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Mao A, Zhang K, Kan H, Gao M, Wang Z, Zhou T, Shao J, He D. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Coronary Heterogeneity and Identifies CD133 +TRPV4 high Endothelial Subpopulation in Regulating Flow-Induced Vascular Tone in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:653-665. [PMID: 38269590 PMCID: PMC10880935 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis can determine the heterogeneity of cells between different tissues at a single-cell level. Coronary artery endothelial cells (ECs) are important to coronary blood flow. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of coronary artery ECs, and cellular identity responses to flow. Identifying endothelial subpopulations will contribute to the precise localization of vascular endothelial subpopulations, thus enabling the precision of vascular injury treatment. METHODS Here, we performed a single-cell RNA sequencing of 31 962 cells and functional assays of 3 branches of the coronary arteries (right coronary artery/circumflex left coronary artery/anterior descending left coronary artery) in wild-type mice. RESULTS We found a compendium of 7 distinct cell types in mouse coronary arteries, mainly ECs, granulocytes, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, myeloid cells, and fibroblast cells, and showed spatial heterogeneity between arterial branches. Furthermore, we revealed a subpopulation of coronary artery ECs, CD133+TRPV4high ECs. TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) in CD133+TRPV4high ECs is important for regulating vasodilation and coronary blood flow. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates the nature and range of coronary arterial cell diversity and highlights the importance of coronary CD133+TRPV4high ECs in regulating coronary vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Mao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
- School of Food Science and Technology (A.M., D.H.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Ka Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Hao Kan
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Mengru Gao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Dongxu He
- School of Food Science and Technology (A.M., D.H.), Jiangnan University, China
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2
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Pensado-López A, Ummarino A, Khan S, Guildford A, Allan IU, Santin M, Chevallier N, Varaillon E, Kon E, Allavena P, Torres Andón F. Synthetic peptides of IL-1Ra and HSP70 have anti-inflammatory activity on human primary monocytes and macrophages: Potential treatments for inflammatory diseases. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 55:102719. [PMID: 37977510 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are increasing in developed societies, thus new anti-inflammatory approaches are needed in the clinic. Synthetic peptides complexes can be designed to mimic the activity of anti-inflammatory mediators, in order to alleviate inflammation. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of tethered peptides mimicking the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and the heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). We tested their biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro in primary human monocytes and differentiated macrophages activated with two different stimuli: the TLR agonists (LPS + IFN-γ) or Pam3CSK4. Our results demonstrate that IL-1Ra and HSP70 synthetic peptides present a satisfactory biocompatible profile and significantly inhibit the secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNFα). We further confirmed their anti-inflammatory activity when peptides were coated on a biocompatible material commonly employed in surgical implants. Overall, our findings support the potential use of IL-1Ra and HSP70 synthetic peptides for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Pensado-López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Aldo Ummarino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sophia Khan
- Tissue Click Ltd, The Knoll Business Centre, Old Shoreham Rd, Hove, BN3 7GS, UK.
| | - Anna Guildford
- Tissue Click Ltd, The Knoll Business Centre, Old Shoreham Rd, Hove, BN3 7GS, UK.
| | - Iain U Allan
- Tissue Click Ltd, The Knoll Business Centre, Old Shoreham Rd, Hove, BN3 7GS, UK.
| | - Matteo Santin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building Lewes Road, Brighton BN 24GJ, UK.
| | - Nathalie Chevallier
- IMRB, U955, INSERM, Unite d'Ingenierie et de Therapie Cellulaire-Etablissement Français du Sang, Universite Paris-EST Créteil, 94017 Créteil, France.
| | - Elina Varaillon
- IMRB, U955, INSERM, Unite d'Ingenierie et de Therapie Cellulaire-Etablissement Français du Sang, Universite Paris-EST Créteil, 94017 Créteil, France.
| | - Elizaveta Kon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Allavena
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fernando Torres Andón
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Medical Oncology Unit, Complexo Hospitalario de A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain.
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3
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Vales S, Kryukova J, Chandra S, Smagurauskaite G, Payne M, Clark CJ, Hafner K, Mburu P, Denisov S, Davies G, Outeiral C, Deane CM, Morris GM, Bhattacharya S. Discovery and pharmacophoric characterization of chemokine network inhibitors using phage-display, saturation mutagenesis and computational modelling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5763. [PMID: 37717048 PMCID: PMC10505172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CC and CXC-chemokines are the primary drivers of chemotaxis in inflammation, but chemokine network redundancy thwarts pharmacological intervention. Tick evasins promiscuously bind CC and CXC-chemokines, overcoming redundancy. Here we show that short peptides that promiscuously bind both chemokine classes can be identified from evasins by phage-display screening performed with multiple chemokines in parallel. We identify two conserved motifs within these peptides and show using saturation-mutagenesis phage-display and chemotaxis studies of an exemplar peptide that an anionic patch in the first motif and hydrophobic, aromatic and cysteine residues in the second are functionally necessary. AlphaFold2-Multimer modelling suggests that the peptide occludes distinct receptor-binding regions in CC and in CXC-chemokines, with the first and second motifs contributing ionic and hydrophobic interactions respectively. Our results indicate that peptides with broad-spectrum anti-chemokine activity and therapeutic potential may be identified from evasins, and the pharmacophore characterised by phage display, saturation mutagenesis and computational modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Vales
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jhanna Kryukova
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Soumyanetra Chandra
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Gintare Smagurauskaite
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Megan Payne
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Charlie J Clark
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Katrin Hafner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Philomena Mburu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Stepan Denisov
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Graham Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Carlos Outeiral
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3LB, UK
| | - Charlotte M Deane
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3LB, UK
| | - Garrett M Morris
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 24-29 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3LB, UK
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics and RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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Blanchet X, Weber C, von Hundelshausen P. Chemokine Heteromers and Their Impact on Cellular Function-A Conceptual Framework. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10925. [PMID: 37446102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoattractant cytokines or chemokines are proteins involved in numerous biological activities. Their essential role consists of the formation of gradient and (immune) cell recruitment. Chemokine biology and its related signaling system is more complex than simple ligand-receptor interactions. Beside interactions with their cognate and/or atypical chemokine receptors, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), chemokines form complexes with themselves as homo-oligomers, heteromers and also with other soluble effector proteins, including the atypical chemokine MIF, carbohydrate-binding proteins (galectins), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or with chemokine-binding proteins such as evasins. Likewise, nucleic acids have been described as binding targets for the tetrameric form of CXCL4. The dynamic balance between monomeric and dimeric structures, as well as interactions with GAGs, modulate the concentrations of free chemokines available along with the nature of the gradient. Dimerization of chemokines changes the canonical monomeric fold into two main dimeric structures, namely CC- and CXC-type dimers. Recent studies highlighted that chemokine dimer formation is a frequent event that could occur under pathophysiological conditions. The structural changes dictated by chemokine dimerization confer additional biological activities, e.g., biased signaling. The present review will provide a short overview of the known functionality of chemokines together with the consequences of the interactions engaged by the chemokines with other proteins. Finally, we will present potential therapeutic tools targeting the chemokine multimeric structures that could modulate their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Blanchet
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80636 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80636 Munich, Germany
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5
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Patil PJ, Sutar SS, Usman M, Patil DN, Dhanavade MJ, Shehzad Q, Mehmood A, Shah H, Teng C, Zhang C, Li X. Exploring bioactive peptides as potential therapeutic and biotechnology treasures: A contemporary perspective. Life Sci 2022; 301:120637. [PMID: 35568229 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In preceding years, bioactive peptides (BAPs) have piqued escalating attention owing to their multitudinous biological features. To date, many potential BAPs exhibiting anti-cancer activities have been documented; yet, obstacles such as their safety profiles and consumer acceptance continue to exist. Moreover, BAPs have been discovered to facilitate the suppression of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (CoVID-19) and maybe ideal for treating the CoVID-19 infection, as stated by published experimental findings, but their widespread knowledge is scarce. Likewise, there is a cornucopia of BAPs possessing neuroprotective effects that mend neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) by regulating gut microbiota, but they remain a subject of research interest. Additionally, a plethora of researchers have attempted next-generation approaches based on BAPs, but they need scientific attention. The text format of this critical review is organized around an overview of BAPs' versatility and diverse bio functionalities with emphasis on recent developments and novelties. The review is alienated into independent sections, which are related to either BAPs based disease management strategies or next-generation BAPs based approaches. BAPs based anti-cancer, anti-CoVID-19, and neuroprotective strategies have been explored, which may offer insights that could help the researchers and industries to find an alternate regimen against the three aforementioned fatal diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that has systematically discussed the next-generation approaches in BAP research. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the BAPs may be optimal for the management of cancer, CoVID-19, and NDs; nevertheless, experimental and preclinical studies are crucial to validate their therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna J Patil
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shubham S Sutar
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Devashree N Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416004, India
| | - Maruti J Dhanavade
- Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth's Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidyalaya, Sangli, Maharashtra 416416, India
| | - Qayyum Shehzad
- National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Haroon Shah
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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6
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Bhattacharya S, Nuttall PA. Phylogenetic Analysis Indicates That Evasin-Like Proteins of Ixodid Ticks Fall Into Three Distinct Classes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:769542. [PMID: 34746035 PMCID: PMC8569228 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.769542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are structurally related proteins that activate leucocyte migration in response to injury or infection. Tick saliva contains chemokine-binding proteins or evasins which likely neutralize host chemokine function and inflammation. Biochemical characterisation of 50 evasins from Ixodes, Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus shows that they fall into two functional classes, A and B, with exclusive binding to either CC- or CXC- chemokines, respectively. Class A evasins, EVA1 and EVA4 have a four-disulfide-bonded core, whereas the class B evasin EVA3 has a three-disulfide-bonded “knottin” structure. All 29 class B evasins have six cysteine residues conserved with EVA3, arrangement of which defines a Cys6-motif. Nineteen of 21 class A evasins have eight cysteine residues conserved with EVA1/EVA4, the arrangement of which defines a Cys8-motif. Two class A evasins from Ixodes (IRI01, IHO01) have less than eight cysteines. Many evasin-like proteins have been identified in tick salivary transcriptomes, but their phylogenetic relationship with respect to biochemically characterized evasins is not clear. Here, using BLAST searches of tick transcriptomes with biochemically characterized evasins, we identify 292 class A and 157 class B evasins and evasin-like proteins from Prostriate (Ixodes), and Metastriate (Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus) ticks. Phylogenetic analysis shows that class A evasins/evasin-like proteins segregate into two classes, A1 and A2. Class A1 members are exclusive to Metastriate ticks and typically have a Cys8-motif and include EVA1 and EVA4. Class A2 members are exclusive to Prostriate ticks, lack the Cys8-motif, and include IHO01 and IRI01. Class B evasins/evasin-like proteins are present in both Prostriate and Metastriate lineages, typically have a Cys6-motif, and include EVA3. Most evasins/evasin-like proteins in Metastriate ticks belong to class A1, whereas in Prostriate species they are predominantly class B. In keeping with this, the majority of biochemically characterized Metastriate evasins bind CC-chemokines, whereas the majority of Prostriate evasins bind CXC-chemokines. While the origin of the structurally dissimilar classes A1 and A2 is yet unresolved, these results suggest that class B evasin-like proteins arose before the divergence of Prostriate and Metastriate lineages and likely functioned to neutralize CXC-chemokines and support blood feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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7
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Denisov SS, Dijkgraaf I. Immunomodulatory Proteins in Tick Saliva From a Structural Perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:769574. [PMID: 34722347 PMCID: PMC8548845 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.769574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To feed successfully, ticks must bypass or suppress the host’s defense mechanisms, particularly the immune system. To accomplish this, ticks secrete specialized immunomodulatory proteins into their saliva, just like many other blood-sucking parasites. However, the strategy of ticks is rather unique compared to their counterparts. Ticks’ tendency for gene duplication has led to a diverse arsenal of dozens of closely related proteins from several classes to modulate the immune system’s response. Among these are chemokine-binding proteins, complement pathways inhibitors, ion channels modulators, and numerous poorly characterized proteins whose functions are yet to be uncovered. Studying tick immunomodulatory proteins would not only help to elucidate tick-host relationships but would also provide a rich pool of potential candidates for the development of immunomodulatory intervention drugs and potentially new vaccines. In the present review, we will attempt to summarize novel findings on the salivary immunomodulatory proteins of ticks, focusing on biomolecular targets, structure-activity relationships, and the perspective of their development into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan S Denisov
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
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8
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Denisov SS, Ramírez-Escudero M, Heinzmann ACA, Ippel JH, Dawson PE, Koenen RR, Hackeng TM, Janssen BJC, Dijkgraaf I. Structural characterization of anti-CCL5 activity of the tick salivary protein evasin-4. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14367-14378. [PMID: 32817341 PMCID: PMC7573271 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks, as blood-sucking parasites, have developed a complex strategy to evade and suppress host immune responses during feeding. The crucial part of this strategy is expression of a broad family of salivary proteins, called Evasins, to neutralize chemokines responsible for cell trafficking and recruitment. However, structural information about Evasins is still scarce, and little is known about the structural determinants of their binding mechanism to chemokines. Here, we studied the structurally uncharacterized Evasin-4, which neutralizes a broad range of CC-motif chemokines, including the chemokine CC-motif ligand 5 (CCL5) involved in atherogenesis. Crystal structures of Evasin-4 and E66S CCL5, an obligatory dimeric variant of CCL5, were determined to a resolution of 1.3–1.8 Å. The Evasin-4 crystal structure revealed an L-shaped architecture formed by an N- and C-terminal subdomain consisting of eight β-strands and an α-helix that adopts a substantially different position compared with closely related Evasin-1. Further investigation into E66S CCL5–Evasin-4 complex formation with NMR spectroscopy showed that residues of the N terminus are involved in binding to CCL5. The peptide derived from the N-terminal region of Evasin-4 possessed nanomolar affinity to CCL5 and inhibited CCL5 activity in monocyte migration assays. This suggests that Evasin-4 derivatives could be used as a starting point for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan S Denisov
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Ramírez-Escudero
- Department of Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra C A Heinzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip E Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert J C Janssen
- Department of Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Aounallah H, Bensaoud C, M'ghirbi Y, Faria F, Chmelar JI, Kotsyfakis M. Tick Salivary Compounds for Targeted Immunomodulatory Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583845. [PMID: 33072132 PMCID: PMC7538779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency disorders and autoimmune diseases are common, but a lack of effective targeted drugs and the side-effects of existing drugs have stimulated interest in finding therapeutic alternatives. Naturally derived substances are a recognized source of novel drugs, and tick saliva is increasingly recognized as a rich source of bioactive molecules with specific functions. Ticks use their saliva to overcome the innate and adaptive host immune systems. Their saliva is a rich cocktail of molecules including proteins, peptides, lipid derivatives, and recently discovered non-coding RNAs that inhibit or modulate vertebrate immune reactions. A number of tick saliva and/or salivary gland molecules have been characterized and shown to be promising candidates for drug development for vertebrate immune diseases. However, further validation of these molecules at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels is now required to progress lead candidates to clinical testing. In this paper, we review the data on the immuno-pharmacological aspects of tick salivary compounds characterized in vitro and/or in vivo and present recent findings on non-coding RNAs that might be exploitable as immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Aounallah
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR19IPTX, Service d'Entomologie Médicale, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chaima Bensaoud
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Youmna M'ghirbi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR19IPTX, Service d'Entomologie Médicale, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fernanda Faria
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jindr Ich Chmelar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Michail Kotsyfakis
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
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