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Krzemień P, Kasperczyk S, Banach M, Kasperczyk A, Dobrakowski M, Tomasik T, Windak A, Mastej M, Catapano A, Ray KK, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Howard G, Lip GYH, Tomaszewski M, Charchar FJ, Sattar N, Williams B, MacDonald TM, Penson PE, Jóźwiak JJ. Relationship Between Anti-DFS70 Autoantibodies and Oxidative Stress. Biomark Insights 2022; 17:11772719211066791. [PMID: 35125863 PMCID: PMC8808033 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211066791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-DFS70 autoantibodies are one of the most commonly and widely described agent of unknown clinical significance, frequently detected in healthy individuals. It is not known whether the DFS70 autoantibodies are protective or pathogenic. One of the factors suspected of inducing the formation of anti-DFS70 antibodies is increased oxidative stress. We evaluated the coexistence of anti-DFS70 antibodies with selected markers of oxidative stress and investigated whether these antibodies could be considered as indirect markers of oxidative stress. METHODS The intensity of oxidative stress was measured in all samples via indices of free-radical damage to lipids and proteins such as total oxidant status (TOS), concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), lipofuscin (LPS), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The parameters of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system, such as total antioxidant status (TAS) and uric acid concentration (UA), were also measured, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Based on TOS and TAS values, the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. All samples were also tested with indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and 357 samples were selected for direct monospecific anti DFS70 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. RESULTS The anti-DFS70 antibodies were confirmed by ELISA test in 21.29% of samples. Compared with anti-DFS70 negative samples we observed 23% lower concentration of LPH (P = .038) and 11% lower concentration of UA (P = .005). TOS was 20% lower (P = .014). The activity of SOD was up to 5% higher (P = .037). The Pearson correlation showed weak negative correlation for LPH, UA, and TOS and a weak positive correlation for SOD activity. CONCLUSION In samples positive for the anti-DFS70 antibody a decreased level of oxidative stress was observed, especially in the case of samples with a high antibody titer. Anti-DFS70 antibodies can be considered as an indirect marker of reduced oxidative stress or a marker indicating the recent intensification of antioxidant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Windak
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Alberico Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano and Multimedica IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Kausik K Ray
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Imperial College, Kensington, London, UK
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter P Toth
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory YH Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bryan Williams
- NIHR University College London Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas M MacDonald
- MEMO Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Peter E Penson
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jacek J Jóźwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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Liu C, Wu T, Shu X, Li S, Wang DR, Wang N, Zhou R, Yang H, Jiang H, Hendriks IA, Gong P, Zhang L, Nielsen ML, Li K, Wang L, Yang B. Identification of Protein Direct Interactome with Genetic Code Expansion and Search Engine OpenUaa. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000308. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision Medicine School of Medicine and Engineering Beihang University and Key Laboratory of Big Data‐Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Beijing 100191 China
| | - Ting Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xin Shu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Shang‐Tong Li
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research Tsinghua University and National Institute of Biological Science (NIBS) Beijing 102206 China
| | - Daniel R. Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and The Cardiovascular Research Institute University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Nanxi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and The Cardiovascular Research Institute University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Hao Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision Medicine School of Medicine and Engineering Beihang University and Key Laboratory of Big Data‐Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Beijing 100191 China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003 China
| | - Ivo A. Hendriks
- Proteomics Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Pengyun Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision Medicine School of Medicine and Engineering Beihang University and Key Laboratory of Big Data‐Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Beijing 100191 China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Michael L. Nielsen
- Proteomics Program Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Kui Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and The Cardiovascular Research Institute University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Bing Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection and Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
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3
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Fallini C, Khalil B, Smith CL, Rossoll W. Traffic jam at the nuclear pore: All roads lead to nucleocytoplasmic transport defects in ALS/FTD. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104835. [PMID: 32179176 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal late-onset neurodegenerative disease that specifically affects the function and survival of spinal and cortical motor neurons. ALS shares many genetic, clinical, and pathological characteristics with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and these diseases are now recognized as presentations of a disease spectrum known as ALS/FTD. The molecular determinants of neuronal loss in ALS/FTD are still debated, but the recent discovery of nucleocytoplasmic transport defects as a common denominator of most if not all forms of ALS/FTD has dramatically changed our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of this disease. Loss of nuclear pores and nucleoporin aggregation, altered nuclear morphology, and impaired nuclear transport are some of the most prominent features that have been identified using a variety of animal, cellular, and human models of disease. Here, we review the experimental evidence linking nucleocytoplasmic transport defects to the pathogenesis of ALS/FTD and propose a unifying view on how these defects may lead to a vicious cycle that eventually causes neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fallini
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Bilal Khalil
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Courtney L Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Ortiz-Hernandez GL, Sanchez-Hernandez ES, Casiano CA. Twenty years of research on the DFS70/LEDGF autoantibody-autoantigen system: many lessons learned but still many questions. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2020; 11:3. [PMID: 32127038 PMCID: PMC7065333 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-020-0126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and initial characterization 20 years ago of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) presenting a dense fine speckled (DFS) nuclear pattern with strong staining of mitotic chromosomes, detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay in HEp-2 cells (HEp-2 IIFA test), has transformed our view on ANAs. Traditionally, ANAs have been considered as reporters of abnormal immunological events associated with the onset and progression of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), also called ANA-associated rheumatic diseases (AARD), as well as clinical biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of these diseases. However, based on our current knowledge, it is not apparent that autoantibodies presenting the DFS IIF pattern fall into these categories. These antibodies invariably target a chromatin-associated protein designated as dense fine speckled protein of 70 kD (DFS70), also known as lens epithelium-derived growth factor protein of 75 kD (LEDGF/p75) and PC4 and SFRS1 Interacting protein 1 (PSIP1). This multi-functional protein, hereafter referred to as DFS70/LEDGF, plays important roles in the formation of transcription complexes in active chromatin, transcriptional activation of specific genes, regulation of mRNA splicing, DNA repair, and cellular survival against stress. Due to its multiple functions, it has emerged as a key protein contributing to several human pathologies, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), leukemia, cancer, ocular diseases, and Rett syndrome. Unlike other ANAs, "monospecific" anti-DFS70/LEDGF autoantibodies (only detectable ANA in serum) are not associated with SARD and have been detected in healthy individuals and some patients with non-SARD inflammatory conditions. These observations have led to the hypotheses that these antibodies could be considered as negative biomarkers of SARD and might even play a protective or beneficial role. In spite of 20 years of research on this autoantibody-autoantigen system, its biological and clinical significance still remains enigmatic. Here we review the current state of knowledge of this system, focusing on the lessons learned and posing emerging questions that await further scrutiny as we continue our quest to unravel its significance and potential clinical and therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greisha L Ortiz-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Evelyn S Sanchez-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA. .,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA. .,Department of Medicine/Division of Rheumatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA.
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5
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Interleukin 4 is inactivated via selective disulfide-bond reduction by extracellular thioredoxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8781-8786. [PMID: 30104382 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805288115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin 1 (TRX), an essential intracellular redox regulator, is also secreted by mammalian cells. Recently, we showed that TRX activates extracellular transglutaminase 2 via reduction of an allosteric disulfide bond. In an effort to identify other extracellular substrates of TRX, macrophages derived from THP-1 cells were treated with NP161, a small-molecule inhibitor of secreted TRX. NP161 enhanced cytokine outputs of alternatively activated macrophages, suggesting that extracellular TRX regulated the activity of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and/or interleukin 13 (IL-13). To test this hypothesis, the C35S mutant of human TRX was shown to form a mixed disulfide bond with recombinant IL-4 but not IL-13. Kinetic analysis revealed a kcat/KM value of 8.1 μM-1⋅min-1 for TRX-mediated recognition of IL-4, which established this cytokine as the most selective partner of extracellular TRX to date. Mass spectrometry identified the C46-C99 bond of IL-4 as the target of TRX, consistent with the essential role of this disulfide bond in IL-4 activity. To demonstrate the physiological relevance of our biochemical findings, recombinant TRX was shown to attenuate IL-4-dependent proliferation of cultured TF-1 erythroleukemia cells and also to inhibit the progression of chronic pancreatitis in an IL-4-driven mouse model of this disease. By establishing that IL-4 is posttranslationally regulated by TRX-promoted reduction of a disulfide bond, our findings highlight a novel regulatory mechanism of the type 2 immune response that is specific to IL-4 over IL-13.
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6
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Hammerling BC, Shires SE, Leon LJ, Cortez MQ, Gustafsson ÅB. Isolation of Rab5-positive endosomes reveals a new mitochondrial degradation pathway utilized by BNIP3 and Parkin. Small GTPases 2017; 11:69-76. [PMID: 28696827 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1342749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Degradation of mitochondria is an important cellular quality control mechanism mediated by two distinct pathways: one involving Parkin-mediated ubiquitination and the other dependent on mitophagy receptors. It is known that mitochondria are degraded by the autophagy pathway; however, we recently reported that the small GTPase Rab5 and early endosomes also participate in Parkin-mediated mitochondrial clearance. Here, we have developed a protocol to isolate Rab5-positive vesicles from cells for proteomics analysis and provide additional data confirming that mitophagy regulators and mitochondrial proteins are present in these vesicles. We also demonstrate that the mitophagy receptor BNIP3 utilizes the Rab5-endosomal pathway to clear mitochondria in cells. These findings indicate that a redundancy exists in the downstream degradation pathways to ensure efficient mitochondrial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette C Hammerling
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Shires
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leonardo J Leon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Q Cortez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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7
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Pérez-Pérez ME, Mauriès A, Maes A, Tourasse NJ, Hamon M, Lemaire SD, Marchand CH. The Deep Thioredoxome in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: New Insights into Redox Regulation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1107-1125. [PMID: 28739495 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-based redox post-translational modifications have emerged as important mechanisms of signaling and regulation in all organisms, and thioredoxin plays a key role by controlling the thiol-disulfide status of target proteins. Recent redox proteomic studies revealed hundreds of proteins regulated by glutathionylation and nitrosylation in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while much less is known about the thioredoxin interactome in this organism. By combining qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses, we have comprehensively investigated the Chlamydomonas thioredoxome and 1188 targets have been identified. They participate in a wide range of metabolic pathways and cellular processes. This study broadens not only the redox regulation to new enzymes involved in well-known thioredoxin-regulated metabolic pathways but also sheds light on cellular processes for which data supporting redox regulation are scarce (aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, nuclear transport, etc). Moreover, we characterized 1052 thioredoxin-dependent regulatory sites and showed that these data constitute a valuable resource for future functional studies in Chlamydomonas. By comparing this thioredoxome with proteomic data for glutathionylation and nitrosylation at the protein and cysteine levels, this work confirms the existence of a complex redox regulation network in Chlamydomonas and provides evidence of a tremendous selectivity of redox post-translational modifications for specific cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Esther Pérez-Pérez
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adeline Mauriès
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Maes
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas J Tourasse
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Hamon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Plateforme de Protéomique, FRC550, CNRS, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
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Nagarajan N, Oka S, Sadoshima J. Modulation of signaling mechanisms in the heart by thioredoxin 1. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:125-131. [PMID: 27993729 PMCID: PMC5462876 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and heart failure are the major cardiac conditions in which an imbalance between oxidative stress and anti-oxidant mechanisms is observed. The myocardium has endogenous reducing mechanisms, including the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione systems, that act to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce oxidized proteins. The Trx system consists of Trx, Trx reductase (TrxR), and an electron donor, NADPH, where Trx is maintained in a reduced state in the presence of TrxR and NADPH. Trx1, a major isoform of Trx, is abundantly expressed in the heart and exerts its oxidoreductase activity through conserved Cys32 and Cys35, reducing oxidized proteins through thiol disulfide exchange reactions. In this review, we will focus on molecular targets of Trx1 in the heart, including transcription factors, microRNAs, histone deactylases, and protein kinases. We will then discuss how Trx1 regulates the functions of its targets, thereby affecting the extent of myocardial injury caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayani Nagarajan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Shinichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Plugis NM, Palanski BA, Weng CH, Albertelli M, Khosla C. Thioredoxin-1 Selectively Activates Transglutaminase 2 in the Extracellular Matrix of the Small Intestine: IMPLICATIONS FOR CELIAC DISEASE. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2000-2008. [PMID: 28003361 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.767988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) catalyzes transamidation or deamidation of its substrates and is ordinarily maintained in a catalytically inactive state in the intestine and other organs. Aberrant TG2 activity is thought to play a role in celiac disease, suggesting that a better understanding of TG2 regulation could help to elucidate the mechanistic basis of this malady. Structural and biochemical analysis has led to the hypothesis that extracellular TG2 activation involves reduction of an allosteric disulfide bond by thioredoxin-1 (TRX), but cellular and in vivo evidence for this proposal is lacking. To test the physiological relevance of this hypothesis, we first showed that macrophages exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli released TRX in sufficient quantities to activate their extracellular pools of TG2. By using the C35S mutant of TRX, which formed a metastable mixed disulfide bond with TG2, we demonstrated that these proteins specifically recognized each other in the extracellular matrix of fibroblasts. When injected into mice and visualized with antibodies, we observed the C35S TRX mutant bound to endogenous TG2 as its principal protein partner in the small intestine. Control experiments showed no labeling of TG2 knock-out mice. Intravenous administration of recombinant TRX in wild-type mice, but not TG2 knock-out mice, led to a rapid rise in intestinal transglutaminase activity in a manner that could be inhibited by small molecules targeting TG2 or TRX. Our findings support the potential pathophysiological relevance of TRX in celiac disease and establish the Cys370-Cys371 disulfide bond of TG2 as one of clearest examples of an allosteric disulfide bond in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Plugis
- From the Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Brad A Palanski
- From the Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Chih-Hisang Weng
- From the Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; the School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; the Medical Science Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Megan Albertelli
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- From the Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.
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10
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Booze ML, Hansen JM, Vitiello PF. A novel mouse model for the identification of thioredoxin-1 protein interactions. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:533-543. [PMID: 27639450 PMCID: PMC5107173 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thiol switches are important regulators of cellular signaling and are coordinated by several redox enzyme systems including thioredoxins, peroxiredoxins, and glutathione. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1), in particular, is an important signaling molecule not only in response to redox perturbations, but also in cellular growth, regulation of gene expression, and apoptosis. The active site of this enzyme is a highly conserved C-G-P-C motif and the redox mechanism of Trx1 is rapid which presents a challenge in determining specific substrates. Numerous in vitro approaches have identified Trx1-dependent thiol switches; however, these findings may not be physiologically relevant and little is known about Trx1 interactions in vivo. In order to identify Trx1 targets in vivo, we generated a transgenic mouse with inducible expression of a mutant Trx1 transgene to stabilize intermolecular disulfides with protein substrates. Expression of the Trx1 "substrate trap" transgene did not interfere with endogenous thioredoxin or glutathione systems in brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney. Following immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis, we identified 41 homeostatic Trx1 interactions in perinatal lung, including previously described Trx1 substrates such as members of the peroxiredoxin family and collapsin response mediator protein 2. Using perinatal hyperoxia as a model of oxidative injury, we found 17 oxygen-induced interactions which included several cytoskeletal proteins which may be important to alveolar development. The data herein validates this novel mouse model for identification of tissue- and cell-specific Trx1-dependent pathways that regulate physiological signals in response to redox perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Booze
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Peter F Vitiello
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
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11
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Dey S, Sidor A, O'Rourke B. Compartment-specific Control of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging by Antioxidant Pathway Enzymes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11185-97. [PMID: 27048652 PMCID: PMC4900267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.726968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance in the production and scavenging rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is a key factor in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and aging. The presence of parallel pathways and multiple intracellular compartments, each having its own ROS sources and antioxidant enzymes, complicates the determination of the most important regulatory nodes of the redox network. Here we quantified ROS dynamics within specific intracellular compartments in the cytosol and mitochondria and determined which scavenging enzymes exert the most control over antioxidant fluxes in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. We used novel targeted viral gene transfer vectors expressing redox-sensitive GFP fused to sensor domains to measure H2O2 or oxidized glutathione. Using genetic manipulation in heart-derived H9c2 cells, we explored the contribution of specific antioxidant enzymes to ROS scavenging and glutathione redox potential within each intracellular compartment. Our findings reveal that antioxidant flux is strongly dependent on mitochondrial substrate catabolism, with availability of NADPH as a major rate-controlling step. Moreover, ROS scavenging by mitochondria significantly contributes to cytoplasmic ROS handling. The findings provide fundamental information about the control of ROS scavenging by the redox network and suggest novel interventions for circumventing oxidative stress in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Dey
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Agnieszka Sidor
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Arts IS, Vertommen D, Baldin F, Laloux G, Collet JF. Comprehensively Characterizing the Thioredoxin Interactome In Vivo Highlights the Central Role Played by This Ubiquitous Oxidoreductase in Redox Control. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2125-40. [PMID: 27081212 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.056440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a ubiquitous oxidoreductase maintaining protein-bound cysteine residues in the reduced thiol state. Here, we combined a well-established method to trap Trx substrates with the power of bacterial genetics to comprehensively characterize the in vivo Trx redox interactome in the model bacterium Escherichia coli Using strains engineered to optimize trapping, we report the identification of a total 268 Trx substrates, including 201 that had never been reported to depend on Trx for reduction. The newly identified Trx substrates are involved in a variety of cellular processes, ranging from energy metabolism to amino acid synthesis and transcription. The interaction between Trx and two of its newly identified substrates, a protein required for the import of most carbohydrates, PtsI, and the bacterial actin homolog MreB was studied in detail. We provide direct evidence that PtsI and MreB contain cysteine residues that are susceptible to oxidation and that participate in the formation of an intermolecular disulfide with Trx. By considerably expanding the number of Trx targets, our work highlights the role played by this major oxidoreductase in a variety of cellular processes. Moreover, as the dependence on Trx for reduction is often conserved across species, it also provides insightful information on the interactome of Trx in organisms other than E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle S Arts
- From the ‡WELBIO, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, §de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; ¶Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- §de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesca Baldin
- From the ‡WELBIO, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, §de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Laloux
- From the ‡WELBIO, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, §de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; ¶Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Collet
- From the ‡WELBIO, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, §de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; ¶Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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The RNA-binding proteomes from yeast to man harbour conserved enigmRBPs. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10127. [PMID: 26632259 PMCID: PMC4686815 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) exert a broad range of biological functions. To explore the scope of RBPs across eukaryotic evolution, we determined the in vivo RBP repertoire of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identified 678 RBPs from yeast and additionally 729 RBPs from human hepatocytic HuH-7 cells. Combined analyses of these and recently published data sets define the core RBP repertoire conserved from yeast to man. Conserved RBPs harbour defined repetitive motifs within disordered regions, which display striking evolutionary expansion. Only 60% of yeast and 73% of the human RBPs have functions assigned to RNA biology or structural motifs known to convey RNA binding, and many intensively studied proteins surprisingly emerge as RBPs (termed 'enigmRBPs'), including almost all glycolytic enzymes, pointing to emerging connections between gene regulation and metabolism. Analyses of the mitochondrial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B10) uncover the RNA-binding specificity of an enigmRBP.
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Fox J, Lu Z, Barrows L. Thiol-disulfide Oxidoreductases TRX1 and TMX3 Decrease Neuronal Atrophy in a Lentiviral Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. PLOS CURRENTS 2015; 7. [PMID: 26664998 PMCID: PMC4650837 DOI: 10.1371/currents.hd.b966ec2eca8e2d89d2bb4d020be4351e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a trinucleotide CAG repeat in the
huntingtin gene (HTT) that results in expression of a polyglutamine-expanded
mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT). N-terminal fragments of mHTT accumulate in
brain neurons and glia as soluble monomeric and oligomeric species as well as
insoluble protein aggregates and drive the disease process. Decreasing mHTT
levels in brain provides protection and reversal of disease signs in HD mice
making mHTT a prime target for disease modification. There is evidence for
aberrant thiol oxidation within mHTT and other proteins in HD models. Based on
this, we hypothesized that a specific thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase exists that
decreases mHTT levels in cells and provides protection in HD mice. We undertook
an in-vitro genetic screen of key thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases then completed
secondary screens to identify those with mHTT decreasing properties. Our
in-vitro experiments identified thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin-related
transmembrane protein 3 as proteins that decrease soluble mHTT levels in
cultured cells. Using a lentiviral mouse model of HD we tested the effect of
these proteins in striatum. Both proteins decreased mHTT-induced striatal
neuronal atrophy. Findings provide evidence for a role of dysregulated
protein-thiol homeostasis in the pathogenesis of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fox
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Zhen Lu
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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