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Tryptophan Metabolites Regulate Neuropentraxin 1 Expression in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042369. [PMID: 35216489 PMCID: PMC8874566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in animal models of CKD, the transcription factor Aryl Hydrocabon Receptor (AhR) is overactivated. In addition to the canonical AhR targets constituting the AhR signature, numerous other genes are regulated by this factor. We identified neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) as a new AhR target. Belonging to the inflammatory protein family, NPTX1 seems of prime interest regarding the inflammatory state observed in CKD. Endothelial cells were exposed to tryptophan-derived toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The adenine mouse model of CKD was used to analyze NPTX1 expression in the burden of uremia. NPTX1 expression was quantified by RT-PCR and western blot. AhR involvement was analyzed using silencing RNA. We found that IS and IAA upregulated NPTX1 expression in an AhR-dependent way. Furthermore, this effect was not restricted to uremic indolic toxins since the dioxin 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the tryptophan photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) do the same. In CKD mice, NPTX1 expression was increased in the aorta. Therefore, NPTX1 is a new target of AhR and further work is necessary to elucidate its exact role during CKD.
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Integrative structural modelling and visualisation of a cellular organelle. QRB DISCOVERY 2022. [PMID: 37529283 PMCID: PMC10392685 DOI: 10.1017/qrd.2022.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Models of insulin secretory vesicles from pancreatic beta cells have been created using the cellPACK suite of tools to research, curate, construct and visualise the current state of knowledge. The model integrates experimental information from proteomics, structural biology, cryoelectron microscopy and X-ray tomography, and is used to generate models of mature and immature vesicles. A new method was developed to generate a confidence score that reconciles inconsistencies between three available proteomes using expert annotations of cellular localisation. The models are used to simulate soft X-ray tomograms, allowing quantification of features that are observed in experimental tomograms, and in turn, allowing interpretation of X-ray tomograms at the molecular level.
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Du X, Yu L, Yang L, Cao D, Zhang Y. [Expression and Diagnostic Value of NPTX1 in Thymoma Patients]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 24:1-6. [PMID: 33478183 PMCID: PMC7849031 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of anterior mediastinal. However, there are no specific laboratory indicator for the diagnosis the diagnosis of thymoma. The aim of this study was to screen out a tumor marker for diagnosis of thymoma by mRNA microarray analysis and confirmed it. METHODS By mRNA microarray analysis of 31 thymomas and peritumoral thymic tissues, we found that the transcription level of neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) gene was up-regulated more than 4 times in thymomas. To further verify the above results, we detected the transcription and expression level of NPTX1 in 60 thymoma and 30 thymic cyst patients by quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, the diagnostic value of NPTX1 in thymoma by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was analyzed. RESULTS The transcription level of NPTX1 mRNA in thymoma tissues was significantly higher than that in the thymic tissues of control group [(2.88±1.02) vs (1.35±0.47), P<0.001); The expression level of NPTX1 in thymoma tissues was significantly higher than that in the thymic tissues of control group (2 vs 1, P<0.001); The preoperative serum level of NPTX1 protein in thymoma patients were significantly higher than that in the thymic cyst patients of control group [(1,018.29±209.38) pg/mL vs (759.95±66.02) pg/mL, P<0.001]; At the threshold of 842.22 pg/mL, sensitivity and specificity of NPTX1 as a serologic marker were 85.00% and 93.33%, respectively for thymoma. ROC showed that the area the under curve (AUC) of NPTX1 was 0.902. CONCLUSIONS NPTX1 was highly expressed in thymoma patients, and had diagnostic value for thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dingfang Cao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tongren Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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Zhang K, Zhang Y, Chen C, Yuan Y, Jiang X, Yuan X, Wang Y. miR-139-5p mediates the palmitate-induced inhibition of insulin secretion by targeting neuronal pentraxin 1 in INS-1 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1017-1026. [PMID: 34142698 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High fatty acid reduces insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells and miR-139-5p is increased in diabetic pancreatic tissues and induces islet β-cell apoptosis. However, to date, there is no study exploring whether or not miR-139-5p is involved in high fatty acid-induced insulin secretion. In the present study, INS-1 cells were exposed to different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mM) of palmitate for different time periods (12, 24, and 48 h). The expression levels of miR-139-5p and neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The regulation of NPTX1 by miR-139-5p was examined by luciferase assay. Cell transfection was conducted using Lipo8000 or Lipofectamine RNAiMAX. Potassium or glucose-stimulated insulin secretion levels were used to verify the function of miR-139-5p or NPTX1 in insulin secretion. Insulin secretion levels were detected by radioimmunoassay. We found that miR-139-5p was increased in INS-1 cells stimulated with palmitate. In addition, miR-139-5p was also elevated in islets of high-fat diet-fed mice and db/db mice compared to those in islets of normal diet-fed mice and wild-type mice. Knockdown of miR-139-5p could reverse high fatty acid-induced insulin secretion defects in INS-1 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NPTX1 is a target of miR-139-5p. miR-139-5p mediated palmitate-induced insulin secretion defects by targeting NPTX1. Moreover, palmitate treatment declined the expression of NPTX1 and the NPTX1 expression was also decreased in islets of high-fat diet-fed mice and db/db mice. Impaired NPTX1 expression is involved in fatty acid-induced insulin secretion defects. Collectively, our results illustrate that the induction of β-cell insulin secretion defects by fatty acids is mediated, at least in part, by miR-139-5p via downregulation of NPTX1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuexing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaotian Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangjiang Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Lan MY, Hsu YB, Lan MC, Chen JP, Lu YJ. Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Graphene Oxide Loaded with Erlotinib as an Effective Therapeutic Agent for Treating Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7569-7582. [PMID: 33116488 PMCID: PMC7548234 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s265437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer in southern China and Taiwan, and radiation therapy combined with or without chemotherapy is its mainstay treatment. Although it is highly sensitive to radiotherapy, local recurrence and distant metastasis remain difficult unsolved problems. In recent years, graphene oxide (GO) has been found to be a promising novel anticancer drug carrier. Here, we present our designed functionalized GO, polyethylene glycol-coated GO (GO-PEG), as a drug carrier, which was loaded with erlotinib and showed promising anticancer effects on NPC cells. Methods The effects of GO-PEG-erlotinib on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells were investigated by WST-8 assay, wound healing assay, and invasion assay, respectively. RNA sequencing was conducted and analyzed to determine the molecular mechanisms by which GO-PEG-erlotinib affects NPC cells. Results Our results showed that GO-PEG-erlotinib reduced NPC cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and also inhibited the migration and invasion of NPC cells. The RNA sequencing revealed several related molecular mechanisms. Conclusion GO-PEG-erlotinib effectively suppressed NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, likely by several mechanisms. GO-PEG-erlotinib may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating NPC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ying Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Bin Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkuo Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Quantitative Proteomics Evaluation of Human Multipotent Stromal Cell for β Cell Regeneration. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2524-2536.e4. [PMID: 30485817 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human multipotent stromal cells (hMSCs) are one of the most versatile cell types used in regenerative medicine due to their ability to respond to injury. In the context of diabetes, it has been previously shown that the regenerative capacity of hMSCs is donor specific after transplantation into streptozotocin (STZ)-treated immunodeficient mice. However, in vivo transplantation models to determine regenerative potency of hMSCs are lengthy, costly, and low throughput. Therefore, a high-throughput quantitative proteomics assay was developed to screen β cell regenerative potency of donor-derived hMSC lines. Using proteomics, we identified 16 proteins within hMSC conditioned media that effectively identify β cell regenerative hMSCs. This protein signature was validated using human islet culture assay, ELISA, and the potency was confirmed by recovery of hyperglycemia in STZ-treated mice. Herein, we demonstrated that quantitative proteomics can determine sample-specific protein signatures that can be used to classify previously uncharacterized hMSC lines for β cell regenerative clinical applications.
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As a downstream target of the AKT pathway, NPTX1 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181662. [PMID: 31113871 PMCID: PMC6549097 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is correlated with a poor prognosis and high mortality worldwide. Neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) has been reported to play an oncogenic role in several types of tumors. However, its expression and function in HCC is not yet fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of NPTX1 in HCC and the underlying mechanisms. We observed that the expression of NPTX1 was decreased significantly in HCC and was associated with tumor size and metastasis in patients. Gain-of-function approaches revealed that NPTX1 suppressed the growth ability of HCC cells and contributed to mitochondria- related apoptosis. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations showed that the AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase) pathway can regulate the effects of NPTX1 in HCC cells. After blocking the AKT pathway, the action of NPTX1 was greatly increased. In summary, we demonstrated that NPTX1 inhibited growth and promoted apoptosis in HCC via an AKT-mediated signaling mechanism. These findings indicate that NPTX1 is a potential clinical therapeutic target.
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8
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Peng X, Pan K, Zhao W, Zhang J, Yuan S, Wen X, Zhou W, Yu Z. NPTX1 inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation through down-regulating cyclin A2 and CDK2 expression. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:589-597. [PMID: 29345391 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Peng
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Kangming Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhu Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Yuan
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Wenquan Zhou
- Department of Pathology; Huizhou First Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital; Huizhou People's Republic of China
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9
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Li J, Li Q, Tang J, Xia F, Wu J, Zeng R. Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Revealed Glucose-Stimulated Responses of Islet Associated with Insulin Secretion. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4635-46. [PMID: 26437020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As central tissue of glucose homeostasis, islet has been an important focus of diabetes research. Phosphorylation plays pivotal roles in islet function, especially in islet glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. A systematic view on how phosphorylation networks were coordinately regulated in this process remains lacking, partially due to the limited amount of islets from an individual for a phosphoproteomic analysis. Here we optimized the in-tip and best-ratio phosphopeptide enrichment strategy and a SILAC-based workflow for processing rat islet samples. With limited islet lysates from each individual rat (20-47 μg), we identified 8539 phosphosites on 2487 proteins. Subsequent quantitative analyses uncovered that short-term (30 min) high glucose stimulation induced coordinate responses of islet phosphoproteome on multiple biological levels, including insulin secretion related pathways, cytoskeleton dynamics, protein processing in ER and Golgi, transcription and translation, and so on. Furthermore, three glucose-responsive phosphosites (Prkar1a pT75pS77 and Tagln2 pS163) from the data set were proved to be correlated with insulin secretion. Overall, we initially gave an in-depth map of islet phosphoproteome regulated by glucose on individual rat level. This was a significant addition to our knowledge about how phosphorylation networks responded in insulin secretion. Also, the list of changed phosphosites was a valuable resource for molecular researchers in diabetes field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qingrun Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiashu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fangying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Life Sciences, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Institutes for Advanced Study, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 99 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Life Sciences, ShanghaiTech University , 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Institutes for Advanced Study, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 99 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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10
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Chen X, Wei S, Ji Y, Guo X, Yang F. Quantitative proteomics using SILAC: Principles, applications, and developments. Proteomics 2015; 15:3175-92. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals and Laboratory of Proteomics; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wei
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals and Laboratory of Proteomics; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals and Laboratory of Proteomics; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals and Laboratory of Proteomics; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals and Laboratory of Proteomics; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
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11
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Botlagunta M. Neuronal pentraxin 1 expression is regulated by hypoxia inducible factor-1α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:662-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Chen X, Cui Z, Wei S, Hou J, Xie Z, Peng X, Li J, Cai T, Hang H, Yang F. Chronic high glucose induced INS-1β cell mitochondrial dysfunction: a comparative mitochondrial proteome with SILAC. Proteomics 2014; 13:3030-9. [PMID: 23956156 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of pancreatic β cell is triggered and promoted by the metabolic messengers derived from mitochondria, mitochondria take a central stage in the normal function of β cells. β cells in diabetics were chronically exposed to hyperglycemia stimulation, which have been reported to exert deleterious effects on β-cell mitochondria. However, the mechanism of the toxic effects of hyperglycemia on β-cell mitochondria was not clear. In this study, we characterized the biological functional changes of rat INS-1β cells and their mitochondria with chronic exposure to hyperglycemia and created a research model of chronic hyperglycemia-induced dysfunctional β cells with damaged mitochondria. Then, SILAC-based quantitative proteomic approach was used to compare the mitochondrial protein expression from high glucose treated INS-1β cells and control cells. The expression of some mitochondrial proteins was found with significant changes. Functional classification revealed most of these proteins were related with oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial protein biosynthesis, substances metabolism, transport, and cell death. These results presented some useful information about the effect of glucotoxicity on the β-cell mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Chen
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW β Cells represent one of many cell types in heterogeneous pancreatic islets and play the central role in maintaining glucose homeostasis, such that disrupting β-cell function leads to diabetes. This review summarizes the methods for isolating and characterizing β cells, and describes integrated 'omics' approaches used to define the β cell by its transcriptome and proteome. RECENT FINDINGS RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based protein identification have now identified RNA and protein profiles for mouse and human pancreatic islets and β cells, and for β-cell lines. Recent publications have outlined these profiles and, more importantly, have begun to assign the presence or absence of specific genes and regulatory molecules to β-cell function and dysfunction. Overall, researchers have focused on understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes by connecting genome, transcriptome, proteome, and regulatory RNA profiles with findings from genome-wide association studies. SUMMARY Studies employing these relatively new techniques promise to identify specific genes or regulatory RNAs with altered expression as β-cell function begins to deteriorate in the spiral toward the development of diabetes. The ultimate goal is to identify the potential therapeutic targets to prevent β-cell dysfunction and thereby better treat the individual with diabetes. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COE/A5.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Blodgett
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Tattikota SG, Sury MD, Rathjen T, Wessels HH, Pandey AK, You X, Becker C, Chen W, Selbach M, Poy MN. Argonaute2 regulates the pancreatic β-cell secretome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1214-25. [PMID: 23358505 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.024786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Argonaute2 (Ago2) is an established component of the microRNA-induced silencing complex. Similar to miR-375 loss-of-function studies, inhibition of Ago2 in the pancreatic β-cell resulted in enhanced insulin release underlining the relationship between these two genes. Moreover, as the most abundant microRNA in pancreatic endocrine cells, miR-375 was also observed to be enriched in Ago2-associated complexes. Both Ago2 and miR-375 regulate the pancreatic β-cell secretome, and by using quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified the enhanced release of a set of proteins or secretion "signatures " in response to a glucose stimulus using the murine β-cell line MIN6. In addition, the loss of Ago2 resulted in the increased expression of miR-375 target genes, including gephyrin and ywhaz. These targets positively contribute to exocytosis indicating they may mediate the functional role of both miR-375 and Ago proteins in the pancreatic β-cell by influencing the secretory pathway. This study specifically addresses the role of Ago2 in the systemic release of proteins from β-cells and highlights the contribution of the microRNA pathway to the function of this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir G Tattikota
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert Rössle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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15
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The Human Diabetes Proteome Project (HDPP): From network biology to targets for therapies and prevention. TRANSLATIONAL PROTEOMICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trprot.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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