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Faa G, Messana I, Coni P, Piras M, Pichiri G, Piludu M, Iavarone F, Desiderio C, Vento G, Tirone C, Manconi B, Olianas A, Contini C, Cabras T, Castagnola M. Thymosin β 4 and β 10 Expression in Human Organs during Development: A Review. Cells 2024; 13:1115. [PMID: 38994967 PMCID: PMC11240739 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the results of a series of studies performed by our group with the aim to define the expression levels of thymosin β4 and thymosin β10 over time, starting from fetal development to different ages after birth, in different human organs and tissues. The first section describes the proteomics investigations performed on whole saliva from preterm newborns and gingival crevicular fluid, which revealed to us the importance of these acidic peptides and their multiple functions. These findings inspired us to start an in-depth investigation mainly based on immunochemistry to establish the distribution of thymosin β4 and thymosin β10 in different organs from adults and fetuses at different ages (after autopsy), and therefore to obtain suggestions on the functions of β-thymosins in health and disease. The functions of β-thymosins emerging from these studies, for instance, those performed during carcinogenesis, add significant details that could help to resolve the nowadays so-called "β-thymosin enigma", i.e., the potential molecular role played by these two pleiotropic peptides during human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavino Faa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Roma, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Monica Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Marco Piludu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Roma, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (C.T.)
- Divisione di Neonatologia, Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tirone
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.V.); (C.T.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.F.); (P.C.); (M.P.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Sezione Biomedica, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (B.M.); (A.O.); (T.C.)
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Roma, Italy
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Messana I, Manconi B, Cabras T, Boroumand M, Sanna MT, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Desiderio C, Rossetti DV, Vincenzoni F, Contini C, Guadalupi G, Fiorita A, Faa G, Castagnola M. The Post-Translational Modifications of Human Salivary Peptides and Proteins Evidenced by Top-Down Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12776. [PMID: 37628956 PMCID: PMC10454625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we extensively describe the main post-translational modifications that give rise to the multiple proteoforms characterized to date in the human salivary proteome and their potential role. Most of the data reported were obtained by our group in over twenty-five years of research carried out on human saliva mainly by applying a top-down strategy. In the beginning, we describe the products generated by proteolytic cleavages, which can occur before and after secretion. In this section, the most relevant families of salivary proteins are also described. Next, we report the current information concerning the human salivary phospho-proteome and the limited news available on sulfo-proteomes. Three sections are dedicated to the description of glycation and enzymatic glycosylation. Citrullination and N- and C-terminal post-translational modifications (PTMs) and miscellaneous other modifications are described in the last two sections. Results highlighting the variation in the level of some proteoforms in local or systemic pathologies are also reviewed throughout the sections of the manuscript to underline the impact and relevance of this information for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Diana Valeria Rossetti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa e del Collo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Umapathy VR, Natarajan PM, Swamikannu B. Review Insights on Salivary Proteomics Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Detection and Diagnosis. Molecules 2023; 28:5283. [PMID: 37446943 PMCID: PMC10343386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection is crucial for the treatment and prognosis of oral cancer, a potentially lethal condition. Tumor markers are abnormal biological byproducts produced by malignant cells that may be found and analyzed in a variety of bodily fluids, including saliva. Early detection and appropriate treatment can increase cure rates to 80-90% and considerably improve quality of life by reducing the need for costly, incapacitating medicines. Salivary diagnostics has drawn the interest of many researchers and has been proven to be an effective tool for both medication monitoring and the diagnosis of several systemic diseases. Since researchers are now searching for biomarkers in saliva, an accessible bodily fluid, for noninvasive diagnosis of oral cancer, measuring tumor markers in saliva is an interesting alternative to blood testing for early identification, post-treatment monitoring, and monitoring high-risk lesions. New molecular markers for oral cancer detection, treatment, and prognosis have been found as a result of developments in the fields of molecular biology and salivary proteomics. The numerous salivary tumor biomarkers and how they relate to oral cancer and pre-cancer are covered in this article. We are optimistic that salivary protein biomarkers may one day be discovered for the clinical detection of oral cancer because of the rapid advancement of proteomic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600107, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences and Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bhuminathan Swamikannu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER University, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India;
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Cerón JJ, Ortín-Bustillo A, López-Martínez MJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Eckersall PD, Tecles F, Tvarijonaviciute A, Muñoz-Prieto A. S-100 Proteins: Basics and Applications as Biomarkers in Animals with Special Focus on Calgranulins (S100A8, A9, and A12). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:881. [PMID: 37372165 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
S100 proteins are a group of calcium-binding proteins which received this name because of their solubility in a 100% saturated solution of ammonium sulphate. They have a similar molecular mass of 10-12 KDa and share 25-65% similarity in their amino acid sequence. They are expressed in many tissues, and to date 25 different types of S100 proteins have been identified. This review aims to provide updated information about S100 proteins and their use as biomarkers in veterinary science, with special emphasis on the family of calgranulins that includes S100A8 (calgranulin A; myeloid-related protein 8, MRP8), S100A9 (calgranulin B; MRP14), and S100A12 (calgranulin C). The proteins SA100A8 and S100A9 can be linked, forming a heterodimer which is known as calprotectin. Calgranulins are related to the activation of inflammation and the immune system and increase in gastrointestinal diseases, inflammation and sepsis, immunomediated diseases, and obesity and endocrine disorders in different animal species. This review reflects the current knowledge about calgranulins in veterinary science, which should increase in the future to clarify their role in different diseases and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, as well as the practical use of their measurement in non-invasive samples such as saliva or feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alba Ortín-Bustillo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María José López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Peter David Eckersall
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Ahmadian M, Maleki Kambakhsh S, Einollahi N, Babazadeh S, Tofangchiha M, D'Amato G, Patini R. Salivary Protein and Electrolyte Profiles during Primary Teeth Eruption: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071335. [PMID: 37046552 PMCID: PMC10093475 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the qualitative changes in the saliva during the process of primary teeth eruption. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 147 children from 2 to 48 months, of which 49 were in group A (no erupted primary teeth), 53 were in group B (at least one active erupting primary tooth), and 45 were in group C (eruption of all 20 primary teeth was completed). Salivary proteins were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis with polyacrylamide gel, while the concentrations of salivary sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium ions were evaluated by ion selective electrodes. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (alpha = 0.05). The concentration of proteins with molecular weights of 20-30 KDa was significantly higher in group A, and it gradually decreased with age. The concentration of proteins with molecular weights of 50-60 KDa in group B was significantly lower than those of groups A and C. The calcium ion concentration in group A was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The concentration of potassium ions was minimal in group C. The proteins and electrolyte profiles of the subjects' saliva changed in the process of primary tooth eruption. The highest concentrations of proteins such as statherin, histatin, P-B peptide, and cystatin and the lowest concentrations of proteins such as amylase were present in group B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ahmadian
- School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran
| | - Sara Maleki Kambakhsh
- School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran
| | - Nahid Einollahi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14197-33141, Iran
| | - Saber Babazadeh
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48959, Iran
| | - Maryam Tofangchiha
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran
| | - Giuseppe D'Amato
- Unicamillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Romeo Patini
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00135 Rome, Italy
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Ponzini E, Santambrogio C, De Palma A, Mauri P, Tavazzi S, Grandori R. Mass spectrometry-based tear proteomics for noninvasive biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:842-860. [PMID: 33759206 PMCID: PMC9543345 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The lacrimal film has attracted increasing interest in the last decades as a potential source of biomarkers of physiopathological states, due to its accessibility, moderate complexity, and responsiveness to ocular and systemic diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has led to effective approaches to tear proteomics, despite the intrinsic limitations in sample amounts. This review focuses on the recent progress in strategy and technology, with an emphasis on the potential for personalized medicine. After an introduction on lacrimal-film composition, examples of applications to biomarker discovery are discussed, comparing approaches based on pooled-sample and single-tear analysis. Then, the most critical steps of the experimental pipeline, that is, tear collection, sample fractionation, and LC-MS implementation, are discussed with reference to proteome-coverage optimization. Advantages and challenges of the alternative procedures are highlighted. Despite the still limited number of studies, tear quantitative proteomics, including single-tear investigation, could offer unique contributions to the identification of low-invasiveness, sustained-accessibility biomarkers, and to the development of personalized approaches to therapy and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ponzini
- Materials Science DepartmentUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Antonella De Palma
- Institute for Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research Council (ITB‐CNR)Segrate (MI)Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research Council (ITB‐CNR)Segrate (MI)Italy
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- Materials Science DepartmentUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
- COMiBUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
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Contini C, Serrao S, Manconi B, Olianas A, Iavarone F, Bizzarro A, Masullo C, Castagnola M, Messana I, Diaz G, Cabras T. Salivary Proteomics Reveals Significant Changes in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease and Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:605-622. [PMID: 35912740 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a risk factor for several pathologies as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Great interest exists, therefore, in discovering diagnostic biomarkers and indicators discriminating biological aging and health status. To this aim, omic investigations of biological matrices, as saliva, whose sampling is easy and non-invasive, offer great potential. OBJECTIVE Investigate the salivary proteome through a statistical comparison of the proteomic data by several approaches to highlight quali-/quantitative variations associated specifically either to aging or to AD occurrence, and, thus, able to classify the subjects. METHODS Salivary proteomic data of healthy controls under-70 (adults) and over-70 (elderly) years old, and over-70 AD patients, obtained by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, were analyzed by multiple Mann-Whitney test, Kendall correlation, and Random-Forest (RF) analysis. RESULTS Almost all the investigated proteins/peptides significantly decreased in relation to aging in elderly subjects, with or without AD, in comparison with adults. AD subjects exhibited the highest levels of α-defensins, thymosin β4, cystatin B, S100A8 and A9. Correlation tests also highlighted age/disease associated differences. RF analysis individuated quali-/quantitative variations in 20 components, as oxidized S100A8 and S100A9, α-defensin 3, P-B peptide, able to classify with great accuracy the subjects into the three groups. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated a strong change of the salivary protein profile in relation to the aging. Potential biomarkers candidates of AD were individuated in peptides/proteins involved in antimicrobial defense, innate immune system, inflammation, and in oxidative stress. RF analysis revealed the feasibility of the salivary proteome to discriminate groups of subjects based on age and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Foundation -IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics laboratory, European Centre for Research on the Brain, "Santa Lucia" Foundation -IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Diaz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Yoshizato K, Taira T, Sato-Matsubara M, Sekiguchi S, Yabunaka Y, Kira Y, Ohashi T, Daikoku A, Ofusa K, Kadono C, Oikawa D, Matsubara T, Nakagama Y, Kido Y, Tokunaga F, Ikeda K, Kaneko A, Kawada N. Cloaking the ACE2 receptor with salivary cationic proteins inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry. J Biochem 2022; 172:205-216. [PMID: 35792074 PMCID: PMC9278198 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Saliva contributes to the innate immune system, which suggests that it can prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry. We studied the ability of healthy salivary proteins to bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) using biolayer interferometry and pull-down assays. Their effects on binding between the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 (S1) and ACE2 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Saliva bound to ACE2 and disrupted the binding of S1 to ACE2 and four ACE2-binding salivary proteins were identified, including cationic histone H2A and neutrophil elastase, which inhibited the S1-ACE2 interaction. Calf thymus histone (ct-histone) also inhibited binding as effectively as histone H2A. The results of a cell-based infection assay indicated that ct-histone suppressed SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral invasion into ACE2-expressing host cells. Manufactured polypeptides, such as ε-poly-L-lysine, also disrupted S1-ACE2 binding, indicating the importance of the cationic properties of salivary proteins in ACE2 binding. Overall, we demonstrated that positively-charged salivary proteins are a barrier against SARS-CoV-2 entry by cloaking the negatively-charged surface of ACE2, and provided a view that the cationic polypeptides represent a preventative and therapeutic treatment against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Osaka Metropolitan University Donated Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Osaka Metropolitan University BioIntegrence Co., Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Toshio Taira
- Sapporo Division, Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd. , Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0261, Japan
| | - Misako Sato-Matsubara
- Osaka Metropolitan University Donated Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shizuko Sekiguchi
- Sapporo Division, Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd. , Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0261, Japan
| | - Yoriko Yabunaka
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Research Support Platform, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukimi Kira
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Research Support Platform, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsu Ohashi
- Sapporo Division, Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd. , Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0261, Japan
| | - Atsuko Daikoku
- Osaka Metropolitan University Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ken Ofusa
- Osaka Metropolitan University Laboratory of Foods and Life Sciences, IDEA Consultants, Inc., Osaka, Osaka 559-8519, Japan; 8 Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Chiho Kadono
- Osaka Metropolitan University Donated Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Oikawa
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Osaka Metropolitan University Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yu Nakagama
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kido
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ikeda
- Osaka Metropolitan University Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Kaneko
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Osaka Metropolitan University Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, , Osaka, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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9
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Boroumand M, Manconi B, Serrao S, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Cabras T, Contini C, Pieroni L, Sanna MT, Vento G, Tirone C, Desiderio C, Fiorita A, Faa G, Messana I, Castagnola M. Investigation by top‐down high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry of glutathionylation and cysteinylation of salivary S100A9 and cystatin B in preterm newborns. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mozghan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Via Ardeatina, 306/354 Roma 00179 Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” ‐ IRCCS Roma Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore Roma Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Via Ardeatina, 306/354 Roma 00179 Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” ‐ IRCCS Roma Italy
- Divisione di Neonatologia Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Roma Italy
| | - Chiara Tirone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” ‐ IRCCS Roma Italy
- Divisione di Neonatologia Dipartimento per la Salute della Donna e del Bambino Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Roma Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Roma Italy
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” ‐ IRCCS Roma Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento Neurologiche Ortopediche e della Testa e del Collo Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Roma Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Sezione di Anatomia Patologica Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy
- Temple University Philadelphia USA
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Roma Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Via Ardeatina, 306/354 Roma 00179 Italy
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10
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Boroumand M, Olianas A, Cabras T, Manconi B, Fanni D, Faa G, Desiderio C, Messana I, Castagnola M. Saliva, a bodily fluid with recognized and potential diagnostic applications. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3677-3690. [PMID: 34350708 PMCID: PMC9290823 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human whole saliva is a bodily fluid that can be obtained easily by noninvasive techniques. Specimens can be collected by the patient also at home in order to monitor health status and variations of several analytes of clinical interest. The contributions to whole saliva include secretions from salivary glands and, among others, from the gingival crevicular fluid that derives from the epithelial mucosa. Therefore, saliva is currently a relevant diagnostic fluid for many substances, including steroids, nonpeptide hormones, therapeutic drugs, and drugs of abuse. This review at first briefly describes the different contributions to whole saliva. A section illustrates the procedures for the collection, handling, and storage of salivary specimens. Another section describes the present use of whole saliva for diagnostic purposes and its specific utilization for the diagnosis of several local and systemic diseases. The final sections illustrate the future opportunities offered by various not conventional techniques with a focus on the most recent –omic investigations. It describes the various issues that have to be taken into account to avoid false positives and negatives, such as the strength of the experimental plan, the adequacy of the number of samples under study, and the proper choice of controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Patologia, Università di Cagliari, AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gavino Faa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Patologia, Università di Cagliari, AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
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11
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Chambon C, Neyraud E, Sayd T, Bros P, Di Biagio R, Hyvrier F, Féart C, André P, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E, Garcia-Esquinas E, Gomez-Cabrero D, Proctor G, Morzel M. The salivary proteome reflects some traits of dietary habits in diabetic and non-diabetic older adults. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4331-4344. [PMID: 34041584 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Objective markers of usual diet are of interest as alternative or validating tools in nutritional epidemiology research. The main purpose of the work was to assess whether saliva protein composition can reflect dietary habits in older adults, and how type 2 diabetes impacted on the saliva-diet correlates. METHODS 214 participants were selected from 2 European cohorts of community-dwelling older adults (3C-Bordeaux and Seniors-ENRICA-2), using a case-control design nested in each cohort. Cases were individuals with type 2 diabetes. Dietary information was obtained using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Saliva was successfully obtained from 211 subjects, and its proteome analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The relative abundance of 246 saliva proteins was obtained across all participants. The salivary proteome differed depending on the intake level of some food groups (especially vegetables, fruits, sweet snacks and red meat), in a diabetic status- and cohort-specific manner. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that some biological processes were consistently affected by diet across cohorts, for example enhanced platelet degranulation in high consumers of sweet snacks. Minimal models were then fitted to predict dietary variables by sociodemographic, clinical and salivary proteome variables. For the food group «sweet snacks», selected salivary proteins contributed to the predictive model and improved its performance in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort and when both cohorts were combined. CONCLUSION Saliva proteome composition of elderly individuals can reflect some aspects of dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Chambon
- INRAE, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme Composante Protéome PFEMcp, St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Eric Neyraud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thierry Sayd
- INRAE, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme Composante Protéome PFEMcp, St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Pauline Bros
- INRAE, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme Composante Protéome PFEMcp, St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Romane Di Biagio
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Frank Hyvrier
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Féart
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, BPH, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Perrine André
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, BPH, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Martine Morzel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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12
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Tirone C, Iavarone F, Tana M, Lio A, Aurilia C, Costa S, Castagnola M, Messana I, Vento G. Oxidative and Proteolytic Inactivation of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Pathogenesis: A Top-Down Proteomic Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Analysis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:597415. [PMID: 33834009 PMCID: PMC8021761 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.597415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the role of the oxidative and proteolytic inactivation of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected on the 3rd day of life from mechanically ventilated neonates with gestational age ≤ 30 weeks and analyzed without previous treatment (top-down proteomics) by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. AAT fragments were identified by high-resolution LTQ Orbitrap XL experiments and the relative abundances determined by considering the extracted ion current (XIC) peak area. Forty preterm neonates were studied: 20 (50%) did not develop BPD (no-BPD group), 17 (42.5%) developed mild or moderate new-BPD (mild + moderate BPD group), and 3 (7.5%) developed severe new-BPD (severe BPD group). Eighteen fragments of AAT and a fragment of AAT oxidized at a methionine residue were identified: significantly higher values of AAT fragments 25-57, 375-418, 397-418, 144-171, and 397-418 with oxidized methionine were found in the severe BPD group. The significantly higher levels of several AAT fragments and of the fragment 397-418, oxidized in BALF of preterm infants developing BPD, underlie the central role of an imbalance between proteases and protease inhibitors in exacerbating lung injury and inducing most severe forms of BPD. The study has some limitations, and between them, the small sample size implies the need for further confirmation by larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tirone
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Tana
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Aurilia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neonatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Rome, Italy
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13
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Boroumand M, Iavarone F, Manconi B, Pieroni L, Greco V, Vento G, Tirone C, Desiderio C, Fiorita A, Faa G, Messana I, Cabras T, Olianas A, Castagnola M. HPLC-ESI-MS top-down analysis of salivary peptides of preterm newborns evidenced high activity of some exopeptidases and convertases during late fetal development. Talanta 2020; 222:121429. [PMID: 33167196 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To have information on the proteolytic activity of convertases and exo-peptidases on human salivary proteins, this study investigated the relative amounts of the truncated proteoforms in the saliva of preterm newborns and compared them with the relative amounts measured in saliva of at-term newborns, of babies (0-10 years old) and of adults. Results indicated that convertase(s), acting on acidic proline-rich proteins and histatin 3, and carboxypeptidase(s) acting on acidic proline-rich proteins, P-C peptide, histatin 6 and statherin were many folds more active in preterm newborns than in the other groups. Conversely, the aminopeptidase responsible for the removal of the N-terminal Asp residue of statherin was not active in preterm newborns, becoming active only several months after the normal term of delivery. The high activity of convertases determined in preterm newborns suggests that it is required for the molecular events connected to the fetus development, and encourages further studies devoted to the characterization of their specific substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca Sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca Sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
| | - Viviana Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Divisione di Neonatologia, Dipartimento per La Salute Della Donna e Del Bambino, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Chiara Tirone
- Divisione di Neonatologia, Dipartimento per La Salute Della Donna e Del Bambino, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e Della Testa e Del Collo, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Gavino Faa
- Sezione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca Sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy.
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14
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Serrao S, Firinu D, Olianas A, Deidda M, Contini C, Iavarone F, Sanna MT, Boroumand M, Amado F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Manconi B, Cabras T. Top-Down Proteomics of Human Saliva Discloses Significant Variations of the Protein Profile in Patients with Mastocytosis. J Proteome Res 2020. [PMID: 32575983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00207.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm causing abnormal clonal mast cell accumulation in different tissues, such as skin and bone marrow. A cutaneous subtype (CM) is distinguished from a systemic one (SM); SM patients can be grouped into SM with (SM+C) or without (SM-C) additional cutaneous lesions, and their classification is often challenging. This study was purposed to highlight variations in the salivary proteome of patients with different mastocytosis subtypes and compared to healthy controls. A top-down proteomics approach coupled to a label-free quantitation revealed salivary profiles in patients different from those of controls and a down-regulation of peptides/proteins involved in the mouth homeostasis and defense, such as statherin, histatins, and acidic proline-rich proteins (aPRPs), and in innate immunity and inflammation, such as the cathepsin inhibitors, suggesting a systemic condition associated with an exacerbated inflammatory state. The up-regulation of antileukoproteinase and S100A8 suggested a protective role against the disease status. The two SM forms were distinguished by the lower levels of truncated forms of aPRPs, statherin, P-B peptide, and cystatin D and the higher levels of thymosin β4 and α-defensins 1 and 4 in SM-C patients with respect to SM+C. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Serrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Margherita Deidda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - M Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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15
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Serrao S, Firinu D, Olianas A, Deidda M, Contini C, Iavarone F, Sanna MT, Boroumand M, Amado F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Manconi B, Cabras T. Top-Down Proteomics of Human Saliva Discloses Significant Variations of the Protein Profile in Patients with Mastocytosis. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3238-3253. [PMID: 32575983 PMCID: PMC8008451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Mastocytosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm causing abnormal clonal mast cell
accumulation in different tissues, such as skin and bone marrow. A
cutaneous subtype (CM) is distinguished from a systemic one (SM);
SM patients can be grouped into SM with (SM+C) or without (SM-C) additional
cutaneous lesions, and their classification is often challenging.
This study was purposed to highlight variations in the salivary proteome
of patients with different mastocytosis subtypes and compared to healthy
controls. A top-down proteomics approach coupled to a label-free quantitation
revealed salivary profiles in patients different from those of controls
and a down-regulation of peptides/proteins involved in the mouth homeostasis
and defense, such as statherin, histatins, and acidic proline-rich
proteins (aPRPs), and in innate immunity and inflammation, such as
the cathepsin inhibitors, suggesting a systemic condition associated
with an exacerbated inflammatory state. The up-regulation of antileukoproteinase
and S100A8 suggested a protective role against the disease status.
The two SM forms were distinguished by the lower levels of truncated
forms of aPRPs, statherin, P-B peptide, and cystatin D and the higher
levels of thymosin β4 and α-defensins 1 and 4 in SM-C
patients with respect to SM+C. Data are available via ProteomeXchange
with identifier PXD017759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Serrao
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Margherita Deidda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - M Teresa Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA, Mass spectrometry center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica-IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 100168 Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Neyraud E, Schwartz C, Brignot H, Jouanin I, Tremblay-Franco M, Canlet C, Tournier C. Longitudinal analysis of the salivary metabolome of breast-fed and formula-fed infants over the first year of life. Metabolomics 2020; 16:37. [PMID: 32162105 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The salivary metabolome has been increasingly studied over the past ten years due to the potential of saliva as a non-invasive source of biomarkers. However, although saliva has been studied in relation to various diseases, its dynamic evolution during life is not known. This is particularly true for the first months of life. Infancy is indeed a critical period during which numerous behavioural and physiological events occur, such as dietary transitions and tooth eruption, which can lead to important biological modifications in the oral cavity. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was therefore to study the evolution of the salivary metabolome during the first months of life by 1H NMR. METHODS Saliva of 32 infants with different milk feeding histories (breast vs formula) was collected at 6 stages, including 3 months old, 15 days before the onset of complementary feeding (CF), approximately 15 days after the onset of CF, approximately 21 days after the onset of CF and at approximately 11 and 15 months, and analysed. RESULTS The longitudinal analysis showed a significant modification of the profiles of 18 metabolites over time; 14 presented an increase in abundance whereas 4 presented a decrease. These modifications seemed to be linked, for the most part, to an increase in oral microbial metabolism. Milk feeding history during the first months of life had no effect on metabolites. CONCLUSION This work shows that the salivary metabolome should be considered when studying the changes occurring during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Neyraud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 17 rue Sully, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Camille Schwartz
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 17 rue Sully, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Brignot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 17 rue Sully, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Jouanin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31027, Toulouse, France
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHub, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31027, Toulouse, France
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHub, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31027, Toulouse, France
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHub, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Tournier
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 17 rue Sully, 21000, Dijon, France
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17
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Contini C, Firinu D, Serrao S, Manconi B, Olianas A, Cinetto F, Cossu F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Del Giacco S, Cabras T. RP-HPLC-ESI-IT Mass Spectrometry Reveals Significant Variations of the Human Salivary Protein Profile Associated with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies. J Clin Immunol 2020. [PMID: 31916122 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00743-4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Present study is designed to discover potential salivary biomarkers associated with predominantly antibody deficiencies, which include a large spectrum of disorders sharing failure of antibody production, and B cell defects resulting in recurrent infections, autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations, and tumor susceptibility. Understanding and clinical classification of these syndromes is still challenging. METHODS We carried out a study of human saliva based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements of intact protein mass values. Salivary protein profiles of patients (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 30) were compared. RESULTS Patients exhibited lower abundance of α-defensins 1-4, cystatins S1 and S2, and higher abundance of glutathionylated cystatin B and cystatin SN than controls. Patients could be clustered in two groups on the basis of different levels of cystatin SN, S1 and S2, suggesting that these proteins may play different roles in the disease. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative variations of these pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial peptides/proteins may be related to immunodeficiency and infectious condition of the patients. The high incidence of tumors in the group with the highest level of cystatin SN, which is recognized as tumoral marker, appeared an intriguing result deserving of future investigations. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042, CA, Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Francesco Cinetto
- Ca' Foncello Hospital - Treviso, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fausto Cossu
- Pediatric HSCT Unit, Pediatric Clinic of University, Ospedale Microcitemico, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory, IRCCS - Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- CNR-SCITEC Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica Università Cattolica, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042, CA, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, ss 554, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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RP-HPLC-ESI-IT Mass Spectrometry Reveals Significant Variations of the Human Salivary Protein Profile Associated with Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:329-339. [PMID: 31916122 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Present study is designed to discover potential salivary biomarkers associated with predominantly antibody deficiencies, which include a large spectrum of disorders sharing failure of antibody production, and B cell defects resulting in recurrent infections, autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations, and tumor susceptibility. Understanding and clinical classification of these syndromes is still challenging. METHODS We carried out a study of human saliva based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements of intact protein mass values. Salivary protein profiles of patients (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 30) were compared. RESULTS Patients exhibited lower abundance of α-defensins 1-4, cystatins S1 and S2, and higher abundance of glutathionylated cystatin B and cystatin SN than controls. Patients could be clustered in two groups on the basis of different levels of cystatin SN, S1 and S2, suggesting that these proteins may play different roles in the disease. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative variations of these pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial peptides/proteins may be related to immunodeficiency and infectious condition of the patients. The high incidence of tumors in the group with the highest level of cystatin SN, which is recognized as tumoral marker, appeared an intriguing result deserving of future investigations. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012688.
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19
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Delimont NM, Katz BB, Fiorentino NM, Kimmel KA, Haub MD, Rosenkranz SK, Tomich JM, Lindshield BL. Salivary Cystatin SN Binds to Phytic Acid In Vitro and Is a Predictor of Nonheme Iron Bioavailability with Phytic Acid Supplementation in a Proof of Concept Pilot Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz057. [PMID: 31218272 PMCID: PMC6571437 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute phytic acid intake has been found to decrease iron bioavailability; however, repeated phytic acid consumption leads to iron absorption adaptation. Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) have been shown to inhibit iron chelation to tannins and may mediate similar iron absorption adaptation with phytic acid intake. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine whether salivary proteins bind to phytic acid in vitro, and to explore a proof of concept in a pilot study that examined the impact of 4-wk, daily phytic acid supplementation on individuals' iron status, bioavailability, and salivary PRP concentrations. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight were used to characterize in vitro salivary protein-phytic acid interactions. Nonanemic women (n = 7) consumed 350 mg phytic acid supplements 3 times daily for 4 wk, and meal challenges were employed to determine iron bioavailability, iron status, and salivary protein concentrations before and after supplementation periods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of purified protein fractions and participant saliva identified proteins bound to phytic acid. RESULTS In vitro salivary protein-phytic acid interaction identified cystatin SN, a non-proline rich salivary protein, as the specific bound protein to phytic acid. Iron bioavailability (P = 0.32), hemoglobin (P = 0.72), and serum ferritin (P = 0.08) concentrations were not reduced from week 0 to week 4 after phytic acid supplementation. Basic PRPs and cystatin SN concentrations were positively correlated with iron bioavailability at week 4. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results suggest that phytic acid binds to the non-PRP cystatin SN and that salivary protein production may improve iron bioavailability with phytic acid consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Delimont
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Benjamin B Katz
- Biotechnology and Proteomics Core Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Nicole M Fiorentino
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Katheryne A Kimmel
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mark D Haub
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - John M Tomich
- Biotechnology and Proteomics Core Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Brian L Lindshield
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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20
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Heizmann CW. S100 proteins: Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in laboratory medicine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1197-1206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Heizmann CW. Ca 2+-Binding Proteins of the EF-Hand Superfamily: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1929:157-186. [PMID: 30710273 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9030-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of Ca2+-sensor proteins containing the specific Ca2+-binding motif (helix-loop-helix, called EF-hand) are of major clinical relevance in a many human diseases. Measurements of troponin, the first intracellular Ca-sensor protein to be discovered, is nowadays the "gold standard" in the diagnosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Mutations have been identified in calmodulin and linked to inherited ventricular tachycardia and in patients affected by severe cardiac arrhythmias. Parvalbumin, when introduced into the diseased heart by gene therapy to increase contraction and relaxation speed, is considered to be a novel therapeutic strategy to combat heart failure. S100 proteins, the largest subgroup with the EF-hand protein family, are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, various types of cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune pathologies. The intention of this review is to summarize the clinical importance of this protein family and their use as biomarkers and potential drug targets, which could help to improve the diagnosis of human diseases and identification of more selective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus W Heizmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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22
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Investigating the Protein Signature of Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma Pediatric Brain Tumor Tissue: Towards the Comprehension of Its Aggressive Behavior. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:3609789. [PMID: 31191748 PMCID: PMC6525946 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3609789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although histologically benign, adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (AC) pediatric brain tumor is a locally aggressive disease that frequently determines symptoms and hormonal dysfunctions related to the mass effect on the surrounding structures. Another typical feature of this benign neoplasm is the presence of voluminous liquid cysts frequently associated with the solid component. Even if studies have been devoted to the proteomic characterization of the tumor intracystic fluid, poor explorations have been performed on its solid part, principally investigated by transcriptomics technologies. In the present study, seven specimens of AC whole tumor tissue have been analyzed by LC-MS for a preliminary assessment of the proteomic profile by a top-down/bottom-up integrated approach. Thymosin beta 4, ubiquitin, calmodulin, S100 proteins, prothymosin α isoform 2, alpha-defensins 1-4, and fragments largely belonging to vimentin, hemoglobin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein characterized the intact proteome. The identification of alpha-defensins, formerly characterized in AC intracystic fluid, reinforces the hypothesis of a role for inflammation in tumor pathogenesis. A total number of 1798 unique elements were identified by a bottom-up approach with a special focus on the 433 proteins commonly characterized in the 85.7% of the samples analyzed. Their gene ontology classification evidenced the involvement of the adherence system, intermediate filaments, and actin cytoskeleton in tumor pathogenesis and of elements part of the Wnt, FGF, and EGFR signaling pathways. In addition, proteins involved in calcium modulation, innate immunity, inflammation, CCKR and integrin signaling, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor pathways were also outlined. Further than confirming proteomic data previously obtained on AC intracystic fluid, these results offer a preliminary overview of the AC whole tissue protein phenotype, adding new hints towards the comprehension of this still obscure pediatric brain tumor.
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Manconi B, Liori B, Cabras T, Vincenzoni F, Iavarone F, Lorefice L, Cocco E, Castagnola M, Messana I, Olianas A. Top-down proteomic profiling of human saliva in multiple sclerosis patients. J Proteomics 2018; 187:212-222. [PMID: 30086402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration which is of undetermined origin. To date a single diagnostic test of multiple sclerosis does not exists and novel biomarkers are demanded for a more accurate and early diagnosis. In this study, we performed the quantitative analysis of 119 salivary peptides/proteins from 49 multiple sclerosis patients and 54 healthy controls by a mass spectrometry-based top-down proteomic approach. Statistical analysis evidenced different levels on 23 proteins: 8 proteins showed lower levels in multiple sclerosis patients with respect to controls and they were mono- and di-oxidized cystatin SN, mono- and di-oxidized cystatin S1, mono-oxidized cystatin SA and mono-phosphorylated statherin. 15 proteins showed higher levels in multiple sclerosis patients with respect to controls and they were antileukoproteinase, two proteoforms of Prolactin-Inducible Protein, P-C peptide (Fr.1-14, Fr. 26-44, and Fr. 36-44), SV1 fragment of statherin, cystatin SN Des1-4, cystatin SN P11 → L variant, and cystatin A T96 → M variant. The differences observed between the salivary proteomic profile of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects is consistent with the inflammatory condition and altered immune response typical of the pathology. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009440. SIGNIFICANCE To date a single diagnostic test of multiple sclerosis does not exist, and diagnosis is based on multiple tests which mainly include the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. However, the need for lumbar puncture makes the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid impractical for monitoring disease activity and response to treatment. The possible use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid for oral and systemic diseases has been largely investigated, but only marginally in multiple sclerosis compared to other body fluids. Our study demonstrates that the salivary proteome of multiple sclerosis patients differs considerably compared to that of sex and age matched healthy individuals and suggests that some differences might be associated with the different disease-modifying therapy used to treat multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Barbara Liori
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Lorefice
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ATS Sardegna, University of Cagliari, via Is Guadazzonis 2, 09126 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ATS Sardegna, University of Cagliari, via Is Guadazzonis 2, 09126 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Castagnola M, Scarano E, Passali GC, Messana I, Cabras T, Iavarone F, Di Cintio G, Fiorita A, De Corso E, Paludetti G. Salivary biomarkers and proteomics: future diagnostic and clinical utilities. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2018; 37:94-101. [PMID: 28516971 PMCID: PMC5463528 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Saliva testing is a non-invasive and inexpensive test that can serve as a source of information useful for diagnosis of disease. As we enter the era of genomic technologies and -omic research, collection of saliva has increased. Recent proteomic platforms have analysed the human salivary proteome and characterised about 3000 differentially expressed proteins and peptides: in saliva, more than 90% of proteins in weight are derived from the secretion of three couples of "major" glands; all the other components are derived from minor glands, gingival crevicular fluid, mucosal exudates and oral microflora. The most common aim of proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions. A proteomic protocol to analyze the whole saliva proteome is not currently available. It is possible distinguish two type of proteomic platforms: top-down proteomics investigates intact naturally-occurring structure of a protein under examination; bottom-up proteomics analyses peptide fragments after pre-digestion (typically with trypsin). Because of this heterogeneity, many different biomarkers may be proposed for the same pathology. The salivary proteome has been characterised in several diseases: oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia, chronic graft-versus-host disease Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune disorders such as SAPHO, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and genetic diseases like Down's Syndrome and Wilson disease. The results of research reported herein suggest that in the near future human saliva will be a relevant diagnostic fluid for clinical diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castagnola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. Rome, Italy
| | - E Scarano
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G C Passali
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - I Messana
- Life and Enviromental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, and Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. Rome, Italy
| | - T Cabras
- Life and Enviromental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Iavarone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Di Cintio
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Fiorita
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - E De Corso
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Paludetti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Salivary Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3921247. [PMID: 29721505 PMCID: PMC5867662 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3921247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc) is frequently detected at an advanced stage due to diagnosis difficulties. Salivary biomarkers, if existing, could be used for predictive diagnosis of this disease. Human saliva contains a large number of proteins that can be used for diagnosis and are of great potential in clinical research. The use of proteomic analysis to characterize whole saliva (WS) in SSc has gained an increasing attention in the last years and the identification of salivary proteins specific for SSc could lead to early diagnosis or new therapeutic targets. This review will present an overview about the use of WS in SSc studies. The proteomic technologies currently used for global identification of salivary proteins in SSc, as well as the advantages and limitations for the use of WS as a diagnostic tool, will be presented.
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Delimont NM, Fiorentino NM, Kimmel KA, Haub MD, Rosenkranz SK, Lindshield BL. Long-Term Dose-Response Condensed Tannin Supplementation Does Not Affect Iron Status or Bioavailability. Curr Dev Nutr 2017; 1:e001081. [PMID: 29955679 PMCID: PMC5998780 DOI: 10.3945/cdn.117.001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Repeated phytic acid consumption leads to iron absorption adaptation but, to the best of our knowledge, the impact of repeated tannin consumption has not yet been established. Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) may improve iron absorption by precipitating tannins. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of long-term, dose-response condensed tannin supplementation on iron bioavailability and status and to assess the effect of salivary proteins on iron bioavailability during prolonged condensed tannin consumption. A secondary objective was to assess astringency as a potential marker for adaptation to tannins and iron bioavailability. Methods: Eleven nonanemic women were enrolled in a double-blind 3-dose crossover trial. Three (1.5, 0.25, or 0.03 g) condensed tannin supplements were consumed 3 times/d for 4 wk in random order, with 2-wk washouts in between. Meal challenges were employed before and after supplementation to assess iron bioavailability, iron status, salivary PRP changes, and astringency. Results: Tannin supplementation in any dose did not change iron bioavailability at any dose (P > 0.82) from weeks 0 to 4. Hemoglobin (P = 0.126) and serum ferritin (P = 0.83) were unchanged by tannin dose from weeks 0 to 4. There were significant correlations among tannin supplementation and iron bioavailability, basic proline-rich proteins (bPRPs) (r = 0.366, P = 0.003), and cystatin production (r = 0.27, P = 0.03). Astringency ratings did not change significantly within or between tannin doses (P > 0.126), but there were negative relations among bPRP (r < -0.32, P < 0.21), cystatin production (r < -0.2, P < 0.28), and astringency ratings. Conclusions: Condensed tannin consumption did not affect iron bioavailability or status regardless of the supplementation period in premenopausal nonanemic women. Correlation analyses suggest that bPRPs and cystatins are associated with improved iron bioavailability and that lower ratings of astringency may predict improved iron absorption with repeated tannin consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Delimont
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Nicole M Fiorentino
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Katheryne A Kimmel
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Mark D Haub
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Brian L Lindshield
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Langie SAS, Moisse M, Declerck K, Koppen G, Godderis L, Vanden Berghe W, Drury S, De Boever P. Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121 Suppl 3:93-101. [PMID: 27901320 PMCID: PMC5644718 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Is it not more comfortable to spit saliva in a tube than to be pricked with a needle to draw blood to analyse your health and disease risk? Many patients, study participants and (parents of) young children undoubtedly prefer non-invasive and convenient procedures. Such procedures increase compliance rates especially for longitudinal prospective studies. Saliva is an attractive biofluid providing good quality DNA to study epigenetic mechanisms underlying disease across development. In this MiniReview, we will describe the different applications of saliva in the field of epigenetics, focusing on genomewide methylation analysis. Advantages of the use of saliva and its comparability with blood will be discussed, as will the challenges in data processing and interpretation. Knowledge gaps will be identified and suggestions given on how to improve the analysis, making saliva 'the' biofluid of choice for future biomarker initiatives in many different epidemiological and public health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A. S. Langie
- Environmental Risk and Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
- Faculty of SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | | | - Ken Declerck
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic SignalingDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Environmental Risk and Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre Environment & HealthDepartment of Public Health and Primary CareKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- IDEWEExternal Service for Prevention and Protection at WorkHeverleeBelgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic SignalingDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Stacy Drury
- The Brain InstituteTulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral ScienceTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Environmental Risk and Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
- Faculty of SciencesHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
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Safety, dosing, and pharmaceutical quality for studies that evaluate medicinal products (including biological products) in neonates. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:692-711. [PMID: 28248319 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study of medications among pediatric patients has increased worldwide since 1997 in response to new legislation and regulations, but these studies have not yet adequately addressed the therapeutic needs of neonates. Additionally, extant guidance developed by regulatory agencies worldwide does not fully address the specificities of neonatal drug development, especially among extremely premature newborns who currently survive. Consequently, an international consortium from Canada, Europe, Japan, and the United States was organized by the Critical Path Institute to address the content of guidance. This group included neonatologists, neonatal nurses, parents, regulators, ethicists, clinical pharmacologists, specialists in pharmacokinetics, specialists in clinical trials and pediatricians working in the pharmaceutical industry. This group has developed a comprehensive, referenced White Paper to guide neonatal clinical trials of medicines - particularly early phase studies. Key points include: the need to base product development on neonatal physiology and pharmacology while making the most of knowledge acquired in other settings; the central role of families in research; and the value of the whole neonatal team in the design, implementation and interpretation of studies. This White Paper should facilitate successful clinical trials of medicines in neonates by informing regulators, sponsors, and the neonatal community of existing good practice.
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Hassaneen M, Maron JL. Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics: Applicability, Translatability, and Limitations. Front Public Health 2017; 5:83. [PMID: 28473973 PMCID: PMC5397421 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, technological advances, combined with an improved appreciation of the ability of saliva to inform caregivers about both oral health and systemic disease, have led to the emergence of salivary diagnostic platforms. However, the majority of these assays have targeted diseases that more commonly affect the adult population, largely neglecting infants and children who arguably could benefit the most from non-invasive assessment tools for health monitoring. Gaining access into development, infection, and disease through comprehensive "omic" analyses of saliva could significantly improve care and enhance health access. In this review, we will highlight novel applications of salivary diagnostics in pediatrics across the "omic" spectrum, including at the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, microbiomic, and metabolomic level. The challenges to implementing salivary platforms into care, including the effects of age, diet, and developmental stage on salivary components, will be reviewed. Ultimately, large-scale, multicenter trials must be performed to establish normative biomarker values across the age spectrum to accurately discriminate between health and disease. Only then can salivary diagnostics truly translate into pediatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hassaneen
- Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill L. Maron
- Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Top-down HPLC-ESI-MS proteomic analysis of saliva of edentulous subjects evidenced high levels of cystatin A, cystatin B and SPRR3. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 77:68-74. [PMID: 28178587 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the salivary peptidome/proteome of edentulous subject with respect to dentate control subjects. DESIGN Unstimulated whole saliva, collected from 11 edentulous subjects (age 60-76 years) and 11 dentate age-matched control subjects, was immediately treated with 0.2% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid and the acidic soluble fraction analyzed by High Performace Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The relative abundance of the salivary peptides/proteins was determined by measuring the area of the High Performace Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry eXtracted Ion Current peaks which is linearly proportional to peptide/protein concentration under identical experimental conditions. Levels of salivary peptides/proteins in the two groups were compared by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test to evidence statistically significant differences. RESULTS Levels of cystatin A, S-glutathionylated, S-cystenylated, S-S dimer derivatives of cystatin B and S-glutathionylated derivative of SPRR3, were found significantly higher in edentulous subjects with respect to dentate controls. The major peptides and proteins typically deriving from salivary glands did not show any statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Cystatin A, S-glutathionylated, S-cystenylated, S-S dimer derivatives of cystatin B and S-glutathionylated derivative of SPRR3, which are mainly of intracellular origin and represent the major constituents of the cornified cell envelope are a clue of inflammation of mucosal epithelia.
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Ekström J, Khosravani N, Castagnola M, Messana I. Saliva and the Control of Its Secretion. Dysphagia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/174_2017_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Arba M, Iavarone F, Vincenzoni F, Manconi B, Vento G, Tirone C, Cabras T, Castagnola M, Messana I, Sanna MT. Proteomic characterization of the acid-insoluble fraction of whole saliva from preterm human newborns. J Proteomics 2016; 146:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Faa G, Messana I, Fanos V, Cabras T, Manconi B, Vento G, Iavarone F, Martelli C, Desiderio C, Castagnola M. Proteomics applied to pediatric medicine: opportunities and challenges. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:883-94. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1221764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sanna M, Firinu D, Manconi PE, Pisanu M, Murgia G, Piras V, Castagnola M, Messana I, del Giacco SR, Cabras T. The salivary proteome profile in patients affected by SAPHO syndrome characterized by a top-down RP-HPLC-ESI-MS platform. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:1552-62. [PMID: 25671558 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SAPHO syndrome is a rare and often unrecognized disease with prominent inflammatory cutaneous and articular symptoms characterized by musculoskeletal manifestations (synovitis, hyperostosis, osteomyelitis) associated with dermatological conditions (severe acne and pustulosis). The acidic soluble fraction of whole saliva from 10 adult women affected by SAPHO syndrome and from a group of 28 healthy women was analysed by RP-HPLC-ESI-MS with the aim of discovering salivary biomarkers of the disorder. The levels of the oral proteins and peptides were correlated with clinical data. The following proteins showed a significant decreased concentration in saliva of SAPHO subjects with respect to controls: cystatin S1 and SN, histatins, the major acidic PRPs, P-C and P-B peptides. The cystatin SN abundance lowered according to the disease duration and histatins showed positive correlations with the C reactive protein. Statistical analysis performed excluding one patient with a different pattern of salivary proteins/peptides highlighted a positive relationship between cystatin S1, histatins 3, histatin 5, and the neutrophil count. Moreover, histatin 3 correlated positively with the total white cell count and negatively with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Levels and frequency of S100A12 protein showed a trend to increase in SAPHO patients. The high expression of this pro-inflammatory protein is probably related to the inflammatory response and to the altered neutrophil responses to functional stimuli that characterize SAPHO syndrome suggesting a possible application as a salivary biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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Cabras T, Sanna M, Manconi B, Fanni D, Demelia L, Sorbello O, Iavarone F, Castagnola M, Faa G, Messana I. Proteomic investigation of whole saliva in Wilson's disease. J Proteomics 2015; 128:154-63. [PMID: 26254010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Wilson's disease is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism, manifesting hepatic, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Early diagnosis is often unfeasible and a unique diagnostic test is currently inapplicable. We performed the qualitative/quantitative characterization of the salivary proteome/peptidome of 32 Wilson's disease patients by an integrated top-down/bottom-up approach. Patients exhibited significant higher levels of S100A9 and S100A8 proteoforms, and their oxidized forms with respect to controls. Oxidation occurred on methionine and tryptophan residues, and on the unique cysteine residue, in position 42 in S100A8, and 3 in S100A9, that generated glutathionylated, cysteinylated, sulfinic, sulfonic, and disulfide dimeric forms. Wilson's disease patient saliva showed high levels of two new fragments of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, and of α-defensins 2 and 4. Overall, the salivary proteome of Wilson's disease patients reflected oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions characteristic of the pathology, highlighting differences that could be useful clues of disease exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Monica Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Department of Surgery Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Luigi Demelia
- Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", AOU, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Orazio Sorbello
- Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", AOU, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Rome, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Surgery Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato Campus 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Cabras T, Iavarone F, Martelli C, Delfino D, Rossetti DV, Inserra I, Manconi B, Desiderio C, Messana I, Hannappel E, Faa G, Castagnola M. High-resolution mass spectrometry for thymosins detection and characterization. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15 Suppl 1:S191-201. [PMID: 26095945 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1009887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterize β and α thymosins and their proteoforms in various tissues and bodily fluids by mass spectrometry and to look at their association with a wide variety of pathologies. METHODS A top-down proteomic platform based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to high-resolution LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) was applied to the characterization of naturally occurring peptides. RESULTS In addition to thymosin β4 (Tβ4) and β10 (Tβ10), several post-translational modifications of both these peptides were identified not only in bodily fluids but also in normal and pathological tissues of different origins. The analysis of tissue specimens allowed the characterization of different C-terminal truncated forms of Tβ4 and Tβ10 together with other proteolytic fragments. The sulfoxide derivative of both Tβ4 and Tβ10 and the acetylated derivatives at lysine residues of Tβ4 were also characterized. Different proteoforms of prothymosin α, parathymosin α, thymosin α1 and thymosin α11 together with diverse proteolytic fragments were identified too. CONCLUSION The clinical and prognostic significance and the origin of these proteoforms have to be deeply investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cabras
- Università di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente , Cagliari , Italy
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Messana I, Cabras T, Iavarone F, Manconi B, Huang L, Martelli C, Olianas A, Sanna MT, Pisano E, Sanna M, Arba M, D'Alessandro A, Desiderio C, Vitali A, Pirolli D, Tirone C, Lio A, Vento G, Romagnoli C, Cordaro M, Manni A, Gallenzi P, Fiorita A, Scarano E, Calò L, Passali GC, Picciotti PM, Paludetti G, Fanos V, Faa G, Castagnola M. Chrono-proteomics of human saliva: variations of the salivary proteome during human development. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1666-77. [PMID: 25761918 DOI: 10.1021/pr501270x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An important contribution to the variability of any proteome is given by the time dimension that should be carefully considered to define physiological modifications. To this purpose, whole saliva proteome was investigated in a wide age range. Whole saliva was collected from 17 preterm newborns with a postconceptional age at birth of 178-217 days. In these subjects sample collection was performed serially starting immediately after birth and within about 1 year follow-up, gathering a total of 111 specimens. Furthermore, whole saliva was collected from 182 subjects aged between 0 and 17 years and from 23 adults aged between 27 and 57 years. The naturally occurring intact salivary proteome of the 316 samples was analyzed by low- and high-resolution HPLC-ESI-MS platforms. Proteins peculiar of the adults appeared in saliva with different time courses during human development. Acidic proline-rich proteins encoded by PRH2 locus and glycosylated basic proline-rich proteins encoded by PRB3 locus appeared following 180 days of postconceptional age, followed at 7 months (±2 weeks) by histatin 1, statherin, and P-B peptide. The other histatins and acidic proline-rich proteins encoded by PRH1 locus appeared in whole saliva of babies from 1 to 3 weeks after the normal term of delivery, S-type cystatins appeared at 1 year (±3 months), and basic proline-rich proteins appeared at 4 years (±1 year) of age. All of the proteinases involved in the maturation of salivary proteins were more active in preterm than in at-term newborns, on the basis of the truncated forms detected. The activity of the Fam20C kinase, involved in the phosphorylation of various proteins, started around 180 days of postconceptional age, slowly increased reaching values comparable to adults at about 2 years (±6 months) of age. Instead, MAPK14 involved in the phosphorylation of S100A9 was fully active since birth also in preterm newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Messana
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Liling Huang
- ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Claudia Martelli
- ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pisano
- §Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Monica Sanna
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Morena Arba
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Alfredo D'Alessandro
- †Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- ∥Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitali
- ∥Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Davide Pirolli
- ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Chiara Tirone
- ⊥Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lio
- ⊥Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- ⊥Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Cordaro
- #Istituto di Clinica Odontostomatologica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Armando Manni
- #Istituto di Clinica Odontostomatologica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gallenzi
- #Istituto di Clinica Odontostomatologica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scarano
- ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Lea Calò
- ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | | | | | - Gaetano Paludetti
- ▽Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- §Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- §Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S. P. Monserrato Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- ‡Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy.,∥Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Roma 00168, Italy
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Top-down analytical platforms for the characterization of the human salivary proteome. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:563-81. [PMID: 24568357 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis and characterization of the human salivary proteome is an important step towards the possible use of saliva for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The contribution of the different sources to whole saliva, and the evaluation of individual variability and physiological modifications have been investigated by top-down proteomic approaches, disclosing the faceted and complex profile of the human salivary proteome. All this information is essential to develop saliva protein biomarkers. In this Review the major results obtained in the field by top-down platforms, and the improvements required to allow a more complete picture, will be discussed.
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Castagnola M, Uda F, Noto A, Fanos V, Faa G. The triple-I (interactive, intersectorial, interdisciplinary) approach to validate “omics” investigations on body fluids and tissues in perinatal medicine. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 27 Suppl 2:58-60. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.954807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Salivary protein profiles are linked to bitter taste acceptance in infants. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173:575-82. [PMID: 24248522 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-2216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Based on recent studies in adult subjects, saliva composition is increasingly considered as a physiological factor contributing to taste sensitivity or acceptance. In order to evaluate a possible link between salivary protein composition and taste acceptance in infants, 73 infants participated longitudinally in taste acceptance tests and donated saliva at the age at 3 and 6 months. Intake ratios, reflecting acceptance of a taste solution relative to water were calculated for the five basic tastes. Salivary proteins were separated by one-dimensional electrophoresis and bands were semi-quantified by image analysis. Partial least square (PLS) regression analyses were performed for each taste at both ages to explain intake ratios by band intensities. Bitterness acceptance in the younger infants was unique in the sense that salivary protein profiles could partly predict bitter taste acceptance. At that age, infants were on average indifferent to the 0.18-M urea solution, but great variability in acceptance was observed. The six bands considered as the best predictors for bitterness acceptance were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Higher abundance of bands containing secretory component, zinc-α-2-glycoprotein and carbonic anhydrase 6 was associated to a lower bitterness acceptance, while higher abundance of bands containing lactoperoxidase, prolactin-inducible protein and S-type cystatins was associated to a higher bitterness acceptance. In a second stage, S-type cystatin abundance was measured by Western blotting in order to tentatively confirm this particular finding in an independent group of 22 infants. Although not reaching statistical significance, probably due to a relatively small sample size, it was again observed that cystatin abundance was higher in infants accepting more readily the bitter solution over water. CONCLUSION saliva protein composition may contribute to bitter taste acceptance in the younger infants.
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Characterization of salivary proteins of schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients by top-down proteomics. J Proteomics 2014; 103:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rossetti DV, Martelli C, Longhi R, Iavarone F, Castagnola M, Desiderio C. Quantitative analysis of thymosin β4 in whole saliva by capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry using multiple ions monitoring (CE-MIM-MS.). Electrophoresis 2014; 34:2674-82. [PMID: 23857244 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a peptide present in almost any tissue and in extracellular media in mammals, having multiple amazing functions as wound healing, stimulation of angiogenesis, and suppression of inflammation. This study describes its determination in saliva through CE-MS using multiple ions monitoring scan mode by isolating the four most intense multicharged ions present in the MS spectra of the peptide. This scan modality, by reducing the baseline noise and interferences, increases the sensitivity and specificity in biological matrices. The CE-MS separation was optimized by studying different parameters influencing CE analysis, sample injection, and MS ionization, that is, the nebulizer gas flow, the sheath liquid, and BGE composition. The proposed technique can unambiguously identify in short time Tβ4 in saliva after a very fast and reduced sample pretreatment procedure. The method was validated for quantitation showing linearity of the response in the range 0.25 (lower limit of quantification) to 4 μM (average R2 0.996 ± 0.005) and intra- and interassay precision and accuracy at three different concentrations with RSD values in the range of 7–16%. It was successfully applied to the analysis of Tβ4 in whole saliva showing a variable peptide content from individual to individual (in the range of 0.3–1.4 μM) and in different days from the same individual. CE-MS in multiple ions monitoring scan mode provides a fast, selective, and economic method requiring only very few microliters of sample.
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Great expectorations: the potential of salivary 'omic' approaches in neonatal intensive care. J Perinatol 2014; 34:169-73. [PMID: 24406743 PMCID: PMC3962691 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2013.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among those that require critical care, preterm neonates have the greatest limitations on available blood or body fluids for clinical or research-based assessments. Recent technological advancements have improved our ability to detect genetic, proteomic and microbial material at the nanoscale level, making analyte and biomarker assessment from even the smallest quantities possible. Saliva is a unique body fluid that not only may be noninvasively and repeatedly obtained, but also contains multiple serum components, making it promising for noninvasive assessment of the newborn. The integration of high-throughput or 'omic' approaches on neonatal saliva holds great potential to improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy for a wide range of developmental and pathological conditions affecting the vulnerable preterm neonatal population. Herein, we review the clinical applications and technical considerations regarding the integration of salivary 'omic' technology into the neonatal intensive care unit.
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Vitorino R, Ferreira R, Caseiro A, Amado F. Salivary Peptidomics Targeting Clinical Applications. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62650-9.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Guzman YA, Sakellari D, Arsenakis M, Floudas CA. Proteomics for the discovery of biomarkers and diagnosis of periodontitis: a critical review. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 11:31-41. [PMID: 24308552 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.864953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic and destructive disease whose pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. Due to their sensitivity and global scale, proteomics studies offer the opportunity to uncover critical host and pathogen activity indicators and can elucidate clinically applicable biomarkers for improved diagnosis and treatment of the disease. This review summarizes the literature of proteomics studies on periodontitis and comprehensively discusses commonly found candidate biomarkers. Key considerations in the design of an experimental proteomics platform are also outlined. The applicability of protein biomarkers across the progression of periodontitis and unexplored areas of research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis A Guzman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Modifications of the acidic soluble salivary proteome in human children from birth to the age of 48months investigated by a top-down HPLC–ESI–MS platform. J Proteomics 2013; 91:536-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Association of high levels of α-defensins and S100A proteins with Candida mannan detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of preterm neonates. Pediatr Res 2013; 74:19-25. [PMID: 23575874 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida mannan (Mn) detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was shown to be useful for earlier identification and preemptive therapy targeting in preterm infants at high risk of invasive Candida infection. We investigated whether early detection of Candida Mn in BALF is associated with the presence of some neutrophilic products, as markers of prenatal infection/inflammation. METHODS BALF specimens were collected during the first 48 h of life from mechanically ventilated preterm newborns. Samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. The relative amounts of α-defensins 1-4 and S100A proteins were measured by extracted ion current peak area. Absolute and differential white cell counts in BALF were obtained. Mn antigen concentrations were determined by the Platelia Candida antigen kit. RESULTS Twenty-five studied neonates were divided into two groups: Mn-positive group and Mn-negative group. Levels of α-defensins 1-4 and S100A12 were significantly higher in the Mn-positive group than in the Mn-negative group. Moreover, positive significant correlations between the absolute number of neutrophils and the levels of α-defensins 1-4 and S100A8 were observed. CONCLUSION The detection of Mn antigen in BALF of preterm infants is consistent with evidence of an innate immune response in their lungs as demonstrated by higher levels of α-defensins and S100A proteins.
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OralCard: A bioinformatic tool for the study of oral proteome. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:762-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Purification and characterization of the human cysteine-rich S100A3 protein and its pseudo citrullinated forms expressed in insect cells. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 963:73-86. [PMID: 23296605 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-230-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
High quantity and quality of recombinant Ca(2+)-binding proteins are required to study their molecular interactions, self-assembly, posttranslational modifications, and biological activities to elucidate Ca(2+)-dependent cellular signaling pathways. S100A3 is a unique member of the S100 protein family with the highest cysteine content (10%). This protein, derived from human hair follicles and cuticles, is characterized by an N-terminal acetyl group and irreversible posttranslational citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminase causing its homotetramer assembly. Insect cells, capable of introducing eukaryotic N-terminus and disulfide bonds, are an appropriate host in which to express this cysteine-rich protein. Four out of ten cysteines in the recombinant S100A3 form two intramolecular disulfide bridges that modulate its Ca(2+)-affinity. Three free thiol groups located at the C-terminus are predicted to form the high-affinity Zn(2+)-binding site. Citrullination of specific arginine residues in native S100A3 can be mimicked by site-directed mutagenic substitution of Arg/Ala. This chapter details our procedures used for the purification and characterization of the human S100A3 protein and its pseudo citrullinated forms expressed in insect cells.
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Desiderio C, Martelli C, Rossetti DV, Di Rocco C, D'Angelo L, Caldarelli M, Tamburrini G, Iavarone F, Castagnola M, Messana I, Cabras T, Faa G. Identification of thymosins β4 and β 10 in paediatric craniopharyngioma cystic fluid. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:951-60. [PMID: 23503632 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma is the third most recurrent paediatric brain tumour. Although histologically benign, it behaves aggressively as a malignant tumour due to invasion of the hypothalamus and visual pathways. Surgery is still the first and almost the only mode of treatment, although serious damage can occur as a consequence of tumour localization. The proteomic characterization of the intracystic tumoural fluid could contribute to the comprehension of the tumorigenesis processes and to the development of therapeutic targets to reduce cyst volume, allowing less invasive surgery and/or delay of the radical resection of the tumour mass and the collateral serious effects. METHODS Intracystic fluid was analysed by a LC-ESI-IT-MS top-down platform after acidification, deproteinization and chloroform liquid/liquid extraction. FINDINGS Thymosin β4 and β10 peptides were for the first time identified in the intracystic fluid of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma by low- and high-resolution MS analysis coupled with LC. The two peptides showed the same distribution trend in the analysed samples. Thymosin β4 and β10 were present in 77 % of the analysed samples. These peptides were not found in the cerebrospinal fluid available for two patients. INTERPRETATION The presence of β-thymosins in the intracystic fluid of the tumour confirmed the secretion of these proteins in the extracellular environment. Due to their G-actin-sequestering activity and antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, these peptides could be strictly involved in both tumour progression and cyst development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Desiderio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Rome, Italy.
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