and the localized potency of ionizing radiation. A potential target for molecular radiotherapy is the cell surface antigen CD44v6, which is overexpressed in numerous cancers, with limited expression in normal tissues. The aim of the present study was to generate and characterize a panel of human anti-CD44v6 antibodies and identify a suitable candidate for future use in molecular radiotherapy of CD44v6-expressing cancers. Binders were first isolated from large synthetic phage display libraries containing human scFv and Fab antibody fragments. The antibodies were extensively analyzed through in vitro investigations of binding kinetics, affinity, off-target binding, and cell binding. Lead candidates were further subjected to in vivo biodistribution studies in mice bearing anaplastic thyroid cancer xenografts that express high levels of CD44v6. Additionally, antigen-dependent tumor uptake of the lead candidate was verified in additional xenograft models with varying levels of target expression. Interestingly, although only small differences were observed among the top antibody candidates in vitro, significant differences in tumor uptake and retention were uncovered in in vivo experiments. A high-affinity anti-CD44v6 lead drug candidate was identified, mAb UU-40, which exhibited favorable target binding properties and in vivo distribution. In conclusion, a panel of human anti-CD44v6 antibodies was successfully generated and characterized in this study. Through comprehensive evaluation, mAb UU-40 was identified as a promising lead candidate for future molecular radiotherapy of CD44v6-expressing cancers due to its high affinity, excellent target binding properties, and desirable in vivo distribution characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C L Mortensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - H Berglund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Segerström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Walle
- Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Hofström
- Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Persson
- Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P-Å Nygren
- Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Nilvebrant
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Y Frejd
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Hueting D, Schriever K, Sun R, Vlachiotis S, Zuo F, Du L, Persson H, Hofström C, Ohlin M, Walldén K, Buggert M, Hammarström L, Marcotte H, Pan-Hammarström Q, Andréll J, Syrén PO. Design, structure and plasma binding of ancestral β-CoV scaffold antigens. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6527. [PMID: 37845250 PMCID: PMC10579346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the application of ancestral sequence reconstruction on coronavirus spike protein, resulting in stable and highly soluble ancestral scaffold antigens (AnSAs). The AnSAs interact with plasma of patients recovered from COVID-19 but do not bind to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Cryo-EM analysis of the AnSAs yield high resolution structures (2.6-2.8 Å) indicating a closed pre-fusion conformation in which all three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) are facing downwards. The structures reveal an intricate hydrogen-bonding network mediated by well-resolved loops, both within and across monomers, tethering the N-terminal domain and RBD together. We show that AnSA-5 can induce and boost a broad-spectrum immune response against the wild-type RBD as well as circulating variants of concern in an immune organoid model derived from tonsils. Finally, we highlight how AnSAs are potent scaffolds by replacing the ancestral RBD with the wild-type sequence, which restores ACE2 binding and increases the interaction with convalescent plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hueting
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen Schriever
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stelios Vlachiotis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fanglei Zuo
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Likun Du
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Camilla Hofström
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Walldén
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harold Marcotte
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juni Andréll
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per-Olof Syrén
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Sarén T, Saronio G, Marti Torrell P, Zhu X, Thelander J, Andersson Y, Hofström C, Nestor M, Dimberg A, Persson H, Ramachandran M, Yu D, Essand M. Complementarity-determining region clustering may cause CAR-T cell dysfunction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4732. [PMID: 37563127 PMCID: PMC10415375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is rapidly advancing as cancer treatment, however, designing an optimal CAR remains challenging. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is generally used as CAR targeting moiety, wherein the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) define its specificity. We report here that the CDR loops can cause CAR clustering, leading to antigen-independent tonic signalling and subsequent CAR-T cell dysfunction. We show via CARs incorporating scFvs with identical framework and varying CDR sequences that CARs may cluster on the T cell surface, which leads to antigen-independent CAR-T cell activation, characterized by increased cell size and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion. This results in CAR-T cell exhaustion, activation-induced cell death and reduced responsiveness to target-antigen-expressing tumour cells. CDR mutagenesis confirms that the CAR-clustering is mediated by CDR-loops. In summary, antigen-independent tonic signalling can be induced by CDR-mediated CAR clustering, which could not be predicted from the scFv sequences, but could be tested for by evaluating the activity of unstimulated CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sarén
- Uppsala University, Dept Immunology, Genetics, Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulia Saronio
- Uppsala University, Dept Immunology, Genetics, Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paula Marti Torrell
- Uppsala University, Dept Immunology, Genetics, Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xu Zhu
- Uppsala University, Dept Immunology, Genetics, Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefin Thelander
- Uppsala University, Dept Immunology, Genetics, Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yasmin Andersson
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Camilla Hofström
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Uppsala University, Dept Immunology, Genetics, Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Uppsala University, Dept Immunology, Genetics, Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- Uppsala University, Dept Immunology, Genetics, Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Di Yu
- Uppsala University, Dept Immunology, Genetics, Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Magnus Essand
- Uppsala University, Dept Immunology, Genetics, Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.
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4
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Cui H, Diedrich JK, Wu DC, Lim JJ, Nottingham RM, Moresco JJ, Yates JR, Blencowe BJ, Lambowitz AM, Schimmel P. Arg-tRNA synthetase links inflammatory metabolism to RNA splicing and nuclear trafficking via SRRM2. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:592-603. [PMID: 37059883 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Cells respond to perturbations such as inflammation by sensing changes in metabolite levels. Especially prominent is arginine, which has known connections to the inflammatory response. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, enzymes that catalyse the first step of protein synthesis, can also mediate cell signalling. Here we show that depletion of arginine during inflammation decreased levels of nuclear-localized arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS). Surprisingly, we found that nuclear ArgRS interacts and co-localizes with serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 2 (SRRM2), a spliceosomal and nuclear speckle protein, and that decreased levels of nuclear ArgRS correlated with changes in condensate-like nuclear trafficking of SRRM2 and splice-site usage in certain genes. These splice-site usage changes cumulated in the synthesis of different protein isoforms that altered cellular metabolism and peptide presentation to immune cells. Our findings uncover a mechanism whereby an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cognate to a key amino acid that is metabolically controlled during inflammation modulates the splicing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haissi Cui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wu
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Justin J Lim
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan M Nottingham
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - James J Moresco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan M Lambowitz
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology and Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Oncology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Paul Schimmel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Preger C, Notarnicola A, Hellström C, Wigren E, Fernandes-Cerqueira C, Kvarnström M, Wahren-Herlenius M, Idborg H, Lundberg IE, Persson H, Gräslund S, Jakobsson PJ. Autoantigenic properties of the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase family in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. J Autoimmun 2023; 134:102951. [PMID: 36470210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoantibodies are thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). However, up to 40% of IIM patients, even those with clinical manifestations of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD), test seronegative to known myositis-specific autoantibodies. We hypothesized the existence of new potential autoantigens among human cytoplasmic aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) in patients with IIM. METHODS Plasma samples from 217 patients with IIM according to 2017 EULAR/ACR criteria, including 50 patients with ASSD, 165 without, and two with unknown ASSD status were identified retrospectively, as well as age and gender-matched sera from 156 population controls, and 219 disease controls. Patients with previously documented ASSD had to test positive for at least one of the five most common anti-aaRS autoantibodies (anti-Jo1, -PL7, -PL12, -EJ, and -OJ) and present with one or more of the following clinical manifestations: interstitial lung disease, myositis, arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, fever, or mechanic's hands. Demographics, laboratory, and clinical data of the IIM cohort (ASSD and non-ASSD) were compared. Samples were screened using a multiplex bead array assay for presence of autoantibodies against a panel of 117 recombinant protein variants, representing 33 myositis-related proteins, including all nineteen cytoplasmic aaRS. Prospectively collected clinical data for the IIM cohort were retrieved and compared between groups within the IIM cohort and correlated with the results of the autoantibody screening. Principal component analysis was used to analyze clinical manifestations between ASSD, non-ASSD groups, and individuals with novel anti-aaRS autoantibodies. RESULTS We identified reactivity towards 16 aaRS in 72 of the 217 IIM patients. Twelve patients displayed reactivity against nine novel aaRS. The novel autoantibody specificities were detected in four previously seronegative patients for myositis-specific autoantibodies and eight with previously detected myositis-specific autoantibodies. IIM individuals with novel anti-aaRS autoantibodies (n = 12) all had signs of myositis, and they had either muscle weakness and/or muscle enzyme elevation, 2/12 had mechanic's hands, 3/12 had interstitial lung disease, and 2/12 had arthritis. The individuals with novel anti-aaRS and a pathological muscle biopsy all presented widespread up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I. The reactivities against novel aaRS could be confirmed in ELISA and western blot. Using the multiplex bead array assay, we could confirm previously known reactivities to four of the most common aaRS (Jo1, PL12, PL7, and EJ (n = 45)) and identified patients positive for anti-Zo, -KS, and -HA (n = 10) that were not previously tested. A low frequency of anti-aaRS autoantibodies was also detected in controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that most, if not all, cytoplasmic aaRS may become autoantigenic. Autoantibodies against new aaRS may be found in plasma of patients previously classified as seronegative with potential high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Preger
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonella Notarnicola
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Hellström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edvard Wigren
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marika Kvarnström
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Academic Specialist Center, Center for Rheumatology, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helena Idborg
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Gräslund
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Eltahir M, Laurén I, Lord M, Chourlia A, Dahllund L, Olsson A, Saleh A, Ytterberg AJ, Lindqvist A, Andersson O, Persson H, Mangsbo SM. An Adaptable Antibody‐Based Platform for Flexible Synthetic Peptide Delivery Built on Agonistic CD40 Antibodies. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eltahir
- Department of Pharmacy Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Husargatan 3 Box 580 751 24 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ida Laurén
- Department of Pharmacy Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Husargatan 3 Box 580 751 24 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Martin Lord
- Department of Pharmacy Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Husargatan 3 Box 580 751 24 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Aikaterini Chourlia
- Department of Pharmacy Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Husargatan 3 Box 580 751 24 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Leif Dahllund
- SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Science for Life Laboratory – Stockholm Tomtebodavägen 23A Solna 171 65 Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Tomtebodavägen 23A Solna 65 Sweden
| | - Anders Olsson
- SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Science for Life Laboratory – Stockholm Tomtebodavägen 23A Solna 171 65 Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Tomtebodavägen 23A Solna 65 Sweden
| | - Aljona Saleh
- Department of Pharmacy SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform Uppsala University Husargatan 3 Box 580 Uppsala 751 24 Sweden
| | - A. Jimmy Ytterberg
- Department of Pharmacy SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform Uppsala University Husargatan 3 Box 580 Uppsala 751 24 Sweden
| | - Annika Lindqvist
- Department of Pharmacy SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform Uppsala University Husargatan 3 Box 580 Uppsala 751 24 Sweden
| | - Oskar Andersson
- SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Science for Life Laboratory – Stockholm Tomtebodavägen 23A Solna 171 65 Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Tomtebodavägen 23A Solna 65 Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Science for Life Laboratory – Stockholm Tomtebodavägen 23A Solna 171 65 Sweden
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Tomtebodavägen 23A Solna 65 Sweden
| | - Sara M Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmacy Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University Husargatan 3 Box 580 751 24 Uppsala Sweden
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7
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Notarnicola A, Preger C, Lundström SL, Renard N, Wigren E, Van Gompel E, Galindo-Feria AS, Persson H, Fathi M, Grunewald J, Jakobsson PJ, Gräslund S, Lundberg IE, Fernandes-Cerqueira C. Longitudinal assessment of reactivity and affinity profile of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies to distinct HisRS domains and a splice variant in a cohort of patients with myositis and anti-synthetase syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:62. [PMID: 35236390 PMCID: PMC8889758 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To address the reactivity and affinity against histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase (HisRS) autoantigen of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies from serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies/anti-synthetase syndrome (IIM/ASSD). To investigate the associations between the reactivity profile and clinical data over time. Methods Samples and clinical data were obtained from (i) 25 anti-Jo1+ patients (19 sera with 16 longitudinal samples and 6 BALF/matching sera at diagnosis), (ii) 29 anti-Jo1− patients (25 sera and 4 BALF/matching sera at diagnosis), and (iii) 27 age/gender-matched healthy controls (24 sera and 3 BALF/matching sera). Reactivity towards HisRS full-length (HisRS-FL), three HisRS domains (WHEP, antigen binding domain (ABD), and catalytic domain (CD)), and the HisRS splice variant (SV) was tested. Anti-Jo1 IgG reactivity was evaluated by ELISA and western blot using IgG purified from serum by affinity chromatography. In paired serum-BALF, anti-Jo1 IgG and IgA reactivity was analyzed by ELISA. Autoantibody affinity was measured by surface plasmon resonance using IgG purified from sera. Correlations between autoantibody reactivity and clinical data were evaluated at diagnosis and longitudinally. Results Anti-Jo1 IgG from serum and BALF bound HisRS-FL, WHEP, and SV with high reactivity at the time of diagnosis and recognized both conformation-dependent and conformation-independent HisRS epitopes. Anti-HisRS-FL IgG displayed high affinity early in the disease. At the time of IIM/ASSD diagnosis, the highest autoantibody levels against HisRS-FL were found in patients ever developing interstitial lung disease (ILD) and arthritis, but with less skin involvement. Moreover, the reactivity of anti-WHEP IgG in BALF correlated with poor pulmonary function. Levels of autoantibodies against HisRS-FL, HisRS domains, and HisRS splice variant generally decreased over time. With some exceptions, longitudinal anti-HisRS-FL antibody levels changed in line with ILD activity. Conclusion High levels and high-affinity anti-Jo1 autoantibodies towards HisRS-FL were found early in disease in sera and BALF. In combination with the correlation of anti-HisRS-FL antibody levels with ILD and ILD activity in longitudinal samples as well as of anti-WHEP IgG in BALF with poor pulmonary function, this supports the previously raised hypothesis that the lung might have a role in the immune reaction in anti-Jo1-positive patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02745-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Notarnicola
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Charlotta Preger
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susanna L Lundström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuria Renard
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edvard Wigren
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eveline Van Gompel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angeles S Galindo-Feria
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery and Development, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maryam Fathi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, J7:30, Bioclinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, J7:30, Bioclinicum, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Gräslund
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cátia Fernandes-Cerqueira
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 64, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,4Dcell, 14 rue de la Beaune, 93100, Montreuil, France
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8
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Bahnan W, Wrighton S, Sundwall M, Bläckberg A, Larsson O, Höglund U, Khakzad H, Godzwon M, Walle M, Elder E, Strand AS, Happonen L, André O, Ahnlide JK, Hellmark T, Wendel-Hansen V, Wallin RP, Malmstöm J, Malmström L, Ohlin M, Rasmussen M, Nordenfelt P. Spike-Dependent Opsonization Indicates Both Dose-Dependent Inhibition of Phagocytosis and That Non-Neutralizing Antibodies Can Confer Protection to SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808932. [PMID: 35095897 PMCID: PMC8796240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spike-specific antibodies are central to effective COVID19 immunity. Research efforts have focused on antibodies that neutralize the ACE2-Spike interaction but not on non-neutralizing antibodies. Antibody-dependent phagocytosis is an immune mechanism enhanced by opsonization, where typically, more bound antibodies trigger a stronger phagocyte response. Here, we show that Spike-specific antibodies, dependent on concentration, can either enhance or reduce Spike-bead phagocytosis by monocytes independently of the antibody neutralization potential. Surprisingly, we find that both convalescent patient plasma and patient-derived monoclonal antibodies lead to maximum opsonization already at low levels of bound antibodies and is reduced as antibody binding to Spike protein increases. Moreover, we show that this Spike-dependent modulation of opsonization correlate with the outcome in an experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These results suggest that the levels of anti-Spike antibodies could influence monocyte-mediated immune functions and propose that non-neutralizing antibodies could confer protection to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mediating phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Bahnan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Wrighton
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Sundwall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Bläckberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Infectious Disease Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Hamed Khakzad
- Equipe Signalisation Calcique et Infections Microbiennes, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1282, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Maria Walle
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Söderlund Strand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Skane University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oscar André
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kumra Ahnlide
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hellmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Nephrology, Skane University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Johan Malmstöm
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Institute for Computational Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Infectious Disease Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Nordenfelt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Szykowska A, Chen Y, Smith TB, Preger C, Yang J, Qian D, Mukhopadhyay SM, Wigren E, Neame SJ, Gräslund S, Persson H, Atkinson PJ, Di Daniel E, Mead E, Wang J, Davis JB, Burgess-Brown NA, Bullock AN. Selection and structural characterization of anti-TREM2 scFvs that reduce levels of shed ectodomain. Structure 2021; 29:1241-1252.e5. [PMID: 34233201 PMCID: PMC8575122 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in TREM2, a receptor expressed by microglia in the brain, are associated with an increased risk of neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease. Numerous studies support a role for TREM2 in sensing damaging stimuli and triggering signaling cascades necessary for neuroprotection. Despite its significant role, ligands and regulators of TREM2 activation, and the mechanisms governing TREM2-dependent responses and its cleavage from the membrane, remain poorly characterized. Here, we present phage display generated antibody single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) to human TREM2 immunoglobulin-like domain. Co-crystal structures revealed the binding of two scFvs to an epitope on the TREM2 domain distal to the putative ligand-binding site. Enhanced functional activity was observed for oligomeric scFv species, which inhibited the production of soluble TREM2 in a HEK293 cell model. We hope that detailed characterization of their epitopes and properties will facilitate the use of these renewable binders as structural and functional biology tools for TREM2 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szykowska
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Yu Chen
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Thomas B Smith
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Charlotta Preger
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Viva Biotech Ltd., 334 Aidisheng Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongming Qian
- Viva Biotech Ltd., 334 Aidisheng Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shubhashish M Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Edvard Wigren
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Susanne Gräslund
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery and Development & School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Elena Di Daniel
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Emma Mead
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - John Wang
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - John B Davis
- Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Nicola A Burgess-Brown
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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10
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Yang J, Qi L, Chiang HC, Yuan B, Li R, Hu Y. BRCA1 Antibodies Matter. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3239-3254. [PMID: 34421362 PMCID: PMC8375228 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) encodes a tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancer patients. BRCA1 functions in multiple important cellular processes including DNA damage repair, cell cycle checkpoint activation, protein ubiquitination, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, as well as R-loop formation and apoptosis. A large number of BRCA1 antibodies have been generated and become commercially available over the past three decades, however, many commercial antibodies are poorly characterized and, when widely used, led to unreliable data. In search of reliable and specific BRCA1 antibodies (Abs), particularly antibodies recognizing mouse BRCA1, we performed a rigorous validation of a number of commercially available anti-BRCA1 antibodies, using proper controls in a panel of validation applications, including Western blot (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and immunofluorescence (IF). Furthermore, we assessed the specificity of these antibodies to detect mouse BRCA1 protein through the use of testis tissue and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Brca1+/+ and Brca1Δ11/Δ11 mice. We find that Ab1, D-9, 07-434 (for recognizing human BRCA1) and 287.17, 440621, BR-64 (for recognizing mouse BRCA1) are specific with high quality performance in the indicated assays. We share these results here with the goal of helping the community combat the common challenges associated with anti-BRCA1 antibody specificity and reproducibility and, hopefully, better understanding BRCA1 functions at cellular and tissue levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leilei Qi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Huai-Chin Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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