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Pan Q, Chen C, Yang YJ. Top Five Stories of the Cellular Landscape and Therapies of Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:1-27. [PMID: 38057537 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by impairment and apoptosis of endothelial cells, continuous systemic and focal inflammation and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is documented as the traditional cellular paradigm. However, the mechanisms appear much more complicated than we thought since a bulk of studies on efferocytosis, transdifferentiation and novel cell death forms such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and extracellular trap were reported. Discovery of novel pathological cellular landscapes provides a large number of therapeutic targets. On the other side, the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of current treatment with lipid-lowering drugs as the cornerstone also restricts the efforts to reduce global AS burden. Stem cell- or nanoparticle-based strategies spurred a lot of attention due to the attractive therapeutic effects and minimized adverse effects. Given the complexity of pathological changes of AS, attempts to develop an almighty medicine based on single mechanisms could be theoretically challenging. In this review, the top stories in the cellular landscapes during the initiation and progression of AS and the therapies were summarized in an integrated perspective to facilitate efforts to develop a multi-targets strategy and fill the gap between mechanism research and clinical translation. The future challenges and improvements were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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2
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Majewski M, Gromadziński L, Cholewińska E, Ognik K, Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J. The Interaction of Dietary Pectin, Inulin, and Psyllium with Copper Nanoparticle Induced Changes to the Cardiovascular System. Nutrients 2023; 15:3557. [PMID: 37630746 PMCID: PMC10457830 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze how supplementation with a standard (recommended, 6.5 mg/kg) or enhanced (two-times higher, 13 mg/kg) dose of copper (Cu), in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) along with dietary intervention via the implementation of diverse types of fiber, affects the cardiovascular system in rats. Nine-week-old male Wistar Han rats (n/group = 10) received, for an additional 6 weeks, a controlled diet with cellulose as dietary fiber and ionic Cu (in the form of carbonate salt). The experimental groups received cellulose, pectin, inulin, and psyllium as dietary fiber, together with CuNPs (6.5 or 13 mg/kg diet). After the experimental feeding, samples of blood, hearts, and thoracic arteries were collected for further analysis. Compared to pectin, and under a standard dose of CuNPs, inulin and psyllium beneficially increased the antioxidant capacity of lipid- and water-soluble compounds in the blood, and decreased heart malondialdehyde. Moreover, pectin decreased heart catalase (CAT) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the aortic rings compared to inulin and psyllium under standard and enhanced doses of copper. When the dose of CuNPs was enhanced, inulin and psyllium potentiated vasodilation to acetylcholine by up-regulation of COX-2-derived vasodilator prostanoids compared to both cellulose and pectin, and this was modulated with selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor for psyllium only. Moreover, inulin decreased heart CAT compared to psyllium. Our results suggest that supplementation with dietary fiber may protect the vascular system against potentially harmful metal NPs by modulating the antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Majewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Leszek Gromadziński
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Cholewińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.C.); (K.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (E.C.); (K.O.)
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
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3
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Chen X, Cai Q, Liang R, Zhang D, Liu X, Zhang M, Xiong Y, Xu M, Liu Q, Li P, Yu P, Shi A. Copper homeostasis and copper-induced cell death in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and therapeutic strategies. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:105. [PMID: 36774340 PMCID: PMC9922317 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a vital mineral, and an optimal amount of copper is required to support normal physiologic processes in various systems, including the cardiovascular system. Over the past few decades, copper-induced cell death, named cuproptosis, has become increasingly recognized as an important process mediating the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of cuproptosis in CVD may be useful for improving CVD management. Here, we review the relationship between copper homeostasis and cuproptosis-related pathways in CVD, as well as therapeutic strategies addressing copper-induced cell death in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruikai Liang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Wafic Said Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pengyang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Peng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ao Shi
- Faculty of Medicine, St. George University of London, London, UK.
- University of Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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4
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The contemporaneous epidemic of chronic, copper deficiency. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e89. [PMID: 36304823 PMCID: PMC9554529 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical deficiency diseases have nearly disappeared from the industrialised world and are thought to be found largely in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. More than 80 collected medical articles, mostly from Europe and North America, describe more than 9000 people with low concentrations of copper in organs or tissues or impaired metabolic pathways dependent on copper. More than a dozen articles reveal improved anatomy, chemistry or physiology in more than 1000 patients from supplements containing copper. These criteria are diagnostic of deficiency according to The Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Alzheimer's disease, ischaemic heart disease and osteoporosis receive major emphasis here. However, impaired vision, myelodysplastic syndrome and peripheral neuropathy are mentioned. Copper deficiency probably causes some common, contemporaneous diseases. Advice is provided about opportunities for research. Seemingly authoritative statements concerning the rarity of nutritional deficiency in developed countries are wrong.
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Liu Y, Miao J. An Emerging Role of Defective Copper Metabolism in Heart Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030700. [PMID: 35277059 PMCID: PMC8838622 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace metal element that significantly affects human physiology and pathology by regulating various important biological processes, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, iron mobilization, connective tissue crosslinking, antioxidant defense, melanin synthesis, blood clotting, and neuron peptide maturation. Increasing lines of evidence obtained from studies of cell culture, animals, and human genetics have demonstrated that dysregulation of copper metabolism causes heart disease, which is the leading cause of mortality in the US. Defects of copper homeostasis caused by perturbed regulation of copper chaperones or copper transporters or by copper deficiency resulted in various types of heart disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus cardiomyopathy. This review aims to provide a timely summary of the effects of defective copper homeostasis on heart disease and discuss potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chung HY, Lee MK, Kim W, Choi MK, Kim SH, Kim E, Kim MH, Ha JH, Lee H, Bae YJ, Kwun IS. Issues pertaining to Mg, Zn and Cu in the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:S113-S125. [PMID: 35651833 PMCID: PMC9127514 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.s1.s113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Yun Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Soongeui Women’s College, Seoul 04628, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Wookyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Se-Hong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Korea
| | - Eunmee Kim
- Department of Dietetics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hongmie Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daejin University, Pocehon 11159, Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Bae
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
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Wang S, Wang N, Pan D, Zhang H, Sun G. Effects of Copper Supplementation on Blood Lipid Level: a Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis on Randomized Clinical Trials. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2851-2857. [PMID: 33030656 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies have evaluated the effect of copper (Cu) supplementation on blood lipid level. We therefore investigated whether the supplement of Cu on blood lipid level will have an impact in a meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (from database to January 2020). Randomized controlled trials of Cu supplementation on blood lipid level were retrieved according to the requirements of systematic review, and the quality of the included research was evaluated. Then the meta-analysis was performed. Data from 5 trials representing 176 participants were examined. Pooled mean net change in total cholesterol (TC) (standard mean difference(SMD) [95% CI] = - 0.05 [- 0.52, 0.43]), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD [95% CI] = 0.22 [- 0.46, 0.89]), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD [95% CI] = 0.18 [- 0.14, 0.49]) for those treated with Cu supplementation had no significant difference when compared with control. Cu supplementation has not affected blood lipids in the result of meta-analysis. More research is needed to determine if this pattern will apply broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Niannian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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8
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Ma X, Jiang S, Yan S, Li M, Wang C, Pan Y, Sun C, Jin L, Yao Y, Li B. Association Between Copper, Zinc, Iron, and Selenium Intakes and TC/HDL-C Ratio in US Adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:43-51. [PMID: 31745720 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The trace minerals zinc, copper, iron, and selenium are essential micronutrients, and because of their antioxidant activity, they are hypothesized to improve cardiovascular health. However, their associations with different risk levels for cardiovascular diseases are less clear. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014 were used. In this study, the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) was used as a risk marker for cardiovascular disease, and a ratio ≥ 5 was considered to indicate high risk. A total of 7597 adults (3673 men and 3924 women) were included, and 15.9% of the participants had a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Using quantile regression analysis, we found the negative correlation between zinc, copper, iron, and selenium intakes and TC/HDL-C. The effects of copper and zinc were enhanced with increasing quantiles of risk levels. In addition, the difference in the associations of the trace minerals was sex-dependent. The correlation between iron and cardiovascular risk in males was stronger than those in females, while that of copper was weaker than that in females. Moreover, a significant nonlinear relationship between selenium and the TC/HDL-C ratio was only found in females, and this relationship was U-shaped. Our findings suggest that among healthy adults in the US, zinc, copper, iron, and selenium intakes are inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk, and the effect is enhanced with increasing quantiles of risk levels, with magnitudes differing by sex. Therefore, trace minerals may have the ability to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shoumeng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Changcong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yingan Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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de Souza RGM, Gomes AC, Navarro AM, Cunha LCD, Silva MAC, Junior FB, Mota JF. Baru Almonds Increase the Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1750. [PMID: 31366053 PMCID: PMC6723341 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-induced inflammation is frequently associated with higher oxidative stress. In vitro and experimental studies have considered baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog) as a legume seed with high antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether baru almonds are capable of improving the inflammatory and antioxidant status in overweight and obese women. METHODS In a parallel-arm, randomized placebo-controlled trial, 46 overweight and obese women (age: 40 ± 11 years; body mass index: 33.3 ± 4.3) were randomly assigned to receive advice to follow a normocaloric and isoenergetic diet with placebo (PLA, n = 22) or similar advice plus 20 g baru almonds (BARU, n = 24) for 8 wk. Malondialdehyde (MDA), adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase-CAT; glutathione peroxidase-GPx; superoxide dismutase-SOD), and minerals were analyzed in plasma samples. RESULTS At baseline, groups were similar regarding the body composition, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters. The BARU group increased the activity of GPx (+0.08 U/mg, 95%CI + 0.05 to +0.12 vs. -0.07, 95%CI -0.12 to -0.03, p < 0.01) and plasma copper concentration (p = 0.037) when compared to the PLA group. No differences were observed between groups in CAT and SOD activity or MDA and cytokines concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Baru almond supplementation increased the GPx activity in overweight and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rávila Graziany Machado de Souza
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias-UFG, Goiânia, 74605-080 GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Corado Gomes
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias-UFG, Goiânia, 74605-080 GO, Brazil
| | - Anderson Marliere Navarro
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos da Cunha
- Nucleus of Toxic-pharmacological Studies and Research (NEPET), Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, 74605-220 GO, Brazil
| | - Marina Alves Coelho Silva
- Nucleus of Toxic-pharmacological Studies and Research (NEPET), Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, 74605-220 GO, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa Junior
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-FCRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903 SP, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (LABINCE), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias-UFG, Goiânia, 74605-080 GO, Brazil.
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Palaniswamy S, Piltonen T, Koiranen M, Mazej D, Järvelin MR, Abass K, Rautio A, Sebert S. The association between blood copper concentration and biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk - analysis of 206 individuals in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 51:12-18. [PMID: 30466920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is an abundant trace element in humans where alterations in the circulating concentration could inform on chronic disease aetiology. To date, data are lacking to study how copper may associate with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in young and healthy population. Molecular evidence suggests an important role of copper in liver metabolism, an essential organ in maintaining cardiovascular health and inflammation, therefore supporting copper as an associated biomarker of the risk. OBJECTIVE We performed a cross-sectional analysis to examine the possible associations between blood copper levels and risk factors for CVD and pre-inflammatory process. DESIGN The data has been collected from a sub-sample set of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) at 31 years. PARTICIPANTS The study included 206 individuals, 116 men and 90 women. To reduce environmental individual variations affecting both copper and the metabolic profile in the study sample, the participants were selected as: i) being born in Finnish Lapland and ii) living in their birth place for the last five years preceding blood sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting blood copper concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The CVD risk factors included 6 metabolic clusters (30 cardiovascular and pro-inflammatory factors) assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to test the linear association between blood copper and 6 metabolic clusters for CVD risk. Associations were assessed under correction for multiple testing. RESULTS Copper (Cu) levels were comparable in men and women, with no difference between sexes (p-value <0.60). In multiple regression models, sex adjusted, copper was associated with 9 metabolites from 4 metabolic clusters. After adjustment with BMI, copper was associated with 4 metabolites from 3 metabolic clusters: glutamine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). After correction for multiple testing, Cu was found positively associated with only 2 biomarkers of inflammation including AGP [p = 0.04] and hs-CRP [p = 0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS Considering the strength and limitation of the study design, the present study does not support evidence for an independent role of copper on biomarkers for CVD risk. Nevertheless, we are reporting a robust association of copper with the inflammatory load that is important to consider in light with the inflammatory component of chronic health. In addition, the association of copper with metabolites may be attributable to BMI or environmental factors associated to it, and warrants further research in large population samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Palaniswamy
- Center For Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Terhi Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, P.O. Box 23, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Koiranen
- Center For Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center For Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Oulu University Hospital, Unit of Primary Care, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland; Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Khaled Abass
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Rautio
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center For Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland; Department of Genomics of Complex Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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11
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DiNicolantonio JJ, Mangan D, O'Keefe JH. Copper deficiency may be a leading cause of ischaemic heart disease. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000784. [PMID: 30364437 PMCID: PMC6196933 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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12
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Abstract
The theory, in brief outline here, implicating deficiency of Cu in the aetiology and pathophysiology of IHD explains more attributes of the disease than any other theory. This theory satisfies several of Hill's criteria of a half-century ago for deducing association between an environmental feature and presence of an illness. Most important is the temporal association between the rise of IHD and the decrease in dietary Cu since the 1930s along with a parallel increase in the supplementation of pregnant women with Fe, a Cu antagonist. There are more than eighty anatomical, chemical and physiological similarities between animals deficient in Cu and individuals with IHD. Few of these similarities have been produced by other dietary manipulations because feeding cholesterol induces Cu deficiency in animals. The most recent of these to be identified is decreased serum dehydroepiandrosterone. Some concomitant aspects of Cu metabolism and utilisation have been identified in other theories about heart disease: fetal programming, homocysteine, and Fe overload.
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Babić Ž, Tariba B, Kovačić J, Pizent A, Varnai VM, Macan J. Relevance of serum copper elevation induced by oral contraceptives: a meta-analysis. Contraception 2013; 87:790-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mark AB, Kápolna E, Laursen KH, Halekoh U, Rasmussen SK, Husted S, Larsen EH, Bügel S. Consumption of organic diets does not affect intake and absorption of zinc and copper in men – evidence from two cross-over trials. Food Funct 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Copper has been known to be essential for health for more than three quarters of a century. Myriad experiments with animals reveal that the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and nervous systems are most sensitive to deficiency. Copper in the Western diet has been decreasing at least since the 1930s; half of the adult population consumes less than the amount recommended in the European Communities and the United Kingdom. At least one fourth of adults consume less than the estimated average requirement published for the United States and Canada. Hundreds of people have been reported in journals about medicine and neurology rather than nutrition to have impaired copper nutriture based on the criteria of low copper concentrations and low activities of enzymes dependent on copper in various fluids and tissues. In contrast, only 46 people have participated in depletion/repletion experiments needed to define requirements. Almost 1000 people have benefited from supplements containing copper in controlled trials. People deficient in copper are being identified increasingly; it is unknown if unusually high requirements or unusually low diets are causal. Alzheimer's disease, ischemic heart disease and osteoporosis are the most likely human illnesses from low copper intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Klevay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58201, United States.
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Taneja SK, Mandal R. Antihypertensive effect of Cu and Mg enriched modified poultry eggPsi on Zn-induced hypertension in Wistar rat. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2010; 24:185-92. [PMID: 20569932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PROJECT Excessive bioavailability of Zn either due to genetic predisposition or its high concentration in diet has been linked to increase in the prevalence of hypertension (HT) implicating the resultant deficiencies of Cu and Mg as its cause in some populations. To combat their nutritional deficiencies, a modified poultry egg (ME(Psi)) was designed containing higher amounts of Cu, Mg and other antioxidants (vitamin E and linolenic acid) in their optimized concentrations. Prior to its human clinical trials, its efficacy was tested in Zn induced HT Wistar rat model in the present study. PROCEDURE In one set, the rats were fed on equicaloric semi-synthetic basal diet containing 20 mg Zn/kg diet (control diet-I, control group-I), Zn-induced-hypertensive-diets-II and III (Zn-HT-diet-II and Zn-HT-diet-III) containing 40 and 80 mg Zn/kg diet (groups-II and III) for 180 days. In another set, the rats were initially fed Zn-HT-diet-II and Zn-HT-diet-III for 90 days and then shifted to ME(Psi) mixed Zn-HT-diet-II and III designated as groups-IIME and IIIME fed for another 90 days completing 180 days of feeding. RESULTS The results revealed that increase in systolic pressure (SP) and heart rates (HR) were Zn concentration dependent and coincided well with higher serum Zn, Cu, Mg, aldosterone, cortisol, dyslipidemia and higher Zn, and low Cu and Mg concentrations in liver of groups-II and III rats. On feeding ME(Psi) mixed diets, a significant reduction in SP and HR were linked with decrease in serum Zn, Cu, Mg, aldosterone, cortisol and blood lipid profile along with fall in Zn and rise in Cu and Mg concentrations in liver of groups-IIME and IIIME approaching closer to control group-I. CONCLUSION This study makes the basis for human clinical trials of ME(Psi) on HT patients who exhibit high Zn, Cu and Mg in their blood serum.
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Harvey LJ, Ashton K, Hooper L, Casgrain A, Fairweather-Tait SJ. Methods of assessment of copper status in humans: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:2009S-2024S. [PMID: 19420093 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of dietary adequacy of copper is constrained by the absence of recognized copper status biomarkers. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to systematically review the usefulness of copper status biomarkers and identify those that reflected changes in status over > or =4 wk. DESIGN The methods included a structured search on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cochrane databases to October 2007, followed by the use of formal inclusion/exclusion criteria, data extraction, validity assessment, and meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 16 studies (288 participants) were included in the review, with data on 16 possible copper biomarkers. All of the included studies were small and at high risk of bias. Data for serum copper suggested its value as a biomarker, reflecting changes in status in both depleted and replete individuals, although these changes were smaller in the latter. Total ceruloplasmin protein is related to copper status but reflects changes in highly depleted individuals only. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and urinary deoxypyridinoline are not useful biomarkers, but there were insufficient data to draw firm conclusions about plasma, erythrocyte, and platelet copper; leukocyte superoxide dismutase; erythrocyte, platelet, and plasma glutathione peroxidase; platelet and leukocyte cytochrome-c oxidase; total glutathione; diamine oxidase; and urinary pyridinoline. The paucity of data prevented detailed subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited data, serum copper appears to be a useful biomarker of copper status at the population level. Further large studies with low risk of bias are needed to explore the effectiveness of other biomarkers of copper status and the relation between biomarker responsiveness, dose, and period of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Harvey
- School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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Kawada E, Moridaira K, Sato H, Ukita T, Itoh K, Tatsumi T, Kogure T, Tamura J, Sakamoto H. [Effects of copper supplementation on lipid profiles in elderly patients with copper deficiency]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2007; 44:375-9. [PMID: 17575443 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.44.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of copper supplementation on lipid profiles in elderly patients with copper deficiency. METHODS Nine long-term bed-ridden, patients (5 men and 4 women, mean age 83.3+/-8.7 years old) with severe copper deficiency, who had a serum copper of 15 microg/dL or less (normal range 70-140 microg/dL), had their diets supplemented with copper sulfate (3 mg/day) over 12 weeks in addition to their diet of only one kind of enteral food with a low concentration of copper. Copper, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), c-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine (Cr), zinc (Zn) and albumin (Alb) in the serum were measured before, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after copper supplementation. RESULTS Serum copper and ceruloplasmin were significantly increased at 4 weeks after copper supplementation. TG was significantly increased at 4 weeks after copper supplementation, but at 12 weeks the increase of TG was not significant. TC, HDL-C, CRP, Cr, Zn and Alb were not changed by copper supplementation. CONCLUSION TG was transiently increased by copper supplementation in elderly patients with copper deficiency. TC and HDL-C were not changed by copper supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Kawada
- Department of General Medicine, Gunma University Hospital
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Nieboer E, Thomassen Y, Romanova N, Nikonov A, Odland JØ, Chaschin V. Multi-component assessment of worker exposures in a copper refinery : Part 2. Biological exposure indices for copper, nickel and cobalt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:695-700. [PMID: 17607390 DOI: 10.1039/b618400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urinary copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) concentrations were determined for 127 Cu refinery workers (40 females, 87 males), with values of the 95% upper confidence interval of the geometric mean in nmol per mmol creatinine of 89 (Ni), 42 (Cu) and 3.4 (Co) for electrorefinery workers. In the pyrometallurgical departments, the corresponding concentrations were 37 (Ni), 99 (Cu) and 11 (Co). Female workers had higher Co urinary concentrations than males (p< or = 0.05) while no gender difference was observed for Cu and Ni. Inter-elemental correlations were moderate to weak. Based on the inhalable aerosol levels reported previously for the same workers, the observed urinary Cu concentrations were considerably lower than expected, relative to Co and Ni. This is interpreted in terms of the current understanding of Cu homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Nieboer
- Department of Biochemistry and Occupational Health Program, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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