1
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Admon A. The biogenesis of the immunopeptidome. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101766. [PMID: 37141766 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The immunopeptidome is the repertoire of peptides bound and presented by the MHC class I, class II, and non-classical molecules. The peptides are produced by the degradation of most cellular proteins, and in some cases, peptides are produced from extracellular proteins taken up by the cells. This review attempts to first describe some of its known and well-accepted concepts, and next, raise some questions about a few of the established dogmas in this field: The production of novel peptides by splicing is questioned, suggesting here that spliced peptides are extremely rare, if existent at all. The degree of the contribution to the immunopeptidome by degradation of cellular protein by the proteasome is doubted, therefore this review attempts to explain why it is likely that this contribution to the immunopeptidome is possibly overstated. The contribution of defective ribosome products (DRiPs) and non-canonical peptides to the immunopeptidome is noted and methods are suggested to quantify them. In addition, the common misconception that the MHC class II peptidome is mostly derived from extracellular proteins is noted, and corrected. It is stressed that the confirmation of sequence assignments of non-canonical and spliced peptides should rely on targeted mass spectrometry using spiking-in of heavy isotope-labeled peptides. Finally, the new methodologies and modern instrumentation currently available for high throughput kinetics and quantitative immunopeptidomics are described. These advanced methods open up new possibilities for utilizing the big data generated and taking a fresh look at the established dogmas and reevaluating them critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Admon
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel.
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2
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Application of plasma membrane proteomics to identify cancer biomarkers. Proteomics 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95072-5.00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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3
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Rusilowicz-Jones EV, Brazel AJ, Frigenti F, Urbé S, Clague MJ. Membrane compartmentalisation of the ubiquitin system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:171-184. [PMID: 34895815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We now have a comprehensive inventory of ubiquitin system components. Understanding of any system also needs an appreciation of how components are organised together. Quantitative proteomics has provided us with a census of their relative populations in several model cell types. Here, by examining large scale unbiased data sets, we seek to identify and map those components, which principally reside on the major organelles of the endomembrane system. We present the consensus distribution of > 50 ubiquitin modifying enzymes, E2s, E3s and DUBs, that possess transmembrane domains. This analysis reveals that the ER and endosomal compartments have a diverse cast of resident E3s, whilst the Golgi and mitochondria operate with a more restricted palette. We describe key functions of ubiquitylation that are specific to each compartment and relate this to their signature complement of ubiquitin modifying components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Rusilowicz-Jones
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Ailbhe J Brazel
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth W23 F2K6, Ireland
| | - Francesca Frigenti
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Michael J Clague
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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4
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Liu H, Chen B, Liu LL, Cong L, Cheng Y. The role of MARCH9 in colorectal cancer progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906897. [PMID: 36185211 PMCID: PMC9523723 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer with a high global incidence and mortality. Mutated genes or dysregulated pathways responsible for CRC progression have been identified and employed as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, a ubiquitination regulator, MARCH9, was shown to accelerate CRC progression both in vitro and in vivo. CRC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed significantly upregulated MARCH9 expression by individual cancer stage, histological subtype, and nodal metastasis status. Knockdown of MARCH9 inhibited, while MARCH9 overexpression promoted, CRC cell proliferation and migration. Knockdown of MARCH9 also induced CRC cell apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest. Further investigation showed that MARCH9 promoted CRC progression by downregulating the expression of a deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene and activating p65, a member of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) protein family. Finally, in vivo xenograft studies confirmed that MARCH9 knockdown suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. Thus, this study demonstrated that MARCH9 may be a novel and effective therapeutic target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine for Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Lian-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine for Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Cong, ; Yong Cheng,
| | - Yong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine for Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Cong, ; Yong Cheng,
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5
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Trenker R, Wu X, Nguyen JV, Wilcox S, Rubin AF, Call ME, Call MJ. Human and viral membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligases MARCH1 and MIR2 recognize different features of CD86 to downregulate surface expression. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100900. [PMID: 34157285 PMCID: PMC8319528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-stimulatory ligands, such as major histocompatibility complex molecules and the T-cell costimulatory ligand CD86, are central to productive immunity. Endogenous mammalian membrane-associated RING-CHs (MARCH) act on these and other targets to regulate antigen presentation and activation of adaptive immunity, whereas virus-encoded homologs target the same molecules to evade immune responses. Substrate specificity is encoded in or near the membrane-embedded domains of MARCHs and the proteins they regulate, but the exact sequences that distinguish substrates from nonsubstrates are poorly understood. Here, we examined the requirements for recognition of the costimulatory ligand CD86 by two different MARCH-family proteins, human MARCH1 and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus modulator of immune recognition 2 (MIR2), using deep mutational scanning. We identified a highly specific recognition surface in the hydrophobic core of the CD86 transmembrane (TM) domain (TMD) that is required for recognition by MARCH1 and prominently features a proline at position 254. In contrast, MIR2 requires no specific sequences in the CD86 TMD but relies primarily on an aspartic acid at position 244 in the CD86 extracellular juxtamembrane region. Surprisingly, MIR2 recognized CD86 with a TMD composed entirely of valine, whereas many different single amino acid substitutions in the context of the native TM sequence conferred MIR2 resistance. These results show that the human and viral proteins evolved completely different recognition modes for the same substrate. That some TM sequences are incompatible with MIR2 activity, even when no specific recognition motif is required, suggests a more complicated mechanism of immune modulation via CD86 than was previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Trenker
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie V Nguyen
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Genomics Laboratory, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan F Rubin
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew E Call
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Melissa J Call
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Sandow JJ, Webb AI, Stockwell D, Kershaw NJ, Tan C, Ishido S, Alexander WS, Hilton DJ, Babon JJ, Nicola NA. Proteomic analyses reveal that immune integrins are major targets for regulation by Membrane-Associated Ring-CH (MARCH) proteins MARCH2, 3, 4 and 9. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000244. [PMID: 33945654 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
MARCH proteins are membrane-associated Ring-CH E3 ubiquitin ligases that dampen immune responses by downregulating cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complexes I and II as well as immune co-stimulatory receptors. We recently showed that MARCH2,3,4 and 9 also downregulate cell surface expression of the inflammatory cytokine receptor for interleukin-6 (IL6Rα). Here we use over-expression of these MARCH proteins in the M1 myeloid leukaemia cell line and cell surface proteomic analyses to globally analyse other potential targets of these proteins. A large range of cell surface proteins regulated by more than one MARCH protein in addition to several MARCH protein-specific cell surface targets were identified most of which were downregulated by MARCH expression. Prominent among these were several integrin complexes associated with immune cell homing, adhesion and migration. Integrin α4β1 (VLA4 or VCAM-1 receptor) was downregulated only by MARCH2 and we showed that in MARCH2 knockout mice, Integrin α4 was upregulated specifically in mature B-lymphocytes and this was accompanied by decreased numbers of B-cells in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod J Sandow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dina Stockwell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cyrus Tan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Warren S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas J Hilton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Human leukocyte antigen class II quantification by targeted mass spectrometry in dendritic-like cell lines and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1028. [PMID: 33441579 PMCID: PMC7807004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex II (HLA-II) facilitates the presentation of antigen-derived peptides to CD4+ T-cells. Antigen presentation is not only affected by peptide processing and intracellular trafficking, but also by mechanisms that govern HLA-II abundance such as gene expression, biosynthesis and degradation. Herein we describe a mass spectrometry (MS) based HLA-II-protein quantification method, applied to dendritic-like cells (KG-1 and MUTZ-3) and human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). This method monitors the proteotypic peptides VEHWGLDKPLLK, VEHWGLDQPLLK and VEHWGLDEPLLK, mapping to the α-chains HLA-DQA1, -DPA1 and -DRA1/DQA2, respectively. Total HLA-II was detected at 176 and 248 fmol per million unstimulated KG-1 and MUTZ-3 cells, respectively. In contrast, TNF- and LPS-induced MUTZ-3 cells showed a 50- and 200-fold increase, respectively, of total α-chain as measured by MS. HLA-II protein levels in unstimulated DCs varied significantly between donors ranging from ~ 4 to ~ 50 pmol per million DCs. Cell surface HLA-DR levels detected by flow cytometry increased 2- to 3-fold after DC activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in contrast to a decrease or no change in total HLA α-chain as determined by MS. HLA-DRA1 was detected as the predominant variant, representing > 90% of total α-chain, followed by DPA1 and DQA1 at 3-7% and ≤ 1%, respectively.
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8
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Canzani D, Rusnac DV, Zheng N, Bush MF. Degronomics: Mapping the Interacting Peptidome of a Ubiquitin Ligase Using an Integrative Mass Spectrometry Strategy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12775-12783. [PMID: 31525912 PMCID: PMC6959985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human cells make use of hundreds of unique ubiquitin E3 ligases to ensure proteome fidelity and control cellular functions by promoting protein degradation. These processes require exquisite selectivity, but the individual roles of most E3s remain poorly characterized in part due to the challenges associated with identifying, quantifying, and validating substrates for each E3. We report an integrative mass spectrometry (MS) strategy for characterizing protein fragments that interact with KLHDC2, a human E3 that recognizes the extreme C-terminus of substrates. Using a combination of native MS, native top-down MS, MS of destabilized samples, and liquid chromatography MS, we identified and quantified a near complete fraction of the KLHDC2-binding peptidome in E. coli cells. This degronome includes peptides that originate from a variety of proteins. Although all identified protein fragments are terminated by diglycine or glycylalanine, the preceding amino acids are diverse. These results significantly expand our understanding of the sequences that can be recognized by KLHDC2, which provides insight into the potential substrates of this E3 in humans. We anticipate that this integrative MS strategy could be leveraged more broadly to characterize the degronomes of other E3 ligase substrate receptors, including those that adhere to the more common N-end rule for substrate recognition. Therefore, this work advances "degronomics," i.e., identifying, quantifying, and validating functional E3:peptide interactions in order to determine the individual roles of each E3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Canzani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Domnița-Valeria Rusnac
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ning Zheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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9
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Tan C, Byrne EFX, Ah-Cann C, Call MJ, Call ME. A serine in the first transmembrane domain of the human E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH9 is critical for down-regulation of its protein substrates. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2470-2485. [PMID: 30554144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases regulates the levels of cell-surface membrane proteins, many of which are involved in immune responses. Although their role in ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis and degradation of cell-surface proteins is extensively documented, the features of MARCH proteins and their substrates that drive the molecular recognition events leading to ubiquitin transfer remain poorly defined. In this study, we sought to determine the features of human MARCH9 that are required for regulating the surface levels of its substrate proteins. Consistent with previous studies of other MARCH proteins, we found that susceptibility to MARCH9 activity is encoded in the transmembrane (TM) domains of its substrates. Accordingly, substitutions at specific residues and motifs within MARCH9's TM domains resulted in varying degrees of functional impairment. Most notably, a single serine-to-alanine substitution in the first of its two TM domains rendered MARCH9 completely unable to alter the surface levels of two different substrates: the major histocompatibility class I molecule HLA-A2 and the T-cell co-receptor CD4. Solution NMR analysis of a MARCH9 fragment encompassing the two TM domains and extracellular connecting loop revealed that the residues contributing most to MARCH9 activity are located in the α-helical portions of TM1 and TM2 that are closest to the extracellular face of the lipid bilayer. This observation defines a key region required for substrate regulation. In summary, our biochemical and structural findings demonstrate that specific sequences in the α-helical MARCH9 TM domains make crucial contributions to its ability to down-regulate its protein substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Tan
- From the Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eamon F X Byrne
- the Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and
| | - Casey Ah-Cann
- the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,the ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J Call
- From the Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia, .,the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew E Call
- From the Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia, .,the Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Bauer J, Bakke O, Morth JP. Overview of the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) E3 ligase family. N Biotechnol 2017; 38:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Systematic approaches to identify E3 ligase substrates. Biochem J 2017; 473:4083-4101. [PMID: 27834739 PMCID: PMC5103871 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation is a widespread post-translational modification, regulating cellular signalling with many outcomes, such as protein degradation, endocytosis, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and transcription. E3 ligases are a critical component of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), determining the substrate specificity of the cascade by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to substrate proteins. Currently, there are over 600 putative E3 ligases, but many are poorly characterized, particularly with respect to individual protein substrates. Here, we highlight systematic approaches to identify and validate UPS targets and discuss how they are underpinning rapid advances in our understanding of the biochemistry and biology of the UPS. The integration of novel tools, model systems and methods for target identification is driving significant interest in drug development, targeting various aspects of UPS function and advancing the understanding of a diverse range of disease processes.
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12
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Kuo CP, Chang KS, Hsu JL, Tsai IF, Lin AB, Wei TY, Wu CL, Lu YT. Analysis of the immune response of human dendritic cells to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by quantitative proteomics. Proteome Sci 2016; 14:5. [PMID: 26957948 PMCID: PMC4782377 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-016-0095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cellular immune response for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection remained incompletely understood. To uncover membrane proteins involved in this infection mechanism, an integrated approach consisting of an organic solvent-assisted membrane protein digestion, stable-isotope dimethyl labeling and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was used to comparatively profile the membrane protein expression of human dendritic cells upon heat-killed M. tuberculosis (HKTB) treatment. Results Organic solvent-assisted trypsin digestion coupled with stable-isotope labeling and LC-MS/MS analysis was applied to quantitatively analyze the membrane protein expression of THP-1 derived dendritic cells. We evaluated proteins that were upregulated in response to HKTB treatment, and applied STRING website database to analyze the correlations between these proteins. Of the investigated proteins, aminopeptidase N (CD13) was found to be largely expressed after HKTB treatment. By using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, we found that membranous CD13 expression was upregulated and was capable of binding to live mycobacteria. Treatment dendritic cell with anti-CD13 antibody during M. tuberculosis infection enhanced the ability of T cell activation. Conclusions Via proteomics data and STRING analysis, we demonstrated that the highly-expressed CD13 is also associated with proteins involved in the antigen presenting process, especially with CD1 proteins. Increasing expression of CD13 on dendritic cells while M. tuberculosis infection and enhancement of T cell activation after CD13 treated with anti-CD13 antibody indicates CD13 positively involved in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-016-0095-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Ping Kuo
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 92, Sec 2, Chungshan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Song Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Liang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
| | - I-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Boyd Lin
- Biology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Tsai-Yin Wei
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Wu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 92, Sec 2, Chungshan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ta Lu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 92, Sec 2, Chungshan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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13
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Fatehchand K, Ren L, Elavazhagan S, Fang H, Mo X, Vasilakos JP, Dietsch GN, Hershberg RM, Tridandapani S, Butchar JP. Toll-like Receptor 4 Ligands Down-regulate Fcγ Receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) via MARCH3 Protein-mediated Ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3895-904. [PMID: 26694610 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.701151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are critical for the effectiveness of monoclonal antibody therapy. Responses to antibody-coated tumor cells are largely mediated by Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), which become activated upon binding to immune complexes. FcγRIIb is an inhibitory FcγR that negatively regulates these responses, and it is expressed on monocytes and macrophages. Therefore, deletion or down-regulation of this receptor may substantially enhance therapeutic outcomes. Here we screened a panel of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and found that those selective for TLR4 and TLR8 could significantly down-regulate the expression of FcγRIIb. Upon further examination, we found that treatment of monocytes with TLR4 agonists could lead to the ubiquitination of FcγRIIb protein. A search of our earlier microarray database of monocytes activated with the TLR7/8 agonist R-848 (in which FcγRIIb was down-regulated) revealed an up-regulation of membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 3 (MARCH3), an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Therefore, we tested whether LPS treatment could up-regulate MARCH3 in monocytes and whether this E3 ligase was involved with LPS-mediated FcγRIIb down-regulation. The results showed that LPS activation of TLR4 significantly increased MARCH3 expression and that siRNA against MARCH3 prevented the decrease in FcγRIIb following LPS treatment. These data suggest that activation of TLR4 on monocytes can induce a rapid down-regulation of FcγRIIb protein and that this involves ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Ren
- the Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 Jilin, China
| | | | | | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - John P Vasilakos
- the 3M Drug Delivery Systems Division, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144, and
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14
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Abstract
In a previous study, we have shown that shortening of telomeres by telomerase inhibition sensitized cancer cells to cisplatinum, slower their migration, increased DNA damage and impaired DNA repair [1]. In the following study, we present a network model combining microRNA and proteomic profiling attempting to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of shortened telomeres on the obtained phenotype of cancer cells [2]. The microRNA and proteomic data were used for a network model construction, which provided us with several nodal candidates that may potentially mediate the shortened-telomeres dependent features. These protein expressions were experimentally validated, supporting their potential central role in this system [2]. In this article, we delineate the full proteomic data and a microarray analyses performed on cells with shortened telomeres compared to their cognate parental intact telomere cells. The data is attached as excel files. In principle, clarifying the mechanism behind telomere shortened phenotype may facilitate novel therapeutics development and may also obviate the time consuming process of telomere shortening achieved by telomerase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Uziel
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Meir Lahav
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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15
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Coyaud E, Mis M, Laurent EMN, Dunham WH, Couzens AL, Robitaille M, Gingras AC, Angers S, Raught B. BioID-based Identification of Skp Cullin F-box (SCF)β-TrCP1/2 E3 Ligase Substrates. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1781-95. [PMID: 25900982 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of ubiquitin E3 ligase substrates has been challenging, due in part to low-affinity, transient interactions, the rapid degradation of targets and the inability to identify proteins from poorly soluble cellular compartments. SCF(β-TrCP1) and SCF(β-TrCP2) are well-studied ubiquitin E3 ligases that target substrates for proteasomal degradation, and play important roles in Wnt, Hippo, and NFκB signaling. Combining 26S proteasome inhibitor (MG132) treatment with proximity-dependent biotin labeling (BioID) and semiquantitative mass spectrometry, here we identify SCF(β-TrCP1/2) interacting partners. Based on their enrichment in the presence of MG132, our data identify over 50 new putative SCF(β-TrCP1/2) substrates. We validate 12 of these new substrates and reveal previously unsuspected roles for β-TrCP in the maintenance of nuclear membrane integrity, processing (P)-body turnover and translational control. Together, our data suggest that β-TrCP is an important hub in the cellular stress response. The technique presented here represents a complementary approach to more standard IP-MS methods and should be broadly applicable for the identification of substrates for many ubiquitin E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Coyaud
- From the ‡Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | - Monika Mis
- §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto
| | | | - Wade H Dunham
- ¶Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital
| | - Amber L Couzens
- ¶Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital
| | - Melanie Robitaille
- §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- ¶Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital; ‖Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto
| | - Stephane Angers
- §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto; **Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto
| | - Brian Raught
- From the ‡Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; ‡‡Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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16
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Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) and endocytic protein quality control (QC) in conjunction with the endosomal sorting machinery either repairs or targets conformationally damaged membrane proteins for lysosomal/vacuolar degradation. Here, we provide an overview of emerging aspects of the underlying mechanisms of PM QC that fulfill a critical role in preserving cellular protein homeostasis in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo M Apaja
- Department of Physiology and Research Group Focused on Protein Structure (GRASP), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Gergely L Lukacs
- Department of Physiology and Research Group Focused on Protein Structure (GRASP), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Uziel O, Yosef N, Sharan R, Ruppin E, Kupiec M, Kushnir M, Beery E, Cohen-Diker T, Nordenberg J, Lahav M. The effects of telomere shortening on cancer cells: a network model of proteomic and microRNA analysis. Genomics 2014; 105:5-16. [PMID: 25451739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that shortening of telomeres by telomerase inhibition sensitized cancer cells to cisplatinum, slowed their migration, increased DNA damage and impaired DNA repair. The mechanism behind these effects is not fully characterized. Its clarification could facilitate novel therapeutics development and may obviate the time consuming process of telomere shortening achieved by telomerase inhibition. Here we aimed to decipher the microRNA and proteomic profiling of cancer cells with shortened telomeres and identify the key mediators in telomere shortening-induced damage to those cells. Of 870 identified proteins, 98 were differentially expressed in shortened-telomere cells. 47 microRNAs were differentially expressed in these cells; some are implicated in growth arrest or act as oncogene repressors. The obtained data was used for a network construction, which provided us with nodal candidates that may mediate the shortened-telomere dependent features. These proteins' expression was experimentally validated, supporting their potential central role in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Uziel
- FMRC, RMC, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - N Yosef
- School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - R Sharan
- School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - E Ruppin
- School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - M Kupiec
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | - E Beery
- FMRC, RMC, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - T Cohen-Diker
- FMRC, RMC, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - J Nordenberg
- FMRC, RMC, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - M Lahav
- FMRC, RMC, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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18
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The Membrane Associated RING-CH Proteins: A Family of E3 Ligases with Diverse Roles through the Cell. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:637295. [PMID: 27419207 PMCID: PMC4897099 DOI: 10.1155/2014/637295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery that conjugation of ubiquitin to proteins can drive proteolytic degradation, ubiquitination has been shown to perform a diverse range of functions in the cell. It plays an important role in endocytosis, signal transduction, trafficking of vesicles inside the cell, and even DNA repair. The process of ubiquitination-mediated control has turned out to be remarkably complex, involving a diverse array of proteins and many levels of control. This review focuses on a family of structurally related E3 ligases termed the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) ubiquitin ligases, which were originally discovered as structural homologs to the virals E3s, K3, and K5 from Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). These proteins contain a catalytic RING-CH finger and are typically membrane-bound, with some having up to 14 putative transmembrane domains. Despite several lines of evidence showing that the MARCH proteins play a complex and essential role in several cellular processes, this family remains understudied.
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19
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Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that regulates almost every aspect of cellular function and many cell signaling pathways in eukaryotes. Alterations of protein ubiquitination have been linked to many diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immunological disorders and inflammatory diseases. To understand the roles of protein ubiquitination in these diseases and in cell signaling pathways, it is necessary to identify ubiquitinated proteins and their modification sites. However, owing to the nature of protein ubiquitination, it is challenging to identify the exact modification sites under physiological conditions. Recently, ubiquitin-remnant profiling, an immunoprecipitation approach, which uses monoclonal antibodies specifically to enrich for peptides derived from the ubiquitinated portion of proteins and mass spectrometry for their identification, was developed to determine ubiquitination events from cell lysates. This approach has now been widely applied to profile protein ubiquitination in several cellular contexts. In this review, we discuss mass-spectrometry-based methods for the identification of protein ubiquitination sites, analyze their advantages and disadvantages, and discuss their application for proteomic analysis of ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xu
- a Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmacology , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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20
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Lill JR, Wertz IE. Toward understanding ubiquitin-modifying enzymes: from pharmacological targeting to proteomics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:187-207. [PMID: 24717260 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a highly conserved post-translational modification that regulates protein trafficking, function, and turnover. Ubiquitin ligases (E3s) conjugate ubiquitin polypeptides on substrates, whereas deubiquitnases (DUBs) reverse ubiquitination. Engineering of chemical antagonists and inhibitors of ubiquitin ligases and DUBs has considerably aided the study of enzymes that participate in ubiquitin modification of substrates. In addition, proteomic tools have been developed to characterize the enzymes, substrates, and modifications regulated by DUBs and E3s. Here we review inhibitors and antagonists that have been developed against DUBs and E3s, focusing on enzymes that participate in ubiquitin editing or in the reciprocal ubiquitin regulation of substrates. We outline the cellular biology that is regulated by these DUBs and E3s and highlight how the inhibitory compounds have improved our understanding of these pathways. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions for pharmacologically targeting ubiquitin-modifying enzymes, as well as the development of proteomic methods to evaluate ubiquitin modification of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie R Lill
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, M/S 413A, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Ingrid E Wertz
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, M/S 40, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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21
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Timms RT, Duncan LM, Tchasovnikarova IA, Antrobus R, Smith DL, Dougan G, Weekes MP, Lehner PJ. Haploid genetic screens identify an essential role for PLP2 in the downregulation of novel plasma membrane targets by viral E3 ubiquitin ligases. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003772. [PMID: 24278019 PMCID: PMC3836740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gene products K3 and K5 are viral ubiquitin E3 ligases which downregulate MHC-I and additional cell surface immunoreceptors. To identify novel cellular genes required for K5 function we performed a forward genetic screen in near-haploid human KBM7 cells. The screen identified proteolipid protein 2 (PLP2), a MARVEL domain protein of unknown function, as essential for K5 activity. Genetic loss of PLP2 traps the viral ligase in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is unable to ubiquitinate and degrade its substrates. Subsequent analysis of the plasma membrane proteome of K5-expressing KBM7 cells in the presence and absence of PLP2 revealed a wide range of novel K5 targets, all of which required PLP2 for their K5-mediated downregulation. This work ascribes a critical function to PLP2 for viral ligase activity and underlines the power of non-lethal haploid genetic screens in human cells to identify the genes involved in pathogen manipulation of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Timms
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lidia M. Duncan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iva A. Tchasovnikarova
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan L. Smith
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Lehner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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22
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Guo Z, Wang X, Li H, Gao Y. Screening E3 substrates using a live phage display library. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76622. [PMID: 24124579 PMCID: PMC3790729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin ligases (E3s) determine specificity of ubiquitination by recognizing target substrates. However, most of their substrates are unknown. Most known substrates have been identified using distinct approaches in different laboratories. We developed a high-throughput strategy using a live phage display library as E3 substrates in in vitro screening. His-ubiquitinated phage, enriched with Ni-beads, could effectively infect E. coli for amplification. Sixteen natural potential substrates and many unnatural potential substrates of E3 MDM2 were identified through 4 independent screenings. Some substrates were identified in different independent experiments. Additionally, 10 of 12 selected candidates were ubiquitinated by MDM2 in vitro, and 3 novel substrates, DDX42, TP53RK and RPL36a were confirmed ex vivo. The whole strategy is rather simple and efficient. Non-degradation substrates can be discovered. This strategy can be extended to any E3s as long as the E3 does not ubiquitinate the empty phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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24
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Jahnke M, Trowsdale J, Kelly AP. Ubiquitination of HLA-DO by MARCH family E3 ligases. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1153-61. [PMID: 23400868 PMCID: PMC3655539 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HLA-DO (DO) is a nonclassical MHC class II (MHCII) molecule that negatively regulates the ability of HLA-DM to catalyse the removal of invariant chain-derived CLIP peptides from classical MHCII molecules. Here, we show that DO is posttranslationally modified by ubiquitination. The location of the modified lysine residue is shared with all classical MHCII beta chains, suggesting a conserved function. Three membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH1, 8 and 9) family E3 ligases that polyubiquitinate MHCII induce similar profiles of polyubiquitination on DOβ. All three MARCH proteins also influenced trafficking of DO indirectly by a mechanism that required the DOβ encoded di-leucine and tyrosine-based endocytosis motifs. This may be the result of MARCH-induced ubiquitination of components of the endocytic machinery. MARCH9 was by far the most efficient at inducing intracellular redistribution of DO but did not target molecules for lysosomal degradation. The specificity of MARCH9 for HLA-DQ and HLA-DO suggests a need for common regulation of these two MHC-encoded molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jahnke
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Caceres NE, Aerts M, Marquez B, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Tulkens PM, Devreese B, Van Bambeke F. Analysis of the membrane proteome of ciprofloxacin-resistant macrophages by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). PLoS One 2013; 8:e58285. [PMID: 23505477 PMCID: PMC3591400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of multidrug transporters is a well-established mechanism of resistance to chemotherapy, but other changes may be co-selected upon exposure to drugs that contribute to resistance. Using a model of J774 macrophages made resistant to the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin and comparing it with the wild-type parent cell line, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis using the stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture technology coupled with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization Fourier transform tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-FT-MS/MS) on 2 samples enriched in membrane proteins (fractions F1 and F2 collected from discontinuous sucrose gradient). Nine hundred proteins were identified with at least 3 unique peptides in these 2 pooled fractions among which 61 (F1) and 69 (F2) showed a significantly modified abundance among the 2 cell lines. The multidrug resistance associated protein Abcc4, known as the ciprofloxacin efflux transporter in these cells, was the most upregulated, together with Dnajc3, a protein encoded by a gene located downstream of Abcc4. The other modulated proteins are involved in transport functions, cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization, immune response, signal transduction, and metabolism. This indicates that the antibiotic ciprofloxacin is able to trigger a pleiotropic adaptative response in macrophages that includes the overexpression of its efflux transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Caceres
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten Aerts
- Laboratorium voor Eiwitbiochemie en Biomoleculaire Engineering, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
| | - Béatrice Marquez
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul M. Tulkens
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Devreese
- Laboratorium voor Eiwitbiochemie en Biomoleculaire Engineering, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Jahnke M, Trowsdale J, Kelly AP. Structural requirements for recognition of major histocompatibility complex class II by membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) protein E3 ligases. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28779-89. [PMID: 22761441 PMCID: PMC3436574 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.381541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MARCH E3 ligases play a key role in controlling MHC class II surface expression by regulated ubiquitination of a lysine residue in the β-chain. Little is known concerning how these enzymes target their specific substrates. Here we show that recognition of HLA-DR by MARCH proteins is complex. Several features associated with the transmembrane domain and bordering regions influence the overall efficiency of receptor internalization. A cluster of residues at the interface of the lipid bilayer and the cytosol plays the most important role in MARCH8 recognition of HLA-DRβ. Variation in this sequence also determines specificity of MARCH9 for HLA-DQ. Residues located in helical face four of HLA-DRβ together with a charged residue at the boundary with the stalk region also contribute significantly to recognition. Truncation analysis suggested that a dileucine-like motif in the DRβ cytoplasmic tail influences the efficiency of co-localization of HLA-DR with MARCH8. The DRβ-encoded acceptor lysine functioned optimally when placed in its natural location relative to the bilayer. In the DRα/DRβ dimer most other amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail could be substituted for alanine with minimal influence on function. Our data support a model whereby multiple features of HLA-DR are involved in substrate recognition by MARCH8. The single most important region is located at the interface between the transmembrane domain and the cytosol. Variation in sequence in this location between different class II isotypes controls efficiency of recognition by different MARCH E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jahnke
- From the Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - John Trowsdale
- From the Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian P. Kelly
- From the Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
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27
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Quantitative proteomics to decipher ubiquitin signaling. Amino Acids 2012; 43:1049-60. [PMID: 22821265 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin signaling plays an essential role in controlling cellular processes in eukaryotes, and the impairment of ubiquitin regulation contributes to the pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases. During the last decade, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has emerged as an indispensable approach for identifying the ubiquitinated proteome (ubiquitinome), ubiquitin modification sites, the linkages of complex ubiquitin chains, as well as the interactome of ubiquitin enzymes. In particular, implementation of quantitative strategies allows the detection of dynamic changes in the ubiquitinome, enhancing the ability to differentiate between function-relevant protein targets and false positives arising from biological and experimental variations. The profiling of total cell lysate and the ubiquitinated proteome in the same sets of samples has become a powerful tool, revealing a subset of substrates that are modulated by specific physiological and pathological conditions, such as gene mutations in ubiquitin signaling. This strategy is equally useful for dissecting the pathways of ubiquitin-like proteins.
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28
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Unbiased identification of substrates for the Epac1-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase component SOCS-3. Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 40:215-8. [PMID: 22260693 DOI: 10.1042/bst20110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of the prototypical second messenger cAMP have been extensively documented in multiple cell types. One mechanism by which these effects are achieved is via Epac1 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1)-dependent induction of SOCS-3 (suppressor of cytokine signalling 3), which binds and inhibits specific class I cytokine receptors. One important aspect of SOCS-3 functionality is its role as the specificity determinant within an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which targets cellular substrates for polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. In the present review, we describe key inhibitory processes that serve to reduce cytokine receptor signalling, focusing primarily on SOCS protein function and regulation. We also outline a strategy we have developed to identify novel ubiquitylated substrates for the Epac1-inducible SOCS-3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex following purification of the ubiquitinome. It is anticipated that identifying substrates for the Epac1-regulated SOCS-3 E3 ubiquitin ligase, and assessment of their functional significance, may pinpoint new sites for therapeutic intervention that would achieve therapeutic efficacy of cAMP-elevating drugs while minimizing the adverse effects usually associated with these agents.
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29
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Jahnke M, Trowsdale J, Kelly AP. Ubiquitination of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DM by different membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) protein family E3 ligases targets different endocytic pathways. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:7256-64. [PMID: 22247549 PMCID: PMC3293585 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.305961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-DM plays an essential role in the peptide loading of classical class II molecules and is present both at the cell surface and in late endosomal peptide-loading compartments. Trafficking of DM within antigen-presenting cells is complex and is, in part, controlled by a tyrosine-based targeting signal present in the cytoplasmic tail of DMβ. Here, we show that DM also undergoes post-translational modification through ubiquitination of a single lysine residue present in the cytoplasmic tail of the α chain, DMα. Ubiquitination of DM by MARCH1 and MARCH9 induced loss of DM molecules from the cell surface by a mechanism that cumulatively involved both direct attachment of ubiquitin chains to DMα and a functional tyrosine-based signal on DMβ. In contrast, MARCH8-induced loss of surface DM was entirely dependent upon the tyrosine signal on DMβ. In the absence of this tyrosine residue, levels of DM remained unchanged irrespective of whether DMα was ubiquitinated by MARCH8. The influence of MARCH8 was indirect and may have resulted from modification of components of the endocytic machinery by ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jahnke
- From the Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - John Trowsdale
- From the Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian P. Kelly
- From the Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
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30
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Weekes MP, Antrobus R, Talbot S, Hör S, Simecek N, Smith DL, Bloor S, Randow F, Lehner PJ. Proteomic plasma membrane profiling reveals an essential role for gp96 in the cell surface expression of LDLR family members, including the LDL receptor and LRP6. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:1475-84. [PMID: 22292497 PMCID: PMC3292266 DOI: 10.1021/pr201135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone gp96 is required for the cell surface expression of a narrow range of proteins, including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and integrins. To identify a more comprehensive repertoire of proteins whose cell surface expression is dependent on gp96, we developed plasma membrane profiling (PMP), a technique that combines SILAC labeling with selective cell surface aminooxy-biotinylation. This approach allowed us to compare the relative abundance of plasma membrane (PM) proteins on gp96-deficient versus gp96-reconstituted murine pre-B cells. Analysis of unfractionated tryptic peptides initially identified 113 PM proteins, which extended to 706 PM proteins using peptide prefractionation. We confirmed a requirement for gp96 in the cell surface expression of certain TLRs and integrins and found a marked decrease in cell surface expression of four members of the extended LDL receptor family (LDLR, LRP6, Sorl1 and LRP8) in the absence of gp96. Other novel gp96 client proteins included CD180/Ly86, important in the B-cell response to lipopolysaccharide. We highlight common structural motifs in these client proteins that may be recognized by gp96, including the beta-propeller and leucine-rich repeat. This study therefore identifies the extended LDL receptor family as an important new family of proteins whose cell surface expression is regulated by gp96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge , Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
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31
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Han Y, Lee H, Park JC, Yi GS. E3Net: a system for exploring E3-mediated regulatory networks of cellular functions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:O111.014076. [PMID: 22199232 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o111.014076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) is a key enzyme targeting specific substrates in diverse cellular processes for ubiquitination and degradation. The existing findings of substrate specificity of E3 are, however, scattered over a number of resources, making it difficult to study them together with an integrative view. Here we present E3Net, a web-based system that provides a comprehensive collection of available E3-substrate specificities and a systematic framework for the analysis of E3-mediated regulatory networks of diverse cellular functions. Currently, E3Net contains 2201 E3s and 4896 substrates in 427 organisms and 1671 E3-substrate specific relations between 493 E3s and 1277 substrates in 42 organisms, extracted mainly from MEDLINE abstracts and UniProt comments with an automatic text mining method and additional manual inspection and partly from high throughput experiment data and public ubiquitination databases. The significant functions and pathways of the extracted E3-specific substrate groups were identified from a functional enrichment analysis with 12 functional category resources for molecular functions, protein families, protein complexes, pathways, cellular processes, cellular localization, and diseases. E3Net includes interactive analysis and navigation tools that make it possible to build an integrative view of E3-substrate networks and their correlated functions with graphical illustrations and summarized descriptions. As a result, E3Net provides a comprehensive resource of E3s, substrates, and their functional implications summarized from the regulatory network structures of E3-specific substrate groups and their correlated functions. This resource will facilitate further in-depth investigation of ubiquitination-dependent regulatory mechanisms. E3Net is freely available online at http://pnet.kaist.ac.kr/e3net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoong Han
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Nakamura N. The Role of the Transmembrane RING Finger Proteins in Cellular and Organelle Function. MEMBRANES 2011; 1:354-93. [PMID: 24957874 PMCID: PMC4021871 DOI: 10.3390/membranes1040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A large number of RING finger (RNF) proteins are present in eukaryotic cells and the majority of them are believed to act as E3 ubiquitin ligases. In humans, 49 RNF proteins are predicted to contain transmembrane domains, several of which are specifically localized to membrane compartments in the secretory and endocytic pathways, as well as to mitochondria and peroxisomes. They are thought to be molecular regulators of the organization and integrity of the functions and dynamic architecture of cellular membrane and membranous organelles. Emerging evidence has suggested that transmembrane RNF proteins control the stability, trafficking and activity of proteins that are involved in many aspects of cellular and physiological processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mammalian transmembrane RNF proteins, focusing on their roles and significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B13 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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Rucevic M, Hixson D, Josic D. Mammalian plasma membrane proteins as potential biomarkers and drug targets. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1549-64. [PMID: 21706493 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defining the plasma membrane proteome is crucial to understand the role of plasma membrane in fundamental biological processes. Change in membrane proteins is one of the first events that take place under pathological conditions, making plasma membrane proteins a likely source of potential disease biomarkers with prognostic or diagnostic potential. Membrane proteins are also potential targets for monoclonal antibodies and other drugs that block receptors or inhibit enzymes essential to the disease progress. Despite several advanced methods recently developed for the analysis of hydrophobic proteins and proteins with posttranslational modifications, integral membrane proteins are still under-represented in plasma membrane proteome. Recent advances in proteomic investigation of plasma membrane proteins, defining their roles as diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers and as target molecules in disease treatment, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Rucevic
- COBRE Center for Cancer Research Development, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Corcoran K, Jabbour M, Bhagwandin C, Deymier MJ, Theisen DL, Lybarger L. Ubiquitin-mediated regulation of CD86 protein expression by the ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated RING-CH-1 (MARCH1). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:37168-80. [PMID: 21896490 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.204040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of naïve T cells requires antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs), and the process of antigen presentation is regulated over the course of DC maturation. One key aspect of this regulation is the cell surface up-regulation upon DC maturation of peptide·MHC-II complexes and the costimulatory molecule CD86. It is now clear that these critical induction events involve changes in ubiquitin-dependent trafficking of MHC-II and CD86 by the E3 ligase membrane-associated RING-CH-1 (MARCH1). Although ubiquitin-dependent trafficking of MHC-II has been well characterized, much less is known regarding the post-transcriptional regulation of CD86 expression. Here, we examined the physical and functional interaction between CD86 and MARCH1. We observed that CD86 is rapidly endocytosed in the presence of MARCH1 followed by lysosome-dependent degradation. Furthermore, we found that the association between CD86 and MARCH1 was conferred primarily by the transmembrane domains of the respective proteins. In contrast to MHC-II, which has a single, conserved ubiquitin acceptor site in the cytosolic domain, we found that multiple lysine residues in the cytosolic tail of CD86 could support ubiquitination consistent with the relative lack of sequence conservation across species within the CD86 cytosolic domain. These findings suggest that MARCH1 recruits multiple substrates via transmembrane domain-mediated interactions to permit substrate ubiquitination in the face of diverse cytosolic domain sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Corcoran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Eyster CA, Cole NB, Petersen S, Viswanathan K, Früh K, Donaldson JG. MARCH ubiquitin ligases alter the itinerary of clathrin-independent cargo from recycling to degradation. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:3218-30. [PMID: 21757542 PMCID: PMC3164467 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-11-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The MARCH family of proteins are membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligases that down-regulate surface membrane proteins. Expression of MARCH8 in cells causes the ubiquitination and down-regulation of surface CD98 and CD44—cargo proteins that enter cells by clathrin-independent endocytosis and are usually routed to recycling, not degradation. Following endocytosis, internalized plasma membrane proteins can be recycled back to the cell surface or trafficked to late endosomes/lysosomes for degradation. Here we report on the trafficking of multiple proteins that enter cells by clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) and determine that a set of proteins (CD44, CD98, and CD147) found primarily in recycling tubules largely failed to reach late endosomes in HeLa cells, whereas other CIE cargo proteins, including major histocompatibility complex class I protein (MHCI), trafficked to both early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) and late endosomal compartments in addition to recycling tubules. Expression of the membrane-associated RING-CH 8 (MARCH8) E3 ubiquitin ligase completely shifted the trafficking of CD44 and CD98 proteins away from recycling tubules to EEA1 compartments and late endosomes, resulting in reduced surface levels. Cargo affected by MARCH expression, including CD44, CD98, and MHCI, still entered cells by CIE, suggesting that the routing of ubiquitinated cargo occurs after endocytosis. MARCH8 expression led to direct ubiquitination of CD98 and routing of CD98 to late endosomes/lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Eyster
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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36
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da Costa AN, Mijal RS, Keen JN, Findlay JBC, Wild CP. Proteomic analysis of the effects of the immunomodulatory mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Proteomics 2011; 11:1903-14. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Boname JM, Lehner PJ. What has the study of the K3 and K5 viral ubiquitin E3 ligases taught us about ubiquitin-mediated receptor regulation? Viruses 2011; 3:118-131. [PMID: 22049306 PMCID: PMC3206601 DOI: 10.3390/v3020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells communicate with each other and the outside world through surface receptors, which need to be tightly regulated to prevent both overstimulation and receptor desensitization. Understanding the processes involved in the homeostatic control of cell surface receptors is essential, but we are not alone in trying to regulate these receptors. Viruses, as the ultimate host pathogens, have co-evolved over millions of years and have both pirated and adapted host genes to enable viral pathogenesis. K3 and K5 (also known as MIR1 and MIR2) are viral ubiquitin E3 ligases from Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) which decrease expression of a number of cell surface receptors and have been used to interrogate cellular processes and improve our understanding of ubiquitin-mediated receptor endocytosis and degradation. In this review, we summarize what has been learned from the study of these viral genes and emphasize their role in elucidating the complexity of ubiquitin in receptor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Boname
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Paul J. Lehner
- School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; E-Mail:
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Kim Y, Elschenbroich S, Sharma P, Sepiashvili L, Gramolini AO, Kislinger T. Use of colloidal silica-beads for the isolation of cell-surface proteins for mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 748:227-41. [PMID: 21701978 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-139-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chaney and Jacobson first introduced the colloidal silica-bead protocol for the coating of cellular plasma membranes in the early 1980s. Since then, this method has been successfully incorporated into a wide range of in vitro and in vivo applications for the isolation of cell-surface proteins. The principle is simple - cationic colloidal silica microbeads are introduced to a suspension or monolayer of cells in culture. Electrostatic interactions between the beads and the negatively charged plasma membrane, followed by cross-linking to the membrane with an anionic polymer, ensure attachment and maintain the native protein conformation. Cells are subsequently ruptured, and segregation of the resulting plasma membrane sheets from the remaining- cell constituents is achieved by ultracentrifugation through density gradients. The resulting membrane-bead pellet is treated with various detergents or chaotropic agents (i.e., urea) to elute bound proteins. If proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry is desired, proteins are denatured, carbamidomethylated, and digested into peptides prior to chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunee Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bartee E, Eyster CA, Viswanathan K, Mansouri M, Donaldson JG, Früh K. Membrane-Associated RING-CH proteins associate with Bap31 and target CD81 and CD44 to lysosomes. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15132. [PMID: 21151997 PMCID: PMC2996310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) proteins represent a family of transmembrane ubiquitin ligases modulating intracellular trafficking and turnover of transmembrane protein targets. While homologous proteins encoded by gamma-2 herpesviruses and leporipoxviruses have been studied extensively, limited information is available regarding the physiological targets of cellular MARCH proteins. To identify host cell proteins targeted by the human MARCH-VIII ubiquitin ligase we used stable isotope labeling of amino-acids in cell culture (SILAC) to monitor MARCH-dependent changes in the membrane proteomes of human fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, we observed that MARCH-VIII reduced the surface expression of Bap31, a chaperone that predominantly resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We demonstrate that Bap31 associates with the transmembrane domains of several MARCH proteins and controls intracellular transport of MARCH proteins. In addition, we observed that MARCH-VIII reduced the surface expression of the hyaluronic acid-receptor CD44 and both MARCH-VIII and MARCH-IV sequestered the tetraspanin CD81 in endo-lysosomal vesicles. Moreover, gene knockdown of MARCH-IV increased surface levels of endogenous CD81 suggesting a constitutive involvement of this family of ubiquitin ligases in the turnover of tetraspanins. Our data thus suggest a role of MARCH-VIII and MARCH-IV in the regulated turnover of CD81 and CD44, two ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bartee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Craig A. Eyster
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kasinath Viswanathan
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mandana Mansouri
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Julie G. Donaldson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Quo Vadis: where are you going? Advances in MS-based proteomics have enabled research to move from obtaining the basic protein inventory of cells and organelles to the ability of monitoring their dynamics, including changes in abundance, location and various PTMs. In this respect, the cellular plasma membrane is of particular interest, by not only serving as a barrier between the "cell interior" and the external environment, but moreover by organizing and clustering essential components to enable dynamic responses to internal and external stimuli. Defining and characterizing the dynamic plasma membrane proteome is crucial for understanding fundamental biological processes, disease mechanisms and for finding drug targets. Protein identification, characterization of dynamic PTMs and protein-ligand interactions, and determination of transient changes in protein expression and composition are among the challenges in functional proteomic studies of the plasma membrane. We review the recent progress in MS-based plasma membrane proteomics by presenting key examples from eukaryotic systems, including mammals, yeast and plants. We highlight the importance of enrichment and quantification technologies required for detailed functional and comparative analysis of the dynamic plasma membrane proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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41
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Nice TJ, Deng W, Coscoy L, Raulet DH. Stress-regulated targeting of the NKG2D ligand Mult1 by a membrane-associated RING-CH family E3 ligase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:5369-76. [PMID: 20870941 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
NKG2D is a stimulatory receptor expressed by NK cells and some T cell subsets. Expression of the self-encoded ligands for NKG2D is presumably tightly regulated to prevent autoimmune disorders while allowing detection of infected cells and developing tumors. The NKG2D ligand Mult1 is regulated at multiple levels, with a final layer of regulation controlling protein stability. In this article, we report that Mult1 cell-surface expression was prevented by two closely related E3 ubiquitin ligases membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH)4 and MARCH9, members of an E3 family that regulates other immunologically active proteins. Lysines within the cytoplasmic domain of Mult1 were essential for this repression by MARCH4 or MARCH9. Downregulation of Mult1 by MARCH9 was reversed by heat-shock treatment, which resulted in the dissociation of the two proteins and increased the amount of Mult1 at the cell surface. These results identify Mult1 as a target for the MARCH family of E3 ligases and show that induction of Mult1 in response to heat shock is due to regulated association with its E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
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42
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Weekes MP, Antrobus R, Lill JR, Duncan LM, Hör S, Lehner PJ. Comparative analysis of techniques to purify plasma membrane proteins. J Biomol Tech 2010; 21:108-115. [PMID: 20808639 PMCID: PMC2922835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this project was to identify the best method for the enrichment of plasma membrane (PM) proteins for proteomics experiments. Following tryptic digestion and extended liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry acquisitions, data were processed using MaxQuant and Gene Ontology (GO) terms used to determine protein subcellular localization. The following techniques were examined for the total number and percentage purity of PM proteins identified: (a) whole cell lysate (total number, 84-112; percentage purity, 9-13%); (b) crude membrane preparation (104-111; 17-20%); (c) biotinylation of surface proteins with N-hydroxysulfosuccinimydyl-S,S-biotin and streptavidin pulldown (78-115; 27-31%); (d) biotinylation of surface glycoproteins with biocytin hydrazide and streptavidin pulldown (41-54; 59-85%); or (e) biotinylation of surface glycoproteins with amino-oxy-biotin (which labels the sialylated fraction of PM glycoproteins) and streptavidin pulldown (120; 65%). A two- to threefold increase in the overall number of proteins identified was achieved by using stop and go extraction tip (StageTip)-based anion exchange (SAX) fractionation. Combining technique (e) with SAX fractionation increased the number of proteins identified to 281 (54%). Analysis of GO terms describing these proteins identified a large subset of proteins integral to the membrane with no subcellular assignment. These are likely to be of PM location and bring the total PM protein identifications to 364 (68%). This study suggests that selective biotinylation of the cell surface using amino-oxy-biotin in combination with SAX fractionation is a useful method for identification of sialylated PM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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43
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Gilmore JM, Washburn MP. Advances in shotgun proteomics and the analysis of membrane proteomes. J Proteomics 2010; 73:2078-91. [PMID: 20797458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of shotgun proteomics has facilitated the numerous biological discoveries made by proteomic studies. However, comprehensive proteomic analysis remains challenging and shotgun proteomics is a continually changing field. This review details the recent developments in shotgun proteomics and describes emerging technologies that will influence shotgun proteomics going forward. In addition, proteomic studies of integral membrane proteins remain challenging due to the hydrophobic nature in integral membrane proteins and their general low abundance levels. However, there have been many strategies developed for enriching, isolating and separating membrane proteins for proteomic analysis that have moved this field forward. In summary, while shotgun proteomics is a widely used and mature technology, the continued pace of improvements in mass spectrometry and proteomic technology and methods indicate that future studies will have an even greater impact on biological discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Gilmore
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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44
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Viral hijacking of the host ubiquitin system to evade interferon responses. Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:517-23. [PMID: 20699190 PMCID: PMC2939720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational attachment of ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like modifiers (ULMs) to proteins regulates many cellular processes including the generation of innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogens. Vice versa, pathogens counteract immune defense by inhibiting or redirecting the ubiquitination machinery of the host. A common immune evasion strategy is for viruses to target host immunoproteins for proteasomal or lysosomal degradation by employing viral or host ubiquitin ligases. By degrading key host adaptor and signaling molecules, viruses thus disable multiple immune response pathways including the production of and response to interferons as well as other innate host defense mechanisms. Recent work further revealed that viruses inhibit the ligation of ubiquitin or ULMs or remove ubiquitin from host cell proteins. Thus, viruses succeed in either stabilizing negative regulators of innate immune signaling or thwart host cell proteins that are activated by ubiquitin or ULM-modification.
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45
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Smith KGC, Clatworthy MR. FcgammaRIIB in autoimmunity and infection: evolutionary and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:328-43. [PMID: 20414206 PMCID: PMC4148599 DOI: 10.1038/nri2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
FcgammaRIIB is the only inhibitory Fc receptor. It controls many aspects of immune and inflammatory responses, and variation in the gene encoding this protein has long been associated with susceptibility to autoimmune disease, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). FcgammaRIIB is also involved in the complex regulation of defence against infection. A loss-of-function polymorphism in FcgammaRIIB protects against severe malaria, the investigation of which is beginning to clarify the evolutionary pressures that drive ethnic variation in autoimmunity. Our increased understanding of the function of FcgammaRIIB also has potentially far-reaching therapeutic implications, being involved in the mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulin, controlling the efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy and providing a direct therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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46
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Leth-Larsen R, Lund RR, Ditzel HJ. Plasma membrane proteomics and its application in clinical cancer biomarker discovery. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1369-82. [PMID: 20382631 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r900006-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane proteins that are exposed on the cell surface have important biological functions, such as signaling into and out of the cells, ion transport, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The expression level of many of the plasma membrane proteins involved in these key functions is altered on cancer cells, and these proteins may also be subject to post-translational modification, such as altered phosphorylation and glycosylation. Additional protein alterations on cancer cells confer metastatic capacities, and some of these cell surface proteins have already been successfully targeted by protein drugs, such as human antibodies, that have enhanced survival of several groups of cancer patients. The combination of novel analytical approaches and subcellular fractionation procedures has made it possible to study the plasma membrane proteome in more detail, which will elucidate cancer biology, particularly metastasis, and guide future development of novel drug targets. The technical advances in plasma membrane proteomics and the consequent biological revelations will be discussed herein. Many of the advances have been made using cancer cell lines, but because the main goal of this research is to improve individualized treatment and increase cancer patient survival, further development is crucial to direct analysis of clinically relevant patient samples. These efforts include optimized specimen handling and preparation as well as improved proteomics platforms. Identification of potentially useful proteomics-based biomarkers must be validated in larger, well defined retrospective and prospective clinical studies, and these combined efforts should result in identification of biomarkers that will greatly improve early detection, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Leth-Larsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, JB Winsløwsvej 25.3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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