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Sánchez-Rosales AI, Posadas-Calleja JG, Serralde-Zúñiga AE, Quiroz-Olguín G. Nutritional interventions as modulators of the disease activity for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a scoping review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:772-787. [PMID: 38324396 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are chronic, autoimmune connective tissue diseases associated with significant morbidity and disability. Nutrients can activate the immune system and contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation (LGI). Chronic muscle inflammation leads to imbalanced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, causing inadequate nutrition, weight loss and muscle weakness during a negative cycle. Owing to its potential to modulate LGI in various diseases, the Mediterranean diet (Med Diet) has been extensively studied. This scoping review explores the nutritional implications and recommendations of the Med Diet as a treatment for immune-mediated diseases, focusing on the gaps in IIM nutritional interventions. A comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE and EBSCO databases between September 2018 and December 2022 was performed. We identified that the Med Diet and its specific components, such as omega-3 (nω3) fatty acids, vitamin D and antioxidants, play a role in the dietary treatment of connective tissue-related autoimmune diseases. Nutritional interventions have demonstrated potential for modulating disease activity and warrant further exploration of IIMs through experimental studies. This review introduces a dietary therapeutic approach using the Med Diet and related compounds to regulate chronic inflammatory processes in IIMs. However, further clinical studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of the Med Diet in patients with IIMs. Emphasising a clinical-nutritional approach, this study encourages future research on the anti-inflammatory effects of the Med Diet on IIMs. This review highlights potential insights for managing and treating these conditions using a holistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril I Sánchez-Rosales
- School of Public Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Aurora E Serralde-Zúñiga
- Clinical Nutrition Service, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Quiroz-Olguín
- Clinical Nutrition Service, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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2
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Villar-Taibo R, Vidal-Casariego A, Santamaría-Nieto A, Cantón-Blanco A, Crujeiras AB, Lugo Rodríguez G, Rodríguez-Carnero G, Pita Gutiérrez F, Fernández Pombo A, Díaz-López E, Román Eyo A, Rodríguez Lavandeira U, Pena-Dubra A, Martínez-Olmos MÁ. Efficacy of a new immunonutrition formula with extra virgin olive oil in the reduction of complications in surgeries of upper digestive tract tumors. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1384145. [PMID: 38863591 PMCID: PMC11165349 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1384145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To demonstrate whether a nutritional supplement enriched with arginine, nucleotides, omega-3 fatty acids, and extra virgin olive oil reduces postoperative complications in patients with tumors in the upper digestive tract. Methods A randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial, in which a new immunomodulatory formula with extra virgin olive oil was compared with a standard isoprotein and isoenergetic formula. Patients with gastric, esophageal or biliopancreatic tumors were recruited to receive two units of immunomodulatory formula or control, 5 days before the surgical intervention. Results A total of 119 patients were recruited. There was a significant reduction in the number of reinterventions (7.7 vs. 20.4%; p = 0.044) in the intervention group. There was a significant reduction in the development of fistulas in patients with phase angles >5.7°. Also, there were fewer readmissions after biliopancreatic surgeries (0.0 vs. 100%; p = 0.014). The length of hospital stay was similar between groups; however, with the immunomodulatory formula, the patients exhibited greater phase angle at the end of follow-up. Conclusion The immunomodulatory formula with extra virgin olive oil administered 5 days before surgery for stomach, esophageal and biliopancreatic tumors improved cellular health and reduced postoperative complications.Clinical trial registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT04027088].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Villar-Taibo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Vidal-Casariego
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alicia Santamaría-Nieto
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Cantón-Blanco
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana B. Crujeiras
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Lugo Rodríguez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gemma Rodríguez-Carnero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pita Gutiérrez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Antía Fernández Pombo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Everardo Díaz-López
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Román Eyo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Uxía Rodríguez Lavandeira
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alberto Pena-Dubra
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-Olmos
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Segarra S, Bošnjak I, Mioč I, Čurčija B, Csik VA, Krešić S, Romero-Rueda J, Rodríguez A, Martínez-Puig D. Yeast-Derived Nucleotides Enhance Fibroblast Migration and Proliferation and Provide Clinical Benefits in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2890. [PMID: 38474135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides, glycosaminoglycans, and omega-3 essential fatty acids (O3s) could be used for improving skin health, although their modes of action, alone or in combination, are not yet fully understood. To gain some insight into these mechanisms, we performed two in vitro tests and one in vivo pilot trial. The effects on human dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration were evaluated with the following compounds and combinations: 0.156 mg/mL O3s, 0.0017 mg/mL hyaluronic acid (HA), 0.0004 mg/mL dermatan sulfate (DS), 0.0818 mg/mL nucleotides, and [O3s + HA + DS] and [O3s + HA + DS + nucleotides] at the same concentrations. In both in vitro assays, adding nucleotides to [O3s + HA + DS] provided significant improvements. The resulting combination [O3s + HA + DS + nucleotides] was then tested in vivo in dogs with atopic dermatitis by oral administration of a supplement providing a daily amount of 40 mg/kg nucleotides, 0.9 mg/kg HA, 0.18 mg/kg DS, 53.4 mg/kg EPA, and 7.6 mg/kg DHA. After 30 days, the pruritus visual analog scale (pVAS) score was significantly reduced, and no adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, the combination of nucleotides plus glycosaminoglycans and O3s could serve as a useful therapeutic alternative in skin health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Segarra
- R&D Bioiberica S.A.U., Av. dels Països Catalans, 34, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ivica Bošnjak
- Veterinarska Ambulanta Bošnjak & Mioč doo, Dinka Šimunovića 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Igor Mioč
- Veterinarska Ambulanta Bošnjak & Mioč doo, Dinka Šimunovića 2A, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Bojana Čurčija
- Veterinarska Ambulanta Luna doo, Trg Matije Gupca 48, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | | | - Srećko Krešić
- Veterinarska Ambulanta RiVet doo, Istarska 15, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jessica Romero-Rueda
- Health & Biomedicine Department, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Rodríguez
- Health & Biomedicine Department, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Martínez-Puig
- R&D Bioiberica S.A.U., Av. dels Països Catalans, 34, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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De Felice F, Cattaneo CG, Poto GE, Antropoli C, Brillantino A, Carbone L, Brunetti O, De Luca R, Desideri I, Incorvaia L, La Mendola R, Marmorino F, Parini D, Rodriquenz MG, Salvestrini V, Sebastiani F, Polom K, Marano L. Mapping the landscape of immunonutrition and cancer research: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis on behalf of NutriOnc Research Group. Int J Surg 2024; 110:395-405. [PMID: 37737933 PMCID: PMC10793798 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing global health challenge of cancer is driving the pursuit of innovative avenues for prevention, treatment, and enhanced outcomes. The convergence of nutrition and immune modulation, known as immunonutrition, is ready to act as a catalyst for transformative change in cancer research and therapy. Our study employs a bibliometric analysis to uncover the evolving trends within immunonutrition and cancer research across the past 25 years. Bibliometric data, including authors, journals, affiliations, and countries, were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R package. Clustering algorithms were applied to keywords to identify thematic areas and their evolution. A total of 489 documents were analyzed, showing an annual growth rate of 8.7%, with a collaboration index of 5.41, highlighting comprehensive multidisciplinary involvement within this landscape. Core authors demonstrated sustained productivity, while occasional authors indicated widespread interest. The Medical University of Warsaw led in institutional contributions. Country-wise, Italy, France, and the USA emerged as forerunners in fostering research productivity. Key journals like 'Clinical Nutrition' served as beacons, emphasizing the multidimensional nature of this topic. The analysis highlighted growing research output and several collaborations, indicating the importance of immunoenriched nutrition in cancer treatment. The interplay of core authors and diversified engagement harmoniously accentuates the cross-disciplinary nature of this burgeoning field. International collaboration facilitated knowledge exchange. Prominent documents shaped the field, emphasizing the significance of nutritional interventions. Thematic clusters revealed varied focuses, including pharmaconutrients, surgical approaches, inflammation, and specific cancers. The expanding research output suggests further development, particularly in exploring immunoenriched nutrition's impact on cancer types and patient populations. The multidisciplinary nature and international collaborations enhance the field's progress. Gaps in research underscore the need for original studies and personalized approaches. This study guides future research, informing evidence-based nutritional interventions and advancing cancer care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Felice
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome
| | - Carlo G. Cattaneo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome
| | - Gianmario E. Poto
- Italian Registry of Physicians and Surgeons, Regione Campania, Italy
| | | | | | - Ludovico Carbone
- Italian Registry of Physicians and Surgeons, Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Department of Surgical Oncology IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”-Bari
| | - Raffaele De Luca
- Department of Surgical Oncology IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”-Bari
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - Roberta La Mendola
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, University of Verona, P.zza Aristide Stefani, Verona
| | - Federica Marmorino
- Unit of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - Dario Parini
- General Surgery Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo
| | - Maria G. Rodriquenz
- Unit of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Foggia
| | - Viola Salvestrini
- CyberKnife Center, Istituto Fiorentino di Cura ed Assistenza (IFCA), Radiation Oncology
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence
| | - Federica Sebastiani
- Section of Clinical Nutrition, AUSL - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Karol Polom
- Clinic of Oncological, Transplantation and General Surgery, Gdansk Medical University, Gdansk
| | - Luigi Marano
- Academy of Applied Medical and Social Sciences - AMiSNS: Akademia Medycznych i Spolecznych Nauk Stosowanych - 2 Lotnicza street, Elbląg, Poland
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Ling ZN, Jiang YF, Ru JN, Lu JH, Ding B, Wu J. Amino acid metabolism in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:345. [PMID: 37699892 PMCID: PMC10497558 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein synthesis. They are structural elements and energy sources of cells necessary for normal cell growth, differentiation and function. Amino acid metabolism disorders have been linked with a number of pathological conditions, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immune diseases, and cancer. In the case of tumors, alterations in amino acid metabolism can be used not only as clinical indicators of cancer progression but also as therapeutic strategies. Since the growth and development of tumors depend on the intake of foreign amino acids, more and more studies have targeted the metabolism of tumor-related amino acids to selectively kill tumor cells. Furthermore, immune-related studies have confirmed that amino acid metabolism regulates the function of effector T cells and regulatory T cells, affecting the function of immune cells. Therefore, studying amino acid metabolism associated with disease and identifying targets in amino acid metabolic pathways may be helpful for disease treatment. This article mainly focuses on the research of amino acid metabolism in tumor-oriented diseases, and reviews the research and clinical research progress of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and immune-related diseases related to amino acid metabolism, in order to provide theoretical basis for targeted therapy of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Nan Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Nan Ru
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hua Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
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Do Woong Choi J, Kwik C, Vivekanandamoorthy N, Shanmugalingam A, Allan L, Gavegan F, Shedden K, Peters A, Khoury TE, Pathmanathan N, Toh JWT. Is preoperative hypoalbuminemia or hypoproteinemia a reliable marker for anastomotic leakage risk in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery in an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program? Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:152. [PMID: 37256440 PMCID: PMC10232607 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preoperative hypoalbuminemia has traditionally been used as a marker of nutritional status and is considered a significant risk factor for anastomotic leak (AL). METHODS The Westmead Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (WERAS) prospectively collected database, consisting of 361 patients who underwent colorectal surgery with primary anastomosis, was interrogated. Preoperative serum albumin and protein levels (measured within 1 week of surgery) were plotted on receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) and statistically analyzed for cutoff values, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV). RESULTS The incidence of AL was 4.4% (16/361). Overall mortality was 1.4% (5/361), 6.3% (1/16) in the AL group, and 1.2% (4/345) in the no AL group. The median preoperative albumin and protein level in the AL group were 39 g/L and 75 g/L, respectively. The median preoperative albumin and protein level in the no AL group were 38 g/L and 74 g/L, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U test showed no statistically significant difference in albumin levels (p = 0.4457) nor protein levels (p = 0.6245) in the AL and no AL groups. ROC curves demonstrated that preoperative albumin and protein levels were not good predictors of anastomotic leak. Cutoff values for albumin (38 g/L) and protein (75 g/L) both had poor PPV for AL (4.8% and 3.8% respectively). CONCLUSION In patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery as part of an ERAS program, preoperative serum albumin and protein levels are not reliable in predicting AL. This may be because of nutritional supplementation provided as part of an ERAS program may correct nutritional deficits to protect against AL or that low albumin/protein is not as robust a marker of AL as previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Do Woong Choi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charlotte Kwik
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nurojan Vivekanandamoorthy
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aswin Shanmugalingam
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lachlan Allan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Gavegan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Shedden
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Peters
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Toufic El Khoury
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nimalan Pathmanathan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Wei Tatt Toh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Corner Hawkesbury Road and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Hirschberger S, Schmid A, Kreth S. [Immunomodulation by nutritional intervention in critically ill patients]. DIE ANAESTHESIOLOGIE 2023; 72:229-244. [PMID: 36797533 PMCID: PMC9934515 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-023-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill patients often suffer from a complex and severe immunological dysfunction. The differentiation and function of human immune cells are fundamentally controlled through metabolic processes. New concepts of immunonutrition therefore try to use enteral and parenteral nutrition to positively impact on the immune function of intensive care unit patients. This review article concisely presents the currently available evidence on the commonly used isolated supplements (anti-oxidative substances, amino acids, essential fatty acids) and difficulties related to their clinical use. The second part presents new and more comprehensive concepts of immunonutrition to influence the intestinal microbiome and to modulate the macronutrient composition. Immunonutrition of critically ill patients bears enormous potential and could become a valuable clinical tool for modulation of the immunometabolism of intensive care unit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hirschberger
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, LMU Klinikum München, München, Deutschland
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Marchioninistr. 68, 81377, München, Deutschland
| | - Annika Schmid
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, LMU Klinikum München, München, Deutschland
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Marchioninistr. 68, 81377, München, Deutschland
| | - Simone Kreth
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, LMU Klinikum München, München, Deutschland.
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Marchioninistr. 68, 81377, München, Deutschland.
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Khan A, Wong J, Riedel B, Laing E, Beaumont A, Kong J, Warrier S, Heriot A. The Impact of Peri-operative Enteral Immunonutrition on Post-operative Complications in Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:3619-3631. [PMID: 36820938 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunonutrition (IMN) in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer surgery remains under-utilised and contentious. Despite previous meta-analysis reporting benefit, most recent randomised control trials (RCTs) have failed to demonstrate this and have recommended against its routine use. A contemporary meta-analysis may contribute to the recommendations for immunonutrition use and help select which patients may benefit. The objective of this study was to review IMN and its impact on post-operative outcomes in GI cancer surgery, exploring its role in both malnourished and non-malnourished populations, the optimal dose to use, cancer type of patients using IMN and the timing of IMN relative to the peri-operative period. PATIENTS AND METHODS The EMBASE and Medline databases were searched from 2000 to 2022 for RCTs evaluating IMN in adults undergoing GI cancer surgery. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies were included (22 pre-operative IMN studies, 11 peri-operative IMN trials and 9 post-operative IMN trials; 4 trials had multiple IMN protocols) that reported on 3793 patients. The main outcome of post-operative infectious complications was reduced with IMN [odds ratio (OR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.72]. This association was significant in subgroup analysis only with pre-operative and peri-operative administration and in trials including upper GI cancers, colorectal cancer and 'mixed GI' cancer populations, and significance was independent of nutritional status. IMN in pooled analysis reduced surgical site infection (SSI) (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.81), anastomotic leak (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.93) and length of stay (LOS) by 1.94 days (95% CI - 3 to - 0.87). CONCLUSION Immunonutrition was associated with reduced post-operative complications. Peri-operative administration may be the preferred strategy in reducing infectious complications, anastomotic leak, SSI and LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Khan
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Jean Wong
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Bernhard Riedel
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Erin Laing
- Nutrition and Speech Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Beaumont
- Nutrition and Speech Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph Kong
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Satish Warrier
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Alexander Heriot
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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9
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Guo Y, Zhang L, Liang Y, Li P, Zhang T, Meng F, Liu B, Zhang H, Fu W, Wang W, Liang J, Tian X. Effects of dietary yeast culture on health status in digestive tract of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100065. [PMID: 36419603 PMCID: PMC9680107 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary yeast culture (YC) on health status in digestive tract of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei. Shrimps (initial weight: 3.33 ± 0.06 g) were fed with graded levels of dietary YC (control, 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0%). Results of the present study showed that villus height and the ratio between villus height and crypt depth in the digestive tract of juvenile shrimp was significantly increased by dietary 0.5% and 1.0%YC (P < 0.05). Besides, dietary 0.5% and 1.0%YC significantly activities of phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LZ), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) (P < 0.05), significantly up-regulated mRNA levels of prophenoloxidase (propo), lysozyme (lz), anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (alf), crustin and penaienadin (P < 0.05) and down-regulated mRNA levels of caspase-1, nuclear factor κB p65 (nf-κbp65) myeloid differentiation primary response protein (myd88) and toll like receptor (tlr) in the digestive tract of juvenile shrimp (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, dietary 0.5%YC increased Chao1 index in the digestive tract of juvenile shrimp. In addition, compared with the control, dietary 0.5% and 1.0%YC significantly increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that dietary YC made positive contribution to health status in digestive tract of juvenile shrimp through improving morphology and microbiota, enhancing immune function, and inhibiting inflammation of digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Guo
- GBW Biotechnology Group, Qingdao 266111, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- GBW Biotechnology Group, Qingdao 266111, China
| | - Yi Liang
- GBW Biotechnology Group, Qingdao 266111, China
| | - Peigen Li
- GBW Biotechnology Group, Qingdao 266111, China
| | | | - Fankui Meng
- GBW Biotechnology Group, Qingdao 266111, China
| | - Baotong Liu
- GBW Biotechnology Group, Qingdao 266111, China
| | | | - Wenzhong Fu
- GBW Biotechnology Group, Qingdao 266111, China
| | - Wei Wang
- GBW Biotechnology Group, Qingdao 266111, China
| | | | - Xiangli Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266237, China
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10
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Dimou A, Tsimihodimos V, Bairaktari E. The Critical Role of the Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Catabolism-Regulating Enzymes, Branched-Chain Aminotransferase (BCAT) and Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase (BCKD), in Human Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074022. [PMID: 35409380 PMCID: PMC8999875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, are essential amino acids widely studied for their crucial role in the regulation of protein synthesis mainly through the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and their emerging recognition as players in the regulation of various physiological and metabolic processes, such as glucose homeostasis. BCAA supplementation is primarily used as a beneficial nutritional intervention in chronic liver and kidney disease as well as in muscle wasting disorders. However, downregulated/upregulated plasma BCAAs and their defective catabolism in various tissues, mainly due to altered enzymatic activity of the first two enzymes in their catabolic pathway, BCAA aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD), have been investigated in many nutritional and disease states. The current review focused on the underlying mechanisms of altered BCAA catabolism and its contribution to the pathogenesis of a numerous pathological conditions such as diabetes, heart failure and cancer. In addition, we summarize findings that indicate that the recovery of the dysregulated BCAA catabolism may be associated with an improved outcome and the prevention of serious disease complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dimou
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26510-07620
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11
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Cotter SC, Al Shareefi E. Nutritional ecology, infection and immune defence - exploring the mechanisms. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 50:100862. [PMID: 34952240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diet can impact the outcome of parasitic infection in three, non-mutually exclusive ways: 1) by changing the physiological environment of the host, such as the availability of key nutritional resources, the presence of toxic dietary chemicals, the pH or osmolality of the blood or gut, 2) by enhancing the immune response and 3) by altering the presence of host microbiota, which help to digest nutrients and are a potential source of antibiotics. We show that there are no clear patterns in the effects of diet across taxa and that good evidence for the mechanisms by which diet exerts its effects are often lacking. More studies are required to understand the mechanisms of action if we are to discern patterns that can be generalised across host and parasite taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena C Cotter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Ekhlas Al Shareefi
- Dept of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Hillah-Babil, Iraq
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12
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Vaccines, Microbiota and Immunonutrition: Food for Thought. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020294. [PMID: 35214752 PMCID: PMC8874781 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are among the most effective health measures and have contributed to eradicating some diseases. Despite being very effective, response rates are low in some individuals. Different factors have been proposed to explain why some people are not as responsive as others, but what appears to be of critical importance is the presence of a healthy functioning immune system. In this respect, a key factor in modulating the immune system, both in its adaptive and innate components, is the microbiota. While microbiota can be modulated in different ways (i.e., antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics), an effective and somewhat obvious mechanism is via nutrition. The science of nutrients and their therapeutic application is called immunonutrition, and it is increasingly being considered in several conditions. Our review will focus on the importance of nutrition and microbiota modulation in promoting a healthy immune system while also discussing the overall impact on vaccination response.
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13
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Segarra S. Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2601. [PMID: 34946204 PMCID: PMC8703464 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an emerging, uncontrolled, and neglected zoonotic disease. Climate change is contributing to its ongoing global expansion. The dog is the main reservoir; hence the importance of implementing effective treatment, prevention, and control measures in this animal species to protect public health. However, although the standard treatment for canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is effective, it does not provide full parasitological clearance, and side effects and drug resistance have been described. The host's immune system plays a key role in the establishment and evolution of leishmaniasis. Dietary nucleotides modulate the immune response and, given their reported efficacy and safety in sick and clinically healthy Leishmania-infected dogs and because they represent a sustainable option with no associated side effects or resistance, they could be included within the prevention, treatment, and control strategies for leishmaniasis. This article briefly summarizes the scientific literature on CanL management, including unresolved issues, and reviews the scientific evidence on immunomodulatory effects of dietary nucleotides in different animal species. It also proposes a CanL management algorithm, including nucleotides. It is concluded that nutritional modulation of the immune response with nucleotides can contribute to better management of leishmaniasis following a One Health approach, especially in the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Segarra
- R&D Bioiberica S.A.U., 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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14
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Bortolasci CC, Turner A, Mohebbi M, Liu ZS, Ashton M, Gray L, Marx W, Walker AJ, Kowalski GM, Jacka F, Berk M, Dean OM, Walder K. Baseline serum amino acid levels predict treatment response to augmentation with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a bipolar disorder randomised trial. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:376-383. [PMID: 34438354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) acts on glutamatergic and redox systems, two systems implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). This has led to the investigation of NAC as a potential candidate for the treatment of BD. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolomic markers to identify predictors of NAC response in a cohort of BD participants. This study is a secondary analysis of a 16-week, multi-site, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial in BD participants with a current acute depressive episode. This study included trial participants who received either NAC 2000 mg/day, or placebo. Participants (NAC: n = 31, placebo: n = 29) were assessed at baseline and week 16 using the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and were dichotomised into "responders" (MADRS at week 16 < 50% of MADRS at baseline) and "non-responders" (MADRS at week 16 > 50% at baseline). Untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed to analyse baseline levels of 68 serum metabolites. Of the nine metabolites that differentiated placebo and NAC groups, five were amino acids with lower levels in the NAC responder group compared with the NAC non-responders. Further analysis generated a predictive model of MADRS improvement including glycine, norleucine, threonine, proline, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, lysine and leucine (R2 = 0.853; adjusted R2 = 0.733). This prediction model predicted 85% of the variance in MADRS outcome after adjunctive treatment with NAC. BD participants with lower serum levels of free amino acids at baseline may be more likely to respond to adjunctive treatment with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara C Bortolasci
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Alyna Turner
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Zoe Sj Liu
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Melanie Ashton
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Laura Gray
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Adam J Walker
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice Jacka
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Parkville, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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15
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Purnama MTE, Ernanda EP, Fikri F, Purnomo A, Khairani S, Chhetri S. Effects of dietary supplementation with breadfruit leaf powder on growth performance, meat quality, and antioxidative activity in Japanese quail. Vet World 2021; 14:1946-1953. [PMID: 34475721 PMCID: PMC8404118 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1946-1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: In an era of increasing concerns about food availability globally, poultry meat is being increasingly consumed rather than red meat given its quality in terms of pH, color, and tenderness, conferring consumer satisfaction. The choice of feed is a crucial factor in poultry production. This study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with breadfruit leaf powder on growth performance, meat quality, and antioxidative activity in Japanese quail. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 day-old quail were used in this study and assigned equally into four treatment groups: Group C fed a basal diet and three treatment groups fed a basal diet supplemented with 2.5% (T1), 5% (T2), or 10% (T3) breadfruit leaf powder. The concentrations of breadfruit leaf powder were 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg in the basal diet. Quail body weight and feed intake (FI) were evaluated at 1, 21, and 35 days of age at 7 a.m. Pectoral muscle was collected to determine pH, meat color, drip loss, cooking loss, water-holding capacity (WHC), tenderness, and antioxidant levels. All variables were analyzed statistically using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test (significance set at p<0.05). Results: T3 showed increased body weight gain of quails at1-21 and 21-35 days (p<0.05). Feeding in the T3 group improved the feed conversion ratio compared with those in the C and T1 groups at the starter phase (p<0.05). Dietary treatment did not affect FI (p>0.05). In the present study, meat redness and WHC were improved in the T3 group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, drip loss, cooking loss, and meat tenderness were improved in the T2 group (p<0.05). The pH45 min, pH24 h, lightness, and yellowness were not influenced by the treatments (p>0.05). The antioxidative activities of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde decreased in the T3 group (p<0.05), while no significant difference in glutathione peroxidase level (p>0.05) was identified. Conclusion: Ten grams/kilogram of breadfruit leaf powder, as administered in the T3 group, can be applied as a dietary supplement for Japanese quail to improve growth performance, meat quality, and antioxidative activity during the starter and grower periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eric Putra Ernanda
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Faisal Fikri
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Pathology and Physiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Agus Purnomo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shafia Khairani
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Shekhar Chhetri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa, Punakha, Bhutan
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16
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He CF, Liu WB, Shi HJ, Zhang L, Zhang L, Li XF. Utilization of pelleted and extruded feed by blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala: Insights from growth performance, health status and feed cost. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:1203-1213. [PMID: 33772885 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of both pelleted feed (PF) and extruded feed (EF) by blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala based on growth performance, stress responses, innate immunity and disease resistance. Both the PF and EF were prepared with the same formula. Fish were divided randomly into 2 groups, including one fed the PF continuously and one offered the EF continuously. The whole feeding trial lasted 8 weeks, after which fish were subjected to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The results showed that the feed intake, feed conversion ratio, hepatic total superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content, plasma complement 3 and complement 4 levels as well as myeloperoxidase activity of the EF group were all significantly lower than those of the PF group, while the opposite was true for the condition factor, the viscera index, the abdominal fat percentage, nitrogen and energy retention, hepatic malondialdehyde content, plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, lactate, total protein and globulin as well as the activities of plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, the EF group also obtained relatively low activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase and plasma acid phosphatase as well as high cumulative mortality rates at 24-96 h after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Furthermore, the feed cost of culturing this species with EF is lower than that with PF. These findings indicated that compared with PF, EF could increase the feed utilization and economic benefits of blunt snout bream, but reduce its anti-stress ability, non-specific immunity, A. hydrophila resistance and feed cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Hua-Juan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, China
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17
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Buzquurz F, Bojesen RD, Grube C, Madsen MT, Gögenur I. Impact of oral preoperative and perioperative immunonutrition on postoperative infection and mortality in patients undergoing cancer surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. BJS Open 2020; 4:764-775. [PMID: 32573977 PMCID: PMC7528521 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious complications occur in 4–22 per cent of patients undergoing surgical resection of malignant solid tumours. Improving the patient's immune system in relation to oncological surgery with immunonutrition may play an important role in reducing postoperative infections. A meta‐analysis was undertaken to evaluate the potential clinical benefits of immunonutrition on postoperative infections and 30‐day mortality in patients undergoing oncological surgery. Methods PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Eligible studies had to include patients undergoing elective curative surgery for a solid malignant tumour and receiving immunonutrition orally before surgery, including patients who continued immunonutrition into the postoperative period. The main outcome was overall infectious complications; secondary outcomes were surgical‐site infection (SSI) and 30‐day mortality, described by relative risk (RR) with trial sequential analysis (TSA). Risk of bias was assessed according to Cochrane methodology. Results Some 22 RCTs with 2159 participants were eligible for meta‐analysis. Compared with the control group, immunonutrition reduced overall infectious complications (RR 0·58, 95 per cent c.i. 0·48 to 0·70; I2 = 7 per cent; TSA‐adjusted 95 per cent c.i. 0·28 to 1·21) and SSI (RR 0·65, 95 per cent c.i. 0·50 to 0·85; I2 = 0 per cent; TSA‐adjusted 95 per cent c.i. 0·21 to 2·04). Thirty‐day mortality was not altered by immunonutrition (RR 0·69, 0·33 to 1·40; I2 = 0 per cent). Conclusion Immunonutrition reduced overall infectious complications, even after controlling for random error, and also reduced SSI. The quality of evidence was moderate, and mortality was not affected by immunonutrition (low quality). Oral immunonutrition merits consideration as a means of reducing overall infectious complications after cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Buzquurz
- Department of Surgery, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.,Centre for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - R D Bojesen
- Department of Surgery, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.,Centre for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - C Grube
- Department of Surgery, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.,Centre for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - M T Madsen
- Centre for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - I Gögenur
- Centre for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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18
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Ramalho R, Rao M, Zhang C, Agrati C, Ippolito G, Wang FS, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Immunometabolism: new insights and lessons from antigen-directed cellular immune responses. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:279-313. [PMID: 32519148 PMCID: PMC7282544 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses by nutrients is an important area of study in cellular biology and clinical sciences in the context of cancer therapies and anti-pathogen-directed immune responses in health and disease. We review metabolic pathways that influence immune cell function and cellular persistence in chronic infections. We also highlight the role of nutrients in altering the tissue microenvironment with lessons from the tumor microenvironment that shapes the quality and quantity of cellular immune responses. Multiple layers of biological networks, including the nature of nutritional supplements, the genetic background, previous exposures, and gut microbiota status have impact on cellular performance and immune competence against molecularly defined targets. We discuss how immune metabolism determines the differentiation pathway of antigen-specific immune cells and how these insights can be explored to devise better strategies to strengthen anti-pathogen-directed immune responses, while curbing unwanted, non-productive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ramalho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Applied Nutrition Studies Group G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chao Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
- I Medizinische Klinik, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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19
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Habte-Tsion HM. A review on fish immuno-nutritional response to indispensable amino acids in relation to TOR, NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways: Trends and prospects. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 241:110389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bobeck EA. NUTRITION AND HEALTH: COMPANION ANIMAL APPLICATIONS: Functional nutrition in livestock and companion animals to modulate the immune response. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa035. [PMID: 32026938 PMCID: PMC7053864 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of how the immune system functions in response to diet have altered the way we think about feeding livestock and companion animals on both the short (weeks/months) and long-term (years) timelines; however, depth of research in each of these species varies. Work dedicated to understanding how immune function can be altered with diet has revealed additional functions of required nutrients such as vitamins D and E, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and minerals such as zinc, while feed additives such as phytogenics and probiotics add an additional layer of immunomodulating potential to modern diets. For certain nutrients such as vitamin D or omega-3 PUFA, inclusion above currently recommended levels may optimize immune function and reduce inflammation, while for others such as zinc, additional pharmacological supplementation above requirements may inhibit immune function. Also to consider is the potential to over-immunomodulate, where important functions such as clearance of microbial infections may be reduced when supplementation reduces the inflammatory action of the immune system. Continued work in the area of nutritional immunology will further enhance our understanding of the power of nutrition and diet to improve health in both livestock and companion animals. This review collects examples from several species to highlight the work completed to understand how nutrition can be used to alter immune function, intended or not.
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Huynh E, Penney J, Caswell J, Li J. Protective Effects of Protegrin in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Murine Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:156. [PMID: 30873029 PMCID: PMC6403130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins, a class of antimicrobial peptides, have been widely studied for their antimicrobial role in innate immune responses during infection and inflammation. At sub-antimicrobial concentrations, various cathelicidins from different species have been reported to exert chemotactic activity on neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells and T-cells, and also enhance angiogenesis and wound healing. To date, the role of the pig cathelicidin, protegrin-1 (PG-1), in immune modulation and tissue repair in the intestinal tract has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential protective effects of recombinant PG-1 in a mouse dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis inflammation model. This is the first report showing the protective effects of PG-1 in its various forms (pro-, cathelin-, and mature-forms) in attenuating significant body weight loss associated with DSS-induced colitis (p < 0.05). PG-1 treatment improved histological scores (P < 0.05) and influenced the gene expression of inflammatory mediators and tissue repair factors such as trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) and mucin (MUC-2). Protegrin treatment also altered the metabolite profile, returning the metabolite levels closer to untreated control levels. These findings lay the foundation for future oral application of recombinant PG-1 to potentially treat intestinal damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanna Huynh
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Penney
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff Caswell
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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22
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McCarthy MS, Martindale RG. Immunonutrition in Critical Illness: What Is the Role? Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 33:348-358. [PMID: 29878555 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute illness-associated malnutrition leads to muscle wasting, delayed wound healing, failure to wean from ventilator support, and possibly higher rates of infection and longer hospital stays unless appropriate metabolic support is provided in the form of nutrition therapy. Agreement is still lacking about the value of individual immune-modulating substrates for specific patient populations. However, it has long been agreed that there are 3 primary targets for these substrates: 1) mucosal barrier function, 2) cellular defense function, and 3) local and systemic inflammation. These targets guide the multitude of interventions necessary to stabilize and treat the hypercatabolic intensive care unit patient, including specialized nutrition therapy. The paradigm shift that occurred 30 years ago created a unique role for nutrition as an agent to support host defense mechanisms and prevent infectious complications in the critically ill patient. This overview of immunonutrition will discuss the evidence for its role in critical illness today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S McCarthy
- Center for Nursing Science and Clinical Inquiry, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Robert G Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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23
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Supplementation of a clay mineral-based product modulates plasma metabolomic profile and liver enzymes in cattle fed grain-rich diets. Animal 2018; 13:1214-1223. [PMID: 30326981 PMCID: PMC6528387 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118002665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain-rich diets often lead to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) impairing rumen and systemic cattle health. Recent data suggest beneficial effects of a clay mineral (CM)- based product on the rumen microbiome of cattle during SARA. This study sought to investigate whether the CM supplementation can counteract SARA-induced perturbations of the bovine systemic health. The study used an intermittent diet-induced SARA-model with eight dry Holstein cows receiving either no additive as control or CM via concentrates (n=8 per treatment). Cows received first a forage diet (Baseline) for 1 week, followed by a 1-week SARA-challenge (SARA 1), a 1-week recovery phase (Recovery) and finally a second SARA-challenge for 2 weeks (SARA 2). Cows were monitored for feed intake, reticular pH and chewing behavior. Blood samples were taken and analyzed for metabolites related to glucose and lipid metabolism as well as liver health biomarkers. In addition, a targeted electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-MS-based metabolomics approach was carried out on the plasma samples obtained at the end of the Baseline and SARA 1 phase. Data showed that supplementing the cows' diet with CM improved ruminating chews per regurgitated bolus by 16% in SARA 1 (P=0.01) and enhanced the dry matter intake during the Recovery phase (P=0.05). Moreover, the SARA-induced decreases in several amino acids and phosphatidylcholines were less pronounced in cows receiving CM (P≤0.10). The CM-supplemented cows also had lower concentrations of lactate (P=0.03) and biogenic amines such as histamine and spermine (P<0.01) in the blood. In contrast, the concentration of acylcarnitines with key metabolic functions was increased in the blood of treated cows (P≤0.05). In SARA 2, the CM-cows had lower concentrations of the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase (P<0.05). In conclusion, the data suggest that supplementation of CM holds the potential to alleviate the negative effects of high-grain feeding in cattle by counteracting multiple SARA-induced perturbations in the systemic metabolism and liver health.
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Chiba T, Suzuki K, Matsumoto T. Plasma-Free Amino Acid Profiles in Crohn's Disease: Relationship With the Crohn Disease Activity Index. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 11:1179552218791173. [PMID: 30083065 PMCID: PMC6066806 DOI: 10.1177/1179552218791173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to clarify the relationship between plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles and the Crohn's disease (CD) activity index (CDAI) in patients with CD. METHODS We measured fasting PFAA concentrations in 29 patients with CD and their correlation with disease activity. RESULTS In all patients, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and concentrations of valine, methionine, leucine, histidine, tryptophan, alanine, tyrosine, total amino acids (TAAs), nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). In patients with the ileo-colonic type of CD, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and valine, histidine, tryptophan, glutamine, TAA, NEAA, EAA, and BCAA. In ileal type, significant correlations were observed between CDAI and threonine, valine, histidine, serine, and glycine. In colonic type, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and valine, histidine, tryptophan, TAA, NEAA, EAA, and BCAA. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CD, plasma amino acids appear to be associated with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Chiba
- Division of Internal Medicine,
Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka,
Japan
- Toshimi Chiba, Division of Internal
Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical
University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020-8505, Iwate, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences,
Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Morioka University, Takizawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka,
Japan
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25
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Innate immunity and metabolomic responses in dairy cows challenged intramammarily with lipopolysaccharide after subacute ruminal acidosis. Animal 2018; 12:2551-2560. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Day
- Specialist Palliative Care Dietitian, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust
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27
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Rai VRH, Phang LF, Sia SF, Amir A, Veerakumaran JS, Kassim MKA, Othman R, Tah PC, Loh PS, Jailani MIO, Ong G. Effects of immunonutrition on biomarkers in traumatic brain injury patients in Malaysia: a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17:81. [PMID: 28619005 PMCID: PMC5472912 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-017-0369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head injury is one of the top three diagnosis leading to intensive care unit (ICU) admission in Malaysia. There has been growing interest in using immunonutrition as a mode of modulating the inflammatory response to injury or infection with the aim of improving clinical outcome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an immunonutrition on biomarkers (IL-6, glutathione, CRP, total protein and albumin) in traumatic brain injury patients. Methods Thirty six patients with head injury admitted to neurosurgical ICU in University Malaya Medical Centre were recruited for this study, over a 6-month period from July 2014 to January 2015. Patients were randomized to receive either an immunonutrition (Group A) or a standard (Group B) enteral feed. Levels of biomarkers were measured at day 1, 5 and 7 of enteral feeding. Results Patients in Group A showed significant reduction of IL-6 at day 5 (p < 0.001) with concurrent rise in glutathione levels (p = 0.049). Patients in Group A also demonstrated a significant increase of total protein level at the end of the study (day 7). Conclusion These findings indicate the potential of immunonutrition reducing cytokines and increasing antioxidant indices in patients with TBI. However, further studies incorporating patient outcomes are needed to determine its overall clinical benefits. Trial registration National Medical Research Register (NMRR) ID: 14–1430-23,171. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03166449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineya Rai Hakumat Rai
- School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,KPJ Tawakkal Specialist Hospital, Jalan Pahang Barat, 53000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Fern Phang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Jalan Hospital, 93586, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Fung Sia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Amir
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jeyaganesh S Veerakumaran
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rafidah Othman
- Department of Dietetics, University Malaya Medical Centre, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Chien Tah
- Department of Dietetics, University Malaya Medical Centre, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui San Loh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Gracie Ong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Singh SK, Dorak MT. Cancer Immunoprevention and Public Health. Front Public Health 2017; 5:101. [PMID: 28534024 PMCID: PMC5421153 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The power of cancer immune surveillance has been documented beyond doubt, and the successful exploitation of immune response to cancer has started a new era in the war against cancer. Cancer biologists have recognized immunoevasion as an emerging hallmark in addition to the six hallmarks of cancer. Besides the natural connection between the immune system and cancer development, most established environmental risk factors are now known to interfere with immune surveillance mechanisms. Genetic variations regulating immunity may also modulate cancer susceptibility, but evidence for this is currently limited. Molecular cross talk linking “immune” and “genomic” surveillance pathways has been characterized. It appears that immune mechanisms may contribute to the effects of common cancer risk factors. We provide an updated overview of evidence for cancer immune surveillance, cancer risk factors interfering with it, and interventions to enhance cancer immune surveillance as tools to complement ongoing vaccine development efforts for cancer immunoprevention. Although there is a lot of support for cancer immunoprevention with simple lifestyle modifications from observational studies, there is an urgent need for clinical trials to establish the effectiveness of this approach for public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Al-Biltagi MAM, Abo-Elezz AAE, Abd-Elhafez MA, Mabrouk MM, Suliman GA. Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Supplement to the Enteral Feeding in Children With Mild to Moderate Sepsis. J Intensive Care Med 2017; 32:212-217. [PMID: 26704762 DOI: 10.1177/0885066615623927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the benefits of supplementing enteral feeding with omega-3 fatty acids in children with mild to moderate sepsis and its effects on acute-phase reactants and interleukin 6 (IL-6) level. METHODS The study was a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study from January 2012 to June 2014, which included 2 groups of children with mild to moderate sepsis tolerating enteral feeding. Group A included 60 children supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids, whereas group B included 60 children who received enteral feeding without omega-3 supplementation. Both groups had complete blood pictures, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum albumin, and IL-6 before and after 7 days from supplementation. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in hemoglobin percentage ( P < .0001), total white blood cell (WBC) count ( P < .0001), and platelet count ( P < .0001) and significant decrease in CRP ( P < .0001), ESR ( P < .0001), IL-6 ( P < .0001), and albumin level ( P < .001) in the supplemented group than the nonsupplemented group. The supplemented group also had a significantly shorter duration of stay in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU; P < .01) and decreased death rate than the nonsupplemented group. CONCLUSION Children with mild to moderate sepsis showed significant improvement in inflammatory markers and had shorter PICU admission when enteral feeding was supplemented with omega-3 essential fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maaly Mohamed Mabrouk
- 2 Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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30
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Kwan HY, Chao X, Su T, Fu X, Tse AKW, Fong WF, Yu ZL. The anticancer and antiobesity effects of Mediterranean diet. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:82-94. [PMID: 25831235 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.852510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancers have been the leading cause of death worldwide and the prevalence of obesity is also increasing in these few decades. Interestingly, there is a direct association between cancer and obesity. Each year, more than 90,000 cancer deaths are caused by obesity or overweight. The dietary pattern in Crete, referred as the traditional Mediterranean diet, is believed to confer Crete people the low mortality rates from cancers. Nevertheless, the antiobesity effect of the Mediterranean diet is less studied. Given the causal relationship between obesity and cancer, the antiobesity effect of traditional Mediterranean diet might contribute to its anticancer effects. In this regard, we will critically review the anticancer and antiobesity effects of this diet and its dietary factors. The possible mechanisms underlying these effects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yee Kwan
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Tao Su
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Anfernee Kai Wing Tse
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wang Fun Fong
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- a Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
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Dervishi E, Zhang G, Dunn SM, Mandal R, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN. GC-MS Metabolomics Identifies Metabolite Alterations That Precede Subclinical Mastitis in the Blood of Transition Dairy Cows. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:433-446. [PMID: 28152597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine alterations in the serum metabolites related to amino acid (AA), carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism in transition dairy cows before diagnosis of subclinical mastitis (SCM), during, and after diagnosis of disease. A subclinical mastitis case was determined as a cow having somatic cell count (SCC) > 200 000/mL of milk for two or more consecutive reports. Blood samples were collected from 100 Holstein dairy cows at five time points at -8 and -4 weeks before parturition, at the week of SCM diagnosis, and +4 and +8 weeks after parturition. Twenty healthy control cows (CON) and six cows that were diagnosed with SCM were selected for serum analysis with GC-MS. At -8 weeks a total of 13 metabolites were significantly altered in SCM cows. In addition, at the week of SCM diagnosis 17 metabolites were altered in these cows. Four weeks after parturition 10 metabolites were altered in SCM cows and at +8 weeks 11 metabolites were found to be different between the two groups. Valine (Val), serine (Ser), tyrosine (Tyr), and phenylalanine (Phe) had very good predictive abilities for SCM and could be used at -8 weeks and -4 weeks before calving. Combination of Val, isoleucine (Ile), Ser, and proline (Pro) can be used as diagnostic biomarkers of SCM during early stages of lactation at +4 to +8 weeks after parturition. In conclusion, SCM is preceded and followed by alteration in AA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Dervishi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanshi Zhang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Suzanna M Dunn
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - David S Wishart
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Burim N Ametaj
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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Bertoni G, Trevisi E, Lombardelli R. Some new aspects of nutrition, health conditions and fertility of intensively reared dairy cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kampman-van de Hoek E, Jansman AJM, van den Borne JJGC, van der Peet-Schwering CMC, van Beers-Schreurs H, Gerrits WJJ. Dietary Amino Acid Deficiency Reduces the Utilization of Amino Acids for Growth in Growing Pigs after a Period of Poor Health. J Nutr 2016; 146:51-8. [PMID: 26609170 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.216044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During immune system activation, partitioning of amino acids (AAs) changes between protein gain and use by the immune system. OBJECTIVE We determined the effects of health status and dietary AA deficiency on nitrogen retention and AA utilization in pigs. METHODS Barrows (55 d of age) were obtained from good health (GH, n = 14) or poor health (PH, n = 14) status farms and allocated to a diet either adequate in essential amino acids (Adq) or 25% deficient in Met + Cys, Thr, and Trp (Def). Nitrogen balance was measured and AA irreversible loss rates (ILRs) were measured after an intravenous bolus of U-(13)C-labeled L-AAs. RESULTS On arrival at the experimental facilities, the PH pigs had 14% lower serum albumin and 50% greater serum haptoglobin and blood leukocyte counts than the GH pigs (P < 0.01), but the PH pigs showed signs of recovery during the trial. Total tract nitrogen digestibility was 3 percentage points lower in the PH pigs (P < 0.01). The PH-Adq pigs had compensatory body weight gain after arrival, coinciding with 7% greater nitrogen retention (P < 0.01) in the PH pigs than in the GH pigs. The PH pigs had a 24% greater ILR for Lys. Health status × diet interactions for Lys (P = 0.07), Val (P = 0.03), and Leu (P = 0.10) pool sizes and a greater urea pool size in the PH pigs (P = 0.01) support the observation that the increase in the ILR of Lys in the PH pigs was related to oxidation when feeding the Def diet, but to synthesis when feeding the Adq diet. Feeding Def diets increased monocyte counts by 30% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates how the competition for AAs between protein synthesis associated with immune system activation and body protein deposition is greater when the dietary supply of Met + Cys, Thr, and Trp is limited in pigs during and after a period of poor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kampman-van de Hoek
- Wageningen University & Research Centre Livestock Research, Wageningen, Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M Jansman
- Wageningen University & Research Centre Livestock Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Kurpad AV, Aeberli I. Under-Nutrition. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119211945.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Chen Y. Nutrition, immunity and viral infections in honey bees. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 10:170-176. [PMID: 29588005 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Viruses and other pathogens can spread rapidly in social insect colonies from close contacts among nestmates, food sharing and periods of confinement. Here we discuss how honey bees decrease the risk of disease outbreaks by a combination of behaviors (social immunity) and individual immune function. There is a relationship between the effectiveness of social and individual immunity and the nutritional state of the colony. Parasitic Varroa mites undermine the relationship because they reduce nutrient levels, suppress individual immune function and transmit viruses. Future research directions to better understand the dynamics of the nutrition-immunity relationship based on levels of stress, time of year and colony demographics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman
- Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States.
| | - Yanping Chen
- Bee Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
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36
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Rubab I, Ali S. Dried fruit extract ofTerminalia chebulamodulates the immune response in mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1055554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Majdalawieh AF, Fayyad MW. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action of Nigella sativa and thymoquinone: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:295-304. [PMID: 26117430 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many herbal products are now used as remedies to treat various infectious and non-infectious conditions. Even though the use of herbs and natural products is much more evident in the Eastern world, their use in Western cultures is continuously increasing. Although the immunomodulatory effects of some herbs have been extensively studied, research related to possible immunomodulatory effects of many herbs and various spices is relatively scarce. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of Nigella sativa, also known as black seed or black cumin, and its major active ingredient, thymoquinone (TQ). This review article focuses on analyzing in vitro and in vivo experimental findings that were reported with regard to the ability of N. sativa and TQ to modulate inflammation, cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses, and Th1/Th2 paradigm. The reported capability of N. sativa to augment the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells against cancer cells is also emphasized. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying such immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of N. sativa and TQ are highlighted. Moreover, the signal transduction pathways implicated in the immunoregulatory functions of N. sativa and TQ are underscored. Experimental evidence suggests that N. sativa extracts and TQ can potentially be employed in the development of effective therapeutic agents towards the regulation of immune reactions implicated in various infectious and non-infectious conditions including different types of allergy, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin F Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muneera W Fayyad
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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Induced lung inflammation and dietary protein supply affect nitrogen retention and amino acid metabolism in growing pigs. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:414-25. [PMID: 25604632 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is hypothesised that during immune system activation, there is a competition for amino acids (AA) between body protein deposition and immune system functioning. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effect of immune system activation on N retention and AA metabolism in growing pigs, depending on dietary protein supply. A total of sixteen barrows received an adequate (Ad) or restricted (Res) amount of dietary protein, and were challenged at day 0 with intravenous complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). At days - 5, 3 and 8, an irreversible loss rate (ILR) of eight AA was determined. CFA successfully activated the immune system, as indicated by a 2- to 4-fold increase in serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins (APP). Pre-challenge C-reactive protein concentrations were lower (P< 0·05) and pre- and post-challenge albumin tended to be lower in Res-pigs. These findings indicate that a restricted protein supply can limit the acute-phase response. CFA increased urinary N losses (P= 0·04) and tended to reduce N retention in Ad-pigs, but not in Res-pigs (P= 0·07). The ILR for Val was lower (P= 0·05) at day 8 than at day 3 in the post-challenge period. The ILR of most AA, except for Trp, were strongly affected by dietary protein supply and positively correlated with N retention. The correlations between the ILR and APP indices were absent or negative, indicating that changes in AA utilisation for APP synthesis were either not substantial or more likely outweighed by a decrease in muscle protein synthesis during immune system activation in growing pigs.
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Optimal screening of children with acute malnutrition requires a change in current WHO guidelines as MUAC and WHZ identify different patient groups. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101159. [PMID: 24983995 PMCID: PMC4077752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely treatment of acute malnutrition in children <5 years of age could prevent >500,000 deaths annually. Screening at community level is essential to identify children with malnutrition. Current WHO guidelines for community screening for malnutrition recommend a Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) of <115 mm to identify severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, it is currently unclear how MUAC relates to the other indicator used to define acute malnutrition: weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ). METHODS Secondary data from >11,000 Cambodian children, obtained by different surveys between 2010 and 2012, was used to calculate sensitivity and ROC curves for MUAC and WHZ. FINDINGS The secondary analysis showed that using the current WHO cut-off of 115 mm for screening for severe acute malnutrition over 90% of children with a weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) <-3 would have been missed. Reversely, WHZ<-3 missed 80% of the children with a MUAC<115 mm. CONCLUSIONS The current WHO cut-off for screening for SAM should be changed upwards from the current 115 mm. In the Cambodian data-set, a cut-off of 133 mm would allow inclusion of >65% of children with a WHZ<-3. Importantly, MUAC and WHZ identified different sub-groups of children with acute malnutrition, therefore these 2 indicators should be regarded as independent from each other. We suggest a 2-step model with MUAC used a screening at community level, followed by MUAC and WHZ measured at a primary health care unit, with both indicators used independently to diagnose severe acute malnutrition. Current guidelines should be changed to reflect this, with treatment initiated when either MUAC <115 mm or WHZ<-3.
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Hamlin HJ, Lowers RH, Kohno S, Mitsui-Watanabe N, Amano H, Hara A, Ohta Y, Miyagawa S, Iguchi T, Guillette LJ. The reproductive hormone cycle of adult female American alligators from a barrier island population. Reproduction 2014; 147:855-63. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Comparatively, little data are available detailing the geographic variation that exists in the reproductive endocrinology of adult alligators, especially those living in barrier islands. The Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MI) is a unique barrier island environment and home to the Kennedy Space Center (FL, USA). Seasonal patterns of sex steroids were assessed in adult female American alligators from MI monthly from 2008 to 2009, with additional samples collected at more random intervals in 2006, 2007, and 2010. Plasma 17β-estradiol and vitellogenin concentrations peaked in April, coincident with courtship and mating, and showed patterns similar to those observed in adult female alligators in other regions. Plasma concentrations of progesterone, however, showed patterns distinctly different than those reported for alligator populations in other regions and remained relatively constant throughout the year. Plasma DHEA peaked in July around the time of oviposition, decreased in August, and then remained constant for the remaining months, except for a moderate increase in October. Circulating concentrations of DHEA have not been previously assessed in a female crocodilian, and plasma concentrations coincident with reproductive activity suggest a reproductive and/or behavioral role. Interestingly, plasma testosterone concentrations peaked in May of 2008, as has been shown in female alligator populations in other regions, but showed no peak in 2009, demonstrating dramatic variability from year to year. Surveys showed 2009 to be particularly depauperate of alligator nests in MI, and it is possible that testosterone could serve as a strong indicator of breeding success.
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Zhang G, Ducatelle R, Pasmans F, D’Herde K, Huang L, Smet A, Haesebrouck F, Flahou B. Effects of Helicobacter suis γ-glutamyl transpeptidase on lymphocytes: modulation by glutamine and glutathione supplementation and outer membrane vesicles as a putative delivery route of the enzyme. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77966. [PMID: 24147103 PMCID: PMC3797756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter (H.) suis colonizes the stomach of the majority of pigs as well as a minority of humans worldwide. Infection causes chronic inflammation in the stomach of the host, however without an effective clearance of the bacteria. Currently, no information is available about possible mechanisms H. suis utilizes to interfere with the host immune response. This study describes the effect on various lymphocytes of the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) from H. suis. Compared to whole cell lysate from wild-type H. suis, lysate from a H. suis ggt mutant strain showed a decrease of the capacity to inhibit Jurkat T cell proliferation. Incubation of Jurkat T cells with recombinantly expressed H. suis GGT resulted in an impaired proliferation, and cell death was shown to be involved. A similar but more pronounced inhibitory effect was also seen on primary murine CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and CD19(+) B cells. Supplementation with known GGT substrates was able to modulate the observed effects. Glutamine restored normal proliferation of the cells, whereas supplementation with reduced glutathione strengthened the H. suis GGT-mediated inhibition of proliferation. H. suis GGT treatment abolished secretion of IL-4 and IL-17 by CD4(+) T cells, without affecting secretion of IFN-γ. Finally, H. suis outer membrane vesicles (OMV) were identified as a possible delivery route of H. suis GGT to lymphocytes residing in the deeper mucosal layers. Thus far, this study is the first to report that the effects on lymphocytes of this enzyme, not only important for H. suis metabolism but also for that of other Helicobacter species, depend on the degradation of two specific substrates: glutamine and reduced glutatione. This will provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of H. suis infection in particular and infection with gastric helicobacters in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katharina D’Herde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Rubab I, Routray I, Mahmood A, Bashir S, Shinkafi TS, Khan F, Ali S. Mineral pitch stimulates humoral, cellular and innate immune responses in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:997-1007. [PMID: 23750745 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.774027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mineral pitch (MP), a traditional medicine, is proposed to boost immunity in conditions that suppress Th1 cytokines such as AIDS/HIV, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis and cancer. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the immunoregulatory mechanisms of MP in innate, humoral and cell-mediated immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice given MP (100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg, orally) for 10 consecutive days were immunized intravenously with goat RBC or ovalbumin, and investigated for plaque-forming cells (PFC), hemagglutination titer, hypersensitivity response, lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage function. RESULTS MP increased PFC (330.2 versus 182.2/10⁶ splenocytes) in mice immunized with goat RBC and elicited ovalbumin-specific IgG titer at 400 mg/kg. Increase in Th1 immunity was correlated with the increased level of IFN-γ (724 versus 470 pg/ml) and decreased IL-4 (96 versus 178 pg/ml). CD4⁺/CD3⁺ ratio and delayed-type hypersensitivity response also increased to, respectively, 20.62 ± 0.59 (versus 16.47 ± 0.72) and 1.59 ± 0.12 (versus 0.87 ± 0.10 mm) in MP-treated mice. MP increased lymphocyte proliferation (11.14 ± 0.60 versus 5.81 ± 0.40 SI) and macrophage phagocyte response (0.24 ± 0.02 versus 0.15 ± 0.009), expressed as absorbance at 570 nm, but decreased nitrite production (17.4 ± 1.10 versus 24.3 ± 1.30 µM/10⁶ cells). We also observed an increased bone marrow cellularity (24.5 ± 1.10 versus 17.10 ± 0.70 cells/femur) and WBC count (12 667 ± 377 versus 9178 ± 213 cells/mm³) following MP treatment. There was no sign of toxicity at 400 mg/kg, 1/12th of reported LD₅₀. CONCLUSION MP elicits a dose-dependent Th1 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrina Rubab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard-Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Giger-Pabst U, Lange J, Maurer C, Bucher C, Schreiber V, Schlumpf R, Kocher T, Schweizer W, Krähenbühl S, Krähenbühl L. Short-term preoperative supplementation of an immunoenriched diet does not improve clinical outcome in well-nourished patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery. Nutrition 2013; 29:724-9. [PMID: 23352174 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent study suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of immunonutrition starts after only two d. We therefore investigated the effect of an immunoenriched oral diet administered for three d preoperatively. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, well-nourished patients (Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 <3) with gastrointestinal cancer who were scheduled for major elective abdominal cancer surgery were randomly assigned to either 750 mL of an immunoenriched formula (IEF group) or 750 mL of an isocaloric, isonitrogenous placebo diet (Con group) for 3 consecutive d preoperatively. RESULTS A total of 108 patients (IEF group: n = 55; Con group: n = 53) were randomized. The two groups were comparable for all baseline and surgical characteristics. The overall mortality was 2.8% and not significantly different between the two groups (IEF group: 3.6% vs. Con group: 1.9%, P = 1.00). Intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference for the incidence of postoperative overall (IEF group: 29% vs. Con group: 30%; P = 1.00) and infectious (IEF group: 15% vs. Con group: 17%; P = 0.79) complications. Length of hospital stay was 12 ± 4.9 d in the IEF group and 11.6 ± 5.3 d in the Con group (P = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative oral supplementation with an immunoenriched diet for 3 d preoperatively did not improve postoperative outcome compared with the placebo in well-nourished patients with elective gastrointestinal cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Giger-Pabst
- Department of Surgery, Marienhospital Herne, Clinic of the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
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Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Ollberding NJ, Kolar C, Lawson TA, Smith SM, Weisenburger DD, Chiu BCH. Meat intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:1681-92. [PMID: 22890783 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a population-based, case-control study to test the hypothesis that consumption of meat and meat-related mutagens increases the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and whether the associations are modified by N-acetyltransferase (NAT) 1 and 2. Participants (336 cases and 460 controls) completed a 117-item food frequency questionnaire. The risk of NHL was associated with a higher intake of red meat (OR = 1.5; CI, 1.1-2.2), total fat (OR = 1.4; CI, 1.0-2.1), and oleic acid (OR = 1.5; CI, 1.0-2.2). NHL risk was also associated with a higher intake of very well-done pork (OR = 2.5; 95 % CI, 1.4-4.3) and the meat-related mutagen MeIQx (OR = 1.6; 95 % CI, 1.1-2.3). Analyses of the major NHL histologic subtypes showed a positive association between diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and higher intake of red meat (OR = 2.1; 95 % CI, 1.1-3.9) and the association was largely due to meat-related mutagens as a positive association was observed for higher intakes of both MeIQx (OR = 2.4; 95 % CI, 1.2-4.6) and DiMeIQx (OR = 1.9; 95 % CI, 1.0-3.5). Although the OR for follicular lymphoma (FL) was also increased with a higher red meat intake (OR = 1.9; 95 % CI, 1.1-3.3), the association appeared to be due to increased oleic acid (OR = 1.7; 95 % CI: 0.9-3.1). We found no evidence that polymorphisms in NAT1 or NAT2 modify the association between NHL and meat-related mutagens. Our results provide further evidence that red meat consumption is associated with an increase in NHL risk, and new evidence that the specific components of meat, namely fat and meat-related mutagens, may be impacting NHL subtype risk differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, N101B, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Cavalcante AAM, Campelo MWS, de Vasconcelos MPP, Ferreira CM, Guimarães SB, Garcia JHP, de Vasconcelos PRL. Enteral nutrition supplemented with l-glutamine in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to pulmonary infection. Nutrition 2012; 28:397-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bulté G, Robinson SA, Forbes MR, Marcogliese DJ. Is there such thing as a parasite free lunch? The direct and indirect consequences of eating invasive prey. ECOHEALTH 2012; 9:6-16. [PMID: 22451166 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-012-0757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As the number of invasive species increases globally, more and more native predators are reported to shift their diet toward invasive prey. The consequences of such diet shifts for the health of populations of native predators are poorly studied, but diet shifts are expected to have important parasitological and immunological consequences, ultimately affecting predator fitness. We reviewed evidence that diet shifts from native to invasive prey can alter parasite exposure directly and also indirectly affect immune functions via changes in condition and contaminant exposure. We highlight relevant conceptual and methodological tools that should be used for the design of experiments aimed at exploring important links between invasive prey and parasitism, contaminants and fitness of their native predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Bulté
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Ziegler FLF, Castro GA, Moreno YMF, Oya V, Vilela MMDS, Sgarbieri VC. Partial chemical and functional characterization of milk whey products obtained by different processes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612012005000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein samples (S-1 to S-5) were tested in vivo and in vitro for nutritional properties and selected bioactivities. Weanling male Wistar rats fed modified AIN-93G (12 g protein.100 g-1) diets for 21 days were used the in vivo studies. The nutritional parameters did not differ among the protein diets tested. Erythrocyte glutathione content was considered high and was higher for S-3, but liver glutathione was the same for all dietary groups. For S-3, cytokine secretion (IL-10 and TNF-α) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in RPMI-1640 medium) was higher in the absence of antigen than in the presence of BCG antigen. Interleukin-4 secretion was repressed in all treatments. The IC50, whey protein concentration required to inhibit 50% of the melanoma cell proliferation, was 2.68 mg.mL-1 of culture medium for the S-3 sample and 3.66 mg.mL-1 for the S-2 sample. Based on these results, it was concluded that S-3 (whey protein concentrate enriched with TGF-β and lactoferrin) produced better nutritional and immunological responses than the other products tested.
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Prins A, Visser J. Immunonutrition: a South African perspective. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2012.11734414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lipid Replacement and Antioxidant Nutritional Therapy for Restoring Mitochondrial Function and Reducing Fatigue in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Other Fatiguing Illnesses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1300/j092v13n01_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Matte J, LeFloc’h N, Primot Y, Lessard M. Interaction between dietary tryptophan and pyridoxine on tryptophan metabolism, immune responses and growth performance in post-weaning pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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