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Hosseini F, Habibi Najafi MB, Rasool Oromiehie A, Nasiri Mahalati M, Yavarmanesh M. Study on synergistic effects of curcumin and bixin against foodborne pathogens. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2426-2435. [PMID: 38628195 PMCID: PMC11016438 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Various studies have shown that natural colorants, in addition to their coloring attributes, have valuable biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anticarcinogenic properties. Moreover, their use as a food colorant can restrict the potential disadvantages of synthetic additives and turn foods into functional products. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial activities of two natural colorants of bixin and curcumin against some important foodborne pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Listeria innocua (L. innocua), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated by disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were determined by agar dilution and broth microdilution methods. The synergistic activity of the colorants against selected microorganisms was assayed by the checkerboard microdilution method. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of bixin against S. aureus were more pronounced than E. coli and L. innocua. The lowest concentration of curcumin (0.6 mg/mL) in the disk diffusion method was not inhibited by any tested bacteria. However, it was effective at the higher concentrations against three microorganisms, but its diameter of inhibition zones was lower than gentamicin in all concentrations. Synergetic effects were observed by curcumin and bixin combination against S. aureus (FICI ≤ 0.5), but they act as an antagonist against E. coli and L. innocua. The results of the synergy test were confirmed by the isobologram curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Hosseini
- Department of Food Additives, Food Science & Technology Research Institute Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR) Khorasan Razavi Branch Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Nasiri Mahalati
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Masoud Yavarmanesh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
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Pasdaran A, Zare M, Hamedi A, Hamedi A. A Review of the Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Colorants, Dyes, and Pigments: Challenges, and Opportunities for Food, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Application. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300561. [PMID: 37471105 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural pigments are important sources for the screening of bioactive lead compounds. This article reviewed the chemistry and therapeutic potentials of over 570 colored molecules from plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, algae, and marine sources. Moreover, related biological activities, advanced extraction, and identification approaches were reviewed. A variety of biological activities, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-microbial, antiviral, and anti-protozoal activities, have been reported for different pigments. Considering their structural backbone, they were classified as naphthoquinones, carotenoids, flavonoids, xanthones, anthocyanins, benzotropolones, alkaloids, terpenoids, isoprenoids, and non-isoprenoids. Alkaloid pigments were mostly isolated from bacteria and marine sources, while flavonoids were mostly found in plants and mushrooms. Colored quinones and xanthones were mostly extracted from plants and fungi, while colored polyketides and terpenoids are often found in marine sources and fungi. Carotenoids are mostly distributed among bacteria, followed by fungi and plants. The pigments isolated from insects have different structures, but among them, carotenoids and quinone/xanthone are the most important. Considering good manufacturing practices, the current permitted natural colorants are: Carotenoids (canthaxanthin, β-carotene, β-apo-8'-carotenal, annatto, astaxanthin) and their sources, lycopene, anthocyanins, betanin, chlorophyllins, spirulina extract, carmine and cochineal extract, henna, riboflavin, pyrogallol, logwood extract, guaiazulene, turmeric, and soy leghemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student research committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes of annatto aqueous solutions dependent on hydrogen potential: Applications in adulterated milk. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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4
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Swapnil P, Meena M, Singh SK, Dhuldhaj UP, Harish, Marwal A. Vital roles of carotenoids in plants and humans to deteriorate stress with its structure, biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and functional aspects. CURRENT PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 26:100203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2021.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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Assis RQ, Pagno CH, Stoll L, Rios PD, Rios ADO, Olivera FC. Active food packaging of cellulose acetate: Storage stability, protective effect on oxidation of riboflavin and release in food simulants. Food Chem 2021; 349:129140. [PMID: 33582545 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, cellulose acetate films were prepared with the incorporation of different carotenoids (lycopene, norbixin, and zeaxanthin). The effect of adding these natural antioxidants was evaluated through stability during storage under controlled conditions (temperature and light), degradation rate coefficient, release in food simulants and protective effect on oxidation of vitamin B2. During storage at 25 °C or 40 °C the light showed a greater effect on the stability of the carotenoids, with significant increase in reaction constants (k) and decrease in half-life (t1/2). The degradation of the carotenoids was followed by a variation in the color parameters and mechanical properties. The films with norbixin showed the highest barrier to the transmission of UV-Vis light, consequently preserving 72% of a vitamin B2 stored under a photooxidative environment. Lycopene presented a higher release rate than norbixin and zeaxanthin to a fatty food simulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Queiroz Assis
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Pagno
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Liana Stoll
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Polliana D'Angelo Rios
- Department of Forest Engineering, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alessandro de Oliveira Rios
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Florencia Cladera Olivera
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Jia X, Zhu Y, Zhang R, Zhu Z, Zhao T, Cheng L, Gao L, Liu B, Zhang X, Wang Y. Ionomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the resistance response mechanism to saline-alkali stress in Malus halliana seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:77-90. [PMID: 31846851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress is a major abiotic stress limiting plant growth. The selection of saline-alkali-tolerant rootstock is an effective strategy to reduce salinization-alkalization influence in apple production. M. halliana is a highly saline-alkali-resistant apple rootstock in northwestern China. However, few metabolic response studies have been conducted on this species. In plants under saline-alkali stress, the uptake of K, Mg and Zn in M. halliana leaves were inhibited, whereas the absorption of Fe2+, Cu2+ or Mn2+ were increased. Metabolic analysis revealed 140 differentially expressed metabolites, which were mainly involved in alkaloid biosynthesis, phenylalanine biosynthesis, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and mineral absorption. Especially, the expression of sucrose, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids and carotenoids were significantly upregulated under saline-alkali stress. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that NHX8 and ZTP1 involved in Na+ and Fe2+ transport were upregulated, while AKT1, MRS2-4 and ZTP29 involved in K+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ transport were downregulated, respectively. ANT, ATP2A, CALM and SOS2 are involved in Ca2+ signal transduction, and ABCB1, ABCC10 and NatA are key transporters that maintain ionic homeostasis. M. halliana regulates Na+/K+ homeostasis by mediating Ca2+ signalling and ABC transporters. The accumulation of metabolites contributes to improving the saline-alkali resistance of M. halliana because of the scavenging of ROS. An increase in pheophorbide a content in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism leads to leaf senescence in M. halliana leaves, which contributes to a reduction in stress-induced injury. These findings provide important insights into the saline-alkali tolerance mechanism in apple, which also provides an important starting point for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumei Jia
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730070, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zulei Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liyang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiayi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanxiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, China.
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Kim D, Alam MS, Chung WJ, Koo S. Bromoacetate Olefination Protocol for Norbixin and Julia-Kocienski Olefination for Its Ester Syntheses. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10019-10024. [PMID: 31460094 PMCID: PMC6648602 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new olefination protocol utilizing ethyl bromoacetate was highlighted, in which magnesium enolate of the ester coupled with C20 dialdehyde 6, and double eliminations of the protected hydroxyl groups and bromine atoms of the coupling bromohydrin product, efficiently produced norbixin 1 after concomitant hydrolysis of the ester. A new (C7 + C10 + C7) disconnection approach was demonstrated for the synthesis of norbixin ethyl ester 2 by the Julia-Kocienski olefination of novel C7 benzothiazolyl-sulfone 11 and C10 2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienedial (12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Kim
- Department
of Energy Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Myongji-Ro 116, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, Korea
| | - Mohammad Shariful Alam
- Department
of Energy Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Myongji-Ro 116, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, Korea
| | - Wook-Jin Chung
- Department
of Energy Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Myongji-Ro 116, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, Korea
| | - Sangho Koo
- Department
of Energy Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Myongji-Ro 116, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058, Korea
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Fatty Acid Potassium Had Beneficial Bactericidal Effects and Removed Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms while Exhibiting Reduced Cytotoxicity towards Mouse Fibroblasts and Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020312. [PMID: 30646547 PMCID: PMC6359264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds frequently become infected or contaminated with bacteria. Potassium oleate (C18:1K), a type of fatty acid potassium, caused >4 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL reductions in the numbers of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli within 10 min and a >2 log CFU/mL reduction in the number of Clostridium difficile within 1 min. C18:1K (proportion removed: 90.3%) was significantly more effective at removing Staphylococcus aureus biofilms than the synthetic surfactant detergents sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) (74.8%, p < 0.01) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (78.0%, p < 0.05). In the WST (water-soluble tetrazolium) assay, mouse fibroblasts (BALB/3T3 clone A31) in C18:1K (relative viability vs. control: 102.8%) demonstrated a significantly higher viability than those in SLES (30.1%) or SLS (18.1%, p < 0.05). In a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay, C18:1K (relative leakage vs. control: 108.9%) was found to be associated with a significantly lower LDH leakage from mouse fibroblasts than SLES or SLS (720.6% and 523.4%, respectively; p < 0.05). Potassium oleate demonstrated bactericidal effects against various species including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium difficile; removed significantly greater amounts of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm material than SLES and SLS; and maintained fibroblast viability; therefore, it might be useful for wound cleaning and peri-wound skin.
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Møller AH, Jahangiri A, Madsen B, Joernsgaard B, Vaerbak S, Hammershøj M, Dalsgaard TK. Effect of light, pH, metal ions and antioxidants on the colour stability of norbixin in aqueous solution. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hauer Møller
- Department of Food Science Aarhus University Blichers Alle 20 8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Amita Jahangiri
- Department of Food Science Aarhus University Blichers Alle 20 8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Bjoern Madsen
- Chr. Hansen Natural Colours A/S Hoejbakkegaard Alle 30 2630 Taastrup Denmark
| | - Bjarne Joernsgaard
- Chr. Hansen Natural Colours A/S Hoejbakkegaard Alle 30 2630 Taastrup Denmark
| | - Signe Vaerbak
- Chr. Hansen Natural Colours A/S Hoejbakkegaard Alle 30 2630 Taastrup Denmark
| | - Marianne Hammershøj
- Department of Food Science Aarhus University Blichers Alle 20 8830 Tjele Denmark
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A. R, Agrawal N, Kumar H, Nath V, Kumar V. Norbixin, an apocarotenoid derivative activates PPARγ in cardiometabolic syndrome: Validation by in silico and in vivo experimental assessment. Life Sci 2018; 209:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Mohan S, Hemachandran H, Sneha P, George Priya Doss C, Godwin Christopher J, Jayaraman G, Ramamoorthy S. Structural insights into the binding mode and conformational changes of BSA induced by bixin and crocin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:2085-2098. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1342565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sankari Mohan
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hridya Hemachandran
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Sneha
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C. George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J. Godwin Christopher
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Anantharaman A, Hemachandran H, Priya RR, Sankari M, Gopalakrishnan M, Palanisami N, Siva R. Inhibitory effect of apocarotenoids on the activity of tyrosinase: Multi-spectroscopic and docking studies. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Park JS, Mathison BD, Chew BP. Uptake and immunomodulatory role of bixin in dogs1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:135-43. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Park
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 99164-6376
| | - B. D. Mathison
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 99164-6376
| | - B. P. Chew
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 99164-6376
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Anantharaman A, Hemachandran H, Mohan S, Manikoth Ayyathan D, D TK, C GPD, Siva R. Induction of apoptosis by apocarotenoids in B16 melanoma cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent pathway. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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16
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Rivera-Madrid R, Aguilar-Espinosa M, Cárdenas-Conejo Y, Garza-Caligaris LE. Carotenoid Derivates in Achiote ( Bixa orellana) Seeds: Synthesis and Health Promoting Properties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1406. [PMID: 27708658 PMCID: PMC5030781 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bixa orellana (family Bixaceae) is a neotropical fast growing perennial tree of great agro-industrial value because its seeds have a high carotenoid content, mainly bixin. It has been used since pre-colonial times as a culinary colorant and spice, and for healing purposes. It is currently used as a natural pigment in the food, in pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, and it is commercially known as annatto. Recently, several studies have addressed the biological and medical properties of this natural pigment, both as potential source of new drugs or because its ingestion as a condiment or diet supplement may protect against several diseases. The most documented properties are anti-oxidative; but its anti-cancer, hypoglucemic, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory properties are also being studied. Bixin's pathway elucidation and its regulation mechanisms are critical to improve the produce of this important carotenoid. Even though the bixin pathway has been established, the regulation of the genes involved in bixin production remains largely unknown. Our laboratory recently published B. orellana's transcriptome and we have identified most of its MEP (methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate) and carotenoid pathway genes. Annatto is a potential source of new drugs and can be a valuable nutraceutical supplement. However, its nutritional and healing properties require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rivera-Madrid
- Unidad de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C.Mérida, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Renata Rivera-Madrid,
| | - Margarita Aguilar-Espinosa
- Unidad de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C.Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Luz E. Garza-Caligaris
- Unidad de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C.Mérida, Mexico
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Rovani BT, de Freitas RB, Augusti PR, Araldi IC, Somacal S, Quatrin A, Emanuelli T, da Rocha MP, Bauermann LDF. Prooxidant activity of norbixin in model of acute gastric ulcer induced by ethanol in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:737-46. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115604199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals and oxidative stress play a central role in gastric injuries caused by ethanol (EtOH). Antioxidant strategies to counteract EtOH toxicity are highly desirable. Norbixin (NBIX) is a carotenoid with antioxidant potential largely used in the food industry. This study evaluated the NBIX effects in a model of gastric ulcer induced by EtOH in rats. Male Wistar rats received NBIX doses of 0, 10, and 25 mg/kg by gavage 1 h after EtOH administration (0 or 75% solution, 1 mL/200 g of animal). The animals were euthanized 1 h after the NBIX administration, and their stomachs were removed for macroscopic and histopathological analyses, quantification of nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) groups, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and catalase (CAT) activity determination. NBIX increased LPO in gastric mucosa and caused CAT inhibition and NPSH depletion in EtOH-treated animals. Results showed that NBIX did not protect gastric tissue against EtOH damage, and this could be associated to a prooxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- BT Rovani
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - RB de Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - PR Augusti
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - IC Araldi
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S Somacal
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A Quatrin
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T Emanuelli
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development (NIDAL), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - MP da Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L de Freitas Bauermann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Anantharaman A, Priya RR, Hemachandran H, Sivaramakrishna A, Babu S, Siva R. Studies on interaction of norbixin with DNA: multispectroscopic and in silico analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 144:163-169. [PMID: 25754392 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of food colorant norbixin with calf thymus DNA (CTDNA) was investigated through UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Circular Dichroism (CD), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), DNA melting studies, electrophoretic analysis, histological staining technique and molecular docking studies. The results indicated that norbixin interacted with CTDNA by partial intercalation mode. The binding constant (K) of norbixin with CTDNA was calculated to be 5.08×10(5) Mol(-1) L. FTIR and CD studies were coupled with (1)H NMR spectra revealed that norbixin intercalates partially and binds to the groove's, phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar of DNA and also induces conformational transition of B-form to A-form DNA. Agarose gel electrophoretic and histological staining technique results further prove that, norbixin specifically binds to the DNA in the cell. Moreover, molecular docking studies on the specific binding of norbixin with CTDNA have exhibited lowest conformation energy score of -3.2. Therefore, this food colorant has the ability to interact with DNA and it could emerge as a promising class of natural DNA targeted therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Anantharaman
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendra Rao Priya
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hridya Hemachandran
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Subramanian Babu
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Siva
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Varzakas T, Kiokias S. HPLC Analysis and Determination of Carotenoid Pigments in Commercially Available Plant Extracts. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.4.special-issue1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of natural pigments, familiar to all through the orange-red colours, which are added to many manufactured foods in the forms of natural extracts or as pure chmically syntesided compounds in order to give the desired colouring properties. Recent evidence has correlated a diet rich in certain carotenoids with an increased protection against cardiovascular diseases or even certain types of cancer. In addition, on going research examines potential protective effects of these natural compounds in food systems e.g. oils and food emulsions.
In order to understand and optimise the activity of the natural extracts when used in vitro or in vivo , it is really important first to to identify those active coumpounds that account for any any dietary and functional role. This paper focuses on the HPLC analysis of certain plant extracts aiming at the quantification and identification of the present natural carotenoid pigments. Saponification prior to HPLC Analysis was found to be successful in order to remove unwanted lipids and esters and thereby facilitate the idientification of main carotenoid pigments in the natural extracts.
By use of UV spectroscopy, the total carotenoid content of each natural extract was also roughly estimated based on their extinction coefficient at the λmax of the main carotenoid pigment following dilution at the appropriate solvent. The identification and quantification of carotenoids in plant extract is considerd as essential in the further developmnt and optimisation of their functional uses as additives and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Varzakas
- Higher Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Dept. of Food Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Kalamata, Hellas
| | - S Kiokias
- Higher Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Dept. of Food Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Kalamata, Hellas
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Kiokias S, Proestos C, Varzakas T. A Review of the Structure, Biosynthesis, Absorption of Carotenoids-Analysis and Properties of their Common Natural Extracts. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.4.special-issue1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of natural pigments familiar to all through the orange-red colours of popular foods like oranges, tomatoes and carrots and the yellow colour of many flowers. They have been studied for a number of years because of their diverse roles in photobiology, photochemistry and photo medicine. Carotenoids are also added as colorants to many manufactured foods, drinks, and animal feeds, either in the forms of natural extracts (e.g annatto, paprika or marigold extracts) or as pure compounds manufactured by chemical synthesis. Carotenoids are often described as provitamins A, as this particular vitamin is a product of carotenoid metabolism. The distribution of carotenoids among the different plant groups shows no obvious pattern. b-Carotene is the most abundant in leafy vegetables, though the colour is masked by its co-existence with chlorophyll, and this carotenoid has the highest vitamin A activity. Zeaxanthin, a-carotene and antheraxanthin are also present in small amounts. In the tomato, lycopene is the major carotenoid, while fruits contain varying proportions of cryptoxanthin, lutein and antheraxanthin. In this review paper the natural occurrence of carotenoids (with focus on certain natural extracts) is described along with its structure and physicochemical properties. The biosynthesis - industrial synthesis and absorption of carotenoids is also discussed. Finally, a brief overview of analysis and properties of commonly available natural carotenoid extracts (annato, paprika, xanthophylls, lycopene) are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kiokias
- Higher Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Dept. of Food Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Kalamata, Greece
| | - C Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - T Varzakas
- Higher Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Dept. of Food Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Kalamata, Greece
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Campbell R, Boogers I, Drake M. Short communication: Development of a novel method for the extraction of norbixin from whey and its subsequent quantification via high performance liquid chromatography. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1313-8. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Lombello RA, Pinto-maglio CAF. Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology of Bixa orellana L. (Bixaceae). CYTOLOGIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.79.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Gomes AA, Silva-Júnior ACT, Oliveira EB, Asad LMBO, Reis NCSC, Felzenszwalb I, Kovary K, Asad NR. Reactive oxygen species mediate lethality induced by far-UV inEscherichia colicells. Redox Rep 2013; 10:91-5. [PMID: 15949129 DOI: 10.1179/135100005x38833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the induction of DNA damage to Escherichia coli cells caused by UVC (254 nm) irradiation was studied. We verified the expression of the soxS gene induced by UVC (254 nm) and its inhibition by sodium azide, a singlet oxygen (1O2) scavenger. Additional results showed that a water-soluble carotenoid (norbixin) protects against the lethal effects of UVC. These results suggest that UVC radiation can also cause ROS-mediated lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gomes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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24
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Annadurai RS, Jayakumar V, Mugasimangalam RC, Katta MAVSK, Anand S, Gopinathan S, Sarma SP, Fernandes SJ, Mullapudi N, Murugesan S, Rao SN. Next generation sequencing and de novo transcriptome analysis of Costus pictus D. Don, a non-model plant with potent anti-diabetic properties. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:663. [PMID: 23176672 PMCID: PMC3533581 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phyto-remedies for diabetic control are popular among patients with Type II Diabetes mellitus (DM), in addition to other diabetic control measures. A number of plant species are known to possess diabetic control properties. Costus pictus D. Don is popularly known as “Insulin Plant” in Southern India whose leaves have been reported to increase insulin pools in blood plasma. Next Generation Sequencing is employed as a powerful tool for identifying molecular signatures in the transcriptome related to physiological functions of plant tissues. We sequenced the leaf transcriptome of C. pictus using Illumina reversible dye terminator sequencing technology and used combination of bioinformatics tools for identifying transcripts related to anti-diabetic properties of C. pictus. Results A total of 55,006 transcripts were identified, of which 69.15% transcripts could be annotated. We identified transcripts related to pathways of bixin biosynthesis and geraniol and geranial biosynthesis as major transcripts from the class of isoprenoid secondary metabolites and validated the presence of putative norbixin methyltransferase, a precursor of Bixin. The transcripts encoding these terpenoids are known to be Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonists and anti-glycation agents. Sequential extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the presence of bixin in C. pictus methanolic extracts. Another significant transcript identified in relation to anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and immuno-modulation is of Abscisic Acid biosynthetic pathway. We also report many other transcripts for the biosynthesis of antitumor, anti-oxidant and antimicrobial metabolites of C. pictus leaves. Conclusion Solid molecular signatures (transcripts related to bixin, abscisic acid, and geranial and geraniol biosynthesis) for the anti-diabetic properties of C. pictus leaves and vital clues related to the other phytochemical functions like antitumor, anti-oxidant, immuno-modulatory, anti-microbial and anti-malarial properties through the secondary metabolite pathway annotations are reported. The data provided will be of immense help to researchers working in the treatment of DM using herbal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy S Annadurai
- MTP Biology, ITC R&D Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Barcelos GRM, Grotto D, Serpeloni JM, Aissa AF, Antunes LMG, Knasmüller S, Barbosa F. Bixin and norbixin protect against DNA-damage and alterations of redox status induced by methylmercury exposure in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2012; 53:535-541. [PMID: 22847942 DOI: 10.1002/em.21715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Populations in the Amazon are exposed to organic mercury via consumption of contaminated foods. These ethnic groups consume a specific plant seed "annatto" which contains certain carotenoids. The aim of this study was to find out if these compounds (bixin, BIX and norbixin, NOR), protect against DNA-damage caused by the metal. Therefore, rats were treated orally with methylmercury (MeHg) and with the carotenoids under conditions that are relevant to humans. The animals were treated either with MeHg (30 μg/kg/bw/day), BIX (0.1-10 mg/kg/bw/day), NOR (0.01-1.0 mg/kg/bw/day) or combinations of the metal compound and the carotenoids consecutively for 45 days. Subsequently, the glutathione levels (GSH) and the activity of catalase were determined, and DNA-damage was measured in hepatocytes and leukocytes using single cell gel electrophoresis assays. Treatment with the metal alone caused a decrease in the GSH levels (35%) and induced DNA damage, which resulted in increased DNA migration after electrophoresis in liver and blood cells, whereas no effects were seen with the carotenoids alone. When BIX or NOR were given in combination with organic mercury, the intermediate and the highest concentrations of the carotenoids (1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/bw/day BIX and 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg/bw/day NOR) protected against DNA-damage. Furthermore, we found with both carotenoids, a moderate increase in the GSH levels in both metal-treated and untreated animals, while the activities of catalase remained unchanged. Our results indicate that consumption of BIX and NOR may protect humans against the adverse health effects caused by exposure to organic mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Departament of Clinical, Toxicologic and Bromatologic Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ulbricht C, Windsor RC, Brigham A, Bryan JK, Conquer J, Costa D, Giese N, Guilford J, Higdon ER, Holmes K, Isaac R, Jingst S, Kats J, Peery L, Rusie E, Savinainen A, Schoen T, Stock T, Tanguay-Colucci S, Weissner W. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Annatto (Bixa orellanaL.) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2012; 9:57-77. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2012.653530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tibodeau JD, Isham CR, Bible KC. Annatto constituent cis-bixin has selective antimyeloma effects mediated by oxidative stress and associated with inhibition of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:987-97. [PMID: 20170403 PMCID: PMC2959179 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of the anticancer effects of seeds of the rain forest plant Bixa orellana (annatto), we found that its constituent cis-bixin induced cytotoxicity in a wide variety of tumor cell lines (IC(50) values from 10 to 50 microM, 24-h exposures) and, importantly, also selectively killed freshly collected patient multiple myeloma cells and highly drug-resistant multiple myeloma cell lines. Mechanistic studies indicated that cis-bixin-induced cytotoxicity was greatly attenuated by co-treatment with glutathione or N-acetylcysteine (NAC); whereas fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) assays using the cell-permeable dyes 5-(and-6) chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H(2)DCFDA), or dihydroethidium demonstrated that cis-bixin rapidly induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in dose- and time-dependent fashions, collectively implicating ROS as contributory to cis-bixin-induced cytotoxicity. In pursuit of potential contributors to ROS imposition by cis-bixin, we found that cis-bixin inhibited both thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) activities at concentrations comparable to those required for cytotoxicity, implicating the inhibition of these redox enzymes as potentially contributing to its ability to impose cellular ROS and to kill cancer cells. Collectively, our studies indicate that the annatto constituent cis-bixin has intriguing selective antimyeloma activity that appears to be mediated through effects on redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Tibodeau
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Breukers S, Øpstad C, Sliwka HR, Partali V. Hydrophilic Carotenoids: Surface Properties and Aggregation Behavior of the Potassium Salt of the Highly Unsaturated Diacid Norbixin. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Scotter M. The chemistry and analysis of annatto food colouring: a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030902942873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Stankevicins L, Aiub C, Maria LDS, Lobo-Hajdu G, Felzenszwalb I. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic evaluation of extracts from Arenosclera brasiliensis, a Brazilian marine sponge. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:1869-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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A synergistic effect of Cu2+ and norbixin on DNA damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2802-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kiokias S, Varzakas T, Oreopoulou V. In vitro activity of vitamins, flavonoids, and natural phenolic antioxidants against the oxidative deterioration of oil-based systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2008; 48:78-93. [PMID: 18274966 DOI: 10.1080/10408390601079975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known, that lipid antioxidants can retard the oxidative rancidity of foods caused by atmospheric oxidation, and thus protect oils, fats, and fat-soluble components from their quality degradation. In the last few years, much emphasis has been put on the promotion and use of natural antioxidants, commonly occurring in many fruits and vegetables and thereby produced from various natural extracts. This review gives a summary of previously reported work together with more recent trends in the field of natural antioxidants. Focus is given on the mechanism of actions and the inhibitory effect of certain vitamins against the oxidative degradation of oil-based systems. Moreover, the use of natural phenolics (flavonoids, olive-oil penolics, herb extracts etc.) as antioxidants in numerous lipid food applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Kiokias
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens
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Aiub C, Giannerini A, Ferreira F, Mazzei J, Stankevicins L, Lobo-Hajdu G, Guimarães P, Hajdu E, Felzenszwalb I. Genotoxic evaluation of extracts from Aplysina fulva, a Brazilian marine sponge. Mutat Res 2006; 611:34-41. [PMID: 16987694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A range of biologically active secondary metabolites with pharmacological application has been reported to occur in marine sponges. The present study was undertaken to provide a set of data on the safety of a hydro-alcoholic extract (ALE) and an aqueous fraction (AQE) from Aplysina fulva Pallas, 1766 (Aplysinidae, Verongida, Porifera). Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102, Escherichia coli strains PQ65, OG40, OG100, PQ35 and PQ37 and Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were used to detect induction of DNA lesions by ALE and AQE. Assays used for these analyses were a bacterial (reverse) mutation assay (Ames test), the SOS-chromotest and the comet assay. Both extracts presented identical infrared 2-oxazolidone spectra. ALE treatment induced a higher frequency of type-4 comets, indicative of increasing DNA migration, in the alkaline comet assay. ALE also induced a weak genotoxic effect, as expressed by the induction factor (IF) values in the test with E. coli strain PQ35 (IF=1.5) and by cytotoxic effects in strains PQ35, PQ65 and PQ37. Positive SOS induction (IF=1.7) was detected in strain PQ37 treated with diluted AQE. No genotoxic effects were observed in strains PQ35, PQ65, OG40 and OG 100 after treatment with AQE dilutions. Using the bacterial (reverse) mutation test and survival assays with or without S9 mix, after 60min of pre-incubation, we observed for strain TA97 treated with ALE a weak mutagenic response (MI=2.2), while cytotoxic effects were seen for strains TA98, TA100 and TA102. AQE did not show mutagenic activity in any of the strains tested, but a weak cytotoxic effect was noted in strain TA102. Our data suggest that both ALE and AQE from A. fulva induce DNA breaks leading to cytotoxicity and mutagenicity under the conditions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Aiub
- Department of Cellular Biology, Division of Genetics, Salzburg University, Salzburg A5020, Austria.
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Agner AR, Bazo AP, Ribeiro LR, Salvadori DMF. DNA damage and aberrant crypt foci as putative biomarkers to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) in rat colon carcinogenesis. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2005; 582:146-54. [PMID: 15781219 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention opens new perspectives in the prevention of cancer and other degenerative diseases. Use of target-organ biological models at the histological and genetic levels can markedly facilitate the identification of such potential chemopreventive agents. Colon cancer is one of the highest incidence rates throughout the world and some evidences have indicated carotenoids as possible agents that decrease the risk of colorectal cancer. In the present study, we evaluate the activity of annatto (Bixa orellana L.), a natural food colorant rich in carotenoid, on the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in rat colon. Further, we investigate, the effect of annatto on DMH-induced DNA damage, by the comet assay. Male Wistar rats were given s.c. injections of DMH (40 mg/kg body wt.) twice a week for 2 weeks to induce ACF. They also received experimental diets containing annatto at 20, 200 or 1000 ppm for five 5 weeks before (pre-treatment), or 10 weeks after (post-treatment) DMH treatment. In both protocols the rats were sacrificed on week 15th. For the comet assay, the animals were fed with the same experimental diets for 2 weeks. Four hours before the sacrifice, the animals received an s.c. injection of DMH (40 mg/kg body wt.). Under such conditions, dietary administration of 1000 ppm annatto neither induce DNA damage in blood and colon cells nor aberrant crypt foci in rat distal colon. Conversely, annatto was successful in inhibiting the number of crypts/colon (animal), but not in the incidence of DMH-induced ACF, mainly when administered after DMH. However, no antigenotoxic effect was observed in colon cells. These findings suggest possible chemopreventive effects of annatto through their modulation of the cryptal cell proliferation but not at the initiation stage of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniele R Agner
- TOXICAN - Núcleo de Avaliação Toxicogenética e Cancerígena, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
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Agner AR, Barbisan LF, Scolastici C, Salvadori DMF. Absence of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic effects of annatto in the rat liver medium-term assay. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1687-93. [PMID: 15354320 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is a natural food colorant extensively used in many processed foods, especially dairy products. The lower cost of production and the low toxicity, make annatto a very attractive and convenient pigment in substitution to the many synthetic colorants. In the present study we investigate the carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic effects of dietary annatto in Wistar rat liver using the preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) foci and DNA damage biomarkers. Annatto, containing 5% bixin, was administered in the diet at concentrations of 20, 200, and 1000 ppm (0.07; 0.80 and 4.23 bixin/kg body wt/day, respectively), continuously during 2 weeks before, or 8 weeks after DEN treatment (200 mg/kg body wt, i.p.), to evaluate its effect on the liver-carcinogenesis medium-term bioassay. The comet assay was used to investigate the modifying potential of annatto on DEN (20 mg/kg body wt)-induced DNA damage. The results showed that annatto was neither genotoxic nor carcinogenic at the highest concentration tested (1000 ppm). No protective effects were also observed in both GST-P foci development and comet assays. In conclusion, in such experimental conditions, annatto shows no hepatocarcinogenic effect or modifying potential against DEN-induced DNA damage and preneoplastic foci in the rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Agner
- Departamento de Patologia, TOXICAN--Núcleo de Avaliação Toxicogenética e Cancerígena, UNESP, Botucatu--SP, Brazil
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Aiub C, Stankevicins L, da Costa V, Ferreira F, Mazzei J, Ribeiro da Silva A, Soares de Moura R, Felzenszwalb I. Genotoxic evaluation of a vinifera skin extract that present pharmacological activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:969-73. [PMID: 15110106 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity of an alcohol-free hydro-alcoholic grape skin extract (GSE) obtained from red grapes Vitis labrusca (Isabel varietal) that present antihypertensive, vasodilator and antioxidant effects was estimated by different bioassays. Using the Salmonella/microsome assay for strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 no mutagenicity was detected for all tested concentrations (0.1-100 microg/ml), even with metabolization. Nevertheless, cytotoxicity was observed for TA97 and TA102 with and without metabolization and for TA100 with metabolization. The measurement of beta-galactosidase induction in the SOS-chromotest was positive only for Escherichia coli PQ37 when metabolization enzymes were present. Using Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts, DNA strand breaks induction by GSE was also investigated by the comet assay and no significative difference was detected for treated and no treated DNA for 60 min. Our data suggest that GSE although no mutagenic presents cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aiub
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria e, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Carvalho MCRD, Barca FNTV, Agnez-Lima LF, de Medeiros SRB. Evaluation of mutagenic activity in an extract of pepper tree stem bark (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi). ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2003; 42:185-191. [PMID: 14556225 DOI: 10.1002/em.10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An extract (decoction) from pepper tree stem bark (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) is widely used in Brazil as a topical antiinflammatory agent and to cicatrize wounds. The extract contains catechin, tannins, terpenes, flavonoids, and saponins; of these components, both mutagenic potential and antioxidant properties have been ascribed to flavonoids. The mutagenicity of some flavonoids is believed to be associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species and seems to depend on the number and position of hydroxyl groups. In the present study, we evaluated an extract of S. terebinthifolius in a series of cell-free and bacterial assays in order to determine its genotoxic potential. The extract was negative in a cell-free plasmid DNA test, indicating that it did not directly break DNA. Positive results, however, were obtained in the SOS chromotest, in a forward mutagenesis assay employing CC104 and CC104mutMmutY strains of Escherichia coli, and in the Salmonella reversion assay, using strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102. All the bacterial tests were performed without exogenous metabolic activation due to the topical use of this preparation. The results indicate that pepper tree stem bark extract produces DNA damage and mutation in bacteria, and that oxidative damage may be responsible for the genotoxicity.
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Fernandes AC, Almeida CA, Albano F, Laranja GA, Felzenszwalb I, Lage CL, de Sa CC, Moura AS, Kovary K. Norbixin ingestion did not induce any detectable DNA breakage in liver and kidney but caused a considerable impairment in plasma glucose levels of rats and mice. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:411-420. [PMID: 12121828 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
From the seeds of Bixa orellana are extracted the carotenoids bixin and norbixin that have been widely used for coloring food. In this study, the toxicity of norbixin, purified or not (annatto extract containing 50% norbixin), was investigated in mice and rats after 21 days of ingestion through drinking water. Mice were exposed to doses of 56 and 351 mg/kg (annatto extract) and 0.8, 7.6, 66 and 274 mg/kg (norbixin). Rats were exposed to doses of 0.8, 7.5 and 68 mg/kg (annatto extract) and 0.8, 8.5 and 74 mg/kg (norbixin). In rats, no toxicity was detected by plasma chemistry. In mice, norbixin induced an increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT) while both norbixin and annatto extract induced a decrease in plasma total protein and globulins (P < 0.05). However, no signs of toxicity were detected in liver by histopathological analysis. No enhancement in DNA breakage was detected in liver or kidney from mice treated with annatto pigments, as evaluated by the comet assay. Nevertheless, there was a remarkable effect of norbixin on the glycemia of both rodent species. In rats, norbixin induced hyperglycemia that ranged from 26.9% (8.5 mg/kg norbixin, to 52.6% (74 mg/kg norbixin, P < 0.01) above control levels. In mice, norbixin induced hypoglycemia that ranged from 14.4% (0.8 mg/kg norbixin, P < 0.05) to 21.5% (66 mg/kg norbixin, P < 0.001) below control levels. Rats and mice treated with annatto pigments showed hyperinsulinemia and hypoinsulinemia, respectively indicating that pancreatic beta-cells were functional. More studies should be performed to fully understand of how species-related differences influences the biological fate of norbixin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C.S. Fernandes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Santos AA, Silva MV, Guerreiro LT, Alves MV, Cunha Bastos VL, Cunha Bastos J, Kovary K. Influence of norbixin on plasma cholesterol-associated lipoproteins, plasma arylesterase/paraoxonase activity and hepatic lipid peroxidation of Swiss mice on a high fat diet. Food Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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