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Tang J, Xu J, Xu J, Fan Z, Ye X, Xia Z, Guo M. Soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone-based microneedles loaded with Sanguis draconis and Salvia miltiorrhiza for treatment of diabetic wound healing. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13671. [PMID: 38558153 PMCID: PMC10982673 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, diabetic wound healing remains a crucial challenge due to their protracted and uncertain healing process. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated the therapeutic value of Sanguis draconis (SD)-Salvia miltiorrhiza (SMR) Herb Pair in diabetic wound healing. However, new administration modes are urgently needed for their convenient and wide-ranging applications. OBJECTIVE We propose a soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone-based microneedle patch containing the herbal extracts of SD and SMR (MN-SD@SMR) for diabetic wound healing. METHODS The herbal extracts of SD and SMR are purification and concentration via traditional lyophilization. SD endowed MN-SD@SMR with functions to improve high glycemic blood environment and migration of keratinocyte and fibroblast cells. RESULTS SMR in MN-SD@SMR could improve blood flow velocity and microcirculation in the wound area. The effectiveness of transdermal release and mechanical strengths of MN-SD@SMR were verified. CONCLUSION Integrating the advantages of these purified herbal compositions, we demonstrated that MN-SD@SMR had a positive healing effect on the wounds in vitro and vivo. These results indicate that soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone-based microneedle patch containing the herbal extracts of SD and SMR has a promising application value due to their superior capability to promote diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangdong Tang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringJiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Jiawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jianda Xu
- Department of OrthopaedicsChangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical HospitalAffiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Zhenmin Fan
- School of Mechanical EngineeringJiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xia Ye
- School of Mechanical EngineeringJiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Zhongyu Xia
- Department of OrthopaedicsChangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical HospitalAffiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChangzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Meifeng Guo
- Department of OrthopaedicsChangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical HospitalAffiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChangzhouJiangsuChina
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Wang L, Liu Y, Wei J, Liang X, Zhang Y. Effects of intravenous thrombolysis with and without salvianolic acids for injection on the functional recovery of patients with acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 37092721 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
In patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the effect of salvianolic acids for injection (SAFI) as the secondary treatment after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SAFI for patients with AIS undergoing IVT. We searched seven electronic databases and two registries from inception to July 24, 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of SAFI plus recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on the functional recovery compared to rt-PA alone in patients with AIS. Two independent authors selected RCTs, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A meta-analysis was conducted. Eight RCTs involving 682 patients with AIS were included. Compared to patients receiving intravenous rt-PA alone, those receiving intravenous rt-PA combined with SAFI had a higher likelihood of achieving favorable functional outcomes at 3 months. In addition, the use of SAFI for 2 weeks was associated with better neurological recovery. The evidence of benefit was confirmed by trial sequential analysis (TSA). The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage did not differ between the two groups. In patients with AIS, intravenous rt-PA combined with SAFI might achieve better functional outcomes. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of SAFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuding Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen J, Ruan Z, Lou H, Yang D, Shao R, Xu Y, Hu X, Jiang B. First-in-human study to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid A and pharmacokinetic simulation using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907208. [PMID: 36408276 PMCID: PMC9672460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a water-soluble phenolic acid component from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge currently under development for myocardial protection treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending doses of SAA. Additionally, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to simulate the pharmacokinetics of SAA. This was a first-in-human (FIH), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single, and multiple-dose study in 116 healthy Chinese subjects with the range of 10-300 mg and 60-200 mg SAA, respectively. SAA was well tolerated at all dose levels, following both single and multiple doses, with a low overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) which appeared to be no dose-related. The main pharmacokinetic parameter of SAA, assessed by the power model, was the lack of proportionality with the dose range after single dosing. The 90% CIs of the slope β of Cmax (1.214 [1.150-1.278]) and AUC0-t (1.222 [1.156-1.288]) were not within the predefined acceptance range, and the direction of the deviation was higher than expected. PBPK modeling suggested the transfer ability saturation of hepatic organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) might result in a relatively low distribution rate at higher doses. Clinical plasma concentrations observed were in good agreement with PBPK prediction. SAA showed well-characterized pharmacokinetics and was generally well tolerated in the dose range investigated. The PBPK model provides valuable pharmacokinetic knowledge for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hu KS, Chen CL, Ding HR, Wang TY, Zhu Q, Zhou YC, Chen JM, Mei JQ, Hu S, Huang J, Zhao WR, Mei LH. Production of Salvianic Acid A from l-DOPA via Biocatalytic Cascade Reactions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186088. [PMID: 36144828 PMCID: PMC9501478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianic acid A (SAA), as the main bioactive component of the traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, has important application value in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, a two-step bioprocess for the preparation of SAA from l-DOPA was developed. In the first step, l-DOPA was transformed to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DHPPA) using engineered Escherichia coli cells expressing membrane-bound L-amino acid deaminase from Proteus vulgaris. After that, the unpurified DHPPA was directly converted into SAA by permeabilized recombinant E. coli cells co-expressing d-lactate dehydrogenase from Pediococcus acidilactici and formate dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium vaccae N10. Under optimized conditions, 48.3 mM of SAA could be prepared from 50 mM of l-DOPA, with a yield of 96.6%. Therefore, the bioprocess developed here was not only environmentally friendly, but also exhibited excellent production efficiency and, thus, is promising for industrial SAA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shun Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Chong Le Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Huan Ru Ding
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tian Yu Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yi Chen Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jia Min Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jia Qi Mei
- Hangzhou Huadong Medicine Group Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310011, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Wei Rui Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Correspondence: (W.R.Z.); (L.H.M.); Tel.: +86-574-881-301-30 (W.R.Z.); +86-571-879-531-61(L.H.M.)
| | - Le He Mei
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua 321019, China
- Correspondence: (W.R.Z.); (L.H.M.); Tel.: +86-574-881-301-30 (W.R.Z.); +86-571-879-531-61(L.H.M.)
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Ma DC, Zhang NN, Zhang YN, Chen HS. Salvianolic Acids for Injection alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by switching M1/M2 phenotypes and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis axis in microglia in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113776. [PMID: 33421597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE After cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes of microglia are involved in neuroinflammation, in which activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis play essential roles. Salvianolic Acids for Injection (SAFI) is Chinese medicine injection which composed of multiple phenolic acids extracted from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, and has been reported to generate neuroprotective effects after cerebral ischemic insult in clinical and animal studies. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate whether SAFI exerts neuroprotective effects by switching microglial phenotype and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis axis in microglia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in co-cultured primary neurons and primary microglia were utilized. The neuroprotective effect of SAFI was evaluated through measuring neurological deficit scores, neuropathological changes, inflammatory factors, cell phenotype markers, and related proteins of NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis axis. RESULTS The results showed that SAFI treatment was able to: (1) produce a significant increase in neurological deficit scores and decrease in infarct volumes, and alleviate histological injury and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral cortex in MCAO/R model; (2) increase neuronal viability and reduce neuronal apoptosis in the OGD model; (3) reshape microglial polarization patterns from M1-like phenotype to M2-like phenotype; (4) inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the expression of proteins related to NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis axis in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that SAFI exert neuroprotective effect, probably via reducing neuronal apoptosis, switching microglial phenotype from M1 towards M2, and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis axis in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Chao Ma
- Graduate College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China
| | - Yi-Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China.
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Cao W, Yang Q, Zhang W, Xu Y, Wang S, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Li R, Gao R. Drug-drug interactions between salvianolate injection and aspirin based on their metabolic enzymes. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111203. [PMID: 33401223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine leads to interactions in pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs). In this study, the influence of salvianolate and aspirin on metabolic enzymes, and the relationship between the blood concentration and pharmacodynamic indexes, were determined. METHOD In this, randomized, parallel-grouped, single-center clinical trial, 18 patients with coronary heart disease were randomly allocated into three groups: aspirin (AP) group, salvianolate (SV) group, and combination (A + S) group. All treatment courses lasted for 10 days, and blood samples were acquired before and after administration at different timepoints. The expression of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), CD62p, procaspase-activating compound 1 (PAC-1), P2Y12, phosphodiesterase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8) were compared with variance analysis The blood concentrations were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Sixteen subjects completed the study. No significant difference in COMT was found among groups, although there was a decrease in the SV group. The PK results indicated that the absorption time of salicylic acid was shortened and the AUC0-∞ decreased and the elimination time of salvianolic acid B was prolonged and the AUC0-∞ decreased. The PD results declined after administration. A significant difference was found in MAPK8, CD62p, and P2Y12 expression. Compared with the SV group, a significant difference in P2Y12 in the A + S group was found. CONCLUSION A pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction was found in the aspirin and salvianolate combination. Pharmacodynamically, there was no difference between the A + S and AP groups. However, P2Y12 expression in the combination group was superior to that in the SV group. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS The trial was registered on October 9, 2017, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03306550. https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0007D8H&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0003QY8&ts=2&cx=oiuc9g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Cao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Qiaoning Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wantong Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yonggang Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shuge Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhongning Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Rui Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Rui Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
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The Effect of Salvianolic Acid on Vascular Protection and Possible Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5472096. [PMID: 33062143 PMCID: PMC7533016 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5472096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), as an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases for hundreds of years. Salvianolic acids (salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B) as the most abundant water-soluble component extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza have attracted more and more attention from cardiovascular scientists due to its comprehensive cardiovascular actions. In vivo and in vitro studies have rendered salvianolic acid an excellent drug candidate for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we surveyed the protective effects of salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B against cardiovascular diseases and the pharmacological basis, providing a strong scientific rationale for elucidating the important role of Salvia miltiorrhiza in cardiovascular therapy. More importantly, we also hope to provide new inspiration and perspectives on the development and innovation of small-molecule cardiovascular drugs based on salvianolic acid.
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Shahzadi I, Ali Z, Bukhari S, Narula AS, Mirza B, Mohammadinejad R. Possible applications of salvianolic acid B against different cancers. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:218-238. [PMID: 36046777 PMCID: PMC9400738 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second death causing disease worldwide after cardiovascular abnormalities. The difficulty in treating tumor cells with more precise targeted interventions and recurrence of cancer after treatment may pose great difficulty in developing sustainable therapeutic regimens. These limitations have prompted the need to explore several compounds with ability to cease tumor growth while at the same time induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Several studies have emphasized the use of natural compounds as antitumor agents due to their high efficacy against cancer cells and low toxicity in normal cells. Salvianolic acid B (SAB), a naturally occurring phenolic compound extracted from the radix of Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza can induce apoptosis in different types of tumor cells. It can be used to treat cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, hepatic fibrosis, and cancers. Several studies have shown that SAB can mitigate tumorigenesis by modulating MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF-ĸB signaling pathways. It also sensitizes the tumor cells to different anti-cancer agents by reversing the multi-drug resistance mechanisms found in tumor cells. This review summarizes the studies showing antitumor potential of SAB in different types of cancer cell lines, animal models and highlights the possible mechanisms through which SAB can induce apoptosis, inhibit growth and metastasis in tumor cells. Moreover, the possible role of nano-technological approaches to induce targeted delivery of SAB to eradicate tumor cells has been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Shahzadi
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ali
- Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Bukhari
- Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Naula Research, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | | | - Bushra Mirza
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran
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Guo Y, Yang Q, Weng XG, Wang YJ, Hu XQ, Zheng XJ, Li YJ, Zhu XX. Shenlian Extract Against Myocardial Injury Induced by Ischemia Through the Regulation of NF-κB/IκB Signaling Axis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:134. [PMID: 32210797 PMCID: PMC7069067 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), caused predominantly by atherosclerosis, is a leading cause of global mortality. Our previous studies showed that Shenlian extract (SL) could prevent the formation of atherosclerosis and enhance the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. To further investigate the protective effects of SL on myocardial ischemic injury and its possible mechanisms, anesthetized dogs, ex vivo rat hearts, and H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used as models. The results showed that SL had a significant protective effect on the anesthetized dog ligating coronary artery model, reduced the degree of myocardial ischemia (Σ-ST), and reduced the scope of myocardial ischemia (N-ST). Meanwhile, SL alleviated ischemic reperfusion damage in ex vivo rat hearts with improved LVEDP and ± dp/dtmax values of the left ventricle. SL reduced the pathological changes of LDH, IL-1β, MDA, and NO contents, all of which are related to the expression of NF-κB. Further analysis by Bio-Plex array and signal pathway blocker revealed that the phosphorylation of IκB was a key factor for SL to inhibit myocardial ischemic injury, and the regulation of SL on IκB was primarily related to degradation of the IκB protein. These results provided dependable evidence that SL could protect against myocardial ischemic injury through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Weng
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jie Wang
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Qi Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zheng
- Pharmacy Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhu
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Du G, Song J, Du L, Zhang L, Qiang G, Wang S, Yang X, Fang L. Chemical and pharmacological research on the polyphenol acids isolated from Danshen: A review of salvianolic acids. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 87:1-41. [PMID: 32089230 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, is a common medicinal herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been used for the treatment of a number of diseases for thousands of years. More than 2000 years ago, the Chinese early pharmacy monograph "Shennong Materia Medica" recorded that Danshen could be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, certain gynecological diseases, etc. Since then, Danshen has been widely used clinically in many different prescriptions for many different diseases, especially for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, many pharmacological studies about the water-soluble components from Danshen have been reported, especially salvianolic acids. It turned out that salvianolic acids showed strong anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-thrombic activities, and among them, SalAA and SalAB were the most potent. This review focused on the achievements in research of salvianolic acids regarding their bioactivities and pharmacological effects. These studies not only shed light on the water-soluble active components of Danshen and their mechanisms at the molecular level, but also provided theoretical information for the development of new medicines from Danshen for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Junke Song
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guifen Qiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhua Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Piao CL, Luo JL, Jin D, Tang C, Wang L, Lian FM, Tong XL. Utilizing network pharmacology to explore the underlying mechanism of Radix Salviae in diabetic retinopathy. Chin Med 2019; 14:58. [PMID: 31892939 PMCID: PMC6936117 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radix Salviae (Dan-shen in pinyin), a classic Chinese herb, has been extensively used to treat diabetic retinopathy in clinical practice in China for many years. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of Radix Salviae remain vague. The aim of this study was to decrypt the underlying mechanisms of Radix Salviae in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy using a systems pharmacology approach. METHODS A network pharmacology-based strategy was proposed to elucidate the underlying multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mode of action of Radix Salviae against diabetic retinopathy. First, we collected putative targets of Radix Salviae based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database and a network of the interactions among the putative targets of Radix Salviae and known therapeutic targets of diabetic retinopathy was built. Then, two topological parameters, "degree" and "closeness certainty" were calculated to identify the major targets in the network. Furthermore, the major hubs were imported to the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery to perform a pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS A total of 130 nodes, including 18 putative targets of Radix Salviae, were observed to be major hubs in terms of topological importance. The results of pathway enrichment analysis indicated that putative targets of Radix Salviae mostly participated in various pathways associated with angiogenesis, protein metabolism, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. The putative targets of Radix Salviae (vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, plasminogen, insulin-like growth factor-1, and cyclooxygenase-2) were recognized as active factors involved in the main biological functions of treatment, which implied that these were involved in the underlying mechanisms of Radix Salviae on diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Radix Salviae could alleviate diabetic retinopathy via the molecular mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology. This research demonstrates that the network pharmacology approach can be an effective tool to reveal the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine from a holistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Piao
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
| | - Jin-Li Luo
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
| | - De Jin
- Institution of Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
| | - Li Wang
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Institution of Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Institution of Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100000 China
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12
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Ma L, Feng X, Wang K, Song Y, Luo R, Yang C. Dexamethasone promotes mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis and inhibits osteogenesis by disrupting mitochondrial dynamics. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 10:211-220. [PMID: 31788976 PMCID: PMC6996403 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long‐term or heavy use of glucocorticoids can cause severe necrosis of the femoral head, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recent studies have found that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in femoral head necrosis. Here, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on the mitochondrial function of mesenchymal stem cells. We observed that high concentrations of dexamethasone (10−6 mol·L−1) decreased cell activity, promoted apoptosis, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, dexamethasone (10−6 mol·L−1) inhibited osteogenesis of stem cells and promoted adipogenesis. These findings may facilitate greater understanding of the adverse effects of dexamethasone on the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Li R, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li Z, Fang M. Simultaneous Quantification of Seven Constituents from Zaoren Anshen Prescription and Four Endogenic Components in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-TSQ-MS/MS and the Application of the Correlation Study. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:855-863. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | | | - Zhuo Li
- Xi’an Institute for Food and Drug Control
| | - Minfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
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14
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Joung JY, Lee JS, Cho JH, Lee DS, Son CG. Acute and repeated toxicological study of Myelophil, an ethanol extract of a mixture of Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, in beagle dogs. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:166. [PMID: 31286942 PMCID: PMC6615141 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the pharmaceutical safety of Myelophil, an ethanol extract of a mixture of Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, using both acute and repeated toxicological studies. METHODS A total of 40 beagle dogs (20 each male and female) were fed doses up to 5,000 mg/kg for the acute study and up to 1,250 mg/kg for the 13-week repeated dose toxicological study. Adverse effects were examined intensively by comparing the differences between normal and drug-administered groups using clinical signs, autopsies, histopathological findings, hematology, urinalysis, and biochemical analysis. RESULTS No mortality or drug-related clinical signs were observed in the Myelophil-treated groups, except for vomiting due to an excessive dose (5,000 mg/kg). Likewise, in the repeated toxicity test, compound-colored stools in the Myelophil-treated groups and soft stools in all groups, including the control, were observed. No drug-related abnormalities were found in the histopathology, hematology, urinalysis, and biochemical analyses for any doses of Myelophil. CONCLUSION These results support the safety of Myelophil with a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 1250 mg/kg in beagle dogs, which corresponds to a human equivalent dose (HED) of 694 g/kg.
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15
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The prevention of radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in human intestinal epithelial cells by salvianic acid A. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Ye T, Qu H, Gong X. Preparation of Salvianolic Acid B Disodium Salt Considering the Water Extract Quality Standard. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071269. [PMID: 30939842 PMCID: PMC6479940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A preparation process of salvianolic acid B (SAB) disodium salt from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) is provided in this work. A water extract quality standard was also developed to estimate the influences of Danshen quality on SAB disodium salt quality at an early stage of the preparation process. Crude SAB solution was obtained after water extraction, concentration, acidification, 1-butanol extraction, water washing, basification, and water back extraction. Extraction temperature, extraction pH, and back-extraction pH were identified to be key parameters for the preparation of crude SAB solution. These parameters were optimized with Box⁻Behnken designed experiments. Crude SAB solution was further purified with a chromatography process. AMBERCHROW CG161M resin was selected as the best adsorbent. SAB disodium salt could be obtained by drying the eluate. Considering the quality of Danshen may affect the purity and yield of SAB disodium salt, different batches of Danshen were used to prepare SAB disodium salt with the optimized parameters. Water extract indices of phenolic compound purity and phenolic compound yield were measured. By developing models between SAB disodium salt purity and yield with water extract indices, the quality standard of Danshen water extract was obtained. The application of water extract quality standards can improve the quality consistency of SAB disodium salt. The effects of different batches of Danshen raw materials on the final product could be evaluated at the beginning of production stages. The present method could prepare about five grams of high-purity SAB disodium salt (>95%) in one preparation cycle. The method reported in this work can also be used to develop process intermediate quality standards for other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Ye
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xingchu Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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17
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Potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of salvianic acid A against atherosclerosis in vivo and vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:945-956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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18
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Lim JW, Chee SX, Wong WJ, He QL, Lau TC. Traditional Chinese medicine: herb-drug interactions with aspirin. Singapore Med J 2018; 59:230-239. [PMID: 29796686 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2018051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-based herbal therapies have gained increasing popularity worldwide, raising concerns of its efficacy, safety profile and potential interactions with Western medications. Antithrombotic agents are among the most common prescription drugs involved in herb-drug interactions, and this article focused on aspirin, one of the most widely used antiplatelet agents worldwide. We discussed herbs that have potential interactions by exploring Western and TCM approaches to thrombotic events. Common TCM indications for these herbs were also highlighted, including possible scenarios of their concurrent usage with aspirin. With greater awareness and understanding of potential herb-drug interactions, TCM and Western physicians may collaborate more closely to identify, treat and, most importantly, prevent adverse drug events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei Lim
- University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Wen Jun Wong
- Eu Yan Sang Integrative Health Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | - Qiu Ling He
- Eu Yan Sang Integrative Health Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | - Tang Ching Lau
- University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore.,Division of Rheumatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
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19
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Li ZM, Xu SW, Liu PQ. Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:802-824. [PMID: 29698387 PMCID: PMC5943903 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen) is an eminent medicinal herb that possesses broad cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective actions and has been used in Asian countries for many centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that Danshen and its components prevent vascular diseases, in particular, atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The published literature indicates that lipophilic constituents (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIa, tanshinone IIb, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone, etc) as well as hydrophilic constituents (danshensu, salvianolic acid A and B, protocatechuic aldehyde, etc) contribute to the cardiovascular protective actions of Danshen, suggesting a potential synergism among these constituents. Herein, we provide a systematic up-to-date review on the cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential of major pharmacologically active constituents of Danshen. These bioactive compounds will serve as excellent drug candidates in small-molecule cardiovascular drug discovery. This article also provides a scientific rationale for understanding the traditional use of Danshen in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suo-wen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Pei-qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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20
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Zhao A, Zhang L, Li R, Shang J, Yi H, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wang S, Fang M. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of seven constituents in rat plasma and application in a pharmacokinetic study of the Zaoren Anshen prescription. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 28744886 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, specific and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven constituents of the Zaoren Anshen prescription (ZAP) in rat plasma after oral administration of the ZAP: spinosin, salvianic acid A, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, protocatechualdehyde, salvianolic acid B, schisandrin and deoxyschisandrin. The plasma samples and the internal standard (IS) sulfamethoxazole were extracted using acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was performed with an Agilent HC-C18 column using a gradient elution profile and a mobile phase consisting of 0.01% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B). The analytes were quantified simultaneously in a single run using an ion trap mass spectrometer operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode and electrospray ion-source polarity in the positive and negative modes. The calibration curves for spinosin, salvianic acid A, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, protocatechualdehyde, salvianolic acid B, schisandrin and deoxyschisandrin were linear over the concentration ranges of 2.90-1160, 2.50-1000, 1.80-720, 0.65-260, 2.50-1000, 8.00-1600 and 1.30-520 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions in terms of relative standard deviation were <18.9%, and the accuracies in terms of relative error were within ±14.2%. Consequently, the proposed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic analysis of these seven major active compounds in rats administered ZAP. These results will facilitate research aiming to predict the effectiveness of the optimal dose of ZAP and might be beneficial for the therapeutic use of ZAP in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Shang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huihui Yi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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21
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Song Q, Han X, Xue Y, Song T, Chu X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Chu L. Effects of salvianolic acid B on L-type calcium channels and myocardial contractility in isolated rat ventricular myocytes and hERG K + channels expressed in HEK293 cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:791-799. [PMID: 28477086 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), one of the chief water-soluble constituents in Radix Salviae Milthiorrhizae, has often been reported to possess considerable cardiovascular regulatory effects. However, the underlying biochemical and cellular mechanisms of its cardioprotection remain unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the role of Sal B regulation in L-type Ca2+ channel currents (ICa,L) and cell contractility in rat cardiomyocytes and hERG K+ channels expressed in HEK293 cells with the patch-clamp and Ca2+ imaging techniques to clarify its underlying cardioprotective mechanisms. Exposure to Sal B blocked ICa,L with IC50 of 2.07 × 10-5 M, shifted the curves of current and voltage upwards, shifted the curves of activation and inactivation to the left, and significantly inhibited the amplitude of the cell shortening, but the regulatory effects of Sal B on the expressed rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) did not reach a significant level. These results indicate that the cardioprotective mechanisms of Sal B may be related to the attenuation of calcium overload by directly inhibiting ICa,L and consequently decreasing myocardial contractility without causing drug-induced long QT syndrome (LQTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongtao Song
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Xue Han
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Yuchong Xue
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Tao Song
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Xi Chu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.
| | - Li Chu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China.
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22
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Toward a scientific understanding of the effectiveness, material basis and prescription compatibility of a Chinese herbal formula Dan-hong injection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46266. [PMID: 28393856 PMCID: PMC5385876 DOI: 10.1038/srep46266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a complex mixture of multiple components, the application of methodologies for evaluating single-components Western medicine in TCM studies may have certain limitations. Appropriate strategies that recognize the integrality of TCM and connect to TCM theories remain to be developed. Here we use multiple unique approaches to study the scientific connotation of a TCM formula Dan-hong injection (DHI) without undermining its prescription integrity. The blood circulation improving and healing promoting effects of DHI were assessed by a qi stagnation blood stasis rat model and a mouse model of laser irradiation induced cerebral microvascular thrombosis. By UFLC-PDA-Triple Q-TOF-MS/MS and relevance analysis between chemical characters and biological effects, 82 chemical constituents and nine core components, whose blood circulation promoting effects were found comparable to that of whole DHI, were successfully identified. What’s more, the rationality of DHI prescription compatibility could be reflected not only in the maximum efficacy of the original ratio, but also in the interactions of compounds from different ingredient herbs, such as complementary activities and facilitating tissues distribution. This study provides scientific evidences in explanation of the clinical benefits of DHI, and also gives a good demonstration for the comprehensive evaluation of other TCM.
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23
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Song Y, Gao H, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Jin X, Sun J. Prescription Optimization and Oral Bioavailability Study of Salvianolic Acid Extracts W/O/W Multiple Emulsion. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:2081-2087. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Sixi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Xiangqun Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University
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24
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Lin C, Liu Z, Lu Y, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Kuai M, Sun X, Sun S, Jing Y, Yu L, Li Y, Zhang Q, Bian H. Cardioprotective effect of Salvianolic acid B on acute myocardial infarction by promoting autophagy and neovascularization and inhibiting apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:941-52. [PMID: 27139338 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats and its potential mechanisms. METHODS The AMI model was established in rats to study the effect of Sal B on AMI. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the pathological change in AMI rats. Immunofluorescence and TUNEL staining were used to detect autophagy and apoptosis of myocardial cells in hearts of AMI rats, respectively. Protein expression of apoptosis-related, autophagy-related and angiogenesis-related proteins were examined by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Sal B attenuated myocardial infarction significantly compared with that of the model group. Rats administered with Sal B showed higher inhibition rate of infarction and lower infarct size than those of the model group. Moreover, Sal B decreased the serum levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde, while increased such level of superoxide dismutase significantly compared with those of the model group. Sal B inhibited the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP, while promoted the expression of Bcl-2, LC3-II, Beclin1 and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS Sal B has cardioprotective effect on AMI and Sal B may be a promising candidate for AMI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiyu Kuai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuaijun Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing, China
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25
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Jin X, Zhang SB, Li SM, Liang K, Jia ZY. Influence of Chitosan Nanoparticles as the Absorption Enhancers on Salvianolic acid B In vitro and In vivo Evaluation. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:57-63. [PMID: 27019562 PMCID: PMC4787338 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.176047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Salvianolic acid B (SalB) represents the most abundant and bio-active phenolic constituent among the water-soluble compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza. But the therapeutic potential of SalB has been significantly restricted by its poor absorption. Methods: In this study, chitosans (CS) and CS nanoparticles (NPs) with different molecular weights (MWs), which have influence on the absorption of SalB, was also investigated. Results: As a preliminary study, water-soluble CS with various MWs (3, 30, 50, and 100 kDa) was chosen. We investigated the MW-dependent Caco-2 cell layer transport phenomena in vitro of CS and NPs at concentrations (4 μg/ml, w/v). SalB, in presence CS or NPs has no significant toxic effect on Caco-2 cell. As the MW increases, the absorption enhancing effect of CS increases. However, as the MW decreases, the absorption enhancing effect of NPs increases. The AUC0–∞ of the SalB-100 kDa CS was 4.25 times greater than that of free SalB. And the AUC0–∞ of the SalB-3 kDa NPs was 16.03 times greater than that of free SalB. Conclusion: CS and NPs with different MWs as the absorption enhancers can promote the absorption of SalB. And the effect on NPs is better than CS. SUMMARY Formation mechanism for NPs
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The SuqianFirst Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Shi-Bing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The SuqianFirst Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Shi-Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The SuqianFirst Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Depratment of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zeng-Yong Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, The SuqianFirst Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
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26
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Miao J, Sun W, Huang J, Liu X, Li S, Han X, Tong L, Sun G. Characterization of metabolites in rats after intravenous administration of salvianolic acid for injection by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1487-97. [PMID: 26910272 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is an essential requirement to clarify the metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections, which contain numerous ingredients, to assess their safe and effective use in clinic. Salvianolic acid for injection (SAFI), made from hydrophilic phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, but information on its metabolites in vivo is still lacking. In the present study, we aimed to holistically characterize the metabolites of the main active ingredients in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces following intravenous administration of SAFI. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) method was developed. Combining information on retention behaviors, multistage mass spectra and literature data, a total of eight prototypes and 52 metabolites were tentatively characterized. Metabolites originated from rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B comprised the majority of identified compounds. Meanwhile, four metabolites derived from salvianolic acid D and five from salvianolic acid B are reported for the first time. This study revealed that methylation, sulfation and glucuronidation were the major metabolic pathways of phenolic acids in SAFI in vivo. Furthermore, the developed UPLC/Q-TOF-MS method could also benefit the metabolic investigation of extracts and preparations in TCM with hydrophilic ingredients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhuo Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300402, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300402, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Li
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300402, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Han
- Qinghai Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xining, 810016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Tong
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300402, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
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Yu L, An C, Jia L, Li Y, Chen Q, Zhen F, Wang S, Wang M. Combination Therapy of Salvianolic Acid and Fluoxetine Improves the Cognitive Function of Rats with Chronic Stress-induced Depression. World Neurosurg 2015; 86:173-80. [PMID: 26431735 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the beneficial effects of salvianolic acid and fluoxetine on the improvement of cognitive function and amelioration of depression-like symptoms of rats with chronic stress-induced depression. METHODS Ninety-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups--a control group with no stress challenge and 4 chronic stress groups. Rats assigned to chronic stress groups were exposed to stress for 3 weeks, and then were given placebo, fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), salvianolic acid (40 mg/kg), or combined fluoxetine and salvianolic acid. Body weight of each rat was recorded throughout the study. Sucrose preference test and water maze experiment were performed after chronic stress challenge and after drug treatment to assess the effect of drug treatments on depressive-like symptoms and cognitive function. The sucrose preference test was also performed before chronic stress exposure for baseline measurement. RESULTS Exposure of rats to chronic stress for 3 weeks significantly reduced body weight and sucrose preference values compared with the no stress control. The water maze experiment showed that chronic stress impaired the spatial learning of rats as well. Treatment of stress-challenged rats with fluoxetine and fluoxetine combined with salvianolic acid resulted in shorter training latency and longer time spent in the target quadrant during the exploration stage of the water maze experiment compared with placebo treatment. Effect of the combined regimen was found more obvious. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy of salvianolic acid and fluoxetine could alleviate depression-like symptoms and cognitive deficit induced by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuixia An
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengya Zhen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Pharmacokinetic investigation on nteraction between hydrophilic lithospermic acid B and lipophilic tanshinone IIA in rats: an experimental study. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2015; 35:206-10. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Salvianolic acids attenuate rat hippocampal injury after acute CO poisoning by improving blood flow properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:526483. [PMID: 25705671 PMCID: PMC4331406 DOI: 10.1155/2015/526483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning causes the major injury and death due to poisoning worldwide. The most severe damage via CO poisoning is brain injury and mortality. Delayed encephalopathy after acute CO poisoning (DEACMP) occurs in forty percent of the survivors of acute CO exposure. But the pathological cause for DEACMP is not well understood. And the corresponding therapy is not well developed. In order to investigate the effects of salvianolic acid (SA) on brain injury caused by CO exposure from the view point of hemorheology, we employed a rat model and studied the dynamic of blood changes in the hemorheological and coagulative properties over acute CO exposure. Compared with the groups of CO and 20% mannitol + CO treatments, the severe hippocampal injury caused by acute CO exposure was prevented by SA treatment. These protective effects were associated with the retaining level of hematocrit (Hct), plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, whole blood viscosities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in red blood cells (RBCs). These results indicated that SA treatment could significantly improve the deformation of erythrocytes and prevent the damage caused by CO poisoning. Meanwhile, hemorheological indexes are good indicators for monitoring the pathological dynamic after acute CO poisoning.
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30
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Lu J, Song HP, Li P, Zhou P, Dong X, Chen J. Screening of direct thrombin inhibitors from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae by a peak fractionation approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 109:85-90. [PMID: 25819728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin plays a significant role in thromboembolic disease. In this work, a peak fractionation approach combined with an activity assay method was used to screen direct thrombin inhibitors from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM), a famous herbal remedy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. A total of 91 fractions were collected from the RSM extract, and 19 fractions out of them showed thrombin inhibitory effects with dose-effect relationship. Among them, three compounds were unambiguously identified as 15, 16-dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA with IC50 values of 29.39, 81.11 and 66.60μM, respectively. The three compounds were reported with direct thrombin inhibition activities for the first time and their ligand-thrombin interactions were explored by a molecular docking research. These results may contribute to explain the medical benefit of RSM for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Wang X, Li W, Ma X, Yan K, Chu Y, Han M, Li S, Zhang H, Zhou S, Zhu Y, Sun H, Liu C. Identification of a major metabolite of danshensu in rat urine and simultaneous determination of danshensu and its metabolite in plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Drug Test Anal 2014; 7:727-36. [PMID: 25557831 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Danshensu, as the effective component of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), has been widely used in clinical studies for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. A new metabolite, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyllactic acid was isolated from the urine of rats, and its chemical structure was identified by ultraviolet (UV), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Furthermore, a selective and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of danshensu and its major metabolite, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyllactic acid, in rat plasma after oral and intravenous administration of danshensu. The separation was performed on a Hypersil Gold C18 column (150 × 2.1 mm i.d., 3.0 µm, Thermo, San jose CA, USA) with gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Linear detection responses were obtained for danshensu and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyllactic acid ranging from 5 to 10000 ng/mL and 5 to 4000 ng/mL, respectively. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) for the two compounds were both 5 ng/mL. The intra-and inter-day precision (R.S.D %) were within 5.61% for the two analytes. The average recoveries of the analytes were greater than 72.43%. The method was proved to be stable during all sample storage, preparation and analytic procedures. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of danshensu and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyllactic acid after oral and intravenous administration of danshensu in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Wang
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Min Han
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Shuming Li
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - He Sun
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tianjin Tasly Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Tianjin State key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300193, China
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Wu Z, Li JN, Bai ZQ, Lin X. Antagonism by salvianolic acid B of lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rabbits. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:502-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Ji-nan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jian-nan Li
- Department of Parmacology; Medical College; Ji-nan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhi-quan Bai
- Department of Physiology; Medical College; Ji-nan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Parmacology; Medical College; Ji-nan University; Guangzhou China
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33
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Zhou J, Qu XD, Li ZY, Wei-Ji, Liu Q, Ma YH, He JJ. Salvianolic acid B attenuates toxin-induced neuronal damage via Nrf2-dependent glial cells-mediated protective activity in Parkinson's disease models. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101668. [PMID: 24991814 PMCID: PMC4081637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a bioactive compound isolated from the plant-derived medicinal herb Danshen, has been shown to exert various anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in several neurological disorders. In this study, we sought to investigate the potential protective effects and associated molecular mechanisms of SalB in Parkinson’s disease (PD) models. To determine the neuroprotective effects of SalB in vitro, MPP+- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuronal injury was achieved using primary cultures with different compositions of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. Our results showed that SalB reduced both LPS- and MPP+-induced toxicity of dopamine neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, SalB treatment inhibited the release of microglial pro-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in an increase in the expression and release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from astrocytes. Western blot analysis illustrated that SalB increased the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). The knockdown of Nrf2 using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially reversed the SalB-induced GDNF expression and anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, SalB treatment significantly attenuated dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss, inhibited neuroinflammation, increased GDNF expression and improved the neurological function in MPTP-treated mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that SalB protects DA neurons by an Nrf-2 -mediated dual action: reducing microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and inducing astrocyte activation-dependent GDNF expression. Importantly the present study also highlights critical roles of glial cells as targets for developing new strategies to alter the progression of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei-Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yi-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiao-Jiang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Behravan E, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of plants and their constituents in the therapy of cerebral ischemia. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1265-74. [PMID: 24919707 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand. This leads to cerebral hypoxia and thus to the death of neuronal cells or stroke. The limited number of medicines currently available for patients following ischemic stroke and insufficient data on efficiency of these chemicals in the treatment of stroke led us to the search for novel therapeutic approaches. Recent studies have focused on the possible capacity of natural compounds extracted from vegetables and fruits, to prevent human disabilities caused by cerebral ischemia. In this review, we will discuss some plants and their constituents that may protect brain ischemia or delay the neurological disorders following a stroke. We have reviewed different studies in scientific databases that investigate herbal compounds and their effects on cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Behravan
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Affinity selection-based two-dimensional chromatography coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for discovering xanthine oxidase inhibitors from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4987-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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Tang Y, Jacobi A, Vater C, Zou X, Stiehler M. Salvianolic acid B protects human endothelial progenitor cells against oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction by modulating Akt/mTOR/4EBP1, p38 MAPK/ATF2, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:34-49. [PMID: 24780446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is specifically sensitive to oxidative stress, and this is one of the mechanisms that causes widespread endothelial dysfunction in most cardiovascular diseases and disorders. Protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage via antioxidant mechanisms is essential for tissue maintenance and shows therapeutic potential for patients suffering from cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a natural bioactive component known from Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been reported to exert cellular protection in various types of cells. However, the underlying mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here, we showed that SalB significantly promoted the migratory and tube formation abilities of human bone marrow derived-endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) in vitro, and substantially abrogated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell damage. SalB down-regulated Nox4 and eNOS, as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase expression upon H2O2 induction that in turn prevents oxidative-induced endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, SalB suppressed the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and caspase-3 activation after H2O2 induction. Furthermore, our results provide mechanistic evidence that activation of the mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 pathways is required for both SalB-mediated angiogenic and protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cell injury in BM-EPCs. Suppression of MKK3/6-p38 MAPK-ATF2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways by SalB significantly protected BM-EPCs against cell injury caused by oxidative stress via reduction of intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis. Taken together, by providing a mechanistic insight into the modulation of redox states in BM-EPCs by SalB, we suggest that SalB has a strong potential of being a new proangiogenic and cytoprotective therapeutic agent with applications in the field of endothelial injury-mediated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Tang
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Angela Jacobi
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Corina Vater
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Maik Stiehler
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Zhang M, Cao SR, Zhang R, Jin JL, Zhu YF. The inhibitory effect of salvianolic acid B on TGF-β1-induced proliferation and differentiation in lung fibroblasts. Exp Lung Res 2014; 40:172-85. [PMID: 24669910 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.895070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), one of the major water-soluble compounds of Danshen (a popular Chinese herb), possesses many of the biological activities, such as antifibrogenic effect in liver and renal diseases. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis by stimulating extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and activating fibroblasts. Here, we investigated the effects of Sal B on cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, endogenous TGF-β1 production, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a marker of myofibroblasts) expression in human lung fibroblasts stimulated by TGF-β1 in vitro. The cell proliferation rates were analyzed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The expression of TGF-β1 and type I collagen at both the mRNA and protein levels was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The α-SMA expression was detected by Western blot. TGF-β1 treatment of lung fibroblasts increased cell proliferation rates, and enhanced the expression level of type I collagen, endogenous TGF-β1 production, and α-SMA expression (P < .05). The treatment with only Sal B did not affect the proliferation and differentiation of lung fibroblasts. Interestingly, Sal B was found to inhibit TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, expression of type I collagen, endogenous TGF-β1 production, and α-SMA expression in lung fibroblasts. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of Sal B on TGF-β1-induced proliferation and differentiation in lung fibroblasts was more significant when treated with high-dose Sal B (1 μmol/L versus 10 μmol/L, P < .05). These data demonstrate that Sal B inhibits TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine (ICU), Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Kan SL, Li J, Liu JP, Zhao Y. Preparation andIVIVCevaluation of salvianolic acid B micro-porous osmotic pump pellets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:476-81. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.879722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Ma W, Chen X, Hu S, Bai X, Li Q. Hollow Fiber/Solvent Bar Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Preconcentration and Determination of Tanshinones and Salvianolic Acids inRadix Salvia miltiorrhiza. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.836658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Yao YF, Wang CS, Qiao J, Zhao GR. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for production of salvianic acid A via an artificial biosynthetic pathway. Metab Eng 2013; 19:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Huang J, Qin Y, Liu B, Li GY, Ouyang L, Wang JH. In silico analysis and experimental validation of molecular mechanisms of salvianolic acid A-inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation, in RAW264.7 macrophages. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:595-605. [PMID: 24033467 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore mechanisms by which salvianolic acid A (SAA) revealed its anti-inflammatory activity, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nitric oxide (NO) concentration was determined by the Griess reaction and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Interleukin-6, TNFα and interleukin-1β were determined by ELISA. The RAW264.7 cells were transfected with siRNA against p38 or HO-1. Expressions of COX-2, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), NF-κB, HO-1, p-p38 and phosphorylation of IκB kinase α/β were detected by western blotting. Potential targets of SAA were analysed by homology modelling, target prediction, protein-protein interaction prediction and docking studies. RESULTS Salvianolic acid A suppressed LPS-triggered production of NO, TNFα and Interleukin-6. It also reduced protein expression of inducible NO synthase and COX-2, and reduced translocation of NF-κB to nuclei. Moreover, SAA promoted expression of phosphorylated p38, and downstream HO-1. Zn (II) protoporphyrin IX, a specific inhibitor of HO-1, or siRNA against HO-1 could effectively increase transfer of NF-κB. SAA was predicted to target amyloid-beta protein-like protein and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, that could regulate p38 and HO-1. CONCLUSIONS In silico analysis and experimental validation together demonstrated that SAA exhibited its anti-inflammatory effect via the p38-HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, reduced transfer of NF-κB to the nuclei and thus reduced production of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Wenden A, Yang Y, Chai L, Wong RWK. Salvia Miltiorrhiza
Induces VEGF Expression and Regulates Expression of VEGF Receptors in Osteoblastic Cells. Phytother Res 2013; 28:673-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Wenden
- Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; China
| | - Lei Chai
- Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; China
- School of Dentistry; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Ricky W. K. Wong
- Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; China
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Sun J, Zhang L, Song J, Tian S, Huang C, Feng Z, Lv Y, Du G. Pharmacokinetic study of salvianolic acid A in beagle dog after oral administration by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method: a study on bioavailability and dose proportionality. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:617-623. [PMID: 23707334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is one of the main water-soluble components isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Pharmacological researches revealed that it had various curative activities after oral and intravenous administration, including beneficial effects on diabetes and its complications, cardioprotective effect, anti-platelet aggregation, and so on. However, there is no report regarding the pharmacokinetics of SAA in beagle dogs after oral administration up to now. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the pharmacokinetics of different doses of SAA in beagle dogs and figure out the absolute bioavailability and dose proportionality of SAA after oral administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male and female beagle dogs were orally administered SAA 5, 10 and 20mg/kg randomly. The plasma drug concentration was detected by a rapid, sensitive and reproducible liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from plasma concentration-time data using the DAS pharmacokinetic software Data Analysis System Version 3.0 program. RESULTS After single-dose oral administration of SAA, the mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) values for groups treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg doses ranged from 14.38 to 38.18 µg/L, and the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-t)) values ranged from 38.77 to 130.33 (µg/L·h). SAA showed lack of dose proportionality over the dose range 5-20mg/kg, based on the power model. However, the increase in systemic exposure with dose appeared linear. The absolute bioavailability was calculated to range from 1.47% to 1.84%. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic properties of SAA in beagle dogs after oral administration were characterized as rapid oral absorption, quick clearance, and poor absolute bioavailability. Systemic exposure exhibited lack of dose proportionality over the dose range 5-20mg/kg. Furthermore, a readily preparative LC-MS method was demonstrated in this study for the research of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Du G, Zhu H, Yu P, Wang H, He J, Ye L, Fu F, Zhang J, Tian J. SMND-309 promotes angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through activating erythropoietin receptor/STAT3/VEGF pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 700:173-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang L, Sweet DH. Competitive inhibition of human organic anion transporters 1 (SLC22A6), 3 (SLC22A8) and 4 (SLC22A11) by major components of the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 28:220-8. [PMID: 23229784 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When herbal products are used in combination therapy with drugs, alterations in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity can result. Many active components of herbal products are organic anions, and human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1, SLC22A6), hOAT3 (SLC22A8), and hOAT4 (SLC22A11) have been identified as potential sites of drug-drug interactions. Therefore, we assessed the effects of lithospermic acid (LSA), rosmarinic acid (RMA), salvianolic acid A (SAA), salvianolic acid B (SAB), and tanshinol (TSL), components of the herbal medicine Danshen, on the function of these transporters. Kinetic analysis demonstrated a competitive mechanism of inhibition for all five. K(i) values (µM) were estimated as 20.8 ± 2.1 (LSA), 0.35 ± 0.06 (RMA), 5.6 ± 0.3 (SAA), 22.2 ± 1.9 (SAB), and 40.4 ± 12.9 (TSL) on hOAT1 and as 0.59 ± 0.26 (LSA), 0.55 ± 0.25 (RMA), 0.16 ± 0.03 (SAA), 19.8 ± 8.4 (SAB), and 8.6 ± 3.3 (TSL) on hOAT3. No significant inhibition of hOAT4 activity by TSL was observed. Using published human pharmacokinetic values, unbound C(max)/K(i) ratios were calculated as an indicator of in vivo drug-drug interaction potential. Analysis indicated a strong interaction potential for RMA and TSL on both hOAT1 and hOAT3 and for LSA on hOAT3. Thus, herb-drug interactions may occur in vivo in situations of co-administration of Danshen and clinical therapeutics known to be hOAT1/hOAT3 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Li Z, Zhu L, Zhang H, Yang J, Zhao J, Du D, Meng J, Yang F, Zhao Y, Sun J. Protective effect of a polysaccharide from stem of Codonopsis pilosula against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:1739-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kan S, Lin H, Li J, Shao L, Chen D. Biotransformation of Salvianolic acid B by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum and Its Two Degradation Routes. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting cells of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum ( F. oxsporum) were used for the biotransformation of salvianolic acid B (Sal B). Three transformed products, isolithospermic acid, prolithospermic acid and danshensu, were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. The stability of the two ester bonds of Sal B was studied and two degradation routes were found. In the biotransformation system, Sal B was transformed into isolithospermic acid first which was then converted into prolithospermic acid. In alkaline solutions, Sal B was transformed into lithospermic acid first which was then converted into prolithospermic acid. This is the first reports of the NMR spectra of isolithospermic acid and this result may indicate the metabolic pathways of Sal B in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Kan
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Huimin Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ji'an Li
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Daijie Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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You Z, Xin Y, Liu Y, Han B, Zhang L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Gu L, Gao H, Xuan Y. Protective effect of Salvia Miltiorrhizae injection on N(G)-nitro-d-arginine induced nitric oxide deficient and oxidative damage in rat kidney. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:453-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhang L, Han L, Sun X, Gao D, Qin J, Wang J. The use of PEGylated liposomes to prolong the circulation lifetime of salvianolic acid B. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:678-89. [PMID: 22391022 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a potential therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, is greatly restricted by its short half-life and low bioavailability. To improve therapeutic effects and prolong the systemic circulation time of Sal B, liposomes, composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation method. In addition, polyethylene glycol 2000-disteroylphosphoethanolamine (PEG-DSPE 2000) was included to give steric barrier to liposomes. A central composite design was employed to optimize liposomal formulation with high encapsulation efficiency and small particle size. Physicochemical characteristics such as particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release were investigated. In vivo pharmacokinetic properties of Sal B in beagle dogs and the effect of PEG on the blood circulation time of Sal B-loaded liposomes were also evaluated. An optimized formulation with encapsulation efficiency of 73.68% and mean particle size of 136.6nm were developed. Encapsulation of Sal B into conventional and PEGylated liposomes could prolong the half-life of Sal B by 5.8- and 17.5-fold and enhance the AUC(0-t) of Sal B by 6.7- and 13.3-fold compared with free Sal B, respectively. Therefore, the use of PEGylated liposomes could prolong the circulation time in blood and longevity effect of liposomes on Sal B was increased by PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Zhuang P, Zhang Y, Cui G, Bian Y, Zhang M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yang X, Isaiah AO, Lin Y, Jiang Y. Direct stimulation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro and neurogenesis in vivo by salvianolic acid B. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35636. [PMID: 22545124 PMCID: PMC3335811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small molecules have been shown to modulate the neurogenesis processes. In search for new therapeutic drugs, the herbs used in traditional medicines for neurogenesis are promising candidates. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We selected a total of 45 natural compounds from Traditional Chinese herbal medicines which are extensively used in China to treat stroke clinically, and tested their proliferation-inducing activities on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). The screening results showed that salvianolic acid B (Sal B) displayed marked effects on the induction of proliferation of NSPCs. We further demonstrated that Sal B promoted NSPCs proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners. To explore the molecular mechanism, PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK and Notch signaling pathways were investigated. Cell proliferation assay demonstrated that Ly294002 (PI3K/Akt inhibitor), but neither U0126 (ERK inhibitor) nor DAPT (Notch inhibitor) inhibited the Sal B-induced proliferation of cells. Western Blotting results showed that stimulation of NSPCs with Sal B enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt, and Ly294002 abolished this effect, confirming the role of Akt in Sal B mediated proliferation of NSPCs. Rats exposed to transient cerebral ischemia were treated for 4 weeks with Sal B from the 7th day after stroke. BrdU incorporation assay results showed that exposure Sal B could maintain the proliferation of NSPCs after cerebral ischemia. Morris water maze test showed that delayed post-ischemic treatment with Sal B improved cognitive impairment after stroke in rats. SIGNIFICANCE Sal B could maintain the NSPCs self-renew and promote proliferation, which was mediated by PI3K/Akt signal pathway. And delayed post-ischemic treatment with Sal B improved cognitive impairment after stroke in rats. These findings suggested that Sal B may act as a potential drug in treatment of brain injury or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Zhuang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Guangzhi Cui
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- Chinese Medical College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mixia Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinpeng Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Adejobi Oluwaniyi Isaiah
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingxue Lin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongbo Jiang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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