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Do ADT, Anthney A, Alharbi K, Asnayanti A, Meuter A, Alrubaye AAK. Assessing the Impact of Spraying an Enterococcus faecium-Based Probiotic on Day-Old Broiler Chicks at Hatch on the Incidence of Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Lameness Using a Staphylococcus Challenge Model. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1369. [PMID: 38731373 PMCID: PMC11083080 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness is a bone disease characterized by the translocation of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract, which colonize microfractures in broiler leg bones caused by rapid animal growth rate and weight gain, resulting in lameness. As such, BCO lameness represents a significant challenge for the poultry industry. This study aims to evaluate the effect of spraying broiler chicks on d0 at hatch with an Enterococcus faecium probiotic on the incidence of BCO-induced lameness, utilizing a Staphylococcus aureus challenge model. There were four treatments: (1) negative control (no probiotic + no challenge, NC); (2) positive control (no probiotic + challenge, PC); (3) low dosage (4.0 × 108 CFU/chick + challenge, LOW); and (4) high dosage (2.0 × 109 CFU/chick + challenge, HIGH). On d5, groups two through four were challenged with Staphylococcus aureus through the drinking water at a concentration of 1.0 × 105 CFU/mL. Cumulative lameness incidence was determined through daily evaluations and necropsies conducted on lame birds starting from d22. Data were subjected to a binomial general regression analysis (significant p < 0.05). On d56, the PC group exhibited the highest cumulative lameness incidence (58.0%; p < 0.05), followed by LOW (36.0%), HIGH (28.7%), and NC groups (25.3%), respectively. These results suggest early probiotic application at day-of-hatch successfully reduced the incidence of lameness in challenged birds, thus contributing to understanding of efficient and sustainable broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Dang Trieu Do
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.D.T.D.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Amanda Anthney
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Khawla Alharbi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.D.T.D.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Andi Asnayanti
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.D.T.D.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- National Agency of Drug and Food Control, Jakarta 10520, Indonesia
| | - Antoine Meuter
- Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Novonesis, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
| | - Adnan Ali Khalaf Alrubaye
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.D.T.D.); (K.A.); (A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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Wang X, Jian H, Zhao W, Li J, Zou X, Dong X. Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans on the productive performance, egg quality, serum parameters, and intestinal morphology of laying hens during the late laying period. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2163931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Jian
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiankui Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Balakrishnan KN, Ramiah SK, Zulkifli I. Heat Shock Protein Response to Stress in Poultry: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020317. [PMID: 36670857 PMCID: PMC9854570 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to other animal species, production has dramatically increased in the poultry sector. However, in intensive production systems, poultry are subjected to stress conditions that may compromise their well-being. Much like other living organisms, poultry respond to various stressors by synthesising a group of evolutionarily conserved polypeptides named heat shock proteins (HSPs) to maintain homeostasis. These proteins, as chaperones, play a pivotal role in protecting animals against stress by re-establishing normal protein conformation and, thus, cellular homeostasis. In the last few decades, many advances have been made in ascertaining the HSP response to thermal and non-thermal stressors in poultry. The present review focuses on what is currently known about the HSP response to thermal and non-thermal stressors in poultry and discusses the factors that modulate its induction and regulatory mechanisms. The development of practical strategies to alleviate the detrimental effects of environmental stresses on poultry will benefit from detailed studies that describe the mechanisms of stress resilience and enhance our understanding of the nature of heat shock signalling proteins and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9769-4882
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Growth studies in commercial broiler birds offered citric acid in formulated feed with low mineral density. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:33. [PMID: 36607441 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Study of 35 days was conducted to evaluate citric acid (CA) as an additive in poultry broiler feed with lower mineral content of calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus (TP) in commercial broiler poultry birds for its effect on growth, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics, and economics. Vancobb-400 strain day old broiler chicks were divided into four main treatment groups T0, T1, T2, and T3. Treatment groups were further divided into eight replicates with ten chicks in each. T0 served as control, given standard corn-soy flakes-based ration (Pre-starter %: Crude protein (CP)-23, Ca-1.00, TP-0.70; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-1.10, TP-0.72, and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.99, TP-0.70). Treatment T1 served as positive control with added 0.5% CA (Pre-starter %: CP-23, Ca-1.00, TP-0.70; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-1.10, TP-0.72 and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.99, TP-0.70). Treatment T2 was given feed containing 0.5% CA with low Ca and TP content (Pre-starter %: CP-23, Ca-0.90, TP-0.66; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-0.99, TP-0.71 and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.90, TP-0.69), whereas treatment T3 was given feed containing 0.5% CA with moderately low Ca and TP content (Pre-starter %: CP-23, Ca-0.80, TP-0.65; Starter %: CP-22, Ca-0.88, TP-0.70 and Finisher %: CP-20, Ca-0.79, TP-0.68). Birds offered moderately low Ca and TP with 0.5% CA addition, exhibited higher growth rate (P < 0.05), better nutrient utilization with positive influence on dressing percentage and forequarters weight. Economics of broiler feeding revealed that 0.5% CA supplementation fetched highest gross return above feed cost in broiler birds offered feed with moderately low Ca and TP content whereas lowest profit was recorded in feed with low content of Ca and TP. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.5% CA in feed with low and moderately low Ca and TP content positively influenced overall growth, and carcass characteristics. Economics of broiler feeding with moderately low Ca and TP content revealed highest profit with CA (0.5%) supplementation.
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Arczewska-Włosek A, Świątkiewicz S, Ognik K, Józefiak D. Effects of a Dietary Multi-Strain Probiotic and Vaccination with a Live Anticoccidial Vaccine on Growth Performance and Haematological, Biochemical and Redox Status Indicators of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243489. [PMID: 36552409 PMCID: PMC9774198 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 256 male Ross 308 chickens were assigned to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two levels of the anticoccidial vaccine (ACV) Livacox T (none or 1 × dose) with or without dietary supplementation with the probiotic Protexin® (P). The growth performance parameters for the test periods (1-21, 22-42, and 1-42 d) and oocyst per gram (OPG) at weekly intervals were analysed. Blood samples were collected at 16 post-vaccination (pv) days to measure selected haematological, biochemical, redox, and immunological parameters. ACV administration worsened the performance parameters of the chickens for 1-21 d pv, while supplementation with P reduced this negative effect with a significant improvement in 1-21 d body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. ACV administration increased % phagocytic cells (%PC), phagocytic index (PI), respiratory burst activity, proportion of monocytes, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase, while it decreased the catalase activity and concentration of malondialdehyde and peroxides. The dietary administration of P significantly increased counts of red blood cells and white blood cells and increased %PC and PI, while it decreased the heterophil proportion, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.059), and alanine aminotransferase and AST activities. The oocyst counts were comparable in all sampling periods, except on 14 d pv, as supplementation with P significantly decreased 14 d OPG, thus indicating a positive influence of P on immunity development. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with P led to improved performance, better immunity, and benefits in health status in broilers vaccinated with the ACV, without interfering with the circulating vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arczewska-Włosek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-666-081-192
| | - Sylwester Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Damian Józefiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Jia H, Liu X, Zhang R, Guan J. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the regulatory effects of compound probiotics on cecal metabolism in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102323. [PMID: 36436366 PMCID: PMC9706624 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of compound probiotics on the caecum of broilers under heat stress was assessed in this study. A total of 400 twenty-eight-day-old AA male broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, where each group had 5 replicates of 20 broilers. The 4 treatment groups were a heat stress control group (broilers receiving a normal diet) and groups HP I, HP II, and HP Ⅲ, consisting of broilers receiving 1, 5, and 10 g of compound probiotics added to each kilogram of feed, respectively. Compound probiotics (L. casei, L. acidophilus, and B. lactis at a ratio of 1:1:2) were used to formulate a compound probiotic powder, with 1 × 1010 CFU/g of effective viable bacteria. Heat stress treatment was performed at 32 ± 1°C from 9:00 to 17:00 every day from 28 d to 42 d. In d 28 to 42, compared with the HC group, the ADG of broilers in the HP II and III groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05); the ADFI difference between groups was not significant (P > 0.05); the FCR of HP II and III broilers was significantly decreased (P < 0.05); and the FCR of the HP I group increased, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Transcriptome results demonstrate that 665 differential genes were screened (DEGs; upregulated: 366, downregulated: 299). The DEGs were enriched in the B cell receptor signaling pathway, the intestinal immune network for IgA synthesis, the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways, according to KEGG enrichment analysis. Metabolome analysis identified 92 differential metabolites (DAMs; upregulated: 48, downregulated: 44). KEGG enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment of Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis and beta-Alanine metabolism. The combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that the DAMs and DEGs were mostly involved in beta-alanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. The results of this study suggest that the addition of compound probiotics has a positive effect on intestinal metabolites, improving the growth performance and contributing to the overall health of broilers under heat stress.
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Gunawardana T, Ahmed KA, Popowich S, Kurukulasuriya S, Lockerbie B, Karunarathana R, Ayalew LE, Liu M, Tikoo SK, Gomis S. Comparison of Therapeutic Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Synthetic CpG-ODNs for Protective Efficacy Against Escherichia coli Lethal Infection and Impact on the Immune System in Neonatal Broiler Chickens. Avian Dis 2022; 66:165-175. [PMID: 35723931 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The poultry industry needs alternatives to antibiotics, as there are growing public concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance owing to antimicrobial use in animal production. We have reported that the administration of neonatal chicks with synthetic DNA oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs (CpG-ODN) can protect against bacterial pathogens in chickens. The objective of this study was to compare the immunoprotective effects of CpG-ODN and probiotics against Escherichia coli infection vs. commonly used therapeutic antibiotics. Day-old broiler chicks were divided into five groups (n = 35/group; 30 for the challenge experiment and 5 for the flow cytometry analysis). The chicks in Group 1 received a single dose of CpG-ODN by the intramuscular route on day 4 (D4) posthatch (PH), and Group 2 received drinking water (DW) with a probiotic product (D1-D15 PH, DW). The Group 3 chicks received tetracycline antibiotics during D9-D13 in DW; the Group 4 chicks got sodium sulfamethazine on D9, D10, and D15 PH in DW; and the Group 5 chicks were administered intramuscular (IM) saline D4 PH, DW. We challenged all the groups (n = 30/group) with E. coli (1 × 105 or 1 × 106 colony-forming units/bird) on D8 PH through the subcutaneous route. Our data demonstrated that the CpG-ODNs, but not the probiotics, could protect neonatal broiler chickens against lethal E. coli septicemia, as would the tetracycline or sodium sulfamethazine. The flow cytometry analysis (n = 5/group) revealed enrichment of immune cells in the CpG-ODN group and a marked decrease in macrophages and T-cell numbers in antibiotics-treated groups, indicating immunosuppressive effects. Our data showed that, like therapeutic antibiotics, CpG-ODNs reduced clinical signs, decreased bacterial loads, and induced protection in chicks against E. coli septicemia. Unlike therapeutic antibiotics-induced immunosuppressive effects, CpG-ODN caused immune enrichment by increasing chicken immune cells recruitment. Furthermore, this study highlights that, although therapeutic antibiotics can treat bacterial infections, the ensuing immunosuppressive effects may negatively impact the overall chicken health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thushari Gunawardana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada,
| | - Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Shanika Kurukulasuriya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Betty Lockerbie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ruwani Karunarathana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Lisanework E Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Mengying Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada,
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Amran RA, Alhimaidi AR, Al-Ghadi MQ, Ammari AA, Matar AM. Impact of a live bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) postpartum and weaning system on performance, mortality, and health of Najdi lambs. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Among the non-nutritive additives available for lamb nutrition, direct-fed microbial (DFM) stands out for altering rumen fermentation and increasing animal productivity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of DFM and weaning systems on performance, mortality, and health of newborn lambs. A total of 60 newborn lambs were divided into 4 equal groups and assigned to one of 4 treatments: Control (C) without DFM and late weaning; T1, DFM and early weaning; T2, DFM and mid weaning; and T3, DFM and late weaning. Each lamb in the treated group received 3 doses of DFM (5 mL/lamb). The mortality was reduced by 80% compared to the control group. Lambs in the T2 and T3 with DFM groups had significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) than lambs in the C group. Glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels of T3 lambs were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in late weaning compared with the remining treatments. DFM supplementation and weaning system significantly (P < 0.01) reduced serum Zn concentration. These results suggest that the addition of DFM to the diet of newborn lambs and weaning at 60 days improves the overall performance and immunity of the lambs and consequently reduces the mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi A. Amran
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University College of Science, King Saud University , Riyad 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad R. Alhimaidi
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University College of Science, King Saud University , Riyad 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Q. Al-Ghadi
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University College of Science, King Saud University , Riyad 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman A. Ammari
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University College of Science, King Saud University , Riyad 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem M. Matar
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2460 , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
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9
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Dittoe DK, Olson EG, Ricke SC. IMPACT OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOME AND FERMENTATION METABOLITES ON BROILER PERFORMANCE. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101786. [PMID: 35346496 PMCID: PMC9079343 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dana K Dittoe
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Elena G Olson
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Sandi S, Sari ML, Yosi F, Sahara E, Maharani BP, Asmak A, Rofiq MN, Ali AIM. Organic acid and probiotic derived from grass silage improved egg quality in Pegagan laying duck: a research note. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:65. [PMID: 35041092 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of organic acid and probiotic derived from grass silage on the egg quality of duck. Seventy-two Pegagan laying ducks (average age: 24 weeks) were randomly allocated to six treatment groups: basal diet, basal diet + organic acid, basal diet + probiotic, basal diet + tetracycline, basal diet + probiotic + organic acid, and basal diet + organic acid + tetracycline. The result showed that the feeding diets containing probiotics and organic acid significantly (P < 0.05) reduced yolk fat and yolk cholesterol and increased eggshell weight, egg index, yolk color score, Haugh unit, and protein content. However, egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen index, yolk index, and water content were not significantly (P > 0.05) different. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of organic acid and probiotic derived from grass silage improved egg quality in terms of yolk color score, fat, and cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sandi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Meisji L Sari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Fitra Yosi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Eli Sahara
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Bella P Maharani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Asmak Asmak
- Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Sumatera Barat, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad N Rofiq
- Agency for the Assessment and Aplication of Tecnology, Centre for Agriculture Production Technology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Asep I M Ali
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia.
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11
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Shawky M, Khaled NF, El-Moghazy G, Abdelgayed SS, Soliman R. Positive effects of dietary probiotics on immune response and gut morphometry in broiler chickens. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
n experiment was performed with a total of 280 one-day old SPF broiler chicks to evaluate the effects of probiotics, alone or in combination, on growth performance, gut morphometry and immune response to fowl cholera vaccination. The birds were randomly divided into seven groups each of 40 chicks and the experiment lasted for 42 days. The probiotic microorganisms that were offered via water included Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cervisiae. Significant increase in the food conversion rate was recorded in group 4 that received probiotic mixture composed of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis. Also, significantly high geometric mean titre (GMT) of P. multocida specific-antibodies and lowest morbidity and mortality rates post P. multocida challenge were recorded in this group. The effect of different probiotics on the morphometric changes in the gut tissues was determined, where significant increase in the duodenal and ileum villus height and average crypt depth were recorded in probiotic treated chicks compared to the negative control. The increase in the gut villi height is proved to be associated with increased absorption capability of nutients from the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shawky
- Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - N. F. Khaled
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medi-cine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - G. El-Moghazy
- Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - S. S. Abdelgayed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - R. Soliman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo Universi-ty, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Probiotic Bacillus subtilis C-3102 Improves Eggshell Quality after Forced Molting in Aged Laying Hens. J Poult Sci 2021; 58:230-237. [PMID: 34899018 PMCID: PMC8630406 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of probiotic Bacillus subtilis C-3102 feed additive on quality characteristics including strength, thickness, and weight of eggshells of Boris Brown laying hens. The control group (n=64) was fed a basal diet comprised of maize and feed rice, whereas the experimental group (n=64) was fed a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis C-3102 (3×105 CFU/g) starting at 49 weeks of age. From 67 to 69 weeks, all hens were induced to molt using an anorexic program; then, the birds in both groups returned to their respective diets (from 69 to 82 weeks). Eggshell strength, measured six times with 60 eggs selected before the molting treatment, was significantly greater in the C-3102 group than in the control group at 51, 59, 63, and 66 weeks (3.45, 3.44, 3.28, and 3.13 kg/cm2; P<0.05, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). Moreover, eggshell strength—measured three times after the molting treatment—was significantly greater in the C-3102 group than in the control group at 73 and 77 weeks (3.79 and 3.65 kg/cm2; P<0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Eggshell thickness was also significantly greater in the C-3102 group than in the control group at 73 and 77 weeks (0.400 and 0.390 mm; P<0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Fecal samples collected from eight hens of each group at 70 weeks of age after forced molting, showed a significantly higher proportion of Lactobacillus spp. in the C-3102 group (8.94 log CFU/g) (P<0.05) than in the control group (8.63 log CFU/g). Clostridium spp. abundance was significantly lower in the C-3102 group (2.92 log CFU/g) than in the control group (4.3 log CFU/g). These results suggest that C-3102 supplementation improves eggshell quality in aged laying hens, particularly after forced molting.
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Chasser KM, McGovern K, Duff AF, Trombetta M, Graham BD, Graham L, Briggs WN, Rodrigues DR, Bielke LR. Enteric permeability and inflammation associated with day of hatch Enterobacteriaceae inoculation. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101298. [PMID: 34271228 PMCID: PMC8287245 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Early exposure to Enterobacteriaceae may result in inappropriate microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, induce mild GI inflammation, alter immune system development, and predispose poultry to opportunistic infection. Four experiments were conducted to test Enterobacteriaceae isolates Escherichia coli LG strain (LG), E. coli Huff strain (Huff), Salmonella Enteritidis LB (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) on ability to induce GI inflammation. All 4 experiments included a noninoculated control, and day of hatch (DOH) oral inoculation of LG, Huff, SE and ST in experiment 1, LG and SE in experiment 2, and LG, Huff, SE, and ST in experiment 3. Experiment 4 included LG, Huff, a noninoculated control (NIC), and Clostridium perfringens only (NCP) wherein birds received oral C. perfringens challenge on d15-16 to induce necrotic enteritis. Body weight was measured, yolk sacs and spleens were collected, and blood was obtained for serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) recovery and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (A1GP) concentrations. Samples were taken weekly through 2 wk of age in experiments 1 and 2, or 4 wk of age in experiments 3 and 4. Increased FITC-d recovery was observed for LG and SE on d13 in experiment 2 (P < 0.05), and C. perfringens only birds on d27 in experiment 4 (P < 0.05) as compared to noninoculated controls. Each experiment resulted in notable differences in A1GP serum concentrations over time, with fluctuations in A1GP patterns through d14 based on DOH inoculation (P < 0.05). Over time, A1GP was increased for DOH inoculated birds from d 22 to 29, the fourth wk of life, and d 2-29, the entire experiment, vs. noninoculated controls in experiment 3 (P < 0.05). Similarly, NCP and LGCP showed increased A1GP from d 20 to 27 and d 6 to 27, vs. NIC in experiment 4 (P < 0.05). In experiment 4, C. perfringens challenge resulted in earlier A1GP response in DOH inoculated birds, d 17-20, as compared to NCP birds, d 20-27 (P < 0.05). These results suggest early Enterobacteriaceae exposure may influence early inflammatory state in the GI tract and may also alter patterns of inflammation and responsiveness to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Chasser
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - K McGovern
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - A F Duff
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - M Trombetta
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - B D Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - L Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - W N Briggs
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - D R Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - L R Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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Assessment of In Ovo Administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum on Performance, Ileal Histomorphometry, Blood Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters of Broilers. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:439-450. [PMID: 31025259 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium is one of the most promising probiotics which was recently used as an alternative growth promoter in poultry. This trial was considered to evaluate the potential effects of in ovo administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum on growth performance and biochemical parameters of broilers. Three hundred broiler breeder eggs were incubated and candled individually at day 17 of embryogenesis; then, eggs that had live embryos were randomly divided into six groups. The first and second groups were of intact (without injection) and vehicle-injected (sterile distilled water) control groups, respectively. Other groups were in ovo injected with 1 × 109 and 1 × 107 CFU B. bifidum, and 1 × 109 and 1 × 107 CFU B. longum, respectively. Hatchability was significantly (P < 0.001) affected by in ovo inoculation of bifidobacteria strains. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved (P = 0.014 and 0.019, respectively) in all treatment groups. Protein fractions, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities were not significantly altered by bifidobacteria strains in ovo injection. Regarding ileal histomorphometry parameters, a significant elevation in villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio values were recorded while crypt depth was insignificantly affected by in ovo treatments. It could be concluded that the tested manual method of in-yolk sac injection at day 17 of incubation is more favorable in easier delivering of bifidobacteria strains which improve broiler growth performance and ileal development without any undesirable effects on blood indices and liver and renal functions.
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Chasser KM, McGovern K, Duff AF, Graham BD, Briggs WN, Rodrigues DR, Trombetta M, Winson E, Bielke LR. Evaluation of day of hatch exposure to various Enterobacteriaceae on inducing gastrointestinal inflammation in chicks through two weeks of age. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101193. [PMID: 34087698 PMCID: PMC8182431 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate microbial colonization can induce gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation may predispose poultry to opportunistic infections and reduce growth performance. Four independent experiments were completed to test ability of select Enterobacteriaceae isolates to induce GI inflammation. Experiments 1 and 2 included a non-inoculated control (NC), and a low (L), medium (M), or high (H) day of hatch (DOH) oral inoculation level. In experiment 1, birds in L1, M1, and H1 received 102 to 104 CFU of a mixed dose of 2 species of Citrobacter and Salmonella Enteritidis LB (SE). In experiment 2, birds in L2, M2, and H2 received 103 to 105 CFU of E. coli LG (LG) and included NC. Body weight was recorded on d 0, 7, and 14, with blood collected for chicken serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (A1GP) measurements on d14. Neither experiment resulted in differences in BWG, however, A1GP was increased (P < 0.05) on d 14 when DOH inoculation dose 103 CFU/chick was used compared to NC. This observed increase in A1GP resulted in selection of 103 CFU/chick for DOH inoculation in experiments 3 and 4. Experiment 3 consisted of NC, E. coli Huff (Huff), and SE. On d 0, 7 and 15, BW was measured, with blood collected on d 15 for A1GP. Both d 15 A1GP and BWG from d 7 to 15 were reduced in inoculated chicks, Huff and SE, in experiment 3 (P < 0.05). Experiment 4 evaluated NC and LG with BW measured on d 0, 2, 7 and 14. Yolk sacs were evaluated for retention and bacterial enumeration, and blood for serum A1GP were collected on d 2 and 14. Experiment 4 resulted in no differences in yolk sac parameters or A1GP, whereas there was an increase in BWG for LG from d 0 to 14 (P < 0.05). When evaluated over time, serum A1GP increased between d 2 and d 14 by nearly 46% in LG, compared to negligible changes in NC (P = 0.111). Mild GI inflammation induced by early Enterobacteriaceae exposure may not drastically impact growth or inflammation parameters but may increase susceptibility to opportunistic infection necessitating further study of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Chasser
- Department of Animal Sciences, 2029 Fyffe Rd, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K McGovern
- Department of Animal Sciences, 2029 Fyffe Rd, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A F Duff
- Department of Animal Sciences, 2029 Fyffe Rd, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - B D Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, 1260 West Maple, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - W N Briggs
- Department of Animal Sciences, 2029 Fyffe Rd, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - D R Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Sciences, 2029 Fyffe Rd, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M Trombetta
- Department of Animal Sciences, 2029 Fyffe Rd, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - E Winson
- Department of Animal Sciences, 2029 Fyffe Rd, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - L R Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, 2029 Fyffe Rd, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061341. [PMID: 34205811 PMCID: PMC8233972 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are well documented complications associated with the continuous use of antibiotics in the poultry industry. Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics; however, most of these candidate probiotic microorganisms have not been fully evaluated for their effectiveness as potential probiotics for poultry. Recent evaluation of a metagenome of broiler chickens in our laboratory revealed a prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and Actinobacteria class of bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor) were selected as probiotic bacteria, encapsulated, and added into broiler feed at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of feed. In an 8-week study, 240 one day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Three dietary treatments contained two probiotic bacteria in three different proportions (L. reuteri and S. coelicolor individually at 100 ppm, and mixture of L. reuteri and S. coelicolor at 50 ppm each). The fourth treatment had no probiotic bacteria and it functioned as the control diet. L. reuteri and S. coelicolor were added to the feed by using wheat middlings as a carrier at a concentration of 100 ppm (100 mg/kg). Chickens fed diets containing L. reuteri and S. coelicolor mixture showed 2% improvement in body weight gain, 7% decrease in feed consumption, and 6–7% decrease in feed conversion ratios. This research suggests that L. reuteri and S. coelicolor have the potential to constitute probiotics in chickens combined or separately, depending on the desired selection of performance index.
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Naseem S, Willits N, King AJ. Varying combinations of Lactobacillus species: impact on laying hens' performance, nitrogenous compounds in manure, serum profile, and uric acid in the liver. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab018. [PMID: 33997653 PMCID: PMC8112121 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various combinations of Lactobacillus species (L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, and L. plantarum) on closely associated variables of production of laying hens, nitrogenous compounds in manure, the serum concentration of specific chemicals, and liver uric acid (UA) concentrations at peak lay. White Leghorns W-36 (32-week-old) were randomly assigned to five treatments for 8 weeks. Treatments were T1, the Control, a commercial feed; T2, the Control + L. paracasei + L. plantarum; T3, the Control + L. paracasei + L. rhamnosus; T4, the Control + L. plantarum + L. rhamnosus and T5, the Control + L. paracasei + L. plantarum + L. rhamnosus. Each bacterial species was included at 3.33 × 1011cfu/kg feed for a total of 6.66 x 1011 cfu/kg feed for T2–T4 and a total of 1.0 × 1012 cfu/kg feed for T5. Major effects among combinations of probiotics on production were not noted. The interaction of Probiotics by Week (Probiotics*Time) affected feed intake (P = 0.0007) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, P = 0.0049) due to fluctuation by week. Significant effects of time were also recorded for a gradual increase in body weight (BW, P = 0.0007); lowest and greatest feed intake at weeks 2 and 7, respectively (P < 0.0001); an increase in egg production (P = 0.0007) and maximum FCR at week 7 (P < 0.0001). Ammonia (NH3) concentration, ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total nitrogen remained unaffected at P < 0.05. Although there were fluctuations, a trend emerged for the reduction of TKN. Combinations of probiotics did not affect NH3, UA, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), creatine kinase (CK), and UA in the liver. Temporal (Time as a fixed effect) effects were noted for all nitrogenous compounds present in manure. For ammonia, temporal effects were significant due to fluctuation over time. Week 0 had the lowest value followed by weeks 4 and 8. Week 6 had the greatest value. For ammonium nitrogen, week 8 had the lowest value followed by week 0 and 4 with the next highest value. Week 6 had the greatest value. For TKN, week 4 had the lowest value followed by weeks 6 and 8. Week 0 had the greatest value. For TN, weeks 4, 6, and 8 had similar and lowest values followed by week 0 having the greatest value. However, an overall reduction in NH4-N, TKN, and TN was noted. Fluctuations in NH3 (P = 0.0033) and CK (P = 0.0085) were noted for Time. There was also a trend (P = 0.0706) for the increase of UA in serum. Two or more species of probiotics with yeast should be investigated. If the combination is applicable for increasing production measurements and reducing nitrogenous and serum compounds, the most appropriate time to feed the probiotics from day 1 to the end of production should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Naseem
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Neil Willits
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Annie J King
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Upadhaya SD, Ahn JM, Cho JH, Kim JY, Kang DK, Kim SW, Kim HB, Kim IH. Bacteriophage cocktail supplementation improves growth performance, gut microbiome and production traits in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:49. [PMID: 33858501 PMCID: PMC8050931 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective antibiotic alternatives are urgently needed in the poultry industry to control disease outbreaks. Phage therapy mainly utilizes lytic phages to kill their respective bacterial hosts and can be an attractive solution to combating the emergence of antibiotic resistance in livestock. METHODS Five hundred and four, one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were allotted to 1 of 4 treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of CON (basal diet), PC (CON + 0.025% Avilamax®), BP 0.05 (CON + 0.05% bacteriophage), and BP 0.10 (CON + 0.10% bacteriophage). RESULTS A significant linear effect on body weight gain (BWG) was observed during days 1-7, days 22-35, and cumulatively in bacteriophage (BP) supplemented groups. The BWG tended to be higher (P = 0.08) and the feed intake (FI) was increased (P = 0.017) in the PC group over CON group. A greater (P = 0.016) BWG and trends in increased FI (P = 0.06) were observed in the experiment in birds fed PC than CON diet. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was decreased in PC (65.28%), while it was similar in BP 0.05 and BP 0.10 (90.65%, 86.72%) compared to CON (90.19%). At the species level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus salivarus was higher in BP 0.05 (40.15%) and BP 0.10 (38.58%) compared to the CON (20.04%) and PC (18.05%). A linear reduction in the weight of bursa of Fabricius (P = 0.022) and spleen (P = 0.052) was observed in birds fed graded level of BP and an increase (P = 0.059) in the weight of gizzard was observed in birds fed PC over BP diets. Linear and quadratic responses were observed in redness of breast muscle color in birds fed graded level of BP. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of the 0.05% and 0.1% BP cocktail linearly improved broiler weight during the first 7 days, 22-35 days and cumulatively, whereas 0.05% BP addition was sufficient for supporting immune organs, bursa and spleen as well as enhancing gut microbiome, indicating the efficacy of 0.05% BP as a substitute antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Je Min Ahn
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 116 Polk Hall, Box 7621, 120 W Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 31116, South Korea.
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choongnam, 31116, South Korea.
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Jeni RE, Dittoe DK, Olson EG, Lourenco J, Corcionivoschi N, Ricke SC, Callaway TR. Probiotics and potential applications for alternative poultry production systems. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101156. [PMID: 34077849 PMCID: PMC8181177 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns over animal welfare continue to be a critical component of law and policies associated with commercial food animal production. Social and market pressures are the driving forces behind the legislation and result in the change of poultry production management systems. As a result, the movement toward cage-free and aviary-based egg production systems has become standard practices. Cage-based systems being replaced by alternative methods that offer a suitable housing environment to meet or exceed poultry welfare needs and require different management, including the ban of antibiotics in poultry diets. For broiler production, pasture- raised and free-range management systems have become more popular. However, challenges remain from exposure to disease-causing organisms and foodborne pathogens in these environments. Consequently, probiotics can be supplemented in poultry diets as commercial feed additives. The present review discusses the impacts of these probiotics on the performance of alternative poultry production systems for improving food safety and poultry health by mitigating pathogenic organisms and improving egg and meat quality and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim El Jeni
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elena G Olson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeferson Lourenco
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Todd R Callaway
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania.
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL Downregulates the Ileal Expression of Genes Involved in Immune Responses in Broiler Chickens to Improve Growth Performance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020382. [PMID: 33668643 PMCID: PMC7918048 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL promotes broiler chicken performance by improving nutrient absorption and utilization and reducing intestinal inflammation. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)-based transcriptomes of ileal tissues collected from probiotic-fed and control broiler chickens were analyzed to elucidate the effects of the probiotic B. amyloliquefaciens TL, as a feed additive, on the gut immune function. In total, 475 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the ileum of probiotic-fed and control birds. The expression of genes encoding pyruvate kinase, prothymosin-α, and heat stress proteins was high in the ileum of probiotic-fed birds (FPKM > 500), but not in the control group. The gene ontology functional enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the uniquely expressed genes in the control group were mostly involved in immune responses, whereas those in the probiotic group were involved in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathways and positive regulation of cell proliferation. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL downregulated the expression of certain proinflammatory factors and affected the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway. Furthermore, B. amyloliquefaciens TL in broiler diets altered the expression of genes involved in immune functions in the ileum. Thus, it might contribute to improved broiler growth by regulating the immune system and reducing intestinal damage in broilers.
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Zamanizadeh A, Mirakzehi MT, Agah MJ, Saleh H, Baranzehi T. A comparison of two probiotics Aspergillus oryzae and, Saccharomyces cerevisiae on productive performance, egg quality, small intestinal morphology, and gene expression in laying Japanese quail. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1878944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Zamanizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Saravan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher Mirakzehi
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Saravan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Agah
- Animal Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Saleh
- Department of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Saravan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Baranzehi
- Departement of biology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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Musigwa S, Morgan N, Swick R, Cozannet P, Wu SB. Optimisation of dietary energy utilisation for poultry – a literature review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1865117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sosthene Musigwa
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Natalie Morgan
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Robert Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Pierre Cozannet
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
- Center of Expertise and Research in Nutrition (CERN), Adisseo France SAS, Antony, France
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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ANDRIANI ANITADWI, LOKAPIRNASARI WIDYAPARAMITA, KARIMAH BALQIS, HIDANAH SRI, AL-ARIF MANAM. Potency of probiotic on broiler growth performance and economics analysis. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i8.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to know the economic analysis in broilers fed probiotic containing Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus supplementation in lieu of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) to feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight (BW). The treatments were T0: control, T1: 0.01 g AGP/kg feed, T2: 0.05 g/ kg feed, T3: 0.1 g/ kg feed, T4: 0.025 g probiotic/litre drinking water; T5: 0.05 g probiotic/liter drinking water. Data analysis was carried out using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method, business analysis was held out by XLSTAT then analyzing descriptively. The results indicated that there was a significant difference among the treatments. Probiotic administration of T2, T3, T4 and T5 could increase broiler's body weight and improve feed conversion ratio. The higher production performance and most profitable economic analysis was obtained with the addition of 0.025 g probiotic/litre (T4), which had the best results in a Break Even Point and Return Cost Ratio. It could be concluded that supplementation of 0.025 g probiotic/litre drinking water indicates the improve growth performance and profits in broiler.
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Li T, Castañeda CD, Miotto J, McDaniel C, Kiess AS, Zhang L. Effects of in ovo probiotic administration on the incidence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in broilers and an evaluation on its virulence and antimicrobial resistance properties. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100903. [PMID: 33518345 PMCID: PMC7936151 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry, which has been traditionally controlled by the prophylactic in-feed supplementation of antibiotics. However, antibiotics are being removed from poultry diets owing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Therefore, alternatives to control APEC are required. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of in ovo inoculation of probiotics on the incidence of APEC in broilers and evaluate the virulence and antimicrobial resistance properties of the APEC isolates. On embryonic day 18, 4 in ovo treatments (T) were applied: T1 (Marek's vaccine [MV]), T2 (MV and Lactobacillus animalis), T3 (MV and Lactobacillus reuteri), and T4 (MV and Lactobacillus rhamnosus). A total of 180 male broilers per treatment were randomly placed in 10 pens. The heart, liver, spleen, and yolk sac were collected on day 0, 14, 28, and 42. Presumptive E. coli isolates were confirmed by real-time PCR. The positive isolates were screened for the APEC-related genes (iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, and iutA), and E. coli isolates containing one or more of these genes were identified as APEC-like strains. A total of 144 APEC-like isolates were isolated from 548 organ samples. No differences (P > 0.05) among treatments were observed for the incidence of APEC-like strains in all organs when averaged over sampling days. However, when averaged over treatments, the incidence in the heart, liver, and yolk sac was different among sampling days; a significant increase was observed in these organs on day 14 compared with day 0. Twenty-five antimicrobial resistance genes were evaluated for all APEC-like isolates, and 92.4% of the isolates carried at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. Thirty-seven isolates were then selected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; MDR strains accounted for 37.8% of the isolates. In conclusion, the in ovo inoculation of a single probiotic strain did not confer protection against APEC strains in broilers. The high prevalence of MDR isolates indicates that further research on antibiotic alternatives is required to prevent APEC infections in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmin Li
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Claudia D Castañeda
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Julio Miotto
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Chris McDaniel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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Administration of direct-fed Bacillus cultures and refined functional carbohydrates to broiler chickens improves growth performance and promotes positive shifts in gastrointestinal microbiota. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Park JH, Sureshkumar S, Kim IH. Egg production, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and excreta microflora of laying hens fed with a diet containing brewer’s yeast hydrolysate. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1825446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shanmugam Sureshkumar
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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la Mora ZVD, Macías-Rodríguez ME, Arratia-Quijada J, Gonzalez-Torres YS, Nuño K, Villarruel-López A. Clostridium perfringens as Foodborne Pathogen in Broiler Production: Pathophysiology and Potential Strategies for Controlling Necrotic Enteritis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1718. [PMID: 32972009 PMCID: PMC7552638 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (Cp.) is the cause of human foodborne desease. Meat and poultry products are identified as the main source of infection for humans. Cp. can be found in poultry litter, feces, soil, dust, and healthy birds' intestinal contents. Cp. strains are known to secrete over 20 identified toxins and enzymes that could potentially be the principal virulence factors, capable of degrading mucin, affecting enterocytes, and the small intestine epithelium, involved in necrotic enteritis (NE) pathophysiology, also leading to immunological responses, microbiota modification and anatomical changes. Different environmental and dietary factors can determine the colonization of this microorganism. It has been observed that the incidence of Cp-associated to NE in broilers has increased in countries that have stopped using antibiotic growth promoters. Since the banning of such antibiotic growth promoters, several strategies for Cp. control have been proposed, including dietary modifications, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phytogenics, organic acids, and vaccines. However, there are aspects of the pathology that still need to be clarified to establish better actions to control and prevention. This paper reviews the current knowledge about Cp. as foodborne pathogen, the pathophysiology of NE, and recent findings on potential strategies for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuamí Villagrán-de la Mora
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (Z.V.-d.l.M.); (Y.S.G.-T.)
| | - María Esther Macías-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica 44430, Guadalajara, Mexico;
| | - Jenny Arratia-Quijada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Nuevo Perif. Ote. 555, Ejido San José, Tateposco 45425, Tonalá, Mexico;
| | - Yesica Sughey Gonzalez-Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (Z.V.-d.l.M.); (Y.S.G.-T.)
| | - Karla Nuño
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Nuevo Perif. Ote. 555, Ejido San José, Tateposco 45425, Tonalá, Mexico;
| | - Angélica Villarruel-López
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica 44430, Guadalajara, Mexico;
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Razmgah N, Torshizi MAK, Sanjabi MR, Mojgani N. Anti-mycotoxigenic properties of probiotic Bacillus spp. in Japanese quails. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2863-2872. [PMID: 32946023 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the anti-mycotoxigenic effects of previously isolated Bacillus spp. in Japanese quails. A total of 240-day-old Japanese quails were assigned in to six treatments and four replicates. Dietary treatments included the following: negative control (basal diet), positive control (basal diet + 2.5 ppm afltatoxin B1), probiotic treatments (basal diet + 2.5 ppm afltatoxin B1), and 108 cfu/ml of different Bacillus spp. (B. megaterium, B. subtilis, or B. laterosporus) in drinking water and treatment P (basal diet + 2.5 ppm afltatoxin B1 and 2.5 ppm Polysorb®). Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Carcass yield significantly increased in B. megaterium and B. subtilis treatments compared with positive control. Supplementation of B. megaterium significantly increased testes, uterus and oviduct weights, skin response to 2,4-dinitro 1-chlorobenzene and phytohemagglutinin, and antibody production against sheep red blood cells (P < 0.05). B. megaterium could significantly increase bursa weight and decrease liver weight compared with positive control (P < 0.05). B. megaterium, B. laterosporus, and Polysorb treatments significantly decreased H:L and aspartate aminotransferase activity in aflatoxin B1 fed control (P < 0.05). B. megaterium and B. laterosporus significantly increased tibia weight, length, radius, index, and ash content compared with positive control (P < 0.05). All dietary additives significantly reduced meat oxidation, total aerobic bacteria, and spore forming bacteria of ileal content compared with positive control (P < 0.05). Ileal lactic acid bacteria significantly increased in B. megaterium treatment (P < 0.05). Totally, B. megaterium might be a promising probiotic with a comparable afltatoxin B1 removal potential to commercial toxin binder (Polysorb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Razmgah
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Sanjabi
- Agriculture Research Institute, Iranian Research Organization for Science & Technology (IROST), Shahrak-e-Shahab Sang, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran
| | - Naheed Mojgani
- Research and Development Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute-Agriculture Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
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El-Sawah AA, Aboelhadid SM, El-Nahass EN, Helal HE, Korany AM, El-Ashram S. Efficacy of probiotic Enterococcus faecium in combination with diclazuril against coccidiosis in experimentally infected broilers. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1020-1028. [PMID: 32364304 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study was conducted to investigate the combination of a probiotic strain of Enterococcus faecium and diclazuril to control coccidiosis in broilers. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 240 one-day-old female broiler chicks were divided into eight groups (30 chicks per group): prophylactic groups (G1, G2 and G3) and therapeutic groups (G4, G5 and G6) and two control groups (untreated infected, G7 and untreated uninfected, G8 controls). In the prophylactic approach, diclazuril alone (G1), probiotic alone (G2) or a mixture of both probiotic and diclazuril (G3) was orally administered to the chicks via drinking water 10 days prior to the infection. However, in the therapeutic approach, G4, G5 and G6 birds were administered diclazuril alone, probiotic alone and diclazuril+probiotic mix, respectively, in drinking water for five consecutive days after the appearance of clinical signs of coccidiosis. Birds of both approaches and G7 were experimentally infected with 25 × 103 Eimeria-sporulated oocysts. Chicks in G3 showed the highest weight gain, the lowest lesion score, a low oocyst count and mortality rate among the challenged groups. Moderate lesion scores and oocyst counts were observed in chickens administered probiotics prophylactically. In the therapeutic approach, broilers in G6 but not G5 displayed a decreased mortality rate and lesion score in comparison to those in G7 and G8. However, the result of the probiotic-treated group was not significantly different from that in the untreated infected control group. CONCLUSION The probiotic supplementation as a prophylactic approach can decrease the adverse effects of eimerian infection. In addition, the probiotic and diclazuril mix achieved a considerable improvement in the growth performance. Therefore, probiotic plus diclazuril combination achieved a synergistic effect. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Investigation into the synergism/antagonism between a probiotic and diclazuril as anticoccidial agent and the difference in the timing of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A El-Sawah
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - S M Aboelhadid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - E N El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - H E Helal
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Dar-Alramad Veterinary Clinic, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - A M Korany
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - S El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.,Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
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Oso AO, Suganthi RU, Reddy GBM, Malik PK, Thirumalaisamy G, Awachat VB, Selvaraju S, Arangasamy A, Bhatta R. Effect of dietary supplementation with phytogenic blend on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4755-4766. [PMID: 30951593 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation with phytogenic blend (PB) of Aerva lanata, Piper betle, Cynodon dactylon, and Piper nigrum on growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora were determined in a 42-day broiler feeding trial. A total of 192 broilers were assigned to 4 dietary treatments (6 replicates and 8 birds/replicate): basal diet, basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (chlortetracycline), 1% and 2% PB, respectively. The body weight gain (BWG) of starter chicks increased linearly (P = 0.023) as dietary supplementation levels of PB increased. At grower phase, broilers fed diet supplemented with 1% PB had similar BWG with the antibiotic group, but other treatments had reduced (P = 0.0001) BWG. Dietary supplementation with 1% PB resulted in the highest (P < 0.0001) BWG during the study. Feed intake was not affected by the treatments during the starter, finisher, and overall rearing periods. Broilers fed diet supplemented with 1% PB had the best (P < 0.0001) feed conversion ratio during the study. Overall, broilers fed only basal diet had the highest (P = 0.0450) mortality. Ileal organic matter (OM) digestibility increased linearly (P = 0.044) with broilers fed diet supplemented with PB, but reduced with antibiotic group. Dietary supplementation with 1% PB had the highest (P = 0.0402) ileal digestibility of tryptophan. In the duodenum, broilers fed diet supplemented with PB had longer (P = 0.0006) villi heights than the birds fed only basal diet, but similar with antibiotic group. Broilers fed diet supplemented with PB had longer (P = 0.0064) villi height in the jejunum than the antibiotic group. Bifidobacterium concentration of the cecum content showed a slight increase (P = 0.053) with increasing supplementation levels of PB. In conclusion, the current study shows that dietary supplementation with PB improves growth performance, intestinal morphology, and apparent ileal digestibility of OM and tryptophan in a dose-dependent manner with the best response at 1% inclusion level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Oso
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 10001, P.M.B. 2240, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - R U Suganthi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - P K Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - G Thirumalaisamy
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - V B Awachat
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - S Selvaraju
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - A Arangasamy
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - R Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
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Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933909000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fornazier R, Ribeiro Junior V, Albino LFT, Rodrigues D, Tavernari FD, da Silva D, Rostagno H, Serafini S. A Symbiotic Improves Performance and Carcass Yield of Broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Ma W, Zhang Z, Liu F, Wang J, Yin Y, Wang Z. Effects of Enterococcus faecalis on egg production, egg quality and caecal microbiota of hens during the late laying period. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:208-221. [PMID: 31033356 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1591128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of diet supplementation of laying hens with Enterococcus faecalis (EF) on egg production, egg quality and caecal microbiota. A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (72 weeks old) were divided into three groups with four replicates of 30 birds each. The laying hens were fed with the basal diet (Control), the basal diet + 3.75 · 108 cfu EF/kg (Group I) or the basal diet + 7.5 · 108 cfu EF/kg (Group II). The experiment lasted for 45 d. Eggs and caecal samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Results showed that dietary supplementation with EF did not affect the average daily egg weight, cracked egg rate, mortality and egg quality. However, EF supplementation caused a significantly increased laying rate and decreased feed/egg ratio (p < 0.05). The differences in caecal microbiota between Group II and the Control were significant. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria at the phylum level, Rikenellaceae, Christensenellaceae and Veillonellaceae at the family level, and the Faecalibacterium, Christensenellaceae R-7 group and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group at the genus level changed significantly in Group II compared with the Control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the tested dietary supplementations with EF improved product performance and affected the caecal microbial community structure of laying hens during the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Zhang
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Wenfeng Ma
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Jie Wang
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Yulong Yin
- b Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha , China
| | - Zhanbin Wang
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
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Hernandez-Patlan D, Solis-Cruz B, Pontin KP, Hernandez-Velasco X, Merino-Guzman R, Adhikari B, López-Arellano R, Kwon YM, Hargis BM, Arreguin-Nava MA, Tellez-Isaias G, Latorre JD. Impact of a Bacillus Direct-Fed Microbial on Growth Performance, Intestinal Barrier Integrity, Necrotic Enteritis Lesions, and Ileal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens Using a Laboratory Challenge Model. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:108. [PMID: 31106209 PMCID: PMC6492466 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreases in the use of antibiotics and anticoccidials in the poultry industry have risen the appearance of necrotic enteritis (NE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a Bacillus direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance, intestinal integrity, NE lesions and ileal microbiota using a previously established NE-challenged model. At day-of-hatch, chicks were randomly assigned to three different groups: Negative control (NC), Positive control (PC) challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (day 1), Eimeria maxima (EM, day 13) and Clostridium perfringens (CP, day 18-19), and Bacillus-DFM group (DFM) challenged as the PC. Body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) were measured weekly. Total feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated at day 21. Liver samples were collected to assess bacterial translocation and blood samples were used to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d). Intestinal contents were obtained for determination of total IgA and microbiota analysis. NE lesion scores (LS) were performed at day 21. Chickens consuming the DFM significantly improved BW and had a numerically more efficient FCR compared to PC at day 21. Additionally, there were no significant differences in FCR between the DFM group and NC. Furthermore, the DFM group showed significant reductions in LS, IgA and FITC-d levels compared to the PC. However, there were no significant differences in SOD between the groups. The microbiota analysis indicated that the phylum Proteobacteria was significantly reduced in the DFM group in comparison to PC. At the genus level, Clostridium, Turicibacter, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus were reduced, whereas, Lactobacillus and Bacillus were increased in the DFM group as compared to PC (p < 0.05). Likewise, the DFM significantly reduced CP as compared to PC. In contrary, no significant differences were observed in bacterial composition between NC vs. DFM. In addition, beta diversity showed significant differences in the microbial community structure between NC vs. PC, and PC vs. DFM. These results suggest that the dietary inclusion of a selected DFM could mitigate the complex negative impacts caused by NE possibly through mechanism(s) that might involve modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernandez-Patlan
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Bruno Solis-Cruz
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Karine Patrin Pontin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ruben Merino-Guzman
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bishnu Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | | | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Thomas JV, Nair DVT, Noll S, Johnson TJ, Cardona C, Johny AK. Effect of Turkey-Derived Beneficial Bacteria Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus ingluviei on a Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Strain in Turkey Poults. J Food Prot 2019; 82:435-440. [PMID: 30794457 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Effects of turkey-derived beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus ingluviei UMNPBX19 and Lactobacillus salivarius UMNPBX2 on Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in turkey poults was investigated. Using in vitro studies, we determined each strain's resistance to pH 2.5 and 0.3% bile salts and their β-hemolysis activity. We also tested each strain's adherence to avian epithelial cells and exhibition of antimicrobial activity against major poultry-associated Salmonella. Moreover, using three in vivo experiments, we determined the effect of the strains in combination (LBIS) against SH in turkey poults. The treatment groups were negative control (-SH, -LBIS), SH control (+SH, -LBIS), and LBIS group (+SH, +LBIS). Supplementation of LBIS was done in drinking water throughout the study at a dose of 8 log CFU/gal. On day 7, poults were challenged with a 2011 ground turkey outbreak strain of SH at 5 × 105 CFU/mL, and the surviving pathogens were determined on day 7 postinoculation from the cecum, spleen, and liver. Both Lactobacillus strains exerted resistance to low pH and bile salts ( P < 0.05), showed adhesion to epithelial cells ( P < 0.05), but did not exhibit β-hemolysis. Cell-free culture supernatants of strains showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella ( P < 0.05). Results from the in vivo studies revealed that LBIS significantly reduced dissemination of SH to the liver and spleen in all experiments, and colonization in the cecum in two of the three experiments (1.9- and 3.9-log CFU/g reductions), compared with the control. The results indicate that turkey-derived L. ingluviei UMNPBX19 and L. salivarius UMNPBX2 have potential beneficial effects against SH in turkeys. However, more studies to this effect are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divek V T Nair
- 1 Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Sally Noll
- 1 Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Timothy J Johnson
- 2 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Carol Cardona
- 2 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Anup Kollanoor Johny
- 1 Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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A Preliminary Study on Probiotic Characteristics of Sporosarcina spp. for Poultry Applications. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:448-461. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The Study of Different Growth Promoters on Growth Performance, Intestinal Bacteriology and Haematological Chracteristics. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abdel-Latif MA, Abd El-Hack ME, Swelum AA, Saadeldin IM, Elbestawy AR, Shewita RS, Ba-Awadh HA, Alowaimer AN, Abd El-Hamid HS. Single and Combined Effects of Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Growth Indices, Intestinal Health, and Immunity of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8100184. [PMID: 30347769 PMCID: PMC6210252 DOI: 10.3390/ani8100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 120 1-day-old commercial Cobb chicks were used to study the effects of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) on growth performance, intestinal health, and immune status in broilers. The experimental groups were as follows: G1; basal diet (BD), G2; basal diet (BD) plus C. butyricum preparation at 0.5 g/kg diet, G3; BD plus S. cerevisiae preparation at 0.5 g/kg diet, G4; BD plus 0.25 g/kg C. butyricum preparation plus 0.25 g/kg S. cerevisiae. Results showed that the total body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the G4 group than in the other groups. The mortality percentage was reduced in the probiotic-supplemented groups. The villi height was elongated, and the villus height/crypt depth ratio was significantly increased in G2 and G4 chicks, compared to those in the control. The crypt depth was significantly decreased in all the probiotic-supplemented groups. Hemagglutination inhibition titers for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were markedly increased in G2 and G4 chicks at 35 days of age, compared to those in G3 and control chicks. These results showed that dietary supplementation of a combined mixture of C. butyricum and S. cerevisiae in an equal ratio (G4) was more effective in improving growth performance, immune status, and gut health of broilers, compared with individual supplementation at a full dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat A Abdel-Latif
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Egypt.
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Egypt.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
| | - Ramadan S Shewita
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt.
| | - Hani A Ba-Awadh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah N Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Egypt.
| | - Hatem S Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
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Kim YC, Anderson AJ. Rhizosphere pseudomonads as probiotics improving plant health. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2349-2359. [PMID: 29676842 PMCID: PMC6638116 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many root-colonizing microbes are multifaceted in traits that improve plant health. Although isolates designated as biological control agents directly reduce pathogen growth, many exert additional beneficial features that parallel changes induced in animal and other hosts by health-promoting microbes termed probiotics. Both animal and plant probiotics cause direct antagonism of pathogens and induce systemic immunity in the host to pathogens and other stresses. They also alter host development and improve host nutrition. The probiotic root-colonizing pseudomonads are generalists in terms of plant hosts, soil habitats and the array of stress responses that are ameliorated in the plant. This article illustrates how the probiotic pseudomonads, nurtured by the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources released by the plant in root exudates, form protective biofilms on the root surface and produce the metabolites or enzymes to boost plant health. The findings reveal the multifunctional nature of many of the microbial metabolites in the plant-probiotic interplay. The beneficial effects of probiotics on plant function can contribute to sustainable yield and quality in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Cheol Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186South Korea
| | - Anne J. Anderson
- Department of Biological EngineeringUtah State UniversityLoganUT 84322‐4105USA
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Aalaei M, Khatibjoo A, Zaghari M, Taherpour K, Akbari Gharaei M, Soltani M. Comparison of single- and multi-strain probiotics effects on broiler breeder performance, egg production, egg quality and hatchability. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:531-538. [PMID: 29976078 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1496400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of multi-strain probiotic (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus 2.5 × 107 cfu/g, Lactobacillus casei 2.5 × 107 cfu/g, Bifidobacterium thermophilum 2.5 × 107 cfu/g and Enterococcus faecium 2.5 × 107 cfu/g) and single-strain probiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici 1 × 1010 cfu/g) on broiler breeder performance and gastrointestinal health. 2. A completely randomised trial was conducted using 300 broiler breeder hens (Ross 308) aged 51 weeks old which were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicates per treatment in a 10 week trial. Treatments included (1) the basal diet a negative control, (2) basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g/kg multi-strain probiotic (MS), (3) basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g/kg single-strain probiotic (SS), (4) basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g/kg of both of probiotics (MS+ SS) and (5) positive control basal diet supplemented with 0.5 g/kg oxytetracycline antibiotic (OX). 3. Body weight, egg production, yolk weight, eggshell thickness and weight, Haugh unit, fertility and hatchability were determined. Results showed that dietary treatments had no significant effect on total hen house or total hatching egg production, egg weight, yolk colour index, shell weight, mortality, body weight, fertility, hatchability, oviduct and stroma weight or number of large and small yellow follicles (P > 0.05). None of the jejunum morphological parameters, apparent ileal digestibility of protein and ileal Lactobacillus population were influenced by supplemental probiotics (P > 0.05), although ileum Escherichia coli count was reduced by inclusion of dietary probiotics (P < 0.05). 4. It was concluded that although both probiotic treatments reduced coliforms, they did not improve broiler breeder performance or gastrointestinal tract (GIT) function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aalaei
- a Department of Animal Science , University of Ilam , Ilam , IRAN
| | - A Khatibjoo
- b Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science , University of Ilam , Ilam , IRAN
| | - M Zaghari
- c Department of Animal Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , IRAN
| | - K Taherpour
- b Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science , University of Ilam , Ilam , IRAN
| | - M Akbari Gharaei
- b Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science , University of Ilam , Ilam , IRAN
| | - M Soltani
- d Department of Biotechnology , Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology , Kerman , Iran
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Inatomi T, Otomaru K. Effect of dietary probiotics on the semen traits and antioxidative activity of male broiler breeders. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5874. [PMID: 29651158 PMCID: PMC5897344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on the intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora, oxidative activity (biological antioxidant potential), and semen quality of male broiler breeders. For this, 180 Cobb male broiler breeders (60 weeks of age) were randomly distributed into two groups. The control group was fed a basal diet, and the probiotics group was fed basal diet supplemented with probiotics for 6 weeks. Probiotics containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TOA5001 improved the above mentioned characteristics of the male broiler breeders. Thus, B. amyloliquefaciens TOA5001 might improve the reproductive performance of male broiler breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takio Inatomi
- Inatomi Animal Clinic 4-18-25, Seijou, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-0066, Japan.
| | - Konosuke Otomaru
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
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Choi Y, Lee EC, Na Y, Lee SR. Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented and non-fermented brown algae by-products on laying performance, egg quality, and blood profile in laying hens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1654-1659. [PMID: 29642670 PMCID: PMC6127589 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with fermented and non-fermented brown algae by-products on the laying performance, egg quality, relative organ weight, and blood profile of laying hens. Methods Hy-Line Brown chickens (n = 180; 70-week-old) were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group (3 hens per cage, 4 cages per replicate), and fed with 5 experimental diets, namely the basal control diet (CON) or the control diet supplemented with 0.5% brown seaweed (BS), 0.5% seaweed fusiforme (SF), 0.5% fermented brown seaweed (FBS), or 0.5% fermented seaweed fusiforme (FSF), for 4 weeks. Results Egg production rate and egg mass were greater in the BS group than in the other groups (p<0.05), and the SF and FSF groups had greater egg production than the control group (p<0.05). Egg weight was higher in the BS group than in the other groups (p<0.05). There were no differences in eggshell color, egg yolk color, eggshell strength, or eggshell thickness among the groups. There was no difference in Haugh units among the treatment groups, except for the FSF group, which had a significantly lower value (p<0.05). The non-fermented groups had greater relative organ weights, particularly the liver and cecum, than the other groups (p<0.05). Regarding blood profile, the supplemented-diet groups had higher albumin levels than the control group (p<0.05). The FBS group had higher total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the other groups (p<0.05). The BS and FBS groups had higher glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels than the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that dietary brown algae supplementation can improve egg-laying performance; however, supplementation with fermented seaweeds had no positive effect on the egg-laying performance of hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Youngjun Na
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sang Rak Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue with increased risk of fracture, can be categorized into two forms: primary and secondary, depending on whether it occurs as part of the natural aging process (estrogen deficiency) or as part of disease pathology. In both forms bone loss is due to an imbalance in the bone remodeling process, with resorption/formation skewed more toward bone loss. Recent studies and emerging evidence consistently demonstrate the potential of the intestinal microbiota to modulate bone health. This review discusses the process of bone remodeling and the pathology of osteoporosis and introduces the intestinal microbiota and its potential to influence bone health. In particular, we highlight recent murine studies that examine how probiotic supplementation can both increase bone density in healthy individuals and protect against primary (estrogen deficiency) as well as secondary osteoporosis. Potential mechanisms are described to account for how probiotic treatments could be exerting their beneficial effect on bone health.
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45
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Mohammed A, Jacobs J, Murugesan G, Cheng H. Effect of dietary synbiotic supplement on behavioral patterns and growth performance of broiler chickens reared under heat stress. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1101-1108. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Salim HMD, Huque KS, Kamaruddin KM, Haque Beg A. Global restriction of using antibiotic growth promoters and alternative strategies in poultry production. Sci Prog 2018; 101:52-75. [PMID: 29467062 PMCID: PMC10365203 DOI: 10.3184/003685018x15173975498947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A growing global concern of antibiotic use in poultry diets due to its potential adverse effects on birds and human health, food safety and the environment has led to a complete ban or restricted use in some countries, and, at the same time, expanding options for the use of alternative feed additives. Multiple, rather than a single additive may replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry. Blending of feeding additives and hygienic farm management, vaccination and biosecurity may help achieve good intestinal health, stabilise enteric ecosystems and result in sustainable and cost effective production performance of birds. Moreover, controlling unsolicited ingredients at the production level must have the support of different markets responsible for the supply of safe and quality poultry products for consumers. This requires the further increase and diversification of value added poultry products and the expansion of their markets through strategic planning and gradual limitation of live bird markets. More research is warranted in order to explore suitable, reliable and cost effective alternatives to AGPs for commercial use, and strategic poultry value chain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khan Shahidul Huque
- Animal nutrition and feeding, and environment and improved livestock manure (ILM)
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Fathi M, Al-Homidan I, Al-Dokhail A, Ebeid T, Abou-Emera O, Alsagan A. Effects of dietary probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) supplementation on productive performance, immune response and egg quality characteristics in laying hens under high ambient temperature. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1425104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Fathi
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Al-Homidan
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaziz Al-Dokhail
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Ebeid
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Osama Abou-Emera
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alsagan
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tang RY, Wu ZL, Wang GZ, Liu WC. The effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on productive performance of laying hens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1394169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Yong Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Lin Wu
- Department of Environment and Life Science, Sichuan Minzu College, Kangding, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo Ze Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
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Castro-Osses D, Carrera-Naipil C, Gallardo-Escárate C, Gonçalves AT. Functional diets modulate the acute phase protein response in Oncorhynchus mykiss subjected to chronic stress and challenged with Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:62-70. [PMID: 28476670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The acute phase response to pathogens alters the production of proinflammatory cytokines that, in turn, activate the synthesis of acute phase proteins. These proteins neutralize, prevent, and indicate tissue damage, thereby influencing the specific immune response and allowing the organism to regain homeostasis. Functional diets based in pre- and probiotics are used in aquaculture to improve fish health and resistance to diseases, but there is an information gap on the mechanisms involved in these effects and if these diets are efficient when fish are raised under high stocking densities. This study aimed an evaluation of the acute phase response in Oncorhynchus mykiss fed functional diets supplemented with pre- and probiotics (i.e. mannan-oligosaccharides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively) and challenged by either Vibrio anguillarum or chronic stress via maintenance under high stocking densities. For this, the relative expression of acute phase response related genes in liver, and of inflammatory response related genes in head kidney was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The supplemented diets differentially modulated the acute phase protein response to the assessed challenge conditions, specifically evidencing an overexpression of the genes HAPT, SAA, LECT2, and IL-1β under chronic stress and of HAPT, IL-1β, IL8, and LECT2 at 24 h post-challenge with V. anguillarum. The observed early-stage regulation of acute phase proteins and of the immune response by the probiotic S. cerevisiae and by prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides suggests that both supplements have high immunostimulatory potentials for fish farmed under high stocking densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlyng Castro-Osses
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Crisleri Carrera-Naipil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana Teresa Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
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Seifi K, Karimi Torshizi MA, Rahimi S, Kazemifard M. Efficiency of early, single-dose probiotic administration methods on performance, small intestinal morphology, blood biochemistry, and immune response of Japanese quail. Poult Sci 2017; 96:2151-2158. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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