1
|
Yuan Y, Zou M, Wu S, Liu C, Hao L. Recent advances in nanomaterials for the treatment of femoral head necrosis. Hum Cell 2024:10.1007/s13577-024-01102-w. [PMID: 38995503 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a condition that causes considerable pain and discomfort for patients, and its pathogenic mechanisms are not yet fully understood. While there have been many studies that suggest multiple factors may contribute to its development, current treatments involve both surgical and nonsurgical options. However, there is still much room for improvement in these treatment methods, particularly when it comes to preventing postoperative complications and optimizing surgical procedures. Nanomaterials, as a type of small molecule material, have shown great promise in treating bone tissue diseases, including ONFH. In fact, several nanocomposite materials have demonstrated specific effects in preventing ONFH, promoting bone tissue repair and growth, and optimizing surgical treatment. This article provides a comprehensive overview of current treatments for ONFH, including their advantages and limitations, and reviews the latest advances in nanomaterials for treating this condition. Additionally, this article explores the therapeutic mechanisms involved in using nanomaterials to treat ONFH and to identify new methods and ideas for improving outcomes for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Mi Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shuqin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang M, Du P, Wan J, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang Y. Effects of sodium dehydroacetate on broiler chicken bones. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103834. [PMID: 38805999 PMCID: PMC11150974 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium dehydroacetate (DHA-Na) is a fungicidal preservative widely used in food and animal feed. DHA-Na can induce coagulation disorders in rats and poultry by inhibiting carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins; it can also impair bone development in zebrafish. However, the effects of DHA-Na on broiler chicken bones remain unknown. Here, we assessed whether DHA-Na impairs bone development in broiler chickens. We administered Suji yellow chickens with 200 to 800 mg/kg DHA-Na, 2 mg/kg vitamin K, or both for 2 mo. Bone metabolite-related serum indicators, tissue micromorphology, and relevant protein expression were monitored during the treatment period. We also assessed primary chicken osteoblast activity, differentiation, and bone metabolite-related proteins after treatment with DHA-Na, vitamin K, or both. The results demonstrated that DHA-Na reduced bone index values and serum and bone osteoblast differentiation marker levels but blocked bone vitamin K cycle. DHA-Na also increased serum osteoclast differentiation marker levels, as well as the bone ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand to osteoprotegerin ratio. Moreover, DHA-Na reduced bone trabecular number, thickness, and area and increased trabecular separation considerably. In general, compared with the control group, the DHA-Na group demonstrated impairments in osteoblast activity and differentiation, as well as in the vitamin K cycle. By contrast, vitamin K supplementation led to considerable attenuation of the DHA-Na-induced decrease in osteogenic marker levels, along with a considerable increase in serum bone absorption marker levels and restoration of DHA-Na-induced bone microstructure damage. Vitamin K also attenuated DHA-Na-induced impairment in osteoclasts. In conclusion, the results indicated that in broiler chickens, DHA-Na supplementation can damage bones by inhibiting osteoblast function and increasing osteoclast activity; this damage can be prevented through vitamin K supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jin Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of dietary vitamin K3 levels on growth, coagulation, calcium content, and antioxidant capacity in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
4
|
Liu Y, Mosenthin R, Zhao L, Zhang J, Ji C, Ma Q. Vitamin K alleviates bone calcium loss caused by Salmonella Enteritidis through carboxylation of osteocalcin. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:80. [PMID: 34253252 PMCID: PMC8276384 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of vitamin K (VK) supplementation on bone health of laying hens challenged by Salmonella Enteritidis. Methods A total of 80 32-week-old double negative salmonella-free brown-egg laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 20 replicates each (1 bird per replicate) according to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 dietary VK supplementation levels [0 mg/kg (VK0) vs 2 mg/kg VK (VK2) and 2 challenge treatments [Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) vs physiological saline solution (PS)]. During the last 3 days of week 43 of age, birds of both VK treatments were either orally challenged with 1.0 mL suspension of 109 cfu/mL S. Enteritidis daily or received the same volume of PS. Results The laying rate, daily egg mass, tibia strength, CT, cOC and cOC/(cOC + ucOC) of VK2 treatment increased (P < 0.05) in contrast to VK0, however, the medullary area and ucOC of VK2 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) in contrast to VK0. Mortality, medullary area, serum Ca content of SE treatments increased (P < 0.05) in contrast to PS treatments. In both SE treatments, the decrease (P < 0.05) in birds’ tibia strength was associated with higher (P < 0.05) Ca levels in serum. There is an interaction (P < 0.05) between SE challenge and VK levels with regard to tibia strength and serum Ca levels. At week 42, serum CT was positively correlated with cOC (R = 0.99, P = 0.009); at week 44, tibia strength was positively correlated with BMD (R = 0.95, P = 0.045), but negatively correlated with medullary area (R = − 0.98, P = 0.018). Conclusions VK (2 mg/kg) supplementation to diets of laying hens can enhance bone strength under challenge situations with Salmonella Enteritidis. Medullary area has proven to be a sensitive biomarker for bone calcium loss caused by SE infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rainer Mosenthin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin C, Li Z, Li Y, Wang S, Li L, Liu M, Ye J. Transcriptome analysis of terpenoid biosynthetic genes and simple sequence repeat marker screening in Eucommia ulmoides. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1979-1990. [PMID: 32040708 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trans-polyisoprene rubber is produced in the tissues of leaves, bark, and fruit of Eucommia ulmoides and is considered an important energy source. Transcript profiles of two tissues from E. ulmoides cv. Qinzhong No. 3, leaf and fruit, were analysed using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 system. In total, 104 million clean reads were obtained and assembled into 58,863 unigenes. Through gene functional classification, 28,091 unigenes (47.72%) were annotated and 65 unigenes have been hypothesized to encode proteins involved in terpenoid biosynthesis. In addition, 10,041 unigenes were detected as differentially expressed unigenes, and 29 of them were putatively related to terpenoid biosynthesis. The synthesis of trans-polyisoprene rubbers in E. ulmoides was hypothesised to be dominated by the mevalonate pathway. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase 2 (FPPS2) was considered a key component in the biosynthesis of trans-polyprenyl diphosphate. Rubber elongation factor 3 (REF3) might be involved in stabilising the membrane of rubber particles in E. ulmoides. To date, 351 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were validated as polymorphisms from eight E. ulmoides plants (two parent plants and six F1 individuals), and these could act as molecular markers for genetic map density increase and breeding improvement of E. ulmoides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cangfu Jin
- Academy of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhouqi Li
- Academy of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Academy of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Forestry College, Fujian A&F University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Academy of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Yantai Forestry Science Institute, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Long Li
- Academy of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minhao Liu
- Academy of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Academy of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cerani A, Zhou S, Forgetta V, Morris JA, Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F, Larsson SC, Michaëlsson K, Richards JB. Genetic predisposition to increased serum calcium, bone mineral density, and fracture risk in individuals with normal calcium levels: mendelian randomisation study. BMJ 2019; 366:l4410. [PMID: 31371314 PMCID: PMC6669416 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l4410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if genetically increased serum calcium levels are associated with improved bone mineral density and a reduction in osteoporotic fractures. DESIGN Mendelian randomisation study. SETTING Cohorts used included: the UK Biobank cohort, providing genotypic and estimated bone mineral density data; 25 cohorts from UK, USA, Europe, and China, providing genotypic and fracture data; and 17 cohorts from Europe, providing genotypic and serum calcium data (summary level statistics). PARTICIPANTS A genome-wide association meta-analysis of serum calcium levels in up to 61 079 individuals was used to identify genetic determinants of serum calcium levels. The UK Biobank study was used to assess the association of genetic predisposition to increased serum calcium with estimated bone mineral density derived from heel ultrasound in 426 824 individuals who had, on average, calcium levels in the normal range. A fracture genome-wide association meta-analysis comprising 24 cohorts and the UK Biobank including a total of 76 549 cases and 470 164 controls, who, on average, also had calcium levels in the normal range was then performed. RESULTS A standard deviation increase in genetically derived serum calcium (0.13 mmol/L or 0.51 mg/dL) was not associated with increased estimated bone mineral density (0.003 g/cm2, 95% confidence interval -0.059 to 0.066; P=0.92) or a reduced risk of fractures (odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.15; P=0.85) in inverse-variance weighted mendelian randomisation analyses. Sensitivity analyses did not provide evidence of pleiotropic effects. CONCLUSIONS Genetic predisposition to increased serum calcium levels in individuals with normal calcium levels is not associated with an increase in estimated bone mineral density and does not provide clinically relevant protection against fracture. Whether such predisposition mimics the effect of short term calcium supplementation is not known. Given that the same genetically derived increase in serum calcium is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, widespread calcium supplementation in the general population could provide more risk than benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Cerani
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Suite H-413, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sirui Zhou
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Suite H-413, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Forgetta
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John A Morris
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Suite H-413, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lleras-Forero L, Winkler C, Schulte-Merker S. Zebrafish and medaka as models for biomedical research of bone diseases. Dev Biol 2019; 457:191-205. [PMID: 31325453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of disease-causing mutations has in recent years progressed immensely due to whole genome sequencing approaches using patient material. The task accordingly is shifting from gene identification to functional analysis of putative disease-causing genes, preferably in an in vivo setting which also allows testing of drug candidates or biotherapeutics in whole animal disease models. In this review, we highlight the advances made in the field of bone diseases using small laboratory fish, focusing on zebrafish and medaka. We particularly highlight those human conditions where teleost models are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lleras-Forero
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster, Germany; CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003-CiM), Münster, Germany.
| | - C Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 04, 117558 Singapore
| | - S Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, 48149 Münster, Germany; CiM Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003-CiM), Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hatziparasides G, Loukou I, Moustaki M, Douros K. Vitamin K and cystic fibrosis: A gordian knot that deserves our attention. Respir Med 2019; 155:36-42. [PMID: 31295676 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited genetic disorder with multiorgan involvement. Gastrointestinal tract dysfunction leads to fat and fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) malabsorption and deficiency of these vitamins. Subclinical vitamin K (VK) deficiency seems to be a common problem in CF patients. However, despite the rest of fat-soluble vitamins being routinely supplemented, this is not a universal clinical practice for VK. Inefficient levels of VK may have significant effects on blood coagulation and bone formation. There are also some data indicating that VK may play a key role on regulation of inflammation. Supplementing CF patients with VK seems rational, but the appropriate dosing regimens are still a matter of debate. This review will try to delineate the problem and communicate the latest opinions on this controversial issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorios Hatziparasides
- Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital "Attikon", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Loukou
- Cystic Fibrosis Dept, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Moustaki
- Cystic Fibrosis Dept, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Douros
- Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital "Attikon", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dey Bhowmik A, Chattopadhyay A. A review on fluoride induced organotoxicity and genotoxicity in mammals and zebrafish. THE NUCLEUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-019-00272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
10
|
Wen L, Chen J, Duan L, Li S. Vitamin K‑dependent proteins involved in bone and cardiovascular health (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3-15. [PMID: 29749440 PMCID: PMC6059683 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In postmenopausal women and elderly men, bone density decreases with age and vascular calcification is aggravated. This condition is closely associated with vitamin K2 deficiency. A total of 17 different vitamin K-dependent proteins have been identified to date. Vitamin K-dependent proteins are located within the bone, heart and blood vessels. For instance, carboxylated osteocalcin is beneficial for bone and aids the deposition of calcium into the bone matrix. Carboxylated matrix Gla protein effectively protects blood vessels and may prevent calcification within the vascular wall. Furthermore, carboxylated Gla-rich protein has been reported to act as an inhibitor in the calcification of the cardiovascular system, while growth arrest-specific protein-6 protects endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, resists apoptosis and inhibits the calcification of blood vessels by inhibiting the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, periostin may promote the differentiation, aggregation, adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. Periostin also occurs in the heart and may be associated with the reconstruction of heart function. These vitamin K-dependent proteins may exert their functions following γ-carboxylation with vitamin K, and different vitamin K-dependent proteins may exhibit synergistic effects or antagonistic effects on each other. In the cardiovascular system with vitamin K antagonist supplement or vitamin K deficiency, calcification occurs in the endothelium of blood vessels and vascular smooth muscle cells are transformed into osteoblast-like cells, a phenomenon that resembles bone growth. Both the bone and cardiovascular system are closely associated during embryonic development. Thus, the present study hypothesized that embryonic developmental position and tissue calcification may have a certain association for the bone and the cardiovascular system. This review describes and briefly discusses several important vitamin K-dependent proteins that serve an important role in bone and the cardiovascular system. The results of the review suggest that the vascular calcification and osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells may be associated with the location of the bone and cardiovascular system during embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianpu Wen
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jiepeng Chen
- Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Duan
- Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shantou, Guangdong 515000, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhuang Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fusaro M, Mereu MC, Aghi A, Iervasi G, Gallieni M. Vitamin K and bone. CLINICAL CASES IN MINERAL AND BONE METABOLISM : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF OSTEOPOROSIS, MINERAL METABOLISM, AND SKELETAL DISEASES 2017; 14:200-206. [PMID: 29263734 PMCID: PMC5726210 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2017.14.1.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K is mainly known as an agent involved in blood coagulation, maintaining the activity of coagulation factors in the liver. In addition, epidemiological studies suggested that a lack of vitamin K is associated with several diseases, including osteoporosis and vascular calcification. There are two main kinds of vitamin K: Phylloquinone (or PK) and Menaquinones (MKn), both act as co-enzyme of y-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) transforming under-carboxylated in carboxylated vitamin K dependent proteins, such as Bone Gla Protein (or Osteocalcin) and Matrix Gla Protein. Recently, Vitamin K was also identified as a ligand of the nuclear steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) (in murine species Pregnane X Receptor: PXR), expressed in osteoblasts. The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the protective role of Vitamin K in bone and vascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fusaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Aghi
- Department of Medicine, Medical Clinic 1, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gallieni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “San Carlo Borromeo” Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Girgis CM. Integrated therapies for osteoporosis and sarcopenia: from signaling pathways to clinical trials. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:243-55. [PMID: 25633430 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are two sides of the same coin. They represent different aspects of the same age-related process of musculoskeletal atrophy and together culminate in falls, fractures, deconditioning, and increased mortality in older individuals. However, the current therapeutic approach to the prevention of minimal trauma fracture is unilateral and focuses solely on bone. In theory, an integrated approach that recognizes the interaction between muscle and bone could break the vicious cycle of their combined involution and more effectively minimize falls/fractures. In this review, signaling pathways and cross-talk mechanisms that integrate bone/muscle, and the emergence of novel therapies that exploit these pathways to target osteoporosis/sarcopenia will be discussed. In broad terms, these agents act on nuclear receptors (e.g., VDR, AR) or transmembrane receptors (e.g., activins, GH/IGF-1) expressed in muscle and bone, and seek to alter biologic responses to musculoskeletal aging, loading, and injury. Challenges in the development of these dual bone-muscle therapies, early clinical trials examining their safety/efficacy, and novel targets that hold promise in the reversal of musculoskeletal aging will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoon YK, Kim AR, Kim OY, Lee K, Suh YJ, Cho SR. Factors affecting bone mineral density in adults with cerebral palsy. Ann Rehabil Med 2012; 36:770-5. [PMID: 23342308 PMCID: PMC3546178 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2012.36.6.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To clarify factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Method Thirty-five patients with CP participated in this study. Demographic data including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), subtype according to neuromotor type and topographical distribution, ambulatory function, and functional independence measure (FIM) were investigated. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femur were measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the factors affecting BMD were analyzed. Results The BMD had no significant association with factors such as gender, age, and subtype in adults with CP. However, BMI was significantly correlated with the BMD of lumbar spine and femur (p<0.05). The FIM score was also positively correlated with the BMD of femur (p<0.05). Moreover, CP patients with higher ambulatory function had significantly higher BMD of femur (p<0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that BMI and functional levels such as FIM and ambulatory function can affect BMD in adults with CP. The results might be used as basic data, suggesting the importance of treatment including weight bearing exercise and gait training in adults with CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwon Yoon
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsai PW, De Castro-Cruz KA, Shen CC, Ragasa CY. Chemical constituents of Broussonetia luzonicus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.31.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Fusaro M, Crepaldi G, Miozzo D, Gravellone L, Gallieni M. Effects of vitamin K intake on gamma-carboxylated proteins, bone fractures, and vascular calcifications. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1637-8; author reply 1639-40. [PMID: 21681610 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Fusaro M, Crepaldi G, Maggi S, Galli F, D'Angelo A, Calò L, Giannini S, Miozzo D, Gallieni M. Vitamin K, bone fractures, and vascular calcifications in chronic kidney disease: an important but poorly studied relationship. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:317-23. [PMID: 21088475 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K denotes a group of lipophilic vitamins determining post-translational modification of proteins. There are 2 main forms of vitamin K: vitamin K1 (phylloquinone, found in vegetables); vitamin K2 (menaquinone, produced by bacteria in the intestine and in fermented foods). Vitamin K stores are limited in humans, but it can be recycled. Vitamin K1 is principally transported to the liver, regulating the production of coagulation factors. Vitamin K2, instead, is also transported to extra-hepatic tissues, such as bone and arteries, regulating the activity of matrix Gla-protein (MGP) and osteocalcin [bone Gla-protein (BGP)]. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular mortality is the first cause of death. Some pathogenetic mechanisms of vascular calcification (such as hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, role of vitamin D) have been widely investigated, but the potential role of vitamin K is still uncertain. Vitamin K could play a key role, as it transforms glutamic acid residues into γ-carboxyglutamic acid, through a carboxylation process, makings both MGP (cMGP) and BGP (cBGP) biologically active. cMGP inhibits vascular calcifications (VC), while cBGP has an important role for a proper mineralization process. Uncarboxylated MGP and BGP (ucMGP and ucBGP) concentrations are indirect markers of vitamin K2 deficiency. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current literature to understand the relationship between vitamin K2 status, fragility fractures and VC in CKD patients. This analysis could be of help in planning investigations of Vitamin K status and its possible supplementation in CKD patients to avert fragility fractures and VC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fusaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinica Medica 1, University of Padua, Policlinico IV piano, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nieves JW, Melsop K, Curtis M, Kelsey JL, Bachrach LK, Greendale G, Sowers MF, Sainani KL. Nutritional factors that influence change in bone density and stress fracture risk among young female cross-country runners. PM R 2010; 2:740-50; quiz 794. [PMID: 20709302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns associated with stress fracture risk and changes in bone density among young female distance runners. DESIGN AND SETTING Two-year, prospective cohort study. Observational data were collected in the course of a multicenter randomized trial of the effect of oral contraceptives on bone health. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and twenty-five female competitive distance runners ages 18-26 years. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS Dietary variables were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Bone mineral density and content (BMD/BMC) of the spine, hip, and total body were measured annually by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Stress fractures were recorded on monthly calendars, and had to be confirmed by radiograph, bone scan, or magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Seventeen participants had at least one stress fracture during follow-up. Higher intakes of calcium, skim milk, and dairy products were associated with lower rates of stress fracture. Each additional cup of skim milk consumed per day was associated with a 62% reduction in stress fracture incidence (P < .05); and a dietary pattern of high dairy and low fat intake was associated with a 68% reduction (P < .05). Higher intakes of skim milk, dairy foods, calcium, animal protein, and potassium were associated with significant (P < .05) gains in whole-body BMD and BMC. Higher intakes of calcium, vitamin D, skim milk, dairy foods, potassium, and a dietary pattern of high dairy and low fat were associated with significant gains in hip BMD. CONCLUSIONS In young female runners, low-fat dairy products and the major nutrients in milk (calcium, vitamin D, and protein) were associated with greater bone gains and a lower stress fracture rate. Potassium intake was also associated with greater gains in hip and whole-body BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeri W Nieves
- Clinical Research Center, Helen Hayes Hospital, Route 9W, West Haverstraw, NY 10993, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Evaluation of milk basic protein supplementation on bone density and bone metabolism in Chinese young women. Eur J Nutr 2009; 48:301-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-009-0014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
20
|
Yamamichi N, Pugdee K, Chang WJ, Lee SY, Yoshinari M, Hayakawa T, Abiko Y. Gene expression monitoring in osteoblasts on titanium coated with fibronectin-derived peptide. Dent Mater J 2009; 27:744-50. [PMID: 18972793 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.27.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced adhesion and migration of osteoblastic cells on titanium (Ti) surface is believed to increase the success rate of implant therapy. A GRGDSP peptide derived from fibronectin was coated on Ti surfaces using a tresyl chloride activation technique, and then MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were cultured on the Ti surfaces. After 15 days, total RNA was isolated from the cells and gene expression level were analyzed by Affymetrix GeneChip system. The expression levels of many genes in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on GRGDSP-coated Ti surface were altered when compared to uncoated Ti. In particular, the elevated mRNA levels of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OC) were successfully confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. In light of the results obtained, GRGDSP-coated Ti presented the potential of evolving into a useful biomaterial for successful implant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yamamichi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jugdaohsingh R, Calomme MR, Robinson K, Nielsen F, Anderson SHC, D'Haese P, Geusens P, Loveridge N, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ. Increased longitudinal growth in rats on a silicon-depleted diet. Bone 2008; 43:596-606. [PMID: 18550464 PMCID: PMC2832730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Silicon-deficiency studies in growing animals in the early 1970s reported stunted growth and profound defects in bone and other connective tissues. However, more recent attempts to replicate these findings have found mild alterations in bone metabolism without any adverse health effects. Thus the biological role of silicon remains unknown. Using a specifically formulated silicon-depleted diet and modern methods for silicon analysis and assessment of skeletal development, we undertook, through international collaboration between silicon researchers, an extensive study of long-term silicon depletion on skeletal development in an animal. 21-day old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=20) were fed a silicon-depleted diet (3.2 microg Si/g feed) for 26 weeks and their growth and skeletal development were compared with identical rats (n=10) on the same diet but with silicon added as Si(OH)(4) to their drinking water (53.2 microg Si/g water); total silicon intakes were 24 times different. A third group of rats, receiving a standard rodent stock feed (322 microg Si/g feed) and tap water (5 microg Si/g water), served as a reference group for optimal growth. A series of anthropometric and bone quality measures were undertaken during and following the study. Fasting serum silicon concentrations and especially urinary silicon excretion were significantly lower in the silicon-deprived group compared to the supplemented group (P=0.03 and 0.004, respectively). Tibia and soft-tissue silicon contents did not differ between the two groups, but tibia silicon levels were significantly lower compared to the reference group (P<0.0001). Outward adverse health effects were not observed in the silicon-deprived group. However, body lengths from week 18 onwards (P<0.05) and bone lengths at necropsy (P=0.002) were longer in this group. Moreover, these measures correlated inversely with serum silicon concentrations (P=0.02). A reduction in bone growth plate thickness and an apparent increase in chondrocyte density were also observed in the silicon-deprived animals. No other differences were observed between the two groups, except for tibia phosphorus concentrations, which were lower in the silicon-deprived animals (P=0.0003). Thus in this study we were unable to reproduce the profound deficiency state reported in rats and chicks in the early 1970s. Indeed, although silicon intake and circulating fasting serum levels differed between the silicon-deprived and silicon-supplemented animals, tibia and soft-tissue levels did not and may explain the lack of difference in bone quality and bone markers (except serum CTx) between these two groups. Markedly higher tibia silicon levels in the reference group and nutritional differences between the formulated low-Si and reference diets suggest that one or more co-factors may be absent from the low-Si diet that affect silicon incorporation into bone. However, evidence for urinary silicon conservation (to maintain tissue levels), changes in bone/body lengths, bone calcium:phosphorus ratio and differences at the growth plate with silicon deprivation are all novel and deserve further study. These results suggest that rats actively maintain body silicon levels via urinary conservation, but the low circulating serum silicon levels during silicon deficiency result in inhibition of growth plate closure and increased longitudinal growth. Silicon-responsive genes and Si transporters are being investigated in the kidneys of these rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yaegashi Y, Onoda T, Tanno K, Kuribayashi T, Sakata K, Orimo H. Association of hip fracture incidence and intake of calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin K. Eur J Epidemiol 2008; 23:219-25. [PMID: 18214692 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-008-9225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between hip fracture incidence in 12 regional blocks within Japan and dietary intake of four key nutrients: calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin K. DESIGN An ecological study. METHODS Using data from the 2002 national survey on the incidence of hip fracture and the National Nutritional Survey of Japan, a standardized incidence ratio of hip fracture was calculated, and the association between the standardized incidence ratio and each nutritional intake was assessed for each region using Pearson's correlation coefficient and partial correlation analysis. RESULTS There were significant correlations between the standardized incidence ratio by region and magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin K in both men and women, and calcium in women. The strongest inverse correlations were found in vitamin K in both men and women (r = -0.844, P = 0.001, and r = -0.834, P = 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D, the partial correlation between the standardized incidence ratio by regional block and vitamin K was strongest in both men and women (partial correlation coefficient, pcc = -0.673, P = 0.04; pcc = -0.575, P = 0.106, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The significant correlation between hip fracture incidence and vitamin K intake, and also regional variations in food patterns, suggest that increasing intake of vegetables and legumes might lead to a decrease in hip fracture incidence in the future. Further, this study suggests that a review of the dietary reference value of vitamin K from the perspective of osteoporosis would be useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Yaegashi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gerlach KE, Burton HW, Dorn JM, Leddy JJ, Horvath PJ. Fat intake and injury in female runners. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008; 5:1. [PMID: 18173851 PMCID: PMC2235827 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our purpose was to determine the relationship between energy intake, energy availability, dietary fat and lower extremity injury in adult female runners. We hypothesized that runners who develop overuse running-related injuries have lower energy intakes, lower energy availability and lower fat intake compared to non-injured runners. METHODS Eighty-six female subjects, running a minimum of 20 miles/week, completed a food frequency questionnaire and informed us about injury incidence over the next year. RESULTS Injured runners had significantly lower intakes of total fat (63 +/- 20 vs. 80 +/- 50 g/d) and percentage of kilocalories from fat (27 +/- 5 vs. 30 +/- 8 %) compared with non-injured runners. A logistic regression analysis found that fat intake was the best dietary predictor, correctly identifying 64% of future injuries. Lower energy intake and lower energy availability approached, but did not reach, a significant association with overuse injury in this study. CONCLUSION Fat intake is likely associated with injury risk in female runners. By documenting these associations, better strategies can be developed to reduce running injuries in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Gerlach
- Department of Physical Therapy, The College of St. Catherine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Harold W Burton
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joan M Dorn
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John J Leddy
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Horvath
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McCarty MF. Scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals by flavonoids may support endothelial NO synthase activity, contributing to the vascular protection associated with high fruit and vegetable intakes. Med Hypotheses 2008; 70:170-81. [PMID: 17825500 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ample intakes of fruit and vegetables have been linked epidemiologically with reduced risk for coronary disease, stroke, hypertension, obesity, many types of cancer, chronic pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, and various ocular disorders. The favorable impact of diets rich in fruit and vegetables on coronary risk has been confirmed in meta-analyses, and is thought to be largely attributable to the folk acid and potassium supplied by these foods. Although high intakes of vitamin C appear to confer some cardiovascular protection, the amounts supplied by typical diets may be too low to be of much benefit in this regard. High flavonoid intakes emerge as protective in some epidemiological studies, albeit the dose-response pattern observed is often L-shaped - seemingly more consistent with low intakes being harmful, than with high intakes being protective. Nonetheless, flavonoids have shown anti-atherogenic activity in rodent models, and both clinical and rodent supplementation studies with foods and food extracts rich in flavonoids demonstrate improvements in endothelium-dependent vasodilation traceable to increased endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. However, flavonoids do not appear to increase the expression of endothelial NO synthase, nor do they modify endothelial superoxide production. A likely explanation is that, even in nanomolar concentrations achievable in vivo, flavonoids can act as efficient scavengers of peroxynitrite-derived radicals, thereby protecting the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, crucial for NO synthase activity. Studies with cultured endothelial cells should be useful for evaluating this possibility. It would also be appropriate to assess the effects of flavonoids on prostacylin synthetase activity, on endothelial catabolism of asymmetric dimethylarginine, and on signaling mechanisms that activate NO synthase. Since peroxynitrite can induce mutagenic damage to DNA, it is conceivable that scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals contributes to the reduction in mutagenesis associated with high intakes of fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids also have the potential to prevent peroxynitrite-mediated damage, although, as contrasted with flavonoids, there is comparatively little evidence that these compounds are anti-atherogenic or beneficial for endothelial function; a recent meta-analysis of epidemiological studies suggests that high lutein intakes may modestly reduce coronary risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Natural Alternatives International, 1185 Linda Vista Dr., San Marcos, CA 92078, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Levy R. Potential treatment of calciphylaxis with vitamin K(2): Comment on the article by Jacobs-Kosmin and DeHoratius. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2007; 57:1575-6. [PMID: 18050236 DOI: 10.1002/art.23107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
26
|
Prentice A, Schoenmakers I, Ann Laskey M, de Bono S, Ginty F, Goldberg GR. Symposium on ‘Nutrition and health in children and adolescents’ Session 1: Nutrition in growth and development Nutrition and bone growth and development. Proc Nutr Soc 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/pns2006519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
27
|
Uenishi K, Ishida H, Toba Y, Aoe S, Itabashi A, Takada Y. Milk basic protein increases bone mineral density and improves bone metabolism in healthy young women. Osteoporos Int 2007; 18:385-90. [PMID: 17048062 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-006-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Effect of milk basic protein on bone metabolism in healthy young women. INTRODUCTION Milk has more beneficial effects on bone health than other food sources. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that milk whey protein, especially its basic protein fraction (milk basic protein, MBP), contains several components capable of promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. The object of this study was to examine the effect of MBP on the bone mineral density and bone metabolism of healthy young women. METHODS Thirty-five healthy young women were randomly assigned to treatment with either placebo or MBP (40 mg per day) for 6 months. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 of each subject was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 0 and 6 months of treatment. Serum and urine indexes of bone metabolism were measured at 0, 3 and 6 months. All subjects completed the study in accordance with the protocol. RESULTS The mean rate of gain of lumbar BMD in the MBP group (1.57%) was significantly higher than in the placebo group (0.13%, P=0.042). When compared with the placebo group, urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides of type-I collagen (NTx) were significantly decreased, and serum osteocalcin was significantly increased in the MBP group at 6 months. CONCLUSION These results suggested that MBP supplementation was effective in increasing BMD in young women and that this increase in BMD may be primarily mediated through the promotion of bone formation and inhibition of bone resorption by MBP supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado-shi, Saitama, 350-0288, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bügel S, Sørensen AD, Hels O, Kristensen M, Vermeer C, Jakobsen J, Flynn A, Mølgaard C, Cashman KD. Effect of phylloquinone supplementation on biochemical markers of vitamin K status and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr 2007; 97:373-80. [PMID: 17298708 DOI: 10.1017/s000711450715460x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While current intakes of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in many populations are believed to be sufficient to maintain normal blood coagulation, these may be insufficient to cover the requirements for optimal bone metabolism. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of increasing phylloquinone intakes above the usual dietary intake for 6 weeks on biochemical markers of vitamin K status and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Thirty-one postmenopausal women completed this 3 × 6-week randomised cross-over study, in which volunteers were supplemented with 0 (placebo), 200, and 500 μg phylloquinone/d. In addition, the volunteers were given 10 μg vitamin D3/d throughout the study period. With increasing phylloquinone intake, the concentration of serum γ-carboxylated and under-γ-carboxylated osteocalcin was significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0·001). Mean serum phylloquinone concentration was significantly (P < 0·001) higher with daily supplementation with 500 μg phylloquinone/d compared with that during either of the placebo or 200 μg phylloquinone/d supplementation periods, which did not differ (P = 0·15). Serum total osteocalcin was significantly (P < 0·001) increased in response to daily supplementation with 500 (but not 200) μg phylloquinone compared with placebo. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase as well as the urinary markers of bone resorption (N-telopeptide cross-links of collagen, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline) and urinary γ-carboxyglutamate were unaffected by phylloquinone supplementation. In conclusion, while daily supplementation with 200 and 500 μg phylloquinone/d for 6 weeks increased vitamin K status in postmenopausal women, it had no effect on bone turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bügel
- Department of Human Nutrition/Centre for Advanced Food Studies, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Calcium transport and calcium signalling mechanisms in bone cells have, in many cases, been discovered by study of diseases with disordered bone metabolism. Calcium matrix deposition is driven primarily by phosphate production, and disorders in bone deposition include abnormalities in membrane phosphate transport such as in chondrocalcinosis, and defects in phosphate-producing enzymes such as in hypophosphatasia. Matrix removal is driven by acidification, which dissolves the mineral. Disorders in calcium removal from bone matrix by osteoclasts cause osteopetrosis. On the other hand, although bone is central to management of extracellular calcium, bone is not a major calcium sensing organ, although calcium sensing proteins are expressed in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Intracellular calcium signals are involved in secondary control including cellular motility and survival, but the relationship of these findings to specific diseases is not clear. Intracellular calcium signals may regulate the balance of cell survival versus proliferation or anabolic functional response as part of signalling cascades that integrate the response to primary signals via cell stretch, estrogen, tyrosine kinase, and tumor necrosis factor receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Blair
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kaneki M, Hosoi T, Ouchi Y, Orimo H. Pleiotropic actions of vitamin K: protector of bone health and beyond? Nutrition 2006; 22:845-52. [PMID: 16815498 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K is a nutrient that was originally identified as an essential factor for blood coagulation. Recently, vitamin K has emerged as a potential protector against osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and hepatocarcinoma. Accumulated evidence indicates that subclinical non-hemostatic vitamin K deficiency in extrahepatic tissues, particularly in bone and possibly in vasculature, exists widely in the otherwise healthy adult population. Vitamins K1 and K2 have been shown to exert protective effects against osteoporosis, although it is important that the beneficial effects will be further confirmed by large-scale, randomized, clinical trials. Increasing evidence implicates a role for vitamin K in calcification of arteries and atherogenesis. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of vitamin K2 as an antihepatoma drug has recently been highlighted. Most of the new biological functions of vitamin K in bone, vasculature, and hepatoma cells are considered attributable to promotion of gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in vitamin K-dependent proteins, which is shared by vitamins K1 and K2. In contrast, vitamin K2-specific, gamma-carboxylation-unrelated functions have also been demonstrated. Thus, biological differences between vitamins K1 and K2 and potential involvement of gamma-carboxylation-independent actions in the new roles of vitamin K remain open issues. Molecular bases of coagulation-unrelated pleiotropic actions of vitamin K and its implications in human health deserve further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kaneki
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Prentice A, Schoenmakers I, Laskey MA, de Bono S, Ginty F, Goldberg GR. Nutrition and bone growth and development. Proc Nutr Soc 2006; 65:348-60. [PMID: 17181901 PMCID: PMC2039894 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665106005192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The growth and development of the human skeleton requires an adequate supply of many different nutritional factors. Classical nutrient deficiencies are associated with stunting (e.g. energy, protein, Zn), rickets (e.g. vitamin D) and other bone abnormalities (e.g. Cu, Zn, vitamin C). In recent years there has been interest in the role nutrition may play in bone growth at intakes above those required to prevent classical deficiencies, particularly in relation to optimising peak bone mass and minimising osteoporosis risk. There is evidence to suggest that peak bone mass and later fracture risk are influenced by the pattern of growth in childhood and by nutritional exposures in utero, in infancy and during childhood and adolescence. Of the individual nutrients, particular attention has been paid to Ca, vitamin D, protein and P. There has also been interest in several food groups, particularly dairy products, fruit and vegetables and foods contributing to acid-base balance. However, it is not possible at the present time to define dietary reference values using bone health as a criterion, and the question of what type of diet constitutes the best support for optimal bone growth and development remains open. Prudent recommendations (Department of Health, 1998; World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization, 2003) are the same as those for adults, i.e. to consume a Ca intake close to the reference nutrient intake, optimise vitamin D status through adequate summer sunshine exposure (and diet supplementation where appropriate), be physically active, have a body weight in the healthy range, restrict salt intake and consume plenty of fruit and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Prentice
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
As previously suggested, it may be feasible to impede tumorevoked angiogenesis with a nutraceutical program composed of glycine, fish oil, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, selenium, and silymarin, complemented by a low-fat vegan diet, exercise training, and, if feasible, a salicylate and the drug tetrathiomolybdate. It is now proposed that the scope of this program be expanded to address additional common needs of cancer patients: blocking the process of metastasis; boosting the cytotoxic capacity of innate immune defenses (natural killer [NK] cells); preventing cachexia, thromboembolism, and tumor-induced osteolysis; and maintaining optimal micronutrient status. Modified citrus pectin, a galectin-3 antagonist, has impressive antimetastatic potential. Mushroombeta-glucans and probiotic lactobacilli can amplify NK activity via stimulatory effects on macrophages. Selenium, beta-carotene, and glutamine can also increase the number and/or cytotoxic activity of NK cells. Cachectic loss of muscle mass can be opposed by fish oil, glutamine, and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate. Fish oil, policosanol, and vitamin D may have potential for control of osteolysis. High-dose aspirin or salicylates, by preventing NF-B activation, can be expected to aid prevention of metastasis and cachexia while down-regulating osteolysis, but their impacts on innate immune defenses will not be entirely favorable. A nutritional insurance formula crafted for the special needs of cancer patients can be included in this regimen. To minimize patient inconvenience, this complex core nutraceutical program could be configured as an oil product, a powder, and a capsule product, with the nutritional insurance formula provided in tablets. It would be of interest to test this program in nude mouse xenograft models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Care, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are both widely prevalent in an ageing population, and induce serious morbidities and death. There is growing evidence that in addition to their relationship to ageing, osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are also linked by biological associations. This article reviews their clinical interrelations, discusses the basic biology of bone and the arterial wall, and presents five examples that illustrate their biological linkages. Current therapeutic approaches emerging from these linkages, including statins, bisphosphonates, and the thiazolidinediones, have dual effects on bone and the vasculature. Additional therapies derived from experimental studies that enhance bone density and reduce atherogenesis hold further promise to diminish the morbidity and mortality of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis, with attendant benefits to society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hamerman
- Department of Medicine and Resnick Gerontology Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
This article discusses general concepts of nutrition and provides an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between nutrition and periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Schifferle
- Department of Periodontics & Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 318 Foster Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214-3092, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang LY, Bates CJ, Yan L, Harrington DJ, Shearer MJ, Prentice A. Determination of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in plasma and serum by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 347:199-207. [PMID: 15313159 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A modified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, based on Davidson and Sadowski [Meth. Enzymol. 282 (1997) 408], with fluorescence detection after zinc postcolumn reduction was developed and validated for the analysis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in plasma or serum samples. Compensation for procedural losses of vitamin K1 was made by the method of internal standardization using a proprietary vitamin K derivative. Increased sensitivity of detection by the use of a high-sensitivity Waters 440 fluorescence detector and optimized chromatography conditions increased the sensitivity to 4 fmol vitamin K1. The response was linear and free from interfering peaks and from baseline drift. It is therefore adequately sensitive for 0.25 ml or less of plasma sample. Long-term reproducibility of quality assurance (QA) samples was verified over a period of 4 months. The intraassay precision estimates of the QA samples within-run with mean vitamin K1 concentrations of 0.4, 1.4 and 3.4 nmol/l were 5.2% (n=6), 8.2% (n=6) and 3.0% (n=12), respectively, while interassay precision estimates between runs were 16% (n=22), 12% (n=21) and 8.1% (n=15), respectively. The assay accuracy was validated by comparing the results we obtained for 14 samples from the Vitamin K External Quality Assessment Scheme (KEQAS) with the consensus of the results from the other participating laboratories. Good agreement was obtained, with y=1.06x-0.09, R2=0.99. Validation also included linearity of response, absence of interference and confirmation of vitamin K1 peak purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Y Wang
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|