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Podgórski R, Galiniak S, Mazur A, Domin A, Podgórska D. Serum levels of leptin, ghrelin putative peptide YY-3 in patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14971. [PMID: 38951515 PMCID: PMC11217397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a severe developmental condition resulting from exposure to alcohol during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine the concentrations of hormones involved in appetite regulation-ghrelin, leptin, and putative peptide YY-3 (PYY)-in the serum of individuals with FASD. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between these hormone levels and clinical indicators. We conducted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on samples collected from 62 FASD patients and 23 individuals without the condition. Our results revealed a significant decrease in leptin levels among FASD patients compared to the control group (5.124 vs. 6.838 ng/mL, p = 0.002). We revealed no statistically significant differences in the levels of other hormones studied (ghrelin and PYY). Comparisons of hormone levels were also conducted in three subgroups: FAS, neurobehavioral disorders associated with prenatal alcohol exposure and FASD risk, as well as by sex. Assignment to FASD subgroups indicated changes only for leptin. Sex had no effect on the levels of hormones. Moreover, the levels of leptin showed a negative correlation with cortisol levels and a positive correlation with BMI and proopiomelanocortin. Alterations in appetite regulation can contribute to the improper development of children with FASD, which might be another factor that should be taken into consideration in the proper treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Podgórski
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Sabina Galiniak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatric, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Domin
- Department of Pediatric, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Dominika Podgórska
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
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AlKalbani SR, Murrin C. The association between alcohol intake and obesity in a sample of the Irish adult population, a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2075. [PMID: 37875864 PMCID: PMC10594818 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity epidemic is one of the most serious public health challenges of the twenty-first century. Alcohol has been studied as a possible risk factor for obesity, but the evidence is discordant. This study examined the association between alcohol consumption and obesity in a sample of the Irish adult population. METHOD An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 2017 Healthy Ireland Survey. The primary survey recruited patients using a two-stage probability-based technique and a face-to-face-administered questionnaire to collect data. Descriptive and comparative data were analysed to identify associations between alcohol-related variables with waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between harmful alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C score ≥ 5) (exposure variable) and obesity indicators (WC and BMI), the primary outcomes of interest. Adjustments were made for sociodemographic, health-related, and other alcohol-related variables. RESULTS Total of 6864 participants, aged 25 and older, took part in this survey (response rate = 60.4%). Most of the participants (81.9%) were alcohol drinkers, with the majority drinking less than three times per week (76.3%); 47.7% were considered harmful drinkers (AUDIT-C score ≥ 5). After controlling for possible confounders, positive associations of harmful alcohol consumption with WC (β = 1.72, 95% CI: 0.25, 3.19) and BMI (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.96) were observed. Binge drinking was positively associated with WC (β = 1.71, 95% CI: 0.50, 2.91), while alcohol consumption frequency was significantly and inversely associated with BMI (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.78). CONCLUSION Harmful alcohol consumption was associated with obesity (high BMI, large WC) after controlling for possible confounders. Frequent binge drinkers were more likely to have a large WC, while frequent alcohol consumers were less likely to have obesity. Further longitudinal studies to examine the exact association between alcohol consumption and obesity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celine Murrin
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Mitkin NA, Unguryanu TN, Malyutina S, Kudryavtsev AV. Association between Alcohol Consumption and Body Composition in Russian Adults and Patients Treated for Alcohol-Related Disorders: The Know Your Heart Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2905. [PMID: 36833602 PMCID: PMC9957482 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence about the association between alcohol consumption and body composition (BC). We aimed to investigate this association in Russian adults. The study population included 2357 residents of Arkhangelsk aged 35-69 years, and 272 in-patients treated for alcohol problems (narcological patients) who participated in the Know Your Heart (KYH) cross-sectional study in 2015-2017. The participants were divided into five subgroups based on their alcohol use characteristics: non-drinkers, non-problem drinkers, hazardous drinkers, harmful drinkers, and narcological patients. Considering men, hazardous drinkers had a larger waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and percentage of body fat mass (%FM) compared to non-problem drinkers. In harmful drinking men, these differences were the opposite: a lower body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), and %FM. Men among narcological patients had the lowest mean BMI, WC, HC, WHR, and %FM compared to other subgroups of men. As for women, non-drinkers had a lower BMI, WC, HC, and %FM compared to non-problem drinkers. Women among narcological patients had the lowest mean BMI and HC but an increased WHR compared to other subgroups of women. In conclusion, alcohol consumption levels had an inverted J-shaped association with adiposity-related BC parameters: they were elevated in hazardous drinkers but were reduced in harmful drinkers, and were even lower in patients with alcohol-related diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A. Mitkin
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- International Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Unguryanu
- Department of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogatkova st., 175/1, 630008 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Therapy, Hematology and Transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Ave., 52, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Kudryavtsev
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- International Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
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Inan-Eroglu E, Huang BH, Hamer M, Britton A, Stamatakis E. Alcohol Consumption and Adiposity: A Longitudinal Analysis of 45,399 UK Biobank Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11945. [PMID: 36231244 PMCID: PMC9565835 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The evidence on the association between alcohol consumption and adiposity is inconsistent and fragmented. We investigated the longitudinal association between alcohol consumption pattern and four different adiposity markers with repeated measures of adiposity and obesity incidence. We categorized current drinkers based on the sex-specific quartiles of their weekly alcohol consumption and the UK alcohol drinking guidelines. We used multivariable adjusted generalised linear models. With the exception of a direct association between alcohol volume and body fat percentage (BF%) in women (B = 0.42%; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.80% for women in the top quartile), we found no associations between alcohol consumption and adiposity markers for either sex. Red wine and champagne/white wine consumption were inversely associated with waist circumference (WC) for both sexes (B = -0.58 cm, 95%CI: -0.77, -0.38 cm and B= -0.49 cm, 95%CI: -0.68, -0.29 cm, respectively, for women; B = -0.28 cm, 95%CI: -0.47, -0.08 cm and B = -0.23 cm, 95%CI: -0.42, -0.04 cm, respectively, for men). Female and male spirit drinkers had higher WC than non-spirit drinkers. Alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk of obesity incidence in women (OR:0.60, 95%CI:0.45, 0.80 for the 2nd quartile, OR:0.53, 95%CI: 0.40, 0.70 for the 3rd quartile and OR:0.61, 95%CI:0.46, 0.80 for the 4th quartile). We found limited evidence of longitudinal associations between alcohol intake and adiposity. The few statistically significant associations we observed are unlikely to be of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Inan-Eroglu
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bo-Huei Huang
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mark Hamer
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Annie Britton
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Joseph PV, Zhou Y, Brooks B, McDuffie C, Agarwal K, Chao AM. Relationships among Alcohol Drinking Patterns, Macronutrient Composition, and Caloric Intake: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:559-565. [PMID: 35284941 PMCID: PMC9465521 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with poor diet. Mixed reports in literature, so far, emphasize on the detailed understanding of relationships between diet composition and binge drinking at different drinking thresholds. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of alcohol consumption thresholds with macronutrient composition, caloric intake and anthropometric measures from the NHANES 2017-2018 dataset. METHODS A total of 2320 participants' data were analyzed. Energy and nutrient content from daily food and beverage intake were assessed via two dietary recall interviews. Physical examination and Alcohol Use Questionnaire including details about lifetime and current usage patterns were obtained. Correlations were evaluated using the Rao-Scott F Adjusted Chi-square statistic and Wald F-test. Sample-weighted multiple linear regression models were built to analyze the associations among volume of alcohol consumed, weight history and macronutrient intake. RESULTS Waist circumference was significantly higher in 0- < 4 drinks/episode (low-quantity) drinkers than 4-7 drinks/episode (medium-quantity) and 8-11 drinks/episode (high-quantity) drinkers. High-quantity drinkers consumed significantly more kilocalories (2569.91) compared with low-quantity drinkers (2106.73). Low-quantity drinkers consumed more energy from carbohydrate and fat than medium and high-quantity drinkers. Very high-quantity drinkers (12+ drinks/episode) consumed less fiber (12.81 g) than low-quantity drinkers (16.67 g). CONCLUSIONS We observed an association between high alcohol intake and differences in eating habits and body composition. The findings suggest a need to compare more specific drinking patterns and their impact on nutrient intake. Although some results conflicted with previous studies, the mechanisms underlying alcohol's effect on ingestive and digestive metabolic pathways are still unclear and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paule V Joseph
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, 19014 PA, USA
| | - Brianna Brooks
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Christian McDuffie
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Khushbu Agarwal
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Ariana M Chao
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, 19014 PA, USA.,Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, 19014 PA, USA
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Campbell CJ, Maro A, Weaver V, Dudley R. Dietary ethanol ingestion by free-ranging spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211729. [PMID: 35345427 PMCID: PMC8941420 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol within ripe and over-ripe fruit is produced naturally through the metabolic activity of fermentative yeasts. As a consequence, frugivorous animals may chronically consume ethanol as part of their routine diet, although direct measurements of such exposure are lacking. Here, we present data on ethanol concentrations within fruits of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) that are eaten by black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Of collected fruits that were partially consumed and then dropped by foraging monkeys, pulp-ethanol content was typically in the range of 1-2%; the percentage of pulp for consumed fruits was not significantly correlated with the ethanol concentration of the pulp remaining within each fruit. Urine samples from foraging spider monkeys were also evaluated for the ethanol metabolites ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate; five of six samples tested positive for both compounds. In aggregate, these data indicate natural exposure to fruit-associated ethanol in a wild primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksey Maro
- Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Weaver
- Anthropology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Robert Dudley
- Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Effect of different food groups on energy intake within and between individuals. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3559-3570. [PMID: 35622135 PMCID: PMC9464146 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Energy intake varies day-to-day because we select different foods, and different amounts of these foods. Energy balance is not tightly regulated over the short-term, and the variability in diet results in an energy surplus or deficit. The aim of this study was to explore how consuming more, or less, than usual amounts of foods contributed towards balancing of total energy intake (TEI) within a day. METHODS Four-day food records came from 6155 adult participants of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey to study these effects. Within-individual regression models of the energy from 60 food groups on TEI were calculated. Energy intake variation within-individuals was regressed separately on the variation in amounts of each food group. Regression models were also fitted to individual four day means. RESULTS Within-individual coefficients ranged from about 0 for high-fibre breakfast cereals to 1.7 for sugar preserves and spreads. Three food groups (e.g. low-calorie soft drinks) tended to reduce TEI, and 13 food groups (e.g. margarine and other spreads, and alcoholic drinks) tended to elevate TEI above the energy content of the food group when more than usual amounts were consumed. Foods groups of higher energy densities, or lower fibre content (e.g. typical "snack" foods, low-fibre bread, and processed meat) tended to promote greater TEI more so than did food groups of lower energy densities (e.g. meat, fish, high-fibre foods, and potatoes). CONCLUSION Different food groups vary considerably in the extent to which they affect TEI in free-living adults. The associations between consuming more, or less, than usual amounts of foods and the effects on TEI are consistent with those found in laboratory studies. Importantly, the present study found similar associations, but using a different methodology and in observational data, providing novel information on energy intake compensation.
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Ramos-Vera C, Serpa Barrientos A, Calizaya-Milla YE, Carvajal Guillen C, Saintila J. Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages Associated With Physical Health Status in Adults: Secondary Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey Data. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319211066205. [PMID: 34991399 PMCID: PMC8744155 DOI: 10.1177/21501319211066205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol consumption constitutes one of the main modifiable risk factors that contribute to the increase in the global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the consumption of alcoholic beverages on the state of physical health and its equivalence according to gender. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) (n = 3865), collected during 2020 were used. Structural equation modeling was applied to assess the fit of the model, which included the prediction of measures of alcohol consumption in physical health and the equivalence of measurements of the proposed structural model in men and women. RESULTS The proposed structural model reported adequate goodness-of-fit indices (SBχ²/gl = 3.817, CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.968, RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.027 [0.016-0.039]; SRMR = 0.016). Frequent alcohol consumption had a negative effect on physical health (b = -0.13, P < .01). Similarly, occasional alcohol consumption negatively predicted elevated BMI and chronic conditions such as, diabetes, hypertension, CVD, and cancer (b = -0.09, P < .01). In addition, drinking patterns of alcoholic beverages affect physical health in equal ways for men and women. CONCLUSION The findings highlight that frequent and occasional alcohol consumption significantly affected physical health in a negative way. Future interventions could address ways to encourage the adoption of a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risks of chronic conditions derived from excessive alcohol consumption.
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Human Evolution and Dietary Ethanol. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072419. [PMID: 34371928 PMCID: PMC8308604 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The "drunken monkey" hypothesis posits that attraction to ethanol derives from an evolutionary linkage among the sugars of ripe fruit, associated alcoholic fermentation by yeast, and ensuing consumption by human ancestors. First proposed in 2000, this concept has received increasing attention from the fields of animal sensory biology, primate foraging behavior, and molecular evolution. We undertook a review of English language citations subsequent to publication of the original paper and assessed research trends and future directions relative to natural dietary ethanol exposure in primates and other animals. Two major empirical themes emerge: attraction to and consumption of fermenting fruits (and nectar) by numerous vertebrates and invertebrates (e.g., Drosophila flies), and genomic evidence for natural selection consistent with sustained exposure to dietary ethanol in diverse taxa (including hominids and the genus Homo) over tens of millions of years. We also describe our current field studies in Uganda of ethanol content within fruits consumed by free-ranging chimpanzees, which suggest chronic low-level exposure to this psychoactive molecule in our closest living relatives.
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Agarwal K, Manza P, Leggio L, Livinski AA, Volkow ND, Joseph PV. Sensory cue reactivity: Sensitization in alcohol use disorder and obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:326-357. [PMID: 33587959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging techniques to measure the function of the human brain such as electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), are powerful tools for understanding the underlying neural circuitry associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and obesity. The sensory (visual, taste and smell) paradigms used in neuroimaging studies represent an ideal platform to investigate the connection between the different neural circuits subserving the reward/executive control systems in these disorders, which may offer a translational mechanism for novel intervention predictions. Thus, the current review provides an integrated summary of the recent neuroimaging studies that have applied cue-reactivity paradigms and neuromodulation strategies to explore underlying alterations in neural circuitry as well in treatment strategies in AUD and obesity. Finally, we discuss literature on mechanisms associated with increased alcohol sensitivity post-bariatric surgery (BS) which offers guidance for future research to use sensory percepts in elucidating the relation of reward signaling in AUD development post-BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda and Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda and Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paule Valery Joseph
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Jepsen S, Suvan J, Deschner J. The association of periodontal diseases with metabolic syndrome and obesity. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83:125-153. [PMID: 32385882 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic plaque biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Globally, it is estimated that 740 million people are affected by its severe form. Periodontitis has been suggested to be linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity, defined as excessive fat accumulation, is a complex multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease, with a high and increasing prevalence. Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and dysglycemia. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and periodontitis are among the most common non-communicable diseases and a large body of evidence from epidemiologic studies supports the association between these conditions. Extensive research has established plausible mechanisms to explain how these conditions can negatively impact each other, pointing to a bidirectional adverse relationship. At present there is only limited evidence available from a few intervention studies. Nevertheless, the global burden of periodontitis combined with the obesity epidemic has important clinical and public health implications for the dental team. In accordance with the common risk factor approach for tackling non-communicable diseases, it has been proposed that oral healthcare professionals have an important role in the promotion of periodontal health and general well-being through facilitation of healthy lifestyle behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean Suvan
- Department of Periodontology, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Inan-Eroglu E, Powell L, Hamer M, O’Donovan G, Duncan MJ, Stamatakis E. Is There a Link between Different Types of Alcoholic Drinks and Obesity? An Analysis of 280,183 UK Biobank Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145178. [PMID: 32709071 PMCID: PMC7400254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the associations between types of alcoholic drinks and adiposity has public health relevance, considering that adult overweight and obesity prevalence are increasing worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the association between overall alcohol consumption and types of alcohol drinks with markers of adiposity from the UK Biobank baseline data (n = 280,183, 48.3% female). Generalized linear models were used to examine the associations between alcohol consumption with body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. Those drinking within the public health guidelines had a lower BMI by 1.34 kg/m2 (95% CI 1.42, 1.26 kg/m2) compared to never drinkers. Association between alcohol consumption and body fat percentage were not statistically significant. Compared to those who never drink wines (red wine, champagne and fortified wine), drinkers of these alcoholic beverages had lower BMI (difference of -0.75 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.78, -0.72 kg/m2; -0.48 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.52, -0.45 kg/m2; and -0.24 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.29, -0.18 kg/m2, respectively). Beer and spirits drinkers had higher BMI compared to never drinkers of beer and spirits (difference of 0.18 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.14, 0.22 kg/m2 and 0.64 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.61, 0.68 kg/m2, respectively). Our data did not find a link between alcohol drinking and higher risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Inan-Eroglu
- The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia;
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Lauren Powell
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Mark Hamer
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Gary O’Donovan
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 57, Colombia;
| | - Mitch J. Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health; Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia;
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia;
- Charles Perkins Centre Epidemiology Unit, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-86271867
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Nguyen H. How does alcohol access affect transitional adults' healthy dietary behaviors? ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2019; 35:82-95. [PMID: 31255971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rich evidence of the negative effects of alcohol on health, educational, and labor market outcomes, less is known about whether or how lowering the cost of accessing alcohol affects youths' healthy dietary behaviors. Our study addresses this gap by employing individual-level data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97). Exploiting the age cutoff in the US minimum legal drinking age law, we find that the transition to the age of 21 coincides with a discontinuous increase in the consumption of fruit and vegetables among the overall NLSY97 sample. One possible explanation for this seemingly counterintuitive result is that some youths re-optimized in response to an exogenous reduction in the cost of alcohol access. We separated the results by drinking status and gender, scrutinized the drinking subsample, and found suggestive evidence in support of this hypothesis. We also examined different sociodemographic subgroups to better understand the heterogeneous local average treatment effects of the universal MLDA policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Economics, University of Tennessee, 916 Volunteer Blvd, 534 Stokely Management Center, Knoxville TN 37996, United States of America.
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Alhadeff AL, Goldstein N, Park O, Klima ML, Vargas A, Betley JN. Natural and Drug Rewards Engage Distinct Pathways that Converge on Coordinated Hypothalamic and Reward Circuits. Neuron 2019; 103:891-908.e6. [PMID: 31277924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Motivated behavior is influenced by neural networks that integrate physiological needs. Here, we describe coordinated regulation of hypothalamic feeding and midbrain reward circuits in awake behaving mice. We find that alcohol and other non-nutritive drugs inhibit activity in hypothalamic feeding neurons. Interestingly, nutrients and drugs utilize different pathways for the inhibition of hypothalamic neuron activity, as alcohol signals hypothalamic neurons in a vagal-independent manner, while fat and satiation signals require the vagus nerve. Concomitantly, nutrients, alcohol, and drugs also increase midbrain dopamine signaling. We provide evidence that these changes are interdependent, as modulation of either hypothalamic neurons or midbrain dopamine signaling influences reward-evoked activity changes in the other population. Taken together, our results demonstrate that (1) food and drugs can engage at least two peripheral→central pathways to influence hypothalamic neuron activity, and (2) hypothalamic and dopamine circuits interact in response to rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Alhadeff
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nitsan Goldstein
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Onyoo Park
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle L Klima
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra Vargas
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Nicholas Betley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Effect of alcohol consumption on food energy intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:481-495. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe relationship between alcohol consumption and body weight is complex and inconclusive being potentially mediated by alcohol type, habitual consumption levels and sex differences. Heavy and regular alcohol consumption has been positively correlated with increasing body weight, although it is unclear whether this is due to alcohol consumption per se or to additional energy intake from food. This review explores the effects of alcohol consumption on food energy intake in healthy adults. CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, Medline and PsycINFO were searched through February 2018 for crossover and randomised controlled trials where an alcohol dose was compared with a non-alcohol condition. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. A total of twenty-two studies involving 701 participants were included from the 18 427 papers retrieved. Studies consistently demonstrated no compensation for alcoholic beverage energy intake, with dietary energy intake not decreasing due to alcoholic beverage ingestion. Meta-analyses using the random-effects model were conducted on twelve studies and demonstrated that alcoholic beverage consumption significantly increased food energy intake and total energy intake compared with a non-alcoholic comparator by weighted mean differences of 343 (95 % CI 161, 525) and 1072 (95 % CI 820, 1323) kJ, respectively. Generalisability is limited to younger adults (18–37 years), and meta-analyses for some outcomes had substantial statistical heterogeneity or evidence of small-study effects. This review suggests that adults do not compensate appropriately for alcohol energy by eating less, and a relatively modest alcohol dose may lead to an increase in food consumption.
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenases Genetic Polymorphism and Obesity: From Genomics to Behavior and Health. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1193:135-154. [PMID: 31368102 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is multifactorial and complex. Remarkable progress has been made recently in search for polygenic obesity through genome-wide association study (GWAS), but biology of polygenic effects on obesity is largely poor. This review summarizes the available evidence and provides an overview of the links between ALDH2 variants and adiposity, which were firstly and mainly derived from studies of polygenic obesity and also indirectly investigated by using cell lines and mice. The genetic association studies have observed consistent associations of ALDH2 variants with obesity-related traits including BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and visceral fat accumulation. In consideration of ALDH2 variants with enzyme activity and alcohol consumption behavior in physiological mechanism studies, we proposed a model by which the physiological and behavioral consequences of alcohol consumption serve as an intermediary process between polymorphisms in ALDH2 and obesity.
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Downer MK, Bertoia ML, Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ. Change in Alcohol Intake in Relation to Weight Change in a Cohort of US Men with 24 Years of Follow-Up. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1988-1996. [PMID: 28940996 PMCID: PMC5679228 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the potential effects of alcohol by subtype on reported long-term weight change. METHODS This study examined changes in alcohol intake (total, wine, light beer, regular beer, and liquor) and simultaneous changes in reported body weight within 4-year periods from 1986 to 2010 from US men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. The study adjusted for age, changes in lifestyle and dietary covariates, and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS The study included observations of 44,603 four-year periods from 14,971 men. Total alcohol, total beer, regular beer, and liquor intakes, modeled as the increase in weight per increase in drinks per day, were each directly associated with moderate weight gain over the 4-year periods, in pounds: total alcohol: 0.23 (0.10 to 0.35); total beer: 0.29 (0.08 to 0.51); regular beer: 0.61 (0.22 to 1.00); and liquor: 0.28 (0.09 to 0.48). Results for wine and light beer were as follows: wine: 0.16 (-0.04 to 0.36) and light beer: -0.38 (-1.07 to 0.08). Results were strongest for men < 55 years old. CONCLUSIONS Increased alcohol consumption was associated with minor reported weight gain at levels unlikely to be clinically meaningful. Beverage-specific differences were not substantial enough to make dietary recommendations for weight loss or maintenance by beverage type. The greatest risk of weight gain was among men who increased consumption to levels well above moderation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Downer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica L Bertoia
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken J Mukamal
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Zungu MM, Downs CT. Effects of ethanol on fruit selection by frugivorous birds. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2016.1276856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manqoba M Zungu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Colleen T Downs
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Baskini M, Proios H. The effect of alcohol on the nature of lexical representations in different taste domains. PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT 2016. [DOI: 10.5964/psyct.v9i2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption may be involved in cognitive feedback mechanisms (Hofmann & Friese, 2008), participants execute verbal fluency test (VFT) better (Cerhan et al., 1998) and there is positive association between sweet taste and excessive alcohol intake (Lange, Kampov-Polevoy, & Garbutt, 2010). We investigate the immediate pharmacological consequences of moderate to light alcohol consumption in verbal fluency and categorical sorting within the different taste domains (i.e. sweet, salty, sour and bitter). Our hypothesis is that subjects under the influence of light to moderate alcohol will produce more items in the sweet domain. 53 healthy adults had moderate alcohol consumption and were compared in two semantic tasks to 53 adults, who did not drink alcohol. Mann-Whitney U tests showed that the total number of clusters, switches, and repetitions were equal between the two groups in all taste domains (p-values: .211, .401, and .684 respectively). The number of responses in the alcohol group generated more disinhibiting intrusive words during the VFTs as compared to the control group (p-value: <.001). VFTs and the order of taste preference in the card-sorting task showed positive correlation and agreement. Light to moderate alcohol did not affect verbal fluency. However, participants under the influence of alcohol generated significantly more errors in the VFTs that were emotionally laden. This corroborates with research that certain emotions are innervated with taste domains. This leaves open question about the effects of alcohol on decision making in eating and executive functions as they relate to lexical representations.
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Brito-Filho SBD, Moura EGD, Santos OJD, Sauaia-Filho EN, Amorim E, Santana EEC, Barros-Filho AKD, Santos RAP. EFFECT OF CHRONIC INGESTION OF WINE ON THE GLYCEMIC, LIPID AND BODY WEIGHT HOMEOSTASIS IN MICE. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2016; 29:146-150. [PMID: 27759775 PMCID: PMC5074663 DOI: 10.1590/0102-6720201600030005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The health benefits associated with moderate wine consumption, as with ethanol and phenolic compounds, include different mechanisms still little understandable. Aim Evaluate glycemic and weight variations, and the deposit of triglycerides, cholesterol and liver glycogen with red wine consumption. Methods 60 ApoE knockout mice were divided into three groups of 20: Wine Group (WG), Ethanol Group (EG) and Water Group (WAG). They received daily: WG 50 ml of wine and 50 ml water; EG 6 ml ethanol and WAG 94 ml of water. All groups were followed for four months. The food intake was monitored daily, in the period from eight to ten hours and held every five days. The measurement of water intake was also made every five days. The weighing of the animals took place every ten days. Results The WG had higher weight increase as compared to the other groups. The concentration of hepatic triglyceride was higher in WG (57%) and the EG group was lower (31.6%, p<0.01) than the control. The concentration of cholesterol was lower in the WG (23.6%), as well as EG (24.5%, p<0.05). The concentration of glycogen was higher in WG (16%) and fasting blood glucose was higher in EG compared to the other groups but not both demonstrated a statistically significant difference. Conclusion The WG increased triglyceride and WAG decreased cholesterol. The triglyceride may be increased due to the high caloric value of wine or some unknown property that led to significant increase in subcutaneous andretroperitoneal fat in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Barreto de Brito-Filho
- Academic League in Experimental Surgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão and State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Academic League in Experimental Surgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão and State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Orlando José Dos Santos
- Academic League in Experimental Surgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão and State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Euler Nicolau Sauaia-Filho
- Academic League in Experimental Surgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão and State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elias Amorim
- Academic League in Experimental Surgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão and State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ewaldo Eder Carvalho Santana
- Academic League in Experimental Surgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão and State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Allan Kardec Dualibe Barros-Filho
- Academic League in Experimental Surgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão and State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rennan Abud Pinheiro Santos
- Academic League in Experimental Surgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Federal University of Maranhão and State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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da Rocha TF, Hasselmann MH, Chaves Curioni C, Bezerra FF, Faerstein E. Alcohol consumption is associated with DXA measurement of adiposity: the Pró-Saúde Study, Brazil. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1983-1991. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cicognini FM, Belli R, Andena T, Giuberti G, Gallo A, Rossi F. Relationships of alcohol consumption and nutritional knowledge on body weight and composition in a group of Italian students. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-160058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maria Cicognini
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Roberto Belli
- Campus Agroalimentare di Piacenza Raineri-Marcora, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Andena
- Campus Agroalimentare di Piacenza Raineri-Marcora, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giuberti
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Beekman JB, Ferrer RA, Klein WMP, Persky S. Effects of perceived weight discrimination on willingness to adopt unhealthy behaviours: influence of genomic information. Psychol Health 2015; 31:334-48. [PMID: 26406164 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2015.1099654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight-based discrimination negatively influences health, potentially via increased willingness to engage in unhealthful behaviours. This study examines whether the provision of genomic obesity information in a clinical context can lead to less willingness to engage in unhealthy eating and alcohol consumption through a mediated process including reduced perceptions of blame and discrimination. DESIGN A total of 201 overweight or obese women aged 20-50 interacted with a virtual physician in a simulated clinical primary care environment, which included physician-delivered information that emphasised either genomic or behavioural underpinnings of weight and weight loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Perceived blame and weight discrimination from the doctor, and willingness to eat unhealthy foods and consume alcohol. RESULTS Controlling for BMI and race, participants who received genomic information perceived less blame from the doctor than participants who received behavioural information. In a serial multiple mediation model, reduced perceived blame was associated with less perceived discrimination, and in turn, lower willingness to eat unhealthy foods and drink alcohol. CONCLUSION Providing patients with genomic information about weight and weight loss may positively influence interpersonal dynamics between patients and providers by reducing perceived blame and perceived discrimination. These improved dynamics, in turn, positively influence health cognitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine B Beekman
- a Department of Psychology , The George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Rebecca A Ferrer
- b Behavioral Research Program , National Cancer Institute , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - William M P Klein
- b Behavioral Research Program , National Cancer Institute , Rockville , MD , USA
| | - Susan Persky
- c Social and Behavioral Research Branch , National Human Genome Research Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Schrieks IC, Stafleu A, Griffioen-Roose S, de Graaf C, Witkamp RF, Boerrigter-Rijneveld R, Hendriks HF. Moderate alcohol consumption stimulates food intake and food reward of savoury foods. Appetite 2015; 89:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Wang WC, Worsley A. Healthy eating norms and food consumption. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:592-601. [PMID: 24595223 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Beliefs about what people think they ought to eat to be healthy ('healthy eating norms (HENs)') may be important influences on food consumption. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive roles of normative expectations and demographics, personal values, substance use behaviours and body weight on reported food consumption among middle-aged Australians. SUBJECTS/METHODS A questionnaire was administered by mail to a random sample of people aged 40 years and above, drawn from the Electoral Rolls in Victoria, Australia. Part of the questionnaire contained questions about the respondents' beliefs about what should they eat to be healthy, what actually they ate, their personal values, smoking and alcohol use, as well as self-reported heights and weights and demographic characteristics. RESULTS Respondents' reported food consumption did not match their HENs. Demographics, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and personal values, and HENs were associated with reported consumption but the relationships differed among men and women. Generally, high energy-dense, nutrition-poor (EDNP) food consumption was negatively associated with age. Fruit and vegetable HEN and consumption was positively linked to universalist values but negatively related to smoking status among men. In contrast in women, fruit and vegetable HENs were positively related to income and education while EDNP HEN was negatively associated with age and income but positively linked to body weight and power values. CONCLUSIONS Reported food consumption was associated with HEN, personal values, demographics, smoking and BMI through different pathways among men and women. The implications for nutrition promotion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Wang
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Worsley
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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The effects of binge drinking behaviour on recovery and performance after a rugby match. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 17:244-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Poppitt SD, Strik CM, McArdle BH, McGill AT, Hall RS. Evidence of enhanced serum amino acid profile but not appetite suppression by dietary glycomacropeptide (GMP): a comparison of dairy whey proteins. J Am Coll Nutr 2014; 32:177-86. [PMID: 23885991 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.791186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence that high-protein foods increase satiety and may aid weight loss, yet little is known of differential effects of protein composition. The aim of the study was to compare the acute effects of 4 whey proteins on satiety and food intake and to evaluate possible relationships with postprandial serum amino acid concentrations. METHODS Isoenergetic high-protein shakes (∼1 MJ) containing 25 g whey protein were given to 18 lean male participants using a crossover design. Three protein fractions identified as satiating in a rat model, glycomacropeptide (GMP), beta-lactoglobulin (ß-lac), and colostrum whey protein concentrate (WPC), were compared with a WPC control. A standardized 2.5MJ breakfast was given at 0830 hours, followed by the preload beverages at 1130 hours. Participants rated appetite sensations using visual analogue scales (VAS) prior to the beverage (baseline, 0 minutes) and then at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 150, and 210 minutes. Energy and macronutrient intake was measured by covert weighing of an ad libitum lunch meal at 90 minutes. Repeat blood samples were collected via venous cannulation. RESULTS Serum amino acid (a.a.) concentrations differed between whey fractions (p=0.012) and were higher following GMP compared to ß-lac (p=0.051) and colostrum WPC (p=0.044) but not the WPC control (p=0.20). There was no difference in VAS-rated hunger, satisfaction, or thoughts of food between whey fractions, but fullness did differ (p=0.032) and was highest following the ß-lac beverage. Energy intake was not suppressed relative to control by any of the 3 whey fractions. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that total serum a.a. concentration was a poor indicator of satiety, with little evidence of differential satiety between these whey proteins other than a modest enhancement of fullness by ß-lac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally D Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Srinivasan CS. Can adherence to dietary guidelines address excess caloric intake? An empirical assessment for the UK. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2013; 11:574-591. [PMID: 23665354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The facilitation of healthier dietary choices by consumers is a key element of government strategies to combat the rising incidence of obesity in developed and developing countries. Public health campaigns to promote healthier eating often target compliance with recommended dietary guidelines for consumption of individual nutrients such as fats and added sugars. This paper examines the association between improved compliance with dietary guidelines for individual nutrients and excess calorie intake, the most proximate determinant of obesity risk. We apply quantile regressions and counterfactual decompositions to cross-sectional data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2000-01) to assess how excess calorie consumption patterns in the UK are likely to change with improved compliance with dietary guidelines. We find that the effects of compliance vary significantly across different quantiles of calorie consumption. Our results show that compliance with dietary guidelines for individual nutrients, even if successfully achieved, is likely to be associated with only modest shifts in excess calorie consumption patterns. Consequently, public health campaigns that target compliance with dietary guidelines for specific nutrients in isolation are unlikely to have a significant effect on the obesity risk faced by the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Srinivasan
- Department of Food Economics and Marketing, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Agriculture Building, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.
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Oliveira S, Fontanelli BAF, Stefanini M, Chuffa L, Teixeira G, Lizarte F, Tirapelli L, Quitete V, Matheus S, Padovani C, Martinez M, Martinez F. Interaction of maternal separation on the UCh rat Cerebellum. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 77:44-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy, Biosciences Institute; UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - B. A. F. Fontanelli
- Department of Anatomy, Biosciences Institute; UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - M.A. Stefanini
- Department of Morphology and Pathology; UFSCar-Federal University of São Carlos; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - L.G.A. Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Biosciences Institute; UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - G.R. Teixeira
- Department of Anatomy, Biosciences Institute; UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - F.S.N. Lizarte
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy; USP-University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - L.F. Tirapelli
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy; USP-University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - V.H.A. Quitete
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - S.M.M. Matheus
- Department of Anatomy, Biosciences Institute; UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - C.R. Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Biosciences Institute; UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - M. Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology; UFSCar-Federal University of São Carlos; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - F.E. Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Biosciences Institute; UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista; Botucatu SP Brazil
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HORIKOSHI M, FUNAKOSHI A, MIYASAKA K, SEKIME A. Sex difference in the effects of alcohol on gastric emptying in healthy volunteers:A study using the 13C breath test. Biomed Res 2013; 34:275-80. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.34.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Benítez-Arciniega AD, Gómez-Ulloa D, Vila A, Giralt L, Colprim D, Rovira Martori MA, Schröder H. Olive oil consumption, BMI, and risk of obesity in Spanish adults. Obes Facts 2012; 5:52-9. [PMID: 22433617 DOI: 10.1159/000336848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive oil is an energy-dense food frequently consumed in south European countries with increasingly high obesity prevalence. Evidence of the impact of olive oil consumption on BMI and the risk of obesity is limited. We analyzed this association taking into consideration the problem of energy underreporting. METHODS Cross-sectional data on 6,352 Spanish adults were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Height and weight were measured. RESULTS Higher olive oil consumption was not associated with energy compensation in the overall diet. Olive oil consumption was positively associated (p < 0.004) with BMI in non-energy-adjusted multivariate linear regression models. Statistical significance of this association disappeared after controlling for energy intake in plausible energy intake reporters. The obesity risk increased for olive oil consumption of more than 2 tablespoons/day in both plausible energy intake reporters (odds ratio 1.30 (95% CI 1.01-1.70)) and energy intake underreporters (odds ratio 3.06 (95% CI 2.15-4.35)). This association was not significant after additional adjustment for energy intake (odds ratio 1.19 (95% CI 0.91-1.56)) in plausible energy intake reporters. CONCLUSION Olive oil intake did not affect BMI and the risk of obesity after adjustment for total energy intake in plausible energy intake reporters. The lack of energy intake compensation for olive oil consumption might explain the positive associations in models not adjusted for energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra D Benítez-Arciniega
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Research Program in Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
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Sayon-Orea C, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Bes-Rastrollo M. Alcohol consumption and body weight: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2011; 69:419-31. [PMID: 21790610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the fact that energy content in 1 gram of alcohol is 29 kJ or 7.1 kcal, alcohol consumption can lead to weight gain. The present review was conducted to analyze the effects of alcohol consumption on body weight. A search of the Medline database for the period 1984 to March 2010 was conducted to identify cross-sectional, prospective cohort studies and intervention trials investigating the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of weight gain. Thirty-one publications were selected on the basis of relevance and quality of design and methods. The findings from large cross-sectional studies as well as from well-powered, prospective, cohort studies with long periods of follow-up were contradictory. Findings from short-term experimental trials also did not show a clear trend. The overall results do not conclusively confirm a positive association between alcohol consumption and weight gain; however, positive findings between alcohol intake and weight gain have been reported, mainly from studies with data on higher levels of drinking. It is, therefore, possible that heavy drinkers may experience such an effect more commonly than light drinkers. Moreover, light-to-moderate alcohol intake, especially wine intake, may be more likely to protect against weight gain, whereas consumption of spirits has been positively associated with weight gain. Further research should be directed towards assessing the specific roles of different types of alcoholic beverages. Studies should also take the effect of consumption patterns into account. In addition, a potential effect modifier that has not been evaluated before but might be important to consider is the subjects' previous tendency to gain weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sayon-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Spain
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Katano S, Nakamura Y, Okuda N, Murakami Y, Chiba N, Yoshita K, Tanaka T, Tamaki J, Takebayashi T, Okayama A, Miura K, Okamura T, Ueshima H. Relationship between Dietary and Other Lifestyle Habits and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Men. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2011; 3:30. [PMID: 22082186 PMCID: PMC3247864 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-3-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of men with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) is increasing in Japan. Few studies have comprehensively examined the relation between lifestyles and CMRF. METHODS We examined the baseline data from 3,498 male workers ages 19 to 69 years who participated in the high-risk and population strategy for occupational health promotion (HIPOP-OHP) study at 12 large-scale companies throughout Japan. The physical activity of each participant was classified according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Dietary intake was surveyed by a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. We defined four CMRF in this study as follows: 1) high blood pressure (BP): systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive drugs; 2) dyslipidemia: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration < 40 mg/dl, or triglycerides concentration ≥ 150 mg/dl, or on medication for dyslipidemia; 3) impaired glucose tolerance: fasting blood sugar concentration ≥110 mg/dl; 4) obese: a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. RESULTS Those who had 0 to 4 CMRF accounted for 1,597 (45.7%), 1,032 (29.5%), 587 (16.8%), 236 (6.7%), and 44 (1.3%) participants, respectively, in the Poisson distribution. Poisson regression analysis revealed that independent factors that contributed to the number of CMRF were age (b = 0.020, P < 0.01), IPAQ (b = -0.091, P < 0.01), alcohol intake (ml/day) (b = 0.001, P = 0.03), percentage of protein intake (b = 0.059, P = 0.01), and total energy intake (kcal)(b = 0.0001, P < 0.01). Furthermore, alcohol intake and its frequency had differential effects. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intake, percent protein and total energy intake were positively associated, whereas drinking frequency and IPAQ were inversely associated, with the number of CMRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Katano
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- The First Institute of Health Service, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Murakami
- Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Japan
| | - Nagako Chiba
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba International Junior College, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taichiro Tanaka
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Public Health, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- The First Institute of Health Service, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Valencia-Martín JL, Galán I, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. The association between alcohol consumption patterns and adherence to food consumption guidelines. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:2075-81. [PMID: 21848958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between alcohol consumption patterns and adherence to major food consumption guidelines in adults in Spain. METHODS Telephone survey of 12,037 persons, representative of the population age 18 to 64 years in the region of Madrid, conducted from 2000 to 2005. The threshold between average moderate and excessive drinking was 40 g alcohol/d in men and 24 g/d in women. Binge drinking was defined as intake of ≥80 g alcohol in men and ≥60 g in women during 1 drinking session in the last 30 days. Food consumption was measured with a 24-hour recall. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression and adjusted for the main confounders. RESULTS In total, 4.3% of study participants were excessive drinkers and 10.3% binge drinkers; 6.5% preferred spirits and 24.2% drank with meals. In comparison with never drinking, average moderate drinking with binge drinking was associated with excessive meat consumption (>1 serving/d). Excessive alcohol consumption without binge drinking was associated with insufficient intake of milk products (<2 servings/d) and excessive consumption of meat, fish, and eggs (>2 servings/d). Excessive drinkers with binge drinking more often did not meet the guidelines on consumption of fruit and vegetables (<3 servings/d), milk products, and meat. Excessive drinkers, with and without binge drinking, were more likely to skip a meal, especially breakfast. Consumption mainly of spirits was associated with insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, and with skipping a meal. Finally, drinking at mealtimes was associated with poor adherence to most of the food consumption guidelines. No dietary differences between men and women were found in relation to alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Average excessive alcohol consumption, binge drinking, preference for spirits, and drinking alcohol at mealtimes are associated with poor adherence to major food consumption guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Valencia-Martín
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
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Lycett D, Munafò M, Johnstone E, Murphy M, Aveyard P. Weight change over eight years in relation to alcohol consumption in a cohort of continuing smokers and quitters. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13:1149-54. [PMID: 21622496 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stopping smoking results in weight gain. Avoidance of alcohol is often advocated to reduce cues to smoking, but the effect of alcohol consumption on body weight is unclear. METHODS We used regression models to examine weight change by baseline alcohol consumption in quitting and continuing smokers. Weight was measured at baseline and at 8 years, and weekly alcohol consumption was reported at baseline in participants from the Oxfordshire general practices nicotine patch/placebo trial. Of 698 smokers attempting to stop smoking, 85 were abstinent for 8 years and 613 continued to smoke. RESULTS The association between baseline alcohol consumption and weight change depended upon smoking status (p for interaction = .019). In smokers, there was no association with weight change, 0.005 (95% CI: -0.037 to 0.056) kg per UK unit (U) (8 g of ethanol) consumed each week. This was unmodified by gender and baseline body mass index (BMI). In quitters, there was a negative association with weight change, -0.174 (95% CI: -0.315 to -0.034) kg per U consumed each week (unmodified by gender and baseline BMI). Quitters who consumed 14 U (112 g ethanol) a week weighed a mean 2.4 kg less than quitters who did not drink. CONCLUSIONS Quitting smokers who drink more alcohol appear to gain less weight after quitting than those who do not drink. This is consistent across studies, it may be accounted for by unmeasured confounders or it may be that alcohol reduces weight gain. If alcohol reduces weight gain, the advice for quitting smokers must balance the benefits and hazards of alcohol consumption. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to advise quitters who drink little or no alcohol to increase consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Lycett
- UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Chuffa LGA, Amorim JPA, Teixeira GR, Mendes LO, Fioruci BA, Pinheiro PFF, Seiva FRF, Novelli ELB, de Mello Júnior W, Martinez M, Almeida-Francia CCD, Martinez FE. Long-term exogenous melatonin treatment modulates overall feed efficiency and protects ovarian tissue against injuries caused by ethanol-induced oxidative stress in adult UChB rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 35:1498-508. [PMID: 21438888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ethanol intake leads to reproductive damage including reactive oxygen species formation, which accelerates the oxidative process. Melatonin is known to regulate the reproductive cycle, food/liquid intake, and it may also act as a potent antioxidant indoleamine. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of alcoholism and melatonin treatment on overall feed efficiency and to analyze its protective role against the oxidative stress in the ovarian tissue of UChB rats (submitted to 10% [v/v] voluntary ethanol consumption). METHODS Forty adult female rats (n = 10/group) were finally selected for this study: UChB Co: drinking water only; and UChB EtOH: drinking ethanol at 2 to 6 ml/100 g/d + water, both receiving 0.9% NaCl + 95% ethanol 0.04 ml as vehicle. Concomitantly, UChB Co + M and UChB EtOH + M groups were infused with vehicle + melatonin (100 μg/100 g body weight/d) intraperitoneally over 60 days. All animals were euthanized by decapitation during the morning estrus (4 am). RESULTS Body weight gain was reduced with ethanol plus melatonin after 40 days of treatment. In both melatonin-treated groups, it was observed a reduction in food-derived calories and liquid intake toward the end of treatment. The amount of consumed ethanol dropped during the treatment. Estrous cycle was longer in rats that received both ethanol and melatonin, with prolonged diestrus. Following to oxidative status, lipid hydroperoxide levels were higher in the ovaries of ethanol-preferring rats and decreased after melatonin treatment. Additionally, antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione reductase activity were increased in melatonin-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that melatonin is able to affect feed efficiency and, conversely, it protects the ovaries against the oxidative stress arising from ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo A Chuffa
- Structural and Cell Biology Program, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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Weight perception, weight change intentions, and alcohol use among young adults. Body Image 2011; 8:149-56. [PMID: 21354877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and binge drinking are important health issues for young adults in the United States. Several studies have investigated the relationship between these constructs with mixed results. One possible explanation to disentangle this relationship suggests that how people feel about their weight, regardless of their actual weight, may explain some variation in alcohol use. This study (n = 4497) investigated the relationship between two types of body weight concerns--weight perception and weight change intentions--and binge drinking. Controlling for measured body weight, we considered whether body weight concerns increase risk for binge drinking. Findings suggest that women who reported trying to lose weight had an increased risk of binge drinking. Conversely, men who perceived themselves overweight were significantly less likely to participate in binge drinking. We conclude with a discussion of the finding's implications.
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Sayon-Orea C, Bes-Rastrollo M, Nuñez-Cordoba JM, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Beunza JJ, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Type of alcoholic beverage and incidence of overweight/obesity in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN project. Nutrition 2010; 27:802-8. [PMID: 21146360 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of alcohol on body weight might be modulated by the total amount of alcohol intake and type of alcoholic beverage. However, available results are contradictory. There is a scarcity of studies on this topic in Mediterranean areas where wine consumption is high. We prospectively evaluated the association between the type of alcoholic beverage intake and weight change in a Mediterranean cohort. METHODS We followed for an average of 6.1 y 9318 adults without previous chronic disease at baseline. Validated data on diet including alcohol consumption were collected at baseline. Weight was recorded at baseline and updated every 2 y during follow-up. The outcomes were average weight gained every year and incidence of overweight/obesity after a 6-y follow-up. RESULTS During follow-up, 1006 incident cases of overweight/obesity were identified in participants with normal weight at baseline. Beer and spirits consumption (≥7 drinks/wk) was associated with a +119 g/y (95% confidence interval +27 to +212) higher average yearly weight gain after adjusting for relevant confounders. It was also associated with a higher risk of developing overweight/obesity compared with non-drinkers. No association between wine consumption and yearly weight change or the risk of developing overweight/obesity was apparent. CONCLUSION The type of alcoholic beverage can modulate the effect of alcohol intake on the risk of developing overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sayon-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, and Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Navarra, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug Sellman
- National Addiction Centre, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Turner R, Iwaniec U. Moderate weight gain does not influence bone metabolism in skeletally mature female rats. Bone 2010; 47:631-5. [PMID: 20601291 PMCID: PMC2926277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone mass is correlated with body weight during growth. However, it is unclear how bone mass is influenced by weight gain following skeletal maturity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of weight maintenance and two rates of weight gain on bone metabolism using skeletally mature female rats. Eight-month-old female rats were fed one of 3 diets for 13 weeks: Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet ad lib (control diet), the same diet with caloric restriction to maintain initial body weight (calorie-restricted diet), and the same diet fed ad lib with the exception that appetite was enhanced (calorie-increased diet) by replacing a small quantity of maltose-dextran isocalorically with ethanol (0.5% caloric intake). Compared to baseline, rats fed the calorie-restricted, control, and calorie-increased diets changed in weight by -1+/-2% (mean+/-SE), 10+/-3%, and 21+/-2%, respectively. Weight gain was associated with a significant increase in serum leptin, a putative regulator of bone formation. In contrast, significant differences in tibial bone mineral content and density were not detected among treatments groups following dietary intervention or between treatment groups and the baseline group. Similarly, indices of cancellous bone architecture (area, trabecular number, thickness, and separation) and bone turnover (mineralizing perimeter, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate) did not differ among groups following dietary intervention. Our findings suggest that neither weight gain nor increased serum leptin levels, over the range evaluated, influence bone metabolism in skeletally mature female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.T. Turner
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - U.T. Iwaniec
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Corresponding author: Urszula T. Iwaniec, Ph.D., Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, 108 Milam Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, Tel: 541-737-9925, Fax: 541-737-6914,
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Lee MY, Kim MY, Kim SY, Kim JH, Kim BH, Shin JY, Shin YG, Yun JH, Ryu SY, Lee TY, Koh SB, Chung CH. Association between alcohol intake amount and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean rural male population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 88:196-202. [PMID: 20189260 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption is known to be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, few studies reported that long-term alcohol drinking may increase the prevalence of central obesity, and cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between metabolic syndrome, nutritional factors and alcohol intake amount in Korean male rural population. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on data from Korean Rural Genomic Cohort (KRGC) study. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate the adjusted odds ratio of metabolic syndrome according to alcohol intake amount categories (never, 0-16 g/day, 16-40 g/day, and >40 g/day). The age adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly increased in the quartile with the highest alcohol consumption compared to the non-alcohol drinking group (1.33; C.I., 1.11-1.59). These results were similar in the high energy intake group, but not in the low energy intake group. Waist circumference, blood pressure, and serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the quartile with the highest alcohol consumption compared to the non-alcohol drinking group. These results suggest that large alcohol consumption is associated with metabolic syndrome and may be a modifiable risk factor of metabolic syndrome especially in subjects with high calorie intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Katano S, Nakamura Y, Nakamura A, Murakami Y, Tanaka T, Nakagawa H, Takebayashi T, Yamato H, Okayama A, Miura K, Okamura T, Ueshima H. Relationship among physical activity, smoking, drinking and clustering of the metabolic syndrome diagnostic components. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:644-50. [PMID: 20379052 DOI: 10.5551/jat.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the relation between lifestyle and the number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnostic components in a general population, and to find a means of preventing the development of MetS components. METHODS We examined baseline data from 3,365 participants (2,714 men and 651 women) aged 19 to 69 years who underwent a physical examination, lifestyle survey, and blood chemical examination. The physical activity of each participant was classified according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We defined four components for MetS in this study as follows: 1) high BP: systolic BP > or = 130 mmHg or diastolic BP > or = 85 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive drugs; 2) dyslipidemia: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration < 40 mg/dL, triglycerides concentration > or = 150 mg/dL, or on medication for dyslipidemia; 3) Impaired glucose tolerance: fasting blood sugar level > or = 110 mg/d, or if less than 8 hours after meals > or = 140 mg/dL), or on medication for diabetes mellitus; 4) obesity: body mass index > or = 25 kg/m(2). RESULTS Those who had 0 to 4 MetS diagnostic components accounted for 1,726, 949, 484, 190, and 16 participants, respectively, in the Poisson distribution. Poisson regression analysis revealed that independent factors contributing to the number of MetS diagnostic components were being male (regression coefficient b=0.600, p < 0.01), age (b=0.027, p < 0.01), IPAQ class (b=-0.272, p= 0.03), and alcohol consumption (b=0.020, p=0.01). The contribution of current smoking was not statistically significant (b=-0.067, p=0.76). CONCLUSION Moderate physical activity was inversely associated with the number of MetS diagnostic components, whereas smoking was not associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Katano
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
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Gandy J. Alcohol - friend or foe? J Hum Nutr Diet 2010; 23:111-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2010.01053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chang GQ, Barson JR, Karatayev O, Chang SY, Chen YW, Leibowitz SF. Effect of chronic ethanol on enkephalin in the hypothalamus and extra-hypothalamic areas. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34:761-70. [PMID: 20184566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol may be consumed for reasons such as reward, anxiety reduction, or caloric content, and the opioid enkephalin (ENK) appears to be involved in many of these functions. Previous studies in Sprague-Dawley rats have demonstrated that ENK in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is stimulated by voluntary consumption of ethanol. This suggests that this opioid peptide may be involved in promoting the drinking of ethanol, consistent with our recent findings that PVN injections of ENK analogs stimulate ethanol intake. To broaden our understanding of how this peptide functions throughout the brain to promote ethanol intake, we measured, in rats trained to drink 9% ethanol, the expression of the ENK gene in additional brain areas outside the hypothalamus, namely, the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) and core (NAcC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). METHODS In the first experiment, the brains of rats chronically drinking 1 g/kg/d ethanol, 3 g/kg/d ethanol, or water were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In the second experiment, a more detailed, anatomic analysis of changes in gene expression, in rats chronically drinking 3 g/kg/d ethanol compared to water, was performed using radiolabeled in situ hybridization (ISH). The third experiment employed digoxigenin-labeled ISH (DIG) to examine changes in the density of cells expressing ENK and, for comparison, dynorphin (DYN) in rats chronically drinking 3 g/kg/d ethanol versus water. RESULTS With qRT-PCR, the rats chronically drinking ethanol plus water compared to water alone showed significantly higher levels of ENK mRNA, not only in the PVN but also in the VTA, NAcSh, NAcC, and mPFC, although not in the CeA. Using radiolabeled ISH, levels of ENK mRNA in rats drinking ethanol were found to be elevated in all areas examined, including the CeA. The experiment using DIG confirmed this effect of ethanol, showing an increase in density of ENK-expressing cells in all areas studied. It additionally revealed a similar change in DYN mRNA in the PVN, mPFC, and CeA, although not in the NAcSh or NAcC. CONCLUSIONS While distinguishing the NAc as a site where ENK and DYN respond differentially, these findings lead us to propose that these opioids, in response to voluntary ethanol consumption, are generally elevated in extra-hypothalamic as well as hypothalamic areas, possibly to carry out specific area-related functions that, in turn, drive animals to further consume ethanol. These functions include calorie ingestion in the PVN, reward and motivation in the VTA and NAcSh, response-reinforcement learning in the NAcC, stress reduction in the CeA, and behavioral control in the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Chang
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Orbach DN, Veselka N, Dzal Y, Lazure L, Fenton MB. Drinking and flying: does alcohol consumption affect the flight and echolocation performance of phyllostomid bats? PLoS One 2010; 5:e8993. [PMID: 20126552 PMCID: PMC2813879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the wild, frugivorous and nectarivorous bats often eat fermenting fruits and nectar, and thus may consume levels of ethanol that could induce inebriation. To understand if consumption of ethanol by bats alters their access to food and general survival requires examination of behavioural responses to its ingestion, as well as assessment of interspecific variation in those responses. We predicted that bats fed ethanol would show impaired flight and echolocation behaviour compared to bats fed control sugar water, and that there would be behavioural differences among species. Methodology/Principal Findings We fed wild caught Artibeus jamaicensis, A. lituratus, A. phaeotis, Carollia sowelli, Glossophaga soricina, and Sturnira lilium (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) sugar water (44 g of table sugar in 500 ml of water) or sugar water with ethanol before challenging them to fly through an obstacle course while we simultaneously recorded their echolocation calls. We used bat saliva, a non-invasive proxy, to measure blood ethanol concentrations ranging from 0 to >0.3% immediately before flight trials. Flight performance and echolocation behaviour were not significantly affected by consumption of ethanol, but species differed in their blood alcohol concentrations after consuming it. Conclusions/Significance The bats we studied display a tolerance for ethanol that could have ramifications for the adaptive radiation of frugivorous and nectarivorous bats by allowing them to use ephemeral food resources over a wide span of time. By sampling across phyllostomid genera, we show that patterns of apparent ethanol tolerance in New World bats are broad, and thus may have been an important early step in the evolution of frugivory and nectarivory in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara N. Orbach
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nina Veselka
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne Dzal
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Louis Lazure
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Brock Fenton
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Alcohol, appetite and energy balance: is alcohol intake a risk factor for obesity? Physiol Behav 2010; 100:82-9. [PMID: 20096714 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increased recognition that the worldwide increase in incidence of obesity is due to a positive energy balance has lead to a focus on lifestyle choices that may contribute to excess energy intake, including the widespread belief that alcohol intake is a significant risk factor for development of obesity. This brief review examines this issue by contrasting short-term laboratory-based studies of the effects of alcohol on appetite and energy balance and longer-term epidemiological data exploring the relationship between alcohol intake and body weight. Current research clearly shows that energy consumed as alcohol is additive to that from other dietary sources, leading to short-term passive over-consumption of energy when alcohol is consumed. Indeed, alcohol consumed before or with meals tends to increase food intake, probably through enhancing the short-term rewarding effects of food. However, while these data might suggest that alcohol is a risk factor for obesity, epidemiological data suggests that moderate alcohol intake may protect against obesity, particularly in women. In contrast, higher intakes of alcohol in the absence of alcohol dependence may increase the risk of obesity, as may binge-drinking, however these effects may be secondary to personality and habitual beverage preferences.
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Lytle LA. Examining the etiology of childhood obesity: The IDEA study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2009; 44:338-49. [PMID: 19838791 PMCID: PMC2819263 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-009-9269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is of great public health concern. A social ecological framework that is transdisciplinary and multilevel by nature is recognized as the most promising approach for studying this problem. The purpose of this paper is to describe longitudinal research using a social ecological framework to study the etiology of childhood obesity. Individual and contextual factors are assessed in a cohort of youth and their parents including psychosocial factors, and home, school and neighborhood environments. The conceptual model guiding the research and the study design and measures used to operationalize the factors in the model and the descriptive characteristics of the baseline sample of youth and parents enrolled in the research are presented. The use of a conceptual model to guide the research, a transdisciplinary approach, a longitudinal cohort design and state-of-the-art measures of the individual and the environment are strengths of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Lytle
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1054, USA.
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Roskam AJR, Kunst AE, Van Oyen H, Demarest S, Klumbiene J, Regidor E, Helmert U, Jusot F, Dzurova D, Mackenbach JP. Comparative appraisal of educational inequalities in overweight and obesity among adults in 19 European countries. Int J Epidemiol 2009; 39:392-404. [PMID: 19926664 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Western societies, a lower educational level is often associated with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. However, there may be important international differences in the strength and direction of this relationship, perhaps in respect of differing levels of socio-economic development. We aimed to describe educational inequalities in overweight and obesity across Europe, and to explore the contribution of level of socio-economic development to cross-national differences in educational inequalities in overweight and obese adults in Europe. METHODS Cross-sectional data, based on self-reports, were derived from national health interview surveys from 19 European countries (N = 127 018; age range = 25-44 years). Height and weight data were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Multivariate regression analysis was employed to measure educational inequalities in overweight and obesity, based on BMI. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was used as a measure of level of socio-economic development. RESULTS Inverse educational gradients in overweight and obesity (i.e. higher education, less overweight and obesity) are a generalized phenomenon among European men and even more so among women. Baltic and eastern European men were the exceptions, with weak positive associations between education and overweight and obesity. Educational inequalities in overweight and obesity were largest in Mediterranean women. A 10 000-euro increase in GDP was related to a 3% increase in overweight and obesity for low-educated men, but a 4% decrease for high-educated men. No associations with GDP were observed for women. CONCLUSION In most European countries, people of lower educational attainment are now most likely to be overweight or obese. An increasing level of socio-economic development was associated with an emergence of inequalities among men, and a persistence of these inequalities among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert-Jan R Roskam
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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