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The Influence of Increased Dairy Product Consumption, as Part of a Lifestyle Modification Intervention, on Diet Quality and Eating Patterns in Female Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9111703. [PMID: 36360431 PMCID: PMC9688836 DOI: 10.3390/children9111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Our study examined how increased dairy consumption versus habitually low dairy consumption, against a background of healthy eating (and exercise), influenced diet quality, nutrient intake, and snacking in Canadian female adolescents (14.8 ± 2.2 years) with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). We also explored dairy consumption patterns in the group consuming dairy products. Participants were randomized into two groups: higher/recommended dairy (RDa; 4 svg/d; n = 24) or low dairy (LDa; 0−2 svg/d; n = 23). Both groups participated in a 12-week, eucaloric, lifestyle modification intervention consisting of exercise training and nutritional counseling. The intervention increased the total Canadian Healthy Eating Index score (p < 0.001) with no differences between groups. The “other food” sub-score improved more in RDa than LDa (p = 0.02), and the “saturated fat” sub-score increased more in LDa than RDa (p = 0.02). The intervention significantly increased the consumption of dairy-related nutrients more in RDa than LDa (p < 0.05). The intervention also decreased snack size in both groups (p = 0.01) and improved percentage of healthy snack energy intake more in RDa than LDa (p = 0.04). More servings of dairy products were consumed as snacks than at breakfast, lunch, or dinner (p < 0.05). Thus, our study improved diet quality, and dairy product consumption improved intakes of key related nutrients and snack consumption in adolescents with OW/OB.
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Consumption of Milk and alternatives decreased among Canadians from 2004 to 2015: evidence from the Canadian community health surveys. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:63. [PMID: 34719398 PMCID: PMC8559356 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Milk and milk products make important contributions to the diet of Canadians. The aim of this study was to examine trends in Milk & Alternatives consumption among Canadians (≥2 years) from 2004 to 2015. Methods We used nutrition data from 2 nationally representative cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2004 and 2015 [Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2004 Cycle 2.2 and CCHS-Nutrition 2015] to compare Milk & Alternatives consumption between 2004 and 2015. Data from 24-h dietary recalls were collected using the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM). Result From 2004 to 2015, the proportion of Canadians consuming Milk & Alternatives food group significantly decreased from 89.5 to 87.7% and the number of servings consumed per day dropped from 1.9 to 1.7. Despite their low energy contribution (12.3% of energy), Milk & Alternatives contributed 45.8% of calcium, 39.9% of vitamin D, and 36.0% of vitamin B12 to the diet of the Canadian population in 2015. Milk & Alternatives were among the top sources of vitamin A, phosphorus and riboflavin. Milk & Alternatives food group was a major contributor to saturated fat intake in both 2004 (31.2%) and 2015 (28.6%). In 2015, dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D among Milk & Alternatives consumers were 137.8, and 59.4% higher, respectively, than those of non-consumers. Conclusion Daily intake of Milk & Alternatives has decreased in the Canadian population over time, which may adversely affect the nutritional profile of the diet.
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Nejadsadeghi E, Sadeghi R, Shojaeizadeh D, Yekaninejad MS, Djazayeri A, Majlesi F. Influence of lifestyle factors on Body Mass Index in preschoolers in Behbahan city, southwest Iran, 2016. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6725-6732. [PMID: 29881537 PMCID: PMC5984029 DOI: 10.19082/6725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The body mass index (BMI) of Iranian preschoolers is noticeably increasing. Thus, studying the factors influencing BMI in preschool children is crucial. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of lifestyle factors on BMI of preschool children, residing in Behbahan city, southwest Iran, in 2016. Methods A total of 120 preschool children, aged 4 to 6 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Multi-stage random sampling was done. Using researcher-developed questionnaires whose validity and reliability was confirmed, demographic and lifestyle data were obtained, as the questionnaires were completed by the subject's mothers. Lifestyle factors included physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, sugar-free beverage intake, and screen time. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to analyze the influence of lifestyle-related behaviors on BMI. Data were analyzed by means of the SPSS 22 software and p<0.05 was resulted as the meaningful level of statistics. Results The average BMI values for children was 15.13±1.90 kg/m2. A total of 88.3% of children did not receive 5 cups of fruits and vegetables each day. Also, 12.5% consumed more than one serving of sweetened beverages per day. Only 2.5% engaged in 60 minutes of structured physical activity every day and 40% did not limit screen-time viewing to 2 hours per day or less. The findings indicated that the physical activity and screen time affected the BMI (p<0.05), and the duration of physical activity had inverse relationship with obesity, and screen time was directly related to obesity. Conclusion Understanding the factors affecting the BMI of preschool children can inform the development of interventions to impact children's weight-related behavior and it can be used as the basis for future healthy body weight policies. Efforts to lower the obesity rate of preschoolers should be focused on the lifestyle behaviors, especially on the physical activity and screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Nejadsadeghi
- Ph.D. Student of Health Education and Promotion, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sadeghi
- Ph.D. of Health Education and Promotion, Associate Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Shojaeizadeh
- Ph.D. of Health Education and Promotion, Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Ph.D. of Biostatistics, Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics and epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayeri
- Ph.D. of Nutrition, Professor, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Majlesi
- Ph.D. of Maternal and Child Health, Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Llargués E, Recasens MA, Manresa JM, Jensen BB, Franco R, Nadal A, Vila M, Recasens I, Pérez MJ, Castell C. Four-year outcomes of an educational intervention in healthy habits in schoolchildren: the Avall 3 Trial. Eur J Public Health 2017; 27:42-47. [PMID: 28177448 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosa Franco
- Public Health Department, Granollers City Council, Granollers, Spain
| | - Anna Nadal
- Public Health Department, Granollers City Council, Granollers, Spain
| | - Maria Vila
- Internal Medicine Department, Granollers General Hospital, Granollers, Spain
| | - Isabel Recasens
- Primary Health Subdivision (PHS) Granollers-Mollet, Catalan Institute of Health, Granollers, Spain
| | - M José Pérez
- Primary Health Subdivision (PHS) Granollers-Mollet, Catalan Institute of Health, Granollers, Spain
| | - Conxa Castell
- Public Health Agency, Department of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Arechavala T, Continente X, Pérez-Giménez A, Bartoll X, Sànchez-Martínez F, López MJ. Food consumption frequency and excess body weight in adolescents in the context of financial crisis in Barcelona (Spain). GACETA SANITARIA 2016; 30:457-463. [PMID: 27173088 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe food consumption frequency in adolescents in the context of the financial crisis in 2012, and to analyse potential fluctuations in excess body weight between 2008 and 2012. METHOD A cross-sectional study of eating habits and excess body weight was conducted in adolescents aged 13 to 19 years old from public, subsidised and private secondary schools in Barcelona, Spain. The FRESC lifestyle risk factors survey was used, and food frequency consumption, food recommendations and body mass index were analysed according to gender, year of education and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Girls ate vegetables and fruits more frequently than boys, while the prevalence of junk food consumption was higher in boys. The prevalence of compliance with food recommendations was lower than 50% for all foods, and gender and socioeconomic differences were found for eggs, red meat and soft drinks. Regarding excess body weight, boys had a higher prevalence than girls in the 2 years analysed. Furthermore, a reduction in excess body weight was observed among girls in secondary education in the highest socioeconomic groups (28.7% [95% CI: 24.8-32.6%] in 2008 to 20.5% [95% CI: 17.1-23.8%] in 2012). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of adolescents following food recommendations is low, and gender differences were found in terms of food consumption frequency, even in the context of financial crisis. There is a need to promote programmes and policies to reduce inequalities related to eating habits and excess body weight in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Continente
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Pérez-Giménez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bartoll
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Sànchez-Martínez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Anzid K, Baali A, Vimard P, Levy-Desroches S, Cherkaoui M, López PM. Inadequacy of vitamins and minerals among high-school pupils in Ouarzazate, Morocco. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1786-95. [PMID: 23953955 PMCID: PMC10282389 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess micronutrient intakes and the prevalence of inadequacy in a sample of high-school pupils in Ouarzazate, Morocco. DESIGN Food records were compiled over three non-consecutive days by pre-trained pupils. Micronutrient intakes were estimated using the DIAL software, adapted to include foods commonly eaten in Morocco. The prevalence of inadequacy was estimated by the proportion of individuals with intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamins B12, A and K, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, ascorbic acid, iodine, Ca, Mg and P; below the Adequate Intake (AI) level for pantothenic acid, biotin, Na and K; and using the probability approach for Fe. Data were adjusted for intra-individual variation with exclusion of under-reporters. SETTING Ouarzazate, a semi-urban region situated on the southern slopes of the High Atlas with little industrial development but an important tourism sector. SUBJECTS A self-selected sample of 312 pupils aged 15-19 years from the five public high schools. After exclusion of under-reporters, 293 remained for analysis. RESULTS The highest proportions of below-EAR/AI intakes were seen for pantothenic acid (girls 85·1 %, boys 78·0 %), biotin (boys 83·1 %, girls 79·4 %), thiamin (boys 66·9 %), folate (girls 93·1 %, boys 74·6 %), iodine (boys 94·9 %, girls 88·0 %) and Ca (girls 83·4 %, boys 74·6 %). Na intake was generally in excess whereas K intake was below the AI level. In general, girls had better-quality diets than boys, who appeared to consume more 'empty calories'. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in this population of Moroccan adolescents, nutritional intervention and educational strategies are needed to promote healthy eating habits and correct micronutrient inadequacies. To provide reliable and precise estimates of nutrient intakes, an update of Moroccan food composition databases is urgently needed. We recommend that national authorities address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Anzid
- 1Department of Biology,Laboratory of Human Ecology,Cadi Ayyad University,Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,Bvd Prince My Abdellah,BP 2390,40000 Marrakesh,Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Baali
- 1Department of Biology,Laboratory of Human Ecology,Cadi Ayyad University,Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,Bvd Prince My Abdellah,BP 2390,40000 Marrakesh,Morocco
| | - Patrice Vimard
- 2Population-Environment-Development Laboratory,University of Provence,Marseille,France
| | | | - Mohamed Cherkaoui
- 1Department of Biology,Laboratory of Human Ecology,Cadi Ayyad University,Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,Bvd Prince My Abdellah,BP 2390,40000 Marrakesh,Morocco
| | - Pilar Montero López
- 4Unidad de Antropología,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain
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Dror DK, Allen LH. Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutritional contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes. Nutr Rev 2013; 72:68-81. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daphna K Dror
- Allen Laboratory; US Department of Agriculure, Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center; Davis California USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Allen Laboratory; US Department of Agriculure, Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center; Davis California USA
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Txakartegi Etxebarria X, López Mateo M, Aurrekoetxea JJ. [Obesity and overweight. An assessment of the effectiveness of a public health intervention]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2013; 80:379-86. [PMID: 24139561 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of excess weight (obesity and overweight) is increasing in developed countries, with preventive measures not shown to be sufficiently effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the sustained prevention and treatment by Primary Care Paediatrics of overweight from early childhood. MATERIAL AND METHODS The BMI of 1669 patients from two Paediatric Teams, were compared using four different age intervals between 4 and 14 years during 2007-2009. One of the teams had spent 15 years carrying out a systematic strategy aimed at the prevention and monitoring of overweight. RESULTS The BMI means in this study were higher than those shown in the 1988 Orbegozo tables, particularly in older ages and in males. The prevalence of overweight was lower in the population with the systematic intervention team, and this was significant at the end of the paediatric age, 14 years (P=.043). CONCLUSIONS The overweight problem is so great that the measures aimed at their prevention are clearly beyond the scope of health professionals. However, interventions by health professionals can be effective in maintaining a healthy weight, if they are carried out on an ongoing basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Txakartegi Etxebarria
- Unidad de Atención Primaria de Gernika-Lumo, Osakidetza, Servicio Vasco de Salud, Gernika-Lumo, Vizcaya, España.
| | - M López Mateo
- Unidad de Atención Primaria de Bermeo, Osakidetza, Servicio Vasco de Salud, Bermeo, Vizcaya, España
| | - J J Aurrekoetxea
- Delegación de Salud, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España; Universidad del País Vasco, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), \San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España; Biodonostia Health Research Institute , San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
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Ortiz-Espejo M, Pérez-Navero JL, Muñoz-Villanueva MC, Mercedes GC. Nutritional assessment in neonatal and prepubertal children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction. Early Hum Dev 2013; 89:763-8. [PMID: 23827379 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional deficit during perinatal stage may induce significant alterations in adipose tissue and increase the risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR). AIMS To describe the nutritional status in neonatal and prepubertal with a history of EUGR and establish an association between EUGR and later conditions. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive, analytical, observational case-control study. SUBJECTS The study included a sample of 38 prepubertal children with a history of EUGR, and 123 gender-and-age matched controls. OUTCOME MEASURES The EUGR group was asked to answer a food frequency questionnaire. Analysis of body composition in both groups included anthropometric measurements, assessment of blood pressure and biochemical markers. RESULTS Newborns with EUGR received parenteral feeding with a standard nutritional regime and long-chain fatty acid support for 41 ± 23 days; enteral feeding with a special formula for premature infants was initiated at 7 ± 11 days of life. At the prepubertal stage, daily fiber and fatty acid intake in children who had experienced EUGR in the neonatal stage was below the recommended intake. In the EUGR group, the intake of vegetables, fruits and olive oil was below dietary recommendations, while the intake of butchery, fatty meats, pastries and snacks was above the recommendations for the Spanish population. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate nutrition education strategies should be developed for children with a history of EUGR to prevent later associated pathologies, as neonatal nutritional support and feeding during childhood are associated with an increase in diseases in this risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ortiz-Espejo
- Unit of Metabolism and Pediatric Investigation, Department of Pediatrics, University Reina Sofia Hospital, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Perez-Rodriguez M, Melendez G, Nieto C, Aranda M, Pfeffer F. Dietary and physical activity/inactivity factors associated with obesity in school-aged children. Adv Nutr 2012; 3:622S-628S. [PMID: 22798003 PMCID: PMC3649736 DOI: 10.3945/an.112.001974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and physical activity (PA) are essential components of nutritional status. Adequate nutrition and an active lifestyle are key factors during childhood, because food habits track into adulthood. Children spend more time in school than in any other environment away from home. Studying the diet factors and patterns of PA that affect obesity risk in children during school hours and the complete school day can help identify opportunities to lower this risk. We directly measured the time children spent performing moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) at school, compared the amount and intensity of PA during school hours with after-school hours, and tried to determine if diet behaviors and PA or inactivity were associated with excess weight and body fat. This cross-sectional study included 143 normal-weight (NLW) and 48 obese children aged 8-10 y. Diet data were obtained from two 24-h recalls. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance. Screen time and sports participation data were self-reported. NLW children drank/ate more dairy servings than the obese children, who consumed more fruit-flavored water than the NLW group. Consumption of soft drinks, sugar-added juices, and fresh juices was low in both groups. Children were less active during school hours than after school. MVPA was lower during school hours in the obese group than in the NLW group. Schools, parents, and authorities should be more involved in promoting strategies to improve the dietary habits and PA levels of school-aged children, because this group is not achieving the recommended level of daily MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillermo Melendez
- Fondo Nestlé para la Nutrición, Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico; and
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Effect of Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) and Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on some Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Restructured Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Products. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Food intake of European adolescents in the light of different food-based dietary guidelines: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study. Public Health Nutr 2011; 15:386-98. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011001935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveSince inadequate food consumption patterns during adolescence are not only linked with the occurrence of obesity in youth but also with the subsequent risk of developing diseases in adulthood, the establishment and maintenance of a healthy diet early in life is of great public health importance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe and evaluate the food consumption of a well-characterized sample of European adolescents against food-based dietary guidelines for the first time.DesignThe HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study is a cross-sectional study, whose main objective was to obtain comparable data on a variety of nutritional and health-related parameters in adolescents aged 12·5–17·5 years.SettingTen cities in Europe.SubjectsThe initial sample consisted of more than 3000 European adolescents. Among these, 1593 adolescents (54 % female) had sufficient and plausible dietary data on energy and food intakes from two 24 h recalls using the HELENA-DIAT software.ResultsFood intake of adolescents in Europe is not optimal compared with the two food-based dietary guidelines, Optimized Mixed Diet and Food Guide Pyramid, examined in this study. Adolescents eat half of the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables and less than two-thirds of the recommended amount of milk (and milk products), but consume much more meat (and meat products), fats and sweets than recommended. However, median total energy intake may be estimated to be nearly in line with the recommendations.ConclusionThe results urge the need to improve the dietary habits of adolescents in order to maintain health in later life.
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Toral N, Conti MA, Slater B. A alimentação saudável na ótica dos adolescentes: percepções e barreiras à sua implementação e características esperadas em materiais educativos. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2009; 25:2386-94. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2009001100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este estudo visou avaliar percepções, barreiras e características de materiais educativos de promoção de alimentação saudável descritas por adolescentes. Realizaram-se quatro grupos focais com 25 adolescentes com perguntas sobre: percepção e motivação para modificar a dieta; conceito de alimentação saudável e barreiras para sua adoção; e características de impressos para a promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis. Observou-se uma freqüente indecisão quanto a classificar a dieta como saudável. Os adolescentes referiram não se sentir confiantes para modificar a dieta, mas relataram conceitos adequados sobre alimentação saudável. As principais barreiras citadas foram focadas em aspectos pessoais e sociais, como: a tentação, o sabor dos alimentos, a influência dos pais e a falta de tempo e de opções de lanches saudáveis na escola. Para os jovens, materiais educativos de promoção de alimentação saudável devem reforçar seus benefícios imediatos e destacar mensagens alarmantes sobre os riscos à saúde advindos de uma alimentação inadequada.
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Huybrechts I, Matthys C, Vereecken C, Maes L, Temme EHM, Van Oyen H, De Backer G, De Henauw S. Food intakes by preschool children in Flanders compared with dietary guidelines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 5:243-57. [PMID: 19190355 PMCID: PMC2672311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph5040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare food group intakes among preschool children with food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and to determine the proportion of children meeting these guidelines. Food consumption of preschool children (2.5–6.5 years) living in Flanders (Belgium) were assessed in a cross-sectional study, using proxy reported 3d estimated dietary records (EDR) (n 696). Statistical modelling was used to account for within-individual variation in the 3d EDR. Mean daily intakes of most food groups (beverages, vegetables, fruit and milk) were below the minimum recommendations. Only ‘grains and potatoes’ and ‘meat products’ were in line with the recommendations and ‘bread and cereals’ showed borderline intakes. Mean intakes of energy-dense and low-nutritious foods, which are discouraged within a healthy diet (like snacks and sugared drinks), were high. Furthermore, the percentage of children complying with the different food-based dietary guidelines was for most food groups extremely low (ranging from approximately 4% for fluid and vegetable intakes up to 99% for potato intakes). Boys had in general higher mean intakes of the recommended food groups. In conclusion, preschool children in Flanders follow eating patterns that do not meet Flemish FBDG. Although the impact of these eating habits on preschooler’s current and future health should be further investigated, it is clear that nutrition education and intervention are needed among preschool children and their parents in Flanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
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Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate energy and nutrient intakes in pre-school children in Flanders-Belgium, using multistage clustered sampling. Diets of 661 children (338 boys; 323 girls) between 2·5 and 6·5 years old were assessed, with parentally reported 3 d estimated diet records. Usual energy and nutrient intakes were compared with national and international recommendations. Statistical modelling was used to account for within-individual variation. Mean daily energy intakes (boys, 6543 kJ; girls, 5757 kJ) approached the estimated energy requirements (EER) (boys, 6040 kJ; girls, 5798 kJ) for children < 4 years old. For children at least 4 years old, mean energy intakes (boys, 6408 kJ; girls, 5914 kJ) were below the EER of 6995 and 6740 kJ/d, respectively. Mean energy percentage (en%) derived from saturated fatty acids (SFA) (13–14 en%) was above the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) upper level of 12 en%. Mean percentages derived from MUFA (10–11 en%) and PUFA (4–5 en%) were below the AMDR lower levels of 12 and 8 en%, respectively. For fibre, iron and vitamin D intakes, < 15 % of the children reached the recommended dietary allowances. Everybody exceeded the tolerable upper intake levels for sodium. Although diets in Belgian children were adequate in most nutrients, the implications of low iron, vitamin D and fibre intakes should be investigated. Furthermore, this affluent diet, characterised by SFA, MUFA and PUFA intakes differing from the recommendations and excessive sodium intakes, might increase the risk for CVD in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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